Algolia Update en

Array ( [0] => Array ( [objectID] => 29579 [title] => THE WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY CONDEMNS THE NEW ISRAELI DEATH PENALTY LAW, WHICH IT CONSIDERS TO BE BLATANTLY DISCRIMINATORY AND A SERIOUS VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW [timestamp] => 1775779200 [date] => 10/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-condemns-the-new-israeli-death-penalty-law-which-it-considers-to-be-blatantly-discriminatory-and-a-serious-violation-of-international-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => STATEMENT 10 April 2026 The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) condemns in the strongest possible terms the Death Penalty for Terrorists Law (5786–2026) recently adopted by Israel. [texte] => STATEMENT10 April 2026The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) condemns in the strongest possible terms the Death Penalty for Terrorists Law (5786–2026) recently adopted by Israel. (more…) "THE WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY CONDEMNS THE NEW ISRAELI DEATH PENALTY LAW, WHICH IT CONSIDERS TO BE BLATANTLY DISCRIMINATORY AND A SERIOUS VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Israel ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1] => Array ( [objectID] => 29555 [title] => Balochistan Human Rights Group (BHRG) [timestamp] => 1775692800 [date] => 09/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/balochistan-human-rights-group-bhrg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/BHRG-Logo.jpg [extrait] => Balochistan Human Rights Group (BHRG) is an independent human rights organization dedicated to documenting, monitoring, and advocating against serious human rights violations in Balochistan, with a particular focus on the use of the death penalty, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and unfair trials. The organization works to collect and verify information on death sentences, executions, and […] [texte] => Balochistan Human Rights Group (BHRG) is an independent human rights organization dedicated to documenting, monitoring, and advocating against serious human rights violations in Balochistan, with a particular focus on the use of the death penalty, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and unfair trials.The organization works to collect and verify information on death sentences, executions, and related due process violations affecting individuals from Balochistan.BHRG places special emphasis on cases involving political prisoners, ethnic and religious minorities, juveniles, and individuals convicted following torture, coerced confessions, or proceedings that fall short of international fair-trial standards.BHRG engages in research, documentation, and reporting, and collaborates with international human rights mechanisms, civil society organizations, lawyers, journalists, and families of victims to amplify voices from Balochistan that are often marginalized or silenced.The group also contributes to advocacy efforts aimed at raising international awareness, promoting accountability, and advancing compliance with international human rights law, including the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2] => Array ( [objectID] => 29527 [title] => Two New Guides to Strengthen Gender-Responsive Abolitionist Advocacy [timestamp] => 1775174400 [date] => 03/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-new-guides-to-strengthen-gender-responsive-abolitionist-advocacy/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/guide-gender-and-death-penalty-en-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is publishing two new guides designed to help abolitionists and their allies incorporate a gender-responsive approach into their advocacy efforts. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is publishing two new guides designed to help abolitionists and their allies incorporate a gender-responsive approach into their advocacy efforts. (more…) "Two New Guides to Strengthen Gender-Responsive Abolitionist Advocacy" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3] => Array ( [objectID] => 29512 [title] => Positive Result Foundation [timestamp] => 1775174400 [date] => 03/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/positive-result-foundation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Positive-Result-Foundation_logo.jpg [extrait] => Positive Result Foundation is an NGO that began operation in August 20th, 2020 as a specialist in defending people legally in court. Protecting people’s human right and giving hope to the hopeless and the less privileage. Also, we impact lives in our communities. Today (as of 2026), Positive Result Foundation have released more than 60 […] [texte] => Positive Result Foundation is an NGO that began operation in August 20th, 2020 as a specialist in defending people legally in court. Protecting people's human right and giving hope to the hopeless and the less privileage. Also, we impact lives in our communities.Today (as of 2026), Positive Result Foundation have released more than 60 inmates facing dealth penalties in our country.Positive Result Foundation works in connection with a law firm S.N NWOGU & CO which is a multi disciplinary network that control domestic violence and abuse of human right in Nigeria.Positive Result Foundation activities includes: Advocacy, litigation in courts in Nigeria, The African commission on Human and Peoples Right, The united Nations international human Right treaty based, Legal assistence, organizing free medical care within our communities.Positive Result Foundation have been able to drew on the skills of a range of lawyers who are specialist in their field, and who Advocates for human rights. We also educate the youth on the important of Education, good behaviour and positive development in our country and abroad. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [4] => Array ( [objectID] => 29476 [title] => Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1775001600 [date] => 01/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/emploi/open-call-for-proposals-financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => In early 2024, 13 abolitionist organizations, including regional networks, grassroots organizations and international NGOs have come together to form the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition. Co-funded by the European Union under a Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA) and led by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, this civil society-led initiative aims to amplify […] [texte] => In early 2024, 13 abolitionist organizations, including regional networks, grassroots organizations and international NGOs have come together to form the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition. Co-funded by the European Union under a Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA) and led by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, this civil society-led initiative aims to amplify the voice and influence of the abolitionist movement on a global scale. (more…) "Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition" [Type article] => job offer [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [5] => Array ( [objectID] => 29506 [title] => Call for tenders – Design and Layout [timestamp] => 1774828800 [date] => 30/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/emploi/call-for-tenders-design-and-layout/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The world coalition against the death penalty based in Paris, France, is launching a call for tenders for design and layout. [texte] => The world coalition against the death penalty based in Paris, France, is launching a call for tenders for design and layout. (more…) "Call for tenders – Design and Layout" [Type article] => job offer [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [6] => Array ( [objectID] => 29486 [title] => Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition – Application Form [timestamp] => 1774828800 [date] => 30/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/open-call-for-proposals-financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-application-form/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Financial Support to Third Parties- Global Consortium for Death Penalty AbolitionAPPLICATION FORMName of the organization/informal network:Country:Legal status, if any:Point of ContactFirst Name, LAST NAME: Position/ Title: Email address: Telephone number/WhatsApp/Signal (incl. country code):Additional informationPlease include (web) links to your previous work against the death penalty or related activities including website and social media handles:Please confirm that you are applying as a:civil society organization (CSO - for the purpose of this call for proposals, CSOs include all non-State, not-for-profit structures, non-partisan and non-violent, through which people organize to pursue shared objectives and ideals, whether political, cultural, social or economic); orinformal network of people opposed to the death penalty And that your organization is:non-profit-making or social enterprises; and have as part of its mandate the protection and promotion of human rights.Indicate below which proposal’s target country/region and grant number you’re submitting to : -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Please tick this box to confirm that your proposal is aligned with the specific conditions for this country as indicated in the call for proposals, in particular (v) Indicative Budget and maximum amount:I have read the specific conditions that apply for this country and my proposal reflects itProposal’s Objectives: Please select one of the following expected results:R1: For projects focused on retentionist countries: Reducing the use of capital punishment and encouraging more transparency regarding its application. R2: For projects focused on Abolitionist in practice countries: Abolishing the death penalty in law. R3: For projects focused on Abolitionist in law countries: Ratifying abolitionist treaties and preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty. Please explain how your activities will help achieve these results and address here any security risks or any sensitivity issue we need to be aware of. Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pagePlanned Activities:Your organizations’ planned activities must be in line with the objective(s) you have selected above. The project may consist of one or more activities. Please detail each activity you plan to carry out and explain how they are related to the relevant objective (half a page per activity).List of activities eligible for financial support under this call: advocacy at the national level in favor of abolition including advocacy with abolitionist in practice countries and abolitionist in law countries to increase visibility of support for the anti-death penalty movement; building the capacities and awareness of parliamentarians, government officials and capital-defense lawyers; supporting civil society engagement with international human rights mechanisms; improving the conditions of detention of people on death row; supporting families of persons charged with capital offences and or of people on death row; strengthening the capacities of judicial and administrative authorities; research and data collection; documentation and litigation support; building the capacity of civil society, including governance practices and project management; supporting exoneree-led activities and amplifying exoneree voices; movement growth, innovation and coalition building; supporting advocacy, monitoring and capacity building of target groups; awareness, media and campaigns; crisis response to quickly react to in-country developments and mobilise relevant actors; mobilization of non-conventional stakeholders in the movement (eg. young people, private sector, cultural or sports sector) through actions including educational, technological, cultural activities; advocacy to hold abolitionist countries to account for any adverse shifts in law, policy or practice.activities aimed at making visible and combating the discrimination faced by women and/or LGBTQIA+ people in the judicial process leading to the death penaltyWhen do you plan to do your activity(ies)?Please note that activities conducted between April 2026 and March 2028 are eligible.Expected start date of your proposal:Expected end date of your proposal:Activity 1: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity. Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context. Explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audienceActivity 2: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity. Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context. Explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audience** If further Activities envisaged, add additional boxes here Project’s Detailed Budget and Timeline:INFORMATION NOTE - Project’s Detailed Budget:Please note that the maximum amount you may request is specific to each country/grant and each set of activities. It cannot exceed the amount of the grant.Please note that you will be asked for a list of expenses and proofs or receipts of expenditure if your proposal is selected, so only put realistic costs that you know you will be able to justify.If your budget is not in EURO, please indicate your currency and check the exchange rate using this rate here : https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_en Annual budget and previous experience:Please indicate your annual budget in EUROS, if any : If the budget available from this grant will only contribute to cover some costs for your activities, rather than fund the whole activity cost, please supply a detailed budget solely for the requested funds. Indicate here if it forms part of a larger budget, and if so, what the total budget is:Have you recently managed a similar grant ? If the funds requested exceed your annual budget, what measures will you put in place to manage it (for example, who will you track expenses, activities and report to the organization responsible for the fund management)?Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pageIn submitting this budget proposal, you commit to (Please tick all the boxes):Not to include imputed costs or costs of volunteer services;Respecting the principle of prohibiting double financing of expenditure (no co-financing by EU delegation, etc);Respecting the non-profit principleRespecting financial deadlines, if you are selectedRespecting the exchange rate of the European Union Commission, on the following link: https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_frDATE OF SUBMISSION: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/EN-WCADP-ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA_2026.docx ) [7] => Array ( [objectID] => 29477 [title] => Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition – Annexe Budget [timestamp] => 1774828800 [date] => 30/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/open-call-for-proposals-financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-annexe-budget/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Annexe-budget.xlsx ) [8] => Array ( [objectID] => 29459 [title] => East Africa Law Society (EALS) [timestamp] => 1773878400 [date] => 19/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/east-africa-law-society-eals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/East-Africa-Law-Society-EALS-logo.jpg [extrait] => EALS is a regional bar association comprising eight (8) national bar associations and individual members across East Africa. Its mandate is to promote the Legal Profession, Good Governance, the Rule of Law, and Human Rights in the region. EALS plays a central role in advancing the abolition of the death penalty in East Africa through […] [texte] => EALS is a regional bar association comprising eight (8) national bar associations and individual members across East Africa. Its mandate is to promote the Legal Profession, Good Governance, the Rule of Law, and Human Rights in the region. EALS plays a central role in advancing the abolition of the death penalty in East Africa through strategic litigation, policy engagement, and regional advocacy. The organisation has been involved in a wide range of capital punishment challenges before regional and continental courts, including several that have been especially influential in shaping the abolition discourse in the region.Notable among these is Ally Rajabu v. United Republic of Tanzania (Application No. 007/2015) in African Court, which advanced core human rights arguments on the incompatibility of the death penalty with regional human rights standards. This jurisprudential engagement has continued through subsequent proceedings, including the consolidated cases of Chacha Jeremia & 2 Others v. United Republic of Tanzania (Consolidated Application Nos. 039/2019, 040/2019 and 041/2019) and Sudi Mashana v. Republic (Application No. 021/2020), among others.Alongside strategic litigation, EALS has reinforced its abolition agenda through sustained parliamentary engagement, regional policy dialogue, and targeted capacity-building programmes for judges, lawyers, and lawmakers, thereby consolidating its position as a leading regional voice on justice reform and the progressive abolition of capital punishment.EALS collaborates with international partners such as Reprieve UK, Cornell University’s Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, and other regional civil society organisations to strengthen technical expertise in abolition advocacy. The organisation maintains observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the East African Community, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and is committed to advancing binding, treaty-based abolition of the death penalty across East Africa while promoting access to justice, democracy, and human development. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [9] => Array ( [objectID] => 29444 [title] => HumanS Remain [timestamp] => 1773878400 [date] => 19/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/humans-remain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HumanS-Remain-logo-500x679.jpg [extrait] => Driven by the belief that every life holds value, this non-profit organisation stands as an advocacy effort dedicated to supporting Death Row prisoners in Mississippi and amplifying their voices. Through educating, storytelling and campaigning, we work towards the worldwide abolition of the death penalty, seeking justice that is humane, equitable and compassionate. HumanS Remain is […] [texte] => Driven by the belief that every life holds value, this non-profit organisation stands as an advocacy effort dedicated to supporting Death Row prisoners in Mississippi and amplifying their voices.Through educating, storytelling and campaigning, we work towards the worldwide abolition of the death penalty, seeking justice that is humane, equitable and compassionate.HumanS Remain is a collective of many of the incarcerated in Parchman, Mississippi, it’s their organisation telling their stories, their lives. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [10] => Array ( [objectID] => 29428 [title] => Al-Monqith Organization for Human Rights (MOHR) [timestamp] => 1773878400 [date] => 19/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/al-monqith-organization-for-human-rights-mohr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Al-Monqith-Organization-for-Human-Rights-MOHR-logo-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Background and Mission: Al-Monqith Organization for Human Rights is an independent NGO operating in Iraq, the Kurdistan Region, and on a global scale. Our mission is centered on the advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty or, at a minimum, its strict restriction to the furthest extent possible. We are dedicated to eradicating all […] [texte] => Background and Mission: Al-Monqith Organization for Human Rights is an independent NGO operating in Iraq, the Kurdistan Region, and on a global scale. Our mission is centered on the advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty or, at a minimum, its strict restriction to the furthest extent possible. We are dedicated to eradicating all forms of modern slavery and protecting human dignity through legal reform and international cooperation.Protection of Vulnerable Groups and Anti-Torture: A core pillar of our work is the protection of vulnerable groups, specifically women and girls, who often face unique risks of abuse and systemic violence. We are committed to preventing torture and all forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. By monitoring and documenting violations, we aim to provide a protective shield for those most at risk, ensuring that gender-sensitive approaches are integrated into human rights advocacy.Rights of Detainees and Legal Advocacy: The organization focuses heavily on the rights of detainees and convicted individuals, advocating for fair trials and humane treatment within the justice system. We work to improve detention conditions and ensure that the legal rights of those in custody are respected according to international standards. Our goal is to influence public policy to reduce harsh sentencing and ensure that the most marginalized voices in the legal system are heard and protected.Strategic Partnerships & Memberships: The organization maintains strong coordination with local authorities and international stakeholders to ensure safe access to detention centers and marginalized areas. We are actively seeking to align our reporting with international mechanisms, such as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR).Operational Compliance: We implement strict financial and administrative policies, including a robust "Conflict of Interest" policy and "Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse" (PSEA) guidelines. Our Steering Committee meets quarterly to review progress and ensure transparency in all operations.Expertise & Reach: Our team includes legal experts and field monitors specialized in Iraqi law and international human rights treaties. We possess the linguistic and cultural competency required to work effectively within diverse communities across Iraq and the Kurdistan Region. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [11] => Array ( [objectID] => 29420 [title] => SEX ON TRIAL [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sex-on-trial/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://download.ssrn.com/2026/3/12/6326120.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEK3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFBUoz%2FMrHOYO%2BSvRCA4%2BmC8GqJA7HTu0NFRSsPFtOeiAiBPgp571dcKY7DW5z5Gg6mj1cfGiD1sg6lrVIQNDn6o9iq9BQh2EAQaDDMwODQ3NTMwMTI1NyIMOxxCe%2BVkAJh790qcKpoFkMd1vV7T1eYqhE0%2Bt0FNmN8StLPzjzeE5T9lKRMGzHkfq5r30vT16Sx%2Fk3RRwEBIqXt5v3lZa9wawstSMxl%2BWGIRRmeTY2Zd%2B84b3ng5M8rBeCy%2BlMvS8KmQcs55dhXSCmaxauff5XMytMdG0jCq1WsqaLS7H1JGB1j%2BEuB%2BbqvLi0OXMO7u3kR3f8woM9aawNMJi3STat8Fxbdzg6qp%2Fv8AA7ZscDce97jBE62w8nzfeNinUi7R4Ezw388DHQJz70kogmHMsXYVyhdq6IxsrQbOnFrnaHu82ww8NzJKJzH%2BSIzU6o3MTUh6jbwWrdp8nQ6HMxORlLyK6CCxFQHptlDgrHiEVaNJqXX%2Bwh%2B5ATAUknNE0cQyWYOXR05aUYsqqd0MPyzObYgkgTq8n6eHx9%2FdAKDXOntSgaQbIvIFlxccAe5EUnzGXFkTqCYoXvwOxIL4zSuetLCBYd4WyEK1QblyC0Uz8WozB51NvFddLSLG9sjf4d84ghqgjm64q%2BFZ2bOcKNtTVt4%2BT71gzjT3XW%2B6BXwmQWVniHzN2KuMoRFTBunSLkogUbq4Eiojca%2BVOSrAQ1VauIKiNYVB4dcj6BwzpC9qaNdHa%2F9askF14Ypcf24%2BSbgilfeOj57D%2BRED8CTuRILVlZmDHpAveOTsUxBWDv9%2FM3DeF62Cx7bWanu4W4ZHzr7gJ4rKCveqrCNSYQ%2BA56RcgkwvEnYJbzISAbG7qvRqiP%2ByT0ExuuVAiXn4Mnm3wlt1ZH6ufX4VR2%2BN%2BXQ%2Fk40yBddE7rdQ18trroRBGZHy8YWE9Fooet9X1hXPPpIkkN5wK5FnKIbFoLQxLiZBGop%2BavPpwkWoLrD1krRoyZ0AVq9x%2FyFL%2BML3Tho64OzWmchvm3HjMKvxys0GOrIBCywZ3SZpL8BJ4Eq9EPWChHJhKtB8ppORjG8ixNBbl9eC%2FyHUQExpLAWqVvzC37kxSY%2FWwykhmMORPb3RYxBeMc75q6%2BS5Qi1v%2Flsq6P561ONDTCwyGkJhWIOHTxKLNz5j0cOUVmGYPnfUSWjMLOiOvhUaj0q8PU5zFCRxpWYCwQDNEROPuMy2y86pBvWdQbVcxcNYJfNEqncqNH7CZYG95PJt1YoSfLUGWY43AQGpCIlUg%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20260312T140646Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAUPUUPRWEYZMVFHBZ%2F20260312%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=63a0dd2506b6fc92f1b56dd53a2b642aef6468d8d55704c89a1165a68a953125&abstractId=6326120 ) [12] => Array ( [objectID] => 29418 [title] => Women Facing the Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia: Invisibility and Structural Injustice [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-facing-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-invisibility-and-structural-injustice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Women Facing the Death Penalty 1in Saudi ArabiaWomenFacing theDeath Penaltyin Saudi Arabia:Invisibility andStructuralInjusticeWomen Facing the Death Penalty 2in Saudi ArabiaThis report examines Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty through a genderedand intersectional lens, with particular attention to migrant women. It exposes howgender, migration status, race and class combine to shape vulnerability within theSaudi criminal justice system. Migrant women – especially domestic workers – arepositioned at the intersection of these risks, but Saudi women are also executed atroughly the same rate, demonstrating that gendered vulnerability operates acrosscitizenship status.The analysis brings together a review of existing documentation – including UN humanrights mechanisms, international NGOs, ALQST’s monitoring, and media investigations– with limited primary information gathered through families of affected women andcivil society actors. Efforts were also made to engage embassies representing thewomen’s countries of origin. The restricted access to official and diplomatic sourcesreflects the highly opaque and politically sensitive environment in which these casesoccur.The report focuses not on the death penalty itself but on how women experience thesystem in Saudi Arabia in practice, through arrest, interrogation, trial and detention,highlighting recurring issues such as the absence of legal representation, languagebarriers, pressure to sign documents or confessions, and the lack of timely oreffective consular support, while families are often left without information or meansto intervene.By consolidating available evidence and situating it within a gender- and migrationaware framework, this report aims to clarify how women come to face capitalpunishment in Saudi Arabia and why their cases remain largely invisible. The analysisinforms the findings and recommendations that follow and provides a foundation fortargeted policy and advocacy engagement.Women Facing the Death Penaltyin Saudi Arabia: Invisibility andStructural InjusticeWomen Facing the Death Penalty 3in Saudi Arabia1. Legal framework and capital jurisdictionAcross death penalty systems globally, women face discrimination at every stage of the legalprocess. Research shows that many women sentenced to death are survivors of long-term sexualor domestic abuse, yet these histories are rarely introduced in court or treated as mitigating factorsduring sentencing. Intersectional inequalities further intensify this vulnerability: migrant domesticworkers, women living in poverty, and racialised minorities are disproportionately represented amongthose facing capital charges. In Saudi Arabia, this pattern is particularly evident among foreignwomen employed in domestic work, who frequently lack access to legal counsel, interpretation oreffective consular support, and are therefore unable to meaningfully challenge accusations or defendthemselves in court. However, execution data compiled by ALQST reveal that women executed inSaudi Arabia during the period 2023-2025 were split roughly evenly between foreign nationals andSaudi citizens (55% vs. 45% respectively), indicating that gendered exposure to the death penaltyoperates across citizenship status, albeit through different legal and political pathways.Saudi Arabia’s death penalty operates within an uncodified legal system. There is no comprehensivewritten penal code setting out crimes, sentencing thresholds or binding standards. Instead, judgesexercise wide discretion in interpreting religious law on a case-by-case basis, without a doctrine ofprecedent that would require consistency across rulings. This system results in significant variabilityin sentencing outcomes and creates space for subjective and gendered interpretations to shapejudicial decisions.Women from marginalised backgrounds – including migrant workers, poor defendants, ethnicminorities, and individuals with disabilities – are overrepresented among those sentenced to death.Courts frequently fail to consider histories of gender-based violence, coercion or exploitation, even incases involving prolonged domestic abuse or acts committed in self-defence. In some cases, womenhave been judged not only on the alleged offence but on perceived violations of social and moralnorms. Prosecutors and judges have portrayed women as immoral, disobedient, or unfit as wives ormothers, using these character assessments to justify harsh punishment rather than assessing thefacts of the case alone.Judicial discretion is further shaped by deeply patriarchal institutional structures. Judges areexclusively male, and proceedings are often informed by conservative interpretations of gender roles.International legal analyses have found that this environment reinforces structural bias, particularlyin cases involving coerced confessions, domestic violence, or limited evidentiary standards. Reportssubmitted to the United Nations have repeatedly found that Saudi Arabia has failed to meet itsobligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women(CEDAW), and that recent legal reforms – including the 2022 Personal Status Law – continue to allowwide judicial discretion that results in discriminatory outcomes across both family and criminal law.A recurring feature of capital cases in Saudi Arabia is heavy reliance on confessions, many of whichare obtained during interrogations without legal representation or adequate safeguards. Humanrights organisations have documented the use of intimidation, threats and ill-treatment to secure Women Facing the Death Penalty 4in Saudi Arabiastatements, particularly from women interrogated by male officers in custodial settings. Theseconfessions are frequently accepted as decisive evidence, even when later retracted or challengedin court. Public testimonies by detainees and activists, including high-profile cases, have furtherillustrated how coercion continues to shape outcomes in both criminal and politically sensitive cases.The breadth of judicial discretion has also enabled the imposition of death sentences for nonlethal and non-violent offences, most notably drug-related charges. Migrant women workers aredisproportionately affected by such prosecutions. In several documented cases, domestic workerswere sentenced to death despite strong indications of self-defence against abusive employers. Indrug-related cases, women are often low-level couriers, frequently coerced, deceived or exploited bytrafficking networks, yet they face capital prosecution while organisers and higher-level actors evadeaccountability. The absence of fair trial guarantees means that mitigating factors such as histories ofabuse, coercion or trafficking are rarely meaningfully examined.Women Facing the Death Penalty 5in Saudi Arabia2. Trends and scaleSaudi Arabia has carried out a sharp and sustained escalation in executions over the past decade,reaching levels not seen in modern records. According to consolidated monitoring by human rightsorganisations, at least 198 people (including six women) were executed in 2023, already marking oneof the highest annual totals in recent history, followed by 345 recorded executions in 2024 (nine ofthem women) and 356 (among them five women) in 2025.A defining feature of this expansion is the extensive use of the death penalty for non-violent offences,particularly drug-related cases. A substantial proportion of the executions recorded in 2024, andthe majority in 2025, were for drug offences that did not involve lethal violence. This marks a cleardeparture from international standards, which restrict the death penalty – where it has not beenabolished – to the “most serious crimes”, generally understood to mean intentional killing.Foreign nationals constitute a disproportionately large share of those executed, especially in drugrelated cases, with migrant workers from South and Southeast Asia and Africa heavily representedamong those sentenced to death. For women, ALQST’s tracking shows that 55 per cent of thewomen executed in Saudi Arabia between 2023 and 2025 were foreign nationals and 45 per centSaudi citizens. Monitoring data indicate that many foreign defendants face trial without effectiveinterpretation, without early access to lawyers, and without timely consular notification, significantlyundermining their ability to challenge evidence or present mitigating circumstances.The sharp rise in executions since 2018, combined with the opacity of proceedings and the overrepresentation of foreign and economically marginalised defendants, underscores how the deathpenalty in Saudi Arabia operates as a systemic instrument of control over individuals who facestructural barriers to due process, rather than being confined to the most serious and exceptionalcrimes.Women Facing the Death Penalty 6in Saudi Arabia3. Systemic due-process violationsCapital cases in Saudi Arabia reveal systemic violations of fair-trial guarantees. Defendants arefrequently interrogated and tried without access to legal representation. Saudi Arabia has no statefunded legal aid system, and privately retained lawyers are often denied access to clients until latestages of proceedings, or after sentencing has already occurred. Courts routinely rely on confessionsthat defendants later retract, while judges frequently fail to investigate credible allegations that suchstatements were obtained through coercion, intimidation or ill-treatment.These violations are especially acute for foreign nationals who do not speak Arabic and are unfamiliarwith Saudi legal procedures. Human rights documentation repeatedly records cases in whichdefendants were required to sign Arabic-language documents they could not read or understand,without interpretation or explanation of their rights. Interpreters are often absent during interrogationand trial, severely undermining defendants’ ability to challenge evidence, understand charges, orparticipate meaningfully in p [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://alqst.org/uploads/women-facing-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-invisibility-and-structural-injustice-en.pdf ) [13] => Array ( [objectID] => 29416 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2025 [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 1THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCES:GLOBAL OVERVIEW20251Harm Reduction International (HRI) envisions a worldin which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights.We use data and advocacy to promote harm reductionand drug policy reform. We show how rights-based,evidence-informed responses to drugs contribute tohealthier, safer societies, and why investing in harmreduction makes sense.HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Status with theEconomic and Social Council of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2025Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré,and Ajeng Larasati© Harm Reduction International, 2026ISBN: 978-1-915255-22-8Designed by Crisp Design based on anoriginal design by ESCOLAPublished by Harm ReductionInternationalTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.globalThis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the EuropeanUnion. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Harm ReductionInternational and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of theEuropean Union. This activity is part of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition,a civil society-led initiative aiming to amplify the voice and influence of the abolitionistmovement on a global scale with the support of the European Union under a FinancialFramework Partnership Agreement (FFPA).2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report would not be possible without data collected and published or shared byleading human rights organisations and individual experts and advocates, many of whomprovided advice and assistance throughout the drafting process. We would specificallylike to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre for Human Rights in Iran, ADPAN,ALQST for Human Rights, Ambika Satkunanathan, Amnesty International, EuropeanSaudi Organisation for Human Rights, HAYAT, the International Drug Policy Consortium,Iran Human Rights, Justice Project Pakistan, Khalid Tinasti, LBH Masyarakat, ODHIKAR,Organisation Against the Death Penalty in Iraq, Square Circle Clinic (NALSAR), Reprieveand Transformative Justice Collective.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction International for theirfeedback and support in preparing this report: Ailish Brennan, Anne Taiwo, CatherineCook, Cinzia Brentari, Gaj Gurung, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare, Martina Moreira, PaolaRodríguez, Paulina Cortez Licona, Suchitra Rajagopalan and Ugochi Egwu.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.3INTRODUCTIONHarm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penaltyfor drug offences1 worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issuein 2007. This report, our 15th on the subject, continues our work of providing regularupdates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capitalpunishment for drug offences,2 a practice which is a clear violation of international humanrights and drug control standards.This year’s report includes key data and updated categories as well as significantinternational and national developments that took place throughout 2025. A deeperanalysis of developments and trends will be published in the 2026 edition and on alternateyears. The methodology used for all reports remains the same.3HRI opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception.31. Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug- related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under national laws. Forthe purposes of this report, this definition excludes activities which are not related to the trafficking, possession or use of controlled substances and relatedinchoate offences (inciting, assisting or abetting a crime). HRI’s research also excludes countries where drug offences are punishable by death only if theyinvolve, or result in, intentional killing.2. Unless specified, the source for all figures and information provided in this report is an internal HRI dataset on death sentences and executions for drugoffences, available upon request.3. For a complete description of HRI’s methodology please see Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré, and Ajeng Larasati, ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2024’ (London: Harm Reduction International, 2025). Available from https://hri.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/HRI-GlobalOverview2024-FINAL.pdf. 4CATEGORIESTo demonstrate the differences between law and practice among states wherethe death penalty can be imposed for drug offences, HRI categorises countries into ‘highapplication’, ‘low application’ and ‘symbolic application’ states.High Application States are those in whichexecutions for drug offences were carriedout, and/or at least 10 drug-related deathsentences were imposed per year, in the pastfive years.Low Application States are those whereexecutions for drug offences have not beencarried out in the past five years but deathsentences for drug offences were imposedduring that period, yet the confirmed numberof drug-related death sentences does not meetthe threshold required for high applicationclassification. Egypt, Iraq, United ArabEmirates and Yemen are low applicationcountries confirmed to have carried outexecutions in 2025, but not for drug offences.The section below, therefore, only providesfigures on death sentences and death rowpopulations.4Symbolic Application States are thosethat have laws which allow the death penaltyfor drug offences but have not carried outexecutions nor sentenced individuals todeath for drug offences in the past five years.South Sudan, Taiwan and the United Statesof America (USA) are symbolic applicationcountries confirmed to have carried outexecutions in 2025, but not for drug offences.A fourth category, insufficient data, denotesinstances where there is simply not enoughinformation to accurately classify the country.4. HRI acknowledges that there is no consensus regarding the definition of ‘death row’ and that different authorities and organisations may collect datadifferently. The information provided by HRI may include figures collected by countries and organisations according to different criteria.5CONTENTSIntroduction 32025 in a Snapshot 6Global Overview 8Key National Developments 13Executions for Drug Offences 13Spotlight:1 Iran’s War on People 14Spotlight 2: Drug-related Executions andForeign Nationals in Saudi Arabia 16Drug-related Death Sentences and Death Row Populations 18Drug-related Commutations and Pardons 23Legal Reforms to the Death Penalty for Drug Offences 24Key International Developments 27Spotlight 3: Executions in Iran – Is UNODC at Risk of Complicity? 292025 IN ASNAPSHOT• At least 1,212 people were executed for drugoffences worldwide (excluding figures from China,Vietnam and North Korea). This represents a 97%increase from 2024, and the highest figure reportedsince HRI started monitoring drug-related executionsin 2007.• Drug offences were responsible for over 46% of allexecutions confirmed globally.• Drug-related executions increased by 97%between 2024 and 2025 in both Iran and SaudiArabia. Foreign nationals and people from ethnicminorities remain overrepresented among thoseexecuted.• Drug-related executions were confirmed in fivecountries (China, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia andSingapore). Executions are assumed to have beencarried out in North Korea and Vietnam, but statesecrecy and censorship prevent a minimum figurefrom being confirmed.• Two countries (Algeria and the Maldives) amendedtheir laws to introduce the death penalty for certaindrug offences. For the first time in over a decade,the number of countries retaining the death penaltyfor drug offences increased – up to a total of 36.• 331 death sentences for drug offences wereconfirmed in 18 countries – one country more than in2024.• At least 2,450 people (likely hundreds more) are ondeath row for drug offences in 22 countries.• Confirmed figures are likely a gross underestimateof the actual number of drug-related executions anddeath sentences. This is due to a persistent lack oftransparency, and censorship on information aboutthe use of the death penalty.MINIMUM CONFIRMED EXECUTIONSFOR DRUG OFFENCES (2016-2025)202520242023202220212020201920182017201636928998116301313244676151212High Application1358267Low Application Symbolic Application Insufficient DataMoved from High Application to Low ApplicationAdded in 2025Moved from Low Application to High ApplicationMoved from Symbolic Application to Low ApplicationMoved from Insufficient Data to Low Application5Pakistan removed death as a possible sentence for drugoffences in 2023. It remains included in this report becausepeople on death row for drug offences were reported in 2025.1. China2. Indonesia3. Iran4. Kuwait5. North Korea (DPRK)6. Saudi Arabia7. Singapore8. Vietnam9. Bahrain10. Bangladesh11. Egypt12. Iraq13. Lao PDR14. Libya15. Malaysia16. Pakistan517. Sri Lanka18. Sudan19. Thailand20. United Arab Emirates21. Yemen22. Algeria23. Brunei Darussalam24. Cuba25. India26. Jordan27. Maldives28. Mauritania29. Myanmar30. Oman31. Qatar32. South Korea33. South Sudan34. Taiwan35. United States ofAmerica36. State of Palestine (Gaza)37. SyriaCOUNTRYBY COUNTRY41210119131415161822172119202324262527293028313233343537368The year 2025 was an exceptionally brutal one for global drug control. A recordnumber of drug-related executions in a small but resolute group of countries translatedinto the highest number of executions ever recorded globally since HRI startedreporting on drug-related executions in 2007. At least 1,212 people were executed dueto a drug offence.These are likely to only be a fraction of all drug-related executions carriedout in 2025, as China, North Korea and Vietnam continue operating in secrecy.In fact, most of the information contained in this report would remain inaccessible,if not for the efforts of civil society and people directly affected by the deathpenalty who continue essential monitoring work despite shrinking civic spaceand dwindling funding in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HRI-GO-Death-penalty-drugs-2025-FINAL.pdf ) [14] => Array ( [objectID] => 29414 [title] => Womens Executions in Saudi Arabia – From Fragile Protection to Systematic Violations (2015 – 2025) [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/womens-executions-in-saudi-arabia-from-fragile-protection-to-systematic-violations-2015-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Womens_Executions_in_Saudi_Arabia_From_Fragile_Protection_to_Systematic.pdf ) [15] => Array ( [objectID] => 29403 [title] => How to implement gender-responsive international abolitionist advocacy? [timestamp] => 1772755200 [date] => 06/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guide-gender-chapter-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GENDER AND DEATH PENALTY TRAINING MANUAL 2/3In partnership with:Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mortMundo-M, 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, FranceTél. : +33 1 80 87 70 43contact@worldcoalition.orgX : @WCADPFacebook : worldcoalitionThe Advocates for Human Rights330 Second Avenue South, Suite 800 Minneapolis, MN 55401Tél. : 612-341-3302hrights@advrights.orgtheadvocatesforhumanrights.orgA P R I L 2 0 2 5How to implement genderresponsive internationalabolitionist advocacy ?Guidance on how to abolish the death penaltyby recognizing intersectional discriminationfaced by women and LGBTQ+ people in theapplication of the death penaltyThis manual is part of a series of three manuals developed by theWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty as part of the “Gender andthe Death Penalty” theme. Each manual addresses a specific aspectof integrating a gender-responsive approach into abolitionist initiatives:MANUAL 1What are we referring to when we talk about gender discriminationin capital punishment?MANUAL 2advocacy?How to implement gender-responsive international abolitionistMANUAL 3How to integrate a gender-responsive approach into abolitionistefforts at national level?These manuals are designed to provide practical tools for civil societyorganizations engaged in the struggle to abolish the death penalty.By the World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyand the Advocates for Human RightsAcknowledgementsThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty andThe Advocates for Human Rights are grateful to MélineSzwarcberg, who was the principal author of this guideand to Amy Bergquist and Grace Miranda for theirsubstantial contributions.The World Coalition and TAHR would also liketo warmly thank the Gender Working Group of theWorld Coalition, including the following partnersfor their considerable input:Marie Nougier,International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC)Nathan Madson,The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)Nathalie Greenfield,ReprieveRuth Birgin,Women and Harm Reduction International Network(WHRIN)Verónica Cadavid González,The Advocates for Human Rights, (TAHR)4SummaryAbbreviations, acronyms & definitions —6—Foreword —8—Key international human rights standards for protecting women and LGBTQ+ people facing capital punishment —10—International standards –10–Regional standards –14–Integrating the issue of gender discrimination into all abolitionist advocacy opportunities —17—Integrate gender issues into abolitionists reports –18–Integrate gender issues into abolitionist oral statements –22–Integrate gender issues in abolitionist side events –22–Integrating death penalty issues into international mechanisms for the protection of women’s rights and the rights of sexual and gender minorities —24—Work with the CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination Against Women) –24–Work with UN Special Procedures for the Protection of the Rights of Womenand Sexual and Gender Minorities –35–Work withe the CSW (the UN Commission on the Status of Women) –40–Work with the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to advocate for the abolition of the death penalty and the elimination of gender biases in capital punishmen—42—Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) –42–ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES of gender-sensitive advocacy on drug policyand the death penalty –43–Opportunities for abolitionist civil society –44–5I N T R OAbbreviations,acronyms & definitionsACHPRAfrican Charter on Human and Peoples’ RightsACHRAmerican Convention on Human RightsCEDAWConvention on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination against WomenCNDCommission on Narcotic DrugsCSOCivil society organizationCSWCommission on the Status of WomenLOIList of IssuesLOIPRList of Issues Prior to ReportingNGONon-Governmental OrganizationUNUnited NationsUNODCUnited Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeECHREuropean Convention on Human RightsECOSOCUnited Nations Economic and Social CouncilGRGeneral Recommendation (as in CEDAWGeneral Recommendations)ICCPRInternational Covenant on Civiland Political RightsIWRAWInternational Women’s Rights Action WatchLGBTQ+Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queerand others6ALL THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS, UNLESS OTHERWISENOTED, ARE FROM THE WORLD COALITION’S GENDERAND DEATH PENALTY GLOSSARYGender-based discriminationAny distinction, exclusion, or restriction with res-pect to a person or group of persons, based ongender, that “has the effect or purpose of impai-ring, or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment,or exercise” of human rights of that person orgroup of persons. This includes discriminationbased on gender, gender expression, genderidentity, or perceived gender.Gender-based violenceViolence directed towards a person based ontheir gender, gender expression, gender identity,or perceived gender, which is often grounded inunequal power relations. It encompasses phy-sical, psychological, emotional, administrative,economic, sexual, verbal, and economic harm,and it includes threats and coercion. As mostvictims/survivors of gender-based violence arewomen and girls, the expression “gender-basedviolence” is often utilized to refer to violenceagainst women. However, people of all genderscan be victims of gender-based violence. Theterm is also used to describe violence againstLGBTQ+ people, when referencing violencerelated to norms of masculinity, femininity and/or gender norms.Gender responsive advocacyAdvocacy that recognizes the different needsand inequalities between women, men, boys,girls and people of other genders, and activelyaddresses these inequalities through targetedadvocacy actions to promote gender equalityand inclusion. For abolitionist advocacy, weconsider that this involves recognizing the gen-der biases inherent in the application of capitalpunishment and the specific realities faced bywomen and LGBTQ+ individuals exposed to thedeath penalty, while actively working to combatthese discriminatory acts and, more broadly,to enhance protection and address the needsof these populations. This type of action goesbeyond gender-sensitive actions that merelyacknowledge the specific reality of women andLGBTQ+ people without taking any steps toremedy it.IntersectionalityA concept that refers to the intersection ofdifferent forms of structural discrimination,marginalization, and oppression. It does notsimply refer to the accumulation of multiple dis-criminations but rather to how their interactioncreates specific and distinct forms of oppres-sion. For example, discrimination based on sex,gender, race, class, caste, or another identity,does not operate in isolation. As people may besubjected to one or more types of discriminationat the same time, an intersectional approachallows for a better understanding of the natureand form of discrimination encountered by aperson.LGBTQ+Stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,Queer and other identities not specified. Inthis guide, we use the acronym LGBTQ+ toreflect the current understanding of gen-der-based discrimination in the application ofthe death penalty. So far, analyses have primarilyfocused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,and queer individuals. This includes the impo-sition of the death penalty based on genderidentity or sexual orientation, whether actualor perceived. However, the World Coalitionacknowledges that intersex individuals and othersexual and gender minorities may also face thedeath penalty and encounter specific challen-ges related to their identity, which must betaken into account. Furthermore, throughoutthis guide, references are made to women andLGBTQ+ individuals, while recognizing the inter-section between these categories. The term«woman» thus includes lesbian, bisexual, trans-gender, and queer women. To highlight thespecific forms of discrimination faced by sexualand gender minorities, the guide mentions theseissues separately.7I N T R OForewordUNTIL RECENTLY, THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT FAILEDTO EXAMINE GENDER BIAS IN THE APPLICATION OFCAPITAL PUNISHMENT.The low proportion of women sentenced to death (around 5% on ave-rage) and the lack of data on LGBTQ+ people facing this punishmenthave contributed to making these realities largely invisible. Yet, as AgnèsCallamard, UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or ArbitraryExecutions, pointed out in 2018: “A human rights approach to capital puni-shment cannot be complete without a gender component.”1In 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide (CCDPW)marked an important milestone with the publication of the report Judgedfor More than Her Crime, which offered the first insight into gender discri-mination in the application of capital punishment, revealing that womenface systemic gender discrimination at every stage of the criminal justiceprocess, from arrest and sentencing to detention conditions on death row.By shedding light on a hitherto ignored reality, this report paved the wayfor the abolitionist movement’s collective reflection , continuing with the2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty, which focused on the invisiblereality of women facing the death penalty. This World Day fostered a col-lective commitment to strengthening efforts to integrate a gender-sen-sitive approach into the abolitionist struggle.Building on these advances, since 2022, in collaboration with the CCDPWand The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR), the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty (World Coalition) has been implementing a project thataims to promote an abolitionist struggle that recognizes the gender discri-mination at work in capital punishment. In particular, the project aims tostrengthen the capacities of civil society organizations to include a genderapproach, strengthen links with movements and organizations defending1. Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overviewof Women Facing the Death Penalty (A Report of the Alice Project), September 2018, p. 3, accessible at: https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/judged-more-than-her-crime/8the rights of women and g [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WCADP_GenderGuide_Chap-2_ENG.pdf ) [16] => Array ( [objectID] => 29361 [title] => What are we referring to when we talk about gender discrimination in capital punishment? [timestamp] => 1772755200 [date] => 06/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guide-gender-chapter-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GENDER AND DEATH PENALTY TRAINING MANUAL 1/3What are we referring to when we talk aboutGENDER DISCRIMINATIONin capital punishment?In partnership with:World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyMundo-M, 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, FranceTél. : +33 1 80 87 70 43contact@worldcoalition.orgworldcoalition.org@WCADPworldcoalitionworldcoalitionCornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide260 Myron Taylor Hall | Ithaca, NY 14853, United Statesdeathpenaltyworldwide@cornell.edudeathpenaltyworldwide.orgdeathpenaltywwO C T O B E R2 0 2 5What are we referring towhen we talk aboutgender discriminationat work in capitalpunishment?Guidance on how to abolish the death penaltyby recognizing intersectional discriminationfaced by women and LGBTQ+ people in theapplication of the death penaltyThis manual is part of a series of three manuals developed by the WorldCoalition Against the Death Penalty as part of the “Gender and theDeath Penalty” theme. Each manual addresses a specific aspect ofintegrating a gender-responsive approach into abolitionist initiatives:MANUAL 1What are we referring to when we talk about gender discriminationin capital punishment?MANUAL 2How to implement gender-responsive internationalabolitionist advocacy?MANUAL 3How to integrate a gender-responsive approach into abolitionistefforts at national level?These manuals are designed to provide practical tools for civil societyorganizations engaged in the struggle to abolish the death penalty.By the World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyand the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideAcknowledgementsThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty andthe Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwideare grateful to Méline Szwarcberg, Morine Chauvris,and Grace Miranda from the World Coalition and BaharMirhosseni from the Cornell Center on the DeathPenalty Worldwide, for their substantial contributions.The World Coalition and the Cornell Center onthe Death Penalty Worldwide extend their heartfeltgratitude to the member organizations of the GenderWorking Group of the World Coalition, includingthe following partners, for their invaluable input:Aisyah Humaida,LBH MasyarakatConnie Numbi,Foundation for Human Right Initiative (FHRI)Katie Campbell,ReprieveNathan Madson,The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)Verónica Cadavid González,The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)Sara Kowal,Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)This chapter is mainly drawn from two reports published by the Cornell Center onthe Death Penalty Worldwide: Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overviewof Women Facing the Death Penalty and No One Believed Me: A Global Overviewof Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses. These two reports werecompiled with the contributions of numerous abolitionist organizations fromaround the world, including members of the World Coalition.4SummaryAbbreviations, acronyms & definitions —6—Foreword —9—P A R T 1Understanding the issues surrounding women accused of capital crimes —11—Key figures of women under a death sentence worldwide –12–Facing the death penalty in the margins: how vulnerability shapesthe lives of women sentenced to capital punishment –19–Main crimes for which women are sentenced to death worldwide –28–From arrest to death row: the discriminatory journeyof women facing capital punishment –33–P A R T 2Understanding the issues surrounding LGBTQ+ people accused of capital crimes —40—Discrimination, LGBTQ+ people and the death penalty –42–The use of the death penalty to target LGBTQ+ people –45–5I N T R OAbbreviations,acronyms& definitionsCCDPW: Cornell Center on the DeathPenalty WorldwideCPJP: Capital Punishment Justice ProjectESOHR: European Saudi Organisationfor Human RightsFIACAT: International Federation of ACATsGATE: Global Action for Trans EqualityGBV: Gender-Based ViolenceIHRNGO: Iran Human Rights Non-Governmental OrganizationLGBTQ+: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,Queer and other identitiesTAHR: The Advocates for Human RightsUN: United NationsUSA: United States of America6ALL THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS, UNLESS OTHERWISENOTED, ARE FROM THE WORLD COALITION’S GENDERAND DEATH PENALTY GLOSSARY.GenderRefers to characteristics that society assigns tomen and women, girls and boys, and personsof other genders. It differs from “sex” as gen-der refers to characteristics that are sociallyconstructed rather than determined by phy-sical attributes, varies according to context,and changes over time1. While race and genderare both social constructs, they are both expe-rienced, perceived, and understood in very realways across societies around the world.Gender-based discriminationAny distinction, exclusion, or restriction withrespect to a person or group of persons, basedon gender, that “has the effect or purpose ofimpairing, or nullifying the recognition, enjoy-ment, or exercise” of human rights of that per-son or group of persons. This includes discri-mination based on gender, gender expression,gender identity, or perceived gender.Gender-based violenceViolence directed towards a person basedon their gender, gender expression, genderidentity, or perceived gender, which is oftengrounded in unequal power relationships. Itencompasses physical, psychological, emotio-nal, administrative, economic, sexual, verbal,and economic harm, and it includes threatsand coercion. As most victims/survivors ofgender-based violence are women and gir-ls, the expression “gender-based violence” isoften utilized to refer to violence against wo-men. However, all genders can be subject togender-based violence. The term is also usedto describe violence against LGBTQ+ people,when referencing violence related to norms ofmasculinity/femininity and/or gender norms.Gender justiceRefers to the full realization of equality andfairness between people of all genders, addres-sing systemic discrimination, power imbalances,and the specific needs and experiences of margi-nalized groups. It involves ensuring equal rights,access to resources, and participation, whileredressing historical and structural inequalitiesthrough transformative measures. Gender jus-tice is intersectional in scope, and for example,inclusive of racial and economic justice.Gender responsive advocacyAdvocacy that recognizes the different needsand inequalities between women, men, boys,girls and people of other genders, and activelyaddresses these inequalities through targetedadvocacy actions to promote gender equalityand inclusion. For abolitionist advocacy, weconsider that this involves recognizing the gen-der biases inherent in the application of capitalpunishment and the specific realities faced bywomen and LGBTQ+ individuals exposed tothe death penalty, while actively working tocombat these discriminatory acts and, morebroadly, to enhance protection and addressthe needs of these populations. This type of ac-tion goes beyond gender-sensitive actions thatmerely acknowledge the specific reality of wo-men and LGBTQ+ people without taking anysteps to remedy it.IntersectionalityA concept that refers to the intersection ofdifferent forms of structural discrimination,marginalization, and oppression. It does notsimply refer to the accumulation of multiplediscriminations but rather to how their interac-tion creates specific and distinct forms ofopression. For example, discrimination basedon sex, gender, race, class, caste, or anotheridentity, does not operate in isolation. Aspeople may be subjected to one or more typesof discrimination at the same time, an intersec-tional approach allows for a better understan-ding of the nature and form of discriminationencountered by a person7LGBTQ+Stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,Queer and other identities not specified. Inthis guide, we use the acronym LGBTQ+ toreflect the current understanding of gender-based discrimination in the application ofthe death penalty. So far, analyses have primrilyfocused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,and queer individuals. This includes the imposi-tion of the death penalty based on genderidentity or sexual orientation, whether actualor perceived. However, the World Coalitionacknowledges that intersex individuals andother sexual and gender minorities may alsoface the death penalty and encounter speci-fic challenges related to their identity, whichmust be taken into account. Furthermore,throughout this guide, references are made towomen and LGBTQ+ individuals, while reco-gnizing the intersection between these cate-gories. The term «woman» thus includes les-bian, bisexual, transgender, and queer women.To highlight the specific forms of discrimina-tion faced by sexual and gender minorities, theguide mentions these issues separately.Racial discriminationAny distinction, exclusion, restriction or prefe-rence based on race, color, descent, or natio-nal or ethnic origin which has the purpose oreffect to nullify or to impair the recognition,enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, ofhuman rights and fundamental freedoms in thepolitical, economic, social, cultural or any otherfield of public life3. We note that racial discri-mination is often perpetuated in a context ofsystematic and historical injustices and unequalpower relationships in society.XenophobiaDescribes attitudes, prejudices and behaviorthat reject, exclude and often vilify persons,based on the perception that they are outsidersor foreigners to the community, society or na-tional identity4.1. This definition is inspired by the work of Kimberlé Crenshaw, who first theorized intersectionality in her semi-nal articles: Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of AntidiscriminationDoctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989. Available at : https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf and Mapping the Margins:Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color, Stanford Law Review, 1991. Available at :https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/critique1313/ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WCADP_GenderGuide_Chap-1_EN.pdf ) [17] => Array ( [objectID] => 29281 [title] => Necropolitics and state-sponsored drug violence: the death penalty for drug offences in Indonesia [timestamp] => 1771545600 [date] => 20/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/necropolitics-and-state-sponsored-drug-violence-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Necropolitics and state-sponsored drug violence: the death penalty for drugoffences in IndonesiaLucy Harry a,b , Carolyn Hoyle b,*a Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada b Death Penalty Research Unit, Centre for Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UL, United KingdomARTICLE INFOKeywords:Death penaltyDrug-related violenceDrug traffickingSoutheast AsiaNecropoliticsABSTRACTBackground: Much of the literature on drug-related violence focuses on the Americas, its applicability to otherregions of the world unobvious (Liem and Moeller, 2025). Focusing on the death penalty for drug offences inIndonesia – with findings generalisable to other Southeast Asian jurisdictions – we find that, while contemporarytheories focus on the violence within drug markets, here the violence is unidirectional: from the state to civilians.Methods: We apply a necropolitical theoretical framework (Mbembe, 2003) to data from interviews and focusgroups with high level judges (8 participants), prosecutors (32), narcotics police (8) and other police officers (6)in Jakarta, Indonesia from 2023 to 2024.Results: Our data reveal three key features of the necropolitical theoretical framework:1). State of exception and siege: our participants harnessed the language of a ‘drugs emergency’ in Indonesia,with concerns about invasion, a foreign ‘insurgency’ of drugs, justifying the most punitive criminal justiceresponse.2). Annihilation for preservation: judicial and extrajudicial executions of drug traffickers are justified for theprotection of current and future generations from the scourge of drugs.3). Racism in post-colonial practice: executions for drug offences have been disproportionately directed atforeign nationals.Conclusion: This paper invites the reader to zoom out from the typical focus on violence within the drug trade toconsider punishment – judicial and extrajudicial – as a form of state-sponsored, necropolitical violence, part ofthe continuum of ‘drug-related violence’ rather than simply a matter of penal policy.IntroductionFormer Indonesian President Joko ‘Jokowi’ Widodo publicly proclaimed in 2017: ‘I have told you, just be firm, especially with foreigndrug dealers who enter the country and resist [upon arrest]. Gun themdown. Give no mercy’ (Halim, 2017). That year, the Indonesian humanrights organisation, Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat (LBHM)recorded 159 cases of police shootings in relation to potential drug offences, with 199 victims, of whom 68 were killed (Harm Reduction International, 2024). What is more, during his presidency, Jokowioversaw the judicial execution of 18 people, all for drug trafficking, 15of whom were foreign nationals. Judicial executions (not extra-judicialkillings) are the subject of this article, though in Southeast Asia thereis considerable overlap between the two (Lasco, 2020).Capital punishment scholar, Dudai (2023) writes that ‘[t]he globaldeath penalty is arguably a coherent part of a contemporary landscapeof violence, suffering and injustices, part of what Mbembe (2003)termed “necropolitics”: the range of policies that give the sovereign thepower to determine whose lives are expendable (and of which the deathpenalty is only one)’ (143). Utilising a criminological approach, here weadopt the theoretical lens of necropolitics to analyse data from interviews and focus groups with high level judges (8), prosecutors (32),narcotics police (8) and other police officers (6) in Jakarta from 2023 to2024 to present two key arguments. First, to show that drug violence inSoutheast Asia – unlike in other parts of the world which have been thefocus of much scholarship on drug markets – is mainly perpetrated bythe state against its citizens, rather than within and between drugtrading communities. Second, in developing this theme, it will be arguedthat the death penalty for drug offences in Southeast Asia (concentratingon the case-study of Indonesia) should rightfully be conceived of as a* Corresponding author at: University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.E-mail address: carolyn.hoyle@crim.ox.ac.uk (C. Hoyle).Contents lists available at ScienceDirectInternational Journal of Drug Policyjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/drugpohttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105157International Journal of Drug Policy 149 (2026) 105157Available online 28 January 20260955-3959/© 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).form of state-sponsored, necropolitical violence, and as such, should becategorised as part of the continuum of ‘drug-related violence’.Literature reviewThe International Narcotics Control Board (2003) characterisedviolence associated with drug abuse as follows: ‘There are forms of crimeand violence associated with international cartels, there is violent crimeperpetrated by or against individual drug abusers [sic] and there areinnocent individuals who are caught in the crossfire of violent drugcultures’ (1). This definition has no room for states perpetrating violenceagainst those involved, or suspected to be involved, in the illicit drugtrade. Similarly, recent research on violence associated with illicit drugmarkets (Andreas & Wallman, 2009), which has proliferated since the1980s, following the advent of crack cocaine in the United States (US),has focused on violence associated with the production, distribution andconsumption of drugs), with no mention of violence at the hands of thestate.The extant research focuses on the ‘Americas’, particularly LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, finding that over the past decades large,well-equipped rival drug cartels have attacked each other - with violencea clear consequence of fragmentation and cooperation within and between criminal enterprises (Atuesta & Perez-Davila, 2018) - as well asthe state, following efforts to crackdown on drug production and distribution (Lessing, 2017; Dell, 2015; Andreas & Wallman, 2009:226;Reuter, 2009). Scholars now suggest we need to shift our empirical gazefrom the West, and the Americas in particular:‘[to] include data from countries from the Global South …. Includingthese countries in empirical work will likely unveil the multifacetedsocio-economic dynamics, historical legacies, and geopolitical factors driving drug-related violence’ (Liem & Moeller, 2025:83).The argument seems to be that shifting attention to under-researchedjurisdictions in the Global South will provide further empirical supportfor the assumption that violence happens within drug trading communities rather than to them.Drug-related violence in Southeast AsiaStudies have found that ‘violence seems to be less inherent inSoutheast Asia’s drug trade than is the case in …. other places wherenarcotics … are actively grown and sold’ (Tagliacozzo, 2009:249), withlittle evidence of sustained inter-cartel warfare in the region (Meehan &Dan, 2023). Indeed, at just 2.3 homicides per 100,000 population, Asiahas a low homicide rate compared to 15 per 100,000 in the Americas,where the expansion of the transnational drug trade has increasedviolence across Latin America and the Caribbean (United Nations Officeon Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2023). Across East and Southeast Asia,the drug trade tends to be highly fragmented with mutually isolatedgroups of local entrepreneurs performing small tasks within networksand relationships motivated by trust, rather than coercion (Chin &Zhang, 2015). Therefore, ‘Unlike their counterparts in Latin America,who are extremely violent and often involved in drug-related homicides,Vietnamese drug trafficking groups consist mostly of minor businesseswho take all possible precautions to limit investigation by andconfrontation with [Law Enforcement Agencies] or each other’ (Luong,2020:91). Thailand’s drug markets too are ‘essentially non-violent’(Windle, 2016:10).In contrast with the Americas, in Southeast Asia, scholarship ondrug-related violence is focused on the violence of state actors againstcivilians (Reyes, 2016). Counter-narcotics operations in numerouscountries in the region have led to extrajudicial arrests and killings(United Nations Human Rights Committee, 2005). A stark example isprovided by the Philippines, where former President Duterte’s War onDrugs led to the extrajudicial killings of thousands of civilians (Ratcliffe,2025; Reyes, 2016; Johnson & Fernquest, 2018). At the time of writing,Duterte is facing trial at the International Criminal Court for crimesagainst humanity having presided over a deadly war on illicit drugs,with reports suggesting that >6000 suspects were killed by police orunknown assailants throughout his leadership, from 2016 to 2022, withfurther deaths occurring prior to this, during his time as Mayor of Davaocity (Guinto & Head, 2025). The Philippines is but the worst example;brutal and uncompromising ‘wars on drugs’ have been prevalent acrossSouth and Southeast Asia, including in Thailand in 2003 (Hasson &Hoyle, 2024) and Bangladesh in 2018 (Kenny, 2019; Lasco, 2020).Turning to Indonesia: soon after he became president, Jokowideclared, in December 2014, that his government would empty deathrow of its (then) 64 prisoners convicted for drug offences to tackle the‘drugs emergency’ (McRae, 2017). The state promptly executed 14 suchprisoners within six months. While only another four executions followed, in 2016, illegal state killings gathered pace. The Indonesianhuman rights monitor, KontraS estimated that the police and NationalNarcotics Agency (BNN) officers fatally shot 106 drugs suspects betweenSeptember 2016 and September 2017, with many such killings since,coinciding with further punitive rhetoric from the president. In analarmingly graphic statement, the then head of BNN was reported tohave said drug criminals should be ‘cut up and fed to crocodiles’ (McRae,2017). These fatal shootings, and their threat, allowed the governmentto [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395926000095 ) [18] => Array ( [objectID] => 29259 [title] => Calling Urgent Attention to Proposals for the Death Penalty in Israel [timestamp] => 1771200000 [date] => 16/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-urgent-attention-to-proposals-for-the-death-penalty-in-israel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/statment-israel-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is alarmed by the content of two bills that are presently before Israel’s Knesset, in which it is proposed to expand the scope of the death penalty for terrorism offences, and permit resort to the death penalty in ad hoc military courts for trials related to the […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is alarmed by the content of two bills that are presently before Israel’s Knesset, in which it is proposed to expand the scope of the death penalty for terrorism offences, and permit resort to the death penalty in ad hoc military courts for trials related to the attacks of 7 October 2023. (more…) "Calling Urgent Attention to Proposals for the Death Penalty in Israel" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Israel ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [19] => Array ( [objectID] => 29250 [title] => Death Penalty in India – Annual statistics report 2025 & 10 Years of Death Penalty Data (2016-2025) [timestamp] => 1770336000 [date] => 06/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2025-10-years-of-death-penalty-data-2016-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => DEATH PENALTY IN INDIAANNUAL STATISTICS REPORT 202520& 10 Years of Death Penalty Data (2016-2025)25DEATH PENALTY IN INDIAANNUAL STATISTICS REPORT 2025& 10 Years of Death Penalty Data (2016-2025)Supervision and WritingMaitreyi MisraData Analysis and Writing AssistanceAnkita Talukdar & Aparna BhatnagarData FellowBharat A. RamanaDesignDiagrammerPublished byThe Square Circle ClinicNALSAR University of Law, HyderabadISBN978-81-993138-0-4February 2026Varsha Sharma1997-2025Your kindness and optimismwere without parallelWe will forever feel your absenceThe world is dimmer without youTable ofContentsPART IGlossary ........................iForeword ......................1Overview .....................3Death Penaltyin 2025Sessions Courts in 2025 .....................................8Persons sentenced to death across states andoffences ..................................................................10Compliance with constitutional safeguards atsentencing ...............................................................11High Courts in 2025 ...........................................13Acquittals ................................................................15Confirmations .........................................................21Commutations .......................................................23Remand ..................................................................39Disposal and pendency in High Courts .................40Supreme Court in 2025 .....................................42Acquittals ...............................................................44Confirmations .......................................................48Commutations........................................................49Remand ..................................................................51Disposal and pendency at the Supreme Courtin 2025 ...................................................................52Domestic and International Developmentson the Death Penalty ................................53Domestic developments .............................54International developments .........................58PART II Conclusion ..............109Corrections toAnnual StatisticsReport 2024 ............113The Journey Until Now:10 Year AnalysisIntroduction ...........................................................59Persons on Death Row as of 31.12.2025 ..............65Annual Death Row Population (2016-2025) ........67Appellate Court Outcomes in Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts (2016-2025) ..........68Sessions Court ......................................................70Number of persons sentenced to death bySessions Courts .....................................................71Death sentence imposed by Sessions Courtsacross nature of offences .......................................71Distribution of death sentences across states ......73Compliance with constitutional standards(2023-2025) ...........................................................74High Courts ...........................................................78Acquittals ...............................................................80Confirmations.........................................................83Commutations........................................................85Supreme Court .....................................................92Supreme Court outcomes ....................................93Acquittals ...............................................................97Confirmations ........................................................99Commutations.......................................................100Mercy Petitions ...................................................103Judicial Developments (2016-2025)...................106i ANNUAL STATISTICS 2025BNSSBharatiya Nagarik SurakshaSanhita, 2023BNSBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023BSABharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023CrPCCriminal Procedure Code, 1973DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid, whichrefers to the genetic materialpresent in human cells, commonlyrecovered from biological tracessuch as blood, semen, saliva, hairroots, and skin cells.Fixed term sentencesexcluding remissionLife imprisonment sentences thatexclude the state’s power to grantremission for a fixed term. Thesekinds of sentences are oftenimposed by appellate Courts whencommuting death sentences. Seealso LWOR.FSLForensic Science LaboratoryIEAIndian Evidence Act, 1872IPCIndian Penal Code, 1860Life imprisonment excludingremission for the rest of natural lifeSentences imposed by courtswhen commuting death sentencesand which exclude the state’spowers to grant remission for theremainder of a prisoner’s naturallife. In this report, we havecategorised sentences asexcluding remission for the rest of aperson’s natural life when courtshave explicitly excluded remission.There are however instances whereCourts have not explicitly statedthat remission is excluded and haveinstead used phrases like lifeimprisonment ‘until the last breath’or ‘till the end of his lifespan’. Fornow and until further clarity isprovided by Courts, we havecategorised them as lifeimprisonment sentences excludingremission for the rest of natural life.See also LWOR.Life imprisonment simpliciterPunishment of life imprisonmentwhere the state’s powers to grantremission are not excluded. UnderS.4, BNS (S.53, IPC)),“imprisonment for life” meansimprisonment for the remainder ofone’s natural life, but where thepower of the state to grantremission is not excluded. In such acase, imprisonment may be eitherrigorous or simple. For thepurposes of this report, “lifeimprisonment” is treated as lifeimprisonment simpliciter unless thejudgment explicitly states thatremission is excluded.LWORLife imprisonment without thepossibility of release. Suchpunishments exclude the state’s powerto grant remission, either for a fixedterm or for the rest of a person’s naturallife. See also Remission.MIRMitigation Investigation ReportMurder simpliciterPunishable under S.103, BNS (S.302,IPC). This category refers to an offence ofmurder which is not accompanied withany other serious offence such as sexualviolence, kidnapping or dacoity.NDPS ActNarcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances Act, 1985PILPublic Interest LitigationPOCSO ActProtection of Children from SexualOffences Act, 2012RemandUnder S.427 (b)(i), BNSS (S. 386 (b)(i),CrPC), appellate courts have the power tosend a case back to be re-tried by thecourt of competent jurisdiction and whichis subordinate to such Appellate Court.RemissionUnder Ss.473 and 475, BNSS (Ss.432 and433, CrPC) the state or central governmenthas the power to reduce the length of thesentence without changing its nature. Thisdoes not alter the original sentence butshortens the time to be served, allowing thepossibility of earlier release if the personmeets the prescribed conditions.SLPSpecial Leave Petition. In cases wherethe death penalty has been confirmedby the High Court, the appeal to theSupreme Court is not automatic. Theaccused has to file a Special LeavePetition under Article 136 of theConstitution, which has to be admitted bythe Court.The Court can dismiss SpecialLeave Petitions at the threshold withoutreasons. If the Petition is admitted it isconverted to a Criminal Appeal.GlossaryANNUAL STATISTICS 2025 1FOREWORDThis 2025 edition marks the 10th year of the DeathPenalty in India: Annual Statistics Report. We startedout with a modest ambition: to bring within reachinformation on the death penalty which may havebeen publicly available but was neither accessiblenor consolidated in any meaningful way.We are proud of what we’ve been able to achievein the past 10 years of data collection, analysis anddissemination on the death penalty, all of which westarted when we were Project 39A, National LawUniversity Delhi. From 31st March, 2025 we createda new home at The Square Circle Clinic, NALSARUniversity of Law, Hyderabad. We look forward tothis next phase of the Annual Statistics where wewill continue to build on our efforts to put out dataon the death penalty in India which is ascomprehensive as possible.It is almost impossible to state with any kindof certainty the number of death sentenceshanded out in any given year or even know theexact number of prisoners under the sentenceof death at any given point. - Foreword, Death Penalty in India:Annual Statistics Report, 2016Our original mission was to plug this gap. Over theyears the impossibility identified in 2016 may havebecome easier to navigate, but it hasn’tdisappeared. Absent any other publicly available andcomprehensive data on the death penalty, we stillgather our data by scraping information utilising thesame resources as before. News reports, and ecourts websites including those of individual HighCourts and the Supreme Court remain our mostcommon sources of information.However, robust data scraping and cross checkingcan only assure data accuracy where data isavailable. Sometimes data is simply not available oris available belatedly. In a country as diverse as oursalong multiple axes of religion, caste, culture andlanguage, administrative divergence almost loses itsplace and importance. Often, we have foundourselves faced with a data deficit becausejudgements are not always available publicly. Forinstance, states non-uniformly follow different ruleswith respect to making judgements available incases under the POCSO Act. As a result, withrespect to states which do not make judgmentsunder the POCSO Act publicly available, littleinformation regarding the case is available withwhich we can compute data for our purposes. We,therefore, have to simply wait until the judgement ismade available or the High Court judgement at theconfirmation stage gives us the requisite details. Weoften face a similar barrier with language. We havevery often had to wait for data entry and analysiswhile judgements are translated into English inorder for us to analyse them along some of theparameters that we need. Data collection andanalysis, in such contexts, is a pursuit requiringmuch forbea [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://thesquarecircleclinic.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/final-annual-stats.pdf ) [20] => Array ( [objectID] => 29248 [title] => Alternatives to the death penalty [timestamp] => 1770336000 [date] => 06/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/alternatives-to-the-death-penalty-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Alternatives tothe death penaltyInformation packUpdated edition (2025)Alternatives to the death penalty information pack(Third edition 2025)This document is published by Penal Reform Internationaland the Life Imprisonment Worldwide project.This document has been produced with the financialassistance of the European Union. The contents of thisdocument are the sole responsibility of PRI and theLife Imprisonment Worldwide project and can underno circumstances be regarded as reflecting the positionof the European Union.Much of the research that underpins this publicationwas carried out by Zinat Jimada, Dr Catherine Appletonand Emeritus Professor Dirk van Zyl Smit of the LifeImprisonment Worldwide Project.Due credit must be given to this publication. The full citationfor this publication is as follows: Penal Reform International,Jimada, Z., Appleton, C. and van Zyl Smit, D. (2025)Alternatives to the Death Penalty Information Pack. London:Penal Reform International.This publication may be freely reviewed, abstracted,reproduced, and translated, in part or in whole, but not forsale, or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes.Any changes to the text of this publication must beapproved by Penal Reform International.Translating or reproducing this publication in itsentirety must be approved by PRI; please contactpublications@penalreform.org.Penal Reform Internationalwww.penalreform.orgZinat JimadaInstitute for Crime & Justice Policy Research,Birkbeck University of London, UKCatherine AppletonCentre for Research and Education in Security, Prisonsand Forensic Psychiatry, St Olav's University Hospital,Trondheim, and Institute of Law, Lithuanian Centrefor Social Sciences.Dirk van Zyl SmitUniversity of Nottingham, UK and University of Cape Town,South AfricaPublished in December 2025© 2025 Penal Reform International / The Life ImprisonmentWorldwide projectCover photo by Cory Wright.Graphic design by Alex Valy.Alternatives to the death penalty information packContentsAcronyms 04The declining use of the death penalty 05Alternatives to the death penalty: a review of current practices 08Fixed-term sentences 08Life imprisonment 08The prevalence of life and long-term imprisonment 20The increasing use of life imprisonment 20Life and long-term imprisonment and specific populations 24Children 24Women 26Older persons 27People with mental health conditions 28Foreign nationals 29The impact of life and long-term imprisonment 30Implementing life and long-term imprisonment:a human rights-consistent framework 31Limits to life and long-term imprisonment 31Treatment of people serving life and long-term sentences 32Rehabilitation and social reintegration of life and long-term prisoners 34Release from life and long-term imprisonment 34Steps toward alternative sanctions to the death penalty 38Penal Reform International 03Alternatives to the death penalty information packAcronymsBangkok Rules UN Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodialMeasures for Women OffendersCoE Council of EuropeCPT Council of Europe Committee for the Prevention of TortureCRC Convention on the Rights of the ChildECHR European Convention on Human RightsECOSOC UN Economic and Social CouncilECtHR European Court of Human RightsGA General Assembly (of the United Nations)ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsLWOP Life imprisonment without the possibility of paroleLWP Life imprisonment with the possibility of paroleNPM National Preventive MechanismNMR Nelson Mandela Rules (revised UN Standard Minimum Rulesfor the Treatment of Prisoners)OPCAT Optional Protocol to the Convention Against TorturePRI Penal Reform InternationalSPT UN Subcommittee on Prevention of TortureTB TuberculosisUDHR Universal Declaration of Human RightsUK United KingdomUN United NationsUS United States of AmericaWHO World Health Organization04 Penal Reform InternationalAlternatives to the death penalty information packThe declining useof the death penalty1. Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions 2024, UK, 2014, p. 42, www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/8976/2025/en.2. ‘HC Türk Remarks to Biennial High-Level Panel Discussion on the Death Penalty’, UN Statements and Speeches, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,25 February 2025, www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2025/02/hc-turk-remarks-biennial-high-level-panel-discussion-death-penalty.3. The figures do not include thousands of people believed to have been executed in China, the world’s leading executioner in 2024; North Korea and Viet Nam, countriesbelieved to continue to carry out executions but where information on this is not available; and Palestine and Syria due to ongoing crises (Death sentences andexecutions 2024, pp. 8 & 9).4. Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions 2024, UK, 2014, p. 7–10, www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/8976/2025/en.5. ‘HC Türk Remarks to Biennial High-Level Panel Discussion on the Death Penalty’, UN Statements and Speeches, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,25 February 2025, www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2025/02/hc-turk-remarks-biennial-high-level-panel-discussion-death-penalty.Abolition of the death penalty is gainingmomentum worldwideOver the last 50 years, there has been a clear globaltrend towards the abolition of the death penalty anda significant restriction in its use. As of 31 December2024, 113 countries have abolished the death penaltyentirely, both in law and in practice.1 Many others haveimplemented moratoriums or limited its application,such as reserving it for exceptional crimes undermilitary law or in exceptional circumstances.Support for worldwide abolition continues to grow at theinternational level. In December 2024, a record 129 UNmember states voted in favour of the annual resolutioncalling for a moratorium on the death penalty.2 Thisreflects increasing momentum towards the globalrejection of capital punishment as a lawful sanction.While the number of known executions has risen inrecent years, up 32 per cent from 1,153 in 2023 to 1,518 in2024, the number of countries carrying out executionshas declined, reaching a record low of 15 countries in2024.3 Today, only 54 countries retain the death penaltyfor ordinary crimes.4As states follow this global trend towards abolition,they need to consider how to operate without capitalpunishment. This updated information pack providesan overview of sanctions and practices used globallyas alternatives to capital punishment. It offers guidanceon implementing these alternatives in line withprevailing international and regional human rights andpenal standards, and concludes with 12 practical stepstowards fairer, more effective alternatives to the deathpenalty. As many of these alternative sanctions are alsoused by states that retain the death penalty, this pack isrelevant to both abolitionist and retentionist countries.The death penalty is a practicethat should have no place in the21st century. While a number ofcountries argue that it lies withintheir national sovereignty, from myperspective, it is incompatible withhuman dignity and the right to life.The United Nations, as a matter ofpolicy, opposes it in all its forms.5Volker Türk, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2022–)Principles for selecting alternativesanctions to the death penaltyOffences that attract the death penalty are typicallyamong the most serious crimes, often provoking strongpublic reactions and political pressure for severepunishment. Following abolition or the introductionof a moratorium, many states have turned to lifeimprisonment as the default alternative, sometimesin its most severe form – life imprisonment withoutthe possibility of parole (LWOP). This response isfrequently motivated by a so-called ‘tough on crime’stance intended to assuage public concern, rather thanby a careful, evidence-based assessment of whetherthe alternative sanction is necessary, proportionate,just, or compatible with international humanrights standards.It is often assumed that sparing the life of a convictedperson is a sufficient benefit. Yet this view fails toengage with the fundamental principle of humanPenal Reform International 05Alternatives to the death penalty information packdignity and the rehabilitative purpose of imprisonment.It also overlooks the ‘right to hope’ – the principlethat people in prison should always retain a genuineprospect of release and reintegration into society. (See‘Implementing life and long-term sentences: a humanrights-consistent framework’ page 31).States replacing the death penalty may also fail to fullyexplore the range of available alternative sentencingoptions. Punishment imposed arbitrarily, or basedsolely on punitive grounds, may be incompatible withstates’ responsibilities towards their citizens and theirobligations under international law. The impositionof disproportionately severe, excessively lengthy,or lifelong sentences can furthermore normaliseexcessive penalties and, in turn, contribute to broadersentence inflation.6Courts face one of their most demandingresponsibilities when sentencing individuals convictedof the most heinous crimes. While penalties mustreflect society’s need for denunciation, they mustequally uphold fundamental human rights principles.The replacement of the death penalty should not entailsubstituting one irreversible and excessive punishmentwith another. Rather, it should involve developing aflexible and humane system of imprisonment, groundedin judicial discretion and guided by the full spectrumof penal objectives – denunciation, deterrence,incapacitation, retribution, restoration for victims,and rehabilitation – with the primary aim of protectingsociety from crime and reducing recidivism.> States should adhere to international human rightsand penal norms and standards when establishingalternative sanctions to the death penalty.Alternative sanctions to the death penalty must con [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://cdn.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PRI_Alternatives-to-death-penalty-2025_ENG.pdf ) [21] => Array ( [objectID] => 29244 [title] => Saudi Arabia 2025: The Death Penalty Rules [timestamp] => 1770336000 [date] => 06/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/saudi-arabia-2025-the-death-penalty-rules/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => "Through this annual report, the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) provides a comprehensive analysis of execution figures in 2025, documents the cases behind the numbers, and sheds light on the grave violations that accompanied arrest, trial, and execution, as part of its ongoing efforts to expose the reality of capital punishment in Saudi Arabia." [texte] => 2 February، 2026IntroductionOver the past decade, the death penalty in Saudi Arabia has followed an escalating and increasingly brutal trajectory, revealing the reality of state practices long concealed behind reformist rhetoric, official assurances, and carefully curated narratives of openness. In 2025, this reality once again manifested with devastating clarity, as executions claimed the lives of juveniles in flagrant defiance of international legal standards, public appeals, diplomatic interventions, and the Kingdom’s own declared commitments to human rights protection. These practices demonstrate a sustained disregard for Saudi Arabia’s international obligations and for the fundamental right to life. Image-polishing campaigns and narratives of reform have provided no protection from the executioner’s blade—not even for those who spent years on death row, trapped between official promises and deliberate delays, awaiting justice that never materialised.Since 2015, the use of the death penalty has increasingly reflected the political direction of the Saudi state. Official discourse centred on “unprecedented reforms” has coincided with a steady expansion in the scope and application of capital punishment. From mass executions, to the introduction of new offences punishable by death, to the systematic targeting of the most vulnerable groups—who now constitute the majority of those executed—this policy has become unmistakably clear. In 2025, as Saudi Arabia shattered its execution record for the second consecutive year, resumed the execution of juveniles, executed a journalist, and manipulated the fate of detainees through cycles of delay and reprieve, the death penalty emerged as an exposed and undeniable emblem of state practice.Through this annual report, the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) provides a comprehensive analysis of execution figures in 2025, documents the cases behind the numbers, and sheds light on the grave violations that accompanied arrest, trial, and execution, as part of its ongoing efforts to expose the reality of capital punishment in Saudi Arabia.The NumbersFive women were executed in 2025. These cases included one conviction related to kidnapping and sorcery, two Saudi women convicted of murder, and two women executed for drug-related offences—one Nigerian and one Afghan national. Saudi Arabia resumed executions of women for drug offences in 2019 following the execution of a Nigerian woman. Although public information on these cases remains limited, credible indicators raise serious concerns that some of these women may have been victims of human trafficking.Five women were executed in 2025. These cases included one conviction related to kidnapping and sorcery, two Saudi women convicted of murder, and two women executed for drug-related offences—one Nigerian and one Afghan national. Saudi Arabia resumed executions of women for drug offences in 2019 following the execution of a Nigerian woman. Although public information on these cases remains limited, credible indicators raise serious concerns that some of these women may have been victims of human trafficking.Five women were executed in 2025. These cases included one conviction related to kidnapping and sorcery, two Saudi women convicted of murder, and two women executed for drug-related offences—one Nigerian and one Afghan national. Saudi Arabia resumed executions of women for drug offences in 2019 following the execution of a Nigerian woman. Although public information on these cases remains limited, credible indicators raise serious concerns that some of these women may have been victims of human trafficking.Available data indicate that the majority of executions were carried out in drug-related cases, totalling 240 executions, in clear violation of the principle under international law that restricts the death penalty to the “most serious crimes,” defined as intentional killing. Political executions accounted for 45 cases, 75% of which did not involve any charge of murder, according to Ministry of Interior statements. By contrast, 60 executions were carried out in murder cases, alongside a smaller number of cases involving armed robbery, kidnapping, sorcery, and alleged gang formation.JuvenilesIn 2025, Saudi Arabia resumed the execution of juveniles, in blatant violation of its previous official commitments, including the Juvenile Law and a royal decree that authorities had claimed halted discretionary death sentences for individuals who were under 18 at the time of the alleged offence. Prior to this, the execution of juvenile Mustafa al-Darwish in June 2021 was the last such case documented by ESOHR.These executions were accompanied by severe violations, including the failure to notify families in advance of execution dates, the denial of the right to a final farewell, and the refusal to return bodies or disclose burial locations. In several cases, families learned of the executions only through unofficial sources.The executions were carried out despite explicit legal opinions issued by UN experts, including the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, which confirmed that the detention of these juveniles was arbitrary and that their continued detention and sentencing constituted an unlawful deprivation of the right to life.On 21 August 2025, Saudi Arabia announced the execution of juvenile Jalal Labad following a trial that failed to meet the most basic standards of fairness and relied on confessions extracted under torture, in clear violation of the Convention against Torture. While the Ministry of Interior claimed that Labad faced a murder charge, ESOHR’s documentation, based on court records, confirms that he was not charged with direct murder. Labad was arrested on 23 February 2017 during a raid on his home in al-Awamiya without an arrest warrant. He was subjected to nearly nine and a half months of solitary confinement, denied access to legal counsel, and tortured repeatedly. He was not brought before the Specialized Criminal Court until more than two years after his arrest. Charges against him included participation in demonstrations at the age of 15, attending funerals, and allegedly sheltering “wanted persons.”On 20 October 2025, Saudi Arabia executed juvenile Abdullah al-Darazi. He was arrested at the age of 18 for charges related to acts committed during childhood that did not constitute “most serious crimes.” He was held in solitary confinement for six months, subjected to physical and psychological torture to extract confessions, and forcibly disappeared during the first three months of his detention. Despite informing the court that his confessions had been obtained under torture and in the absence of legal assistance, the court issued a discretionary death sentence without presenting any material evidence.Drug-Related ExecutionsDrug-related executions more than doubled in 2025 compared to 2024, which recorded 122 such cases. During 2025, the Saudi Press Agency published 222 execution announcements related to drug offences, including 100 cases involving cannabis trafficking, receipt, or distribution—a charge for which death sentences began to be implemented only in the previous year. Thirty-nine of these cases involved Somali nationals, all detained in Najran Prison.Non-Saudis accounted for 81% of all drug-related executions. Saudi Arabia resumed executions for drug offences in May 2024 after a nine-month suspension, following a pattern of repeated pauses, including one that lasted nearly two years between January 2020 and November 2021. These cycles of suspension and resumption have constituted a form of severe psychological torture for prisoners and their families.Since 2024, ESOHR has monitored the cases of 34 Egyptian nationals facing execution in Tabuk Prison and documented a consistent pattern of grave violations. On 18 February 2025, several detainees began a hunger strike to protest restrictions on communication with their families, severely limited phone access, and degrading treatment during transfers to the prison clinic, including being forced to walk barefoot while shackled. As a result, some detainees refrained from seeking medical care despite serious illnesses.On 14 April 2025, following the suspension during Ramadan and Eid, authorities resumed executions by executing a Sudanese detainee who was reportedly woken from sleep and taken directly to the execution site. Subsequently, executions in Tabuk were halted for 50 days between June and August, creating false hope among families that sentences would be commuted. In July, families were informed that cases were under review by order of the Crown Prince, and a representative of the Saudi Human Rights Commission visited the prison. Families were later pressured not to raise the cases publicly or with human rights mechanisms.On 15 September 2025, Saudi Arabia executed four Egyptian nationals despite the submission of legal petitions for reconsideration, which should have legally suspended executions pending adjudication. On 16 December 2025, Egyptian national Essam al-Shazly was executed in Tabuk Prison while his family awaited a Supreme Court decision on a submitted appeal. The family later learned that the appeal had been rejected only one day prior to the execution. By the end of 2025, Saudi Arabia had executed 24 Egyptian nationals, while ten others remained on death row in Tabuk Prison.In all documented cases, families were not notified in advance of execution dates, were denied the right to a final farewell, and were refused the return of bodies for burial.Freedom of Expression CasesOn 14 June 2025, the Saudi Ministry of Interior announced the execution of journalist Turki al-Jasser, who was accused of “treason”—a vague and expansive charge increasingly used in recent years. His execution marks the first documented execution of a journalist in Saudi Arabia and raises grave concerns for the fate of dozens of forcibly disappeared in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/en/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-2025-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85/ ) [22] => Array ( [objectID] => 29237 [title] => Flawed Framework, Fatal Discretion: Unraveling Implicit Bias in Capital Punishment Decisions [timestamp] => 1769126400 [date] => 23/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/flawed-framework-fatal-discretion-unraveling-implicit-bias-in-capital-punishment-decisions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5098&context=caselrev ) [23] => Array ( [objectID] => 29235 [title] => The Deserving: What the Lives of the Condemned Reveal about American Justice [timestamp] => 1769126400 [date] => 23/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-deserving-what-the-lives-of-the-condemned-reveal-about-american-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://advancechange.org/blog/the-deserving-is-out-today/ ) [24] => Array ( [objectID] => 29129 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2025: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2025-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2025-FINAL-FOR-PUBLICATION.pdf ) [25] => Array ( [objectID] => 29127 [title] => A village of graves: Widespread and systematic drug executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-village-of-graves-widespread-and-systematic-drug-executions-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/A_Village_of_Graves-_Widespread_and_Systematic_Drug_Executions_in_Iran___5TsowOb.pdf ) [26] => Array ( [objectID] => 29125 [title] => We, the People – A Record of Florida’s Death Penalty in 2025 [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/we-the-people-a-record-of-floridas-death-penalty-in-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dqFRjuR4qIJnZA6G03MtCdF5Yg9RLzSz/view ) [27] => Array ( [objectID] => 29116 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2025 [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Majority of Capital Juries in 2025 Rejected Death Sentences [texte] => Majority of Capital Juries in 2025 Rejected Death Sentences [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/YER2025_FINAL2.pdf ) [28] => Array ( [objectID] => 29104 [title] => FFPA Death Penalty: Phase 2 Is Coming [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ffpa-death-penalty-phase-2-is-coming/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Transparency, governance and funding priorities at the heart of FFPA Phase 2 The FFPA Death Penalty project is entering a new chapter. As part of its mission to strengthen and expand the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the FFPA Consortium partners, is preparing to launch Phase 2 of […] [texte] => Transparency, governance and funding priorities at the heart of FFPA Phase 2The FFPA Death Penalty project is entering a new chapter. As part of its mission to strengthen and expand the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the FFPA Consortium partners, is preparing to launch Phase 2 of the FFPA Death Penalty project, which will run from 1 April 2026 to April 2028. (more…) "FFPA Death Penalty: Phase 2 Is Coming" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [29] => Array ( [objectID] => 29099 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 91st session of the CEDAW Committee and side event during the 59th session of the Human Rights Council. [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-91st-session-of-the-cedaw-committee-and-side-event-during-the-59th-session-of-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CEDAW-89-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively advocated during the 91st session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from 16 June to 4 July 2025, to denounce gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Afghanistan and Thailand. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively advocated during the 91st session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from 16 June to 4 July 2025, to denounce gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Afghanistan and Thailand. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 91st session of the CEDAW Committee and side event during the 59th session of the Human Rights Council." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [30] => Array ( [objectID] => 29088 [title] => Living on death row in India: The many ‘becomings’ [timestamp] => 1765497600 [date] => 12/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-on-death-row-in-india-the-many-becomings/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/26326663251385084?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1 ) [31] => Array ( [objectID] => 29062 [title] => Renewed momentum for abolition: a look back at the 5th Regional Congress in Tokyo [timestamp] => 1765411200 [date] => 11/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/renewed-momentum-for-abolition-a-look-back-at-the-5th-regional-congress-in-tokyo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/concert-at-the-5th-Regional-Congress-in-Tokyo-500x250.jpg [extrait] => From 7 to 9 November 2025, Tokyo hosted the 5th Regional Congress on the Death Penalty in East Asia, organized by ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort/ Together Against the Death Penalty), in partnership with the Centre for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR), the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) and the Asian Death Penalty Abolition […] [texte] => From 7 to 9 November 2025, Tokyo hosted the 5th Regional Congress on the Death Penalty in East Asia, organized by ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort/ Together Against the Death Penalty), in partnership with the Centre for Prisoners' Rights (CPR), the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) and the Asian Death Penalty Abolition Network (ADPAN). (more…) "Renewed momentum for abolition: a look back at the 5th Regional Congress in Tokyo" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Trend Towards Abolition [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [32] => Array ( [objectID] => 28910 [title] => A-HRC-60-L12 [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-60-l12/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => United Nations A/HRC/60/L.12General Assembly Distr.: Limited29 September 2025Original: EnglishHuman Rights CouncilSixtieth session8 September–8 October 2025Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentAlbania, Armenia, * Australia,* Austria,* Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Canada,* Chile,Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia,* Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark,* Estonia,* Finland,*France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,* Hungary,* Iceland, Ireland,* Italy,* Latvia,*Liechtenstein,* Lithuania,* Luxembourg,* Malta,* Marshall Islands, Mexico,Monaco,* Mongolia,* Montenegro,* Netherlands (Kingdom of the), New Zealand,*North Macedonia, Norway,* Paraguay,* Peru,* Poland,* Portugal,* Republic ofMoldova,* Romania, San Marino,* Slovakia,* Slovenia,* Spain, Sweden,*Switzerland, Ukraine,* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland* andUruguay*: draft resolution60/… Question of the death penaltyThe Human Rights Council,Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention againstTorture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and all otherrelevant international and regional human rights instruments, and reaffirming that all Statesmust implement their obligations under international human rights law,Recalling also the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and in this regard welcomingthe increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the Second Optional Protocol,Recalling further all General Assembly resolutions on the question of a moratoriumon the use of the death penalty, the last of which was resolution 79/179 of 17 December 2024,Reaffirming the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of persons facing the deathpenalty set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May1984 and the provisions regarding the implementation of the guidelines contained in Councilresolutions 1989/64 of 24 May 1989 and 1996/15 of 23 July 1996,Recalling all resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the question of thedeath penalty, the last of which was resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005,Recalling also Human Rights Council decision 18/117 of 28 September 2011 onreporting by the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, Council resolution22/11 of 21 March 2013 on a panel on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to* State not a member of the Human Rights Council.GE.25-15538 (E)A/HRC/60/L.12the death penalty or executed, Council decision 22/117 of 21 March 2013 on a high-levelpanel discussion on the question of the death penalty, and Council resolutions 26/2 of 26 June2014, 30/5 of 1 October 2015, 36/17 of 29 September 2017, 42/24 of 27 September 2019,48/9 of 8 October 2021 and 54/35 of 13 October 2023 on the question of the death penalty,Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the question of the deathpenalty, in the latest of which the Secretary-General focused on the consequences arising atvarious stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of thehuman rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons, paying specificattention to equality of arms, the need to prevent miscarriage or other failure of justice, andthe irreversibility of the death penalty, and in which the Secretary-General stressed theobligation of States to ensure that all persons are equal before courts and tribunals,1Acknowledging the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty,2 whichaddressed the contribution of the judiciary to the advancement of human rights and thequestion of the death penalty, and according to which the panel stressed the centrality ofjudicial discretion in sentencing processes, reviews and commutations in capital punishmentcases, taking into consideration mitigating factors and considering alternative punishments,as an important way to reduce the scope and limit the application of application of the deathpenalty,Taking note of the latest quinquennial report of the Secretary-General on capitalpunishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights ofthose facing the death penalty,3 which documented the progressive trend towards abolitionor the restricted use of the death penalty in most countries, while noting with concern thatdeath sentences continued to be imposed in cases where the standard of “most serious crimes”was not met, including drug-related offences, and in cases of trials that did not comply withinternational standards,Stressing that the term “most serious crimes” has consistently been read restrictivelyand interpreted as pertaining only to crimes of extreme gravity involving intentional killing,and stressing also that under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as asanction against specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy, adultery, consensualsame-sex conduct or relations, establishing political opposition groups or offending a headof State, and that States parties that retain the death penalty for such offences commit aviolation of their international obligations,Mindful of the work of the special procedure mandate holders who have addressedhuman rights issues relating to the death penalty, including the Special Rapporteur on tortureand other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on the independenceof judges and lawyers, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of humanrights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism and the Working Group onArbitrary Detention,Mindful also of the work undertaken by the treaty bodies to address human rightsissues relating to the death penalty, and noting the increasing attention paid to this issue inthe most recent work of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Committee on theElimination of Racial Discrimination,Recognizing the role of regional and subregional instruments and initiatives towardsthe abolition of the death penalty, which in some cases have led to the prohibition of the useof the death penalty,1 A/HRC/60/47.2 A/HRC/60/48.3 E/2025/75.2A/HRC/60/L.12Recognizing also the role of national human rights institutions and civil society incontributing to ongoing local and national debates and regional initiatives on the question ofthe death penalty,Welcoming the fact that the international trend towards the abolition of the deathpenalty is continuing, that many States are applying a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty, and all measures taken by States towards limiting the application of the deathpenalty, including by abolishing the mandatory death penalty,Expressing with deep concern that, despite the global trend towards limiting theapplication of the death penalty, there has been a recent surge in reported executions,including for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age at the time of thecommission of the crime, which is prohibited under international law and constitutes arbitrarydeprivation of life,Noting that States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religiousbackgrounds have abolished the death penalty or are applying a moratorium on its use,Recalling article 6 (6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,which states that nothing in that article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolitionof capital punishment by any State party to the Covenant, and bearing in mind that, accordingto the Human Rights Committee, States parties that are not yet totally abolitionist should beon an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty, de facto and dejure, in the foreseeable future,Noting that, also according to the Human Rights Committee, States parties to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that have abolished the death penalty arebarred from reintroducing it, and noting also that the reinstatement of the death penalty by aState party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights is a violation of international law,Recalling that derogation from the right to life is never permitted, even during a stateof emergency,Acknowledging the interest in studying the question of the death penalty, as well as inholding local, national, regional and international debates related thereto,Emphasizing the importance for the effectiveness and transparency of debates on thedeath penalty of ensuring that the public has access to balanced information, includingaccurate information and statistics on criminality and the various effective ways to combat itwithout resorting to capital punishment,Strongly deploring the fact that the use of the death penalty leads to violations of thehuman rights of the persons facing the death penalty and of other affected persons,Recalling that, particularly in cases of capital punishment, States are required to dulyand systematically ensure that all persons benefit from a fair trial and a guarantee of dueprocess, including by promptly informing them in a language they understand and in detailof all criminal charges against them and promptly providing them with the effectiveassistance of legal counsel, from the earliest stages of their arrest and/or detention and atevery stage of the proceedings, without discrimination of any kind, and by ensuring effectiveaccess to documents and other evidence that are essential for their defence, including byprov [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/A-HRC-60-L_12.pdf ) [33] => Array ( [objectID] => 28861 [title] => Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-secretary-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => United Nations A/HRC/60/47General Assembly Distr.: General13 August 2025Original: EnglishHuman Rights CouncilSixtieth session8 September–3 October 2025Agenda items 2 and 3Annual report of the United Nations High Commissionerfor Human Rights and reports of the Office of theHigh Commissioner and the Secretary-GeneralPromotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentQuestion of the death penaltyReport of the Secretary-General*SummaryThe present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117and resolution 54/35. The report contains an analysis of the consequences arising at variousstages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the humanrights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons, paying specificattention to equality of arms, the need to prevent miscarriage or other failure of justice, andthe irreversibility of the death penalty. Although considerable progress was made towardsthe abolition of the death penalty during the reporting period, a diminishing number ofretentionist countries continued to substantially increase the number of executions.* The present report was submitted to the conference services for processing after the deadline so as toinclude the most recent information.GE.25-11868 (E) 130825 130825A/HRC/60/47I. Introduction1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117and resolution 54/35. In its decision 18/117, the Council requested the Secretary-General tocontinue to submit to the Council, in consultation with Governments, specialized agenciesand intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, a yearly supplement to hisquinquennial report on capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguardsguaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. Section II of the reportcovers the period from 7 June 2023 to 6 June 2025 and is submitted as an update to previousreports on the question of the death penalty, including the quinquennial report of theSecretary-General.2. In its resolution 54/35, the Human Rights Council requested the Secretary-General todedicate the 2025 supplement to his quinquennial report on capital punishment to theconsequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penaltyon the enjoyment of the human rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affectedpersons, paying specific attention to equality of arms, the need to prevent miscarriage orfailure of justice, and the irreversibility of the death penalty. Section III of the report containsa discussion of that question and is not restricted to the period from 7 June 2023 to 6 June2025.3. The report is based largely on a call for input circulated to States, international andregional organizations, national human rights institutions and non-governmentalorganizations.1II. Changes in law and in practiceA. Abolition of the death penalty or initiatives towards its abolition,including establishing a moratorium on executions4. The Human Rights Committee has stated that article 6 (6) of the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights reaffirms that States Parties that are not yet totallyabolitionist should be on an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the deathpenalty, de facto and de jure, in the foreseeable future. According to the Committee, the deathpenalty cannot be reconciled with full respect for the right to life, and abolition of the deathpenalty is both desirable and necessary for the enhancement of human dignity and theprogressive development of human rights.25. Progress was made towards the abolition of the death penalty during the reportingperiod. In December 2024, with 130 votes in favour, the General Assembly adopted aresolution, for the tenth time, on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty.3 Antigua andBarbuda, Kenya, Morocco and Zambia voted in favour of the resolution on a moratorium onthe use of the death penalty for the first time. In 2022, the Assembly had adopted theresolution with 125 votes in favour. The number of countries now supporting a moratoriumon the use of the death penalty resolution is the highest ever, amounting to over two thirds ofthe membership of the Assembly.6. Various domestic processes towards the abolition or limitation of the death penaltywere initiated or were ongoing. Momentum towards abolition in sub-Saharan Africacontinued, with Ghana abolishing the death penalty for all crimes except high treason on2 August 2023 4 and Zimbabwe abolishing the death penalty for ordinary crimes on1 Submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2025/call-inputs-secretary-generals-report-question-death-penalty-60th-session-hrc. Due to a lack of official data, the report alsorelies on open-source information, including from news sources and non-governmental organizations.2 Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 36 (2018), para. 50.3 General Assembly resolution 79/179.4 See https://deathpenaltyproject.org/press-release-ghana-abolishes-the-death-penalty; andhttps://www.africa-legal.com/news-detail/ghana-joins-move-to-abolish-death-2 GE.25-11868A/HRC/60/4731 December 2024.5 Following the abolition of the death penalty, the President of Zambiacommuted the death sentences of the remaining 390 prisoners on death row to lifeimprisonment on 8 February 2023.6 Côte d’Ivoire acceded to the Second Optional Protocolto the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of thedeath penalty, on 3 May 2024, and Zambia acceded to the same instrument on 19 December2024.7. On 6 November 2024, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rightsadopted a resolution urging African States to vote in favour of the General Assemblyresolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. In its resolution, the Commissionalso called upon African States that retained the death penalty to establish or maintain anofficial moratorium and to consider the possibility of abolishing the death penalty.78. In the context of the Human Rights 75 initiative, led by the Office of theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Liberia pledged to abolishthe death penalty and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant.8 Chad and theCongo also made pledges in the context of the initiative to ratify the Second OptionalProtocol.99. On 19 October 2023, Armenia ratified Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for theProtection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the Abolition of theDeath Penalty in All Circumstances. Azerbaijan signed the same protocol on 8 March 2023.Pakistan abolished the death penalty for the crime of narcotics offences on 5 August 2023.10. The Parliament of Kenya established a task force to review national legislation on thedeath penalty in February 2025.1011. Following its abolition of the mandatory death penalty on 4 July 2023, Malaysiaconducted a resentencing process for people under sentence of death who had alreadyexhausted their ordinary judicial proceedings.11 That process reduced the number of peopleat risk of execution by over 1,000.12 Indonesia repatriated seven foreign nationals who hadbeen on death row for drug offences13 to their abolitionist home States.14 In January 2025,India commuted the death sentences of nine people to life imprisonment.1512. Important developments also occurred at the sub-State level. In the State ofPennsylvania, United States of America, the House Judiciary Committee voted in favour ofa bill to repeal the death penalty.16 In the State of California, a federal judge ordered thereview of 35 death penalty convictions after learning that prosecutors had intentionallyexcluded Black and Jewish people from juries in capital murder trials through discriminatorypenalty//#:~:text=In%20a%20significant%20step%2C%20Ghana’s,high%20treason%2C%20writes%20Marian%20Ansah.&text=This%20decision%20positions%20Ghana%20as,it%20still%20stands%20for%20treason.5 See https://www.ibanet.org/Zimbabwe-IBAHRI-welcomes-abolition-of-death-penalty.6 See https://www.barrons.com/news/zambia-commutes-nearly-400-death-sentences-after-law-change-01675886708.7 See https://achpr.au.int/en/adopted-resolutions/614-biannual-vote-calling-moratorium-use-death-penalty.8 See https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/Liberia_EN.pdf.9 See https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/Chad_FR.pdf; andhttps://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/Republic%20of%20Congo_FR.pdf.10 See https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2025/02/icj-kenya-welcomes-parliamentary-review-of-death-penalty-as-crucial.11 See https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/act50/9557/2025/en.12 Amnesty International, Amnesty International Global Report: Death Sentences and Executions 2024(London, 2025), p. 8.13 See https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgq0gdqpql5o.14 See submission from Reprieve.15 See submission from International Commission against the Death Penalty.16 See https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/pennsylvania-house-committee-passes-death-penalty-repeal-bill.GE.25-11868 3A/HRC/60/47jury selection tactics.17 The Governor of the same state signed a bill into law abolishing thedeath penalty for persons with intellectual disabilities. 18 In the State of Delaware, theGovernor signed a bill into law to remove the death penalty from state legislation.19 In theState of North Carolina, the Governor commuted the death sentences of 15 men on death rowto life without parole, based on factors that included racial bias, severe psychosocialimpairment and intellectual disability.2013. In Taiwan Province of China, the judicial authorities restricted the use of the deathpenalty, ruling that the way that it was being implemented violated due process guarantees.The court held that the death penalty could be imposed only in the most serious ca [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SG-report-English.pdf ) [34] => Array ( [objectID] => 28852 [title] => Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Bahrain [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/concluding-observations-on-the-fourth-periodic-report-of-bahrain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Committee against TortureConcluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Bahrain1.The Committee considered the fourth periodic report of Bahrain at its 2219th and 2222nd meetings, held on 18 and 19 November 2025, and adopted the present concluding observations at its 2231st and 2232nd meetings, held on 26 November 2025.A.Introduction2.The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State Party for accepting the simplified reporting procedure and submitting its periodic report thereunder, as this improves the cooperation between the State Party and the Committee and focuses the examination of the report and the dialogue with the delegation. 3.The Committee also expresses appreciation for having had the opportunity to engage in a constructive dialogue with the delegation of the State Party and for the responses provided to the questions and concerns raised during the consideration of the report. B.Positive aspects4.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s initiatives to revise and introduce legislation in areas of relevance to the Convention, including the adoption of:(a)Law No. 6 of 2024, amending the Reform and Rehabilitation Institution Law No. 18 of 2014, which provides for the transfer of health services in correctional and rehabilitation facilities to government hospitals, expands family visit time, and increases minimum daily sunlight exposure and physical activity time for inmates;(b)Decree-Law No. 24 of 2021 and amending Law No. 18 of 2017 on alternative sentences and measures, which extends the use of non-custodial sanctions to allow sentence substitution without the requirement to serve half of the sentence;(c)Law No. 4 of 2021 promulgating the restorative justice law for children and their protection from abuse, which raises the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 7 to 15 years old, excludes life imprisonment as a lawful sentence for offences committed by children, and establishes specialized juvenile courts and rehabilitation centres for children in conflict with the law;(d)Decree-Law No. 44 of 2018 on international crimes, which criminalizes acts related to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, including torture.5.The Committee also welcomes the State Party’s initiatives to amend its policies and procedures in areas of relevance to the Convention and to ensure greater protection of human rights, including:(a)The establishment, in 2024, of the Committee for Oversight of the Alternative Sentencing and Open Prisons Programmes;(b)The reinstatement, in 2024, of the National Committee for Childhood, and the adoption, in 2023, of the National Strategy for Childhood (2023–2027); (c)The adoption, in 2023, of the National Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2023–2027);(d)The creation, in 2023, of the position of commissioner for the rights of the child within the National Institution for Human Rights of Bahrain; (e)The signing, in 2022, of a memorandum of understanding between the State Party and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which enables this humanitarian organisation to conduct regular, independent visits to detention facilities and to provide human rights training for security and prison personnel;(f)The reinstatement, in 2022, of the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the adoption of the National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Bahrain (2024–2028);(g)The adoption, in 2022, of the National Human Rights Plan (2022–2026); (h)The creation, in 2021, of the Victims and Witnesses Protection Office within the Public Prosecutor’s Office;(i)The establishment, in 2018, of the Human Rights Committee at the Ministry of the Interior.C.Principal subjects of concern and recommendationsPending follow-up issues from the previous reporting cycle6.In its previous concluding observations, the Committee requested the State Party to provide information on the implementation of its recommendations on the moratorium on the death penalty, on regular visits by independent monitoring bodies, including international bodies, to places of detention, and on visits by the United Nations human rights mechanisms (paras. 13 (a), 23 (d) and 41, respectively). In the light of the information received from the State Party on follow-up to those concluding observations, on 11 May 2018, the information contained in the State Party’s fourth periodic report and the additional information provided by the delegation during the dialogue, and with reference to the letter dated 23 October 2018 from the Rapporteur for follow-up to concluding observations to the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva, the Committee is of the view that the recommendation contained in paragraph 23 (d) of the previous concluding observations has been partially implemented and that the recommendations set out in paragraphs 13 (a) and 41 have not been implemented. The recommendations contained in paragraphs 13 (a), 23 (d) and 41 of the previous concluding observations are addressed in paragraphs 26 and 38 of the present concluding observations.Legal status and domestic application of the Convention7.While noting that article 37 of the Constitution establishes that international treaties ratified by the State Party acquire the force of law upon publication in the Official Gazette, and that international treaties relating to citizens’ public or private rights shall require, for their entry into force, the enactment of a law, the Committee is concerned that certain provisions of the Convention have not been fully incorporated into its national legislation and regrets the lack of information on how potential conflicts between domestic laws and the Convention are resolved (art. 2).8.The State party should ensure that the provisions of the Convention are fully incorporated into its domestic legal order and that domestic laws are interpreted and applied in conformity with its obligations under the Convention. It should also provide judicial officials and lawyers with specific training on the Convention and on asserting the rights established in its provisions before the courts. Definition and criminalization of torture9.While noting that torture is explicitly prohibited under article 19 (3) of the Constitution, that the offence of torture is not subject to a statute of limitations, and that the definition of torture enshrined in articles 208 and 232 of the Criminal Code is broadly in line with the provisions of article 1 of the Convention, the Committee is concerned that acts of torture are criminalized only when they are committed against “a person who is in the custody or under the control” of the alleged perpetrator. It is also concerned that articles 208 and 232 of the Criminal Code do not provide for a minimum term of imprisonment for perpetrators of acts of torture that do not result in the death of the victim, which runs counter to the requirement set out in article 4 (2) of the Convention that torture should be made punishable by appropriate penalties that take into account its grave nature (arts. 1 and 4).10.The State party should amend articles 208 and 232 of the Criminal Code to remove the restrictive requirement that the victim be “in the custody or under the control” of the alleged perpetrator. It should also ensure that all acts of torture and illtreatment are punishable by appropriate penalties that take into account their grave nature, in accordance with article 4 (2) of the Convention. Absolute prohibition of torture and command responsibility 11.The Committee is concerned that there is no clear provision in the State Party’s legislation to ensure that the prohibition against torture is absolute and non-derogable, in accordance with article 2 (2) of the Convention, and that an order from a superior officer or a public authority may in no case be invoked as a justification of torture, in accordance with article 2 (3) of the Convention. It is also concerned that the principle of command or superior responsibility for acts of torture or ill-treatment committed by subordinates is not explicitly recognized in domestic law when such acts do not constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes (art. 2).12.The State Party should ensure that the principle of absolute prohibition of torture is incorporated into its legislation and that it is strictly applied, in accordance with article 2 (2) of the Convention, and that, in accordance with article 2 (3) of the Convention, an order from a superior officer or a public authority may in no case be invoked as a justification of torture. To this end, the State Party should establish mechanisms for the protection of subordinates who refuse to obey such orders and ensure that all law enforcement officers are informed of the prohibition against obeying unlawful orders and of the protective mechanisms in place. Furthermore, the State Party should establish the criminal responsibility of those exercising superior authority for acts of torture or ill-treatment committed by subordinates, even when such acts do not constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes, where they knew or should have known that such impermissible conduct was occurring, or was likely to occur, yet failed to take any reasonable and necessary preventive measures or to refer the case to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.Universal jurisdiction13.The Committee is concerned that, under Decree-Law No. 44 of 2018 on international crimes, the State Party’s capacity to exercise universal jurisdiction over acts of torture is limited to cases where such acts constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes. It also regrets the lack of information on how the State Party has exercised in practice its universal jurisdiction to prosecute alleged perpetrators of acts of torture amounting to crimes against humanity or war crimes who are present in its territory (arts. 5, 7 and [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025.11.28-UN-Committee-against-Torture-Bahrain-Concluding-Observations-CAT_C_BHR_CO_4_67682_E.docx ) [35] => Array ( [objectID] => 28844 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 60th session [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-60th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council convened its 60th regular session from 8 September to 8 October 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council convened its 60th regular session from 8 September to 8 October 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 60th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [36] => Array ( [objectID] => 28831 [title] => Abolition Advocacy for Tunisia: 85th Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1764288000 [date] => 28/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-advocacy-for-tunisia-85th-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ACHPR-85th-session-2-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Within the framework of the latest public session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), held in Banjul (The Gambia) in October 2025, the Tunisian Republic presented its first periodic report to the ACHPR since 2006. Tunisian abolitionist civil society had also submitted an alternative report and was present to put forward […] [texte] => Within the framework of the latest public session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), held in Banjul (The Gambia) in October 2025, the Tunisian Republic presented its first periodic report to the ACHPR since 2006. Tunisian abolitionist civil society had also submitted an alternative report and was present to put forward its recommendations regarding the issue of the death penalty. (more…) "Abolition Advocacy for Tunisia: 85th Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [37] => Array ( [objectID] => 28807 [title] => No longer invisible: UN shines light on reality of women on death row [timestamp] => 1764288000 [date] => 28/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-longer-invisible-un-shines-light-on-reality-of-women-on-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => It was an early opportunity to mark World Day Against the Death Penalty, which The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) and other members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) observe annually on 10 October. On 7 October 2025, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on the “question of […] [texte] => It was an early opportunity to mark World Day Against the Death Penalty, which The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) and other members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) observe annually on 10 October. On 7 October 2025, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on the "question of the death penalty" by 31 votes to 7, with 8 abstentions. (more…) "No longer invisible: UN shines light on reality of women on death row" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [38] => Array ( [objectID] => 28812 [title] => 85th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/85th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ACHPR-85th-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The public session of the ACHPR’s 85th Ordinary Session (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) was held in Banjul, The Gambia from 21 to 30 October 2025. [texte] => The public session of the ACHPR’s 85th Ordinary Session (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) was held in Banjul, The Gambia from 21 to 30 October 2025. (more…) "85th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [39] => Array ( [objectID] => 28803 [title] => The Death Penalty: Torture by Design [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-torture-by-design/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.omct.org/en/resources/blog/death-penalty-torture-by-design ) [40] => Array ( [objectID] => 28801 [title] => The Death Penalty in Pakistan 2025 [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-pakistan-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Statistics Report 2025, jointly published by the National Commission for Human Rights (NCHR) and Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), offers an updated national overview of Pakistan’s death row population and provides insights into developments that signal a gradual shift towards reform and human-rights based approach in the death penalty landscape. Drawing on verified data from all provinces as well as AJK and GB, it covers the period from 2024 to 2025. The report is part of a broader initiative to make death row data publicly accessible and to inform evidence-based policymaking on the use of the death penalty in Pakistan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.jpp.org.pk/the-death-penalty-in-pakistan-2025 ) [41] => Array ( [objectID] => 28799 [title] => Procedural Trauma, the Illusion of Closure and Myth of Consensus: Understanding Victim Experiences in Capital Punishment Cases [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/procedural-trauma-the-illusion-of-closure-and-myth-of-consensus-understanding-victim-experiences-in-capital-punishment-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, by Dr Amelia Inglis, challenges the argument that the death penalty serves the needs of victims of crime and their families. Her research asks: How are victims and their families impacted by the death penalty? How and why might their views on capital punishment change over time? The author’s original empirical research finds that the death penalty can in fact retraumatise victims and suggests their perspectives on capital punishment are not universally shared or static. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge-resource/understanding-victim-experiences-in-capital-punishment-cases/ ) [42] => Array ( [objectID] => 28798 [title] => Between Retention and Abolition: Making Sense of a Death Penalty Without Executions [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/between-retention-and-abolition-making-sense-of-a-death-penalty-without-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report marks the 40th anniversary of the adoption of the ‘abolitionist de facto’ (ADF) category in the UN’s quinquennial reports on the death penalty. Today, 42 states fall under the category of ADF – countries where no executions have taken place for at least a decade, but where the death penalty remains in law. Though an absence of executions must be commended, many ADF states still impose death sentences and, ultimately, sustain the legal infrastructure of capital punishment, with all the risks and harms this entails. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge-resource/making-sense-of-a-death-penalty-without-executions/ ) [43] => Array ( [objectID] => 28796 [title] => Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful Convictions [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fatal-flaws-innocence-race-and-wrongful-convictions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report shows that wrongful death-penalty convictions in the United States are often the result of systemic racism, human error and official misconduct — including false testimony, unreliable forensics, and biased jury selection — disproportionately affecting Black and other marginalized defendants. [texte] => ACLU 1FATAL FLAWSInnocence, Race,and Wrongful ConvictionsNovember 20252 Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful ConvictionsContentsBACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... .......... 3Race and Wrongful Conviction.............................................................................................. 3RACE AND THE EARLY DEATH PENALTY.................................................................. 5DRIVERS OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION...................................................................... 6Factor 1: Misconduct by Police and Prosecutors...................................................... 6Factor 2: False Testimony and Perjury ............................................................................. 8Factor 3: Eyewitness Misidentification........................................................................... 8Factor 4: Reliance on Junk Science................................................................................. 1 0Factor 5: Non-Diverse Juries..................................................................................................1 1EXECUTION OF THE INNOCENT........................................................................................1 4The Execution of Leo Jones ...................................................................................................1 4The Execution of Carlos DeLuna........................................................................................1 5The Execution of Marcellus Williams .............................................................................1 5CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS...................................... 1 7State Legislative Actions ......................................................................................................... 1 7Executive Actions and Federal Actions.........................................................................1 8Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................1 9ACLU 3In a criminal legal system created andadministered by humans with enormous powerand discretion — including police, prosecutors,and judges — the risk of error and arbitrarinessis inherent and inescapable. This is true evenin the administration of the death penalty,where the stakes are a matter of life or death.Since the modern period of the death penaltybegan in 1973, at least 200 innocent peoplehave been exonerated from death rows acrossAmerica.1 These are hundreds of people that haveexperienced the terror of wrongful arrest, wrongfulconviction, condemnation by their communities,and years trapped on death row, living underthe grim shadow of execution even thoughthey are innocent. Despite this harsh reality, 27states and the federal government still retain thedeath penalty, disregarding evidence about thesentencing and execution of innocent people.Imposing the death penalty requires a host of stepsand decisions, from investigating a homicide,to charging, trying, sentencing, and eventuallyscheduling an execution. Whether these decisionsare made in good faith or bad faith, they are allmade by fallible humans, which means they arevulnerable to error and bias at best and malice andovert animus at worst. Because of this, any capitalpunishment system necessarily risks sentencinginnocent people to death. In America, this risk isnot only a defining feature of the modern deathpenalty, but it also results in the disproportionateconviction and execution of innocent Black people.According to a 2022 report by the NationalRegistry of Exonerations (NRE), Black peopleare over seven times more likely to be wrongfullyconvicted of serious crimes compared to whitepeople.2 And while it is impossible to say howmany innocent Black people have been capitallytried and sentenced to death, over half of thepeople exonerated from death row — 108 — havebeen Black.3The race of victims also affects who gets wrongfullysentenced to death in this country. Murder caseswith white victims have a disproportionatelyhigher risk of wrongful conviction.4 Conversely,though Black people represent over 50% of murdervictims in the United States, their cases account foronly a small percentage of executions.5Even when factual innocence seems manifestlyapparent, true exonerations remain hard to comeby for many Black men, and especially thosewrongfully convicted of killing white victims. Take,for instance, the case of American Civil LibertiesUnion (ACLU) client Levon “Bo” Jones, a BlackBACKGROUNDBLACKNON-BLACKFIGURE 1Exonerations From Death Row by Race108 92Source: Death Penalty Info Center4 Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful Convictionsman wrongfully convicted and sentenced to deathfor the 1987 murder of a white man.6 Even afterthe key witness against him admitted in 2007 thatmuch of her testimony was “simply not true” andthe prosecutor therefore dismissed all chargesagainst Mr. Jones, that same prosecutor maintainedthat Mr. Jones “received a fair trial.”7 To this date,Mr. Jones still has not received an official Pardon ofInnocence or a dime of compensation.8And after a true exoneration is given, race stillcontinues to play a role in when that exonerationcomes about. A recent report by the Death PenaltyInformation Center found that it takes Black deathrow exonerees over four years longer on average to becleared than their white counterparts.9ACLU 5Race and wrongful accusations have beenintertwined throughout the history oflynchings and executions. During the1800s, race affected issues like whether an actwas considered a crime, the degree of certaintyrequired for a determination of guilt, and thetolerance of wrongful death. For instance, earlyslave code laws made the attempted rape of a whitewoman a capital offense for Black defendants, butnot white men.10 “Black Laws,” adopted in the wakeof the civil war, prohibited Black citizens fromtestifying in criminal court cases, unmistakablyprioritizing white supremacy over fact-finding. 11The death penalty grew out of this country’sbrutal practice of lynching, with the formergradually replacing the latter in the early 1900s.12In the years and decades following the Civil War,lynchings against Black Americans skyrocketed,particularly in the South. Early death penalty trialsechoed characteristics of lynchings. Most prevalentamong these was the race of those killed: Around72% of lynching victims in the United States wereBlack,13 a number that closely resembles the 75% ofexecutions that were of Black people in the Southbetween the years 1910 and 1950.14Lynching was commonly justified as a defensiveact to protect white women from sexual assault byBlack men.15 This justification rang hollow, in largepart because it is now commonly understood —and was even at the time — that an overwhelmingnumber of these accusations were fabricated.16Nevertheless, a person could be lynched basedon the word of a single white person,17 a truth thatpersisted as white lynch mobs turned into theoften all-white juries of death penalty trials.The strong relation between lynching and thedeath penalty influenced the very structure ofearly capital trials. Many early death penaltytrials happened so quickly that a number ofdisproportionately Black men arrested oftenreceived a “trial” in name only.18 Defendants werecommonly pulled from their own communitiesand pushed into courtrooms where the judge,witnesses, prosecutor, and defense attorney wereall white. They were often subject to rampantmisconduct by the police, prosecutor, or both.19This misconduct would typically go unchallengedby defense attorneys who provided less thanfulsome representation and would often culminatein a guilty verdict by an all-white jury.These experiences — of misconduct, perjury,mistaken witnesses, and non-diverse juries — didn’tjust lead to many convictions in the past; theycontinue to contribute to wrongful convictions tothis day.RACE AND THE EARLYDEATH PENALTYFIGURE 2Executions and Lynchings by RaceSource: NAACP & Equal Justice USABlackOthersLynchings Executions72% 75%1882 to 1968 1910 to 19506 Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful ConvictionsMany of the patterns that emerged in theearly death penalty cases have continuedleading to factual, legal, and moralerrors that produce wrongful convictions. Thesefactors, along with others that have since emerged,influence the cases of people of all races, butcontinue to disproportionately affectBlack defendants.These patterns include, but are not limitedto, official misconduct by police officers and/or prosecutors, perjury and false testimony,eyewitness misidentification, unreliable experttestimony, and non-diverse juries. While eachdescription of the factors in this report isaccompanied by a case example, the unfortunatetruth is that countless examples of cases infectedwith these issues exist.Factor 1: Misconduct byPolice and ProsecutorsOfficial misconduct by police and prosecutorsis the leading cause of wrongful death penaltyconvictions and has overwhelmingly contributedto the wrongful convictions of Black people.20Examples of official misconduct by police includeactions like influencing witnesses or falsifyingreports. For prosecutors, official misconduct rangesfrom things like knowingly condoning perjury tofailure to disclose “exculpatory” information thatwould support a person’s claim of innocence.In an analysis of 185 death penalty exonerationsfrom 1973-2017, the Death Penalty InformationCenter (DPI) found that official misconductfactored in 69% of exonerations, and thatmisconduct was more likely in cases where a Blackperson was accused and convicted.21 Anotherstudy of documented capital murder exonerationsby the NRE from 1989-2022 found that officialmisconduct by police and/or prosecutors played arole in 85% of death row exonerations involving aninnocent Black person, compared to 70% of casesinvolving white exoner [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://assets.aclu.org/live/uploads/2025/11/2025.11.10-Fatal-Flaws-Innocence-Race-and-Wrongful-Convictions-FINAL.pdf ) [44] => Array ( [objectID] => 28785 [title] => Forgotten Service, Lasting Wounds: Military Veterans and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1763596800 [date] => 20/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/forgotten-service-lasting-wounds-military-veterans-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “Forgotten Service, Lasting Wounds” shows how many U.S. military veterans who end up on death row carry serious, untreated service-related trauma—such as PTSD or brain injuries—that is rarely presented to juries during sentencing.The report highlights a clear “battlefield-to-prison” pipeline and argues that veterans’ backgrounds and mental health histories must be meaningfully considered in capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://cdn.craft.cloud/c08a8cf8-1de1-4da0-8525-321ca2c16992/assets/images/ForgottenServiceLastingWounds.pdf ) [45] => Array ( [objectID] => 28780 [title] => Sunny Scholarship Travel Fund: Giving a voice to formerly incarcerated women [timestamp] => 1763596800 [date] => 20/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sunny-scholarship-travel-fund-giving-a-voice-to-formerly-incarcerated-women/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/sonia-sunny-jacob-500x250.jpg [extrait] => “Everyone faces challenges in life, and you can either spend the rest of your life looking back, or you can make the decision to keep moving forward.” Sunny Jacobs (1947–2025) Facing gender-based discrimination : the importance of testimony Like Sunny, a tireless abolitionist activist who tragically passed away on 3 June 2025, the voices of […] [texte] => "Everyone faces challenges in life, and you can either spend the rest of your life looking back, or you can make the decision to keep moving forward." Sunny Jacobs (1947–2025)Facing gender-based discrimination : the importance of testimony Like Sunny, a tireless abolitionist activist who tragically passed away on 3 June 2025, the voices of formerly incarcerated women, including those who have been on death row, are essential to guiding the abolitionist struggle and driving prison reform. Their experiences give them unique expertise on the challenges they have faced and the discrimination they have suffered, making them the best placed to advocate in an informed and effective manner.A fund for the visibility of the women concernedExposed to intersectional discrimination and often from the most disadvantaged backgrounds, these women are particularly marginalised once incarcerated and face multiple challenges during their reintegration. The lack of financial resources - for food, housing, training, finding decent employment or travelling - is a major obstacle. This precariousness also limits their access to international summits and forums, where their experience and expertise would be particularly valuable in informing discussions and decision-making.That is why, in order to ensure that these women's voices are heard, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) welcomes the creation of the Sunny Scholarship Travel Fund, established in memory of Sonia, "Sunny Jacobs. Supported by the Women Beyond Walls (WBW) association, the fund will be managed directly by the International Network of Formerly Incarcerated Women (INFIW), which brings together hundreds of formerly incarcerated women in more than 30 countries on 6 continents. INFIW was founded and is led and composed of formerly incarcerated women. This scholarship is intended to provide financial assistance to formerly incarcerated women who are INFIW members and wish to speak at international conferences or in advocacy forums. INFIW is developing an application process that will be approved by the network membership in its December 2025 global virtual convening. Decisions for allocating funds will be made by the INFIW advisory committee (it’s governing board) in a transparent process, with full participation of those soliciting support. Grants will be given with en eye towards ensuring geographic diversity. Updates on the Sunny Travel Fund will be provided on the GoFundMe page and on the INFIW website. This fund is part of the World Coalition's commitment to promoting the active participation of those directly affected by the death penalty in advocacy efforts. More specifically, it is aligned with the objectives of the "Gender and the Death Penalty" project, which aims to highlight the voices of women facing the death penalty.To learn more about this fund and to contribute [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [46] => Array ( [objectID] => 28767 [title] => Solidarity petition in favor of the abolition of the death penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [timestamp] => 1762473600 [date] => 07/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/solidarity-petition-in-favor-of-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2025 World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and several international organizations, addressed a petition to the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [texte] => On the occasion of the 2025 World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and several international organizations, addressed a petition to the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (more…) "Solidarity petition in favor of the abolition of the death penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [47] => Array ( [objectID] => 28752 [title] => Death Penalty and Security: Insights from the 2025 Panel Discussion [timestamp] => 1761782400 [date] => 30/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-and-security-insights-from-the-2025-panel-discussion/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Death-Penalty-and-Security-pannel-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On October 9, 2025, a panel of international experts convened to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer. Moderated by Atty. Francis Tom Temprosa, Regional Director of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), the discussion brought together diverse perspectives from law, human rights, and lived experience. [texte] => On October 9, 2025, a panel of international experts convened to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer. Moderated by Atty. Francis Tom Temprosa, Regional Director of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), the discussion brought together diverse perspectives from law, human rights, and lived experience. (more…) "Death Penalty and Security: Insights from the 2025 Panel Discussion" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Innocence [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [48] => Array ( [objectID] => 28691 [title] => World Coalition held 2025 General Assembly in Manila [timestamp] => 1761264000 [date] => 24/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-held-2025-general-assembly-in-manila/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CollageAG2025-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ADPAN its General Assembly in Manila, the Philippines and online on 6-7 June 2025. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ADPAN its General Assembly in Manila, the Philippines and online on 6-7 June 2025. (more…) "World Coalition held 2025 General Assembly in Manila" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [49] => Array ( [objectID] => 28698 [title] => Best Practices in Defending Women and Gender Minorities [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/best-practices-in-defending-women-and-gender-minorities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document offers guidance for legal defenders on how to approach cases involving women and gender minorities, with an emphasis on gender-sensitive practice.It covers methods for integrating intersectional analysis (race, class, gender identity, etc.) into legal strategy, ethical considerations in representation, trauma-aware interviewing, narrative construction, and team building. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => https://dpw.lawschool.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Best-Practices-in-Defending-Women-and-Gender-Minorities.pdf ) [50] => Array ( [objectID] => 28741 [title] => Enduring injustice – A review of the death penalty in Asia (2020-2025) [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/enduring-injustice-a-review-of-the-death-penalty-in-asia-2020-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report reviews death penalty developments in 20 retentionist Asian countries between 2020 and mid-2025. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/fidh-report-847a-death-penalty-asia-ok-web.pdf ) [51] => Array ( [objectID] => 28723 [title] => World Coalition Statutory Auditor’s Report 2024 [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-statutory-auditors-report-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/4a.DBA_Rapport-CAC-2024_FR.pdf ) [52] => Array ( [objectID] => 28706 [title] => World Coalition Activity Report 2024 [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-activity-report-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/3.EN-WCADP_2024ActivityReport_v2.0.pdf ) [53] => Array ( [objectID] => 28705 [title] => International Abolitionist Advocacy: The Rise of Global Networks to Advance Human Rights and the Promise of the Worldwide Campaign to Abolish Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-abolitionist-advocacy-the-rise-of-global-networks-to-advance-human-rights-and-the-promise-of-the-worldwide-campaign-to-abolish-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document traces how global abolitionist networks for the death penalty have grown and become more influential over recent decades. It discusses key strategies by states and NGOs pushing for a worldwide moratorium on executions and for complete abolition, highlighting how formerly retentionist regimes are increasingly isolated. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/6.-John-Bessler_v34n2_1-119.pdf ) [54] => Array ( [objectID] => 28704 [title] => Look Inside The Slow Death of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/look-inside-the-slow-death-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://nyupress.org/9781479819645/the-slow-death-of-the-death-penalty/ ) [55] => Array ( [objectID] => 28699 [title] => Working together with religious and traditional leaders: A tool for joint action towards abolition [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/working-together-with-religious-and-traditional-leaders-a-tool-for-joint-action-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document is a guide aimed at those in the abolitionist movement who want to mobilize religious and customary leaders for the cause of abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://fiacat.org/attachments/article/3307/FIACAT_Leaders%20religieux_EN_web.pdf ) [56] => Array ( [objectID] => 28696 [title] => The Meaning and Challenges of an Interdisciplinary Sentencing Exercise: Reflections from a Death Penalty Mitigation Practice [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-meaning-and-challenges-of-an-interdisciplinary-sentencing-exercise-reflections-from-a-death-penalty-mitigation-practice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The article “The Meaning and Challenges of an Interdisciplinary Sentencing Exercise: Reflections from a Death Penalty Mitigation Practice” published in Socio-Legal Review examines how India’s death penalty framework requires a socio-legal or interdisciplinary approach that combines law with social sciences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://repository.nls.ac.in/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1564&context=slr ) [57] => Array ( [objectID] => 28595 [title] => WOMEN AID AND CRIMNAL JUSTICE (WACJ) [timestamp] => 1759968000 [date] => 09/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/women-aid-and-crimnal-justice-wacj/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WACJ-LOGO-2.jpg [extrait] => Organization objectives: (a) Enhance skills and knowledge in criminal justice pertaining to women, children, and girls to safeguard their rights and enhance their livelihoods. WACJ focuses on equipping individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge in criminal justice to ensure the protection of rights and the improvement of life conditions for women, children, and girls. […] [texte] => Organization objectives: (a) Enhance skills and knowledge in criminal justice pertaining to women, children, and girls to safeguard their rights and enhance their livelihoods.WACJ focuses on equipping individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge in criminal justice to ensure the protection of rights and the improvement of life conditions for women, children, and girls.(b) Advocate for criminal and social justice for women and girls.WACJ seeks to actively campaign for fair treatment and justice in the legal system for women and girls, addressing issues like gender-based violence and social discrimination.(c) Promote criminal and human rights justice for women, children, and girls.WACJ aims to foster an environment where criminal justice systems uphold and protect the human rights of women, children, and girls, ensuring justice is accessible to all.(d) Extend and improve legal aid provision and assistance to indigent individuals and prisoners.WACJ strives to provide legal aid to those who cannot afford it, focusing on vulnerable groups, including prisoners, to ensure they receive fair representation in the legal system.(e) Strengthen capacity building on legal literacy for women, girls, and children in society through seminars, workshops, and conferences to empower them with knowledge of their rights and the legal system.This objective emphasizes empowering women, girls, and children by improving their understanding of legal rights and the justice system through educational events like seminars and workshops.Organization Mission: WACJ is dedicated to promoting, advocating for, and safeguarding justice for women and girls within the criminal justice system. The organization works through strategic litigation, skill-building, networking, and capacity development to address injustices faced by women and girls. WACJ aims to reduce crime rates and ease the burden on police stations and prisons by ensuring fair treatment and providing support to marginalized individuals. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [58] => Array ( [objectID] => 28596 [title] => Women and Harm Reduction International Network [timestamp] => 1759968000 [date] => 09/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/women-and-harm-reduction-international-network/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WHRIN-New-Logo-HR-500x500.png [extrait] => The goal of WHRIN is to improve the availability, quality, relevance and accessibility of health, social and legal services for women, trans and gender diverse people who use drugs. The vision of WHRIN is that all self-identified women who use drugs have unfettered access to available, quality, relevant health, social and legal services in a […] [texte] => The goal of WHRIN is to improve the availability, quality, relevance and accessibility of health, social and legal services for women, trans and gender diverse people who use drugs.The vision of WHRIN is that all self-identified women who use drugs have unfettered access to available, quality, relevant health, social and legal services in a context of upholding human rights free from stigma, discrimination and criminalisation.WHRIN's work addresses a critical gap: the lack of harm reduction services for women worldwide. WHRIN occupies a unique position in the harm reduction world. Led by women and gender doverse people with a history of drug use, it is a highly inclusive network that proactively incorporates and engages a broad range of stakeholders. WHRIN seeks to build linkages among women, trans and gender doverse people who use drugs, non-government organisations and international non-government organisations, feminist organisations, service providers, national governments, relevant UN organisations and development partners – in order to effectively achieve the mission of expanding availability and accessibility of gender-responsive harm reduction services.WHRIN is guided by the following set of values:Ø Harm Reduction PrinciplesØ Meaningful involvementØ Intersectional FeminismØ Inclusivity - of all identifying as women, and of the full range of stakeholders who work with WUDØ Anti-prohibition and anti-criminalisationØ Innovation and ResponsivenessØ Accountability - including by identifying and reporting on harmful drug policies and human rights violations, and on gender biases that impact women, trans and gender diverse people who use drugs, including gender-based violenceØ Partnerships [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [59] => Array ( [objectID] => 28581 [title] => Odhikar [timestamp] => 1759449600 [date] => 03/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/odhikar/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Odhikar-logo.jpg [extrait] => Odhikar is a human rights activist organization that documents, monitors and campaigns against violations of civil and political rights in Bangladesh. Its main focus is on the issues of torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances and the death penalty. It is based in Bangladesh and also has ECOSOC status and is a menber of several international […] [texte] => Odhikar is a human rights activist organization that documents, monitors and campaigns against violations of civil and political rights in Bangladesh. Its main focus is on the issues of torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances and the death penalty. It is based in Bangladesh and also has ECOSOC status and is a menber of several international human rights networks, such as OMCT, FIDH, ADPAN and, most recently, the WCAP. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [60] => Array ( [objectID] => 28563 [title] => Factsheet For Parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1759449600 [date] => 03/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-parliamentarians-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTY PROTECTS NO ONE.Factsheet For Parliamentariansin honor of World Day Against the Death PenaltyBACKGROUNDDecades of studies have demonstrated there is no relation betweenthe severity of criminal penalties and the reduction of violence.Yet, the acceleration of security concerns within our societies has led to a resurgence of publicdiscourse calling for the reinforcement or even the reintroduction of the death penalty. Thesenarratives often rest on the misconception that capital punishment deters crimes. In reality, thedeath penalty is not a tool for protection, but rather an ineffective form of punishment,amounting to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, that risks miscarriagesof justice and disproportionately targets the most vulnerable communities.World Day Against the Death Penalty 2024/2025, celebrated annually on 10 October,underscores the truth that “the death penalty protects no one,” and reinforces whyparliamentarians worldwide — whether fromabolitionist or retentionist countries — have acrucial responsibility to advocate for approachesto justice that truly safeguard individuals.Security, justice, and the death penalty— a false dilemmaSecurity is understood not only as national securitybut also as human security; it encompasses theprotection of individuals from threats and violationsof their fundamental rights and freedoms. Ensuringsecurity is a primary duty of governments, and itrequires justice systems that are fair, accessible,effective, and tailored to local needs and realities.When security and justice sectors are mismanaged,insecurity often rises because the root-causes ofviolence remain unaddressed and accountability islacking.Too often, when societies are confronted with developments portrayed as security threats, punitivemeasures are advanced as if they were genuine solutions to insecurity. In such contexts, public debatefrequently fuels calls to strengthen or even reinstate the death penalty, exploiting citizens’ fears anderoding trust in judicial systems. Yet the death penalty is never the answer. Far from delivering justice, itperpetuates the cycle of violence. Punitive responses fail to address the root causes of crime, such associoeconomic inequality and discrimination. Resorting to the death penalty only deepens socialdivisions, entrenches unfairness, and replaces justice with vengeance.Security measures must always be aligned with international human rights law. While international lawencourages abolition and restricts the use of the death penalty only to the “most serious crimes”1,overwhelming evidence shows that its use — by its very nature, methods of implementation, andsurrounding circumstances — amounts to torture or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. Far frommaking societies safer, capital punishment undermines human rights and the dignity of individuals.For this reason, parliamentarians should promote discourse and policies that prioritize crimeprevention, tackle inequalities, ensure social cohesion, and implement restorative forms of justice thatput victims and communities at the center of the process.How security is used as a political toolAcross the world, security arguments have been used to insidiously justify the retention orreintroduction of the death penalty. The following examples illustrate sectors in which capitalpunishment is being used as a political tool, failing to respond to security threats:Ø Counterterrorism: In 2014, following the tragic terrorist attack on schoolchildren inPeshawar, Pakistan, the country ended a seven-year moratorium on executions in the name offighting against terrorism. Yet, data analyzed by Justice Project Pakistan shows that thelegislation failed to deter crimes and was misused by law enforcement to underminefundamental rights “during arrest, investigation and trial of non-terrorism suspects.”Ø Armed conflicts: In countries affected by conflict, such as the Democratic Republic of theCongo or Burkina Faso, authorities have threatened to resume executions to “restore peace.”Conflict situations not only cause insecurity and extreme suffering to civilian populations, theymay also lead to other atrocities, namely genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and thecrime of aggression. Even when addressing such serious crimes, international tribunals do notresort to the death penalty, because they are aligned with international human rights standards.Introducing or resuming executions will not reduce crimes. Rather, it risks aggravating impunitybecause of the irreversible nature of the death penalty. Sustainable peace can only be achievedthrough due accountability that upholds the right to justice, to truth, and the right to an effectiveremedy and reparation.1 The “most serious crimes” is defined in international law as “intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely graveconsequences.”Ø Political repression: Some regimes use the death penalty as a large-scale tool ofrepression with the aim of annihilating political opposition and controlling the population. Civilsociety organizations have documented the use of capital punishment against politicalopponents, human rights defenders and protesters in countries such as Belarus, Iran, or theKingdom of Saudi Arabia, among others. It is also known to be used as a political repression toolin China and North Korea, but state secrecy prevents full documentation.Ø Populist “tough on crime” discourse: In the United States of America, the Presidentsigned an Executive Order titled “Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting Public Safety,” thusreversing the moratorium on federal executions introduced by the previous administration. Thisorder directs the U.S. Attorney General to seek the death penalty in all applicable cases andencourages state prosecutors to pursue capital charges, particularly for crimes involving themurder of a law enforcement officer or for capital crimes that would have been committed byindividuals with irregular immigration status. This order also calls for challenging Supreme Courtprecedents limiting the application of capital punishments. Such measure falsely suggest thatthe death penalty increases safety, when it serves as symbolic gesture at the expense of justiceand human rights.Ø Drug related crimes: Despite international law restricting the death penalty to “the mostserious crimes,” 34 countries still retain it for drug-related crimes. In 2024, Harm ReductionInternational monitored that over 615 individuals were executed for such offences — the highestnumber since 2015 — with executions carried out in Iran, Singapore, the Kingdom of SaudiArabia, and China. These measures not only violate international law, but they alsodisproportionately discriminate against ethnic minorities and exacerbate gender or socio-economic inequalities, while failing to reduce drug-related crimes.Even in countries that have abolished the death penalty, insecurity threats or fear of violence can fuelcalls for reintroducing the use of the death penalty. Parliamentarians have a key responsibility to informthe public, promote debate, and counter these narratives by exposing how security is instrumentalizedto justify executions. Some of the arguments they can use against the death penalty are:F It does not deter crimes. What matters in crime prevention is the existence of a sanction, notthe severity of the punishment.F It has a discriminatory impact. It disproportionately affects the most vulnerable populations,including already marginalized groups, exacerbating inequalities.F It amounts to a miscarriage of justice. Wrongful convictions are inevitable even when dueprocess and all judicial safeguards are duly implemented and respected, and the death penaltymakes justice irreversible.F It perpetuates cycles of violence. It denies any possibility of rehabilitation or reintegration.THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENTARIANSThe leadership of parliamentarians has been instrumental in the global movement towards universalabolition. In many countries, abolition was achieved thanks to strong political will and advocacy bylegislators.Parliamentarians are at the heart of democratic systems. They uphold the rule of law, shape nationallegislation and contribute to decision-making at national, regional, and global levels. They also play acentral role in the ratification process of international tools that strengthen the abolitionist framework,such as the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.By speaking out publicly, parliamentarians can frame the narrative. Calling for transparency on the useof the death penalty and sharing reliable information helps raise awareness among constituents andprevent the spread of misinformation. This responsibility does not end once a country abolishes thedeath penalty. Even in abolitionist states, insecurity narratives can resurface during crises and fueldangerous calls for reintroduction. Parliamentarians must remain vigilant, ensuring that public opinionis guided by facts rather than fear.In retentionist countries, legislators are essential to progress. By reminding citizens that the deathpenalty has no deterrent effects, they can make the case for alternatives that strengthen both justice andsecurity. When paired with reforms that place victims and survivors at the center and emphasizerestorative and reparative justice, abolition can address the root causes of violence, rebuild trust ininstitutions, and uphold the rule of law. In countries that are abolitionist in practice, legislators can playa crucial role in ensuring that the next step is taken and that abolition is enshrined in law.By leading legislative reforms, parliamentarians can demonstrate that abolition paves the way for justicethat protects both human rights and safety.“Even in the most difficult contexts of insecurity and conflict,we have chosen the path of abolition – proof that strong politicalwill can pave the way for positive change. We know th [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/EN-Factsheet-Security-and-the-DP-for-MPs_final-version-with-quotes_designed.pdf ) [61] => Array ( [objectID] => 28546 [title] => The Square Circle Clinic, NALSAR University of Law [timestamp] => 1759104000 [date] => 29/09/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-square-circle-clinic-nalsar-university-of-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/The-Square-Circle-Clinic-logo-500x280.jpg [extrait] => The Square Circle Clinic (formerly Project 39A) is a criminal justice initiative of NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad. The Clinic provides legal representation to prisoners sentenced to death in India before the Supreme Court of India and various High Courts. The Clinic also provides legal representation to undertrial prisoners. Additionally, The Clinic undertakes research on […] [texte] => The Square Circle Clinic (formerly Project 39A) is a criminal justice initiative of NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad. The Clinic provides legal representation to prisoners sentenced to death in India before the Supreme Court of India and various High Courts. The Clinic also provides legal representation to undertrial prisoners. Additionally, The Clinic undertakes research on mental health and criminal justice, forensics, prevention of torture, legal aid, criminalisation and punishment, and the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [62] => Array ( [objectID] => 28506 [title] => One Year of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1756944000 [date] => 04/09/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/one-year-of-the-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/One-Year-of-the-Global-Consortium-for-Death-Penalty-Abolition-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Launched in April 2024, the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition completed its first year of activity in March 2025. Bringing together 25 civil society organizations from around the world and funded by the European Union (EU), the Consortium aims at advancing abolition through coordinated advocacy at national, regional, and international levels. [texte] => Launched in April 2024, the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition completed its first year of activity in March 2025. Bringing together 25 civil society organizations from around the world and funded by the European Union (EU), the Consortium aims at advancing abolition through coordinated advocacy at national, regional, and international levels. (more…) "One Year of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [63] => Array ( [objectID] => 28491 [title] => Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement: Over 40 Civil Society Organisations Supported Through FSTP Calls for Proposals [timestamp] => 1754524800 [date] => 07/08/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/strengthening-the-abolitionist-movement-over-40-civil-society-organisations-supported-through-fstp-calls-for-proposals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => As part of its mission to expand and strengthen the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, its Gender program and the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition partners launched two rounds of Financial Support to Third Parties (FSTP) calls for proposals. The FSTP calls aim to support civil society organisations (CSOs) […] [texte] => As part of its mission to expand and strengthen the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, its Gender program and the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition partners launched two rounds of Financial Support to Third Parties (FSTP) calls for proposals. The FSTP calls aim to support civil society organisations (CSOs) engaged in activities promoting the abolition of the death penalty, particularly in regions where capital punishment remains in force and is seldom publicly debated. FSTP’s are managed by Consortium members and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. These FSTP calls were made possible thanks to the financial support of:The Agence Française de Développement (AFD) – through the Gender Project,The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Canada – also through the Gender Project,The European Union – through the Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA) with the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition” A High Level of Interest for the First Call for ProposalsThe first FSTP Open Call, launched in October 2024, received significant interest, with 105 applications submitted, of which 73 were deemed eligible and unique. Most of these came from Africa South and East Asia, and the MENA region. Following a first screening by the Consortium members responsible for FSTP management, 35 applications were reviewed by an Independent Advisory Panel, except for three confidential applications that were exempted for security reasons.The Independent Advisory Panel was composed of experts bringing diverse regional, thematic and technical perspectives to the selection process:Christian Gonzalez Chacon (Guatemala/Greater Caribbean) – Legal and academic expert on international human rights law and the death penalty (first FSTP Open Call only)Georges Azzi (Lebanon/MENA) – Advocate for sexual and gender health and rights, with experience in managing US government and EU-funded projects (first FSTP Open Call only)Hellen Mwasaha (Kenya/Africa) – Specialist in grants management, project management, finance, accounting, and procurement (second FSTP Open Call only)Morris Lipson (USA/UK) – Expert in grantee evaluation and strategic grant-makingTala Dowlatshahi (Iran/MENA) – Advocate for decolonising aid and development systems and promoting inclusive global well-beingThe Independent Advisory Panel members were selected following a call for expressions of interest in 2023.Ultimately, 30 applications were selected, with one additional application pending due diligence, awarded for a total of €386 050 granted. Several selected projects remain confidential in order to protect grantees operating in sensitive contexts.A Second Call for More Targeted SupportThe second FSTP Open Call, launched in April 2025, gathered 40 applications from 39 unique applicants, again with strong representation from Africa, South and East Asia, and MENA. Out of these, 16 were pre-selected by relevant Consortium members and reviewed by the independent advisory panel. Twelve organisations were selected out of 14 grants available for a total of €80,000 out of the €85,000 available.Direct Support to Local Abolitionist ActorsTogether, the two FSTP calls enabled the funding of more than 40 abolitionist initiatives, led mainly by local civil society organisations—many of which had limited access to financial support in the past. These projects will support a wide range of activities, including advocacy, public awareness, support to families and death row survivors, as well as research and communication adapted to local contexts.A strong emphasis was placed on inclusiveness, with many selected initiatives integrating gender perspectives, support for marginalised groups, and the reduction of systemic inequalities.Global-list-of-FSTP-2024-2026-wo-ADPANDownload the list of selected organisations [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [64] => Array ( [objectID] => 28469 [title] => Calling for Martin Mavenjina’s Safe and Unconditional Return to Kenya [timestamp] => 1752192000 [date] => 11/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-for-martin-mavenjinas-safe-and-unconditional-return-to-kenya/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) has been informed that Martin Mavenjina was unjustifiably forced to leave Kenya on 5 July 2025. Mr. Mavenjina had just been elected as a Vice-President of the World Coalition on 1 July, with a two-year mandate. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) has been informed that Martin Mavenjina was unjustifiably forced to leave Kenya on 5 July 2025. Mr. Mavenjina had just been elected as a Vice-President of the World Coalition on 1 July, with a two-year mandate. (more…) "Calling for Martin Mavenjina’s Safe and Unconditional Return to Kenya" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [65] => Array ( [objectID] => 28454 [title] => CENTER FOR LEGAL SUPPORT AND INMATE REHABILITATION (CELSIR) [timestamp] => 1752105600 [date] => 10/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/center-for-legal-support-and-inmate-rehabilitation-celsir/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/CELSIR-logo-500x343.jpg [extrait] => The Center for Legal Support and Inmate Rehabilitation (CELSIR) is a non-profit social enterprise registered in Kenya as a Company Limited by Guarantee. We provide free legal aid and social support to indigent persons, especially those in conflict with the law, with a focus on access to justice, prison reform, and human rights advocacy. CELSIR […] [texte] => The Center for Legal Support and Inmate Rehabilitation (CELSIR) is a non-profit social enterprise registered in Kenya as a Company Limited by Guarantee. We provide free legal aid and social support to indigent persons, especially those in conflict with the law, with a focus on access to justice, prison reform, and human rights advocacy.CELSIR actively engages in strategic litigation, including death penalty cases, and supports resentencing applications following Kenya’s Muruatetu decision. We also offer legal empowerment programs, policy advocacy, and reintegration support for formerly incarcerated individuals to reduce recidivism and promote safer communities.Since 2021, CELSIR has consistently observed the World Day Against the Death Penalty through public awareness campaigns, legal forums, community dialogues, and media outreach to amplify voices against capital punishment.In December 2023, CELSIRE conducted a Capital Defenders Training for legal practitioners, equipping them with the skills and strategies necessary to effectively defend individuals facing the death penalty. We have also participated in panel discussions on the effects of the death penalty on women, highlighting its gendered impact and advocating for gender-sensitive approaches to justice reform.In 2024, we partnered with the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide to file an amicus curiae petition before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, urging the Court to declare the death penalty a violation of human rights under the African Charter.Our work is rooted in human dignity, constitutionalism, and sustainable legal reform. Through partnerships, research, and grassroots legal support, CELSIR contributes to the growing movement toward the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [66] => Array ( [objectID] => 28442 [title] => Launch of a New Practical Guide on How to Prevent a Return to the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1752105600 [date] => 10/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/launch-of-a-new-practical-guide-on-how-to-prevent-a-return-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/guide-par-post-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), in partnership with members and allies who have worked on preventing the return of the death penalty, has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to react in the face of a risk of a return to the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), in partnership with members and allies who have worked on preventing the return of the death penalty, has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to react in the face of a risk of a return to the death penalty. (more…) "Launch of a New Practical Guide on How to Prevent a Return to the Death Penalty " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [67] => Array ( [objectID] => 28423 [title] => Security Myth & the Death Penalty What’s new since 2024? [timestamp] => 1751846400 [date] => 07/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/security-myth-the-death-penalty-whats-new-since-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Security Myth & the Death PenaltyWhat’s new since 2024?THE DEATH PENALTY IN NUMBERS*In 2024, the top 5 States thatexecuted the most people were:1. China2. Iran3. Saudi Arabia4. Iraq5. Yemen23 States are abolitionist inpractice.54 States are retentionist.113 States have abolishedthe death penalty for allcrimes.9 States have abolished thedeath penalty for ordinarylaw crimes.At the end of 2024, at least 28,085 persons were servingdeath sentences, and at least 1,518 executions wererecorded- the highest number since 2015.Highlights from World Day 2024 &Death Penalty Updates10 October 2024The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published anarticle “The Death Penalty Does Not Lead to Justice”UN Special Rapporteurs, Mai Sato and Morris Tidball-Binz, Gina Romero, andAlice Jill Edwards issued a joint statement condemning Iran’s surge inexecutions, urging accountability and progress towards abolition.The Council of Europe and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’Rights released press statements for World Day.The Pan African Lawyers Union filed a request for an advisory opinion with theAfrican Court on 10 October to seek an opinion on the death penalty as a violationof the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Civil society launched anAmicus Curiae brief to the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights regardingthe myth of security and the death penalty.*Statistics from Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2024More Death Penalty Updates17 December 2024- United Nations General Assembly adopted the 10 thresolutionfor a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 130 votes in favor out of 193United Nations Member States.19 December 2024- Zambia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.31 December 2024 – Zimbabwe abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.20 January 2025- In the United States of America, President Donald Trumpsigned an Executive Order on “Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting PublicSafety.”Our deep thanks to all who sharedtheir stories and the organizationsthat sent them.For full length testimonies, pleasevisit “Insecurity Revealed: VoicesAgainst the Death Penalty” on ourwebsite.North Carolina, U.S.A.Marshall Dayan is a capital defense lawyer whorepresented David Lawson, convicted of murder duringthe breaking and entering of a home.“I witnessed his execution in the gas chamber on June 15, 1994. […] It took Davidthirteen minutes to die. His death certificate lists ‘homicide’ as his cause of death. […]For the next several months, I was unable to work effectively. I had a brief due incourt, and despite several extensions of the due date, I was unable to write it; I wasfrozen […], but in retrospect it seems clear to me that I was suffering from majordepression after David Lawson’s execution. […] In short, though I understoodintellectually that I was not responsible for David Lawson’s execution, I neverthelessfelt the emotional loss of having had a client executed and could not help feeling that,as his lawyer, I had failed in my job to save his life.”Marshall Dayan’s story was shared by Witness to Innocence.This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union,the Government of Belgium, the Government of Switzerland, and the Paris Bar Association.The content of this document is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyand should in no way be considered to reflect the position of the EU,the above-mentioned Governments, nor the Paris Bar Association. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => Working with... [2] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/JM2025-Brochure-Insert_EN_vFINAL.pdf ) [68] => Array ( [objectID] => 28367 [title] => ALQST for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1750291200 [date] => 19/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/alqst-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ALQST-for-Human-Rights-logo-500x187.jpg [extrait] => ALQST for Human Rights is an independent NGO founded in 2014 by Saudi human rights defender Yahya Assiri to promote and defend human rights in Saudi Arabia. The quest for justice (the meaning of “Al-qist” in Arabic) lies at the heart of our work, and we take a rights-based approach grounded in international human rights […] [texte] => ALQST for Human Rights is an independent NGO founded in 2014 by Saudi human rights defender Yahya Assiri to promote and defend human rights in Saudi Arabia. The quest for justice (the meaning of “Al-qist” in Arabic) lies at the heart of our work, and we take a rights-based approach grounded in international human rights law to advocate for fundamental freedoms without discrimination. Through on-the-ground research, international advocacy, and campaigning, we expose human rights abuses and support victims.ALQST closely monitors the use of the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, tracking legal developments and documenting executions. We work with affected individuals and their families to seek international support, while advocating for a moratorium on executions with the ultimate goal of abolition. Through public advocacy and engagement with policymakers, we challenge Saudi Arabia’s judicial practices and push for systemic reforms to end capital punishment. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [69] => Array ( [objectID] => 28336 [title] => The death penalty and drug policy: abolitionist perspectives at the Harm Reduction International conference [timestamp] => 1750291200 [date] => 19/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-and-drug-policy-abolitionist-perspectives-at-the-harm-reduction-international-conference/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => From April 27 to 30, 2025, the Harm Reduction International (HRI) conference in Bogotá brought together several hundred activists, researchers and human rights defenders committed to drug policies based on health, rights and justice. [texte] => From April 27 to 30, 2025, the Harm Reduction International (HRI) conference in Bogotá brought together several hundred activists, researchers and human rights defenders committed to drug policies based on health, rights and justice. (more…) "The death penalty and drug policy: abolitionist perspectives at the Harm Reduction International conference" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [70] => Array ( [objectID] => 28328 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Indonesian [timestamp] => 1749686400 [date] => 12/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-indonesian-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BD_affiche-WC-2024-indonesian.pdf ) [71] => Array ( [objectID] => 28320 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Houssa [timestamp] => 1749686400 [date] => 12/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-houssa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/traductions_affiche-WC-2024-houssa.pdf ) [72] => Array ( [objectID] => 28341 [title] => Tribute to Sunny Jacobs by the Gender Working Group [timestamp] => 1749168000 [date] => 06/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/tribute-to-sunny-jacobs-by-the-gender-working-group/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CEDAW86-side-event-gender-and-death-penalty-2-1536x1152-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => It is with great sadness that the Gender Working Group of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty pays tribute to Sonia “Sunny” Jacobs, a tireless advocate and an inspiration to us all. [texte] => It is with great sadness that the Gender Working Group of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty pays tribute to Sonia “Sunny” Jacobs, a tireless advocate and an inspiration to us all. (more…) "Tribute to Sunny Jacobs by the Gender Working Group" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [73] => Array ( [objectID] => 28301 [title] => How to prevent a return to the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1748995200 [date] => 04/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-prevent-a-return-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => How to preventa return to theDeath Penalty ?Guidance and Strategies for preventing a return to the legalized death penalty and/ or executions after a moratorium PRACTICAL GUIDE 2December 2024World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS 6Introduction 7 1. Monitoring 8 Shifts in Death Penalty discourse 8 Monitoring broader human rights indicators beyond the death penalty 92. Assessing the risk – What constitutes a real risk of a returnto the death penalty and when should you react? 113. Developing an action plan based on risck level 13Where to start? 14 Developing Medium-to Long-term Strategies 214. Building Coalitions and Finding Allies 22Why do you need a Coalition? 22 Why do you need Allies? 24 How to find Coalition Members and Allies? 245. Shaping Narratives 26Analyze their narratives 26 Develop your counternarratives 27 Find experts and authorities to send out the message 30 Figure out the best way to send out your message 306. Security & Safety for Civil Society Organizations 31PRACTICAL GUIDEHOW TO PREVENT A RETURN TO THE DEATH PENALTY ? EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis guide by the World Coalition against the Death Penalty serves as an essential resource for civil society organizations, members of the World Coalition, and other stakeholders working to prevent the resurgence of the death penalty. In recent years, global trends toward abolition have faced setbacks, with some countries showing renewed interest in reinstating or resuming executions. Countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where an official moratorium was lifted in 2024 after decades without executions, illustrate the pressing need for vigilance and proactive measures to counteract these developments. The guide emphasizes that progress in human rights, including the abolition of capital punishment, is not always permanent. Political instability, populist agendas, and broader human rights rollbacks often accompany these resurgences, requiring a coordinated and strategic response.The guide offers a practical framework for monitoring, assessing, and countering the risk of a return to the death penalty. It highlights the importance of tracking early warning signs, such as legislative proposals, political rhetoric advocating executions, or changes in execution protocols. It also underscores the necessity of situating the death penalty within broader human rights challenges, such as shrinking civic space, erosion of judicial independence, and the targeting of activists.Grounded in international law, the guide also equips advocates with tools to leverage legal instruments that protect against the reinstatement of the death penalty. These instruments not only prohibit the death penalty under specific conditions but also create long-term frameworks that resist political regression.Recognizing the diverse contexts in which threats of resuming the death penalty arise, the guide introduces a risk assessment framework to helpadvocates tailor their strategies. From countries at low risk to those facing imminent reintroduction or execution orders, this guide provides actionable steps for varying threat levels. In situations of moderate risk, for example, public education and coalition-building are emphasized to prevent public support for capital punishment from gaining traction. In high-risk contexts, such as where bills are tabled in parliament or execution warrents are signed, the guide advises urgent legislative lobbying, international advocacy, and the mobilization of public opinion.Additionally, the guide highlights the critical role of coalitions and alliances in responding to threats. Bringing together diverse actors — including legal experts, faith leaders, and human rights defenders — ensures a coordinated and multifaceted response. Case studies from the Philippines and Türkiye demonstrate how such coalitions have effectively countered attempts to reinstate the death penalty through public awareness campaigns, legislative advocacy, and international engagement. This guide also serves as a reminder that working against the death penalty can be fraught with risks, particularly in countries where civic space is restricted or advocates face threats from state or non-state actors. By offering tools and resources for managing security risks, it underscores the need for both strategic planning and personal safety in thiswork.As a first step, this guide provides invaluable insights and strategies for navigating the complex and often politically charged landscape surrounding the death penalty. It equips advocates with knowledge, tools, and case studies to mount an effective response to emerging threats and to sustain progress toward universal abolition.By the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyWORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY3 4HOW TO PRREEACVETNTTO ATHRETRUISRKNOTFOATRHETDUERANTHTOPTEHNEALDTEYA?TH PENALTYOBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGYThe objective of this guide is to provide a tool that will enable members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), partners to the Countries at Risk campaign, and other abolitionist civil society organizations (CSOs) to effectively advocate against a possible return to the death penalty within their countries.From 2018-2024, the World Coalition launched a campaign to secure or maintain the abolition of the death penalty in countries that are abolitionist in law and practice and where there were known risks of a resurgence of the death penalty. The countries included in the campaign were the Maldives, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Türkiye.During the six years the campaign was in place, many strategies and lessons were learned about what it takes to prevent a return to capital punishment. These lessons were highlighted and explored by the External Evaluation for Phase 1 in 2021.During a meeting in Malaysia in July 2023 with representatives from CSOs, National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs), and other stakeholders from the 4 target countries, the strategies previously identified were shared, debated and built upon. The purpose was to identify strategies that were effective nationally and that can serve as models or inspiration in other national and regional contexts where the death penalty may return. Those lessons have been compiled to create this guide.PRACTICAL GUIDEIn addition to these consultative measures, a survey was conducted with all project partners asking specific questions on how they constitute a risk of a return to the death penalty and what practices worked and did not work for their situations. Their responses constitute the majority of this guide.Members of the World Coalition associated with the Countries at Risk campaign, as well as local partners hailing from the aforementioned target countries were all consulted for the drafting of this guide. Examples of case studies were written by the organizations and individuals who lived through the experience. This collaborative method allows those who have firsthand experience to contribute to the guide and to avoid any bias included by the principal author. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is grateful to Bronwyn Dudley, who was the principal author of this guide. The World Coalition extends a special thanks to Venus Avez, who provided research and drafting support, and to Nellia Halimi and Méline Szwarcberg, for providing production, expert review, coordination, and translation support for this guide. The World Coalition also wishes to acknowledge the considerable assistance it received from the following NGO representatives, and partners:Giada Girelli, Harm Reduction InternationalGregorio Tanaka Viterbo Jr., Free Legal Assistance GroupJuliette Rousselot, International Federation for Human RightsKaren Gomez-Dumpit, Anti-Death Penalty Asian NetworkShahindha Ismail, Maldivian Democracy NetworkYavuz Binbay, SOHRAM CASRA (Sosyal Yardımlaşma Rehabilitasyon ve Adaptasyon Merkezi)Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on the Maldives Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on the Philippines Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on Sri Lanka Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on TurkeyWORLD COALITION5AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY61 World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). (n.d.). Extrajudicial killings. Retrieved from: https://www.omct.org/en/what-we-do/extrajudicial-killings2 Amnesty International. (2024). Death sentences and executions in 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7952/2024/en/PRACTICAL GUIDEABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONSACHPR- African Commission on Human and Peoples’ RightsAICHR- Association of Southeast Asian Nations Intergovernmental Commission on Human RightsASEAN- Association of Southeast Asian NationsCSO- Civil Society OrganizationEU- European UnionGSP+- Generalized Scheme of Preferences PlusIACHR- Inter-American Commission on Human RightsICCPR- International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsNGO - Non-governmental organizationNHRI – National Human Rights InstitutionOP2-ICCPR- Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenanton Civil and Political RightsUNGA – United Nationals General AssemblyWorld Coalition - World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyMoratorium : A temporary suspension of executions and, more rarely, of death sentences. Every few years, the UN Member States vote on a formal moratorium on the death penalty.Extrajudicial Killings1 : Extrajudicial killings, or extrajudicial executions, happen when someonein an official position deliberately kills a person without any legal process. Such arbitrary deprivations of life, which can also be carried out by militias, death squads or other non-State actors, often target political opponents, activists,or marginalized groups.Abolitionist in law : A country whose laws do n [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/EN_guidePaysRisque_v6.pdf ) [74] => Array ( [objectID] => 28294 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 58th session [timestamp] => 1747872000 [date] => 22/05/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-58th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 58th Regular Session from February 24 to April 4, 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 58th Regular Session from February 24 to April 4, 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 58th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [75] => Array ( [objectID] => 28290 [title] => 49th UPR Session Highlights Continued Calls for the Respect of International Human Rights Standards [timestamp] => 1747872000 [date] => 22/05/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/49th-upr-session-highlights-continued-calls-for-the-respect-of-international-human-rights-standards/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The 49th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) session took place from the 28th of April to the 9th of May 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international push for death penalty reform, with a significant number of recommendations for Grenada, Guyana, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lesotho. [texte] => The 49th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) session took place from the 28th of April to the 9th of May 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international push for death penalty reform, with a significant number of recommendations for Grenada, Guyana, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lesotho. (more…) "49th UPR Session Highlights Continued Calls for the Respect of International Human Rights Standards" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Grenada [1] => Guyana [2] => Kenya [3] => Kuwait [4] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [5] => Lesotho ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [76] => Array ( [objectID] => 28288 [title] => Immature Minds in a “Maturing Society”: Roper v. Simmons at 20 [timestamp] => 1745971200 [date] => 30/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/immature-minds-in-a-maturing-society-roper-v-simmons-at-20/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Twenty years after Roper v. Simmons ended the juvenile death penalty, new scientific and societal insights challenge the age-18 cutoff. This report introduces new DPI analysis of the trends in sentencing and executions of defendants age 18 to 20 based on twenty years of data, from the time of the Roper decision on March 1, 2005 through the end of 2024. [texte] => Immature Minds in a “Maturing Society” Roper v. Simmons at 20Acknowledgements The Death Penalty Information Center (DPI) is a national non-profit organization whose mission is to serve the media, policymakers, and the general public with data and analysis on issues concerning capital punishment and the people it affects. DPI does not take a position on the death penalty itself but is critical of problems in its application. This report was written and produced by DPI staff. Executive Director: Robin M. Maher Deputy Director, Project Manager: Pamela Quanrud Authors: Pamela Quanrud, Leah Roemer, Nina Motazedi, Anne Holsinger, Tiana Herring Writing and Research Support: Hayley Bedard, Delaney Patterson, Tyler Yang, Claire Moustafellos Data Analysis: Leah Roemer, Pamela Quanrud, Tiana Herring Report Design: Kinari Council Additional Contributors: Anumta Ali, Amelia Cogan, Juntong (Linda) Ding, Naomi Joseph, Karl Mbouombouo, Quan Yuan, Xinyue (Monica) Zhang. We would like to thank Frank Baumgartner for sharing his data, which helped verify the age of an individual at the time of the crime for purposes of this report. Thank you to DPI Board Members for their support. DPI is funded through the generosity of individual donors and foundations, including the Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center; the Fund for Nonviolence; M. Quinn Delaney; and the Tides Foundation. The views expressed in this report are those of DPI and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its donors.Introduction Twenty years ago, in Roper v. Simmons,1 the United States Supreme Court held that the “Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments forbid imposition of the death penalty on offenders who were under the age of eighteen when their crimes were committed.”2 The decision, after the execution of twenty-two3 people who committed crimes under the age of 18 during the modern death penalty era, marked the end of the juvenile death penalty in the United States.In Roper, United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy drew on state trends in the treatment of young people, scientific and medical studies, and the penological justifications underpinning capital punishment to support the Court’s decision that “today our society views juveniles . . . as categorically less culpable”4 than other defendants. In doing so, Justice Kennedy acknowledged the inherent arbitrariness in selecting an age cutoff: “The qualities that distinguish juveniles from adults do not disappear when an individual turns 18,” he wrote, “however, a line must be drawn.”5 Twenty years later, the scientific, public policy, legal, and common-sense rationale that supported the Roper decision has become stronger in almost every respect—with one exception. The Roper Court said age 18 was “the point where society draws the line for many purposes between childhood and adulthood.”6 Today, a growing body of evidence now suggests that the line has been redrawn. Chapter One details the factors that led the Supreme Court to find a societal consensus against the execution of juveniles. Chapter Two updates and expands the data used by the Roper Court. Chapter Three examines how racial bias affects determinations of youth and culpability, with original research and analysis by DPI. Chapter Four provides an overview of the recent science about juvenile brains and behavior and then examines why many experts have concluded that this scientific understanding applies equally to those ages 18, 19, and 20. Chapter Five explains how society views youth ages 18, 19, and 20 as more similar to juveniles than adults. Note: Throughout this report, references to 18- to 20-year-olds in a criminal context should be understood to mean individuals who were 18-, 19-, or 20-years-old at the time of the crime. “To implement this framework we have established the propriety and affirmed the necessity of referring to ‘the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society’ to determine which punishments are so disproportionate as to be cruel and unusual.” Justice Kennedy, writing for the majority in Roper7 American Psychological Association Resolution In 2022, the American Psychological Association’s Council of Representatives overwhelmingly voted in favor of a resolution opposing the death penalty for individuals who committed crimes at ages 18-20.8 The resolution noted, “it is clear the brains of 18- to 20-year-olds are continuing to develop in key brain systems related to higher-order executive functions and self-control, such as planning ahead, weighing consequences of behavior, and emotional regulation” and that 18- to 20-year old “brain development cannot be distinguished reliably from that of 17-year-olds with regard to these key brain systems.”9 American Bar Association Resolution In 2018, the American Bar Association House of Delegates overwhelmingly adopted a resolution calling for the end of the death penalty for defendants who were 21 or younger at the time of the crime.10 In a report accompanying the resolution, the ABA noted that “there is growing medical consensus that key areas of the brain relevant to decision-making and judgment continue to develop into the early twenties.”11Executive Summary • The U.S. Supreme Court’s jurisprudence has steadily moved toward expansion of legal protections for young people in line with society’s enlightened understanding of human development and behavior. During the past twenty years, the Court has held children under age 18 ineligible for: the death penalty (2005); life without parole sentences for nonhomicide crimes (2010); and mandatory life without parole sentences for homicide crimes (2012 and 2016). • New death sentences for 18- to 20-year-olds have diminished both in absolute terms and as a percentage of all new death sentences over the last twenty years. During the past five years, juries have sentenced just five such individuals to death. • Seventy percent of 18- to 20-year-olds currently on death row were sentenced before Roper was decided. Almost a third of 18- to 20-year-olds sentenced after Roper have been removed from death row because of judicial or executive action. • There are fewer jurisdictions sentencing 18- to 20-year-olds to death. Since 2020, only three of the eighteen states that imposed new death sentences imposed a death sentence on this age group. • Since the Roper decision, more than three-quarters of the death sentences given to 18- to 20-year-olds have been imposed on people of color. This is higher than the rate found in older defendants: half of the death sentences imposed on adults 21 and older were imposed on people of color during this same time frame. • California is an outlier. In the twenty years since Roper, nine out of ten death sentences given to 18- to 20-year-olds were imposed on people of color. • Studies suggest that Black youth are held to different standards than their white peers as it concerns guilt and punishment. Juries and other decision makers are more likely to perceive Black youth as older than their actual age, “less innocent” and more “angry.” • Since Roper, people of color who are 18 to 20 years old are twice as likely as white defendants in the same age range to be executed. • The average age at the time of crime for people sentenced to death is 34.3 for white people and 29.7 for people of color, a nearly five-year gap; the gap is as large as 15 years in some individual states. • Texas alone accounts for half of all executions of 18- to 20-year-olds since Roper—80 percent of whom were people of color. • Studies of brain development and juvenile behavior show that key factors cited by the Court in Roper (poor impulse control and unnecessary risk-taking) are not only present in adolescence, but also in 18- to 20-year-olds. • Like adolescents, 18- to 20-year-olds are prone to greater risk-taking when in a group. A DPI analysis of executions in Texas found that almost two-thirds of defendants in this age range were tried for crimes committed alongside one or more other people, compared to just one-third of older defendants.Table of Contents Chapter One How the Supreme Court Found Societal Consensus Against the Execution of Juveniles • Cases Leading to Roper v. Simmons • Roper v. Simmons • In the Wake of Roper Cleo LeCroy: "Immature 17-Year-Old Juvenile to a Mature Middle-Aged Man" Chapter Two Objective Indicia of Societal Consensus Around 18- to 20-Year-Olds • Trends in Capital Punishment for Youth 18 to 20 in the U.S. • Trends in Death Sentencing • Trends in Executions • Trends in Texas Crime Characteristics Carey Dale Grayson: A “Nonsensical” and “Arbitrary” Execution Chapter Three Racial Disparities Among Capitally Charged, Sentenced, and Executed 18- to 20-Year-Olds • Racial Trends in Death Sentencing • Racial Trends in Executions Ramiro Gonzales: Executed Despite Being No Threat to Society Christa Pike: A Story of Childhood Trauma and Abuse Chapter Four The Evolving Science of Young Brains • How Science Persuaded the Roper Court that Juveniles Are Different • Modern Studies of Brain Development in 18- to 20-Year-Olds • Adverse Childhood Experiences and Brain Development Henry McCollum and Leon Brown: Pressured into False Confessions Chapter Five 18- to 20-Year-Olds in Life and Law • Defining Emerging Adulthood • Statutes Curtailing the Rights and Responsibilities of 18- to 20-Year-Olds in Daily Life • Young Adults in the Criminal Legal System • Who is an Adult in the Eyes of the Law? • The Retreat from Harsh Punishment for Young Defendants • Trends in Sentencing Relief for Young Adults Convicted of Violent Crimes Conclusion APPENDIX A 1 3 6 8 13 15 18 20 21 23 25 28 30 33 35 39 45 50 53 55 56 57 58 17 41 42 59 60 65 66Endnotes 1.Roper v. Simmons, 534 U.S. 551 (2005). 2. Id. at 578. 3. Victor L. Streib, “The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentence and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 – February 28, 2005”. 4. Roper at 567. 5. Id. at 574. 6. Id. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Drug Offenses [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Juveniles [6] => Mental Illness [7] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://dpic-cdn.org/production/documents/pdf/Immature-Minds.pdf?dm=1747065928 ) [77] => Array ( [objectID] => 28215 [title] => Budget Template FSTP-FFPA 2025 [timestamp] => 1745280000 [date] => 22/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/budget-template-fstp-ffpa-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/EN-WCADP-BudgetTemplate-FSTP-FFPA_2025.xlsx ) [78] => Array ( [objectID] => 28199 [title] => Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition – APPLICATION FORM [timestamp] => 1745280000 [date] => 22/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-application-form/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Financial Support to Third Parties- Global Consortium for Death Penalty AbolitionAPPLICATION FORMName of the organization/informal network:Country:Legal status, if any:Point of ContactFirst Name, LAST NAME: Position/ Title: Email address: Telephone number/WhatsApp/Signal (incl. country code):Additional informationPlease include (web) links to your previous work against the death penalty or related activities including website and social media handles:Please confirm that you are applying as a:civil society organization (CSO - for the purpose of this call for proposals, CSOs include all non-State, not-for-profit structures, non-partisan and non-violent, through which people organize to pursue shared objectives and ideals, whether political, cultural, social or economic); orinformal network of people opposed to the death penalty And that your organization is:non-profit-making or social enterprises; and have as part of its mandate the protection and promotion of human rights.Which grant are you applying for? Please select only one:Grant Drug-related Research with Harm Reduction InternationalGrant Asia with The Rights Practice (TRP)Grant Gender with the World CoalitionGrant World Day 2025 with the World CoalitionGrant Ratification with the World CoalitionPlease tick this box to confirm that your proposal is aligned with the specific conditions for this country as indicated in the call for proposals, in particular (i) Available Grants, Indicative Budget and maximum amount:I have read the specific conditions that apply for this country and my proposal reflects itProposal’s Objectives: Please select one of the following expected results:R1: For projects focused on retentionist countries: Reducing the use of capital punishment and encouraging more transparency regarding its application. R2: For projects focused on Abolitionist in practice countries: Abolishing the death penalty in law. R3: For projects focused on Abolitionist in law countries: Ratifying abolitionist treaties and preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty. Please explain how your activities will help achieve these results and address here any security risks or any sensitivity issue we need to be aware of. Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pagePlanned Activities:Your organizations’ planned activities must be in line with the specificities of the grant you have selected above. The project may consist of one or more activities. Please detail each activity you plan to carry out and explain how they are related to the relevant objective (half a page per activity).List of activities eligible for financial support under this call: advocacy at the national level in favor of abolition including advocacy with abolitionist in practice countries and abolitionist in law countries to increase visibility of support for the anti-death penalty movement; building the capacities and awareness of parliamentarians, government officials and capital-defense lawyers; supporting civil society engagement with international human rights mechanisms; improving the conditions of detention of people on death row; supporting families of persons charged with capital offences and or of people on death row; strengthening the capacities of judicial and administrative authorities; research and data collection; documentation and litigation support; building the capacity of civil society, including governance practices and project management; supporting exoneree-led activities and amplifying exoneree voices; movement growth, innovation and coalition building; supporting advocacy, monitoring and capacity building of target groups; awareness, media and campaigns; crisis response to quickly react to in-country developments and mobilise relevant actors; mobilization of non-conventional stakeholders in the movement (eg. young people, private sector, cultural or sports sector) through actions including educational, technological, cultural activities; advocacy to hold abolitionist countries to account for any adverse shifts in law, policy or practice.activities aimed at making visible and combating the discrimination faced by women and/or LGBTQIA+ people in the judicial process leading to the death penaltyActivity 1: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activityTargeted audience and national context for Activity 1:Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context (please indicate overall number, and disaggregated data when relevant, such as gender, race, age, disability, experience).Explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audience (Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity):Activity 2: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activityTargeted audience and national context for Activity 2:Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context (please indicate overall number, and disaggregated data when relevant, such as gender, race, age, disability, experience). Also explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audience (Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity):** If further Activities envisaged, add additional boxes here Evaluation criteria:Please note that your proposal should take the following points into consideration:Activities are well explained and realisticActivities are in line with the selected objective(s). The design of the proposal is coherent, the proposal indicates the expected results to be achieved and the rationale to achieve these results through the activitiesActivities are relevant for the target audience and objectives, targets are clearly defined and strategically chosen. Their needs and constraints have been clearly defined and the proposal address them appropriately. Additional points for projects that target duty-bearers. Planning is realisticBudget is realisticBudget is in line with the activitie(s)Budget is cost efficientProjects that are gender and intersectional sensitive and meaningfully include exonerees and youth voices and humanize people on death row will be valuedProjects that collaborate with new allies and/or create cross-generational, cross-regional, cross-industry alliances will be valuedProjects that are in synergy with other activities within the Consortium and beyond the Consortium will also be valued Projects with an activity for World Day against the Death Penalty to reach out to new allies will be valued Projects that are innovative will be valuedProjects that foster information exchange/debunk myths or misinformation/fill in information gaps will be valuedProjects that have potential for replication and sustainability will be valuedProject’s Detailed Budget and Timeline:When do you plan to do your activity(ies)?Please note that activities conducted between June 2025 and March 2026 are eligible.Expected start date of your proposal:Expected end date of your proposal:Estimated dates for activity 1:Estimated dates for activity 2:** If further Activities envisaged, add dates here:How much do you need to do your activity(ies)?Total amount:Please fill in the attached Excel Sheet for the detailed costs.Please note that the maximum amount you may request is specific to each grant. Please note that you will be asked for a list of expenses and proofs or receipts of expenditure if your proposal is selected, so only put realistic costs that you know you will be able to justify.If the budget available will only contribute to cover some costs for your activities, rather than fund the whole activity cost, please supply a budget solely for the requested funds and indicate here it if part of a larger budget, and what that larger budget is:Ineligible costs:costs already financed by another donor;purchases of land or buildings;currency exchange losses;in kind contributions and volunteers' work;salary of national administrations personnel.Annual budget and previous experience:Please indicate your annual budget in EUROS, if any, and explain if you have recently managed a similar grantIf the funds requested exceed your annual budget, what measures will you put in place to manage it (for example, who will you track expenses, activities and report to the organization responsible for the fund management)?Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pageIn submitting this budget proposal, you commit to (Please tick all the boxes):Not to include imputed costs or costs of volunteer services;Respecting the principle of prohibiting double financing of expenditure (no co-financing by EU delegation, etc);Respecting the non-profit principleRespecting financial deadlines, if you are selectedRespecting the exchange rate of the European Union Commission, on the following link: https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_frDATE OF SUBMISSION: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/EN-WCADP-ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA_2025.docx ) [79] => Array ( [objectID] => 28173 [title] => For a world free from the shadows of the gallows [timestamp] => 1744588800 [date] => 14/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/for-a-world-free-from-the-shadows-of-the-gallows/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/amnesty-annual-report-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 8 April 2025, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that with continued advocacy, it is just a matter of time before the death penalty will be fully abolished globally. [texte] => On 8 April 2025, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that with continued advocacy, it is just a matter of time before the death penalty will be fully abolished globally. (more…) "For a world free from the shadows of the gallows" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [3] => Iraq [4] => Japan [5] => Malaysia [6] => Saudi Arabia [7] => United States [8] => Viet Nam [9] => Zambia [10] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Gender [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Mental Illness [6] => Moratorium [7] => Terrorism [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [80] => Array ( [objectID] => 28190 [title] => Amicus Curiae brief in support of the Pan African Lawyers Union’s request for an Advisory Opinion on the Compatibility of the Death Penalty with the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1744243200 [date] => 10/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amicus-curiae-brief-in-support-of-the-pan-african-lawyers-unions-request-for-an-advisory-opinion-on-the-compatibility-of-the-death-penalty-with-the-african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this submission in support of the Pan African Lawyers Union, the amici explain that the death penalty per se is an arbitrary deprivation of life, in violation of Article 4 of the African Charter, because the weight of the evidence shows that the death penalty is not necessary to achieve the stated purpose of reducing crime and as a penalty implicating human rights under the Charter it is disproportionate to the benefits it seeks to capture. [texte] => FH99999.9IN THE AFRICAN COURT ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTSREQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION NO. 0001OF 2024AMICUS CURIAEBYThe Advocates for Human Rights (United States of America); Coalition ofSomali Human Rights Defenders (Somalia); CPJ (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo); DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights(Botswana); ECPM (France); FIACAT (France); HANAHR (Somalia);Kenya Human Rights Commission (Kenya); Legal and Human RightsCentre (Tanzania); La Ligue Algérienne pour la Défense des Droits del’Homme (Algeria); Reprieve (United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland); Rescue Alternatives Liberia (Liberia); the WorldCoalition Against the Death Penalty (France), and Dr. Michael L. Radelet(United States of America).IN THE MATTER OF A REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION ONTHE COMPATIBILITY OF THE DEATH PENALTY WITH THEAFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS ANDOTHER HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS APPLICABLE IN AFRICA(Made under Article 4 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Humanand Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of the African Court onHuman and Peoples’ Rights and Rule 68 of the Rules of the AfricanCourt on Human and Peoples’ Rights)10 April 2025iFH99999.9Table of ContentsI. STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF THE AMICUS ..................................................... 1II. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ............................................................................. 2III. RELEVANT LAWS ........................................................................................... 3A. National Laws .......................................................................................... 3B. African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1984) ................................ 4C. International Law ..................................................................................... 4IV. ARGUMENT ................................................................................................... 6A. Article 4 of the African Charter Is the Fulcrum of all other Rights .................. 6B. The Court Has Yet to Contemplate the Arbitrariness of the Death PenaltyPer Se ...................................................................................................... 7C. The Death Penalty Should Be Considered “Arbitrary” Because it isUnnecessary to Achieve the Legitimate State Purpose of Deterrence andDisproportionate to the Benefits it Seeks to Capture through Deterrence ... 11D. The Death Penalty Does Not Serve the Interest of Deterrence .................... 13E. The Death Penalty Is Not “Absolutely Necessary” to Deter Crime .............. 15(1) Studies Claiming to Prove that the Death Penalty Deters Crime are Unreliable............................................................................................................ 16(2) Comparative Reviews Confirm that the Death Penalty is not “AbsolutelyNecessary” to Deter Crime .................................................................... 22(3) The Death Penalty is Not More Effective in Achieving Deterrence than LessRestrictive Measures Like Imprisonment ................................................. 24F. The Death Penalty Is Not A “Proportionate” Way to Achieve the Interest ofCrime Deterrence ................................................................................... 29(1) The Death Penalty Has a Disproportionate Impact ................................... 30(2) The Death Penalty Impinges on other Human Rights ................................ 36(3) The Availability of Less Restrictive Measures to Pursue Crime PreventionCompared to the Death Penalty’s Harmful Effects Makes it GrosslyDisproportional. .................................................................................... 41V. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 43Appendix 1: Signatory List and Mission Description ............................................ 45Appendix 2: List of Authorities and Supporting Documents ................................. 501I. STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF THE AMICUS1. The amici curiae are non-governmental organizations and scholarscommitted to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rightsstandards and the rule of law and, in particular, to the abolition of the scourge onhuman life and dignity that is represented by capital punishment. As advocates forthese foundational rights, we have both an interest in the outcome of this AdvisoryOpinion and specialized expertise in the questions of law before the African Court onHuman and Peoples’ Rights (the “Court”). We respectfully submit this brief on thequestion of whether the death penalty is per se an arbitrary deprivation of life, inviolation of Article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the “AfricanCharter”) and other international legal instruments. Specifically, the amici seek tobring our experience and expertise to bear on the myth that the death penalty detersthe commission of serious crimes. We respectfully submit that there is a dearth ofcredible evidence that the death penalty achieves any measurable success in crimeprevention1 and provide evidence that other measures, which do not impinge on theright to life, provide equal or greater deterrent effects.2 The amici urge this Court totake the final step in an overwhelming trend away from imposing the death penaltyacross the African Continent3 and rule that the death penalty violates the right to life,and that provisions of law persisting in some Member States of the African Union thatpermit the use of capital punishment must be struck down.42. The amici are as follows: The Advocates for Human Rights (UnitedStates of America); Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders (Somalia); CPJ(Democratic Republic of the Congo); DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre forHuman Rights (Botswana); ECPM (France); FIACAT (France); HANAHR (Somalia);Kenya Human Rights Commission (Kenya); Legal and Human Rights Centre(Tanzania); La Ligue Algérienne pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme (Algeria);Reprieve (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); Rescue Alternatives1 See, infra, § IV.E (1).2 See, infra, § IV. E (2).3 See, infra, ¶¶ 10, 22.4 See, infra, § V.2Liberia (Liberia); the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (France), and Dr.Michael L. Radelet (United States of America).5II. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT3. Article 4 of the Charter provides unique protections for the right to life,and unlike other similar international legal instruments,6 contains no explicit exceptionfor the death penalty. Nevertheless, retentionist States continue to impose the deathpenalty based on the false assumption that it deters serious crimes. This assumptionis unsubstantiated by credible evidence. Outdated studies which purport to supportthe premise that the death penalty curbs crime are methodologically unsound. Acomparative analysis of abolitionist and retentionist jurisdictions demonstrates thatthere is no credibly measurable difference in the occurrence of violent crime. Somejurisdictions have seen a reduction in crime following the abolition of capitalpunishment.4. Capital punishment is proven to have a disproportionate impact oneconomically vulnerable and marginalized communities and cannot provide a broaddeterrent to crime where it is applied in such a manner. Separate from itsdiscriminatory application, it is established in modern international human rightsjurisprudence that the death penalty violates numerous other human rights—inparticular, the prohibitions against torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment.5. The overwhelming global consensus among scholars of capitalpunishment is that alternative policies that increase the certainty rather than theseverity of punishment are equally or more effective than the death penalty atachieving the same objective of crime reduction. For example, policies which enhancelaw enforcement capabilities to investigate criminal conduct and apprehend andprosecute perpetrators have a greater deterrent effect on crime. Such alternativepolicies do not impinge on the right to life.5 Please see Appendix 1 for additional information about the amici.6 See, e.g., International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”), Art. 6(2) (expressly permittingthe death penalty subject to a number of restrictions).36. For these and other reasons addressed in the principal Request for anAdvisory Opinion of the Court, international human rights jurisprudence has held thatthe death penalty must be abolished. The amici respectfully submit that the AfricanCourt should arrive at the same conclusion. Such a finding accords with the positionof the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (“African Commission”)and with the trend among the majority of African States which have abolished thedeath penalty in law or in practice.7. In this submission, the amici explain that the death penalty per se entailsan arbitrary deprivation of life, in violation of Article 4 of the African Charter, becausethe weight of the evidence shows that the death penalty is not necessary to achievethe stated purpose of reducing crime is disproportionate to the benefits it seeks tocapture.III. RELEVANT LAWS8. This section compiles the relevant Laws for the questions addressed inthis brief. Subsection A discusses the status of the death penalty in African States.Further, Subsection B lists the relevant provisions in the African Charter on Humanand Peoples’ Rights that are addressed in this brief. Subsection C enumeratesinternational law standards germane to the analysis of the death penalty.A. National Laws9. Six African States have retained legal provisions for the imposition ofcapital punishment and have carried out executions within the past ten years:Botswana, Egypt, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan.710. Twenty-five African States observe a moratorium on capital punishment,either expressly or in practice (such that executions have not been carried out [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Legal Representation [5] => Moratorium [6] => Murder Victims' Families [7] => Terrorism [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/Res/African%20Court%20Amicus%20Brief%2010%20April%202025.pdf ) [81] => Array ( [objectID] => 28134 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2024 [timestamp] => 1744070400 [date] => 08/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2024. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows an increase by 32% in recorded executions compared to 2023. This does not include the thousands of people believed to have been executed in China, as well as in North Korea and Viet Nam, also believed to have resorted to executions extensively. For the second consecutive year, executing countries reached the lowest number on record. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCESAND EXECUTIONS2024AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORTIndex: ACT 50/8976/2025Original language: English© Amnesty International 2025Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensedunder a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives,international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website:www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than AmnestyInternational this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2025 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgAmnesty International is a movement of 10 million peoplewhich mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaignsfor change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our visionis of a world where those in power keep their promises,respect international law and are held to account. We areindependent of any government, political ideology, economicinterest or religion and are funded mainly by our membershipand individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarityand compassion with people everywhere can change oursocieties for the better.3DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2024 4NOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2024 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7EXECUTIONS 9METHODS OF EXECUTION IN 2024 11DEATH SENTENCES 12COMMUTATIONS, PARDONS AND EXONERATIONS 13THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2024: IN VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 13REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 15AMERICAS 15ASIA PACIFIC 21EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 28MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 29SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 34ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2024 40RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2024 40RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2024 41ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2024 42ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2024 44ANNEX IV: VOTING RESULTS OF UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 79/179,ADOPTED ON 17 DECEMBER 2024 463503253002752502252001751501251007550250EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2024 This map indicates the general locationsof boundaries and jurisdictions andshould not be interpreted as AmnestyInternational’s view on disputed territories.+ indicates that the figure that AmnestyInternational has calculated is a minimum.Where + is not preceded by a number,this means that Amnesty Internationalis confident that there was more thanone execution, but it was unable toestablish a credible minimum figure.6. SOMALIARecorded executions fellby about 11%, from 38in 2023 to 34 in 2024.10. SYRIAThe use of the deathpenalty continued butcredible minimumfigures were unavailabledue to conflict.5. YEMENKnown executionsmore than doubled,from 15 in 2023to 38 in 2024.1. CHINAContinued to execute and sentenceto death thousands of people butkept figures secret.2. IRANRecorded executionsincreased by about 14%compared to 2023, with morethan half for drug-relatedoffences.3. SAUDI ARABIARecorded executionsdoubled in comparisonwith 2023, largely forterrorism and drug-related offences.8. EGYPTRecorded executions roseby over 62% comparedto 2023.4. IRAQRecorded executions almostquadrupled compared to 2023,mainly due to spikes in executionsfor terrorism related offences.7. USAFour US states resumedexecutions, and Alabamatripled its yearly total.9. NORTH KOREAThe death penalty is likely to beused at a sustained rate, butstate secrecy makes it difficult toindependently verify.11. VIET NAMDeath sentences were imposedextensively for drug-related offences.Of the executing countries in 2024,the 11 countries listed on the map havepersistently executed people in the pastfive years (2020–2024).CHINAIRANSAUDI ARABIAIRAQYEMENSOMALIAUSAEGYPTSINGAPOREKUWAITOMANAFGHANISTANNORTH KOREASYRIAVIET NAM1,000s345+972+63+38+ 34+2513 9 6 3 + + ++DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL6DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalNOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURESON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2024.As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures;judgments; information from individuals sentenced to death; their families and representatives; mediareports; and, as specified, other civil society organizations.Amnesty International reports on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of thedeath penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. Inmany countries, governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In Chinaand Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2024,little or no information was available on some countries – in particular Belarus, Laos and NorthKorea – due to restrictive state practice. Therefore, for a significant number of countries, AmnestyInternational’s figures on the use of the death penalty are the minimum recorded. The true overallfigures are likely to be higher.In 2009, Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of thedeath penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authoritiesmisrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear thatthe figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of therestrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty;however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed andsentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publishinformation on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of thisreport, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example, Iraq(63+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 63 executions, death sentences or personsunder sentence of death in Iraq but believes that there were more than 63. Where “+” appears aftera country name without a figure – for instance, Oman (+) – it means that Amnesty International hascorroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death (more than one) inthat country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure. When calculatingglobal and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of thenature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or themethod used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition ofthe death penalty.7DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATHPENALTY IN 2024“This Act [on abolition] is more than a legal reform; it is astatement of our commitment to justice and humanity […]We recognise the importance of rehabilitation and the needto move away from retribution.”Ziyambi Ziyambi, Minister of Justice and Parliamentary Affairs of Zimbabwe 1GLOBAL TRENDSAmnesty International’s figures on the global use of the death penalty in 2024 showed a sharp increasein recorded executions, while the number of executing countries remained at a record-low point.Amnesty International recorded a 32% rise in known executions from 2023, bringing the 2024 total tothe highest yearly figure since 2015. The spike was driven primarily by increases in three countries –Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.The known totals did not include thousands of people believed to have been executed in China, whichremained the world’s lead executioner; and North Korea and Viet Nam, countries believed to continueto carry out executions extensively but where access to information is restricted.In 2024, the death penalty remained a prominent tool used by several governments to exert controlon the population and stifle dissent, particularly targeting human rights defenders, protesters,dissidents, and political opponents, and having a disproportionate impact on those belonging toethnic or religious minorities and from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. Among otherexamples, the Iranian authorities used the death penalty to punish individuals who had challenged,or were perceived as having challenged, the Islamic Republic establishment and its politico-religiousideologies during the Woman Life Freedom uprising of September-December 2022. The Saudiauthorities continued to weaponize the death penalty to silence political dissent and punish nationalsfrom the country’s Shi’a minority who supported “anti-government” protests between 2011 and2013. Resort to the death penalty for broadly defined “security” or terrorism related offences wassignificant across several countries.1 The Herald, “Zimbabwe abolishes death penalty”, 31 December 2024, https://www.herald.co.zw/zimbabwe-abolishes-death-penalty/8DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalThe false perception that the death penalty has a unique deterrent effect on crime also continued todrive dangerous and dehumanizing narratives. In March, the Minister of Justice of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo formally announced that the government decided to resume executions tocombat “treason” within the army at a time when armed conflict in the country was escalating, and toend deadly gang violence in several cities. The military authorities of Burkina Faso announced plansto reintroduce the death penalty for ordinary crimes, which was abolished in the Penal Code in 2018,highlightin [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Gender [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Mental Illness [6] => Moratorium [7] => Terrorism [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ACT5089762025ENGLISH.pdf ) [82] => Array ( [objectID] => 28101 [title] => 48th UPR Session Highlights Growing Calls for Death Penalty Reform [timestamp] => 1743379200 [date] => 31/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/48th-upr-session-highlights-growing-calls-for-death-penalty-reform/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => The 48th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) took place from the 20th to the 31st of January 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international focus on the death penalty, with a significant number of recommendations for The Gambia, Fiji, Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. [texte] => The 48th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) took place from the 20th to the 31st of January 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international focus on the death penalty, with a significant number of recommendations for The Gambia, Fiji, Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. (more…) "48th UPR Session Highlights Growing Calls for Death Penalty Reform" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt [1] => Fiji [2] => Gambia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Moratorium [2] => Public Opinion [3] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [83] => Array ( [objectID] => 28092 [title] => Judicial Influence on Death Penalty Abolition: Global Legal Perspectives at the Biennial High-Level Panel [timestamp] => 1743120000 [date] => 28/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/judicial-influence-on-death-penalty-abolition-global-legal-perspectives-at-the-biennial-high-level-panel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On February 25, 2025, the biennial high-level panel on the death penalty was held at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, under the theme “Contribution of the Judiciary to the Advancement of Human Rights and the Question of the Death Penalty.” [texte] => On February 25, 2025, the biennial high-level panel on the death penalty was held at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, under the theme "Contribution of the Judiciary to the Advancement of Human Rights and the Question of the Death Penalty." (more…) "Judicial Influence on Death Penalty Abolition: Global Legal Perspectives at the Biennial High-Level Panel" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Gender [3] => Moratorium [4] => Public Opinion [5] => Trend Towards Abolition [6] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [84] => Array ( [objectID] => 27743 [title] => Advocacy for recognition of the reality of women sentenced to death at the first Women in Corrections conference [timestamp] => 1742515200 [date] => 21/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocacy-for-recognition-of-the-reality-of-women-sentenced-to-death-at-the-first-women-in-corrections-conference/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/advocacy-for-recognition-of-the-reality-of-women-sentenced-to-death-at-the-first-women-in-corrections-conference-500x250.jpg [extrait] => A World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) delegation participated in the first Women in Corrections Conference (WICC), held in Bangkok, Thailand, in February 2025. [texte] => A World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) delegation participated in the first Women in Corrections Conference (WICC), held in Bangkok, Thailand, in February 2025. (more…) "Advocacy for recognition of the reality of women sentenced to death at the first Women in Corrections conference" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [85] => Array ( [objectID] => 28078 [title] => From poverty to punishment: Examining laws and practices which criminalise women due to poverty or status worldwide [timestamp] => 1742169600 [date] => 17/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-poverty-to-punishment-examining-laws-and-practices-which-criminalise-women-due-to-poverty-or-status-worldwide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report exposes how laws and policies disproportionately criminalise women due to their socio-economic status and vulnerabilities, and calls for urgent reforms to stop the criminalisation of women for poverty, survival strategies and gendered norms. [texte] => From povertyto punishmentExamining laws and practices which criminalise womendue to poverty or status worldwideFrom poverty to punishment: Examining laws and practiceswhich criminalise women due to poverty or status worldwideThis document is co-published by Penal ReformInternational, Women Beyond Walls, and the GlobalCampaign to Decriminalise Poverty and Status.This publication may be freely reviewed, abstracted,reproduced, and translated, in part or in whole, but notfor sale, or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes.Any changes to the text of this publication must beapproved by Penal Reform International. Due credit must begiven to Penal Reform International, Women Beyond Walls,and this publication.Enquiries about translating or reproducing thispublication in its entirety should be addressedto publications@penalreform.org.Penal Reform Internationalwww.penalreform.orgWomen Beyond Wallswww.womenbeyondwalls.orgPublished in March 2025.Any unreferenced facts or figures in this report arebased on primary sources or research conducted byPenal Reform International and/or Women Beyond Walls.Events or developments widely covered by the media arenot referenced.© 2025 Penal Reform International / Women Beyond WallsCover photo: Yuri A/Shutterstock.Graphic design by Alex Valy.From poverty to punishmentContentsForeword 04EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 05Introduction 12The feminisation of poverty 13Methodology 14International and regional standards and principles 15PART 1:Criminalisation of life-sustaining activities 17Laws or offences that specifically, or disproportionately,criminalise women due to povertyCriminalisation of petty theft 18Criminalisation of begging 19Criminalisation of women working in informal economies 20Criminalisation of debt and non-payment of fines 21Criminalisation of homelessness 22Offences of vagrancy, loitering, idleness 23Criminalisation of drug-related activities 24PART 2:Criminalisation due to status 31Laws or offences that specifically, or disproportionately,criminalise women due to statusCrimes against ‘honour‘ or ’morality’ 32Criminalisation of consensual sex outside marriage 32Blasphemy laws 33Laws prescribing dress codes 34Restriction of women’s travel and mobility 35Abortion 36Witchcraft and sorcery 38Sexual orientation and gender identity 40Sex work 41Suicide and attempted suicide 44RECOMMENDATIONS 45Acknowledgements 52> Click on a chapter above to go to its page.> From any page in the document, click on the page header to come back to the contents page.03Penal Reform International and Women Beyond WallsFrom poverty to punishment: ForewordForewordby Mary RobinsonFormer President of Ireland, former United NationsHigh Commissioner for Human RightsAs we stand on the cusp of the 30th anniversary of theBeijing Declaration and Platform for Action, this reportcasts a penetrating light on the often-overlooked plightof women ensnared in criminal justice systems. Thestaggering rise in the number of incarcerated women– driven by poverty, abuse, and discriminatory laws –demands urgent redress. Behind each statistic lies thestory of a woman whose potential has been stymied byinequality and injustice.During my presidency in Ireland, I made it a priority toreach out to the most marginalised, and it was clearthat women in prison were among them. In Ireland, 6thJanuary marks Nollaig na mBan, or Women’s Christmas.Each year, I spent it at the Dóchas Centre at MountjoyPrison, beginning with a priest celebrating mass, thendancing together, and finally, conversation with thewomen there over a cup of tea. On one visit, after myhusband Nick had been in the news for a speedingfine, a woman I had met before joked, “Wasn’t Nick infor something too?” Whenever I spent time with thewomen, I was always reminded of the humanity behindthe statistics – these were women full of great humour,intelligence, resilience, and potential.But the reality is that, around the world, thecircumstances leading women into contact withcriminal justice systems are not a joking matter. Theirimprisonment is too often the result of poverty, abuse,and systemic failures – concerns just as serious, andmuch more pressing today than when I was makingthose visits to Mountjoy. The number of women in prisonglobally has risen dramatically, with data showing thatthe number of women and girls in prison has grown byalmost 60 percent since 2000.We must collectively resolve toreform practices that criminalisewomen for their socio-economicstatus and vulnerabilities.We must collectively resolve to reform practices thatcriminalise women for their socio-economic statusand vulnerabilities, and we must ensure that the voicesand experiences of women with lived experience arebrought to the forefront of high-level policy discussions,including the upcoming Beijing +30 consultations andother high-level forums on gender equality.This report, co-authored by Penal Reform International(PRI) and Women Beyond Walls (WBW), serves as aclarion call to international bodies, governments, andcivil society to prioritise gender-responsive alternativesto imprisonment and invest in community-basedsupport systems. It is only through such transformativeactions that we can hope to dismantle the systemicinjustices that perpetuate the incarceration of women.By adopting a people-centred and human rights-focusedapproach, we can build justice systems that heal ratherthan harm and that truly embody the principle of leavingno one behind.Photo: Laura Cook.04Penal Reform International and Women Beyond WallsFrom poverty to punishment: Executive summaryExecutive summaryOverviewGlobally, the number of women who are criminalisedand imprisoned is rising at an alarming rate. Datapublished in February 2025 shows that more than733,000 women and girls are estimated to be in prisonworldwide. The female prison population has increasedby 57 percent since 2000. The number of women goingto prison is growing at a faster rate than that of men.Due to challenges in obtaining accurate informationand the systemic lack of prioritisation of this issue,the true scale of the issue is likely to be significantlyunderreported. Thousands more women – and theirchildren, whether detained alongside them or leftbehind – are impacted by the well-documented harmsof involvement with the criminal justice system.Despite its rapid growth, women’s detention is largelyoverlooked in policy-making and high-level forums onwomen’s rights. In 2021, research by Women BeyondWalls revealed that initiatives supporting incarceratedwomen and girls are critically underfunded, with70 percent of 34 organisations across 24 countriesreceiving no funding from women’s rights or humanrights donors. This lack of prioritisation and resourceshinders efforts to reduce women’s incarcerationglobally. In the rare instances where imprisoned womenare considered in policy conversations, they are oftenreduced to their caregiving roles, marginalising thosewho do not fit this stereotype and exposing them toharsher penalties, stigma, and policy neglect, whichexacerbates their vulnerabilities and makes theirstruggles invisible.The global female prison populationis estimated to have increased by57 percent since 2000. The numberof women going to prison is growingat a faster rate than that of men.To address the criminalisation and imprisonmentof women, there is an urgent need to gain a moredetailed understanding of the causes. This reportpublished by Penal Reform International and WomenBeyond Walls, both members of the Global Campaignto Decriminalise Poverty and Status, examines someof the laws and practices across the world that, whilenot explicitly targeting women, disproportionatelycriminalise them due to poverty, their vulnerabilityand/or their status as a woman.Poverty is not gender-neutral, and women areoverrepresented amongst the poor, resulting in thecriminalisation of poverty having an excessive impacton women. The report also exposes how genderdiscrimination and patriarchal norms target women dueto their socially constructed status as women, with lawsand practices that disproportionately or differentlyimpact them due to their gender, such as restrictionson reproductive rights or sexuality.Full references for the findings and data in this executivesummary can be found in the report.05Penal Reform International and Women Beyond WallsFrom poverty to punishment: Executive summaryFindingsLaws and policies criminalise women for life-sustaining activitiesand acts of survivalIn all regions, women in situations of poverty andvulnerability are being criminalised for actions takento sustain themselves and their families.Petty theftMost countries criminalise petty theft (the act ofstealing something of little value) under gender-neutrallegislation. Yet, women, who are overrepresented amongthe poor and as primary caregivers for children or otherfamily members, face disproportionate criminalisationand sometimes imprisonment as a result. For example,in England and Wales, shoplifting – or ‘theft from shops’– accounted for 40 percent of women’s prison sentencesof less than six months in 2023, compared to just22 percent of men’s. This report highlights similar trendsin countries such as Sierra Leone, Chile, and Japan.BeggingSeveral countries retain or have introduced laws thatcriminalise begging, including Denmark, Ireland,Serbia, and Thailand. Women who live in marginalisedcommunities and/or are discriminated against basedon their ethnicity are more likely to resort to beggingto survive economically and, therefore, are particularlyat risk of criminalisation under such laws. In Uzbekistan,out of the 5,000 people punished for begging under a2018 law, 4,000 were women.The informal economyWorking in the informal economy puts women atheightened risk of criminalisation, as authorities usevarious laws to criminalise this type of work – despiteit being a means of survival for many women supportingtheir families. Women are overrepresented in theinformal sector, particularly in low- and [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Legal Representation [6] => Mental Illness [7] => Murder Victims' Families [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => ) [86] => Array ( [objectID] => 28263 [title] => Handpicked :The Godden Matanga story: Miracle on death [timestamp] => 1742169600 [date] => 17/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/handpicked-the-godden-matanga-story-miracle-on-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Godden Matanga had done the unthinkable, earning him the label of society's scum. Shunned by the world, he was considered an outcast. His life was once defined by a fateful act of murder, which led to a death sentence. But mercy found him in that death row cell, rewrote the story of his life, and walked with him out of the prison gates to freedom.Outside the prison, Godden faced an uncertain world with mixed feelings about him. Could a man who had taken a life ever truly reclaim his own?This powerful story of mercy and second chances explores God’s persistent love and merciful pursuit—a journey of redemption and the freedom that comes with forgiveness. [texte] => Handpicked :The Godden Matanga story: Miracle on death row Broché – 17 mars 2025Édition en Anglais de Ndakaiteyi Magunda-Siriya (Auteur)Voir tous les formats et éditionsHandpicked-True story of Godden MatangaGodden Matanga had done the unthinkable, earning him the label of society's scum. Shunned by the world, he was considered an outcast. His life was once defined by a fateful act of murder, which led to a death sentence. But mercy found him in that death row cell, rewrote the story of his life, and walked with him out of the prison gates to freedom.Outside the prison, Godden faced an uncertain world with mixed feelings about him. Could a man who had taken a life ever truly reclaim his own?This powerful story of mercy and second chances explores God’s persistent love and merciful pursuit—a journey of redemption and the freedom that comes with forgiveness.En lire moins Signaler un problème avec ce produit Nombre de pages de l'édition imprimée 121 pages Langue Anglai [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.fr/Handpicked-Godden-Matanga-story-Miracle/dp/1779345615 ) [87] => Array ( [objectID] => 27737 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 90th session and 92nd pre-session of the CEDAW Committee [timestamp] => 1741910400 [date] => 14/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-90th-session-and-92nd-pre-session-of-the-cedaw-committee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CEDAW-89-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively engaged in advocacy during the 90th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from February 3 to 21, 2025, to highlight gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Sri Lanka. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively engaged in advocacy during the 90th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from February 3 to 21, 2025, to highlight gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Sri Lanka. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 90th session and 92nd pre-session of the CEDAW Committee" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Kenya [2] => Qatar [3] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [88] => Array ( [objectID] => 27721 [title] => Responsible Business Initiative for Justice (RBIJ) [timestamp] => 1741824000 [date] => 13/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/responsible-business-initiative-for-justice-rbij/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/RBIJ_icon_2019_blu.jpg [extrait] => “We work by reforming justice systems through helping businesses use their leverage to move critical criminal justice reform initiatives in partnership with local leaders, restoring communities through working with businesses to ensure systemic change is translated into real-life impact for justice-involved individuals, and reframing narratives through building and entrenching the narrative that fair and equal […] [texte] => "We work by reforming justice systems through helping businesses use their leverage to move critical criminal justice reform initiatives in partnership with local leaders, restoring communities through working with businesses to ensure systemic change is translated into real-life impact for justice-involved individuals, and reframing narratives through building and entrenching the narrative that fair and equal systems of justice are good for business." [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [89] => Array ( [objectID] => 27800 [title] => World Day Against The Death Penalty – 2024 Report [timestamp] => 1741824000 [date] => 13/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2024 Report of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty presents an overview of actions against capital punishment under the theme “The death penalty protects no one”. The report adopts a concise format, offering a clear and impactfuloverview of the mobilizations. [texte] => Table of Contents 3INTRODUCTION4Events organized by World Coalitionmembers and allies on October 105Visibility and Impact of World Day onSocial Media and in the Media6Mobilization of Allied Actors7Lessons learned and guidance for YearTwo8CONCLUSION9APPENDICESWorld Day 2024INTRODUCTIONOn October 10, 2024, the 22nd World Day Against the Death Penalty was heldunder the theme "The Death Penalty Protects No One." This theme aimed todismantle a persistent myth: the belief that capital punishment ensures the safetyof individuals and communities. In reality, research shows that the death penaltydoes not deter crime and can exacerbate cycles of violence and social injustice,disproportionately targeting marginalized populations.Since 2022, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WorldCoalition) have decided to follow the same theme over a two-year period to ensurebroader ownership of the theme and encourage the implementation of impactfulaction. Following this cyclical approach, the World Coalition has established a newtwo-year reporting cycle, featuring a preliminary report in the first year and acomprehensive report in the second.The 2024 report adopts a concise format, providing a clear and impactful overviewof the mobilizations. In 2025, a more comprehensive report will build on thisfoundation, showcasing best practices and evaluating the impact of twoconsecutive years of efforts.3Data collection methodologyThis report is based on data gathered through a questionnaire distributed toWorld Coalition members, media and social media analysis using the onlinemonitoring tool TalkWalker, and online tracking of World Day activitiesconducted by the World Coalition Secretariat.A total of 411 events* were organized worldwide by abolitionnist stakeholders forthe 2024 World Day Against the Death Penalty, reflecting an impressive level ofglobal mobilization by members and allies. This figure is based on reportedactivities, though the actual number may be higher as not all events were formallyshared with the World Coalition Secretariat.EVENTS ORGANIZED BY WORLD COALITION MEMBERSAND ALLIES ON OCTOBER 10Europe34%Americas18%Sub-Saharan Africa17%Asia17%MENA12%Oceania2%Social Media29%Media22%Educational18%Political16%Traditional11%Cultural4%4Social media campaigns made up29% of recorded events, followed bytraditionnal media activities (22%),educational initiatives (18%), politicalevents (16%), traditional events(11%), and cultural events (4%),showcasing the diverse strategiesused to engage audiences globally.The geographical breakdown reflectsour global commitment: 34% ofevents took place in Europe, 18% inthe Americas, 17% in sub-SaharanAfrica, 17% in Asia, 12% in the MENAregion and 2% in Oceania.*A detailed table listing all the events implemented in 2024, identified by the World Coalition, is available on request.VISIBILITY AND IMPACT OF WORLD DAY ON SOCIALMEDIA AND IN THE MEDIA*World Day media coverage was led by the United States(21.4%), followed by Taiwan (9.2%), France (8.1%), Italy(7.4%), and Morocco (4.9%).English was the most common language of mediacoverage (27.5%), followed by Chinese (10.8%), French(10.7%), Spanish (10.2%), and Arabic (9.3%).Media CoverageX (formerly Twitter) dominated the social media coveragewith 99.3% of World Day posts, followed by Instagram.The World Coalition’s instagram campaign (October 1–16,2024) achieved 10,000 views, 452 interactions, andbrought the account to 828 followers.Social Mediacoverage2.7KMEDIA PUBLICATIONSMENTIONING WORLD DAY7.1BSCOPE OF MEDIA CONTENTMENTIONING WORLD DAY20.2K62.3KSOCIAL MEDIA POSTSMENTIONING WORLD DAYUSES OF THE HASHTAG#STOPEXECUTIONSINIRAN374.4KPEOPLE POTENTIALLY REACHED BYSOCIAL MEDIA POSTS MENTIONINGWORLD DAY11.8KUSES OF THE HASHTAG#NODEATHPENALTY5*The analysis of the scale of World Day against the Death Penalty on the media and social media was carried out from October 1 to 13, 2025 toinclude analysis of the campaign run by the World Coalition in the 10 days leading up to the World Day.Human Rights Experts6MOBILIZATION OF ALLIED ACTORSThe Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rightsmarked the World Day with a global online campaign advocating for theuniversal abolition of the death penalty. It also published the article "TheDeath Penalty Does Not Lead to Justice" and issued a Twitter (X) statementfrom the United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Human Rights callingfor moratoriums in retentionist countries.UN Special Rapporteurs, including Mai Sato, Morris Tidball-Binz, Mary Lawlor,Gina Romero, and Alice Jill Edwards issued issued a joint statementcondemning Iran’s surge in executions and urging accountability, amoratorium, and progress toward abolition of the death penalty.Ms Mai Sato, as The Human Rights Council’s Special Rapporteur on Iran,released a video addressing the rise in executions in Iran and urging an endto the practice.Political Leaders and InstitutionsThe European Union and the Council of Europe issued a joint statementreaffirming their opposition to the death penalty and celebrating progress inits abolition, widely shared by European embassies on social media.Abolitionist governments such as Canada, Belgium, France, and Costa Ricareiterated their commitment to a death penalty-free world through officialstatements and social media posts.The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) released apress statement emphasizing the need for African states to abolish the deathpenalty and addressing regional challenges.LESSONS LEARNED AND GUIDANCE FOR YEAR TWOInspiring Initiatives from the 2024 World DayCollaboration emerged as a recurring theme, with many organizations reportingsuccessful outcomes from joint initiatives. Events like webinars featuringspeakers from multiple countries amplified messages and shared diverseperspectives. At the same time, adapting the World Day theme to localcontexts helped ensure relevance and impact.Interactive formats also stood out as highly effective. Activities such as streetinterviews and community discussions successfully engaged audiences andsparked meaningful conversations.Social media remained a powerful tool for advocacy, enabling organizations toreach broader audiences. Sharing testimonials, infographics, and key statisticson platforms like Instagram and X generated strong engagement. Members ofthe World Coalition also emphasized the value of combining informative andinteractive content, particularly through quizzes to foster deeper engagementBased on the responses to the post-World Day 2024 questionnaire, several lessonsand insights emerged to guide actions for 2025.Across the world, members of the World Coalition found creative ways to engagethe public and challenge misconceptions about the death penalty. Here are a fewstandout initiatives from the 2024 World Day, which could inspire members fortheir actions in 2025.7Hope Behind Bars Africa – Street InterviewsConcept: Public street interviews with young Nigerians on whether the deathpenalty is a fair punishment.Objective: Gauge public perception and encourage dialogue on justice anddeterrence.https://x.com/hopebehindbar/status/1844690891375575502?mx=2CONCLUSIONThe 2024 World Day Against the Death Penalty highlighted, through diverseactions and compelling messages, the inefficacy of capital punishment inensuring safety and justice.This year’s experience emphasized the value of planning campaigns well inadvance and engaging partners and stakeholders early in the process. Sharingbest practices and experiences among members also serves as a powerful tool toinspire even more effective actions.Building on these lessons, the 2025 edition of World Day offers an opportunity tostrengthen advocacy efforts and expand global support for a future free from thedeath penalty.https://iranhr.net/en/articles/6986/The Advocates for Human Rights – Amicus Brief to the African CourtConcept: Hold a launch event to introduce an amicus brief to be submitted tothe African Court, debunking the deterrence myth under the African Charter.Objective: Provide legal tools to support strategic litigation against the deathpenalty in African countries.https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/International_Submissions/A/Index?id=534Concept: A continuous online broadcast as part of “No Death PenaltyTuesdays” to raise awareness of executions in Iran.Objective: Engage global audiences through storytelling, expert insights, andtestimonies from affected families.Iran Human Rights & Global Campaign to Stop Executions in Iran – 24-hourLivestream8 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2024-World-Day-Report-.pdf ) [90] => Array ( [objectID] => 27810 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2024 [timestamp] => 1741737600 [date] => 12/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2024 report provides updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights and drug control standards. This report presents an analysis of key developments, with a focus on analysing and disseminating available figures and trends on drug-related executions and death sentences. [texte] => 1THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCES:GLOBAL OVERVIEW20241Harm Reduction International (HRI) envisions a worldin which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights.We use data and advocacy to promote harm reductionand drug policy reform. We show how rights-based,evidence-informed responses to drugs contribute tohealthier, safer societies, and why investing in harmreduction makes sense.HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Status with theEconomic and Social Council of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2024Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré,Ajeng Larasati © Harm ReductionInternational, 2025ISBN: 978-1-915255-18-1Designed by Crispdesign based on anoriginal design by ESCOLAPublished by Harm ReductionInternationalTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.globalThis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the EuropeanUnion. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Harm ReductionInternational and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of theEuropean Union. This activity is part of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition,a civil society-led initiative aiming to amplify the voice and influence of the abolitionistmovement on a global scale with the support of the European Union under a FinancialFramework Partnership Agreement (FFPA).2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report would not be possible without data made available or shared byleading human rights organisations and individual experts and advocates, many ofwhom provided advice and assistance throughout the drafting process. We wouldspecifically like to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran,the Afada Observatory, Ambika Satkunanathan, Amnesty International, the CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty (Philippines), Eleos Justice (Monash University), EuropeanSaudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR), HAYAT, Justice Project Pakistan, LBHMasyarakat, ODHIKAR, Project 39A, Reprieve and Transformative Justice Collective.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction International for theirfeedback and support in preparing this report: Ailish Brennan, Anne Taiwo, CatherineCook, Cinzia Brentari, Colleen Daniels, Gaj Gurung, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare,Marcela Tovar, Martina Moreira, Nitika Kakkar, Paola Rodríguez, Paulina Cortez Licona,Shaun Shelly, Suchitra Rajagopalan and Ugochi Egwu.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.3INTRODUCTIONHarm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penalty fordrug offences worldwide since our first groundbreaking publication on this issue in 2007.This report, our 14th on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates onlegislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment fordrug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights and drugcontrol standards. The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2024 presentsan analysis of key developments, with a focus on analysing and disseminating availablefigures and trends on drug-related executions and death sentences. It consists of anoverview of each category of countries including case studies where relevant, as well assupplementary analysis of international and national policy developments.A dedicated section summarises the findings of HRI’s report, Gaining Ground:How states abolish or restrict application of the death penalty for drug offences, whichexplores how 17 countries have either abolished or limited the use of the death penaltyfor drug offences. This section reviews reform processes, identifies key actors and factors– social, political, cultural and economic – that have catalysed change towards abolition,and provides recommendations which can be of use to advocates in a time of exceptionalrecourse to the death penalty as a tool of drug control.HRI opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception.34METHODOLOGYDrug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug-related crimes)are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under national laws. For the purposes ofthis report, this definition excludes activities that do not relate to the trafficking, possessionor use of controlled substances and related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting orabetting a drug-related crime).In the 34 countries that retain the death penalty for drug offences, capitalpunishment is typically applied for cultivating and manufacturing controlled substancesand for smuggling, trafficking or importing/exporting controlled substances. However,in some of these countries, the following drug offences may also be punishable by thedeath penalty (among others): possession, storing and hiding drugs, financing drugoffences, and inducing or coercing others into using drugs. For more information onthe drug offences punishable by death by jurisdiction, visit: https://hri.global/publications/deathpenaltydrugslegislation/.HRI’s research on the death penalty for drug offences excludes countries wheredrug offences are punishable with death only if they involve, or result in, intentional killing.For example, in Saint Lucia (not included in this report), the only drug-related offencepunishable by death is murder committed in connection with drug trafficking or other drugoffences.1The death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishment thatcan be imposed following a conviction for at least certain categories of drug offences(without regarding the circumstances of the offence or the offender). Mandatory sentenceshamper judicial sentencing discretion. By international human rights standards, thismeans mandatory sentences are inherently arbitrary. 2The numbers that have been included in this report are drawn from andcrosschecked against official government reports (where available), state-run newsagencies, court judgments, non-governmental organisations’ (NGO) reports anddatabases, United Nations (UN) documents, media reports, scholarly articles, andcommunications with local activists and human rights advocates, organisations andgroups. Unless specified, the source for all figures and information provided in this reportis an internal HRI dataset on death sentences and executions for drug offences. Everyeffort has been taken to minimise inaccuracies, but there is always the potential for error.HRI welcomes information or additional data not included in this report.1. Article 86(1)(d)(vi), Criminal Code of Saint Lucia (Act 9 of 2004 in force from 1 January 2005).2. UN Human Rights Committee, (3 September 2019), ‘General Comment 36 on the Right to Life’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36, para 37, UN: New York; UNCommission on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, (22 December 2004), ‘Including the Questions of Disappearances and Summary Executions:Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Alston’, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2007/5, para. 63-4 and 80, UN: New York; UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, (22July 2024), ‘Annual report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention’ UN Doc. A/HRC/57/44, para 43-51, UN: New York.5Identifying current drug laws and controlled drugs schedules in some countriescan be challenging due to limited reporting and recording at the national level, in additionto language barriers. Some governments make their laws available on official websites;others do not. Where it was not possible for HRI to independently verify a specific law,the report relies on credible secondary sources.With respect to data on death row populations,3 death sentences and executions,the margin for error is even greater. In many countries, information about the use of thedeath penalty is shrouded in secrecy or opaque at best. For this reason, many of thefigures cited in this report cannot be considered comprehensive and instead must beconsidered as the minimum number of confirmed sentences, executions or individuals ondeath row; real numbers are higher, in some cases significantly so. Where information isincomplete, an attempt has been made to identify the gaps. In some cases, informationamong sources is discordant due to this lack of transparency. In these cases, HRI hasmade a judgement based on available evidence.When the symbol ‘+’ is used next to a number, it means this is the minimumconfirmed number, but credible reports suggest the actual figure is likely to be higher.Global and yearly figures are calculated by using the minimum confirmed figures.3. We acknowledge that there is no consensus regarding the definition of death row and that different authorities and organisations may collect datadifferently. The information provided by HRI in this report may include figures collected by countries and organisations according to different criteria.6CATEGORIESTo demonstrate the differences between law and practice among countrieswhere the death penalty can be applied for drug offences, HRI categorises countries intothe categories of ‘high application’, ‘low application’ or ‘symbolic application’. As moreinformation emerges or practice changes, countries are re-categorised.High Application States are those in whichany executions for drug offences werecarried out, or at least 10 drug-related deathsentences were imposed, per year in the pastfive years.Low Application States are those whereexecutions for drug offences have not beencarried out in the past five years, but deathsentences for drug offences have beenimposed during this period, although thenumber of death sentences does not meet the‘high application’ threshold.Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait and Yemen are among‘low application’ states because they haveimposed the death penalty for drug offencesin the past five years. Although they carriedout executions in 2024 these were not fordrug offences. The section below, therefore,only provides figures on death sentences anddeath row populations.Symbolic Application States are thosethat have the death penalty for drug offenceswithin the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => Indonesia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Iraq [5] => Malaysia [6] => Pakistan [7] => Saudi Arabia [8] => Singapore [9] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Legal Representation [5] => Moratorium [6] => Trend Towards Abolition [7] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/HRI-GlobalOverview-2024-FINAL.pdf ) [91] => Array ( [objectID] => 27670 [title] => Joint Statement on the Rights of Women and Gender Minorities Facing the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1741392000 [date] => 08/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-on-the-rights-of-women-and-gender-minorities-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/statement-8th-march-2025-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On this International Women’s Day, and every day, we want to recognize and center the stories, voices, and expertise of women and gender minorities/gender diverse persons who languish behind bars in racist, classist, and patriarchal legal systems around the world. [texte] => On this International Women’s Day, and every day, we want to recognize and center the stories, voices, and expertise of women and gender minorities/gender diverse persons who languish behind bars in racist, classist, and patriarchal legal systems around the world. (more…) "Joint Statement on the Rights of Women and Gender Minorities Facing the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [92] => Array ( [objectID] => 27948 [title] => Operation Ndobo in the DRC From the Streets to the Death Row [timestamp] => 1741305600 [date] => 07/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/operation-ndobo-in-the-drc-from-the-streets-to-the-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report highlights ongoing human rights violations resulting from the controversial Operation 'Ndobo'. This operation, aimed at combating urban gangs, has resulted in mass arrests, arbitrary convictions, and severe conditions for vulnerable youth, with urgent action needed to prevent extrajudicial executions. [texte] => FROM THE STREETSTO THE DEATHROWFebruary 2025Operation Ndobo in the DRCReport summaryIntroductionRecommendationsTwo emblematic cases :Dieumerci and SamuelObjectives of the ReportHuman rights violationsCONTENTS0105030204P. 1P. 2P. 3P. 5P. 9DSince 2003, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had maintained amoratorium on executions, a measure aimed at preserving the right to life. However,in March 2024, the government decided to lift this moratorium, justifying thedecision by the need to combat acts of treason within the army and to address theresurgence of urban crime.Thus, in December 2024, the Ministry of the Interior launched Operation "Ndobo"(meaning "fish hook" in Lingala) to eradicate the phenomenon of "Kulunas" (urbangangs). Officially, this operation is structured around three main pillars: therepression of criminals, their swift trial, and the social reintegration of repentantoffenders.Unfortunately, in practice, this operation, aimed at restoring public order and therule of law, has led to mass arrests and arbitrary convictions, with particularlysevere impacts on street youth, including minors, who have been arrested withoutdistinction between actual criminals and vulnerable, marginalized children.We must act urgently. While not all arrested young men have been sentenced todeath, many are detained in such precarious conditions that their transfer toprisons in remote areas amounts, in practice, to a death sentence. Deprived offood, clean water, and medical care, some will not survive their detention. The longerwe wait, the slimmer their chances of obtaining justice and being saved. Swiftaction is needed to prevent these arbitrary detentions from turning intoextrajudicial executions disguised by a failing judicial system.INTRODUCTIONIus Stella - February 20251© Ministry of JusticeWherever the deathpenalty is dispensed,barbarity prevails;wherever the deathpenalty is rare,civilisation reigns.OBJECTIVES OFTHE REPORTThis report aims to :1) Document violations of fundamentalrights and the right to a fair trial duringthe legal proceedings.2) Highlight the vulnerability of streetyouth, including minors, to arbitraryarrests and the death penalty.3) Make concrete recommendations forCongolese authorities and internationalorganizations.From the streets to the death rowVictor Hugo2In the DRC, being in the wrong place at the wrong time can be enough to turn a lifeupside down. Under Operation Ndobo, young people with no criminal records, whohad committed no crimes, were brutally arrested, stripped of their rights, andsentenced to heavy penalties following expedited procedures.Dieumerci and Samuel are two striking examples.TWO EMBLEMATICCASESIus Stella - February 2025Dieumerci is a 32-year-old chorister and brass playerin the Salvation Army. On Saturday, December 7, 2024,he was returning home from a late rehearsal for theChristmas festivities when he encountered a policejeep. Confident, he continued on his way, unaware thathis life was about to change in an instant.Suddenly, men in civilian clothes violently interceptedhim, stripped him of all his belongings, including hisidentification documents and phones, and forciblytook him away.Dieumerci Ndombasi KialaHis family, without news of him for several days, began to worry. It was only onDecember 12, 2024, that they learned of his transfer to the Lufungula military camp.There, Dieumerci was tried in just five days, without any legal assistance. OnDecember 18, 2024, despite his clean criminal record and testimonies from hiscommunity attesting to his innocence, he was sentenced to five years in prison.Three weeks later, his family recognized him in a video published by the Ministry ofJustice announcing the transfer of hundreds of convicts to the Angenga militaryprison, located deep in the equatorial forest. Angenga is infamous for its inhumanedetention conditions: deprivation of food, lack of clean water, and absence ofmedical care. Since his transfer in January 2025, neither his family nor his lawyershave been able to contact him. His lawyers have filed an appeal with the GombeMilitary Court, demanding his immediate return to Kinshasa.3Samuel is a 17-year-old orphan who haslived on the streets for several years. In 2021,he encountered the NGO "Les Anges Écoliers",which supports street children in Kinshasa. In2023, he joined their reintegration program,through which he attended literacy classesand began developing a professional projectwith the help of a social worker.On the night of January 12, 2025, whilesearching for a safe place to sleep, hecrossed paths with a police patrol that hadjust conducted a raid on presumed Kulunasin the neighborhood. The mere fact of beingalone outside at night was enough for thepolice to arrest him and accuse him of"vagrancy."SamuelSamuel was then taken away and transferred to the Lufungula military camp, wherehe was detained for 25 days.The authorities reclassified his offense as "terrorism" without any justification,significantly increasing the charges against him. Thanks to the support of the NGO“Les Anges Écoliers”, a lawyer took up his defense and pleaded his case before themilitary tribunal. While the Public Ministry had requested a 20-year prisonsentence, Samuel was ultimately acquitted and released on February 5, 2025.From the streets to the death row 4© Les Anges Ecoliers© Ministry of the InteriorHUMAN RIGHTSVIOLATIONSThe investigations conducted for this report reveal several flagrant and unacceptableviolations of the fundamental rights of young people arrested under OperationNdobo.These violations contravene the Congolese Constitution, international legalprinciples, and DRC's international human rights commitments.Trial of civilians by military courtsAll civilians arrested under Operation Ndobo were tried by militarycourts.This practice violates the Congolese Constitution and internationallegal principles, which stipulate that accused individuals must be triedby competent civilian courts.Lack of legal representationThe majority of the young men arrested did not have access to alawyer from their arrest to their conviction. This violation of the right todefense led to mass and arbitrary convictions, including deathsentences.Some accused were not even informed of the charges against thembefore their trial, placing them in an extremely vulnerable position.Language barrierTrials were conducted in French, a language not understood by most ofthe accused, who come from disadvantaged backgrounds and havehad no access to education.No interpreter was appointed to translate the judicial proceedings inLingala, preventing the accused from understanding the chargesagainst them and actively participating in their defense.Ius Stella - February 20255Conviction of minorsA particularly concerning aspect of the trials related to OperationNdobo is the conviction of presumed minors. Many arrested youth didnot possess birth certificates, a common issue in the DRC, where alarge portion of the population lacks civil status documents. This lack ofdocumentation placed them in a highly precarious legal situation,allowing authorities to manipulate their age and try them as adults.International law insists on the presumption of minority, according towhich, in case of doubt, a person must be considered a minor untilproven otherwise. Congolese law provides several measures toestablish the age of minors, prioritizing appropriate medicalexaminations and considering contextual elements and parents'testimonies. However, these legal safeguards were not respected inthese trials.In Samuel's trial, for example, the military tribunal ordered blood tests todetermine the age of the 17 presumed minors among the accused.These tests were conducted by a general officer who lacked therequired medical qualifications (no registration with the NationalCouncil of the Medical Order). Without precise nomenclature orinternational scientific recognition, these tests produced inaccurateand unreliable results. Of the 17 youths tested, only one was recognizedas a minor and referred to a juvenile court. All others were tried andconvicted as adults.From the streets to the death row 6© Les Anges Ecoliers© Les Anges EcoliersCollective convictions and lack of evidenceThe judgments rendered under Operation Ndobo are marked by acollective approach that denies the fundamental principle of individualresponsibility in criminal law. Groups of 30 to 50 people were convictedtogether, often receiving extremely heavy sentences for "terrorism" or"criminal association," without specific charges against each individualbeing detailed.Moreover, prosecutors often presented no material evidence to justifythese accusations. In the absence of credible testimonies or thoroughinvestigations, the judgments were based on vague and arbitraryaccusations, severely compromising the right to a fair trial.Hasty transfer to Angenga military prisonShortly after their conviction, hundreds of detainees were transferred tothe Angenga military prison, located thousands of kilometers fromKinshasa, before they could exercise their right to appeal.This brutal transfer had several serious consequences:Violation of the right to an effective remedy, as detainees were cutoff from their lawyers.Extreme isolation, preventing families from visiting or providing foodand care.Inhumane detention conditions, exacerbating the physical andmental suffering of detainees.Ius Stella - February 20257© Ministry of JusticeInhumane and degrading detention conditionsTestimonies collected reveal extremely precarious detention conditionsin both the Lufungula military camp and Angenga prison.Extreme overcrowding: In some cells, up to 40 people are crammedtogether, having to sleep on top of one another due to lack of space.Lack of food and clean water: No official food rations are provided.Detainees must rely on outside visits to survive. Those without familyor external support are left to their fate.Malnutrition and disease: Several deaths in detention ha [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Juveniles [4] => Legal Representation [5] => Moratorium [6] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://dpic-cdn.org/production/documents/Ius-Stella-Feb-2025-Report.pdf?dm=1741366319 ) [93] => Array ( [objectID] => 27608 [title] => Wild flaws in judicial systems leading to death sentences: Iraq and Singapore [timestamp] => 1740355200 [date] => 24/02/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/wild-flaws-in-judicial-systems-leading-to-death-sentences-iraq-and-singapore/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Following Human Rights Watch’s World Report 2025, the World Coalition examines the death penalty in Iraq and Singapore, highlighting how judicial flaws undermine individuals’ fundamental rights. [texte] => Following Human Rights Watch's World Report 2025, the World Coalition examines the death penalty in Iraq and Singapore, highlighting how judicial flaws undermine individuals' fundamental rights. (more…) "Wild flaws in judicial systems leading to death sentences: Iraq and Singapore" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [94] => Array ( [objectID] => 28071 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2024 [timestamp] => 1740009600 [date] => 20/02/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Report provides an in-depth analysis of death penalty trends in Iran 2024. It covers execution statistics, legislative frameworks, and the abolitionist movement, offering insights on how the international community can help reduce executions. [texte] => ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 2024ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN20242ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024Cover photo: Executed protester Mohsen Shekari’s mother holds a sign at his gravein Tehran that reads: “We support the prisoners’ No Death Penalty Tuesdays strikes,#NoDeathPenalty”Back photo: Public hanging of Mohammad Ali Salamat in a Hamadan city park on12 November 2024.This report was prepared by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) with thesupport of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since 2012,IHRNGO1 and ECPM2 have been working together on the publication,international release and circulation of annual reports on the deathpenalty in Iran.Layout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)Printing: Imprim’ad hoc© IHRNGO, ECPM, 2025ISBN : 978-2-491354-32-9ISSN : 2966-80931 http://iranhr.net/en/2 http://www.ecpm.org/en/3ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN20244ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024TABLE OF CONTENTS6 Glossary7 FOREWORD BY JAVAID REHMAN10 PREFACE11 2024 ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE12 INTRODUCTION16 SOURCES17 FACTS AND FIGURES19 THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC’S POWER STRUCTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTY20 The Supreme Leader21 The Judiciary22 The Legislature23 The Executive25 Number of executions per presidential term25 Average Monthly Executions Per President26 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK26 International treaties31 Iranian law37 Anti-Narcotics Law39 PROCEDURES39 From arrest to proof of guilt50 EXECUTIONS IN PRACTICE50 Charges51 Executions for moharebeh, baghy and efsad-fil-arz in 202453 Executions related to protests in 202456 Executions for rape and sexual assault in 202457 Executions for drug-related charges in 202464 Executions for murder charges (Qisas) in 202472 SHARE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AND CRIMINAL COURTS IN 2024 EXECUTIONS74 PUBLIC EXECUTIONS75 Executed in Public in 2024577 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EXECUTIONS79 Secret and unannounced executions80 Documentation of unannounced executions82 Geographic distribution of announcedand unannounced/secret executions83 EXECUTION CATEGORIES83 Child offenders88 Women91 Psychosocial and intellectual disabilities93 Ethnic minorities96 Foreign citizens98 Dual nationals100 WAYS TO RESTRICT THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN100 Sustained domestic campaigning and international pressure103 CATEGORIES OF THE DEATH PENALTYWITH THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENT103 Child offender executions103 Public executions104 Qisas106 MOVEMENTS PROMOTING ABOLITIONAND MOBILISING CIVIL SOCIETY INSIDE IRAN107 No Death Penalty Tuesdays109 FORGIVENESS MOVEMENT111 REPRESSION OF ABOLITIONIST ACTIVISTS114 RECOMMENDATIONS117 ANNEXES117 ANNEX 1: Executions Per Capita in Each Province118 ANNEX 2: List of resolutions and reports adoptedby the United Nations and European Parliament,mentioning the death penalty in Iran122 ANNEX 3: Extract from the Detailed findingsof the independent international fact-finding missionon the Islamic Republic of Iran, A/HRC/55/CRP.1, 2024123 ANNEX 4: Analysis of the UPR recommendationson the death penalty in the last three cycles124 ANNEX 5: At risk of execution6ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024GLOSSARYBaghy Armed rebellion against the stateDiya Blood moneyEfsad-fil-arz Corruption on EarthElm-e-qazi Knowledge of the judgeErtedad ApostasyEstizan Authorisation required by the Headof Judiciary for qisas executionsFiqh Islamic jurisprudenceHadd (pl. hudud) Fixed punishment for offences mandatedby ShariaLavat SodomyMoharebeh Enmity against GodMosahegheh Lesbian sexQadf False accusations of sodomy or adulteryQassameh Sworn oathQisas Retribution-in-kindSabol-nabi Insulting the prophetSharia Islamic lawTa’zir Punishment for offences at the discretionof the judgeTafkhiz Intercrural sexZena Extramarital sexZenaye Mohseneh Adultery7FOREWORD BY JAVAID REHMANProfessor, Formerly UnitedNations Special Rapporteuron the situation of humanrights in the Islamic Republicof IranI am greatly honoured to have served for a full and maximum termas the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in the Islamic Republic of Iran between July 2018 – July 2024.Throughout my mandate, I expressed grave concerns at the arbitrarydeprivation of life and also expressed alarm and shock at the summary,arbitrary, and extra-judicial executions of tens of thousands of politicalopponents of the regime ever since the inception of the IslamicRepublic of Iran in 1979. In my final detailed findings, I documentedthe summary, arbitrary and extra-judicial executions of thousands ofarbitrarily imprisoned political opponents, amounting to the crimesagainst humanity of murder and extermination, as well as genocidebetween 1979–1988. 3 These executions included those of women,some of them reportedly raped before their executions, and a verylarge number of children. In my findings I highlighted the tragedy of the1988 Massacre, which resulted in the mass murder, summary, arbitraryand extra-judicial executions as well as enforced disappearances ofthousands of political prisoners between July–September 1988. Inlight of the evidence presented to me, I take the view that “atrocitycrimes” of crimes against humanity and genocide were committed bythe Iranian regime against members of the political opposition in 1988.4The targeting of political prisoners and their arbitrary deprivation of lifehas continued: six men are at a serious risk of execution after extremelyunfair trials. As reported by Amnesty International “In October 2024,Branch 26 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran convicted them of‘armed rebellion against the state’ (baghy) and sentenced them to3 UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,Javaid Rehman, “Atrocity Crimes” and grave violations of human rights committed by theIslamic Republic of Iran (1981–1982 and 1988): Detailed findings, 17 July 2024, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/iran/20240717-SR-Iran-Findings.pdf4 Ibid.8ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024death following a grossly unfair trial marred by allegations of tortureand other ill-treatment to extract forced ‘confessions’.”5The practice of executions goes beyond those convicted of politicaland national security crimes. In fact, there are at least 80 offenceswhich carry the death penalty in the Islamic Republic of Iran rangingfrom qisas (retribution in kind) to “offences” such as adultery,homosexuality, apostasy and blasphemy, drug related offences aswell as the various national security offences. By not restrictingdeath penalty to the “most serious crimes”, Iranian authoritiesviolate the right to life as provided in Article 6(2) of the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)6 to which the IslamicRepublic of Iran is a state party. According to the Human RightsCommittee – which oversees the implementation of the ICCPR –“the term ‘the most serious crimes’ must be read restrictively andappertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentionalkilling. Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death, suchas attempted murder, corruption and other economic and politicalcrimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, drug and sexual offences,although serious in nature, can never serve as the basis, within theframework of Article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty”. 7As one of the highest executioners in the world, the Islamic Republicof Iran executes individuals in violation of international humanrights law, including by violating the right of the accused to a fairtrial; through the implementation of the sentence in a mannerthat constitutes torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment,and by expressly targeting arbitrarily and disproportionately Iran’sethnic, linguistic and religious minorities. During my mandate asthe Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the IslamicRepublic of Iran, I took the view that almost all of the executionsin Iran represented arbitrary deprivation of the right to life and incomplete violation of international law.The available figures for the executions that took place in 2024are extremely shocking and alarming: it is reported that last year,at least 975 persons were executed, compared to 834 executions in2023.8 It is also enormously worrying to note that in 2024, over 50%5 Amnesty International, Iran: Six Men at Risk of Execution After Grossly Unfair Trial,23 January 2025, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/8965/2025/en/6 New York, 16 December 1966 United Nations, 999 U.N.T.S. 171; 6 I.L.M. (1967) 368.7 UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 36, Article 6: right to life,3 September 2019, CCPR/C/GC/36, para. 35.8 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, 2024, https://iranhr.net/en/reports/42/; UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the IslamicRepublic of Iran, Javaid Rehman, Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,9 February 2024, A/HRC/55/62, https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/012/59/pdf/g2401259.pdf, para. 8.9of those executed were reportedly for drug-related offences.9 TheIranian regime is reportedly the highest executioner of women in theworld and – completely contrary to the Country’s own obligationswithin international law – child offenders are executed every year.At least one child was executed in 2024. 10 The discriminatory anddisproportionate nature of executions was tragically reflected in theexecutions of Baluch and Kurdish minorities.The death penalty is weaponised and instrumentalised againstpeople who are vulnerable and weak, typically from marginalisedcommunities. For pragmatists and human rights defenders, thedangers of arbitrariness, the unfairness of implementation in thecriminal justice system and the overall ineffectiveness of the deathpenalty far outweigh any suggested justifications in support of thispunishment. The imposition of the death penalty neither servesjustice, nor – as overwhelming evidence establishes – does it makesocieties safer.The death penal [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Drug Offenses [3] => Fair Trial [4] => Gender [5] => Intellectual Disability [6] => Juveniles [7] => Legal Representation [8] => Mental Illness [9] => Murder Victims' Families [10] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2024-WEB.pdf ) [95] => Array ( [objectID] => 27598 [title] => The Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitation by the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents [timestamp] => 1739491200 [date] => 14/02/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-syrian-law-and-its-exploitation-by-the-assad-regime-to-eliminate-dissidents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report sheds light on the Assad regime’s use of the death penalty as an instrument of political repression from the outbreak of the popular uprising in 2011 up until the Assad regime’s downfall on December 8, 2024. In pursuit of this policy, the death penalty was no longer restricted to criminal offenses but became a tool used by the Assad regime to terrorize society, consolidate the regime’s security grip, and eliminate dissidents without fair trials. [texte] => The Death Penalty in Syrian Lawand Its Exploitation by the AssadRegime to Eliminate DissidentsTens of Thousands of Syrians ExecutedWithout Fair TrialFriday 14 February 2025Contents:I. Introduction and Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1II. Overview of the Legal Framework for the Death Penalty in Syria ...................................................................................................... 5III. Courts With the Power to Issue and Implement Death Sentences ................................................................................................. 8IV. The Executive Authority’s Control Over the Death Penalty and Hegemony Over the Special Clemency Committee . 25V. Amnesty Decrees Issued Since 2011 And the Exclusion of Death Sentences Issued Through Summary Procedures .. 29VI. Minors Detained then Executed Once They Reached the Age of 18 ................................................................................................ 31VII. Sednaya Prison: The Infamous Center for Mass Executions of Syrian Dissidents .................................................................... 32VIII. Victims Who Were Field-Executed Based on Sentences by the Counterterrorism Court and Military Field Courts 35IX. Overview of the Anti-Death Penalty International Legal Framework............................................................................................... 41X. Most Prominent Assad Regime Figures Implicated in Implementing Death Sentences ........................................................... 45XI. Legal Liability on those Implicated in Carrying Out Executions Based on Summary Procedures ....................................... 50XII. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................ 53Acknowledgement and Solidarity ........................................................................................................................................................................... 56R250207The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded inJune 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group thatis considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all deathtoll-related analyses in Syria.The Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitationby the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents1I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGYThe death penalty is one of the most controversial legal instruments in the legalarsenal. Its proponents1 view it as an effective means of deterrence and justice,especially for serious crimes that threaten societal security. Conversely, its opponents 2consider it a violation of human rights, warning that it may be used against innocentindividuals subjected to unfair trials, particularly in authoritarian states that use it as aninstrument of political repression. Although international law permits the impositionof the death penalty in cases of grave crimes such as premeditated murder, humanrights organizations, most notably Amnesty International, assert that this punishmentcontradicts fundamental human rights principles, particularly the right to life and theprohibition of torture or cruel and inhuman treatment, both of which are guaranteedunder the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.According to an Amnesty International report issued on May 29, 2024, which focusedon the subject of death sentences and executions in 2023, a total of 144 countries hadlegally abolished the death penalty or ceased its implementation, while 55 countries,including Syria, continued to enforce it. The death penalty has been part of the Syrianlegal system for decades, having been incorporated into several key laws, such as thePenal Code and military laws. It is applied to crimes deemed extremely serious, suchas premeditated murder, espionage, terrorism, and treason.With the outbreak of popular uprisings in 2011, the death penalty was no longerrestricted to criminal offenses but became a tool used by the Assad regime to eliminateopponents, consolidate its security grip, and instill fear in society. This report examinesthe Assad regime’s violations of both domestic and international laws by exploitingthe death penalty as a means of political repression. In that, the death sentence wasused systematically against arbitrarily detained and forcibly disappeared persons. Thereport also provides detailed evidence of detainees being subjected to torture toextract forced confessions, then being subjected to secret trials held before militaryand exceptional courts which lacked the most basic legal standards, where deathsentences were handed down in swift, closed-door sessions.1. Common pro-death penalty arguments:• The death penalty is not a form of revenge. It ensures equality and justice, being a form of retributive justice, especially in cases of preme-diated murder.• The death penalty is a legitimate resolution because the punishment should fit the crime.• The death penalty achieves a goal that societies have always sought, which is deterrence.• The possibility of making mistakes in the death penalty is no different than that in other penalties for crimes. Furthermore, lawgivers legaliz-ing the death penalty is a wholly different matter than judges wrongly evaluating evidence.• Historically, the death penalty has been an effective deterrent in reducing crime rates.2. Common anti-death penalty arguments:• It is an expression of revenge. Today’s civilized criminology and punitive sciences should have developed and moved past the idea of re-venge which does not bode well for civilization and human development. The death penalty also conflicts with the objectives of modernpunitive norms that focus on reforming and rehabilitating criminals.• The death penalty conflicts with the principles of justice, since it does not consider the differences between one criminal and another.• The death penalty is irreversible. This is problematic in cases when new evidence emerges proving that a previously executed detainee wasindeed innocent, or a court misevaluated the evidence against them.• The death penalty is not based on an ethnically sound foundation, since no one has the right to deprive another human being of their rightto life.• The death penalty has no positive impact.The Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitationby the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents2The report focuses on the courts utilized by the Assad regime to issue deathsentences, primarily the Military Field Court, established on August 17, 1968, andthe Counterterrorism Court, which the Assad regime created in 2012 followingthe start of the uprising. These courts were entirely controlled by the executiveauthority. In other words, they completely lacked any independence in any senseof the word. Defendants appearing before them were deprived of fundamentalrights, such as the right to legal representation, self-defense, appeal, and public trialguarantees. Additionally, death sentences were carried out in complete secrecy,without notifying the defendants’ families or returning their loved ones’ bodies tothem following execution, all of which constituted further flagrant violations of fairtrial guarantees as stipulated in Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights (ICCPR).The report also addresses the role of the Assad regime’s regular and military criminalcourts in issuing death sentences against arbitrarily detained individuals, as casespreviously handled by the Military Field Court were transferred to them followingits abolition under Legislative Decree No. 32 of 2023. As the Syrian Network forHuman Rights’ (SNHR) database attests, the Assad regime exploited all these courtsto hold detainees who were minors at the time of their arrest, and to immediatelyexecute them upon their reaching the age of eighteen.Furthermore, the report highlights the international legal framework governingthe death penalty, emphasizing the legal accountability under international lawof individuals involved in issuing and carrying out summary executions. SNHR’sdatabase contains detailed information on thousands of individuals involved ingrave violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law in Syria,including the unlawful execution of political opponents. Among these individuals arethe deposed president Bashar Assad and all Assad regime defense ministers since2011, as well as regime officers who held positions of power at the Military FieldCourt and the Counterterrorism Court, and the head of Sednaya Military Prison. Thereport also contains a section providing details of the most prominent victims ofthe Assad regime’s summary executions.The report concludes that the death penalty in Syria has not served as a tool forjustice but has instead been brutally used as a means of retaliation to eliminatepolitical opponents. The executive authority bears the primary responsibility forissuing and enforcing these sentences, given its absolute dominance over both thejudiciary and the legislature in the country. Additionally, throughout the decadesof the Assads’ rule, the head of the Assad regime wielded absolute power overThe Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitationby the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents3approving death sentences issued by the regular criminal court, including theauthority to appoint members of the special clemency committee and to make thefinal decision on whether to approve or reject any execution ruling. The President’spowers also include ratifying death sentences handed down by Military Field Courts,in accordance with Article 89 of the Military Penal Code and Military ProceduralLaw, in addition to his direct responsibility for supervising the implementation ofsentences issued by the Military Field Court and the Counterterrorism [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Syrian Arab Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Juveniles [3] => Mental Illness [4] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/R250207E.pdf ) [96] => Array ( [objectID] => 27221 [title] => Georgians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (GFADP) [timestamp] => 1738281600 [date] => 31/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/georgians-for-alternatives-to-the-death-penalty-gfadp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/GFADP-logo.png [extrait] => Georgians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (GFADP) works to end the death penalty and capital punishment in Georgia, the USA, and around the world. We are a strong, diverse, grassroots, statewide movement which opposes individual executions; supports legislative initiatives aimed at reducing the application of the death penalty until it is ultimately abolished; protects […] [texte] => Georgians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (GFADP) works to end the death penalty and capital punishment in Georgia, the USA, and around the world. We are a strong, diverse, grassroots, statewide movement which opposes individual executions; supports legislative initiatives aimed at reducing the application of the death penalty until it is ultimately abolished; protects the humanity of individuals on death row; educates our fellow Georgians about the death penalty; and provides concrete action steps for individuals and groups. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [97] => Array ( [objectID] => 27205 [title] => Human Rights Office [timestamp] => 1738281600 [date] => 31/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-office/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/logo-HRO.png [extrait] => Human Rights Office of Kandy Diocese is a catholic organization established in 2008. The HRO campaign to establish the Rule of Law by taking up individual cases of victims of Torture, rape, gender based violence, domestic violence, families of the disappeared and of the prisoners. HRO provide victims “Holistic” assistance – which includes: security, protection, […] [texte] => Human Rights Office of Kandy Diocese is a catholic organization established in 2008. The HRO campaign to establish the Rule of Law by taking up individual cases of victims of Torture, rape, gender based violence, domestic violence, families of the disappeared and of the prisoners. HRO provide victims “Holistic” assistance - which includes: security, protection, legal, medical, psychological and educational assistance and journey with the victims and their families until the victims are integrated to the society.The organization campaign and lobby for Judicial reforms.Human Rights Office works with prisoners and families of the Prisoners and conduct " Healing Art Therapy" classes every week in Prisons and monitor prisons to ensure basic minimum standards in Prisons. HRO also campaign against the death penalty as part of its advocacy. These campaigns against capital punishment aim to raise awareness among members of the government and the public in Sri Lanka about the abolition of this punishment. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [98] => Array ( [objectID] => 27597 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2024 [timestamp] => 1738281600 [date] => 31/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This annual publication presents changes in the death row population as well as political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty in India each year. The statistics are compiled through a combination of data mining of court websites, media monitoring and Right to Information applications. [texte] => ANNUALSTATISTICSREPORT2024DEATH PENALTYIN INDIA1PUBLISHED BYProject 39ANational Law University, DelhiSector 14, DwarkaNew Delhi 110078Published in January 2025National Law University, DelhiAll rights reservedSUPERVISIONNeetika VishwanathWRITINGLakshmi MenonRESEARCH ASSISTANCERehan Mathur (National Law University, Delhi)DESIGNDiagrammerLIST OFCONTRIBUTORSGLOSSARY OFTERMS BNSS Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023BNS Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023BSA Bharatiya Sakshya AdhiniyamCrPC Criminal Procedure Code, 1973IEA Indian Evidence Act, 1872IPC Indian Penal Code, 1860LWORLife imprisonment without the possibility of releasethrough state remission, either for a fixed term or forthe whole life2INDEXList of Contributors 1Glossary of Terms 1Foreword 4Overview of Developments in 2024 6Prisoners on Death Row 9State-Wise Distribution of Persons on Death Row 10Duration on Death Row 11Death Penalty Cases 2024 12Sessions Courts in 2024 13State-Wise Distribution of Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts 14Nature of Offence for Those Sentenced toDeath by Sessions Courts in 2024 16Death Penalty in Cases of Sexual Offences 18Duration Between Conviction And Sentencing inSessions Court Death Penalty Cases 20Sentencing Material 23High Courts In 2024 24Nature of Offence at the High Courts 263Sentences upon Commutation 28Nature of Offence in Commuting Sentencesat the High Court 30Disposal of Death Penalty Cases By High Courts 32High Court Acquittals in 2024 34High Court Commutations in 2024 41High Court Confirmations in 2024 60High Court Remitted Cases in 2024 63Supreme Court in 2024 64Nature of Offence at the Supreme Court in 2024 66Supreme Court Sentences Imposed UponCommutation of Death Sentence in 2024 68Supreme Court Commutations in 2024 70Supreme Court Acquittals in 2024 76Developments in the Law 77International Developments 81Final Observations 83Corrections to Annual Statistics 854FOREWORDThis is the ninth edition of the Death Penalty in India: AnnualStatistics Report published by Project 39A at National LawUniversity, Delhi.2024 saw the highest number of people living under a sentence ofdeath since the turn of this century, with 564 prisoners on deathrow at the end of the year. This reflects a continuing and unabatedincrease in the death row population, with a 41% increase sincethe compilation of the Annual Statistics report in 2016. Trial courtscontributed to these high figures by imposing 139 death sentencesin 2024. Notably, however, all except 4 death sentences wereimposed without compliance to the Supreme Court’s guidelines ondeath penalty sentencing laid down in Manoj v. State of MadhyaPradesh in May 2022.Significantly, the year also witnessed an increase in confirmationof death sentences at the High Court level, even as the SupremeCourt did not confirm a single death sentence for the secondconsecutive year. High Courts disposed of death penalty caseswithout seeking reports pertaining to the accused’s mental health,life circumstances and jail conduct in all but 12 cases involving 18prisoners. In contrast, the Supreme Court continued to elicit suchreports in its death penalty decisions - a trend that has persistedsince 2021. These trends reflect a divergence betweendecisionmaking in death penalty cases between the High Courtsand the Supreme Court this year.In death penalty commutations since 2016, appellate courts haveincreasingly imposed life imprisonment without the possibility ofrelease through remission (LWOR) when commuting deathsentences. The High Courts imposed LWOR for 61.14% of prisonerswhose death sentences were commuted, while the Supreme Courtimposed the same for 3 out of 4 prisoners. The majority of LWORsentences were imposed in sexual offence cases at the HighCourt, indicating the sway that this category of offence holds indeath penalty decisions.FOREWORD5This report follows the same methodology as previous years. Werelied on news reports to gather information and updates ondeath sentences, which were then verified using the e-courtsplatforms of trial courts and appellate courts. Since 2023, we alsotrack and analyse trial court judgments to assess their compliancewith the Supreme Court’s decision in Manoj v. State of MadhyaPradesh (2022) that directed trial courts to call for and considerrelevant materials while deciding the sentence.We would like to thank Rehan Mathur (Year IV, National LawUniversity Delhi) for his valuable efforts in compiling and verifyingthe data for this report.This report would not have been possible without the efforts ofVarsha Sharma, Pritam Raman Giriya and Ashna Devaprasad whowere instrumental in developing the original directory anddatabase on the death penalty in India. Lubhyathi Rangarajan,Peter John, Poornima Rajeshwar, Rahul Raman, NeetikaVishwanath, Preeti Pratishruti Dash, Gale Andrew, AishwaryaMohanty, Hrishika Jain, Adrĳa Ghosh and Snehal Dhote haveplayed key roles in developing previous editions of this report.6At the end of 2024, 564 people were living under a sentence ofdeath in India. This marks the highest number of people on deathrow since the turn of this century.1 These figures denote a steadygrowth in the death row population that we have witnessed in thelast decade since the compilation and release of death penaltystatistics annually by Project 39A. In the same year with thehighest death row population since 2000, trial courts imposeddeath sentences in the absence of information about the accusedin at least 84% of all death penalty cases.The high rate of death sentences, coupled with low rates ofdispoal by the High Courts over the years, can be attributed to thegrowth in death row numbers. While trial courts imposed a higherthan average rate of death sentence (with 139 death sentences),no information about the accused (including reports on theirpsychiatric evaluations, jail conduct and life circumstances) wassought or relied upon by trial courts for at least 90.5% of all deathsentences. Failures by the trial courts to elicit such informationabout the accused persisted for the third year in a row despite theSupreme Court’s directions to call for and consider suchinformation in death penalty cases in Manoj v. State of MadhyaPradesh (May 2022).Murder simpliciter dominated the offences for which deathsentences were imposed (62.60% of all death sentences). Thisindicates a change in the offences for which death sentences areimposed, given that sexual offences had comprised the majorityof death sentences and cases between 2019 to 2023. 8 deathsentences were imposed on women this year for the offences ofmurder, and kidnapping with murder, marking a significantincrease in the number of death sentences imposed on womensince 2016. Through these figures, the number of women on deathrow in India now stands at 17.1 Prison Statistics India Report (2004), National Crime Records Bureau. Previously, theyear 2004 had the highest number of prisoners on death row at 563 prisoners.OVERVIEW OFDEVELOPMENTS IN 2024OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN 20247High Courts across the country confirmed death sentences for 9prisoners in 9 cases, and commuted the sentences of 79 prisonersin 53 cases. While commutations dominated case outcomes at theHigh Courts, 2024 marks the highest number of death sentenceconfirmations by High Courts in a single calendar year since 2019.Similar to practices at the trial courts, High Courts soughtinformation about the accused in only 19.40% of all death penaltycases where sentencing had taken place. 5 death sentenceconfirmation cases at the High Courts were decided in theabsence of such information.Death sentences were confirmed for 4 prisoners who had beenconvicted of sexual offences (comprising 26.60% of all prisonersconvicted for sexual offences before the High Court). They werealso confirmed for 3 prisoners who had been convicted for murder(comprising 0.091% of all prisoners convicted for murdersimpliciter before the High Court) and 1 prisoner who had beenconvicted for kidnapping with murder. These rates signify thecontinuing influence of sexual offences on outcomes in deathpenalty cases, despite a downward shift at trial courts.LWOR sentences dominated commutations at the High Court levelin 2024. This particular formulation of the life sentence was ajudicial creation by the Supreme Court in Swamy Shraddhananda(2008)2 which was later upheld by a five-judge (Constitution)bench of the Supreme Court in Union of India v. Sriharan (2015).3While commuting death sentences, the High Courts haveincreasingly turned to the use of LWOR sentences, with HighCourts imposing LWOR sentences in the majority of commutationssince 2020. This year, 61.14% of all commutations resulted in anLWOR sentence.The Supreme Court did not confirm a single death sentence for thesecond calendar year in a row. Instead, the Court commuted deathsentences for 4 out of the 5 prisoners whose appeals were heard in2 Criminal appeal no. 454 of 2006, Supreme Court of India [order dt. 22.07.2008].3 Writ petition (Crl) no. 48 of 2014, Supreme Court of India [order dt. 02.12.2015].OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN 202482024, and acquitted 1 prisoner. The Court also commuted the deathsentences of 2 prisoners in a review petition. In a continuation of pastyear trends since 2021, the Court relied on reports pertaining to theaccused’s life history, jail conduct and mental health evaluations in itsdeath penalty decisions. Similar to the trends in High Courtcommutations, the Supreme Court relied on LWOR sentences whencommuting death sentences for all but 1 prisoner.Developments in law witnessed the expanded use of the deathpenalty for various offences, and ushered changes to theadministration of mercy petitions. In August 2024, the West BengalLegislative Assembly passed the Aparajita (Women and Child)Protection Bill, 2024 to effect harsher punishments for sexualviolence. The Bill introduces the mandatory death sentence foraggravated rape leading to death or persistent vegetative state, andmakes non-homicidal rape again [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/67aad6dc16a36d66788ff28d/1739249408252/Annual+Statistics+Report+2024+-+Digital+%281%29.pdf ) [99] => Array ( [objectID] => 27178 [title] => The Death Penalty Does Not Make Us Safer [timestamp] => 1737676800 [date] => 24/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-does-not-make-us-safer/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/statement-jan-25-death-penalty-usa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Witness to Innocence Responds to President Trump’s Executive Order on the Death Penalty, and Organizations from throughout the US and the World Sign-on in Solidarity [texte] => Witness to Innocence Responds to President Trump's Executive Order on the Death Penalty, and Organizations from throughout the US and the World Sign-on in Solidarity (more…) "The Death Penalty Does Not Make Us Safer" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [100] => Array ( [objectID] => 27150 [title] => Singapore: End harassment and intimidation of Transformative Justice Collective [timestamp] => 1737072000 [date] => 17/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-end-harassment-and-intimidation-of-transformative-justice-collective/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/PhotoSingaporeStatementJan2025-500x250.jpg [extrait] => We, the undersigned 11 organizations, condemn in the strongest terms the latest restrictions imposed by the Singapore government on activists from the Transformative Justice Collective (TJC), a civil society group actively opposing the death penalty and advocating for human rights in the country. [texte] => We, the undersigned 11 organizations, condemn in the strongest terms the latest restrictions imposed by the Singapore government on activists from the Transformative Justice Collective (TJC), a civil society group actively opposing the death penalty and advocating for human rights in the country. (more…) "Singapore: End harassment and intimidation of Transformative Justice Collective" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [101] => Array ( [objectID] => 27197 [title] => Monitoring conditions of detention of prisoners sentenced to death: Practical Guide for NHRIs and NPMs. [timestamp] => 1736985600 [date] => 16/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/monitoring-conditions-of-detention-of-prisoners-sentenced-to-death-practical-guide-for-nhris-and-npms/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ECPM's new guide provides NHRIs and NPMs with practical tools for assessing the conditions of detention of death row prisoners, emphasizing international human rights standards. [texte] => M O N I T O R I N GCONDITIONS OFD E T E N T I O NOF PRISONERSS E N T E N C E DT O D E A T HP R A C T I C A LG U I D E F O RNHRIs AND NPMsPublication director:Raphaël Chenuil-HazanCoordination:Julia Bourbon FernandezEditorial Committee:Vicki Prais, Carole BerrihReviewers:Nicolas Perron, Anna DubarleTranslation:KA-Lex TraductionEditorial secretariat (original version)Caroline Izoret-AboutGraphic design:Olivier DechaudPrinting:Imprim Ad’HocThe original version of this practical guide was published in French in 2023.It was translated into English in 2024.62 bis, avenue Parmentier75011 Pariswww.ecpm.org/en© ECPM, 2024ISBN: 978-2-491354-31-2With financial supportof the European UnionM O N I T O R I N GCONDITIONS OFD E T E N T I O NOF PRISONERSS E N T E N C E DT O D E A T HP R A C T I C A LG U I D E F O RNHRIs AND NPMs4MONITORING CONDITIONS OF DETENTIONOF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHPRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NHRIsAND NPMsACRONYMSACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples’ RightsACHR American Convention on Human RightsCAT United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentCPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhumanor Degrading Treatment or PunishmentCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the ChildECHR European Convention on Human RightsECPM Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together against the deathpenalty)EPR European Prison RulesHRC United Nations Human Rights CouncilIACHR Inter-American Commission on Human RightsICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsNHRI National Human Rights InstitutionNPM National Preventive MechanismOHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human RightsOPCAT Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Tortureand Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentSRP Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention inAfricaSPT United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of TortureNOTE ON TERMINOLOGYThroughout this guide, we use the terms “prisons”, “prison facilities” and “placesof detention” interchangeably to refer to any place where people are deprivedof their liberty based on penal measures or sanctions.The term “detention monitoring” refers solely to monitoring activities within thecustodial setting.5ECPM2024THE ROLE OF NATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISMS (NPMS) ANDNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS (NHRIS) IN PRISON MONITORINGNPMs and NHRIs play a crucial role in the prevention of torture through themonitoring of places of detention:• NPMs: OPCAT is an optional protocol to the United Nations Conventionagainst Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment orPunishment. Under OPCAT, states are required to establish an NPM with theaim of preventing torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatmentor punishment, in particular by monitoring places of detention. OPCAT alsoprovides for a second monitoring mechanism, the SPT. NPMs are mandatedto carry out regular visits to all types of places where persons are deprivedof their liberty. NPMs can also make observations on laws and regulations,and propose reforms. OPCAT does not require an NPM to take a specificform: it is therefore up to each State Party to choose whether to create anew special mechanism or to designate an existing body, such as an NHRI,for the prevention of torture and ill-treatment.• NHRIs: some countries do not have an operational NPM. In such cases,the monitoring of places of detention often falls to NHRIs. Moreover, inmany countries, NHRIs are assigned the NPM mandate. In this case, theNHRI has both a specific mandate to monitor places of deprivation ofliberty and prevent torture and ill-treatment, as an NPM, and a broadermandate to protect and promote human rights beyond places of detention,as an NHRI. Assessing the credibility of NHRIs is based in particular ontheir compliance with the Paris Principles, a set of standards definingthe fundamental characteristics required for them to fulfil their missions. 1These include: a founding constitutional or legislative text, a mandate thatis as broad as possible, independent appointment procedures, a pluralistand representative composition, regular operation, independence from theexecutive and adequate funding.1 These principles have been enshrined by the United Nations General Assembly inResolution 48/134 on National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights,20 December 1993, available at https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/180217?ln=en&v=pdf6MONITORING CONDITIONS OF DETENTIONOF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHPRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NHRIsAND NPMsTHE NPM MANDATEIn collaboration with other international, regional and national bodies carryingout monitoring activities, NPMs play an important role in public oversight andcontrol in the area of torture prevention. As the “eyes and ears” of the outside,NPMs aim to ensure that the human rights of detainees are fully respected andthat they receive fair and humane treatment in detention. NPMs have a clearobjective and a broad mandate: to examine the treatment of persons deprivedof their liberty with a view to strengthening their protection against tortureand other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Their mainfunctions include:• Visiting places where persons are or may be deprived of their liberty (inaccordance with Article 4 of OPCAT);• Advisory functions, including drafting recommendations, opinions, reportsand undertaking legislative monitoring;• Educational functions, in particular by providing training or initiatingother educational activities, as well as activities to raise awareness ofthe prevention of torture;• Cooperation activities through constructive dialogue with States Partiesand other key stakeholders on the prevention of torture and ill-treatment. 2• Although under OPCAT, NPMs are not expressly empowered to investigateor rule on individual cases, national regulations must take account of thespecificities of each context. In some states, NPMs investigate allegations oftorture or other forms of ill-treatment. In others, they may play a supportingrole in appeal procedures or requests for clemency in individual cases. 3The preventive monitoring mandate, as defined in Articles 4 and 19 ofOPCAT4 , is at the core of NPMs’ mandate. Their visits act as an importantdeterrent against the practice of torture and other forms of ill-treatment.In this respect, NPM members have the power to:• Visit any place where persons may be deprived of their liberty;• Interview detainees in private;• Access to all information concerning detainees; 5• Freely choose the places to be visited and the persons to be interviewed;• Carry out scheduled or ad hoc visits;• Make unannounced visits at different times of day, including at night. Itis advisable to carry out this type of visit.2 For more information: OHCHR, Preventing torture – The role of national preventivemechanisms, 2018, available at https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/NPM_Guide_EN.pdf3 See Part V, p. 57.4 See also SPT, Guidelines on National Preventive Mechanisms, CAT/OP/12/5, 9 December 2010,available at https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/695890?ln=en; and OHCHR, Preventingtorture – The role of national preventive mechanisms, 2018.5 See Parts IV and V.7ECPM2024IIIIIICONTENTS• Acronyms 4• Note on terminology 4• The role of National Preventive Mechanisms (NPMs)and National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)in prison monitoring 5INTRODUCTION 11• Who can use this guide? 12• How to use this guide? 13• How was this guide developed? 13• Prisoners sentenced to death: an overview 16• Women 16• Children 17• Sexual and gender minorities 18• Foreign nationals 19LEGAL PROTECTION FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CONDITIONSOF DETENTION OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATH 23• International and regional legal framework 24• Standards on the dignity of prisoners 24• Link between detention conditions,torture and the death penalty 25• National legal framework 28MAIN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATH 31• Civil and political rights 32• Economic, social and cultural rights 35PROCEDURES AND GUIDING PRINCIPLESFOR VISITS TO MONITOR PLACES OF DETENTION 39• Main monitoring bodies 40• National bodies carrying out monitoring visits 40• International bodies carrying out monitoring visits 41• Regional bodies carrying out monitoring visits 41• Ethical monitoring principles 43• Do no harm 43• Comply with your mandate 448MONITORING CONDITIONS OF DETENTIONOF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHPRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NHRIsAND NPMs• Use common sense and act with integrity 44• Show respect for prison authorities and staff 44• Show respect for prisoners sentenced to death 45• Be and remain credible 45• Respect the confidentiality principle 45• Ensure your safety 46• Show perseverance, patience and consistency 46• Be accurate and precise 46• Show sensitivity 46• Demonstrate impartiality and objectivity 47• Ensure your visibility 47PREPARATION OF THE MONITORING VISIT 49• Stage one:Develop terms of reference and objectives 50• Stage two:Select and train the monitoring team 50• Stage three:Collect and analyse relevant information 52• Stage four:Prepare interview guides 53• Stage five:Draw up a schedule 54• Stage six:Make logistical arrangements 54• Summary 54THE MONITORING VISIT 57• Practical arrangements for visits 58• Persons to be interviewed 58• Inspecting records 59• Prison visits 60• Interviewing prisoners sentenced to death 61• Thematic areas of monitoring 63• Material detention conditions of prisoners sentenced to death 63• Health care 65• Work, rehabilitation and reintegration activities 69• Violence in the prison system –punishment, segregation, means of restraint 70• Meaningful human contact, contact with the outside world,outdoor exercise, leisure and cultural activities 74• Prison staff 76• Procedural guarantees 78• Women 80• Children 82IVV9ECPM2024VI• Foreign nationals 83• Sexual and gender minorities 84• Ethnic and racial minorities 86FOLLOW [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Juveniles [5] => Legal Representation [6] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2025/01/Practical-Guide-NHRI-NPM_detention-monitoring.pdf ) [102] => Array ( [objectID] => 27127 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2024 : Death Sentences and Executions Remain Near Historic Lows Amid Growing Concerns about Fairness and Innocence [timestamp] => 1736208000 [date] => 07/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2024-death-sentences-and-executions-remain-near-historic-lows-amid-growing-concerns-about-fairness-and-innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty in 2024 report highlights critical trends in capital punishment: death sentences and executions remain near historic lows, public support continues to decline, and over 200 exonerations have now been documented. Landmark events include President Biden commuting the death sentences of 37 men on federal death row, Alabama's unprecedented use of nitrogen gas for executions, and increased attention to innocence in high-profile cases like Melissa Lucio and Richard Glossip. The report also underscores growing global criticism of the death penalty, as 130 countries backed a UN resolution for a moratorium. [texte] => The Death Penalty in 2024Death Sentences and Executions Remain NearHistoric Lows Amid Growing Concerns aboutFairness and InnocencePresident Biden Commutes Death Sentencesof 37 Men on Federal Row to RemedySystemic ProblemsFour States Responsible for 76% of ExecutionsExecutive Summary• The number of new death sentences in 2024increased from 2023, with 26. The numberof people on death row across the UnitedStates has continued to decline from a peakpopulation in the year 2000.• Public support for the death penalty remainsat a five-decade low (53%) and Gallup’srecent polling reveals that more than halfof young U.S. adults ages 18 through 43 nowoppose the death penalty. Fewer peoplefound the death penalty morally acceptablethis year (55%) than last year (60%).• Significant media attention, public protest,and support from unlikely allies in the cas-es of Marcellus “Khaliifah” Williams, RobertRoberson, and Richard Glossip elevated theissue of innocence in 2024, as the UnitedStates marked the milestone of 200 deathrow exonerations.• On December 23, President Biden commut-ed the death sentences of 37 men out of 40on the federal death row. In the states, noindividual death-sentenced person receivedclemency in 2024, In the states, no individualdeath-sentenced person received clemencyin 2024, the first year since 2016 withoutany state clemency grants.• Death penalty-related legislation wasenacted in at least six states to limituse of the death penalty, alter executionmethods or protocols, modify proce-dures, and increase secrecy. Abolitionefforts continue in more than a dozenstates, and efforts to reintroduce thedeath penalty in eight states failed.Only one effort to expand the deathpenalty to non-homicide crimes wassuccessful.• The 1600th execution in the mod-ern death penalty era occurred inSeptember 2024.• The number of people executed in 2024remained nearly the same as 2023,with 25 executions occurring in ninestates. This was the tenth consecutiveyear with fewer than 30 executions.Utah, South Carolina, and Indiana con-ducted their first executions after morethan a decade hiatus. Alabama becamethe first state to use nitrogen gas toexecute prisoners.• The United States Supreme Court haslargely abandoned the critical role ithas historically played in regulatingand limiting use of the death penalty.CreditsThe Death Penalty Information Center (DPI) is a national non-profitorganization whose mission is to serve the media, policymakers,and the general public with data and analysis on issues concerningcapital punishment and the people it affects. DPI does not take aposition on the death penalty itself but is critical of problems inits application.This report was written by DPI’s Executive Director Robin M. Maherand Managing Director Anne Holsinger, with the assistance of DPIstaff (Anumta Ali, Hayley Bedard, Kinari Council, Tiana Herring, DaneLindberg, Nina Motazedi, Łukasz Niparko, Pamela Quanrud, andLeah Roemer) and interns (Lauren Hill, Karl Mbouombouo, JennaToulan, and Quan Yuan). Further sources for facts and quotationsare available upon request.The Center is funded through the generosity of individual donorsand foundations, including the Roderick and Solange MacArthurJustice Center; the Fund for Nonviolence; M. Quinn Delaney; andthe Tides Foundation. The views expressed in this report are thoseof DPI and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its donors.Table of ContentsIntroductionPublic OpinonInnocenceLegislationNew Death SentencesSupreme CourtExecutionsInternationalQuotesMethodology61014222933456067706YEAR END REPORT 24Introduction7The death penalty is no longer an American story. In2024, what the death penalty means to you increasinglydepends on where you live, how old you are, and whoyou elect in your community.In most U.S. states, the death penalty is a relicof another era. If you are age 43 or younger, yourgen eration increas ing ly sup ports alter natives tothe death penalty. If you live in one of 34 states,your state either has no death penalty, or thelast execution was more than ten years ago.Just four states — Alabama, Texas, Missouri,and Oklahoma — were respon sible for 76% ofexecutions this year.The twenty-six new death sentences in 2024were scattered among ten states, but theonly states which permit non-unanimoussentencing were responsible for more than40% of them: Florida (7) and Alabama (4).Nine of these eleven death sentences werenon-unanimous.Nine states executed 25 people this year, sim-ilar to 2023 (24 executions). But if you live inone of the other 41 states, the death penaltymay not even register as a concern. This factdid not go unnoticed by politicians running fornational office. In this important presidentialelection year, the death penalty was noticeablyabsent from both major political party plat-forms and wasn’t an issue in the presidentialcampaign. Use of the death penalty also failedto rank as a priority issue among likely votersin national polls.Local politicians frequently drove outcomesin death penalty cases this year. Alabama’selected officials chose to use nitrogen gasto suffocate three prisoners despite wide-spread condemnation of a method manyexperts called torture.In Missouri, state and local politicians foughtabout the fate of Marcellus Williams, whoseexecution occurred despite the oppositionof more than one million people.And in Texas and Oklahoma, there was rarepublic support from elected officials whohelped focus attention on the failure ofstate laws and procedures to adequatelyprotect prisoners with compelling evidenceof innocence, like Robert Roberson andRichard Glossip.Looking ahead, the power of local politi-cians is likely to be determinative so longas the United State Supreme Court refusesto intervene in state death penalty cases.8202461328917716513811611610963584540373733332725111199864211002,180202364729818516713911512011564614544403637362726131198874211002,262JurisdictionCaliforniaFloridaTexasAlabamaNorth CarolinaArizonaOhioPennsylvaniaLouisianaNevadaTennesseeU.S. Federal Gov’tGeorgiaMississippiOklahomaSouth CarolinaArkansasKentuckyMissouriNebraskaKansasIdahoIndianaUtahU.S. MilitaryMontanaNew Hampshire†South DakotaOregonWyonmingTotal• Data from NAACP Legal Defenseand Educational Fund forOctober 1 of the year shown.• On December 23, 2024,President Biden com mut-ed sen tences for 37 deathrow prisoners.• Persons with death sentencesin multiple states are onlyinclud ed once in the total.• †New Hampshire prospective-ly abolished the death pen-alty May 30, 2019.Death Row Population By State910YEAR END REPORT 24Public Opinion11Public support for the death penalty remains at a five-decade low (53%) and recent Gallup polling reveals thatmore than half of young U.S. adults ages 18 through43 now oppose the death penalty. Fewer people foundthe death penalty morally acceptable this year (55%)than last year (60%).National Polling Shows PublicSupport at Five-Decade LowAccording to October 2024 polling by Gallup,support for the death penalty remains at afive-decade low in the United States. Overall,Gallup found 53% of Americans in favor of thedeath penalty, but that number masks consid-erable differences between older and youngerAmericans. More than half of young adults aged18 to 43 now oppose the death penalty.Among those expressing a political affiliation,support for the death penalty fell markedlyin all groups and in all generations, with theexception of Republicans aged sixty and older,where support for the death penal ty roseby 2%. Public support of the death penaltypeaked thirty years ago, in 1994, when 80% ofAmericans said they favored the death penaltyfor a person convicted of murder.A generational divide in Gallup’s polling resultsalso shows that more than half of young U.S.adults — millennials and Generation Z, ages18 through 43 — oppose the death penalty,while approximately six in ten adults amongthe older generations—Silent Generation,Generation X, and baby boomers — favorthe death penalty.This generational gap has been wideningevery year for the past 20 years, accord-ing to Gallup. Since 2000, support for thedeath penalty among millennials (ages 28to 43) has fallen 25%.12Support for the death penalty among youngerDemocrats dropped even further — 18%since 2016. Among older Republicans, sup-port for the death penalty increased slightly(the only group in the Gallup poll to show anincrease in support) while support amongyounger Republicans fell slightly, by 4%.The trend among Independents followedthat of Democrats generally, but was not asmarked, with support for the death penaltyamong older Independents falling by 6%and among younger Independents by 10%.Gallup’s Moral Issues Survey, administered in May2024, noted a drop in the number of Americanswho find the death penalty morally acceptable:only 55% of Americans now believe the deathpenalty is morally acceptable, down 8% fromthe previous year, while 39% of respondentssaid the death penalty is morally unacceptable,up 15% from 2023. Moral support of the deathpenalty peaked in 2006, at 76%. State PollingShows Majority Support for Alternatives to theDeath Penalty.Gallup only began collecting data on Gen Z overthe past four years, but the spread betweenGen Z and all other age groups is striking — 58%of Gen Z oppose the death penalty, compared toonly 38% of baby boomers and the so-called“Silent Generation” (which together compriseall those 60 years and older). Support for thedeath penalty also fell among this older cohort,but only by about 6% since 2000.The divide between supporters of the twomajor political parties shows an erosion of sup-port for the death penalty among Democrats,Independents, and younger Republicans.Support for the death penalty has remainedstable among older Republicans over the past25 years, but support for the death penaltyamong Democrats 60 years old and older hasfallen 11% since 2016.13State Polling Shows MajoritySupport for Alternatives to theDeath PenaltyA St. Louis University and YouGov annual poll,adm [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Innocence [2] => Public Opinion [3] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/research/analysis/reports/year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2024 ) [103] => Array ( [objectID] => 27128 [title] => Women and the Death Penalty in Iran: A Gendered Perspective [timestamp] => 1736121600 [date] => 06/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-iran-a-gendered-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This comprehensive report by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) explores the gendered dimensions of the death penalty in Iran, highlighting systemic inequalities, discriminatory laws, and societal factors that disproportionately affect women on death row. Between 2010 and 2024, at least 241 women were executed, with only 26% of cases officially reported. Many were sentenced under circumstances marked by domestic violence, coerced confessions, or lack of legal representation. The report underscores the urgent need for international advocacy to address these injustices and promote gender equality in Iran's judicial system. [texte] => Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran | IHRNGO 1WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRANA GENDERED PERSPECTIVE© Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) 2025www.iranhr.netmail@iranhr.netTABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionAbout this reportSources & methodologyGender apartheid & discriminatory lawsSocietal factorsDeath row conditionsWomen executionsFacts & figures about women executionsMurder executionsDrug-related executionsSecurity-related executionsOfficial media research of women at risk of death penaltyRecommendations45668811111215171822Acknowledgement: IHRNGO wishes to express its gratitude to the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty and the Advocates for Human Rights for their support andcollaboration. Special thanks to lawyers and women human rights defenders who risktheir safety to create awareness about the situation of women on death row in Iran.4 IHRNGO | Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran | IHRNGO 5In 2024, two years after the start of the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement, Iran recorded a grim milestonein its execution of women. With 31 women executed, this marks the highest annual figure since Iran HumanRights began monitoring the death penalty 17 years ago. An unknown number of women remain on deathrow, many of whom, including Kurdish activists Verisheh Moradi and Pakhshan Azizi, might face executionin the coming months. Since 1979, the Islamic Republic has used executions as a tool of political oppressionto instill fear and maintain its grip on power, with thousands of women and men executed following shamtrials. While the majority of those executed have been men, the stories of women and the gender-specificdimensions of the death penalty in Iran have largely remained hidden.To draw attention to this overlooked issue, Iran Human Rights has published its latest report, “Women andthe Death Penalty in Iran: a Gendered Perspective” which reviews the executions of women between 2010 and2024. The report sheds light on the gendered aspects of the death penalty, exposing systemic inequalities andsocietal factors that perpetuate the suffering of women on death row. On publication of this report MahmoodAmiry-Moghaddam, Director of Iran Human Rights, said: “The execution of women in Iran reveals not justthe brutality of the death penalty, but the depth of systemic gender inequality in the judicial system. We callon the international community to act urgently to address the systemic injustices and gender apartheid facedby women in Iran and to intensify efforts to save those on death row.”According to the report, between 2010 and 2024, at least 241 women were executed in Iran, primarily formurder or drug-related offences. Among them were nine child brides, three of whom were under 18 at thetime of their alleged crimes. These figures however, only tell part of the story. The Islamic Republic shroudsits executions in secrecy, with only 26% of women’s executions officially announced. This lack of transparencyhas worsened in recent years, with an average of just 12% disclosed since 2021. Women from marginalisedethnic minority regions, such as Sistan and Baluchistan, are disproportionately represented, underscoring theintersection of systemic discrimination, poverty, and judicial bias.Many of the women executed for murder acted out of desperation in response to violence, rape or coercivecontrol. About 70% of women sentenced to death for murder, are charged for murdering their male partner.Trapped in abusive marriages, they were often driven to acts of self-defence. Yet Iran’s legal system rarelyacknowledges such mitigating circumstances. Women’s testimonies are worth half of men’s, and laws fail torecognise domestic violence or marital rape, leaving these women defenceless in court. Those accused ofmurder face qisas (retribution in kind), where the victim’s family are given the responsibility of decidingbetween forgiveness, blood money, or execution, often resulting in death sentences.Life on death row is compounded by societal stigma and systemic neglect. Many women are abandonedby their families, deprived of legal and emotional support, and left to endure inhumane prison conditions.Poverty and illiteracy, particularly among ethnic minority women, further exacerbate their vulnerability, asthey often lack the resources to navigate the judicial system or defend themselves against unfounded charges.Drug-related offenses have also claimed the lives of at least 107 women between 2010 and 2024. Despiteamendments to Iran’s Anti-Narcotics Laws in 2017 that initially reduced such executions, the practice hasresurged, reaching a nine-year high in 2024. Many of these women were coerced into drug offenses or unawareof their involvement, yet they faced the death penalty under the Islamic Republic’s oppressive legal framework.Each statistic in this report represents a human story—a life impacted by systemic injustice, societal stigma,and a lack of avenues for redress.Since its establishment in 1979, the Islamic Republic has used the death penalty as a primary instrumentto instill fear and maintain its grip on power. At a minimum, tens of thousands of prisoners, includingwomen, have been executed following sham trials. While the vast majority of those executed have been men,significantly less information is available about the women who have faced this inhuman punishment. Evenless attention has been given to the gender-specific aspects of the death penalty in Iran.This report examines how the death penalty in Iran uniquely affects women, with a focus on executionscarried out between 2010 and 2024. The majority of these women were sentenced to death for charges relatedto murder or drug offences. As an attempt to estimate the number of women sentenced to death during a givenperiod, we have also conducted a systematic search of official Iranian media from January 2022 to January2024.It is important to note that this report does not cover the large number of female political prisoners executedduring the 1980s or women subjected to stoning or hanging for adultery in the first three decades of theIslamic Republic.There has been limited research about the mass execution of political opponents in the 1980s. Thousands wereexecuted in show trials during this decade, including the mass-executions of 1981 and 1988, described by theUN Special Rapporteur Javaid Rehman as crimes against humanity and genocide.1 Women, in particular,faced harrowing fates—many subjected to rape before execution—a dark facet of history that requires deeperinvestigation.The practice of stoning, though not included in this report, serves as a stark example of the gender biasesentrenched in the Islamic Republic’s judicial system. Officially not practiced since the end of 2000s, it was amethod disproportionately used against women accused of adultery. These women were buried up to theirchests, making any attempt to escape impossible, while men, buried to the waist, often invoked defenceslike polygamy or temporary marriages. Such brutal practices highlight the historical and ongoing gendereddisparities in Iran’s legal system.This report seeks to shed light on the contemporary experiences of women facing the death penalty, focusingon the discriminatory laws and societal factors that perpetuate their suffering. Due to the scarcity of officialdata on women on death row, we rely on verified cases and systematic analysis to uncover trends and bringattention to the realities faced by these women.ABOUT THIS REPORTINTRODUCTION“Atrocity Crimes” and grave violations of human rights committed by the Islamic Republic of Iran (1981–1982 and 1988): Detailedfindings of Mr. Javaid Rehman, the Special Rapporteur on situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, July 2024:https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/iran/20240717-SR-Iran-Findings.pdf16 IHRNGO | Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran | IHRNGO 7The lack of transparency in Iran’s judicial system poses significant challenges for obtaining reliable data. Thisreport is based on a combination of official and unofficial sources. Official sources include announcements byIranian media, judiciary outlets, and state-run agencies, though these cover only 26% of women’s executionsbetween 2010 and 2024. Unofficial sources involve information verified by Iran Human Rights througheyewitnesses, families, lawyers, and other human rights organisations. Only cases corroborated by at leasttwo independent sources are included in this report.There is no public data on the exact number of women on death row in Iran. The number of women sentencedto death in a given time period can provide only an indirect indication on this issue. For the period betweenJanuary 2022 and January 2024, a systematic review of three primary Iranian media outlets was conducted toidentify women facing charges punishable by the death penalty. These data are presented in the last section ofthis report. The collection of information on women’s cases is particularly difficult, as many are abandonedby their families, leaving them without external advocacy and reporting. This report follows IHRNGO’s 2021Report on Women and the Death Penalty in Iran.2GENDER APARTHEID &DISCRIMINATORY LAWSA lack of due process and fair trials plagues the Iranian judicial system, with confessions often obtained undertorture serving as the primary method of proving guilt, regardless of gender.3 In addition, Iran’s judiciaryis deeply rooted in gender apartheid, where systemic discrimination affects women’s chances of fair trialsand increases their vulnerability to the death penalty. The head of the judiciary and all judges in criminaland Revolutionary Courts with the authority to issue death sentences are men, ensuring a lack of genderimpartiality in the legal system. The discriminatory laws disproportionately targeting women include, butnot limited to: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Gender [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/7263/ ) [104] => Array ( [objectID] => 27091 [title] => Zimbabwe Abolishes the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1736121600 [date] => 06/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/zimbabwe-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/zimbabwe-abolition-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 31 December 2024, Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa signed the Death Penalty Abolition Bill into law. [texte] => On 31 December 2024, Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa signed the Death Penalty Abolition Bill into law. (more…) "Zimbabwe Abolishes the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [105] => Array ( [objectID] => 27123 [title] => Blood Era: A Historic Record of Executions in Saudi Arabia 2024 [timestamp] => 1736035200 [date] => 05/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/blood-era-a-historic-record-of-executions-in-saudi-arabia-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) reports an alarming escalation in executions in Saudi Arabia in 2024, marking a historic high with 345 individuals executed—double the number from 2023. This report highlights the extensive use of the death penalty, with executions for drug-related offenses, political charges, and discretionary judgments (Taazir) significantly increasing. The grim statistics reveal a judicial system fraught with human rights violations, including torture, lack of legal defense, and the execution of minors and women. Amid international criticism, Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty underscores a blatant disregard for justice and human dignity, perpetuating fear and repression while pursuing an international image of progressiveness. [texte] => ReportsBlood Era: A Historic Record of Executions in Saudi Arabia 20245 January، 2025IntroductionWith record-breaking and historic execution numbers and an unprecedented expansion of charges, Saudi Arabia closed the year 2024. The shocking figures doubled compared to 2023, with an increase exceeding 100%, signaling a significant escalation in the use of the death penalty as Saudi Arabia’s primary tool for punishment, sending messages, and instilling fear. According to official statistics, from King Salman bin Abdulaziz's ascension to power in 2015 until the end of 2024, Saudi Arabia executed 1,585 individuals, 345 of whom—22%—were executed in 2024, averaging one execution every 25 hours.The sharp rise in numbers included executions of individuals charged with drug-related offenses, an expansion of charges warranting the death penalty, a troubling increase in the execution of women, and a high proportion of foreigners. Despite human rights criticisms and international pressure, which culminated in Saudi Arabia losing its bid for membership in the UN Human Rights Council, the kingdom's highest human rights body, in September 2024, King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman approved the execution of 345 individuals. These executions were carried out amidst the complete absence of justice guarantees and ongoing violations in judicial proceedings. This alarming increase starkly exposed the false promises made in recent years, particularly by Mohammed bin Salman, and revealed Saudi Arabia’s trajectory regarding human rights, especially concerning the death penalty.While Saudi Arabia celebrated hosting major global events and welcoming celebrities from around the world, the shadow of execution loomed over its prisons. Inmates lived in a constant state of fear, facing the threat of sudden, unannounced executions.As the new year begins, Saudi Arabia continues to threaten dozens with execution, including minors, protesters, and clerics, reflecting the regime's ongoing repressive approach and revealing the darker side of the image the kingdom seeks to project internationally.In its 2024 annual report, the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights seeks to shed light on the statistics and figures related to these executions, analyze the practices of the Saudi judiciary, including gross violations of criminal justice, the lack of transparency in trials, and the factors that have contributed to the expanded use of this punishment.Figures and Statistics:Saudi Arabia broke its previous records, executing 345 individuals in 2024, marking a 100% increase compared to 2023, which saw 172 executions—a historically grim and shocking figure. The details within these numbers suggest that this increase reflects a deliberate policy and a commitment to continuing executions.Types of Executions:Saudi Arabia claims that its judicial rulings are based on Islamic Sharia; however, analyses of its laws and verdicts indicate a reliance on selectively chosen and extreme interpretations of religious texts.Taazir (Discretionary Punishment):Taazir refers to a punishment for a crime or offense that has no fixed penalty or atonement in Sharia, meaning it is not predetermined by Islamic law. It is left to the ruler's discretion, based on the nature and circumstances of the crime. Taazir aims to achieve deterrence and reform. Saudi Arabia extensively employs Taazir to punish individuals for charges not explicitly defined in Sharia; that are not considered among the most serious under international law; including political accusations, expressing opinions, and drug-related offenses.In 2024, 141 Taazir sentences were carried out, representing 40% of the total executions. This marks a significant increase compared to 2023, which was 54 Taazir sentences, accounting for 36.49% of executions. The rise reflects both a notable numerical and percentage increase.Unspecified (Taazir):In 2024, ESOHR documented 39 executions for which the Ministry of Interior did not specify the nature of the ruling. These accounted for 8.7% of all executions. This lack of disclosure is a new approach not previously observed in individual executions and is part of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to manipulate data related to the death penalty. Most of these rulings were issued by the Specialized Criminal Court for terrorism cases. The charges faced by the executed individuals ranged from harboring offenders to supporting extremist ideologies and participating in shootings—charges that typically result in Taazir death sentences.Accordingly, based on the organization's monitoring, the total share of Taazir executions—both declared and unspecified—rose to 48.7%, an increase of more than 11% compared to 2023. This increase in executions that lack explicit Sharia justification highlights Saudi Arabia’s expansive use of the death penalty and the inadequacy of invoking Sharia to justify such actions.Qisas (Retribution):Qisas is the principle of proportional punishment and is one of the fixed penalties in Sharia law. It is a right granted to the victim's family, applied to achieve justice between the offender and the victim in crimes that result in the loss of life or physical harm. The offender is punished in kind, "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth," such as the killer is killed. Qisas is implemented only if conclusive evidence is available and the victim's family consents.In 2024, 128 Qisas sentences were carried out, representing 37% of the total 345 executions. This compares to 2023, which recorded 66 Qisas sentences, accounting for 44.59% of the total executions.Hadd (Prescribed Punishments):Hadd refers to penalties fixed by Sharia law for specific offenses as a right of Allah. In 2024, 37 Hadd sentences were carried out, making up 10% of all executions. This is a decrease from 2023, which saw 50 Hadd executions, constituting 29% of the total.Executions of Foreign Nationals:In 2024, Saudi Arabia executed 207 Saudis and 138 foreign nationals, with foreigners accounting for 31% of all executions. This represents a significant increase compared to 2023, when 38 foreign nationals were executed, constituting 22% of the total. The nationalities of the executed foreign nationals were as follows: 17 Egyptians, 16 Syrians, 27 Yemenis, 8 Ethiopians, 3 Sudanese, 14 Nigerians, 3 Indians, 25 Pakistanis, 1 Sri Lankans, 17 Jordanians, 3 Afghans, 1 Filipinos, 1 Bangladeshis, 1 Eritrean, and 1 Kenyan.The rising number of foreign nationals executed comes amid growing concerns about the severe violations faced by foreign workers in Saudi Arabia, including human trafficking. As Saudi Arabia prepares to host the World Cup, fears are mounting that such abuses may escalate.With a lack of transparency in Saudi Arabia's handling of execution cases, tracking the cases of certain foreign nationals, including Egyptians and Jordanians, has revealed common violations. These include the absence of any role for consulates or embassies, denial of adequate legal defense for the accused, failure to appoint legal representation, disregard for defendants' arguments in court, and exposure to torture and ill-treatment.While Saudi Arabia uses major sporting events, such as hosting the World Cup and the Winter Olympics, to bolster its international image as a progressive and open nation, FIFA accepted Saudi Arabia’s bid despite its failure to meet the required human rights standards in its proposal. Migrant workers' rights remain one of the most pressing concerns, with ongoing abuses and fears of further violations during preparations for the infrastructure needed to host the World Cup. Estimates suggest that migrant workers make up over 30% of Saudi Arabia’s population, employed in critical sectors such as construction and services.Migrant workers' rights remain a pressing concern, with ongoing violations and fears of further abuses during World Cup preparations. Estimates suggest that migrant workers make up more than 30% of the population in Saudi Arabia, working in vital sectors such as construction and services.Executions of Women:In 2024, Saudi Arabia executed 9 women, marking the highest number of female executions in the country's history, representing a 50% increase compared to 2023, which saw 6 women executed.According to the data, the executions of women were as follows: 3 Saudi nationals, 4 Nigerian nationals, 1 Ethiopian, and 1 Kenyan. The four Nigerian women faced charges related to drugs. Due to the ongoing lack of transparency, it is difficult to know the exact number of women currently facing the death penalty.In this context, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, during its latest session in October 2024, reviewed Saudi Arabia's commitments and raised concerns about the fairness of trials, particularly for migrant women, who are explicitly excluded from protection under the labor law.Distribution by Region:The Ministry of Interior releases data on the locations of executions. According to official data, most executions took place in Riyadh, with 74 executions, followed by Mecca (68), Al-Jouf (39), Asir (38), the Eastern Province (35), Tabuk (31), Medina (16), Jazan (16), Najran (9), the Northern Borders (7), Ha'il (5), Qassim (4), Al-Baha (2), and the Eastern Borders (1). Charges: Saudi Arabia repeatedly asserts in international forums that the death penalty is reserved for the most serious crimes. In 2024, it accepted recommendations aimed at limiting the use of this punishment. However, in contrast to these claims, 2024 saw an expansion in the charges that led to executions. Along with the doubling of executions for drug-related offenses, there were executions for charges like merely "concealment," and dozens of executions were carried out for vague charges of treason. This expansion is one of the clearest indicators of Saudi Arabia's continued disregard for its international obligations and its broad use of the death penalty.ChargesSaudi Arabia repeatedly asserts i [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://euh.global.ssl.fastly.net/en/%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A/ ) [106] => Array ( [objectID] => 27078 [title] => Zambia commits to irreversible abolition of the death penalty for all crimes [timestamp] => 1734912000 [date] => 23/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/zambia-commits-to-irreversible-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-for-all-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/zambia-dec2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Zambia has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 19 December 2024. [texte] => Zambia has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 19 December 2024. (more…) "Zambia commits to irreversible abolition of the death penalty for all crimes " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [107] => Array ( [objectID] => 27032 [title] => Two thirds of the United Nations General Assembly vote in favor of the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1734652800 [date] => 20/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-thirds-of-the-united-nations-general-assembly-vote-in-favor-of-the-10th-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/UNGAmoratoriumResolutionVote2024-500x231.jpeg [extrait] => On 17 December 2024, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 130 votes in favor out of the 193 United Nations Member States (5 more than in 2022), 32 votes against (5 less than in 2022), 22 abstentions and 9 absent. [texte] => On 17 December 2024, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 130 votes in favor out of the 193 United Nations Member States (5 more than in 2022), 32 votes against (5 less than in 2022), 22 abstentions and 9 absent. (more…) "Two thirds of the United Nations General Assembly vote in favor of the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [108] => Array ( [objectID] => 27020 [title] => Cookie Policy [timestamp] => 1734566400 [date] => 19/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cookie-policy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Effective Date: 19-Dec-2024 Last Updated: 19-Dec-2024 What are cookies? This Cookie Policy explains what cookies are and how we use them, the types of cookies we use i.e, the information we collect using cookies and how that information is used, and how to manage the cookie settings. Cookies are small text files that are […] [texte] => a.cky-banner-element { padding: 8px 30px; background: #F8F9FA; color: #858A8F; border: 1px solid #DEE2E6; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 2px; cursor: pointer;} Effective Date: 19-Dec-2024 Last Updated: 19-Dec-2024 What are cookies?This Cookie Policy explains what cookies are and how we use them, the types of cookies we use i.e, the information we collect using cookies and how that information is used, and how to manage the cookie settings. Cookies are small text files that are used to store small pieces of information. They are stored on your device when the website is loaded on your browser. These cookies help us make the website function properly, make it more secure, provide better user experience, and understand how the website performs and to analyze what works and where it needs improvement. How do we use cookies?As most of the online services, our website uses first-party and third-party cookies for several purposes. First-party cookies are mostly necessary for the website to function the right way, and they do not collect any of your personally identifiable data. The third-party cookies used on our website are mainly for understanding how the website performs, how you interact with our website, keeping our services secure, providing advertisements that are relevant to you, and all in all providing you with a better and improved user experience and help speed up your future interactions with our website. Types of Cookies we use Manage cookie preferences Cookie Settings You can change your cookie preferences any time by clicking the above button. This will let you revisit the cookie consent banner and change your preferences or withdraw your consent right away. In addition to this, different browsers provide different methods to block and delete cookies used by websites. You can change the settings of your browser to block/delete the cookies. Listed below are the links to the support documents on how to manage and delete cookies from the major web browsers. Chrome: https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/32050Safari: https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/safari/sfri11471/macFirefox: https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/clear-cookies-and-site-data-firefox?redirectslug=delete-cookies-remove-info-websites-stored&redirectlocale=en-USInternet Explorer: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/how-to-delete-cookie-files-in-internet-explorer-bca9446f-d873-78de-77ba-d42645fa52fcIf you are using any other web browser, please visit your browser’s official support documents. Cookie Policy Generated By CookieYes - Cookie Policy Generator. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [109] => Array ( [objectID] => 27588 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1734566400 [date] => 19/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2024-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines important developments regarding the death penalty in Texas in 2024, highlighting cases of individuals convicted despite evidence of innocence, racial and geographic disparities, and issues related to lethal injections. [texte] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in ReviewA Report by the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyExecutive SummaryIn 2024, there were significant developments in numerous cases of individuals who faced executiondespite evidence of their innocence. Most notable was the case of Robert Roberson, which generatedwidespread support and unprecedented bipartisan concern from Texas lawmakers. Roberson facedexecution on October 17, 2024, despite overwhelming new scientific and medical evidence that hischronically ill two-year-old daughter Nikki died because of serious health issues—including undiagnosedpneumonia—not homicide. Convicted in Anderson County in 2003, Roberson has spent more thantwenty years on death row for a crime that did not occur. His conviction was based on the outdated andnow discredited “Shaken Baby Syndrome” hypothesis.The Supreme Court of Texas granted a stay to Roberson at 9:45 PM on the night of his scheduledexecution after the Texas House Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence took the unusual action of issuinga subpoena to obtain his testimony at a legislative hearing. The Court has since lifted the stay, butRoberson does not yet have a new execution date.Two other individuals with execution dates in 2024 also sought to present evidence of their innocence.The State put Ivan Cantu to death in February even though newly discovered evidence, which was notheard by his jury in 2001 or considered by any court, exposed multiple falsehoods in the testimony ofthe main witness against him at trial. In July, Ruben Gutierrez received a last-minute stay from theSupreme Court of the United States, which later agreed to consider his claim that he should be allowedto pursue his legal rights to conduct DNA testing. Gutierrez maintains such testing will confirm hisinnocence of the crime for which he was sentenced to death.In two other prominent death penalty cases—Melissa Lucio and Kerry Max Cook—courts madedeterminations of “actual innocence.” Lucio’s case remains pending at the Texas Court of CriminalAppeals (CCA), which is considering whether to accept the trial court’s recommendation to overturn herconviction and death sentence, while Cook was officially exonerated by the Texas CCA nearly fifty yearsafter his first conviction.Texas was one of nine states to carry out executions in 2024, with Alabama accounting for the mostexecutions this year (six total). Four of the five men (80 percent) put to death by Texas were Black orHispanic. Harris County accounted for two of the five executions in 2024.Death sentences remained in the single digits for the tenth consecutive year, with juries sending six newpeople to death row. Five of the six men are people of color. Tarrant County alone accounted for half ofthese new sentences, with juries there sending three people of color to death row.The cases and statistics cited in this report raise serious alarms about the reliability and fairness ofTexas’s death penalty system. They also demonstrate the obstacles that often stand in the way of truthand due process. The persistent problems with the death penalty—particularly its arbitrary and biasedimposition—should compel concerned citizens and elected officials to confront the realities of capitalpunishment and examine the efficacy and cost of executions as a means of achieving justice.Table of ContentsIntroduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1Death Sentences ................................................................................................................................. 1Jury Rejections and Other Non-Death Outcomes .............................................................................. 4Executions ........................................................................................................................................... 5Stays of Execution ............................................................................................................................... 7Significant Post-Conviction Rulings..................................................................................................... 10Reduced Sentences and Deaths in Custody ....................................................................................... 11Lethal Injection Issues......................................................................................................................... 12Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 12Table 1: New Death Sentences in Texas in 2024 ................................................................................ 13Table 2: Texas Executions in 2024 ...................................................................................................... 13Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyP.O. Box 82212Austin, TX 78708-2212(512) 552-5948www.tcadp.org@TCADPdotORGReport release date: December 19, 2024Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in Review is available online athttps://tcadp.org/reports/. Contact TCADP Executive Director Kristin Houlé Cuellar at kristin@tcadp.orgfor more information.1Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in ReviewIntroductionThe Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty publishes this report to inform the public and electedofficials about issues associated with the death penalty over the past year. The report presentsinformation on death sentences and scheduled executions, reduced sentences, post-conviction rulings,and other issues impacting the administration of capital punishment in Texas.Death SentencesNew Death SentencesDeath sentences have fallen from a peak of forty-eight death verdicts in 1999 to single digits each of thepast ten years.Juries in Texas sent six new individuals to death row in 2024. Tarrant County alone accounted for threeof the new death sentences.On average, more than four years elapsed between the time of the crime and when the capital trials ofthese six defendants commenced.• On January 31, 2024, a Hidalgo County jury sentenced Victor Godinez to death after deliberating fornearly twelve hours. Godinez was convicted of killing Moises Sanchez, a trooper for the TexasDepartment of Public Safety, after Sanchez responded to a vehicular accident involving Godinez onApril 6, 2019. According to the prosecution’s case, Godinez opened fire at Sanchez while fleeing thescene. Sanchez died several months later, in August 2019, following a surgery. It was the first newdeath sentence in Hidalgo County since 2005.• On April 24, 2024, a Tarrant County jury sentenced Paige Terrell Lawyer to death for killing hisformer girlfriend, O’Tishae Womack, and her ten-year-old daughter, Ka’Myria Womack, in 2018. Itwas the first new death sentence in Tarrant County since 2019.4834263728 2414 11 14 12 9 8 8 9 9 11 3 3 4 7 4 2 3 2 3 6010203040506019992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024New Death Sentences in Texas2• On May 2, 2024, a Johnson County jury sentenced Jerry Elders to death for kidnapping and killingRobin Waddell after stealing her car while fleeing law enforcement in 2021. He is the only personcurrently on death row from Johnson County.• On November 13, 2024, a Gregg County jury sentenced Gregory Newson to death for killing PanolaCounty Deputy Chris Dickerson in 2019. The trial was moved from Panola to Gregg County due topretrial publicity. After four days of testimony, the jury deliberated for less than an hour beforedelivering a guilty verdict on October 28, 2024. Following several hours of additional testimony inthe punishment phase, jurors decided there were no mitigating factors to preclude a death sentenceand rejected evidence presented by the defense that Newson has intellectual disability.• On November 20, 2024, a Tarrant County jury sentenced Christopher Turner to death for therobbery and murder of Anwar Ali, the owner of a convenience store, in 2020. At one point leadingup to the trial, Turner fired his appointed attorneys and went pro se. He later requested to berepresented by the new standby counsel who had been appointed.• On December 4, 2024, a Tarrant County jury sentenced Jason Thornburg to death for killing threepeople in Euless in 2021: David Lueras; Lauren Phillips; and Maricruz Reyes-Mathis. Jurors rejectedThornburg’s insanity defense. Thornburg grew up on a Navajo reservation. His defense attorneysargued he suffered from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder and mental health issues.New Death Sentences by CountyThe death penalty remains geographicallyisolated within Texas. This year, just onejurisdiction—Tarrant County—accounted for50 percent of the new death sentences. It isthe first time since 2014 that a county hassent more than one new person to deathrow in a single year. (In 2014, Harris Countyjuries sentenced four people to death.)Tarrant has now surpassed Bexar County forthe third-highest number of people (78total) sentenced to death in Texas since1974, behind Harris (298) and Dallas (108)counties.Juries in just thirteen of the 254 counties inTexas have imposed new death sentences inthe last five years. Only juries in Harris andTarrant counties have sentenced more thanone person to death in this period. One-thirdof all death sentences in the last five yearscome from those two counties.Texas Death Sentences by County, 2020-20243Texas Counties with More Than One Death Sentence in the Last Five YearsCounty 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total2020-2024Total People Sentenced toDeath Since 1974Harris 1 0 1 0 0 2 298Tarrant 0 0 01 0 3 3 78Total Harris &Tarrant 1 0 1 0 3 5 376All Counties 2 3 2 3 6 16 1,126New Death Sentences by RaceAs death sentences decline in Texas, they continue to be applied disproportionately to people of color.In 2024, five of the six men sentenced to death are peop [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Death Row Conditions [3] => Fair Trial [4] => Innocence [5] => Intellectual Disability [6] => Legal Representation [7] => Mental Illness [8] => Moratorium [9] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2024-FINAL-REPORT.pdf ) [110] => Array ( [objectID] => 27175 [title] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2024 [timestamp] => 1734393600 [date] => 17/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-adopted-by-the-general-assembly-on-17-december-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The General Assembly of the United Nations calls for a global moratorium on the death penalty, emphasizing the importance of human rights, fair trials, and transparency. It encourages states to reduce capital punishment offenses, improve detention conditions, and share their experiences in limiting or abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => United Nations A/RES/79/179General Assembly Distr.: General19 December 202424-24220 (E)*2424220*Seventy-ninth sessionAgenda item 71 (b)Promotion and protection of human rights: human rightsquestions, including alternative approaches for improvingthe effective enjoyment of human rights andfundamental freedomsResolution adopted by the General Assemblyon 17 December 2024[on the report of the Third Committee (A/79/458/Add.2, para. 99)]79/179. Moratorium on the use of the death penaltyThe General Assembly,Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the UnitedNations,Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights,2 the Convention on the Rights of the Child 3and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of RacialDiscrimination,4Recalling the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, 5 and in this regardwelcoming the increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the SecondOptional Protocol,Recalling also its resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168 of18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012,69/186 of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December2018, 75/183 of 16 December 2020 and 77/222 of 15 December 2022 on the questionof a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in which the General Assembly calledupon States that still maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium onexecutions with a view to abolishing it,__________________1 Resolution 217 A (III).2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.4 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.5 Ibid., vol. 1642, No. 14668.A/RES/79/179 Moratorium on the use of the death penalty24-242202/5Recalling further all relevant decisions and resolutions of the Human RightsCouncil, the most recent of which was resolution 54/35 of 13 October 2023,6Mindful that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the implementation of thedeath penalty is irreversible and irreparable,Convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes torespect for human dignity and to the enhancement and progressive development ofhuman rights, and considering that there is no conclusive evidence of the deterrentvalue of the death penalty,Noting ongoing local and national debates and regional initiatives on the deathpenalty, as well as the readiness of an increasing number of Member States to makeavailable to the public information on the use of the death penalty, and also, in thisregard, the decision by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 26/2 of 26 June20147 to convene biennial high-level panel discussions in order to further exchangeviews on the question of the death penalty,Recognizing the role of national human rights institutions and civil society incontributing to ongoing local and national debates and regional initiatives on thedeath penalty,Noting the long-term reductions in reported executions, as well as the increasein commutations of death sentences, and welcoming all measures taken by Statestowards limiting the application of the death penalty,Expressing with deep concern that, despite the global trend towards limiting theapplication of the death penalty, there has been a recent surge in reported executions,Emphasizing the need to ensure that persons facing the death penalty haveaccess to justice without discrimination of any kind, including access to legal counsel,that they are treated with humanity and with respect for their inherent dignity and incompliance with their rights under international human rights law, and to improveconditions in prisons in accordance with international standards, notably the UnitedNations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson MandelaRules)8 and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners andNon-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), 9Noting with deep concern that, as shown in recent reports of the Secretary-General, frequently, poor and economically vulnerable persons, foreign nationals,persons exercising their human rights and persons belonging to religious or ethnicminorities are disproportionately represented among those sentenced to the deathpenalty and the discriminatory application of the death penalty, to women, 10Noting that transparent reporting and access to information regarding the use ofthe death penalty and criminal prosecutions can expose discriminatory practices orimpact in the imposition and application of the death penalty, and recalling that,particularly in cases of capital punishment, States must guarantee transparency inorder to ensure that all persons benefit from due process guarantees,Noting also the negative impact that the imposition of the death penalty has onthe rights of children whose parents or parental caregivers face the death penalty, aswell as other family members,__________________6 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53A(A/78/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A.7 Ibid., Sixty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/69/53), chap. V, sect. A.8 Resolution 70/175, annex.9 Resolution 65/229, annex.10 See, inter alia, A/73/260 and A/75/309.Moratorium on the use of the death penalty A/RES/79/1793/524-24220Noting further the technical cooperation among Member States, as well as therole of relevant United Nations entities and human rights mechanisms, in supportingState efforts to establish moratoriums on the death penalty,Bearing in mind the work of the treaty bodies and special procedure mandateholders that have addressed human rights issues related to the death penalty withinthe framework of their respective mandates,Welcoming the considerable movement towards the abolition of the deathpenalty globally and the fact that many States with different legal systems, traditions,cultures and religious backgrounds are applying a moratorium, including long -standing moratoriums, either in law or in practice, on the use of the death penalty,Expressing deep concern about the continued application of the death penalty,1. Reaffirms the sovereign right of all countries to develop their own legalsystems, including determining appropriate legal penalties, in accordance with theirinternational law obligations;2. Calls upon all States to establish a moratorium on executions, with a viewto abolishing the death penalty;3. Recalls the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic andcultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms;4. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation ofresolution 77/222 and the recommendations contained therein;115. Also welcomes the steps taken by some States to reduce the number ofoffences for which the death penalty may be imposed, as well as steps taken to limitits application, including by commuting death sentences;6. Further welcomes initiatives and political leadership encouraging nationaldiscussions and debates on the possibility of moving away from capital punishmentthrough domestic decision-making;7. Welcomes the decisions made by an increasing number of States from allregions, at all levels of government, to apply a moratorium on executions, followedin many cases by the abolition of the death penalty;8. Calls upon all States:(a) To respect international standards that provide safeguards guaranteeingprotection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, in particular the minimumstandards, as set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50of 25 May 1984, as well as to provide the Secretary -General with information in thisregard;(b) To comply with their obligations under article 36 of the 1963 ViennaConvention on Consular Relations,12 particularly the obligation of a receiving Stateto, without delay, inform a sending State that a national of that State has been arrestedor committed to prison or to custody pending trial or is detained in any other manner,if the person concerned so requests; and the obligation of a receiving State to informthe person concerned without delay of their rights under article 36;(c) To make available relevant information, disaggregated by sex, age,disability, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, withregard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced todeath, the number of persons on death row and the location of their detention, and the__________________11 A/79/276.12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 596, No. 8638.A/RES/79/179 Moratorium on the use of the death penalty24-242204/5number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed orcommuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, and accordingto which procedure, as well as information on any scheduled execution, which cancontribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates,including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty;(d) To ensure that any trial leading to the imposition of the death penaltycomplies with internationally recognized fair trial guarantees, such as a fair andpublic trial and the right to legal assistance, including adequate access to legal counselat every stage of the proceedings, without discrimination of any kind, including forpersons belonging to minorities and foreign nationals, bearing in mind that namelyfailure to respect fair trial guarantees in proceedings resulting in the imposition of thedeath penalty could constitute a violation of the right to life;(e) To progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and not to imposecapital punishment for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age or whoseage above 18 years at the time of the commission of the crime cannot be accuratelydetermined, on pregnant women or on persons w [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Juveniles [2] => Mental Illness [3] => Moratorium [4] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/412/56/pdf/n2441256.pdf ) [111] => Array ( [objectID] => 27130 [title] => 81st Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1733961600 [date] => 12/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/81st-ordinary-session-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/achpr-81st-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) held its 81st Public Ordinary Session in Banjul, The Gambia, from 17 October – 6 November 2024. [texte] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) held its 81st Public Ordinary Session in Banjul, The Gambia, from 17 October – 6 November 2024. (more…) "81st Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola [1] => Burkina Faso [2] => Ethiopia [3] => Mauritius ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [112] => Array ( [objectID] => 27011 [title] => Beyond punishment: From criminal justice responses to drug policy reform [timestamp] => 1733961600 [date] => 12/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/beyond-punishment-from-criminal-justice-responses-to-drug-policy-reform/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Global Commission on Drug Policy’s report, Beyond Punishment: From Criminal Justice Responses to Drug Policy Reform, exposes how punitive drug policies have driven mass incarceration and grave human rights violations. In 2023 alone, over 3.1 million people were arrested for drug-related offenses, with 20% of the global prison population detained for such crimes - nearly half for simple possession.The report underscores the devastating consequences of prohibitionist policies, including over one million overdose deaths in the U.S. in the past two decades and 40,000 in Canada in just eight years. It also highlights systemic inequities, such as Indigenous peoples in Canada being six times more likely to face drug-related arrests than white counterparts. Furthermore, the report illustrates the disproportionate burdens on women and children, deepening cycles of poverty and marginalization.It examines the broad spectrum of criminal justice responses to drug offenses, ranging from stop-and-search practices that disproportionately target marginalized communities to extreme measures like the death penalty and enforced treatment. These approaches often violate human rights, perpetuate stigma, and fail to address the root causes of substance use.Offering a roadmap for reform, the report advocates for evidence-based strategies, including harm reduction measures (e.g., Overdose Prevention Centers, naloxone distribution, and safer supply programs), decriminalization and the legal regulation of drug markets. These approaches not only save lives but also reduce societal harms, foster dignity, and promote health and equity. [texte] => 1REPORTBEYOND PUNISHMENT:FROM CRIMINAL JUSTICERESPONSES TO DRUGPOLICY REFORMCÉSAR GAVIRIAFormer Presidentof ColombiaPAVEL BÉMFormer Mayor of Prague,Czech RepublicNICK CLEGGFormer Deputy Prime Ministerof the United KingdomRICARDO LAGOSFormer Presidentof ChileMICHÈLE PIERRE-LOUISFormer Prime Ministerof HaitiCASSAM UTEEMFormer Presidentof MauritiusDIEGO GARCÍA-SAYÁNFormer Minister of Justiceand Former Minister ofForeign Affairs of PeruHELEN CLARKFormer Prime Ministerof New Zealand( Chair )LOUISE ARBOURFormer High Commissionerfor Human Rights, CanadaJAVIER SOLANAFormer European Union HighRepresentative for the CommonForeign and Security Policy, SpainALEKSANDER KWASNIEWSKIFormer Presidentof PolandVERNESTO ZEDILLOFormer Presidentof MexicoJUAN MANUEL SANTOSFormer Presidentof ColombiaRICHARD BRANSONEntrepreneur, founder of the VirginGroup, United KingdomANAND GROVERFormer UN Special Rapporteuron the right to health, IndiaRUTH DREIFUSSFormer Presidentof SwitzerlandKGALEMA MOTLANTHEFormer Presidentof South AfricaJOSÉ RAMOS-HORTAReelected Presidentof Timor-LestePeruMARIO VARGAS LLOSAWriter and public intellectual,GEOFF GALLOPFormer Premierof Western AustraliaMARIA CATTAUIFormer Secretary-General of theInternational Chamber ofCommerce, SwitzerlandGEORGE PAPANDREOUFormer Prime Ministerof GreeceMICHEL SIDIBÉFormer UNAIDS Executive Directorand UN Under-Secretary General,MaliMICHEL KAZATCHKINEFormer Executive Director of theGlobal Fund to Fight AIDS,ADEEBA KAMARULZAMANChief Executive Officer, MonashUniversity Malaysia, and Proice-Chancellor and President (Malaysia),Monash University AustraliaFERNANDO HENRIQUECARDOSOFormer President of Brazil( Honorary Chair )MOHAMED ELBARADEIDirector General Emeritus of theInternational Atomic EnergyAgency, EgyptOLUSEGUN OBASANJOFormer Presidentof NigeriaTuberculosis and Malaria,Francehttp://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/https://www.facebook.com/globalcommissionondrugs/https://twitter.com/globalcdphttps://www.youtube.com/c/GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicyBEYOND PUNISHMENT:FROM CRIMINAL JUSTICERESPONSES TO DRUGPOLICY REFORM 2024 REPORTFOREWORD 5INTRODUCTION 6CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSES TO DRUGS 8THE DAILY IMPACTS OF PUNITIVE DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT 9TREATMENT AS PUNISHMENT 10EXTREME PUNISHMENTS 20ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES 25THE WAY FORWARD 40RECOMMENDATIONS 42GLOSSARY 44LIBRARY OF RESOURCES 46REFERENCES 48Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency agents and police arrest an allegeddrug dealer during a drug raid in Maharlika Village, Taguig, south of Manila.(Noel Celis /AFP via Getty Images)5FOREWORDAround the world, drug policies have been heavily influenced by the International Drug ControlConventions. Many governments have interpreted these as a mandate to pursue a ‘drug-free world,’ and often as justifying repressive measures. The consequences of this approachare clear - escalating incarceration rates, the erosion of human rights, and disproportionateimpacts on marginalized communities. It is not only the individuals caught in the net ofpunitive drug laws who suffer; entire communities are affected, as well as our collective healthand societal well-being.The Global Commission on Drug Policy has long called for a shift from punishment to evidence-based policies which prioritize health, human rights, and dignity. This report underscores theurgency of our mission. It details the ongoing harms caused by outdated drug laws, and itoffers concrete alternatives based on human rights and scientific evidence.Around the world, there is growing recognition that the “war on drugs” has failed. Manycountries are shifting toward harm reduction strategies, decriminalizing personal possession,and regulating markets to undermine illegal trade. While these shifts signal a broadermovement towards approaches which respect individual autonomy and address the socialdeterminants which drive drug dependency, the pace of change needs to be accelerated toaddress the ongoing harm effectively. The Global Commission remains committed to leadingthis transformation. We believe in a world where drug policies are not tools of repression, butinstruments of social justice and public health, and where the countless billions currently spenton drug law enforcement can be shifted into health, housing, and broader social responses.This report therefore is a call to action - for governments, civil society, and communities tocome together, to learn from both past failures and emerging successes, and to chart a newpath forward.Let us be clear: this is not about being ‘soft’ on crime; it’s about being sensible, humane, andjust. It’s about ensuring that drug policies promote safety, equity, and well-being for everyone.Helen ClarkChair of the Global Commission on Drug Policy6Drug prohibition has had catastrophic consequencesacross the globe. Attempts by States to control or elim-inate the drug trade have fuelled increased violence,toxic drug supplies, and crises in criminal justice sys-tems. Prohibition drives the use of the most dispropor-tionate and violent forms of punishment – the deathpenalty, arbitrary detention, torture, corporal punish-ment, coerced “treatment” – despite the use of thesebeing in violation of international human rights obli-gations. Over the last 60 years, punitive drug laws areresponsible for an explosion in the prison populationin countries worldwide, with disastrous consequenc-es on individuals, prisons, and public health. In 2022,seven million people were either suspected, arrested,or cautioned by police for a drug-related offense.1 It isnot just the extreme harms of prohibition that demandattention, but also the everyday harms, which see indi-viduals struggle to access non-judgmental healthcareor travel through their own neighbourhoods withoutharassment from law enforcement.Prohibition has undermined and damaged publichealth, human rights, and the rule of law. While thosewho control and profit from illegal markets are respon-sible for violence, exploitation, and undermining Statesecurity. It is the most vulnerable individuals who feelthe full brunt of the criminal justice system – those with-out control, those who are exploited, those with theleast power.I believe that drugs have destroyed many lives,but wrong government policies have destroyedmany more.Kofi AnnanFor over a century, countries have tried to reduce thedemand for, and supply of, drugs by arresting, prose-cuting, punishing, and sometimes even killing consum-ers, suppliers and producers. This trend has intensifiedsince the adoption of the International Drug ControlConventions (adopted respectively in 1961, 1971 and1988), essentially requiring governments to pursuedrug policies rooted in repression and punishment. Yeteveryday around the world, tens of millions of peoplefrom all socio-economic backgrounds, genders, ethnic-ities and religions use drugs. At its core, the criminaliza-tion of drug use and possession has always been a mis-guided approach to managing substance use in society.In 2022, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC) estimated that 292 million people aged 15 to64 years used illicit substances2 – 1 in 18 people aroundthe world. Two decades ago, this figure was estimatedto be 180 million.3 Of those known to consume illicitsubstances, 78% use cannabis – a substance less harm-ful than alcohol or tobacco4 and with a long history oftraditional use by many communities. The majority ofthese 292 million people live in countries where theyare at risk of criminalization: if caught, they face im-prisonment or other forms of punishment, restrictionof liberties, and in some cases forced treatment. At thesame time, over half a billion people worldwide nowlive in jurisdictions where it is legal to access and con-sume cannabis, as more than half of U.S. states and anincreasing number of countries across the globe havelegalized its non-medical adult use.5Only a minority of people experience problems withtheir drug use. The UNODC has historically estimatedthat about 10-14% of people who use drugs experi-ence dependency – that means approximately 9 outof 10 people use drugs in a non-dependent manner.6The triggers for drug dependency are multifaceted,often including responses to trauma, adverse child-hood experiences, homelessness, and self-medicationfor health conditions or neurodiversity.7,8 Respondingto these experiences by criminalizing people is dis-proportionate and counterproductive. Rather thanaddressing the underlying issues that contribute todependency, criminalization often exacerbates them,with punitive measures leading to further marginaliza-tion, making it harder for individuals to access support.Criminal justice responses to drugs vary in severityaround the world. Irrespective of the sanctions, demandfor drugs has grown exponentially, with supply and pro-duction reaching unprecedented levels.9 Markets forinternationally controlled substances, such as cocaine,amphetamines, and cannabis, continue to flourish.Governments must act boldly to mitigate the harmsof prohibition by regulating drug markets and up-holding human rights. This includes establishingOverdose Prevention Centers (OPCs), drug check-ing, safer supply models, providing naloxone andexpanding Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT) programs.The urgency of these responses is heightened byNorth America’s overdose crises, which have claimedthe lives of over a million people in the US over thelast two decades10 and 40,000 in Canada in the pasteight years.11 Policymakers in Europe and beyond arerightly concerned about a similar crisis, given the riseof synthetic opioids, including nitazenes, which canbe more potent than fentanyl and are increasinglyfound mixed with heroin and other substances.12To address the underlying causes of drug dependen-cy, it is critical that services be (1) tailored to the needsof diverse groups, including women, young people,LGBTQIA+ communities, racial and ethnic minoritygroups, people in detention, and people who use stim-ulants and other non-opioid substances; (2) int [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/reports/beyond-punishment-from-criminal-justice-responses-to-drug-policy-reform ) [113] => Array ( [objectID] => 27018 [title] => Qarchak Prison Report: Hell for Women and Children in Iran [timestamp] => 1733788800 [date] => 10/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/qarchak-prison-report-hell-for-women-and-children-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) has released a detailed report exposing the inhumane conditions at Qarchak Prison in Iran, a facility originally designed as a poultry farm. The prison detains over 2,000 women and children in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, with a lack of healthcare, contaminated drinking water, and inadequate nutrition. Children, some born in the prison, are exposed to severe hardships, including unhygienic environments, insufficient food, and inadequate medical care, and are often separated from their mothers at the age of two.The report also highlights the use of solitary confinement for women, including death row prisoners awaiting execution. These cells lack ventilation and basic facilities, exacerbating the psychological and physical suffering of detainees. Mothers detained with their children face additional challenges, including threats of separation and the absence of educational or recreational resources for their children.IHRNGO calls for the immediate closure of Qarchak Prison and urges the international community to take action against these egregious human rights violations. This report underscores the urgent need to protect the dignity and rights of all prisoners, particularly the most vulnerable women and children. [texte] => IRANHUMANRIGHTSQarchak Prison:Hell for Women and ChildrenDecember 2024© Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) 2024Human Rights Day10 December 2024We are indebted to the female political prisoners exiled to Qarchak Prison as punishment, who chose to be the voice of some of the most marginalised and vulnerable women serving time for ordinary crimes in Iran. The courageous women who shed light on the dark realities of Qarchak Prison ask Iran’s civil society and the international community to fight for the humane treatment of prisoners convicted of ordinary crimes and the permanent closure of Qarchak Prison. No civil or political activist should be in any prison, especially in a hellhole like Qarchak Prison.Acknowledgement3 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSTable of ContentsIntroductionHistory of Qarchak PrisonPrison ConditionsSanitationMenstrual HygieneHealthcareFood QualitySeparation of ChargesChildren in Qarchak PrisonAid That Does Not Reach the ChildrenUndocumented Children: Mothers Threatened with HavingTheir Children Taken into State CareMother and Child Ward: Unsanitary and UnhygienicChild Abuse in Qarchak PrisonHealthcare and Children’s IllnessesRecommendationsEndnotes456788101011121213141516164 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSQarchak Prison in Varamin (Tehran province) has become one of the darkest symbols ofsystematic human rights violations in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Originally designedas a poultry farm, the facility has been transformed into an inhumane detention centrefor women prisoners, including political prisoners. The conditions in this prison notonly violate international principles such as the Bangkok Rules1 and the Nelson MandelaRules2 but also disregard the most basic principles of human dignity.At Qarchak, women are confined in extremely cramped spaces with inadequateventilation and lighting. They endure unsanitary drinking water, poor-quality food, lackof adequate healthcare services, and degrading, gender-based treatment as part of theirdaily suffering. Qarchak is not only a prison filled with violence and abuse but also, dueto severe overcrowding and lack of basic facilities, many prisoners are deprived even ofsleeping space, forced to sleep on the floor.The prison is also a glaring symbol of violations against women and mothers. Motherswhose children stay with them in this hazardous and polluted environment until the ageof two when they are taken into state care. Often, these mothers have no means to findout about their children’s fate. Undocumented children born in this prison are caught ina cycle of deprivation and injustice from the moment they are born.IHRNGO Director, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam stated: “Qarchak Prison is a symbolof the blatant denial of humanity and human dignity. The continued operation of suchfacilities is a stain on the conscience of the world. Today, more than ever, we must call onthe international community not to remain silent in the face of such widespread humanrights violations.”By publishing this report, IHRNGO reiterates its demand for the immediate closureof Qarchak Prison and the transfer of all prisoners to facilities that meet minimuminternational standards. The existence of such places, especially in the 21st century, isa stark reminder that justice and human dignity are still sacrificed in many parts of theworld.We call on the international community, human rights organisations, and allconscientious individuals to take action to close down Qarchak Prison. This should notmerely be seen as a domestic issue; it is a test for the international community to unitein defending human dignity and rights. The closure of Qarchak Prison is a necessarystep toward securing prisoners’ rights and a symbol of global commitment to justice andhumanity.Introduction5 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSHistory of Qarchak PrisonThe facility now known as Qarchak Prison, which houses female inmates, was originally built to meet thestandards of a poultry farm. Over time, its purpose shifted, first reused as a men’s addiction rehabilitationcentre. When authorities decided to use the facility to detain female prisoners, no significant structuralchanges were made. Consequently, there are no windows and when the iron gates to the open-air areas areclosed, inmates are left staring at walls.Mojgan Inanlou, a filmmaker, writer, and documentarian who was arrested for supporting the “Woman,Life, Freedom” nationwide uprising, was detained at Qarchak for a period and shared her experience withIran Human Rights. She said: “Behind them was an iron gate which opened at 7 a.m. and was locked at5 p.m. The only access to fresh air was when that iron gate was open. When it was closed, there were twosmall holes the size of lentils on the gate. I would look at the sky through those holes. I waited for sunrisewhile everyone else was asleep. I would keep watching until the sun rose. Later, a line would form behindme. I always reserved my spot at 4 a.m. At 7 a.m., a police officer, two soldiers, and one woman wouldarrive through a door at the end of the yard, known as the shop door. They would unlock the latch, walkaway, and lock the outer door behind them so we could open the inner door.”The wards are essentially large industrial sheds designed to house poultry. Each hall has a capacity of fewerthan 100 people, but they typically house over 150 inmates. At times, this number has reached as highas 600, leaving prisoners with no space to sleep, even on the floor. On average, between 1,500 and 2,000women are held in Qarchak Prison throughout most of the year.6 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSDue to its unsanitary conditions, lack of resources, and severe punitive measures, Qarchak Prison hasbecome notorious as an exile destination to punish female political prisoners and civil activists.Prison ConditionsIn an interview with IHRNGO , one former prisoner reported an infestation of pests, includingcockroaches, which attack food whenever possible. According to prisoner accounts, the facility is not onlyoverrun by these pests but also frequented by rats, salamanders, lizards, water bugs, and even venomoustarantulas.The prison’s water is undrinkable and, if not boiled and filtered, can cause various gastrointestinal andkidney diseases. Political prisoners who were temporarily exiled to this prison report that the water isunsuitable even for showering. One political prisoner, detained at Qarchak during the “Woman, Life,Freedom” protests told Iran Human Rights that bathing with the mineral-laden water caused her todevelop severe eczema, requiring nearly a year of treatment after her release.Narges Mohammadi, human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and Aliyeh Motalebzadeh,journalist and civil activist, were exiled to this prison on 20 July 2022. In a joint letter, they described theconditions: “The severe and oppressive heat, the contaminated, undrinkable water, which was unsuitablefor even showering, the warehouse-like structure without natural light or airflow, the decayed sewagesystem, and inadequate living infrastructure represent only a fraction of the relentless suffering inflictedon every woman in this prison.”There is no water purification system in the prison. Women who wish to drink safe clean water must7 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSpurchase bottled water at exorbitant prices from the prison shop, which many prisoners cannot afford.Even the low-quality tap water is subject to intermittent cuts during the hot season. Due to overcrowding,many inmates do not have access to beds and are forced to sleep on the floor.Women who struggle with substance use disorder and inmates with contagious diseases, including HIVand Hepatitis B, are not separated from the rest of the population. Some of these individuals, servinglong sentences, reportedly extort other inmates by threatening to infect them using blood-contaminatedneedles.Additionally, due to frequent water outages, prison authorities turn off evaporative coolers in thewards, exacerbating the sweltering heat during summer. This unbearable heat significantly heightenspsychological stress amongst the prisoners, causing minor disputes to escalate into severe conflicts.SanitationEach ward in Qarchak Prison, with an average of 150 inmates, has a maximum of three or four toilets,which are reported to be in deplorable sanitary conditions. As aforementioned, the prison building wasoriginally designed as a poultry farm and lacks a sewage system suitable for human habitation.Mojgan Keshavarz, a women’s rights activist who was imprisoned in Qarchak, told Iran IHRNGO:“Sometimes the prison’s sewage overflows into the yard and gradually covers the entire floor of the outdoorarea, preventing women from going outside for fresh air. The stench fills the prison, especially at night,making the conditions unbearable for inmates.”8 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSShe added: “The sewage flooding into the wards attracts swarms of insects, and the toxic smell causesrespiratory issues for the women confined in those wards.”The prison’s phone booths are located in the outdoor area, forcing inmates to wade through sewage tomake calls. Another political prisoner noted that a few phones were temporarily installed indoors, but theywere removed for unknown reasons. In both extreme heat and cold, inmates must wait in long lines tohave a few minutes of phone time with their families.The sanitation issue is not confined to prisoner facilities. There are no toilets for visitors, despite theprison’s remote location far from the city, posing yet another problem.Mojgan Inanlou recounted that during her detention, a ward designed for 30 people housed 175 prisoners,with only four toilets. One toilet was reserved for the ward representative (head prisoner in each ward) andno one else was allowed to use it. Another toile [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/7185/ ) [114] => Array ( [objectID] => 26998 [title] => Algolia refaire tout l’index [timestamp] => 1733443200 [date] => 06/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/algolia-refaire-tout-lindex/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [115] => Array ( [objectID] => 27015 [title] => Hidden Casualties: Executions Harm Mental Health of Prison Staff [timestamp] => 1733356800 [date] => 05/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hidden-casualties-executions-harm-mental-health-of-prison-staff/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Executions take a severe psychological toll on prison staff, with many experiencing PTSD, moral injury, and emotional distress. This article explores the hidden casualties of the death penalty, revealing how executioners and correctional officers face mental health challenges that often go unacknowledged. With insights from studies, personal accounts, and cases across the U.S., it highlights the urgent need for systemic support and reform. [texte] => In March, Oklahoma officials asked the state’s high court to increase the time between executions from 60 to 90 days, citing the “lasting trauma” and “psychological toll” of executions on corrections officers. But Judge Gary Lumpkin dismissed these concerns, telling officials that prison staff needed to “suck it up” and “man up.” A few weeks later, Brian Dorsey was executed in Missouri after the governor ignored the pleas of an unprecedented 72 corrections officers to grant him clemency. “We are part of the law enforcement community who believe in law and order…But we are in agreement that the death penalty is not the appropriate punishment for Brian Dorsey,” the officers had written. Mr. Dorsey was executed not on death row, but 15 miles away at a different prison; the state moved the execution chamber in 2005 in part because of the effect on morale for death row staff who had to execute the same people they had spent years looking after. These examples illustrate how some corrections staff are adversely affected by executions, facing mental health challenges that the legal system often fails to take seriously.Executions can cause prison staff to suffer psychological distress similar to what veterans experience after war. A 2022 NPR investigation found that corrections officers faced symptoms such as insomnia, nightmares, panic attacks, suicidal thoughts, personality changes, and substance abuse – all hallmarks or comorbidities of post-traumatic stress disorder. Of the 16 people NPR interviewed who participated in executions, none supported the death penalty in their wake. Psychologists use the term “moral injury” to describe how committing an act that contradicts one’s deeply held beliefs, such as causing another person’s death, creates a severe psychological disruption. Robert Jay Lifton and Greg Mitchell coined the term “executioner stress” to describe the specific mental impact of carrying out the death penalty. Some corrections officers who participate in executions relive their trauma in vivid detail. A former executioner from Mississippi said that his job was like “being in a car wreck that goes on forever.” Ron McAndrew, who ran the electric chair in Florida, drank a bottle of scotch a day after seeing a man’s head catch fire. He said he was “haunted by the men [he] was asked to execute” and would wake up in the middle of the night to find them “lurking at the foot of [his] bed.” The stress may also extend to guards who do not participate in the execution itself, but develop close relationships with death-sentenced prisoners over the course of decades working on death row. Some corrections officers have remarked that they spend more time with the people on death row than their own families. They may come to see the condemned prisoners as friends, or witness the prisoners’ mental or physical vulnerabilities. In studies, officers have expressed concerns about the arbitrariness of the death penalty, noting that they had worked with many people with life sentences who committed equivalent or worse crimes than the people the officers helped put to death. South Carolina has a particularly acute history of psychological trauma in executions. A 2021 investigation found that a former South Carolina executioner died by suicide, and two execution team members sued the department of corrections for violating their rights and intentionally inflicting emotional distress by pressuring them to participate in executions without mental health support. Both men are considered permanently disabled due to PTSD and depression from their work. One, Craig Baxley, called himself the “definition of a serial killer” and said that he had considered suicide because he felt that he was “condemned by God.”After resuming executions this year for the first time since 2011, South Carolina executed Richard Moore on November 1 over the objections of former corrections director Jon Ozmint, who wrote that Mr. Moore had lived an “exemplary life” and served as a “powerful force for good” in the prison system. A few weeks later, the state supreme court announced that it would delay issuing execution warrants until January in order to have a break for the holiday season. The ruling followed a defense motion that argued that “consecutive executions with virtually no respite will take a substantial toll on all involved, particularly during a time of year that is so important to families.”Dow Hover, an elderly bald white man wearing an officer uniform with badge.Dow Hover, New York’s last executioner, who served from 1953 – 63 and executed dozens of people in the electric chair. He later died by suicide. The psychological toll of performing executions is not a new phenomenon. Donald Cabana and Jerry Givens both conducted executions in the beginning of the modern era, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and went on to publicly oppose the death penalty. “There is a part of the warden that dies with his prisoner,” Mr. Cabana often said. Journalist Jennifer Gonnerman researched New York’s last four executioners, who oversaw the use of the electric chair from 1913 through 1963, a period during which hundreds of people were put to death. Several of the men experienced medical issues around the time of executions, such as migraines or fainting spells. One, Robert Elliot, later became a prominent death penalty abolitionist. Two of the men, John Hulbert and Dow Hover, died by suicide. Yet prison staff have long faced a culture of silence about execution-related trauma. “We don’t talk about it,” said Justin Jones, director of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections from 2005 to 2013, who joined the effort to increase the time between executions. “Correctional officers are public servants on the lowest salaries in state government, and they get home at the end of the day and just absorb it.” NPR’s investigation revealed that some execution team members had never even told their families they participated. “We all knew to keep it silent,” said Catarino Escobar, who worked on the execution squad in Nevada. Mr. Escobar was strapped to the gurney when he played the prisoner during a practice session, and he grew panicked and became convinced he was going to die. NPR found that only one of the officers they interviewed had ever received mental health care related to their position, and even when care was offered, it was “overwhelmingly optional” and “many of them avoided asking for it so as not to seem weak.” In this context, unified efforts by corrections staff to address the psychological effects of executions represent a milestone. The Oklahoma effort originated with a group of nine former Oklahoma corrections officials, who wrote a letter to Attorney General Gentner Drummond asking for extended time based on the detrimental impact of the job and the lack of mental health support. They noted that execution team members experience an increased risk of PTSD, suicide, and substance abuse, and the grueling preparation schedule put staff members throughout the prison on edge due to “near-constant mock executions being conducted within earshot of prisoners’ cells, staff offices, and visiting rooms.” With few state resources at their disposal, some employees even resorted to talking with defense mental health experts visiting the prison “about the distress they are experiencing due to the nonstop executions.” This compressed execution schedule also increases the risk of something going wrong during the execution process because the stress created by each execution compounds the difficulty of an already complex procedure. If even a routine execution can inflict lasting harm on corrections staff, the traumatic impact of a botched execution is exponentially worse. Oklahoma has experienced this harm on multiple occasions and should not needlessly place its hardworking correctional staff at risk of another such mistake. Former Oklahoma Corrections Officials640px Oklahoma Mc Alester through Mountain View NARA 68147176Prison staff were reportedly angered by Judge Lumpkin’s comments that they needed to “man up” and the suggestion that their concerns were not valid. “Anybody that thinks that executing somebody is no problem has not been a part of the process,” said Justin “JJ” Humphrey, the state assembly chair of a criminal justice and corrections committee and 20-year veteran of the corrections department. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals eventually granted the extension request in May. While acknowledging the similarities between conducting an execution and killing on the battlefield, former corrections director and military veteran Allen L. Ault argued that “there was one major difference”: in war, the “enemy was an anonymous, armed combatant who was threatening my life.” By contrast, “the condemned prisoner is a known human being who is totally defenseless when brought into the death chamber.” He wrote that correctional staff witness the “changed mind-sets and profound remorse” of death-sentenced prisoners over many years, and “the damage [of an execution] spills over into the larger prison community.” Former Missouri corrections officer Tim Lancaster, a 27-year veteran of the department, expressed similar feelings in describing his disbelief and sadness about Mr. Dorsey’s execution. As the prison barber, Mr. Dorsey was considere [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/hidden-casualties-executions-harm-mental-health-of-prison-staff ) [116] => Array ( [objectID] => 27014 [title] => The politics of abolition: Reframing the death penalty’s history in comparative perspective [timestamp] => 1733356800 [date] => 05/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-abolition-reframing-the-death-penaltys-history-in-comparative-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Literature on opposition to the death penalty typically characterizes abolition as inexorable and attributes its fulfillment to the age of human rights. Although most countries abolished capital punishment after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, this article uses three comparative case studies to demonstrate abolition’s entanglement with a broader range of political, legal, and cultural factors. Applying a historically grounded nonteleological approach, we offer three insights. First, civilizationist values drove abolitionism in countries in the “vanguard,” such as Canada and England/Wales, where human rights rationales were expressed well after abolition and as a mark of superiority. Second, death penalty abolition has often allied with decolonization and penal reform, but assertions of independence and sovereignty have periodically provoked reinstatement, as in Mexican and Philippine history, which underscores the fragility of abolition. Third, state-centric approaches to de jure and de facto abolition overlook the practice of extrajudicial and summary “rebel” executions in polities such as Myanmar and Mali, which lack a state monopoly on force. Further historical studies that do not presuppose a human rights explanation of abolition and that compare jurisdictions within as well as between the Global North and South will better grasp the death penalty’s complex history. [texte] => Punishment & SocietyOnlineFirst© The Author(s) 2024, Article Reuse Guidelineshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14624745241298220LogoCreative Commons License (CC BY-NC 4.0)ArticleThe politics of abolition: Reframing the death penalty's history in comparative perspectiveCarolyn Strangehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-8958, Daniel Pascoe, and Andrew NovakAbstractLiterature on opposition to the death penalty typically characterizes abolition as inexorable and attributes its fulfillment to the age of human rights. Although most countries abolished capital punishment after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, this article uses three comparative case studies to demonstrate abolition’s entanglement with a broader range of political, legal, and cultural factors. Applying a historically grounded nonteleological approach, we offer three insights. First, civilizationist values drove abolitionism in countries in the “vanguard,” such as Canada and England/Wales, where human rights rationales were expressed well after abolition and as a mark of superiority. Second, death penalty abolition has often allied with decolonization and penal reform, but assertions of independence and sovereignty have periodically provoked reinstatement, as in Mexican and Philippine history, which underscores the fragility of abolition. Third, state-centric approaches to de jure and de facto abolition overlook the practice of extrajudicial and summary “rebel” executions in polities such as Myanmar and Mali, which lack a state monopoly on force. Further historical studies that do not presuppose a human rights explanation of abolition and that compare jurisdictions within as well as between the Global North and South will better grasp the death penalty’s complex history.Keywordsdeath penalty, abolition, comparative studies, punishment, politics, history, human rights, postcolonial studies1Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia2City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China3George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USACorresponding author(s):Carolyn Strange, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Email: carolyn.strange@anu.edu.auMost contemporary accounts of the death penalty's abolition are based on a history of penal progress that escalated in the era of human rights. Gravitation toward a purported international norm, typically traced back to the Enlightenment, accelerated as conventions, covenants, and protocols proliferated two centuries later, defining the death penalty as a violation of human rights (Jouet, 2023). From the quill pens of philosophes to the blog posts of grassroots activists, “the abolition of the death penalty is rapidly becoming a norm of international law,” thereby fostering a sense of optimism (Bessler, 2009: 203). In the global trend toward abolition, states that have lagged and those that refuse to follow have been identified as outliers that will ultimately join the fold. Support for abolition, previously associated with Western polities, is increasingly evident in African and former communist countries. Despite recent upticks in death sentences passed in retentionist jurisdictions, there is still a “glimmer of hope” that the trend Amnesty International has helped to foster, from 16 abolitionist countries in 1977 to close to 150 by the 2020s, will persist (Amnesty International, 2023). Prominent abolition scholars have acknowledged that the roads to ending the death penalty may differ, but maintain these paths orient to the same destination of shared values through “constant progress” (Schabas, 2004: 419). Aiming to aid abolition, this body of scholarship enlists the past to service a future free of the death penalty.Nevertheless, there are several problems with this progressivist orientation in the history of abolition. First, it demonstrates the “is-ought problem” by moving from descriptions of dominant historical trends in capital punishment and torture to what should be—the de jure defeat of the death penalty as the fulfillment of human rights in the present (Dudai, 2023; Moyn, 2011). Second, it positions human rights as the prime generator of the trend, based on the rapid increase in the number of abolitionist countries after their formal declarations in the mid-20th century, with European and other Western countries in the lead (Schabas, 1998; Zimring, 2003). And third, it makes unnecessarily sharp distinctions between abolition and retention, de jure and de facto (Haines, 2004). To tackle these problems requires a more critical analysis of the politics of abolition that focuses on the character of its advocacy and its opposition across time and jurisdictions (Jensen and Burke, 2024).A nonteleological diachronic approach to the death penalty's history, based on comparisons between polities, challenges the notion of a global abolition “movement” or “timeline,” despite the appealing cadence of these optimistic metaphors (Yorke, 2008). As this paper demonstrates, abolition has had many ideological and political fellow travelers aside from human rights, both historically and in the recent past. Studies based on the history of the death penalty in the United States in comparison with other democracies have long questioned the claimed linkage between liberal democracy and abolition. However, contrasting America to the rest of “the West” produces a limited range of questions and insights. Even scholarship that interrogates similarities between the United States and other retentionist jurisdictions still makes the former the focal point of analysis (Garland et al., 2011). Hood and Hoyle observe that “the concentration on the United States inevitably means that the findings provide a rather distorted and partial view of the death penalty looked at in its worldwide context” (2015: 3). A comparative approach need not center the United States to explore how support for abolition, retentionism, and reinstatism has been articulated, mobilized, and put into policy.This paper draws out underexplored strains of abolition's history by comparing three pairs of countries with similar histories—England/Wales and Canada, Mexico and the Philippines, and Mali and Myanmar. Building on recent studies that emphasize the need for “contextually and historically specific histories” of the death penalty beyond the concentration on the “Global North” (Black, 2022: 164), our pairings of jurisdictions question the utility of dividing “North” from “South” to capture the complexity of abolition's history, due to significant differences within, and not just between, that dichotomy (Patrick and Huskins, 2023). We demonstrate this by examining the politics of abolition in liberal parliamentary democracies, colonial and postcolonial polities, and de facto abolitionist states. Our study also highlights the need to identify and integrate numerous forms of governing authorities, not just nation states, to explain the diverse histories of capital punishment, its use, and disuse. As Daniel Little asserts, a comparative approach is the ideal vehicle for a “conjunctural contingent mesohistory” that foregrounds contingency, recognizes the role of individual and group agency in influencing the course of history, and anticipates a multiplicity of causes in historical change (Little, 2000: 90).Following this methodological prescription, we bring the distinctions commonly made between “retentionist” and “abolitionist” countries and between the death penalty's judicial and extrajudicial character into question. Drawing on evidence from our case studies, we ask: what arguments and tactics have informed abolition and its opposition in different regimes? What leaders, groups and institutions have shaped the politics of abolition? What events and forces, internal and external, have retained, abolished or reinstated the death penalty under changing historical circumstances? What legal and political mechanisms have sustained or rejected de facto abolition? Answering these questions requires tracking the “conjunctural unities and the particular articulations” of abolition and resisting the a priori assumption of its correspondence with the triumph of human rights (Decoteau, 2018: 96).Canada and the United Kingdom: The postwar vanguard and human rights in retrospectDelegates from Canada and the United Kingdom were significant players in the negotiations that led to the adoption of the UN Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. A Canadian lawyer wrote the first draft, and eight years earlier, British intellectual H.G. Wells published a tract titled “the rights of man.” In the 1950s, both governments conducted major inquiries into capital punishment and its possible abolition (Jayewardene, 1972: 370). Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom and Canada prepared abolition bills that required the endorsement of the upper house, granted first in England/Wales in 1969 and seven years later in Canada (Strange, 1995; Twitchell, 2012). Aside from this slight difference in timing, no executions were carried out in Canada after 1962 or in England or Wales after 1964. By the mid-1970s, both jurisdictions became mid-point members of the abolition club. Yet appeals to align national penal policy with human rights values did not drive the course of abolition. Well into the 20th century, aspirations to “civilization” focused on what it meant to be British, what it meant to be Canadian. Freighted with imperial and racist baggage, a civilizationist discourse infused British and Canadian death penalty politics (Celermajer and Lefebvre, 2020: 8–9). As the next section argues, it was only in retrospect that politicians identified human rights as the ideal that led to de jure abolition.The assumption that all abolitionist countries appear alike, based on the causal explanatory framework of human rights, seems apt at first glance for Britain and Canada. Nevertheless, as Garland cautions, each country's penal [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada [1] => Mali [2] => Mexico [3] => Myanmar [4] => Philippines [5] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14624745241298220 ) [117] => Array ( [objectID] => 26930 [title] => Singapore: Authorities must end human rights crackdown and unlawful drug related executions [timestamp] => 1733097600 [date] => 02/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-authorities-must-end-human-rights-crackdown-and-unlawful-drug-related-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/statement-oct-24-singapore-500x250.jpg [extrait] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are greatly alarmed at the deteriorating human rights situation in Singapore. Abstract of a joint statement published on 31 October 2024. To read the full statement. [texte] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are greatly alarmed at the deteriorating human rights situation in Singapore. Abstract of a joint statement published on 31 October 2024. To read the full statement. (more…) "Singapore: Authorities must end human rights crackdown and unlawful drug related executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [118] => Array ( [objectID] => 26918 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 89th CEDAW Session [timestamp] => 1733097600 [date] => 02/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-89th-cedaw-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CEDAW-89-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 89th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from 7 to 25 October 2024. [texte] => The 89th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from 7 to 25 October 2024. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 89th CEDAW Session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [119] => Array ( [objectID] => 26719 [title] => Collective reflection to support women and LGBTQIA+ people facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1733097600 [date] => 02/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/collective-reflection-to-support-women-and-lgbtqia-people-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/seminar-gender-and-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Gender and the Death Penalty seminar organized by the World Coalition in Philadelphia in September 2024 enabled to explore new abolitionist strategies. The event brought together organizations from 11 countries for stimulating exchanges. [texte] => The Gender and the Death Penalty seminar organized by the World Coalition in Philadelphia in September 2024 enabled to explore new abolitionist strategies. The event brought together organizations from 11 countries for stimulating exchanges. (more…) "Collective reflection to support women and LGBTQIA+ people facing the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [120] => Array ( [objectID] => 26953 [title] => New digital exhibition: Capital Letters from death row India [timestamp] => 1732147200 [date] => 21/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-digital-exhibition-capital-letters-from-death-row-india/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Project 39A has launched Capital Letters from death row India, a unique digital exhibition curated by reFrame. Featuring letters, artwork, audio recordings, and photographs created by prisoners on death row, the exhibition offers a deeply humanizing look into their lived experiences. Through eight thematic sections, visitors can explore the complex realities of life on death row and engage with stories of hope, trauma, and resilience. [texte] => ‘Capital Letters from death row India’ is an online exhibition commissioned by Project 39A and curated by reFrame through letters, audio recordings, photographs, and artwork created by the prisoners on death row. The exhibition is an attempt at creating an engaging and thought-provoking platform that humanises prisoners on death row and provides the public with an opportunity to understand the lived experiences of individuals on death row. This unique exhibition has eight sections that unravel the different aspects of life on death row. Each of these sections and the exhibition as a whole pieces together their stories using letters, video archives and interviews that span a number of years. The sections provide an insight into the complex realities of death row and bring the audience face to face with the person living the punishment. A key component of the exhibition are the letters written by prisoners who may still be living under the sentence of death, those whose sentences may have now been reduced, or even those who may have, by the time this exhibition reaches you, smelt the air of freedom. These letters are filled with stories of hope, hopelessness, trauma, memories, notes on their case, helplessness, loneliness, remorse, and desperation. The shadow of impending death that hangs over most of these letters confers a particular significance to what is being said in the letters and creates a space for expressing hope, affection, joy and love.The exhibition is an attempt to bring these perspectives into the public discourse, enabling a wider audience to engage with real-life narratives that underlie the judicial proceedings as they hold immense power to challenge prejudices, foster empathy, and promote a more nuanced understanding of justice and its implications for individuals and society. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://capitalletters.in/ ) [121] => Array ( [objectID] => 26713 [title] => 2024 Report of the Secretary-General – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1731974400 [date] => 19/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2024-report-of-the-secretary-general-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 77/222, including on developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. Trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, are highlighted. Issues such as conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use on persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition are also discussed. In the report, the Secretary-General welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds and concludes that all measures towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life. [texte] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 77/222, including on developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. Trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, are highlighted. Issues such as conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use on persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition are also discussed. In the report, the Secretary-General welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds and concludes that all measures towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/79/276 ) [122] => Array ( [objectID] => 26951 [title] => Iraq: Surging Unlawful Executions [timestamp] => 1731974400 [date] => 19/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-surging-unlawful-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Human Rights Watch highlights a dramatic increase in unlawful executions in Iraq in 2024. At least 50 men were executed in September, often without fair trials or prior notice to families. Reports reveal torture, inhumane detention conditions, and arbitrary practices. The organization calls for an immediate moratorium on the death penalty and urgent reforms to Iraq's judicial and prison systems. [texte] => (Beirut) – The Iraqi government dramatically increased the scale and pace of unlawful executions in 2024, Human Rights Watch said today. Cases Human Rights Watch documented show that the authorities are carrying out these executions without prior notice to lawyers or family members and despite credible allegations of torture and violations of the right to a fair trial. In January, Human Rights Watch reported that at least 150 prisoners at the Iraqi Nasiriyah Central Prison were facing imminent execution without warning. Authorities executed 13 men in Nasiriyah Central Prison on December 25, 2023, the first mass execution since 21 men were executed on November 16, 2020. About 8,000 people are believed to be on death row. “Iraqi authorities are carrying out state-sanctioned murder on a disturbing scale,” said Lama Fakih, Middle East and North Africa director at Human Rights Watch. “Signing off on these unlawful executions will leave President Abdul Latif Rashid’s legacy stained with blood.”Given the Iraqi judicial system’s well-established record of due process violations, amounting to arbitrary deprivation of the right to life, Iraq should urgently halt all pending executions and declare a moratorium with a view to abolishing the death penalty.Human Rights Watch interviewed five family members of nine men sentenced to death, three of whom were executed in the last three months; a lawyer representing dozens of people on death row who provided details about four cases; and two activists. Human Rights Watch sent a letter to the Ministry of Justice on October 14 detailing these allegations and requesting information on prison conditions, executions, and access to Nasiriyah Central Prison but has received no response.The Iraqi government does not publish official statistics on executions and would not provide them despite multiple requests. According to AFAD, an independent group that monitors human rights abuses in Iraq, authorities executed 50 men in September alone. In June, AFAD denounced what it called a surge in “secret executions,” stating it had documented 63 executions in the previous weeks that had not been publicly announced. In July, the Ministry of Justice denied allegations that it was carrying out secret executions, warning it would take legal action against any websites that publish “misleading news of this sort.” In October, President Rashid denied allegations circulating on social media that he had ratified death sentences en masse. Cases Human Rights Watch documented indicate that Iraqi authorities have increasingly threatened death row inmates and nongovernmental groups for speaking out about conditions in the Nasiriyah Central Prison. Since April, five men who had submitted anonymous complaints through a foreign lawyer to the United Nations were executed. Two of them had official reports from a medical committee under the Supreme Judicial Council of Iraq attesting that they had been tortured and were able to identify the officers who tortured them. Both men requested the prosecutor to open an investigation into the security personnel who they said tortured them, but their lawyer said an investigation was never opened. Both men also requested retrials, but authorities denied their requests due to the absence of a case file. These case files were destroyed in June 2014 when ISIS burned the courthouse holding them, their lawyer said.In his last communication with his lawyer in March 2024, one of those men said prison officials had discovered that he was transmitting information outside the prison, and expressed fear of retaliation, his lawyer told Human Rights Watch. In early April, the man was put in isolation, incommunicado, until authorities informed his family and lawyer in July that he had been executed.None of those interviewed said they had prior notice of executions, consistent with previous allegations. In some of the lawyers’ cases, prison officials called families to collect the bodies months after their execution.One family member said the cause of death on their relative’s death certificate is “execution by hanging,” but that there were no marks around the man’s neck to indicate hanging when they washed the body before burial, raising suspicions about the nature of his death.The family member also said that armed men from Iraqi state security forces, stationed outside the cemetery for weeks following the burial, harassed family members who visited the grave. The family member said they believed the reason for this was to prevent the family from exhuming the body for an independent autopsy. No autopsy record was provided to them.The Ministry of Justice did not respond to a Human Rights Watch request about the allegation. In another case, no cause of death was listed on the death certificate, reviewed by Human Rights Watch. One person said that security forces prevented the family from holding funeral ceremonies and stationed forces by the grave. “The last time I visited him [in prison], I noticed his nails were missing, his teeth had fallen out, and there were marks on his feet and around his neck,” she said.Human Rights Watch has reviewed photos of three bodies released after executions that show visible signs of mistreatment or torture, including heavy bruising, broken bones, wounds, and emaciation. Executions appear to have been carried out despite credible allegations of torture and other fair trial and due process violations. If the defendant’s fair trial guarantees have been violated, imposition of the death penalty is arbitrary and unlawful, Human Rights Watch said.UN Special Rapporteurs have reported that Nasiriyah Central Prison conditions are inhumane, including a lack of health care and sanitation, prolonged solitary confinement, limited time outdoors, overcrowding, and poor quality food.The rapporteurs said on June 27 that “the Government of Iraq’s systematic executions of prisoners sentenced to death based on torture-tainted confessions, and pursuant to an ambiguous counterterrorism law, amount to arbitrary deprivation of life under international law and may amount to a crime against humanity.”Human Rights Watch has sent four letters to the Ministry of Justice since October 2023 requesting information on prison conditions, executions, ratifications of death sentences, and access to Nasiriyah Central Prison. On April 24 the ministry responded that it was unable to provide figures on the number of death sentences issued or ratified, or executions carried out per year since 2020. In March, a Human Rights Watch representative met with President Rashid, Justice Minister Khaled Shwani, and three members of the President’s Advisory Council in Baghdad. President Rashid denied allegations of irregularities in death sentence ratification and outlined the steps his office has taken to ensure the rights of those facing the death penalty, reiterated in a response letter dated March 7. Minister Shwani denied allegations of ill-treatment, torture, and unlawful executions in Nasiriyah Central Prison, and promised to facilitate Human Rights Watch’s access to Nasiriyah, Karkh, and Rusafa prisons. Officials did not respond to subsequent requests for access or follow-up messages. President Rashid should immediately stop ratifying death penalties, effectively establishing a moratorium on its use until Parliament passes a law abolishing the death penalty. Human Rights Watch opposes the death penalty in all circumstances because of its inherent cruelty and irreversibility.In line with international legal standards and Iraqi criminal procedures, Iraq’s judges should investigate all credible allegations of torture and the security forces responsible, and transfer detainees to different facilities to protect them from retaliation. Judicial authorities should investigate and determine who was responsible for any incidents of torture, punish those responsible, and compensate the victim.“At this rate, Iraq is on track to become a world leader in unlawful executions,” Fakih said. “The government should rather focus its efforts on making meaningful reforms to the Iraqi judiciary and prison system and abolish the death penalty once and for all.” [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/19/iraq-surging-unlawful-executions ) [123] => Array ( [objectID] => 26954 [title] => DP3 Study: After 1,600 Executions, the Public and Police are Safer in States with No Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1731888000 [date] => 18/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dp3-study-after-1600-executions-the-public-and-police-are-safer-in-states-with-no-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Policy Project has published a comprehensive study analyzing over three decades of FBI homicide data. The findings reveal that U.S. states without the death penalty or with moratoria on executions are safer for both the public and police. By contrast, states actively carrying out executions rank among the least safe in the U.S. The study challenges long-held deterrence arguments and underscores the death penalty’s ineffectiveness as a public safety policy. [texte] => DP3 Study: After 1,600 Executions, the Public and Police are Safer in States with No Death PenaltyIf capital punishment serves a public safety purpose, having and using the death penalty should, over time, reduce a state’s murder rates. Or so the theory goes. Now, fifty-two years and 1,600 executions since the U.S. Supreme Court struck down all existing death penalty laws and told the states to start over, we have a clear answer. It doesn’t.A new study of more than three decades of FBI homicide data by the Death Penalty Policy Project has found that, after 1,600 executions, the public and police are actually safer in states that don’t have or have recently abolished the death penalty. And, among the death penalty states, the public and police are safer in states that currently have official moratoria on executions or have rarely executed anyone.Moreover, the states that are now most actively carrying out executions are among the least safe for the public and the most dangerous for police. They have failed to execute their way into violence prevention. From a public safety perspective, the death penalty has been a pointless exercise in cruelty.I. The Homicide StudyDeath penalty proponents have long claimed, without supporting evidence, that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime that makes the public and police safer. They also often have uncritically asserted that abolition of capital punishment would set loose a “parade of horribles,” increasing murder rates generally and declaring “open season” on police officers.To test these hypotheses, the Death Penalty Policy Project homicide study examined murder rates and killings of law enforcement personnel across the country from 1987 (the earliest year for which FBI Uniform Crime Statistics on officers feloniously killed in the line of duty were available) through 2019.1 We created five comparison groups to analyze the impact (if any) death penalty status has on murder rates and to assess the relative safety of the public and police in each of these groups.Those groups were: The individual states themselves. Death-Penalty States — states that had the death penalty throughout the study period. Non-Death-Penalty States — states that did not have the death penalty at any time during the study period. Transitional States — states that had the death penalty at the beginning of the study period but subsequently abolished it judicially or by legislation. The United States as a whole.For public safety and officer safety rankings, we also looked at where states stood in comparison to one another based upon their current death-penalty status. In that part of our analysis, we moved the four states that abolished the death penalty in 2020 or later from the death penalty group to the transitional group. We also analyzed state execution data to see what impact, if any, the number of executions carried out had on state public- and officer-safety rankings.The data in the transitional states was especially important in this analysis.• If the death penalty were a deterrent, the hypothesis would be that murders in the transitional states would rise following abolition, both in terms of increased homicide rates in the transitional states themselves and by comparison to murder rates in the death-penalty and non-death-penalty states as a whole.• Likewise, if the death penalty were necessary to protect law enforcement, the rates at which police were killed should noticeably increase both in the transitional states themselves and in comparison to the trends in death-penalty and non-death-penalty states as a whole.• And, if — as opponents of death-penalty abolition had argued — police officers were especially vulnerable without the death penalty and its repeal would lead to “open season on police officers,” you'd expect to see not just an increase in the rate at which police officers were killed, but an increase in the percentage of the state’s murders in which officer were victims.Here is what we found.II. States With No Death Penalty Had the Lowest Murder RatesFacts have long been the enemy of policies that are grounded in myth and fear. Murder data and the death penalty are a case in point. Contrary to the myth, the data strongly suggest that the death penalty makes no measurable contribution to public safety. The public was not safer in death penalty states and did not become safer over time the longer a state had the death penalty.The data show that, as a group, states that never had the death penalty had by far the lowest murder rates: 4.749 murders per 100,000 population, compared to 6.494 for death penalty states and 6.255 for the United States as a whole. That is a murder rate 1.37 times lower than in the long-time death penalty states and 1.32 times lower than in the U.S. as a whole. (Table 1.)The murder rates in the transitional states also pose a challenge to the deterrence hypothesis. In those states, the 33-year murder rate was three percent higher than the murder rate of the death penalty states that did not later repeal capital punishment, seven percent higher than the national murder rate, and 41% higher than the long-time abolitionist states. The comparison to the death penalty states would make sense from a deterrence perspective if the murder rate in the transitional states had risen over time relative to the death penalty states. But that is not what happened. The murder rate in the transitional states started higher and then fell over time, eventually mirroring the trends in the death penalty states, even after the transitional states had ended capital punishment.Figure 1, below, show the trends over time based upon state death-penalty status. The overall murder rate in the transitional states was substantially higher than all other categories of states from 1987 through 1994, finally dropping below the murder rates in the other death penalty states in 1995. After again topping the death penalty states in 1996, it remained below the murder rates in those states in 21 of the 23 following years. The murder rate in the transitional states has remained very close to, and even slightly below, the national rate for the last twenty-five years.The murder rate in the states that retained the death penalty throughout the study period was above the national average for all 33 years in the study. By contrast, in all 33 years covered by the study, states that never authorized capital punishment at any time during the study period had murder rates that were well below the national average.While the cumulative murder rates and murder trends of each of the death-penalty groupings is instructive, it is still possible that they are skewed by disproportionally higher or lower murder rates in large states within each group. For instance, did the murder rates in states like Texas and Florida skew the overall murder rate of the death penalty states as a whole? Did the murder rate in Illinois skew the overall murder rate of the transitional states? To help determine whether, and to what extent, state death-penalty status provides meaningful information about murder rates, we created a color-coded table displaying the death-penalty status of each state and ranking the states from safest to least safe.2 (Table 2, below.)What we found not only corroborated our conclusions from the murder data, it strengthened those conclusions: states that never had the death penalty tend by far to be the safest in the country. Half of the 12 long-time abolitionist states were among the ten safest states in the country; seven ranked among the 11 safest states. 83.3% of these states (10 of 12) had murder rates below the national average. And the 4.749 murder rate per 100,000 population, already substantially below the murder rate in death penalty states, was in fact skewed by the high murder rate in Detroit. Excluding Michigan — the only long-term abolitionist state to rank in the bottom third of states in public safety — the murder rate for the other 11 non-death penalty states fell by an astounding twenty percent to 3.799 per 100,000 population, or 58.5% the murder rate in the long-time death penalty states.Further, the rest of the safest states in the country had either recently abolished the death penalty, commuted their death rows, or used capital punishment very infrequently. Ten of the safest 24 states were long-term abolitionists.3 Six more had abolished the death penalty either during4 or after5 the study period. And of the remaining eight death penalty states, two had no one on death row,6 one had not executed anyone in the past fifty years,7 four others had averaged fewer than an execution per decade since the 1960s,8 and only one had carried out even eight executions since 1961.9On the other hand, 92% of the states that ranked in the bottom half of public safety — including all but two that had a murder rate above the national average — were death penalty states for most or all of the study period. Nine of the twelve least safe states (75%) were long-time death penalty states,10 along with the transitional states of Illinois, Maryland, and New Mexico. Likewise, 14 of the 18 least safe states had the death penalty throughout the three-decade-plus study period.11In short, murder rates in individual states tend to be higher if the state has the death penalty; and, collectively, murder rates are higher in states that have the death penalty than in states that do not.But what about the states that had the death penalty and subsequently abolished it? The most succinct description of what occurred after abolition is, “nothing” — or at least nothing systematic. There is no consistent pattern among the transitional states. Illinois, Maryland, and New York — each with large urban centers — and New Mexico have murder rates higher than the national rate and higher than the overall murder rate for the death penalty states. Connecticut, Delaware, and New Jersey have murder rat [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://dppolicy.substack.com/p/dp3-study-after-1600-executions-the?r=2ke8f9&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=email&triedRedirect=true ) [124] => Array ( [objectID] => 27147 [title] => RESOLUTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIANNUAL VOTE CALLING FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY – ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024 [timestamp] => 1731542400 [date] => 14/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-on-the-united-nations-general-assembly-biannual-vote-calling-for-a-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-achpr-res-614-lxxxi-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The "Resolution on the United Nations General Assembly Biannual Vote Calling for a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty" (ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024) was adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights during its 81st Ordinary Session in November 2024. The resolution emphasizes the importance of promoting human rights in Africa, particularly the right to life and dignity, as outlined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.The resolution recalls past efforts to encourage African states to impose moratoriums on the death penalty, urging them to vote in favor of the UN General Assembly's resolution calling for a universal moratorium. It highlights the significant support for these resolutions by African Union Member States, with increasing numbers of countries voting in favor over the years.The Commission urges African countries that still have the death penalty to consider adopting moratoriums, reduce the number of crimes punishable by death, and ensure fair legal processes for those sentenced to death, including the right to seek pardon or commutation. It also calls for the possibility of abolishing the death penalty entirely in some states.In summary, the resolution encourages African countries to align with global trends towards abolition, promote respect for human dignity, and consider the long-term benefits of a moratorium on the death penalty. [texte] => Skip to main contentNewsDisplacedStatement by the Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Inter...Human Rights situationPress release on the human rights situation in the Republic of Niger f...AnnouncementsACHPR Team Embarks on Benchmarking Visit to the European Court of Huma...Human Rights DefendersPress release from the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights...Human Rights DefendersMessage from the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders on the o...Human Rights situationThe African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights to Hold Press Conf...conflictsCommuniqué de presse sur l’attaque du palais présidentiel, à N’Djamena...Human Rights situationCall for Inputs, Submissions, Reports and Documentation of Human Right...RightMessage of CondolencesDetentionThe African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights urges action again...DisplacedStatement by the Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Inter...Human Rights situationPress release on the human rights situation in the Republic of Niger f...AnnouncementsACHPR Team Embarks on Benchmarking Visit to the European Court of Huma...Human Rights DefendersPress release from the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights...Human Rights DefendersMessage from the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders on the o...Human Rights situationThe African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights to Hold Press Conf...conflictsCommuniqué de presse sur l’attaque du palais présidentiel, à N’Djamena...Human Rights situationCall for Inputs, Submissions, Reports and Documentation of Human Right...RightMessage of CondolencesDetentionThe African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights urges action again... EnglishFrançaisالعربيةKiswahiliPortuguêsAfrica Union Logo WEBMAILen Home About Structure Sessions Special Mechanisms Communications States News & Media ResourcesBreadcrumb Home Adopted Resolutions RESOLUTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIANNUAL VOTE CALLING FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY - ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024 Adopted ResolutionsRESOLUTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIANNUAL VOTE CALLING FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY - ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024Nov 14, 2024 Français Português shareThe African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (the Commission), meeting at its 81st Ordinary Session from 17 October to 6 November 2024 in Banjul, in The Gambia;Recalling its mandate to promote and protect human and peoples' rights in Africa under Article 45 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter); Considering Articles 4 and 5 of the African Charter, which enshrine the right to life and the right to dignity respectively;Considering Article 4(2)(j) of the Protocol of the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa calling on States to undertake to "ensure that, in countries where it still exists, the death penalty is not carried out on pregnant or breastfeeding women"; and Article 5 (3) of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, stipulating that "the death penalty shall not be imposed for crimes committed by children". Considering further Resolutions ACHPR/Res.42 (XXVI)99, ACHPR/Res.136 (XXXXIV)08, ACHPR/Res. 375 (LX) 2017 and ACHPR/Res. 483 (XXXI1I) 2021 urging States Parties to the African Charter, inter alia, to consider imposing a moratorium on the death penalty and to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty;Considering the Cotonou Declaration, adopted in 2014 by the African Commission, calling on ‘parliamentarians in Africa to review their national laws, adopt legislation on the abolition of the death penalty and [...] vote in favour of future UNGA resolutions on a moratorium on the death penalty ’.Recalling the adoption of the Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa by the African Commission at its 56th Ordinary Session in 2015;Bearing in mind General Comment No. 3 on the African Charter on the Right to Life (Article 4) and General Comment No. 36 (2018) on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights concerning the right to life;Observing the implementation of the Addis Ababa Roadmap on Cooperation between the Special Procedures of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the United Nations Human Rights Council, which stipulates that the African Commission "collaborates with other partners, including international, national, governmental and non-governmental institutions to successfully implement its mandate";Noting that since 2007, the United Nations General Assembly has regularly adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty; That the nine resolutions adopted in this regard have received increasing support from African Union Member States, rising from 17 States voting in favour in 2007 to 29 in 2022 and that over the same period, the number of States Parties opposing the moratorium has fallen from 12 to 6 , while the number of abstentions has fallen from 20 to 13 ; Considering that in December 2024, at the 79th Session of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, UN Member States will be called upon to vote on the 10th Resolution entitled Moratorium on the use of the death penalty;Convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes to respect for human dignity and to the enhancement and progressive development of human rights, and considering that there is no conclusive evidence of the deterrent value of the death penalty. Welcoming the considerable progress towards abolition of the death penalty on the African Continent and the fact that many States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds apply moratoria, including long-standing moratoria, in law or in practice, on the application of the death penalty.The Commission:1. Urges African States to vote in favour of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty;2. Calls on African States that retain the death penalty to: (a) establish or maintain an official moratorium and share their experience in this regard;(b) adopt legislative reforms to reduce the number of crimes punishable by death to the most serious crimes;(c) ensure that those facing the death penalty are able to exercise their right to seek pardon or commutation of their death sentence;(d) consider the possibility of abolishing the death penalty. Done at Banjul, The Gambia, 6th November 2024 Theme of the yearTrendingPress release on the human rights promotion mission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Togolese RepublicPRESS STATEMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Press ReleasesAug 09, 2024Press release on the human rights promotion mission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Togolese RepublicPress Statement on the occasion of the "Pan-African Women's Day" Press ReleasesJul 31, 2024Press release on the human rights promotion mission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Togolese RepublicJoint Press Statement: The National Assembly’s rejection of the proposed amendment to the Women's (Amendment) Act 2015, aimed at decriminalizing Female Genital Mutilation in The Gambia 16 July 2024 Banjul, The Gambia Press ReleasesJul 17, 2024More Trending Email [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://achpr.au.int/index.php/en/adopted-resolutions/614-biannual-vote-calling-moratorium-use-death-penalty ) [125] => Array ( [objectID] => 26677 [title] => Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) [timestamp] => 1729641600 [date] => 23/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/maldivian-democracy-network-mdn/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/MDN-logo-500x202.png [extrait] => The Maldivian Democracy Network was formed in 2004 following the brutal crackdown on peaceful demonstrators and the arbitrary arrest of over 300 protesters. We were allowed registration in June 2006. After focusing primarily on detainee rights, police and prison reforms, we amended our statutes following the ratification of the 2008 consitution. Our new mandate allowed […] [texte] => The Maldivian Democracy Network was formed in 2004 following the brutal crackdown on peaceful demonstrators and the arbitrary arrest of over 300 protesters. We were allowed registration in June 2006. After focusing primarily on detainee rights, police and prison reforms, we amended our statutes following the ratification of the 2008 consitution.Our new mandate allowed us to work on human rights issues deemed taboo in the Maldives, such as countering violent extremism and advocating against the death penalty.In December 2019 the government of Maldives arbitrarily de-registered our organisation amidst a violent smear campaign and allegations of blasphemy. MDN continues to work in exile and contest the actions of the government. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [126] => Array ( [objectID] => 26666 [title] => SOHRAM-CASRA [timestamp] => 1729641600 [date] => 23/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/sohram-casra/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/logo-SOHRAM-CASRA.jpg [extrait] => Social Action, Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture, War and Violence [texte] => Social Action, Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture, War and Violence [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [127] => Array ( [objectID] => 26654 [title] => Youth and Justice Lab, Carleton University, Law and Legal Studies Department [timestamp] => 1729641600 [date] => 23/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/youth-and-justice-lab-carleton-university-law-and-legal-studies-department/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Logo-Youth-and-Justice-Lab-500x227.png [extrait] => The Juvenile Justice Center is part of a partnership between Carleton University (CU) and Yerevan State University (YSU), that provides materials and information to improve juvenile justice in the Middle East. This center aims to strengthen legal representation and build capacity for attorneys, local non-government organizations, and judicial officials to respond to human rights violations […] [texte] => The Juvenile Justice Center is part of a partnership between Carleton University (CU) and Yerevan State University (YSU), that provides materials and information to improve juvenile justice in the Middle East.This center aims to strengthen legal representation and build capacity for attorneys, local non-government organizations, and judicial officials to respond to human rights violations against children and adolescents in the region.This website is to educate and inform policymakers, advocates, practitioners, service providers, and individuals on emerging trends in juvenile justice, with the purpose of improving adherence to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and other international human rights standards.The university partners believe that the initiative will serve as a multilingual resource library in English, Farsi, Arabic, Kurdish, and Armenian languages, providing a platform to improve the service delivery of judicial institutions with supported access to justice and improved detention conditions, so that juveniles in conflict with the law are better protected. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [128] => Array ( [objectID] => 26622 [title] => FAQ Open Call FSTP [timestamp] => 1729296000 [date] => 19/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/faq-open-call-fstp/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for the Open Call for proposals for Financial Support to Third Parties of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EN-WCADP-FAQ-OpenCall-FSTP_2024.pdf ) [129] => Array ( [objectID] => 26950 [title] => Death Penalty in Pakistan: Data Mapping Capital Punishment – 2024 [timestamp] => 1728518400 [date] => 10/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-pakistan-data-mapping-capital-punishment-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As we commemorate the World Day Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan presents the third edition of its annual statistics report, Death Penalty in Pakistan: Data Mapping Capital Punishment. This report offers a thoroughly updated and comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the death penalty in Pakistan.Over the past decade, significant developments have shaped the landscape of capital punishment in Pakistan. This report delves into the data and provides an insightful overview of a period marked by a profound re-evaluation of the death penalty. Its aim is to highlight these developments through detailed statistical analysis and contextual insights.Since the lifting of the moratorium on executions in December 2014, the administration of death sentences has undergone substantial changes. The statistics reflect a complex interplay of legal processes, judicial decisions, and evolving societal attitudes that influence the application of capital punishment. This edition captures these shifts and provides key findings on trends, patterns, and the underlying drivers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/report/death-penalty-in-pakistan-data-mapping-capital-punishment-2024/ ) [130] => Array ( [objectID] => 26948 [title] => Report on the situation of abolitionist human rights defenders in Democratic Republic of the Congo [timestamp] => 1728518400 [date] => 10/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-the-situation-of-abolitionist-human-rights-defenders-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On February 9, 2024, the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) lifted the moratorium on executions that had been in place since 2003. This decision comes amid a deteriorating security situation in the eastern part of the country and increasing restrictions on civic space. Since the moratorium was lifted, human rights defenders who publicly oppose this decision have faced heightened repression from Congolese authorities. This note documents the violations suffered by these defenders in several provinces of the country, including: - death threats and acts of physical violence; - arbitrary arrests and detentions; - baseless accusations and fabricated judicial proceedings; - violations of property rights and freedom of movement; - harassment targeting their relatives and collaborators.These violations are mainly perpetrated by agents of the National Intelligence Agency (ANR), the Military Detection of Unpatriotic Activities (Démiap), and security forces. The impunity enjoyed by the perpetrators allows this repression to continue.This note also highlights the considerable impact that the criminalization of defenders has on their living conditions and those of their families, including: - the inability to continue their activities due to fear of reprisals; - economic and social consequences (loss of employment, marginalization); - disruption of family life (forced relocations, separations); - forced exile for some particularly threatened defenders.The growing phenomenon of repression described in this note is part of a broader context of civic space restrictions in the DRC, exacerbated by the state of siege in place in some eastern provinces. This repression risks having a significant deterrent effect on the entire abolitionist movement and, more broadly, on any form of opposition to the government. [texte] => Analysis of the situation ofAnalysis of the situation ofhuman rights defenders whohuman rights defenders whohave criticised the lifting of thehave criticised the lifting of themoratorium on the deathmoratorium on the deathpenaltypenaltyD E M O C R A T I C R E P U B L I C O F C O N G OCopyright @Oleksii Liskonih / @Alessandro BiascioliOctober 10, 2024Democratic Republic of the Congo:analysis of the situation of human rightsdefenders who have criticised the lifting ofthe moratorium on the death penaltyContentsANNEXES1. ANNEX 1 - Circular note from the Minister of Justice of13 March 2024 on the lifting of the moratorium2. ANNEX 2 - Situation of death penalty cases in the DRCVp.16Copyright @DoomuINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGYCONTEXTUAL ANALYSISANALYSIS OF THE DOCUMENTED VIOLATIONSOF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THEIR IMPACT ONDEFENDERS1. Analysis of repression and violations documented since thelifting of the moratorium on the death penaltya. In the city/province of Kinshasab. In the province of Kongo Centralc. In the city of Goma, province of North Kivud. In the city of Tanganyika, in the south-east of theDRC2. Impact of the repression on the living conditions ofdefenders and those around themIIIIIIIIIIIIIVIVp.6p.8p.9p.12EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSIGNATORY ORGANIZATIONS ANDINSTITUTIONSp.3p.4EXECUTIVE SUMMARYOn February 9, 2024, the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC) lifted the moratorium on executions that had been in place since 2003.This decision comes amid a deteriorating security situation in the eastern partof the country and increasing restrictions on civic space. Since the moratoriumwas lifted, human rights defenders who publicly oppose this decision have facedheightened repression from Congolese authorities. This note documents theviolations suffered by these defenders in several provinces of the country,including:death threats and acts of physical violence;arbitrary arrests and detentions;baseless accusations and fabricated judicial proceedings;violations of property rights and freedom of movement;harassment targeting their relatives and collaborators.These violations are mainly perpetrated by agents of the National IntelligenceAgency (ANR), the Military Detection of Unpatriotic Activities (Démiap), andsecurity forces. The impunity enjoyed by the perpetrators allows this repressionto continue.This note also highlights the considerable impact that the criminalization ofdefenders has on their living conditions and those of their families, including:the inability to continue their activities due to fear of reprisals;economic and social consequences (loss of employment, marginalization);disruption of family life (forced relocations, separations);forced exile for some particularly threatened defenders.The growing phenomenon of repression described in this note is part of abroader context of civic space restrictions in the DRC, exacerbated by the stateof siege in place in some eastern provinces. This repression risks having asignificant deterrent effect on the entire abolitionist movement and, morebroadly, on any form of opposition to the government.34CO-SIGNATORY ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONSThe report was co-signed by 56 organizations and institutions from 24 countries.1. ACAT Allemagne2. ACAT Belgique3. ACAT Canada4. ACAT Congo5. ACAT Espagne-Catalogne6. ACAT France7. ACAT Ghana8. ACAT Luxembourg9. ACAT RCA10. ACAT RDC11. ACAT Suisse12. ACAT UK13. Adala « pour le droit à un procès équitable »14. Agir ensemble pour les droits humains15. Amis des victimes des violations des droits humains (AVVDH)16. Association Haki Zangu17. Avocats sans frontières (ASF) Belgique18. Avocats sans frontières (ASF) France19. Barreau de Paris20. Coalition congolaise contre la peine de mort21. Coalition marocaine contre la peine de mort22. Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort23. Coalition Tunisienne Contre la Peine de Mort (CTCPM)24. Comité Vietnam pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme25. Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide26. Culture pour la Paix27. Death Penalty Focus28. Dynamo International – Street Workers Network29. Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM)30. Europe-Central Africa network (EurAc)31. Fédération des Femmes pour le Développement Intégral au Congo (FEDICONGO)32. Fédération Internationale des ACAT (FIACAT)33. Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI)34. Hands Off Cain35. International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)36. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT)37. JusticeMakers Bangladesh en France (JMBF)38. Kenya Human Rights Commission39. Kurdistan without Genocide40. Lawyers for human rights international India41. Le Groupe LOTUS42. Observatoire international des avocats en danger43. Observatoire marocain des prisons44. Organisation Contre la Torture en Tunisie (OCTT)45. Organisation mondiale contre la torture (OMCT)46. Pax Christi Uvira47. Protection internationale548. Regroupement des Mamans de Kamituga (REMAK)49. Relais Prison-Société50. Réseau Ouest Africain des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (ROADDH)51. SIL LGBTQI+52. Solidarité avec les Victimes et pour la Paix (SOVIP)53. SOS Africaines en Danger54. Union internationale des avocats55. Vivere56. Women and Children Protection (WCP)6I. INTRODUCTION1. On 5 February 2024, in a communiqué broadcast on the 8 p.m. national television (RTNC) news, theSupreme Defence Council (Conseil supérieur de la défense) asked the supreme commander of thearmed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and the President of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo (DRC) to lift the moratorium on the execution of persons condemned to deathfor crimes of high treason. Although the death penalty is legally still in force in the DRC, the countryhad been observing a de facto moratorium since 2003, when the last death penalties were carried out.2. On 9 February 2024, at the 124th ordinary meeting of the Council of Ministers, the Congolesegovernment granted this request and decided to lift the moratorium on executions. This decision,which initially applied to crimes of high treason, was extended to common law crimes under CircularNo 002 of 13 March 2024 of H.E. Rose Mutombo, Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals,addressed to prosecutors, “with a view to ridding our country’s army of traitors and stemming theincrease in acts of urban terrorism which lead to loss of life” 1.3. The lifting of the moratorium runs counter to Articles 16 and 61 of the Constitution of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, which enshrines the right to life “even when the state of siege or the state ofemergency has been proclaimed in accordance with Articles 87 and 88 of this Constitution”. In thisrespect, Article 4 of the Order No 21/015 of 3 May 2021 proclaiming the state of siege on part of theterritory of the DRC provides for several rights and fundamental principles from which no derogationis admissible during this period, including 1. “the right to life” and 7. “the freedom of thought, ofconscience and religion”. Furthermore, this decision contradicts the National Plan of Action forJustice Reform 2017 – 2026, adopted by the Ministry of Justice in May 2017, focus (“axe”) 4 ofwhich guarantees justice based on respect for human dignity, including, in particular, abolition of thedeath penalty2. The country had thus embarked on the road to abolition, as is attested by the 2020newspaper article of H.E. André Lité Aseba, Congolese Minister for Human Rights, in which hemaintained that the DRC must make its moratorium official and progress towards abolition of thedeath penalty3.4. Moreover, this decision opens up the possibility of serious violations of human rights, in particularthe right to life guaranteed by Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).Application of the death penalty is a protracted process causing physical and moral suffering at eachstage, both for the condemned and for their friends and families, suffering which could be consideredtorture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment4. Furthermore, justice systems arenot infallible and once the penalty has been carried out it is irreversible, which means that the victimis deprived of his or her right to demand reparation, thus negating the right to a fair trial. Finally, agreat deal of information collected by our organisations and international human rights protectionmechanisms such as the United Nations special procedures indicates that the death penalty is applieddisproportionately to persons from underprivileged backgrounds or minorities who find it more1 Note circulaire n°002/MME/CAB/ ME/MIN/J&GS/2024 du 13 mars 2024 relative à la levée du moratoire surl’exécution de la peine de mort en République démocratique du Congo (Circular No002/MME/CAB/ ME/MIN/J&GS/2024 of 13 March 2024 on the lifting of the moratorium on execution of thedeath penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo).2 Ministère de la justice, Politique Nationale de Réforme de la Justice 2017 – 2026, mai 2017, para. 159https://bice.org/app/uploads/2020/05/DRC_PNRJ_2017-2026.pdf (Ministry of Justice, Plan of Action for JusticeReform 2017 – 2026, May 2017, para. 159) .3 Le Monde, André Lité Asebea, Liévin Ngondji, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, La DRC doit officialiser son moratoireet progresser vers l’abolition de la peine de mort (The DRC must make its moratorium official and make progresstowards abolition of the death penalty), 8 October 2020:https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/10/08/la-DRC-doit-officialiser-son-moratoire-et-progresser-vers-l-abolition-de-la-peine-de-mort_6055313_3212.html.4 FIACAT, The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment orpunishment, August 2023https://www.fiacat.org/en/publications-en/reports/thematic-reports/3003-the-death-penalty-and-the-prohibition-of-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment.7difficult to access legal assistance, thus violating the principle of equality before the law [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://fiacat.org/en/publications-en/reports/geographic-reports/africa/3241-report-on-the-situation-of-abolitionist-human-rights-defenders-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo ) [131] => Array ( [objectID] => 26613 [title] => Call for a ceasefire and the right to life in Gaza [timestamp] => 1727568000 [date] => 29/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-a-ceasefire-and-the-right-to-life-in-gaza/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. It aims to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. As a human rights network fighting against the death penalty and state-sponsored […] [texte] => The World Coalition is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. It aims to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. As a human rights network fighting against the death penalty and state-sponsored executions, we are horrified by the cruel human rights situation and the grave violations of international humanitarian law committed against the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the occupied Gaza Strip. (more…) "Call for a ceasefire and the right to life in Gaza" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [132] => Array ( [objectID] => 26592 [title] => Access to justice and discrimination: the World Coalition organizes a briefing for the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls [timestamp] => 1727308800 [date] => 26/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-working-group-on-discrimination-against-women-and-girls/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/UN-Working-Group-on-Discrimination-against-Women-and-Girls-en-500x250.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => (more…) "Access to justice and discrimination: the World Coalition organizes a briefing for the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [133] => Array ( [objectID] => 26578 [title] => Key Outcomes from the 79th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1727308800 [date] => 26/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/79th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ACHPR-article-500x281.jpeg [extrait] => From 14 May to 3 June 2024, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 79th Ordinary Session in a hybrid format. Members of the Commission and staff of its Secretariat physically attended the Session in Banjul, Gambia; all other participants attended the Session online via Zoom. [texte] => From 14 May to 3 June 2024, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 79th Ordinary Session in a hybrid format. Members of the Commission and staff of its Secretariat physically attended the Session in Banjul, Gambia; all other participants attended the Session online via Zoom. (more…) "Key Outcomes from the 79th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [134] => Array ( [objectID] => 26537 [title] => Budget Template FSTP-FFPA [timestamp] => 1726704000 [date] => 19/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/budget-template-fstp-ffpa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EN-WCADP-BudgetTemplate-FSTP-FFPA_2024.docx ) [135] => Array ( [objectID] => 26516 [title] => ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA [timestamp] => 1726704000 [date] => 19/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/applicationform-fstp_ffpa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Financial Support to Third Parties - Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition - APPLICATION FORM 2024 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EN-WCADP-ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA_2024-v2.0.docx ) [136] => Array ( [objectID] => 26478 [title] => NGOs voice fears for dozens of Egyptian prisoners, and hundreds of others, facing execution for drugs-related offenses in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1726185600 [date] => 13/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-saudi-arabia-september-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => We, the undersigned organisations, are gravely fearful for the lives of hundreds of prisoners threatened with imminent execution in Saudi Arabia on drugs-related charges, including 33 Egyptians on a single wing of Tabuk Prison. [texte] => We, the undersigned organisations, are gravely fearful for the lives of hundreds of prisoners threatened with imminent execution in Saudi Arabia on drugs-related charges, including 33 Egyptians on a single wing of Tabuk Prison. (more…) "NGOs voice fears for dozens of Egyptian prisoners, and hundreds of others, facing execution for drugs-related offenses in Saudi Arabia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [137] => Array ( [objectID] => 26463 [title] => The Inclusion Project [timestamp] => 1726185600 [date] => 13/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-inclusion-project/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/logo-the-inclusion-project.jpg [extrait] => The Inclusion Project (TIP) is a legal services provider founded in 2019 and registered in Nigeria as The Inclusion Project. [texte] => The Inclusion Project (TIP) is a legal services provider founded in 2019 and registered in Nigeria as The Inclusion Project. (more…) "The Inclusion Project" [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [138] => Array ( [objectID] => 26459 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 55th session [timestamp] => 1726185600 [date] => 13/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-55th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 55th Regular Session from February 26 to April 5, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 55th Regular Session from February 26 to April 5, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 55th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [139] => Array ( [objectID] => 26381 [title] => Issues Impacting LGBTQ+ Prisoners [timestamp] => 1725321600 [date] => 03/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/issues-impacting-lgbtq-prisoners/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LGBTQ+ people, especially people of color and low income, experience high levels of policing and criminalization, leading to an overrepresentation of these individuals in the incarcerated population. A 2017 study from researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, suggests that LGBTQ+ people are three times as likely to be incarcerated than the general population. Once incarcerated, LGBTQ+ people are often subjected to violence from correctional staff and fellow prisoners, as well denied medical care and access to mental health services. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:SearchSearchDeath Penalty Information CenterAboutFor the MediaResourcesFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateEmailTwitterFacebookInstagramLinkedInHomePolicy IssuesFacts & ResearchExecutionsDeath RowState & Federal InfoLgbtq+ PeopleIssues Impacting LGBTQ+ PrisonersFacebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailLGBTQ+ people, especially people of color and low income, experience high levels of policing and criminalization, leading to an overrepresentation of these individuals in the incarcerated population. A 2017 study from researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, suggests that LGBTQ+ people are three times as likely to be incarcerated than the general population. Once incarcerated, LGBTQ+ people are often subjected to violence from correctional staff and fellow prisoners, as well denied medical care and access to mental health services. Incarcerated individuals have specific civil rights under the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (“PREA”) standards, a set of federal rules that regulate prison and jail operations as they relate to preventing, identifying, and responding adequately to sexual assault and abuse. While the PREA standards do not give prisoners a right to sue agencies for failing to adhere to these standards, courts may consider whether the agency in question failed to follow the standards that may have prevented sexual abuse."Sexual violence, against any victim, is an assault on human dignity and an affront to American values."Barack Obama in a Presidential Memorandum regarding the implementation of the Prison Rape Elimination Act in 2012.Correctional Staff and Prisoner Violence LGBTQ+ people are at a heightened risk for violence while incarcerated. The 2012 National Inmate Survey, carried out by the United States Bureau of Justice Statistics, reported that 12% of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people in prisons, and 9% in jails, experienced sexual victimization from fellow prisoners, compared to just 1% of heterosexual individuals in prisons and jails. The numbers are likely higher due to underreporting. The survey also indicated that 5% of LGB people in prisons, and 4% in jails, reported sexual assault from correctional staff, while 2% of heterosexual individuals incarcerated reported victimization by correctional staff. More recently, Black and Pink, an organization dedicated to helping incarcerated LGBTQ+ people, reported in its groundbreaking 2015 survey that respondents were six times more likely to experience sexual assault and violence than the general prison population. This survey also found that LGBTQ+ prisoners are three times more likely to be subjected to sexual violence from fellow prisoners, than staff. However, 76% of survey respondents indicated a belief that correctional staff intentionally placed them in circumstances where they would be at a substantial risk of sexual assault by another prisoner.Housing and PlacementSolitary ConfinementStudies show that incarcerated LGBTQ+ people are more likely to be placed in solitary confinement than others. Black and Pink’s 2015 survey found that 85% of respondents had been placed in solitary confinement at some point during their incarceration, with more than 50% of individuals spending two or more years in isolation. Correctional staff oftentimes place LGBTQ+ individuals in “protective custody” because of their vulnerabilities. The PREA standards instruct prison officials to use “protective custody” as a last effort to protect a prisoner, when there are no other available alternatives for protection. The standards limit the amount of time a prisoner can be detained in segregation and requires they still have access to work and educational programming and opportunities. Most death row prisoners are placed in solitary confinement for 22-24 hours a day with little to no exposure to human contact or natural light, in addition to restrictions on participation in programming. Because of these harsh conditions, many prisoners suffer from that has been called “death row syndrome”: a set of psychological issues that condemned prisoners develop while waiting for an imminent execution and living in the harsh conditions of solitary confinement. These issues include a range of symptoms such as hallucinations, dissociation, paranoia, hyper-sensitivity to external stimuli, perceptual distortions, and impulse control. Studies show that LGBTQ+ people generally experience higher rates of depression and anxiety, as well as greater thoughts and attempts of suicide than their heterosexual counterparts. When incarcerated, many individuals struggle to secure effective mental health care, because of perceived stigma associated with of disclosing information and because many correctional teams do not understand how to treat and counsel LGBTQ+ people. The psychological harms of solitary confinement and death row syndrome may be amplified by pre-existing mental illness and medical conditions; this exacerbates the suffering of some LGBTQ+ prisoners, who are also more likely to experience mental illness. Gender-Specific Placement Despite PREA standards forbidding the practice, many correctional agencies house transgender individuals in men’s or women’s facilities based on their genital anatomy or the gender they were assigned at birth. This widespread practice often places transgender prisoners at a higher risk for sexual violence and abuse. The PREA standards require agencies to look at each case individually, assess the prisoner’s health and safety, and solicit their views on where they would be safest. Some institutions have tried to use surgery as a determining factor for placement, but the World Professional Association for Transgender (WPATH) holds that treatment is individualized, and not all trans individuals require surgery. Access to Medical Care Gender-Affirming Health Care The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, through its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, requires that all prisons provide adequate health care for prisoners with serious medical needs under their supervision. In the last decade, courts have consistently ruled that gender dysphoria (GD) is a serious health diagnosis that may require medical and/or mental health treatment. In 2011, the 7th Circuit in Fields v. Smith affirmed a lower court ruling which held that denying medically necessary transition-related healthcare violated the Eighth Amendment. Despite these rulings, many transgender prisoners struggle to receive a GD diagnosis from prison medical staff and the subsequent treatment they require.“Surely, had the Wisconsin legislature passed a law that DOC inmates with cancer must be treated only with therapy and pain killers, this court would have no trouble concluding that the law was unconstitutional. Refusing to provide effective treatment for a serious medical condition serves no valid penological purpose and amounts to torture.”Majority opinion in Fields v. Smith, 653 F.3d 550, 556 (7th Cir. 2011)Freeze-Frame Policies Many states have freeze-frame policies that permit hormone therapy only for transgender prisoners who were already receiving this therapy prior to incarceration. Under these policies, transgender prisoners are not allowed to start or expand medical treatment with hormone therapy. Even if a state is required to offer gender-affirming healthcare to transgender prisoners, it may prevent granting healthcare to someone who did not start their transition prior to arrest and incarceration. Freeze-frame policies are instituted largely at a state level, which has made widespread repeal of these policies difficult. Several jurisdictions, including Georgia, Missouri, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have faced challenges to their freeze-frame policies, which have since been repealed.SourcesJaclyn Diaz, Trans inmates need access to gender-affirming care. Often they have to sue to get it, NPR, October 25, 2022; Jaclyn Diaz, Minnesota recognizes she’s a woman. She’s locked in a men’s prison anyway, NPR, October 13, 2022; Emily Widra, New data: LGBT people across all demographics are at heightened risk of violent victimization, Prison Policy Initiative, July 11, 2022; Nkem Adeleye, The Death Row Phenomenon: A Prohibition Against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment, San Diego Law Review, 2021; Paul Gorczynski, LGBTQ+ mental health in detention setting, Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 2021; Emerging Best Practices for the Management and Treatment of Incarcerated Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (LGBTI) Individuals, The Fenway Institute, 2019; National Center for Transgender Equality, LGBTQ People Behind Bars: A Guide to Understanding the Issues Facing Transgender Prisoners and Their Legal Rights, October 2018; Ilan H. Meyer, Andrew R. Flores, Lara Stemple, Adam P. Romero, Bianca D. M. Wilson, and Jody L. Herman, Incarceration Rates and Traits of Sexual Minorities in the United States: National Inmate Survey, 2011 – 2012, American Journal of Public Health, January 11, 2017; Lambda Legal, Transgender Incarcerated People in Crisis, Transgender Rights Toolkit, November 17, 2016; Black and Pink, Coming Out of Concrete Closets: A Report on Black and Pink’s National LGBTQ Prisoner Survey, October 2015; ACLU of Oregon, Laws, Court Decisions & Advocacy Tips to Protect Transgender Prisoners, N.D.In This SectionLGBTQ+ PeopleCriminalization of Homosexuality in American HistoryBias in the CourtroomIssues Impacting LGBTQ+ PrisonersInternational PerspectivesWebsite GuideWebsite GuideAn introduction to the navigation system, features, and terminology of DPI's website.Upcoming ExecutionsUpcoming ExecutionsInformation about scheduled executions around the countryInnocenceInnocenceFor every 8.2 people executed in the United States in the modern era of the death penalty, one person on death row has been exonerated.State-By-StateState-By-StateStates [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/lgbtq-people/issues-impacting-lgbtq-prisoners ) [140] => Array ( [objectID] => 26354 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 54th session [timestamp] => 1724976000 [date] => 30/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-54th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 54th Regular Session from September 11 to October 13, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 54th Regular Session from September 11 to October 13, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 54th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [141] => Array ( [objectID] => 26349 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 56th session [timestamp] => 1724976000 [date] => 30/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-56th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 56th Regular Session from June 18 to July 12, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 56th Regular Session from June 18 to July 12, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 56th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [142] => Array ( [objectID] => 26345 [title] => The death penalty in the DRC: an illusory means of combating impunity in the face of human rights implementation [timestamp] => 1724976000 [date] => 30/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-in-the-drc/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the States which has retained the death penalty in its legal arsenal, although applies a de facto moratorium on executions since 2003. [texte] => The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the States which has retained the death penalty in its legal arsenal, although applies a de facto moratorium on executions since 2003. (more…) "The death penalty in the DRC: an illusory means of combating impunity in the face of human rights implementation" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [143] => Array ( [objectID] => 26338 [title] => In support and solidarity with “No Death Penalty Tuesdays” abolitionist movement in Iran [timestamp] => 1724803200 [date] => 28/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-iran-august-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Every six hours, one person was executed in Iranian prisons in the first 20 days of August. Execution numbers have been rising every year since 2021, with at least 834 people executed in 2023, and 395 executions recorded by Iran Human Rights as of 26th August 2024. [texte] => Every six hours, one person was executed in Iranian prisons in the first 20 days of August. Execution numbers have been rising every year since 2021, with at least 834 people executed in 2023, and 395 executions recorded by Iran Human Rights as of 26th August 2024. (more…) "In support and solidarity with “No Death Penalty Tuesdays” abolitionist movement in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [144] => Array ( [objectID] => 26326 [title] => Singapore: Authorities must end executions and stop targeting anti-death penalty activists to curb criticism [timestamp] => 1724803200 [date] => 28/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-singapore-august-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/StatementSingapore-500x161.png [extrait] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are gravely concerned by developments in Singapore since the beginning of August 2024, which has seen the authorities carry out two executions in violation of international safeguards on the death penalty, as well as limiting the right to freedom of expression of the Transformative Justice Collective, a non-governmental organization who […] [texte] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are gravely concerned by developments in Singapore since the beginning of August 2024, which has seen the authorities carry out two executions in violation of international safeguards on the death penalty, as well as limiting the right to freedom of expression of the Transformative Justice Collective, a non-governmental organization who expressed concern about human rights violations and criticized the processes leading up to the executions. (more…) "Singapore: Authorities must end executions and stop targeting anti-death penalty activists to curb criticism " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [145] => Array ( [objectID] => 26296 [title] => INSECURITY REVEALED: Voices Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1722902400 [date] => 06/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/insecurity-revealed-voices-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => INSECURITY REVEALED:Voices Against the Death PenaltyWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the death penaltyThis document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including the AbdorrahmanBoroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC), Coalition of Somali Human RightsDefenders (CSHRD), Abolition Death Penalty in Iraq, Centre d’Observation des Droits del’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale (CODHAS), National Tunisian Coalition Against the DeathPenalty (CTCPM), Sant’Egidio, Sunny Jacobs Foundation, and Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty (TAEDP).Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in which theywere received, with edits being made either for clarity, security, or for length. If a testimonyhas been edited, it will be stated, or indicated in brackets.We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.Content warning: Testimonials include mention of torture, sexual violence, sexual violence onminors, suicide and murder. Reader discretion advised.(CONTENTSVOICES OF VICTIMS’ FAMILIES 2Khedija Arfaou (Tunisia)Essen Lee (Taiwan)Safieh (Iran)VOICES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS 3George Kain (United States of America)Anonymous - prison guards (Iran)VOICES OF PEOPLE ON THE DEATH ROW 5Sifa Wembo (Democratic Republic of Congo)Mohamud Ali (Somalia)Muhammad Attia Hussein (Iraq)VOICES OF FAMILIES OF PEOPLE ON THE DEATH ROW 8Anonymous (Democratic Republic of Congo)Gary Hawkins (United States of America)Tina Pafero (United States of America)ACTIVIST AND POLITICAL VOICES 9Jalil Rahimi (Iran)Josué Wallay Akuzwe (Democratic Republic of Congo)When I learned that my son, he was my youngest, Dali and hiswife, had been murdered along with 37 other people, in Istanbul,on the first of January 2017, I don't know how... I didn't even cry! Iwas so stunned. Several people were saying, "Ah, if I catch him[the person who murdered Dali and his wife], I'll kill him!" No, myconcern was not to kill the one who had killed, because no onehas the right to kill. Only God has the right, only God gives life anddeath. That's the way I see it. Will killing these criminals bring thedead back to life? No. I'm against the death penalty. I'm not goingto be like, I saw a case, where the father of a child who was killed,[who] went to kiss his son's murderer, I won't go that far. I cannever forgive the man who killed my children, I can never forgivehim. But I don't want him executed. There's life imprisonment... Acountry like the United States, where the death penalty doesn'texist in all states, but in the majority that they have... we mustn'tfollow the example of the United States. I was and remainfundamentally and consciously against the death penalty.Because my grandmother died in a robbery, suffering from a headinjury and intracranial bleeding, and eventually left us due to braindeath. At that time, and even now, I also had the urge to seek revenge.The desire for revenge stems from the deep hurt I experienced, whichis the expression of a victim. I am not sure if I have overcome the pain,as I still shed tears when mentioning this matter.My anger made me choose to study law, hoping to delve into criminallaw. At that time, I thought that punishing the wrongdoers meantstudying criminal law. However, after entering university and studyingcriminal law, I realized that most legal professionals are cautiouswhen it comes to the defendants. Through the process of studyinglaw, I gradually understood the reasons and context of crimes. If weexamine the life experiences of each defendant, they may have beenvictims to some extent or in other events. The causes of crimes,whether near or far, are often related to the repressed, frustrated,unaccepted, marginalized, discriminated, or victimized experiences ofthe perpetrators.Through this learning process, I have transformed my hatred towards"criminals" into sighs for the past lives of the "defendants," and I amable to take the "causes of crime" more seriously. The death penaltywould obscure the pursuit of the causes of crime, leading us tomistakenly believe that the victims have been supported.Since we do not believe that individuals can kill, why does the statesuddenly have the power to kill when citizens hand over power to thestate? In fact, we have elevated and sanctified the status of the statetoo much. The power of the state actually comes from the people, andwe do not have the right to kill to delegate to the state, so the statedoes not have the right to kill.2VOICES OF VICTIMS’ FAMILIESKhedija Arfaou (Tunisia)Academic, feminist andabolitionist activist andfounding member of the CTCPM,who shared her story.Essen Lee (Taiwan)Lawyer and a victim's family.His story was shared by theTAEDP.After Amirhossein was executed, we didn’t hear a word from anyone. Wethought Amirhossein’s execution would bring us closure, but the day he wasput to death was like the day we found out Setayesh had been killed as shehad and was no longer with us. Things were just that bad, and it’s not broughtus even a bit of peace. Maybe if we could go back, knowing that executingAmirhossein wouldn’t fix anything, we would have pardoned him and hewouldn’t have been put to death. […] We can’t tell people in situations like ourswhat to do, but the execution of Amirhossein hasn’t made things better for usand hasn’t changed a thing. All that’s happened is that Amirhossein’s bloodhas been spilled.3I am pleased to learn that the theme of this year’s World Day Againstthe Death Penalty is that “The Death Penalty Protects No One.” Thatreality is perhaps the biggest reason why I began to study the use of thedeath penalty and learned that the death penalty does not offer anyoneany protection from violent behavior. While violent behavior must becontrolled, the death penalty is not the answer. In my experience as alaw enforcement officer for almost 40 years, sworn to protect victimsof violent crime, I once thought that the death penalty was a justpunishment and would help murder victims’ family members, andwould protect future potential victims from the horrible consequencesof losing a loved one. I also thought it would bring peace to those whowere victims of murder. I was wrong! As I continued my journey foranswers, I learned many very important truths about the death penalty.Please allow me to share two of those realities here:1. The death penalty creates more victims than it helps. This isbecause everyone involved in the death penalty process is traumatized.This includes the people that I was sworn to protect: the familymembers of those murdered, who undergo excruciating pain whilebeing dragged through the death penalty process, promised that theywill “feel better” and experience “closure” after the person responsiblefor the death of their loved one is executed. It doesn’t work that way. Infact, many surviving family members now work to end the death penaltybecause they were harmed so greatly during the process. The deathpenalty brought more pain to their lives and prevented them fromovercoming their loss.2. The death penalty does not prevent future murders and is not adeterrent to murder. In the United States, states that have a deathpenalty have higher rates of murder than states that don’t have a deathpenalty. Also, more police officers are murdered in states that have adeath penalty than those that don’t.Safieh (Iran)Mother of Setayesh Ghoreishi, a six-year-old Afghan girl who was raped andmurdered in 2016. Amirhossein Pourjafar, who was 16 at the time of the crime,was put to death after being found guilty on 2018. Her story was shared by ABC.George Kain(United States ofAmerica)Former policecommissioner inConnecticut, he workedin law enforcement forover 40 years. His storywas shared byCommunitàdiSant’Egidio.VOICES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS4[the prisoners on death row] were very sad and would cry…In a natural death, theperson does not know when they would die, but in executions, the anticipation ofdeath is very difficult. [Like the case of X]. He knew he would be executed in a fewhours and was in a very bad condition. They did not let him see his wife and kid. [...] Igot the number from him and informed his family. At the end of the night, they tookhim from [the clinic] and in that section in the visitation room they executed him…That night I could not sleep. Not only that night, but for weeks and months, thisnightmare was with me, that right in front of my eyes they took the inmate there andexecuted him…The stress of working in prison resulted in me having no sleep at nightand I had a depression... [they] can replace executions with better sentences, but[they] do not have the right to decide for somebody else and cut them off from life.Prison Guard who served in two prisons in Iran as supervisor fora total nine years. ABC interviewed him on 7 January 2021.Anonymous - prison guards (Iran)The following stories were shared by ABC. All brackets indicatingchanges in the text were made by ABC upon submission.[A 14-year-old boy who had accidentally caused his girlfriend’s death] was kept in Xprison until he reached the age of 17 and then he was sent to X prison and kept therefor almost a year. When he reached the age of 18, a crane came to the prison area, theprosecutor, the judge, and the victim's family were there, as well as the colleagues andthe boy's family. My colleagues strongly urged the victim's family to forgive him. Butthey didn't. The mother didn't forgive, and she put the rope around the boy's neck. Andthe crane [used as scaffolding for a make shift gallows] pulled him up after a buttonwas pressed… It is not pleasant at all to see someone die up there. I only saw the killer'sfamily and my colleagues begging the victim's family to no avail. My shift was over, andI left with my car. It was very sad. Later, when I came to X prison, someone was beingexecuted every day. When w [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/WD2024-Testimonials-tool-EN.pdf ) [146] => Array ( [objectID] => 26286 [title] => China: Judicial guidelines to curtail activism for Taiwan a further blow for human rights protections [timestamp] => 1722470400 [date] => 01/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-china-july-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Taken from the declaration posted on Amnesty International’s web page found here. “Amnesty International and four other organizations are alarmed by the recent publication by the Chinese authorities of new judicial guidelines providing directives to prosecute and harshly punish, including by the death penalty, those advocating and acting for Taiwan’s independence. The guidance effectively encourages […] [texte] => Taken from the declaration posted on Amnesty International’s web page found here. “Amnesty International and four other organizations are alarmed by the recent publication by the Chinese authorities of new judicial guidelines providing directives to prosecute and harshly punish, including by the death penalty, those advocating and acting for Taiwan’s independence. The guidance effectively encourages China’s courts and law enforcement agencies to violate several rights established under international human rights law and standards, including the rights to life, to the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly and association, and to a fair trial.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [147] => Array ( [objectID] => 26278 [title] => Joint Open Letter to the Minister of Justice of Malawi on the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1721952000 [date] => 26/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-open-letter-to-the-minister-of-justice-of-malawi-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Dear Minister of Justice, Honorable Titus Mvalo Ahead of this joint letter, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its deepest condolences to the Government and people of Malawi for the passing of Vice President Mr. Saulos Chilima on 11 June 2024. [texte] => Dear Minister of Justice, Honorable Titus MvaloAhead of this joint letter, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its deepest condolences to the Government and people of Malawi for the passing of Vice President Mr. Saulos Chilima on 11 June 2024. (more…) "Joint Open Letter to the Minister of Justice of Malawi on the abolition of the death penalty " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [148] => Array ( [objectID] => 26267 [title] => Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders CSHRD [timestamp] => 1721779200 [date] => 24/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-of-somali-human-rights-defenders-cshrd/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/logo_CSH-sax.png [extrait] => The Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders (CSHRD) is an organization dedicated to promoting and protecting human rights in Somalia. CSHRD was established in 2014. CSHRD runs holistic and comprehensive torture victims rehabilitation centre in Somalia. CSHRD work is guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR and the SDGs of 1, 5, 10, […] [texte] => The Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders (CSHRD) is an organization dedicated to promoting and protecting human rights in Somalia. CSHRD was established in 2014.CSHRD runs holistic and comprehensive torture victims rehabilitation centre in Somalia.CSHRD work is guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR and the SDGs of 1, 5, 10, 13, 16 and 17. CSHRD believes the right to life and therefore, death penalty should be abolished.Here's an overview of its mission, actions, and activities:Mission1. Protection and Advocacy: CSHRD aims to protect human rights defenders in Somalia and advocate for their rights and safety.2. Promotion of Human Rights: The coalition works to promote human rights awareness and adherence to international human rights standards within Somalia.3. Support for Human Rights Defenders: CSHRD provides support to individuals and organizations working on human rights issues, helping them to carry out their work safely and effectively.Actions and Activities1. Capacity Building: Conducts training programs and workshops to build the capacity of human rights defenders and organizations. These programs cover various topics, including human rights law, advocacy techniques, and personal security.2. Monitoring and Reporting: Monitors the human rights situation in Somalia and reports on abuses and violations. This involves documenting cases of human rights abuses, raising awareness, and advocating for accountability.3. Advocacy and Lobbying: Engages in advocacy and lobbying efforts at national and international levels to influence policies and practices that impact human rights in Somalia. This includes working with government bodies, international organizations, and other stakeholders.4. Protection Mechanisms: Establishes protection mechanisms for human rights defenders at risk, including providing safe spaces, legal support, and emergency assistance.5. Networking and Collaboration: Works in collaboration with local, regional, and international human rights organizations to strengthen the overall human rights movement in Somalia and to share resources and information.6. Public Awareness Campaigns: Runs public awareness campaigns to educate the Somali population about their rights and the importance of defending human rights.7. Research and Publications: Conducts research on human rights issues and publishes reports, policy briefs, and other materials to inform public discourse and policy decisions.Through these activities, CSHRD plays a crucial role in advancing human rights in Somalia, supporting those who defend these rights, and striving for a more just and equitable society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Somalia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [149] => Array ( [objectID] => 26257 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Indonesian [timestamp] => 1721779200 [date] => 24/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-indonesian/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BD_affiche-WC-2024-indonesian.pdf ) [150] => Array ( [objectID] => 26383 [title] => Report of the Secretary General: Question of the death penalty 2024 [timestamp] => 1721088000 [date] => 16/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-secretary-general-question-of-the-death-penalty-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In the report, the SecretaryGeneral reaffirms the general trend towards universal abolition of the death penalty and highlights initiatives limiting its use and implementing safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing this penalty. Between July 2022 and June 2024, a minority of States continued to implement the death penalty, with some increasing their use considerably. Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Question-of-the-death-penalty-Report-of-the-Secretary-General.pdf ) [151] => Array ( [objectID] => 26246 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Lingala [timestamp] => 1721001600 [date] => 15/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-lingala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024-lingala.pdf ) [152] => Array ( [objectID] => 26230 [title] => Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement: Launch of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1720742400 [date] => 12/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/strengthening-the-abolitionist-movement-launch-of-the-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Global-Consortium-for-Death-Penalty-Abolition-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Despite a growing number of countries worldwide joining the abolitionist movement every year, bringing the prospect of universal abolition closer to reality, the death penalty remains a significant human rights concern. [texte] => Despite a growing number of countries worldwide joining the abolitionist movement every year, bringing the prospect of universal abolition closer to reality, the death penalty remains a significant human rights concern. (more…) "Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement: Launch of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [153] => Array ( [objectID] => 26212 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Yoruba [timestamp] => 1720656000 [date] => 11/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-yoruba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_yoruba.pdf ) [154] => Array ( [objectID] => 26193 [title] => Detailed factsheet – World Day 2024 & 2025 [timestamp] => 1720656000 [date] => 11/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-world-day-2024-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1OVERVIEW ................................................................ 2SOURCES .................................................................. 3BACKGROUND ........................................................... 3Human security ........................................................... 3Deterrence .................................................................. 4DISMANTLING A MYTH: DETERRENCE, SECURITY, ANDTHE DEATH PENALTY .................................................. 4Singapore.................................................................... 5Nigeria ........................................................................ 6INTERCONNECTED INSECURITY AND MISGUIDEDRELIANCE ON THE DEATH PENALTY .............................. 7Iran ............................................................................ 8Egypt .......................................................................... 9CONCLUSION .......................................................... 10Every year, on the 10th of October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and advocates globallymark World Day Against the Death Penalty. This occasion serves as an opportunity to celebrate the strides madein the global campaign to abolish capital punishment. In the years 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as anopportunity to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer.Security can mean different things in different contexts.1 Politicians and others in authority often use theconcept of security to shape public opinion and garner support for certain policies.2 But the ways lawmakers andpolitical leaders identify threats to security and respond to them are often influenced by complex power dynamics,discrimination, and inequality.3 Authorities may broadly define security offenses, rendering them easy tools to1 Laura Neack, Elusive Security: States First, People Last (2007).2 John T. Hamilton, Security: Politics, Humanity, and the Philology of Care (2013).3 Thierry Balzacq, Théories de la sécurité (2011).INTRODUCTIONDETAILED FACTSHEETWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the Death Penalty2exploit. Appeals to the need for security can politicize criminal cases and, worse, the need to protect the state maybecome a pretext for human rights violations.4Public calls for the death penalty often come from places of fear and despair, for example, in response toa government’s struggle to control rising violence and crime.5 Despite such reactions, studies show that the deathpenalty does not have a deterrent effect on crime.6 Some research even show that countries without the deathpenalty often have lower crime rates.7 In conflict zones, capital punishment does not resolve disputes; it can evenfurther violence when authorities use the death penalty to consolidate military control or to settle political scores.8Effective solutions to crime and violence must address their root causes.9 The human security approachrecognizes “the right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair.”10 It shows that byaddressing issues like poverty, inequality, and social exclusion, societies can foster security without resorting tothe death penalty.Problems like climate change, violent conflict, poverty, and social inequality are interconnected andcontribute to feelings of insecurity on a global scale.11 In this complex world, authorities often justify the deathpenalty as a way to maintain security. Yet growing evidence shows that the death penalty not only fails to addressthe root causes of insecurity and crime, but can even worsen these interconnected problems by perpetuatingcycles of violence.12 This factsheet, prepared by The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in partnership withThe Advocates for Human Rights, and with the assistance of the law firm Fredrikson & Byron, P.A., highlights theinterplay between insecurity and the death penalty.First, it examines the concept of human security by tracing its evolution and recognition as an integralaspect of global security policies. Introduced in 1994, the human security approach highlights the interconnectionbetween social and economic inequalities, human rights violations, and global instability. Human security includesthree main components: freedom from want, freedom from fear, and freedom to live in dignity. This frameworkunderscores the importance of addressing basic human needs and rights in order to ensure overall security.Next, this factsheet analyzes the notion of deterrence in the context of the death penalty, to demonstratethat the death penalty does not deter crime more effectively than other forms of punishment. Evidence fromvarious jurisdictions shows that crime rates are often lower in states without the death penalty. Deterrence theoryis fraught with logical and empirical flaws; there is no credible connection between capital punishment andreduced crime rates. Rather than improving public safety, use of the death penalty exacerbates social inequalityby failing to address the underlying issues that lead to crime.Finally, this factsheet investigates specific case studies from jurisdictions that continue to use the deathpenalty. Case studies of Singapore and Nigeria highlight unsuccessful attempts to use the death penalty to deterspecific crimes, such as drug trafficking and kidnapping. Case studies of Iran and Egypt demonstrate how4 Neack, supra note 1.5 Richard C. Dieter, Smart on Crime: Reconsidering the Death Penalty in a Time of Economic Crisis (2009).6 National Research Council, Deterrence and the DeathPenalty (2012), https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13363/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty.7 Brennan Center for Justice, What Caused the Crime Decline? (2015), https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/what-caused-crime-decline.8 Amnesty International, The Death Penalty in Wartime: Arguments forAbolition (1994), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/001/1994/en/.9 Dieter, supra note 5.10 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 1994: New Dimensions of HumanSecurity (1994), https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-1994.11 John T. Hamilton, Security: Politics, Humanity, and the Philology of Care (2013).12 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk (2022),https://www.sipri.org/publications/2022/policy-reports/environment-peace-security-new-era-risk.OVERVIEW3authorities often employ the death penalty to target marginalized groups and political dissidents, rather than topromote public safety and security. These case studies illustrate how the death penalty fails to address theunderlying causes of insecurity and can even perpetuate cycles of violence.This research draws on a comprehensive review of international human rights treaties, regionalagreements, and state-specific legislation and jurisprudence. Key sources include the United Nations Office onDrugs and Crime, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the International Federation of Associationsof Christians Against Torture (FIACAT), as well as reports and databases from research organizations and humanrights advocacy groups such as the U.S.-based National Research Council, Reprieve, and the Death PenaltyInformation Center.HUMAN SECURITYHuman security encompasses various aspects of personal and community safety and wellbeing. Humansecurity is not just about protecting people from war or violence—it is also about making sure people have food,water, shelter, good health, and an opportunity for a decent life.13The United Nations Development Programme, in its 1994 Human Development Report, first articulated ahuman security approach to human rights. Formulated as part of an agenda for the 1995 World Summit for SocialDevelopment, the human security approach recognizes that political, social, and economic inequalities work intandem with human rights violations to create conditions of instability and violence.14 To feel protected and secure,people need to have their basic human rights upheld.Human security has three main prongs:1. Freedom from want. This prong recognizes economic, social, and environmental threats to people’sbasic needs.2. Freedom from fear. This prong recognizes all forms of violence that threaten people’s safety andcontribute to community insecurity.3. Freedom to live in dignity. This prong recognizes various threats to human rights, and promotespeople’s access to life-improving services and opportunities.Through this approach, states can implement security measures that effectively address the root causesof crime and insecurity, such as education, social services, and economic support.15The United Nations has beeninstrumental in promoting this broader understanding of security by highlighting the interconnectedness of socio-political development, human rights, and peace.16 To this end, in 2012 the United Nations General Assemblyadopted Resolution 66/290, stating that “human security is an approach to help countries identify and addresswidespread challenges to the survival, livelihood, and dignity of their people.”1713 UNDP, supra note 10.14 Id.15 Dieter, supra note 5.16 United Nations, In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security, and Human Rights for All. Report of the Secretary-General (2005), https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/543857.17 G.A. Res. 66/290, U.N. Doc. A/RES/66/290 (Oct. 25, 2012), available at https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/290.SOURCESBACKGROUND4DETERRENCEIn an effort to foster human security, states often attempt not only to affirmatively provide resources—such as clean water and healthcare—to their people, but also to discourage negative acts and outcomes thatcontribute to overall insecurity. Deterrence is the idea that, if a person faces a threat of punishment for committingan act, that p [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/EN_JM2024_-Detailed-Factsheet_Final.pdf ) [155] => Array ( [objectID] => 26171 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Chinese [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-chinese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024-chinois-simplifie.pdf ) [156] => Array ( [objectID] => 26135 [title] => Debunking the deterrence theory [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/debunking-the-deterrence-theory/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 1Every 10th October, the World Coalition Against theDeath Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwidecelebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It isan occasion to highlight the progress achieved in theglobal campaign for the abolition of capital punishment.In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as anopportunity to challenge the misconception that thedeath penalty can make people and communities safer.The abolition of the death penalty has continued to gainground around the world. Today, 144 1 States areabolitionist in law or in practice, more than two thirds ofthe world’s countries. But certain countries continue tohand down death sentences and carry out executions,often citing security concerns as justification.Security is commonly defined as freedom from dangeror threat, but its interpretation varies considerably due tothe diversity of what constitutes a threat. At its heart, itis a term rooted in political discourse and often used tojustify the implementation of repressive policies,including the application of the death penalty. Thedetermination of who are considered threats, and whoare to be protected is often influenced by powerdynamics, discrimination, and inequality.Public calls for the death penalty are often expressions of fear and despair, triggered by rising violence andcrime rates that States seem unable to address. In such situations, politicians frequently present the deathpenalty as an easy solution, justifying it with the deterrence theory. This sheet aims at debunking this theory,in order to transform the security narrative that provides for the death penalty.The deterrence theory is based on the idea that the object of punishment is not only to prevent crime to becommitted a second time but also to set an example to other persons who have criminal tendencies.According to this theory, people would refrain from committing murder, or any other crimes punishable bydeath, out of fear of execution. At its most basic level, deterrence is typically understood as operating withina theory of choice in which would-be offenders balance the benefits and costs of crime.In this theory, as capital punishment is worse than any other penalties, it must lead to fewer crimes beingcommitted, but what does empirical research tell us?1 Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions in 2023 (29 May 2024).WHAT IS THE DETERRENCE THEORY?DEBUNKING THE DETERRENCE THEORYWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the Death Penalty2Abolitionists often say that there is no evidence that the death penalty deters crime and that claims to thecontrary are impossible to prove. Why is that?THE PROBLEM OF METHODOLOGY IN ACADEMIC STUDIES• Psychological studiesBecause it would be morally repugnant to conduct random experiments on human beings in the use of capitalpunishment, it remains difficult, if not impossible, to find empirical data on the deterrent effects of the threatof capital punishment that would utterly persuade a committed proponent of the death penalty to change hisor her mind.• Econometric studiesThere is extensive research on the econometric and statistical methods used in the USA to estimate the effectof the death penalty on homicide rates. However, there is no consensus on the statistical methodology forstudying the deterrent effect of the death penalty and in the end, none of the existing studies has proved oneway or another that the death penalty is, or isn’t, a deterrent2. Why is that?The very first problem faced by statisticians is getting reliable data. In some retentionist countries, informationrelated to the death penalty is considered a state secret (China, Vietnam…) and in many others, it is not madeavailable to the public (Singapore, Malaysia…). Even in retentionist countries where information on the deathpenalty and on crime is made available, it is often extremely incomplete. For example, it is difficult to know forwhich crime people were sentenced to death and/or executed, how many people convicted of capital crimeswere sentenced to death and had later their sentence commuted on appeal or were granted a pardon. It iseven more difficult to track down how many people who committed a capital crime have not been sentencedto death and what their sentence was (life sentence without the possibility of parole, life sentence with thepossibility of parole, sentences of less than life…) It is also difficult to find data on the time actually served forconvicted criminals who are paroled or who serve less than a life sentence.Another problem regarding the data is linked to the very small numbers used in statistical models. Theprobability of most people committing a murder is so small that as a practical matter it can be treated as zero.Similarly, the probability of someone being executed is even smaller, with most retentionist countriesexecuting less than one person a year.3 Empirically, capital punishment is too infrequent to have a measurableeffect4.It is also very difficult to integrate in the statistical model factors beyond the death penalty. There are multiplevariables and factors influencing crime rates, and the death penalty, if it has any influence, is only one of them.The use of the death penalty, for example, evolves over time as a result, among other things, of a complexinterplay of crime trends, social norms, criminal justice budgets, and election results. Because executions arenot conducted in the context of a carefully controlled experimental setting, other factors that affect thehomicide rate may coincide with the execution event. Because most research so far has failed to integratethese external factors, small changes in the models used often lead to very different estimates of deterrenceeffects, in some case changing from positive to negative or vice versa.2 For extensive research on methodology, see: D. Nagin and J. Pepper, "Deterrence and the Death Penalty," Committee onLaw and Justice at the National Research Council, April 2012.3 Richard Berk, “New Claims about Executions and General Deterrence: Déjà Vu All Over Again?” Journal of Empirical LegalStudies, Vol. 2, Issue 2 -303-330, July 2005.4 Dr. Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke Eisen, and Julia Bowling, “What Caused The Crime Decline?” Brennan Center for Justice,2015, p43-45.WHY IS IT SO DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE DETERENT EFFECT OF THE DEATH PENALTY?3Another basic problem is that little is known about how those who may commit murder or any other crimepunishable by death perceive the death penalty. As it is impossible to empirically measure offenders’perceptions of the probability of execution (see point above on psychological studies), researchers have useddata on crimes and executions to construct statistics that purport to measure the objective risk of executionassuming that potential murderers have “rational expectations” and carefully assess the risk of execution.However,“it is debatable whether an individual even engages in such objective calculations beforecommitting a crime. Much psychological and sociological research suggests that manycriminal acts are crimes of passion or committed in a heated moment based only onimmediate circumstances, and thus potential offenders may not consider or weigh longer-term possibilities of punishment and capture, including the possibility of capitalpunishment.”5Even if people contemplating murder make objective calculations, there are many complications in calculatingthe objective risk of execution, including access to data and other external factors.6 These many complicationsmake it clear that, even with a concerted effort by careful, conscientious researchers to collect and analyzerelevant data on death sentences and executions, assessing the objective risk of execution faced by a personwho is likely to commit murder is a "daunting challenge”.7It is also clear that the perception of this risk by people contemplating murder must be, at best, highlyimpressionistic. When these probabilities are multiplied together, the probability of execution is small, andtherefore the possibility of being executed may never influence a criminal decision.THE VIEWS OF LEADING CRIMINOLOGISTSA study conducted by Michael Radelet and Traci Lacock in 2009 asked the opinions of the USA’s topcriminologists on the deterrence effects of the death penalty. The conclusion is that “the consensus amongcriminologists is that the death penalty does not add any significant effect above that of long-termimprisonment.”85 Dr. Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke Eisen, and Julia Bowling, “What Caused The Crime Decline?” Brennan Center for Justice,2015, p43-45.6 Dr. Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke Eisen, and Julia Bowling, “What Caused The Crime Decline?” Brennan Center for Justice,2015, p43-45.7 D. Nagin and J. Pepper, "Deterrence and the Death Penalty," Committee on Law and Justice at the National ResearchCouncil, April 2012.8 Michael L. Radelet & Traci L. Lacock “Recent developments, Do executions lower homicide rates?: the views of leadingcriminologists”, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 99, No. 2, pp. 489-508.4COMPARING MURDER RATES BEFORE AND AFTER ABOLITIONAccording to the deterrence theory, as capital punishment is worse than other penalties, it must lead to fewercrimes being committed in countries that still have the death penalty. On the other hand, countries that haveabolished capital punishment should inevitably experience more murders. However, when we compare theintentional homicide rates of several abolitionist countries9 since they have abolished the death penalty10,findings show quite the opposite: overall, homicide rates tend to decrease over time.• In Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Poland, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, South Africa, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia,and Albania, countries with a variety of geographical and cultural settings, there was an average ofdecline in murder rates in the decade following the abolition of the death penalty, as shown in thegraphs below. Between these 11 cou [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/EN_JM2024_Deterrence_Final.pdf ) [157] => Array ( [objectID] => 26062 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – German [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_allemand.pdf ) [158] => Array ( [objectID] => 26057 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Italian [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-italian/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_italien.pdf ) [159] => Array ( [objectID] => 26055 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Japanese [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-japanese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_japonais.pdf ) [160] => Array ( [objectID] => 26053 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Luganda [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-luganda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_luganda.pdf ) [161] => Array ( [objectID] => 26051 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Swahili [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-swahili/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_swahili.pdf ) [162] => Array ( [objectID] => 25977 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Tagalog [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-tagalog/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_tagalog.pdf ) [163] => Array ( [objectID] => 25968 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Urdu [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-urdu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_urdu.pdf ) [164] => Array ( [objectID] => 25950 [title] => 22nd World Day Against the Death Penalty – FACTS AND FIGURES [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/22nd-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-facts-and-figures/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONISTCOUNTRIESMore than two thirds of countries in the world haveabolished the death penalty in law or in practice1:• 112 countries2 abolished the death penalty for allcrimes.• 9 countries3 abolished the death penalty for ordinarycrimes only, with exceptions placed on crimescommitted in times of war, under military law or otherexceptional circumstances.• 23 countries4 can be considered abolitionist inpractice as they have not held an execution for the last10 years and are believed to have a policy or establishedpractice of not carrying out executions.• In total 144 countries have abolished the deathpenalty in law or in practice.• 55 countries5 still uphold and use the death penalty.• 16 countries6 were known to have carried outexecutions in 2023.• In 2023, the recorded top five executioners were, indescending order: China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Somaliaand the USA.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSGLOBAL ABOLITION OF THE DEATHPENALTYThe number of countries known to have carried outexecutions has decreased – 16 in 2023 as compared to20 in 2022, and numerous countries continue to takesteps towards abolition, solidifying the internationaltrend. Important legislative steps have been taken to1 Assessment of trends in 2023 based on Amnesty International, Global ReportDeath sentences and executions. 2023https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/2 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi,Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia,Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Fiji, France,Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marshall Islands,Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro,Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua,Niue, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao TomeAnd Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia,Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay,Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela.3 Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Israel,Peru, Zambia.reduce the scope of the death penalty or abolish italtogether in Pakistan, Malaysia, Ghana and Zimbabwein 2023.Russia and Tajikistan are still observing an officialmoratorium on executions.The European Convention on Human Rights ProtocolNo. 13 for abolition in all circumstances was signed byAzerbaijan in March 2023 and ratified by Armenia inFebruary 2024.In May 2024, Ivory Coast ratified the Second Optionalprotocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of thedeath penalty.[3] DEATH SENTENCES ANDEXECUTIONS2023 saw the highest number of executions in the pastseven years, with at least 1,153 executions recordedwhile at least 2,428 death sentences were handed downin 52 countries (compared to approx. 883 executionsand 2,016 death sentences in 2022).According to Amnesty International, 31 women wereknown to have been executed: 24 in Iran, 6 in SaudiArabia and 1 in Singapore. Because of a lack ofinformation and/or transparency from manyretentionist governments, such as China whose figurescould not be incorporated in the above number, thosefigures are the lowest that could be determined. Assuch, the number of executions and death sentencesare likely to be underestimated. At the end of 2023,27,687 people were known to be under sentence ofdeath.4 Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ghana, Grenada,Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco/WesternSahara, Niger, Russia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga,Tunisia.5 Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belarus, Belize, Botswana, China, Comoros, Cuba, Democratic Republic of theCongo, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Malaysia, Myanmar,Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine (State of), Qatar, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago,Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen,Zimbabwe.6 A figure followed with a “+” indicates the lowest reliable number of peopleexecuted although it is believed by Amnesty International that more peoplehave been executed in reality; a “+” without any figure means AmnestyInternational have corroborated more than one executions but had no sufficientinformation to provide a credible: Afghanistan (+), Bangladesh (5), China (+),Egypt (8), Iran (853+), Iraq (16+), Kuwait (5), North Korea (+), Palestine (Stateof) (+), Saudi Arabia (172), Singapore (5), Somalia (38+), Syria (+), USA (24), VietNam (+), Yemen (15+).FACTS AND FIGURESWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024Security and the Death Penalty[Americas]For the 15th consecutive year, the United States was theonly nation to carry out executions in the Americas. Thenumber of executions carried out in the country was 24,including 23 men and one transgender woman. Thisnumber represents an increase of 33% compared to2022, when 18 executions were carried out. Also, thenumber of death sentences handed down increasedcompared to previous years going from 21 in 2022 to25 in 2023. Five US states has proceeded to executionsin 2023, minus one state compared to 2022. Six men arestill facing capital punishment before unfair militarycommissions at the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay,Cuba. The military authorities had not carried outexecutions since 1961. Outside the United States, onlyGuyana and Trinidad and Tobago handed downrespectively 7 and 3 new death sentences in 2023.[Asia-Pacific]Asia continues to be the region with the highest numberof executions in the world, and the death penalty wasextensively used for offenses that are not of “mostserious crimes”. Human rights organizations working inand on China estimate the number of its executions in2023 was in the thousands; figures pertaining to thedeath penalty remain a state secret in China, as in NorthKorea and Viet Nam. Overall, six countries7 recordedexecutions, an increase from five in 2022. Nevertheless,no executions were recorded in Japan and Myanmar,countries which carried out executions in 2022. Theregion also saw an increase in the number of new deathsentences - 948 in 2023, as compared to 861 in 2022.However, recorded death sentences have lowered inIndia (165 to 120) and Myanmar (37 to 19). In Maldives,many people who were below 18 years old at the timeof the offence remain under sentence of death.[Middle East & North Africa]In Middle East and North Africa, known executions wentup by 30%, with 8 countries8 carrying out 1,073recorded executions in 2023 while it was 825 in 2022.This sharp increase is largely due to the practice ofjudicial executions used among repression in Iran (80%)and Saudi Arabia (16%) which carried out 96% ofrecorded executions in the region. In both countries,death penalty was highly used for drug-relatedoffences. Recorded death sentences also increased inthe region, going from 827 in 2022 to 950 in 2023 andwere imposed in 17 countries compared to 16 in 2022.Significant reductions in death sentences wererecorded in Egypt (24 to 8),Kuwait (7 to 5), Saudi Arabia (196 to 172).[Sub-Saharan Africa]In 2023, the only country known to have carried outexecutions in Sub-Saharan Africa was Somalia.Nevertheless, there was a significant increase inrecorded executions and death sentences. In 2023, 494death sentences were handed down in 14 countries and38 individuals were executed - compared to 298convictions in 16 countries and 11 executions,respectively in 2022.[4] EXECUTION METHODSExecutions in 2023 were carried out primarily throughbeheading (Saudi Arabia), hanging (Bangladesh, Egypt,Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Singapore, South Sudan, Syria), lethalinjection (China, United Sates, Vietnam) and shooting(Afghanistan, China, North Korea (Democratic People’sRepublic of Korea), Palestine (State of), Somalia,Yemen).[5] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONProgress towards abolition has been made through theadoption of international treaties, whereby Statespledge not to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at theabolition of the death penalty has been ratified by 91States as of May 2024.• Protocol to the American Convention on HumanRights on the abolition of the death penalty, has beenratified by 13 States in the Americas.• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protectionof Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has nowbeen ratified by 46 European States and signed by 1other.• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human RightsConvention concerning the abolition of the deathpenalty in all circumstances has been ratified by 45European States and signed by 1 other.Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides forthe abolition of the death penalty in times of peace,whereas Protocol No. 13 provides for its total abolition.The Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights as well theProtocol to the American Convention on Human Rightsalso provide for the total abolition of the death penaltybut give the party States the possibility to make anexception during times of war.7Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, North Korea, Singapore, V [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/FactsFigures2024_EN_Final.pdf ) [165] => Array ( [objectID] => 25941 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Portuguese [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-portuguese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => A PENA DE MORTE NÃO PROTEGE NINGUÉMABOLIÇÃO JÁ. 10 DE OUTUBRO 2024/2025 DIA MUNDIAL CONTRAA PENA DE MORTEwww.worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/portuguese_wc_2024.pdf ) [166] => Array ( [objectID] => 25917 [title] => Why is the Death Penalty not the answer to Rape? [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/why-is-the-death-penalty-not-the-answer-to-rape/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Why-is-the-Death-Penalty-not-the-answer-to-Rape-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Every October 10th, the World Coalition against the death penalty and its members celebrates the World Day against the Death penalty. In 2024 and 2025, the abolitionist movement will focus on challenging the widespread misconception that the death penalty enhances safety for individuals and communities. [texte] => Every October 10th, the World Coalition against the death penalty and its members celebrates the World Day against the Death penalty. In 2024 and 2025, the abolitionist movement will focus on challenging the widespread misconception that the death penalty enhances safety for individuals and communities. (more…) "Why is the Death Penalty not the answer to Rape?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [167] => Array ( [objectID] => 25904 [title] => Côte d’Ivoire Accedes to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cote-divoire-accedes-to-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-iccpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Côte d’Ivoire has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 3 May 2024. [texte] => Côte d’Ivoire has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 3 May 2024. (more…) "Côte d’Ivoire Accedes to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [168] => Array ( [objectID] => 26379 [title] => Lethal Election: How the U.S. Electoral Process Increases the Arbitrariness of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1719792000 [date] => 01/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lethal-election-how-the-u-s-electoral-process-increases-the-arbitrariness-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Key Findings Elected supreme court justices in Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio are twice as likely to affirm death penalty cases during an election year than in any other year. This effect is statistically significant when controlling for the number of cases each year. Changing public opinion means that zealous support for the death penalty is no longer a litmus test for elected officials in many death penalty jurisdictions. Today’s elections feature viable candidates who criticize use of the death penalty and pledge reforms or even non-use, reflecting the significant decline in public support for the death penalty. Elected governors were more likely to grant clemency in the past when they did not face voters in an upcoming election. Concerns about voter “backlash” have eased today with declining public support and low numbers of new death sentences and executions, and have led to an increased number of prisoners benefiting from clemency grants, especially mass grants, in recent years. [texte] => Lethal Election: How the U.S. Electoral Process Increases the Arbitrariness of the Death PenaltyPosted on Jul 01, 2024Read the Full Report Press ReleaseKey FindingsUpElected supreme court justices in Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio are twice as likely to affirm death penalty cases during an election year than in any other year. This effect is statistically significant when controlling for the number of cases each year. Changing public opinion means that zealous support for the death penalty is no longer a litmus test for elected officials in many death penalty jurisdictions. Today’s elections feature viable candidates who criticize use of the death penalty and pledge reforms or even non-use, reflecting the significant decline in public support for the death penalty. Elected governors were more likely to grant clemency in the past when they did not face voters in an upcoming election. Concerns about voter “backlash” have eased today with declining public support and low numbers of new death sentences and executions, and have led to an increased number of prisoners benefiting from clemency grants, especially mass grants, in recent years. Illustrative Political Ads [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/lethal-election ) [169] => Array ( [objectID] => 25885 [title] => What China’s report to the United Nations tells us about transparency and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1719532800 [date] => 28/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-chinas-report-to-the-united-nations-tells-us-about-transparency-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In January 2024, China underwent its fourth Universal Periodic Review (UPR) by the UN Human Rights Council. While in all previous reviews, the death penalty was mentioned in the Chinese state report, nothing was reported this year. [texte] => In January 2024, China underwent its fourth Universal Periodic Review (UPR) by the UN Human Rights Council. While in all previous reviews, the death penalty was mentioned in the Chinese state report, nothing was reported this year. (more…) "What China’s report to the United Nations tells us about transparency and the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [170] => Array ( [objectID] => 25861 [title] => A decrease in the number of countries with the death penalty worldwide, despite an increase in executions [timestamp] => 1718841600 [date] => 20/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-decrease-in-the-number-of-countries-with-the-death-penalty-worldwide-despite-an-increase-in-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Capture-decran-2024-06-14-145232-500x280.png [extrait] => On 29 May 2024, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that in 2023 the lowest number of countries on record carried out the highest number of known executions in close to a decade. [texte] => On 29 May 2024, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that in 2023 the lowest number of countries on record carried out the highest number of known executions in close to a decade. (more…) "A decrease in the number of countries with the death penalty worldwide, despite an increase in executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [171] => Array ( [objectID] => 24045 [title] => “Frightening” increase of executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1718841600 [date] => 20/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/frightening-increase-of-executions-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-final-1-500x280.png [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) reports that at least 243 people, including 10 women, have been executed in 2024, as of 15 June. In 2023, the number of people executed has increased from 582 to 834. At least 471 people were executed for drug-related offenses. This represent a 84% increase compared to 2022 (256). [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) reports that at least 243 people, including 10 women, have been executed in 2024, as of 15 June. In 2023, the number of people executed has increased from 582 to 834. At least 471 people were executed for drug-related offenses. This represent a 84% increase compared to 2022 (256). (more…) "“Frightening” increase of executions in Iran " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [172] => Array ( [objectID] => 25721 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 [timestamp] => 1718150400 [date] => 12/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/affiche-WC-2024-AN-BD.pdf ) [173] => Array ( [objectID] => 25702 [title] => MOBILIZATION KIT World Day Against the Death Penalty 2024 – 2025 Security and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1718150400 [date] => 12/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-10-october-2024-2025-security-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => MOBILIZATION KITWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the death penaltySince 2003, the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty (World Coalition) hasbeen organizing local initiatives andglobal actions that shine a spotlight onthe abolition of the death penalty. ThisMobilization Kit is designed to help local,regional and global actors understand theobjectives of the World Day Against theDeath Penalty (World Day) and organizeactivities that will mobilize theircommunities in favor of abolition.The World Day happens every 10 Octoberwith the aim of raising awareness of thedeath penalty among political leaders andthe general public, in both retentionist andabolitionist countries. The objective is tomaintain and share a sense of abolitionand of justice without the death penalty,particularly for future generations. Thisday also serves to bring abolitionistmovements together, and to provideglobal support to the sometimes-isolatedactions on the ground.Every World Day focuses on a specificissue related to the death penalty, such aspoverty (2017) and gender (2021). In2024 and 2025, it will explore the link withsecurity, aiming to challenge themisconception that the death penalty canmake people and communities safer.For more information, go to:www.worldcoalition.org/worlddayJOIN USADDITIONAL MATERIALSCONTACT USWHAT’S INSIDE?ARGUMENTS AGAINST THEDEATH PENALTYPRESENTATIONORGANIZE EVENTSWORLD DAY TOOLS YOU CANUSE34510 things you can do to end the death penalty10 practical worksheets to help you10 tips for a successful event561314151717WebsitesFilm selectionVideos151516Art Exhibitions and Artwork 16Security is commonly defined as freedom from danger or threat, but its interpretationvaries considerably due to the diversity of what constitutes a threat. At its heart, it is aterm rooted in political discourse and often used to justify the implementation ofrepressive policies, including the application of the death penalty by States. Powerdynamics, discrimination and inequalities significantly influence who is identified as"dangerous" and who is given protection.The idea that the death penalty has a deterrent effect on crime is often used to justify itsapplication, despite no evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively thanother punishments. In fact, studies show that abolitionist States have lower crime ratesthan those that retain the death penalty. Moreover, in the context of armed conflicts,capital punishment fails to resolve disputes and can even perpetuate cycles of violence,as it is often used arbitrarily for military control and settling scores.It is undeniable that the death penalty does not protect individuals and societies, becauseit threatens human dignity and reinforces social and economic disparities bydisproportionately affecting marginalized groups. To achieve effective long-termsolutions, we need to tackle the root causes of crime and violence. The human securityapproach broadens our understanding of security by highlighting the links betweenviolent conflict, socio-economic disparities, and human rights violations. It proposespreventive security measures like disarmament and inclusive governance systems.Furthermore, other security practices redefine who serves as protection providers,promoting community responsibility and mediation, as well as restorative andtransformative justice.PRESENTATIONThe main objective of this World Day is to raise public awareness that the death penaltycannot provide security, in order to encourage critical thinking and mobilize support forthe abolition of the death penalty worldwide.To do so, the World Coalition and its member organizations have identified specificobjectives:Support abolitionist activities by sharing important tools for advocacy andmobilization.Share the stories of persons sentenced to death, victims’ families, law enforcementofficials and other people affected by capital punishment.Work with civil society organizations that promote holistic approaches to security.3OBJECTIVESNo State should have the power to take a person’s life.It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from error and innocent people are likely to besentenced to death or executed.It is unfair.The death penalty is discriminatory and is used disproportionately againstpeople from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, people with intellectual orpsychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In somecountries, the death penalty is used to target groups on the basis of their sexualorientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facingexecution inflict extreme psychological and physical suffering, and execution is a physicaland mental assault.It denies any possibility of rehabilitation.It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches theprinciples of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyonehas the right to life and that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment. On nine occasions, the United Nations GeneralAssembly has called for the establishment of a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty (resolutions No. 62/149 in 2007, No. 63/168 in 2008, No. 65/206 in 2010, 67/176in 2012, No. 69/186 in 2014, No. 71/187 in 2016 and No. 73/175 in 2018 and No. 75/183in 2020 and No. 77/222 in 2022).It creates unjustifiable pain for everyone in contact with it: particularly the relatives ofboth victims and people sentenced to death, including children, with harshtransgenerational consequences.It is counterproductive, because killing of a human being as a criminal justice solutionendorses murder more than it fights it.It is inefficient and does not keep society safer. It has never been conclusively shown thatthe death penalty deters crime more effectively than life imprisonment. On the contrary,studies show that the rate of the most violent crimes is higher in retentionist countriesthan in abolitionist countries.Many murder victims’ families do not want the death penalty. A large and growingnumber of victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking outagainst it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does notheal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and/or religious beliefs.ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY4ORGANIZE EVENTSBelow are suggestions to spark ideas for taking action during this World Day!Wherever you are – in Africa, in the Americas, in Asia, in Oceania or in Europe,Whoever you are – artists, citizens, elected representatives, journalists, lawyers,members of Parliament, NGOs, teachers, religious leaders,Whatever your project is – concerts, cultural and educational activities, debates,demonstrations, press conferences, movie screenings.10 THINGS YOU CAN DO TO END THE DEATH PENALTYOrganize a gathering online or in person. It can take the shape of a demonstration, an escapegame, a webinar, a remote workshop, or a conversation to create awareness (invite a speakeror read testimonies to provoke discussion), a debate or a movie screening with families ofvictims or of people sentenced to death, exonerees, their lawyers and experts, an art exhibition(of artwork made by people sentenced to death, of photographs of death row, of drawings orposters) or a theater performance.See worksheet No. 1, worksheet No. 2, w orksheet No. 3, worksheet No. 4, worksheet No. 7 and worksheetNo. 8Learn and engage with grassroots practices that promote healing and accountability processesin your community. It could be indigenous or community-led practices that work with peoplewho suffer and cause harm, like restorative or transformative justice.See worksheet No. 9Build partnerships with minority group’s rights organizations (women, LGBTQIA+ people,religious minorities, ethnic minorities...) to raise awareness of the aggravating threats ofdiscrimination. Ask for a meeting, collaborate together for a World Day activity, radio broadcast,event, or joint declaration.See worksheet No. 10Lobby politicians to abolish the death penalty and implement preventive security policies.Check out our guide on working with parliamentarians for abolition:www.worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-parliamentarians-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty.Promote a culture of peace in your community and beyond. Advocate for policies and actionsthat foster dialogue and nonviolent conflict resolution. Educate yourself and others to bepeacebuilders.See worksheet No. 9510 PRACTICAL WORKSHEETS TO HELP YOUJoin the events prepared for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide.Donate to a group working to end the death penalty in your country, region or worldwide.Follow the social media campaign on Facebook, Instagram and X (Twitter) and launch yourown using: #nodeathpenaltySee worksheet No. 6Mobilize the media to challenge the security narrative that supports the death penalty. Callfor interviews with specialists, testimonies from victims, investigations on local cases andraising awareness campaigns that address the root causes of harm and violence.See worksheet No. 5Participate in Cities Against the Death Penalty/Cities for Life on 30 November 2024 and2025.First, find out information on the legal conditions, the requiredauthorizations for a demonstration, the prerequisite declarations or thedelay, and the sanitary requirements.Define the message you would like to spread: do you want to point a specificcase out or to call on political leaders or public opinion?Put an “organizing group” in place to welcome people and answer theirquestions, share materials, and explain the rules.No matter what event you choose to plan, the most important is tocommunicate! Before the event, contact and invite local media (seeworksheet No. 7) and/or create an event on social media to spot as manypeople as possible. Send an emai [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/WD2024-Mobilization-Kit-EN-1.pdf ) [174] => Array ( [objectID] => 25659 [title] => Leaflet – World Day 2024 & 2025 [timestamp] => 1717977600 [date] => 10/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2024-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every 10th October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide celebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It is an occasion to highlight the progress achieved in the global campaign for the abolition of capital punishment. In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as an opportunity to challenge […] [texte] => Every 10th October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide celebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It is an occasion to highlight the progress achieved in the global campaign for the abolition of capital punishment. In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as an opportunity to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer. 1WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYEvery 10th October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide celebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It is an occasion to highlight the progress achieved in the global campaign for the abolition of capital punishment. In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as an opportunity to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer.The abolition of the death penalty has continued to gain ground around the world. Today, 1441 States are abolitionist in law or in practice, more than two thirds of the world’s countries. But certain countries continue to hand down death sentences and carry out executions, often citing security concerns as justification.Security is commonly defined as freedom from danger or threat, but its interpretation varies considerably due to diverse opinions on what constitutes a threat. At its heart, it is a term rooted in political discourse and often used as a political tactic to influence public opinion and justify security policies. The determination of who are considered threats, and who are to be protected is often influenced by power dynamics, discrimination, and inequality. When applied to criminal justice, security offenses are in many cases broadly defined and can be open to abuse. Using the “security argument” at best politicizes a judicial procedure that is supposed to be impartial and fair, and at worst provides a context for human rights abuses in the name of State protection.Public calls for the death penalty are often expressions of fear and despair, triggered by rising violence and crime rates that States seem unable to address, making the death penalty appear as an easy solution. The deterrence theory is often used as a justification to retain this cruel punishment, despite no evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than other sentences. In fact, studies indicate that abolitionist States have lower crime rates than those retaining the death penalty. Moreover, in the context of armed conflicts, capital punishment fails to resolve disputes and can even perpetuate cycles of violence, as it is often used arbitrarily for military control and settling scores.It is undeniable that the death penalty does not protect individuals and societies because it threatens human dignity and reinforces social and economic disparities by disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. To achieve effective long-term solutions, we must prioritize people's concerns and tackle the root causes of crime and violence. The human security 1 AmnestyInternational,Deathsentencesandexecutionsin2023(29May2024).22nd WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY2approach broadens our understanding of security by explaining the various interrelated threats to “the right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair”2. It proposes preventive security measures like disarmament and inclusive governancesystems. Furthermore, other security practices redefine who serves as protection providers, promoting community accountability and mediation, as well as restorative and transformative justice. INTERNATIONAL NORMS: THE RIGHT TO SECURITY WHAT IS THE DETERRENCE THEORY?It asserts that people will refrain from committing murder, or other crimes punishable by death, out of fear of execution.Please see the “Debunking the Deterrence Theory Factsheet” on our website to learn about the different research that challenges this theory.— The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, article 3, states that “everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.”— Other human rights mechanisms also link the right to securityto the right to liberty, as in:* International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 (art. 9)* European Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 (art. 5)* American Convention on Human Rights of 1969(art. 7.1)* African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of1981 (art. 6)* Arab Charter on Human Rights of 2004 (art. 14) * Association of Southeast Asian NationsDeclaration on Human Rights, 2012 (art. 12)— Furthermore, the right to security is also related to the rightto peace in:* African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981 (art. 23)* Association of Southeast Asian Nations Declaration on Human Rights, 2012 (art. 38)— In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 66/290 which stated that “human security is an approach to assist Member States in identifying and addressing widespread and cross- cutting challenges to the survival, livelihood and dignity of their people.”2 UnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyResolution66/290(10September2012). 3 More information on human security is available at: https://www.un.org/humansecurity/what-is-human-security/3 WHAT IS HUMAN SECURITY? An approach that recognizes that socio-economic disparities and human rights violations originate and increase the risk of instability and violence. Thus, to be protected, people need to have their basic rights and freedoms upheld.3 WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYOur deep thanks to the individuals who shared their stories and to the organizations which sent them.For additional, full-length testimonies, please read “Insecurity Revealed: Voices Against the Death Penalty” on our website. The following personal stories have been edited for length. TAIWANEssen Leeis a Taiwanese lawyer and a victim’s family member.“Because my grandmother died in a robbery, suffering froma head injury and intracranial bleeding, and eventually left us due to brain death. At that time, and even now, I also had the urge to seek revenge. The desire for revenge stems from the deep hurt I experienced, which is the expression of a victim. [...] Through the process of studying law, I gradually understood the reasons and context of crimes. If we examine the life experiences of each defendant, they may have been victims to some extent or in other events. The causes of crimes, whether near or far, are often related to the repressed, frustrated, unaccepted, marginalized, discriminated, or victimized experiences of the perpetrators. Through this learning process, I have transformed my hatred towards "criminals" into sighs for the past lives of the "defendants," and I am able to take the "causes of crime" more seriously. The death penalty would obscure the pursuit of the causes of crime, leadingus to mistakenly believe that the victims have been supported.”Essen Lee’s story was shared by the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty “The death penalty would obscure the pursuit of the causes of crime, leading us to mistakenly believe that the victims have been supported.”22nd WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY4 N A R IAnonymousprison guard that served in an Iranian prison for almost a decade.“I saw some very unpleasant scenes in those years. The people who were sentenced to be executed; they would not let go of their children when visitation time was over. For example, they would cry, their kids wouldn’t leave their arms ... I saw all the inmates’ problems and their families and couldn’t do anything for them, it was very painful for me...In one or two instances, I had to bring the corpse down myself because no one stayed to help [...] with all the sadness and pain. Because the [inmate] who I spoke to three days ago is now being executed in front of my eyes or I’m putting him inside the body bag myself to leave and never return. It was a very, very horrific scene. These executions truly affected my life, my psyche and nerves, and it affected my everything. Many times, when I came home, I could not eat [...] I was always someone who, between friends and acquaintances and family, was 100% identified as a happy person. I lost my spirits. I mean when I would come home, I was in my thoughts a lot of the time... sometimes I would not even leave the house. I mean, for up to two or three months, according to my family, I talked in my sleep, or I would shout in my sleep, and I was sad.”Anonymous story shared by Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran TUNISIAKhedija Arfaouiis a Tunisian academic, feminist and abolitionist activist and founding member of the National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM).“When I learned that my son, he was my youngest, Dali and his wife, had been murdered along with 37 other people, in Istanbul, on the first of January 2017, [...] I was so stunned. Several people were saying, "Ah, if I catch him, I'll kill him!" No, my concern was not to kill the one who had killed, because no one has the right to kill. Only God has the right, only God gives life and death. That's the way I see it. Will killing these criminals bring the dead back to life? No. I'm against the death penalty. I'm not going to be like [...] the father of the child who was killed, [who] went to kiss his son's murderer, I won't go that far. I can never forgive the man who killed my children, I can never forgive him. But I don't want him executed. [...] I was and remain fundamentally and consciously against the death penalty.”Khedija Arfaoui’s story was shared by the National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM)5WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGOSifa Wembohas been on death row in the DRC since 2022.“I'm the mother of two children, and two years ago I was sentenced to death in a trial in which I was unable to defend myself because I had no lawyer. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JM-BROCHURE_EN_V3_BD.pdf ) [175] => Array ( [objectID] => 25624 [title] => REPORT WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY 2023 [timestamp] => 1717718400 [date] => 07/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => REPORT WORLD DAY AGAINST THEDEATH PENALTY 20232Table of contentsFOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................. 3Data collection methodology .................................................................................................................. 5I. Continuing Advocacy: Shedding Light on the Relationship between Capital Punishment and Tortureor other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ........................................................... 81. Raising awareness: Understanding the links between the death penalty and torture or othercruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ..................................................................... 82. Create and share World Day tools to support advocacy on these issues ....................................... 83. Distribution of the tools created ..................................................................................................... 9II. Encourage local initiatives and strengthen abolitionist civil society ................................................. 101. Local initiatives supported by the World Coalition .................................................................. 102. Local initiatives organized by members for World Day 2023 .................................................. 103. Details of the global mobilization .................................................................................................. 113.1 Americas .................................................................................................................................. 113.2 Asia .......................................................................................................................................... 113.3 Europe ..................................................................................................................................... 123.4 Middle East and North Africa .................................................................................................. 133.4 Sub-Saharan Africa .................................................................................................................. 14III. World Day 2023 Coverage ................................................................................................................ 151. Institutional and media coverage of World Day 2023 ............................................................. 151.1 Institutional resonance .................................................................................................... 151.2 Media coverage of World Day 2023 ................................................................................ 161.3 Social media coverage of World Day 2023 ...................................................................... 17VI. Impact of World Days 2022-2023 .................................................................................................... 191. Progress in the recognition of the death penalty as equivalent to torture or other cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ............................................................................. 192. Other impacts of World Day Against the Death Penalty .......................................................... 20VI. Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... 221. About the World Coalition ............................................................................................................ 222. Link to list of all members ............................................................................................................. 223FOREWORDWhy have we chosen torture as the theme for this year's World Day against the Death Penaltyfor the second year running?The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ("World Coalition") aims to strengthen the internationaldimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate goal is the universal abolition of the deathpenalty. In countries where the death penalty is applied, the World Coalition strives to reduce its useby supporting and invoking respect for international human rights standards. Since the creation of theWorld Coalition in 2002, significant progress has been made towards universal abolition of the deathpenalty. Many states that still retain the death penalty either no longer execute or have since restrictedits application.Every October 10, the World Day against the Death Penalty ("World Day") unites the global abolitionistmovement and mobilizes civil society, political leaders, legal experts, the general public and others tosupport the call for universal abolition of capital punishment. This day encourages and consolidatesthe political and general awareness of the worldwide movement against the death penalty.In 2023, the World Day continued to explore the relationship between the application of the deathpenalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, a reflectioninitiated in 2022. By continuing to focus on this theme for the second year in a row, the World Coalitionfor the first time adopted a cyclical approach for the World Day action, replacing a previous 1 year/1theme approach, in favor of a 2 year/1 theme approach. This shift addresses the recommendationsfrom members of the World Coalition and an external consultancy conducted for World Day 2021,while also incorporating the insights and lessons learned from organizing twenty World Days. Notableamong these observations is the need for member organizations of the World Coalition to have moretime to familiarize themselves with the theme and engage in results-oriented advocacy. Additionally,the threshold effect1 observed in event organization over the past 2-3 years raises questions about theSecretariat's role in supporting activity implementation. Furthermore, the new context created by thesuccessful institutionalization of this World Day, established from scratch in 2002, is also considered.This poses the question of what is needed to continue mobilizing efforts for World Day and how theabolitionist movement and member-organizations of the World Coalition can engage in an effectivecampaign. This multi-year approach aims to promote long-term, impact-focused actions. By favoring atwo-year approach, the World Coalition hopes to encourage sustained mobilization around a specifictheme, enabling concrete results to be achieved around the abolition of the death penalty and,pending this, a reduction in the application of this punishment.The aim of the 2023 World Day was therefore to reinforce the links already established in 2022between the application of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment or punishment, namely:• Physical or psychological torture, which has in many cases been used to obtain confessions ofguilt to capital crimes;1 The Global Coalition has observed in recent years that the number of activities organized has not exceeded a certain"threshold."4• “Death row syndrome”, anxiety developed by those under the threat of execution especiallyfor prolonged periods of time, which contributes to the long-term psychological decline of aperson's health;• Harsh living conditions on death row, contributing to physical deterioration;• Execution methods that cause exceptional pain;• The existence of discrimination based on sex, gender, poverty, age, sexual orientation,religious or ethnic minority status and other factors that may aggravate the cruel, inhumanand degrading treatment of people sentenced to death.5Data collection methodologyWith a view to improving and optimizing the way we measure the impact of World Day; this report isbased on the use of new data collection methods that will be integrated into future World Day researchto create more sustainable outputs. To compliment the evolution of World Day theme/cycle as laidout in the introduction of this report, these research innovations represent the first steps in a broaderreflection on how the evaluation of World Day has been carried out to date. To ensure thetransparency and clarity of the data presented in this report, this section details the origin of the datacollected and the methods used to gather it.Data on media coverage and social networks:Media and social network coverage of World Day 2023 was measured using the online monitoring tool"TalkWalker"2. This tool measures a topic's online presence and engagement based on a wide range ofsources including online media, print, radio, and social networks. TalkWalker can measure engagementrates3, reach4 and impressions5 relating to a particular topic in over 187 different languages.For this report, we commissioned TalkWalker to assess the media and social network visibility of WorldDay 2023 from October 1st to 13th, 20236. During this period, TalkWalker analyzed all mentions ofWorld Day and, more broadly, of the abolition of the death penalty7.As far as media coverage is concerned, TalkWalker scrutinized the visibility of the World Day across avariety of sources, including online news, blogs, forums, newspapers, TV, radio, magazines, wireservices, podcasts, and press releases. It should be noted that the data provided for "media coverage"is limited to online media, and does not reflect "total" media coverage, which would include printmedia data. The World Coalition Secretariat has access to print media data only through its memberorganizations and partners who choose to share information for their countries/coverage.For social network coverage, TalkWalker analyzed the World Day's visibility on Twitter, Instagram,Facebook, Youtube, and Tiktok.Data on events organized to mark the World Day:Two approaches have been adopted to identify World Day events:2 See: https://www.talkwalker.com/fr3 Engagement for an article/publication is [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/EN-World-Day-2023-Report-Final-Short-version.pdf ) [176] => Array ( [objectID] => 25612 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 88th CEDAW Session [timestamp] => 1717718400 [date] => 07/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-88th-cedaw-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/88th-CEDAW-Session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 88th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from May 13 to 31, 2024. [texte] => The 88th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from May 13 to 31, 2024. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 88th CEDAW Session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil [1] => Estonia [2] => Kuwait [3] => Malaysia [4] => Montenegro [5] => Republic of Korea [6] => Rwanda [7] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [177] => Array ( [objectID] => 24943 [title] => Indonesian – Laporan Global Amnesty International : hukuman mati dan eksekusi 2023 [timestamp] => 1716940800 [date] => 29/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-laporan-global-amnesty-international-hukuman-mati-dan-eksekusi-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pemantauan yang dilakukan oleh Amnesty Internasional terhadap hukuman mati secara global mencatat terdapat 1.153 eksekusi hukuman mati pada tahun 2023. Angka tersebut menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebanyak 31% dari 883 eksekusi pada tahun 2022. Namun, ada penurunan yang signifikan pada angka negara yang menerapkan hukuman mati. Dari 20 negara pada 2022 menjadi hanya 16 negara di 2023 [texte] => LAPORAN GLOBAL AMNESTY INTERNATIONALHUKUMAN MATIDAN EKSEKUSI2023© Amnesty International 2024Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2020by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton StreetLondon WC1X 0DW, UKIndex: ACT 50/7952/2024 Original language: Englishamnesty.org/amnesty.idAmnesty International adalah sebuah gerakan global dengandukungan lebih dari 10 juta orang yang berkampanye untuk sebuahdunia di mana hak asasi manusia menjadi hak semua orang. Visi kami adalah tempat para penguasa menepati janjinya,menghormati hukum internasional, dan dapat dimintaipertanggungjawaban. Kami bekerja secara independen daripemerintah, ideologi politik, kepentingan ekonomi maupun agama, serta dibiayai secara khusus dari keanggotaan dan donasimasyarakat. Kami percaya dengan bertindak dalam solidaritasdan dengan hati bersama semua orang dapat mengubahmasyarakat menjadi lebih baik. DAFTAR ISINEGARA PELAKSANA EKSEKUSI MATI DI 2023 3LAPORAN ANGKA PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 4PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI PADA TAHUN 2023 5TREN GLOBAL 5EKSEKUSI MATI 7METODE EKSEKUSI MATI DI DUNIA 2023 8VONIS MATI 9KOMUTASI, PENGAMPUNAN, DAN PELEPASAN ATAS TUDUHAN (EXONERATIONS) 10RINGKASAN KAWASAN ASIA-PASIFIK 12TREN REGIONAL 12LAMPIRAN I: EKSEKUSI TERCATAT DAN HUKUMAN MATI PADA TAHUN 2023 19EKSEKUSITERCATAT PADA TAHUN 2023 19HUKUMAN MATITERCATAT PADA TAHUN 2023 20LAMPIRAN II: NEGARA ABOLISIONIS DAN RETENSIONIS PER 31 DESEMBER 2023 21LAMPIRAN III: RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL PER 31 DESEMBER 2023 23LAMPIRAN IV: HASIL PEMUNGUTAN SUARA DEWAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PBB 54/35 DIADOPSIPADA 13 OKTOBER 2023 25HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023 HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL AMNESTY INTERNATIONALNEGARA PELAKSANA EKSEKUSI MATI DI 2023BANGLADESHKOREA UTARASURIAHVIETNAMSURIAHVIETNAMTIONGKOKIRANMESIRIRAKARAB SAUDIASSOMALIAYAMANNEGARA BAGIANPALESTINAKUWAITSINGAPURAAFGHANISTAN8. MESIREksekusi mati menurun sebesar 67% dibandingkan tahun 2022 namun sebanyak 590 vonis hukuman mati telah dijatuhkan.6. IRAKEksekusi mati massal dilakukan terhadap 13 orang di Penjara Pusat Nasiriyah tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.2. IRANEksekusi mati tercatat meningkat 48% dibandingkan tahun 2022, sebagian besar diakibatkan oleh meningkatnya pelanggaran narkotika.1. TIONGKOKMelanjutkan eksekusi mati dan menjatuhkan hukuman mati terhadap ribuan orang, namun jumlahnya dirahasiakan.10. KOREA UTARAHukuman mati kemungkinan besar diterapkan secara konsisten, namun karena pembatasan akses informasi verifikasi independen tidak mungkin dilakukan.12. VIETNAMHukuman mati yang tercatat dilakukan terhadap kejahatan terkait narkotika.4. SOMALIAJumlah eksekusi mati meningkat 6 kali lipat dari 6 pada tahun 2022 menjadi 38 pada tahun 2023.3. ARAB SAUDIEksekusi mati tercatat menurun12% dibandingkan tahun 2022.11. SURIAHEksekusi mati masih diterapkan namun angkanya tidak dapat tersedia.Peta ini menggambarkan lokasi umum terkait batas dan yurisdiksi wilayah dan tidak dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai pandangan Amnesty International atas wilayah yang disengketakan.Dari negara yang mengeksekusi mati pada tahun 2023, 12 negara yang disebutkan pada peta ini telah melaksanakan hukuman mati secara terus menerus selama 5 tahun terakhir+ mengindikasikan jumlah minimum yang dihitung oleh Amnesty International. Di mana + tidak didahului oleh angka, artinya Amnesty International percaya bahwa terdapat lebih dari satu eksekusi mati, namun angkanya tidak dapat dipastikan9. BANGLADESHTercatat vonis mati meningkatmeningkat sebesar 47% dibandingkan tahun 2022.7. YAMANEksekusi mati meningkat hampir 4kali lipat dari 4 pada tahun 2022 menjadi 15 pada tahun 2023.5. AMERIKA SERIKAT Eksekusi mati meningkat 33% dibandingkan tahun 2022, namun angka tersebut merupakan angka terendah sepanjang sejarah.4 HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONALLAPORAN ANGKA PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI AMNESTY INTERNATIONALLaporan ini mencakup penerapan hukuman mati secara yudisial untuk periode Januari hingga Desember 2023. Seperti tahun-tahun sebelumnya, informasi dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber, termasuk: angka resmi; putusan pengadilan; informasi dari individu yang divonis mati dan keluarga serta perwakilan mereka; laporan media; dan, sebagaimana dijelaskan, organisasi masyarakat sipil lainnya. Amnesty International hanya melaporkan eksekusi, hukuman mati dan aspek lain dari penerapan hukuman mati, seperti komutasi dan pelepasan atas tuduhan (exonerations), di mana terdapat konfirmasi data yang memadai. Di banyak negara, pemerintah tidak mempublikasikan informasi tentang penerapan hukuman mati mereka. Di Tiongkok dan Vietnam, data tentang penggunaan hukuman mati diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia negara. Selama tahun 2023, sedikit atau tidak ada informasi yang tersedia untuk beberapa negara -terutama Belarus dan Korea Utara - karena praktik negara yang membatasi informasi.Oleh karena itu, di banyak negara, angka penerapan hukuman mati yang dimiliki Amnesty International hanya berupa batas minimum. Angka keseluruhan yang sebenarnya seringkali lebih tinggi.Pada tahun 2009, Amnesty International berhenti mempublikasikan angka perkiraan tentang penggunaan hukuman mati di Tiongkok, keputusan ini mencerminkan kekhawatiran tentang bagaimana pemerintah Tiongkok salah mengartikan angka yang tercantum di laporan. Amnesty International selalu menjelaskan bahwa angka yang dapat dipublikasikan untuk Tiongkok jauh lebih rendah daripada kenyataannya, karena pembatasan akses informasi. Tiongkok belum mempublikasikan angka penerapan hukuman mati; namun, informasi yang tersedia menunjukkan bahwa setiap tahun ribuan orang dieksekusi dan divonis hukuman mati. Amnesty International mengulangi seruannya terhadap pemerintah Tiongkok untuk mempublikasikan informasi penerapan hukuman mati di Tiongkok.Jika Amnesty International menerima dan dapat memverifikasi informasi baru setelah publikasi laporan ini, kami akan memperbarui angka-angka tersebut secara online di amnesty.org/en/whatwe-do/death-penaltyDalam tabel dan daftar, apabila terdapat tanda "+" setelah angka di samping nama suatu negara - misalnya, Malaysia (38+) - itu berarti bahwa Amnesty International mengkonfirmasi 38 eksekusi, vonis hukuman mati atau orang yang dihukum mati di Malaysia, tetapi meyakini juga bahwa angka sesungguhnya lebih dari 38 kasus. Ketika "+" muncul setelah nama negara tanpa angka - misalnya, Oman (+) - itu berarti bahwa Amnesty International telah mengkonfirmasi eksekusi, vonis hukuman mati atau orang yang dihukum mati (lebih dari satu) di negara tersebut tetapi memiliki informasi yang tidak memadai untuk memberikan angka minimum yang kredibel. Saat menghitung total global dan kawasan, "+" telah dihitung sebagai dua, termasuk untuk Tiongkok.Amnesty International menentang hukuman mati dalam semua kasus tanpa pengecualian terlepas dari sifat atau keadaan kejahatan; kesalahan, kebenaran atau karakteristik lain dari individu; atau metode yang digunakan oleh negara untuk melaksanakan hukuman mati. Organisasi ini berjuang untuk penghapusan total hukuman mati.HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 5PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI PADA TAHUN 2023“Kita tidak bisa sembarangan mengabaikan adanya hak hidup yang melekat pada setiap individu. [...] Hukuman mati belum memberikan hasil yang diharapkan”. Ramkarpal Singh, Wakil Menteri di Departemen Perdana Menteri yang membidangi Hukum dan Reformasi Kelembagaan1TREN GLOBALPemantauan Amnesty International menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2023 memiliki angka terendah dalam negara tercatat yang berkontribusi terhadap angka eksekusi mati tertinggi dalam hampir satu dekade. Angka-angka ini mengkonfirmasi tren-tren dari beberapa tahun terakhir yang menunjukkan isolasi yang semakin meningkat dari negara-negara yang mempertahankan hukuman mati.Tingginya angka eksekusi mati yang tercatat, sebagian besar disebabkan oleh adanya lonjakan eksekusi mati yang mengkhawatirkan untuk kasus-kasus yang terkait dengan narkotika di Iran, yang didorong oleh pengabaian sepenuhnya oleh pihak berwenang terhadap pembatasan internasional tentang penggunaan hukuman mati. Tidak hanya kasus-kasus ini tidak dapat dihukum mati menurut hukum dan standar hak asasi manusia internasional, tetapi juga mereka secara tidak proporsional mempengaruhi komunitas-komunitas paling terpinggirkan di Iran, terutama pria dan wanita dari minoritas etnis Baluchi yang tertindas.Angka total jumlah hukuman mati yang diketahui tidak termasuk ribuan orang yang diyakini telah dieksekusi di Tiongkok, yang tetap menjadi pelaksana hukuman mati terbesar di dunia; serta Korea Utara dan Vietnam, negara-negara yang diyakini terus melaksanakan eksekusi secara luas, tetapi tidak ada data yang tersedia.Kerahasiaan dan pengendalian informasi tentang hukuman mati terus menjadi indikator keteguhan pemerintah di beberapa negara yang melaksanakan eksekusi mati, dalam upaya mereka menerapkan hukuman ini sebagai alat untuk menanamkan rasa takut dan menampilkan kekuatan institusi negara. Angka-angka hukuman mati tetap diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia negara di Tiongkok dan Vietnam. Meskipun pelaporan tentang hukuman mati dan eksekusi sangat dibatasi di kedua negara ini serta Korea Utara, pihak berwenang sesekali membuka informasi pada beberapa kasus sebagai pengingat bahwa kejahatan, atau pelanggaran terhadap 1 Al Jazeera, “Paarlemen Malaysia Akan Menghapus Hukuman Mati Wajib”, 3 April 2023, aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/3/malaysiasparliament-votes-to-abolish-the-death-penalty6 HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONALaturan yang berlaku, akan dihuk [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Rapport-Amnesty-Indonesien.pdf ) [178] => Array ( [objectID] => 24952 [title] => Swahili – Ripoti ya kimataifa ya amnesty international: hukumu za kifo na watu walioadhibiwa kifo 2023 [timestamp] => 1716940800 [date] => 29/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/swahili-ripoti-ya-kimataifa-ya-amnesty-international-hukumu-za-kifo-na-watu-walioadhibiwa-kifo-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ufuatiliaji wa Amnesty International wa matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo duniani ulibaini watu1,153 wanaofahamika kuwa walinyongwa mwaka 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia31 kutoka 883 mwaka 2022. Hata hivyo nchi zinazowanyonga watu zilipungua kwakiwango kikubwa kutoka 20 mwaka 2022 hadi 16 mwaka 2023 [texte] => HUKUMU ZA KIFO NAWATU WALIOADHIBIWAKIFO2023RIPOTI YA KIMATAIFA YA AMNESTY INTERNATIONALAmnesty International ni shirika la watu milioni 10 ambalohuhamasisha ubinadamu wa kila mmoja wetu na kuendeshakampeni ya kuleta mabadiliko ili kwamba sisi sote tuwezekufurahia haki zetu za binadamu. Dira yetu ni kuwa na duniaambayo wenye madaraka wanatimiza ahadi zao, wanaheshimusheria za kimataifa na kuwajibishwa. Hatufungamani naserikali, itikadi ya kisiasa, maslahi ya kiuchumi, au dini yoyotena kwa sehemu kubwa tunafadhiliwa na wanachama wetu namichango ya watu binafsi. Tunaamini kwamba kwa kufanya kazikwa mshikamano na kuwapenda watu kila mahali tunawezakubadilisha jamii zetu kuwa bora zaidi.© Amnesty International 2024Isipokuwa kama imebainishwa vinginevyo, maudhui yaliyo kwenye taarifa hii yameidhinishwachini ya leseni ya Creative Commons (uhusishaji, isiyo ya kibiashara, hakuna vinyambuo, yakimataifa 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeKwa maelezo zaidi, tafadhali tembelea ukurasa wa idhini kwenye tovuti yetu:www.amnesty.orgPale ambapo maandishi yanahusishwa na mmiliki wa hakimiliki ambaye ni tofauti na AmnestyInternational, maandishi hayo hayatakuwa chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons.Imechapishwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2024 na Amnesty International LtdJumba la Peter Benenson, Barabara ya 1 Easton, London WC1X 0DW, UingerezaFahirisi: ACT 50/7952/2024 KiswahiliLugha asilia: Kiingerezaamnesty.orgMATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO2023“Hatuwezi kupuuza kuwepo kwa haki ya kuishi kwa kilabinadamu. [...] Hukumu ya kifo haijaleta matokeo ambayoilinuiwa kuleta”Ramkarpal Singh, Naibu wa Waziri katika Idara inayohusika na Sheria na Mageuzi ya Kitaasisi kwenye Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu1MIENENDO YA KIMATAIFAUfuatilizi wa Amnesty International umeonyesha kwamba mnamo 2023 idadi ndogo zaidi ya nchi kwenye rekodi zinajulikana kwambaziliwanyonga watu wengi zaidi katika kipindi cha karibu mwongo mmoja. Takwimu hizi zinathibitisha mwenendo wa miaka ya hivikaribuni ambao unaashiria kuendelea kutengwa kwa nchi ambazo zinatoa hukumu ya kifo kwa makosa madogo madogo.Ongezeko la idadi iliyorekodiwa ya watu walionyongwa lilitokana na kuongezeka pakubwa kwa watu kunyongwa kutokana na makosayanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya nchini Iran, kuchochewa na mamlaka za nchi hiyo kupuuza kabisa vikwazo vya kimataifa kuhusumatumizi ya adhabu ya kifo. Kando na kwamba makosa haya huenda yasipewe adhabu ya kifo chini ya sheria ya kimataifa, pia adhabuhizi ziliathiri jamii za Iran ambazo zimetengwa sana, hasa wanaume na wanawake kutoka kwa jamii ya wachache ya Baluchi ambayoimekuwa ikinyanyaswa.Idadi hizi za jumla ambazo zinajulikana zinajumuisha maelfu ya watu wanaoaminika kunyongwa nchini Uchina, ambayo imekuwaikiongoza duniani kwa kuwanyonga watu; na Korea Kaskazini na Viet Nam, nchi ambazo zinaaminika kuendelea kuwanyonga watu kwawingi, ingawa hakuna data zilizopo kuonyesha hili.Usiri na kudhibitiwa kwa taarifa kuhusu adhabu za kifo ni ishara kwamba serikali za baadhi ya nchi zinazoendelea kuwanyonga watuzimejitolea kuendelea kutumia adhabu hii kama nyenzo ya kuwatia watu hofu na kuonyesha nguvu ya taasisi za dola. Takwimu zaadhabu ya kifo zilibakia kuwa siri za dola nchini Uchina na Viet Nam. Ingawa kuripoti kuhusu hukumu za kifo na watu walionyongwa nijambo lililodhibitiwa sana katika nchi hizi mbili na pia nchini Korea Kaskazini, mamlaka kwa njia banifu ziliondoa usiri kwa baadhi yakesi kama kikumbusho kwamba uhalifu, au ukiukaji wa kanuni zilizowekwa unaweza kuadhibiwa vikali. Nchini Myanmar, mamlaka zakijeshi ziliendelea kutoa hukumu ya kifo katika mahakama zinazodhibitiwa na jeshi, katika kesi zinazoendeshwa kwa usiri na ambazohaki haizingatiwi kamwe. Vivyo hivyo, mamlaka katika baadhi ya majimbo ya Marekani walikuja na miswada ya kudumisha usiri katikakupata vifaa au vitu vitakavyotumika kuwanyonga watu ili kujikinga wasichunguzwe - mfano ni kuhaririwa kwa sehemu kubwa za itifakimpya ya kuwanyonga watu kwa kutumia gesi ya nitrojeni jimboni Alabama.1 Al Jazeera, “Bunge la Malaysia linafanya uamuzi kukomesha adhabu ya kifo ”, 3 Aprili 2023, aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/3/malaysias-parliament-votes-to-abolish-the-death-penaltyMjadala wa kuunga mkono adhabu ya kifo ulinoga katika baadhi ya nchi kufuatia visa vya uhalifu wa hali ya juu au kabla ya uchaguzilicha ya kuwa hakuna ushahidi kwamba adhabu hii inaweza kuwazuia watu kutekeleza uhalifu. Kufuatia kesi kadhaa za hadhi ya juu,mnamo Septemba Bunge la Taifa la Korea Kusini lilipitisha mabadiliko ya sheria ili kuweka adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu ya juu zaidikwa makosa ya mauaji au kuwatupa watoto wachanga waliozaliwa. Nchi kama vile Taiwani na Marekani pia ziliomba watu waadhibiwekifo kama sehemu ya kampeni za uchaguzi wa urais.Pingamizi za miaka mingi kutoka kwa nchi kadhaa zikitaka adhabu ya kifo ikomeshwe zilionekana kuzaa matunda mnamo 2023. Katikamwezi wa Julai, kufutiliwa mbali kwa adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya nchini Pakistan na kukomeshwakwa adhabu ya kifo ya lazima nchini Malaysia kulianza kutumika; na Bunge la Ghana lilipiga kura kuunga mkono miswada miwiliambayo ingeondoa adhabu ya kifo kutoka kwa kanuni za sheria ya jinai na ya kijeshi.Mambo haya yalionyesha kwamba ajenda ya haki za binadamu inapowekwa katikati ya mipango ya serikali, inawezekana kufikiria upyakuhusu namna uhalifu unavyoshughulikiwa na kuanza kubadilisha jinsi tunavyotumia rasilmali kutoka kuadhibu na kuangazia kuzuiana kuwarekebisha wahalifu. Nchi nyingi sana duniani tayari zimefanya chaguo hili na kukomesha adhabu ya kifo katika sheria zake auutekelezaji. Kufikia mwisho wa mwaka 2023, miswada ya kuondoa sheria hii katili ilikuwa ikisubiri kupitishwa na mabunge ya Kenya,Liberia na Zimbabwe. Maendeleo haya yalitoa matumaini mapya kwamba siku moja, miaka inavyopita, ulimwengu mzima unawezakuondokana na adhabu ya kifo.IDADI YA WATU WALIONYONGWAAmnesty International ilirekodi watu 1,153 walionyongwa mnamo mwaka wa 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia 31 (270) kutokawatu 883 ambao tunajua kuwa walinyongwa mwaka wa 2022. Ndiyo idadi kubwa zaidi kurekodiwa na Amnesty International tanguidadi ya mwaka wa 2015 ambayo ndiyo iliyokuwa kubwa zaidi; na ni mara ya kwanza tangu 2016 (1,032) ambapo idadi ya jumlainayojulikana ilikuwa zaidi ya 1,000 (angalia mchoro 1).Idadi hii ya jumla inayojulikana haijumuishi maelfu ya watu ambao wanaaminika kwamba walinyongwa nchini Uchina, ambayo mwakawa 2023 ilibakia kuongoza duniani kwa kuwanyonga watu.2 Aidha, Amnesty International haingeweza kubainisha idadi ya chini ya watuwalionyongwa katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea (Korea Kaskazini) na Viet Nam, nchi ambazo zinaaminika kuwazinaendelea kuwaadhibu watu kifo kwa wingi. Kutokana na hili, idadi ya jumla iliyowekwa kwenye ripoti hii ni ya chini na ambayoinaelezea kwa njia isiyo kamilifu kuhusu nchi zilizogeukia kuwanyonga watu mwaka huo.IDADI ILIYOREKODIWA YA WATU WALIONYONGWA DUNIANI 2023Afghanistan (+), Bangladesh (5), Uchina (+), Misri (8), Iran (853+), Iraq (16+), Kuwait (5), Korea Kaskazini(+), Palestina (Nchi ya) (+), Saudi Arabia (172), Singapore (5), Somalia (38+), Syria (+), Marekani(24), VietNam (+), Yemen (15+).Ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya jumla ya watu walionyongwa lilitokana hasa na ongezeko la watu walionyongwa nchini Iran (asilimia 48,yaani kutoka watu 576 mnamo 2022; na pia ongezeko la zaidi ya mara mbili, kutoka 314 mnamo 2021). Hili lilishuhudiwa hasa katikavisa vilivyohusu kuwanyonga watu waliohusishwa na dawa za kulevya ambao waliongezeka kutoka 255 mnamo 2022 hadi 481 mwakawa 2023.Asilimia 74 ya idadi iliyorekodiwa ya watu ambao walinyongwa ilikuwa ya watu kutoka Iran pekee; na asilimia 15 walitoka Saudi Arabia.Nchi hizi mbili zilitoa asilimia 89 ya jumla ya watu wanaojulikana kunyongwa.Ongezeko la watu walinyongwa pia lilirekodiwa hasa nchini Somalia (kutoka 6+ mnamo 2022 hadi 38+ mnamo 2023, ambalo niongezeko la mara sita); Marekani (kutoka 18 mnamo 2022 hadi 24 mnamo 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia 33); na Yemen(kutoka 4+ hadi 15+, karibu mara nne ya mwaka uliotangulia).Inajulikana kwamba wanawake walinyongwa nchini Uchina (+), Iran (24), Saudi Arabia (6), Singapore (1).Rekodi zinaonyesha kwamba watu walinyongwa katika nchi 16 ambayo ndiyo idadi ya chini zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa ya nchizinazowanyonga watu tangu Amnesty International ilipoanza kufuatilia. Hakuna watu waliorekodiwa kuwa walinyongwa nchini Belarus,Japan, Myanmar na Sudan Kusini, nchi ambazo zilizowanyonga watu mnamo 2022 (nchi 20 kwa ujumla).NCHI ZINAZOJULIKANA NA MASHIRIKA YA KIMATAIFA KUWA ZILIWANYONGA WATU MWAKA 2023• Muungano wa Madola ya Amerika: Nchi 1 kati ya 35 ziliwanyonga watu - Marekani• Shirika la Usalama na Ushirikiano Ulaya Nchi 1 kati ya 57 ziliwanyonga watu - Marekani• Umoja wa Afrika: Nchi 2 kati ya 55 ziliwanyonga watu - Misri, na Somalia• Juimuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu: Nchi 8 kati ya 22 ziliwanyonga watu - Misri, Iraq, Kuwait, Palestina (Nchi ya), Saudi Arabia, Syria,Somalia na Yemen• Umoja wa Nchi za Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki: Nchi 2 kati ya 10 ziliwanyonga watu - Singapore na Viet Nam• Jumuiya ya Madola: Nchi 2 kati ya 56 ziliwanyonga watu - Bangladesh na Singapore• Jumuiya ya Nchi Zinazozungumza Lugha ya Kifaransa: Nchi 2 kati ya 54 ziliwanyonga watu - Misri, na Viet Nam• Umoja wa Mataifa: Nchi 15 ya nchi wanachama wa Umoja wa Mataifa (asilimia 8) kati ya 193 zinajulikana kuwa ziliwanyonga watu– Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Uchina, Misri, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Korea Kaskazini, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Marekani, Viet Namna Yemen.32 IMnamo mwaka wa 2009, Amnesty International iliacha kuchapisha takwimu za watu waliokadiriwa kupewa adhabu ya kifo Uchina. Badala yake shirika hilo limetiachangamoto mamlaka za nchi hiyo kuthibitisha madai yao kwamba wanafanikisha lengo lao la kupunguza matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo kwa kuchapisha takwimu hizowenyewe. Taarifa kamili au zisizo kamilifu zilipatikana kwa nchi zingine kadhaa (angalia kiambatisho cha Amnesty International kuhusu matumizi ya adhabu ya k [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ACT5079522024SWAHILI.pdf ) [179] => Array ( [objectID] => 24938 [title] => Amnesty International – Global Report : death sentences and executions 2023 [timestamp] => 1716940800 [date] => 29/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amnesty-international-global-report-death-sentences-and-executions-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International’s monitoring of the global use of the death penalty recorded 1,153 known executions in 2023, an increase by 31% from 883 in 2022. However, there was a significant decrease in executing countries, from 20 in 2022 to 16 in 2023. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCESAND EXECUTIONS2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORTIndex: ACT 50/7952/2024Original language: English© Amnesty International 2024Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensedunder a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives,international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website:www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than AmnestyInternational this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2024 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgAmnesty International is a movement of 10 million peoplewhich mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaignsfor change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our visionis of a world where those in power keep their promises,respect international law and are held to account. We areindependent of any government, political ideology, economicinterest or religion and are funded mainly by our membershipand individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarityand compassion with people everywhere can change oursocieties for the better.3DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2023 4NOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2023 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7EXECUTIONS 9METHODS OF EXECUTION IN 2023 10DEATH SENTENCES 11COMMUTATIONS, PARDONS AND EXONERATIONS 12THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2023: IN VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 13REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 15AMERICAS 15ASIA-PACIFIC 21EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 28MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 29SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 35ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2023 39RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2023 39RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2023 40ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023 41ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023 43ANNEX IV: VOTING RESULTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL RESOLUTION 54/35,ADOPTED ON 13 OCTOBER 2023 45DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL2001751501251007550250EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2023 This map indicates the general locationsof boundaries and jurisdictions andshould not be interpreted as AmnestyInternational’s view on disputed territories.+ indicates that the figure that AmnestyInternational has calculated is a minimum.Where + is not preceded by a number,this means that Amnesty Internationalis confident that there was more than oneexecution, but it was unable to establisha credible minimum figure.4. SOMALIARecorded executionsincreased by over sixtimes from 6 in 2022to 38 in 2023.9. BANGLADESHRecorded deathsentences rose by 47%compared to 2022.11. SYRIAThe use of the deathpenalty continued butcredible minimumfigures remainunavailable.7. YEMENKnown executionsalmost quadrupledfrom 4 in 2022 to15 in 2023.1. CHINAContinued to executeand sentence to deaththousands of peoplebut kept figures secret.2. IRANRecorded executionsincreased by 48% comparedto 2022, largely due to spikesin executions for drug-relatedoffences.3. SAUDI ARABIARecorded executionsdecreased marginally(12%) in comparisonwith 2022.8. EGYPTRecorded executions fell by 67%compared to 2022 but a staggering 590death sentences were imposed.6. IRAQThe mass execution of 13 peoplewas carried out in the NasiriyahCentral Prison without prior notice.5. USAExecutions increased by 33%compared to 2022, but thisnumber remained amonghistorically low figures.10. NORTH KOREAThe death penalty is likelyto be used at a sustainedrate, but state secrecymakes it difficult toindependently verify.12. VIET NAMDeath sentences wereimposed extensively fordrug-related offences.Of the executing countries in 2023, the12 countries numbered on the map havepersistently executed people in the pastfive years (2019-2023).CHINAIRANSAUDI ARABIASOMALIAUSAIRAQYEMENEGYPTBANGLADESHKUWAITSINGAPOREAFGHANISTANNORTH KOREASTATE OFPALESTINESYRIAVIET NAM1,000s172853+38+2416+ 15+8 5 5 5 + + + ++6DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalNOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURESON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2023.As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures;judgments; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives;media reports; and, as specified, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reportsonly on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, suchas commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countriesgovernments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and VietNam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2023, little orno information was available on some countries – in particular Belarus and North Korea – due torestrictive state practice.Therefore, for a significant number of countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of thedeath penalty are the minimum recorded. The true overall figures are likely to be higher.In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of thedeath penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authoritiesmisrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear thatthe figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of therestrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty;however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed andsentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publishinformation on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of thisreport, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example,Malaysia (38+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 38 executions, death sentencesor persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there were more than 38. Where“+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Oman (+) – it means that AmnestyInternational has corroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death(more than one) in that country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure.When calculating global and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of thenature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or themethod used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition ofthe death penalty.7DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATHPENALTY IN 2023“We cannot arbitrarily ignore the existence of the inherentright to life of every individual. [...] The death penalty hasnot brought the results it was intended to bring”Ramkarpal Singh, Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Law and Institutional Reforms1GLOBAL TRENDSAmnesty International’s monitoring shows that in 2023 the lowest number of countries on recordcarried out the highest number of known executions in close to a decade. These figures confirm trendsof recent years that pointed to the ever-increasing isolation of retentionist countries.The surge in recorded executions was largely attributable to an alarming spike in executions for drug-related offences in Iran, driven by the complete disregard on the part of the authorities for internationalrestrictions on the use of the death penalty. Not only may these offences not be punished by death underinternational human rights law and standards, but also they disproportionately impacted Iran’s mostmarginalised communities, especially men and women from the oppressed Baluchi ethnic minority.The known totals did not include the thousands of people believed to have been executed in China,which remained the world’s lead executioner; and North Korea and Viet Nam, countries believed tocontinue to carry out executions extensively, but with no available data.Secrecy and control of information on the death penalty continued to be an indicator of thedetermination of governments of some executing countries to use this punishment as a tool to instil fearand display the power of state institutions. Death penalty figures remained classified as state secrets inChina and Viet Nam. Even though reporting on death sentences and executions was tightly restricted inthese two countries as well as North Korea, the authorities sparingly lifted the veil of secrecy on certaincases as a reminder that crime, or departures from established rules, would be harshly punished. InMyanmar, the military authorities continued to impose death sentences in military-controlled courts, insecretive and grossly unfair proceedings. Similarly, authorities of some US states pursued bills to keepsecret the sourcing of equipment or substances used in executions and prevent scrutiny – exemplarywas the redaction by the authorities of Alabama of significant parts of the abhorrent new protocol forexecutions by nitrogen asphyxiation.1 Al Jazeera, “Malaysian Parliament moves to end mandatory death penalty”, 3 April 2023, aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/3/malaysias-parliament-votes-to-abolish-the-death-penalty8DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalPro-death penalty rhetoric took centre stage i [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7952/2024/en/ ) [180] => Array ( [objectID] => 24117 [title] => Broken Promises: How a History of Racial Violence and Bias Shaped Ohio’s Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1715644800 [date] => 14/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/broken-promises-how-a-history-of-racial-violence-and-bias-shaped-ohios-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In January 2024, Ohio lawmakers announced plans to expand the use of the death penalty to permit executions with nitrogen gas, as Alabama had just done a week earlier. But at the same time the Attorney General and the Ohio Prosecuting Attorneys Association are championing this legislation, a bipartisan group of state legislators has introduced a bill to abolish the death penalty based on “significant concerns on who is sentenced to death and how that sentence is carried out.” The competing narratives make it more important than ever for Ohioans to have a meaningful, accurate understanding of how capital punishment is being used, including whether the state has progressed beyond the mistakes of its past. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedInHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailBroken Promises: How a History of Racial Violence and Bias Shaped Ohio’s Death PenaltyPosted on May 14, 2024Read the Full Report Press Release Executive Summary 5 Facts To Know About Ohio's Death Penalty Illustrative Stories Executive SummaryCover page of DPIC's Ohio Report, Broken Promises. It has a red background overlayed with quotes that are featured in the report.In January 2024, Ohio lawmakers announced plans to expand the use of the death penalty to permit executions with nitrogen gas, as Alabama had just done a week earlier. But at the same time the Attorney General and the Ohio Prosecuting Attorneys Association are championing this legislation, a bipartisan group of state legislators has introduced a bill to abolish the death penalty based on “significant concerns on who is sentenced to death and how that sentence is carried out.” The competing narratives make it more important than ever for Ohioans to have a meaningful, accurate understanding of how capital punishment is being used, including whether the state has progressed beyond the mistakes of its past. Ohio’s Black Laws Demonstrate That from the Beginning, Racial Discrimination Was Baked into the State’s Very Foundations. Early 19th century Ohio Black Laws imposed various legal restrictions on the rights and status of Black people in the state, not dissimilar to what would later become Black Codes in many Southern states. As constitutional historian Dr. Stephen Middleton explains, “Although the penal code of Ohio did not explicitly provide for a dual system for handling criminal cases, the Black Laws naturally made race an element in the criminal justice system.” Ohio’s 1807 “Negro Evidence Law” prohibited Black people from testifying against white people in court, thus instituting a legal double standard. Articles in African American newspapers from the time reported numerous instances where white assailants attacked Black victims with impunity because there was no legal consequence without a white person who could testify on the victims’ behalf. The state also passed racial restrictions on juries in 1816 and 1831, officially barring Black people from jury service. These laws no longer exist, but modern studies reveal that jury discrimination continues. The Overrepresentation of White Victim Cases and Overt Displays of Racism in Capital Trials Demonstrate That Race Continues to Play a Prejudicial Role in Death Sentencing. One of the most significant ties between historical death sentencing and the modern use of capital punishment is the preferential valuing of white victims. Multiple Ohio-specific studies have concluded that when a case involves a white victim—especially a white female victim—defendants are more likely to receive a death sentence or be executed. A review of all aggravated murder charges in Hamilton County from January 1992 through August 2017 revealed that prosecutors are 4.54 times more likely to file charges with death penalty eligibility if there is at least one white victim, compared to similarly situated cases without white victims. A separate study of Ohio executions between 1976 and 2014 found that homicides involving white female victims are six times more likely to result in an execution than homicides involving Black male victims. DPIC independently analyzed race of victim data for all 465 death sentences in the state and found that 75% of death sentences were for cases with at least one white victim. For context, most murder victims in the state are Black (66%). Black capital defendants have also faced instances of overt racism from jurors, prosecutors, and even their own attorneys. During closing arguments, the prosecuting attorney in Dwight Denson’s trial suggested that if jurors did not sentence him to death, they might as well rename Cincinnati’s Over-the-Rhine neighborhood to “Jungle Land,” adding, “Leave it to Dwight Denson. Leave it to people like him.” An attorney for Malik Allah-U-Akbar (tried as Odraye Jones) reiterated false, racialized testimony from an expert witness during closing arguments: “I think it’s a quarter of the…urban [B]lack American youth come up with antisocial personality disorder…. This isn’t a situation you can treat. … You have to put him out of society until it runs its course.” As the current debate over the use of the death penalty in Ohio continues, this report provides historical information, context, and data to inform the critical decisions that will follow.5 Facts To Know About Ohio's Death PenaltyNewspaper clippings describing the scene of "Click" Mitchell's lynching in 1897. The headline reads, "Now quiet reigns: Cool counsel prevails, and Mitchell's body was not burned." Historically, Ohioans saw lynchings and capital punishment as interchangeable practices. Many Black men were victims of lynch mobs in the 19th century after being accused of raping a white woman—regardless of whether there was any evidence to support the claims. In multiple instances, members of these mobs stated that they would not have lynched the victims if Ohio’s death penalty laws allowed for them to be legally “punished with death.” Petitions to add the rape of a white woman as a death-eligible offense ultimately failed, though Black men continued to receive lethal punishment from lynch mobs. Even when photos were taken in broad daylight, lynch mob participants rarely faced any legal consequences for their roles in these extrajudicial murders. 2. Homicides involving white female victims are six times more likely to result in an execution than those involving Black male victims even though 44% of murder victims are Black men.One of the most persistent forms of racial bias present in capital cases is the race-of-victim effect, shown when cases with at least one white victim disproportionately result in a death sentence. This race-of-victim effect demonstrates one of the strongest ties between the historical application of the death penalty and its use in modern day. Modern statistics reveal the same bias in favor of white victims, and, again, white women in particular, continues today. An analysis of Ohio executions between 1976 and 2014 found that the race and gender of the victim play a substantial role in the state’s use of the death penalty. Homicides involving white female victims are six times more likely to result in an execution than homicides involving Black victims. A separate study of all aggravated murder charges in Hamilton County (Cincinnati)—an outlier in its high use of the death penalty—revealed that prosecutors are 4.54 times more likely to seek the death penalty if there is at least one white victim, compared to similarly situated cases without white victims. Graphic that reads "In Ohio, 44% of murder victims are Black males, but just 13% of death sentences involved at least one Black male victim."3. Jurors, expert witnesses, and attorneys who made overtly racist statements participated in sentencing Black Ohioans to death. While many Black capital defendants face structural and covert forms of racism, even some overt displays of racial bias have gone unchallenged and unaddressed in capital trials. A defense expert in Malik Allah-U-Akbar’s (tried as Odraye Jones) trial diagnosed Mr. Akbar with antisocial personality disorder, and falsely testified that this disorder affects “one to three percent of the general population” but was present in “15 to 25 percent, maybe even 30 percent [of] urban African American males.” Dr. Eisenberg further stated that “the best treatment for the antisocial, if the violations are severe, is to throw them away, lock them up.” In Kevin Keith’s capital trial, the prosecution relied on a forensic analyst who was known to “stretch the truth to satisfy a department” and had referred to her Black coworker as “a n****r in a woodpile” and a “n****r b*tch.” Four seated jurors in Terry Lee Froman’s capital trial indicated that they “agree” or “strongly agree” with the statement “[s]ome races and/or ethnic groups tend to be more violent than others.” The Ohio Supreme Court admitted that at least one of the jurors’ “questionnaire responses indicated that she had racially biased views,” but held that the prosecutor had properly rehabilitated her. 4. Black youth are overrepresented on Ohio’s death row.Black youth are overrepresented among those sentenced to death in Ohio. 66% of all Ohio death-sentenced prisoners aged 16 to 20 at the time of their crime were Black. (For context, the national figure is 49%.) Nearly a quarter of all Black people who have received death sentences in the state were 20 years old or younger at the time of their crimes. Extending the analysis to late adolescents, aged 25 and younger, reveals that 53% of all Black people sentenced to death in Ohio were 25 or younger at the time of their crimes. Research has shown that Black youth are often perceived as chronologically older and more culpable than white youth of the same age. These biases mean Black children are judged more harshly than their white peers with respect to questions about guilt and punishment. Young defendants are also particularly vulnerable because of the unequal power dynamics between them and the adults with whom they interact in the legal system. Seven of Ohio’s 11 exonerees were age 25 or younger at the time of the crimes for which they were wrongfully convicted. 5. None of the reforms recommended by a bipartisan task force ten years ago to reduce racial disparities in capital cases have been adoptedIn 2011, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio and the President of the Ohio State Bar Association convened a joint task for [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence [2] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/broken-promises-ohio-racial-justice-report ) [181] => Array ( [objectID] => 24095 [title] => Death Row in the USA: Death Penalty Cases and Statistics by State [timestamp] => 1715558400 [date] => 13/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-in-the-usa-death-penalty-cases-and-statistics-by-state/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LDF issues a quarterly report entitled Death Row USA that contains death penalty information, death row populations by state, and other capital punishment statistics in the United States. [texte] => DEATH ROW U.S.A.Fall 2023A quarterly report byLegal Defense FundRobert DunhamConsultant to Legal Defense FundDeath Row U.S.A. Page 1Death Row U.S.A.Fall 2023(As of October 1, 2023)TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATH ROW INMATES KNOWN TO LDF:2262(2262 – 125* - 804M = 1333 enforceable sentences)Race of Defendant:White 956 (42.26%)Black 924 (40.85%)Latino/Latina 315 (13.93%)Native American 23 (1.02%)Asian 44 (1.95%)Unknown at this issue 0 (0.00%)Gender:Male 2,213 (97.83%)Female 49 (2.17%)* Designates the number of people in non-moratorium states who are not under active death sentence because ofcourt reversal but whose sentence may be reimposed.M Designates the number of people in jurisdictions where a moratorium on execution has been imposed. TwoCalifornia death-row prisoners who are also on death row in non-moratorium states are not counted in this figure.JURISDICTIONS WITH CURRENT DEATH PENALTY STATUTES: 29Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CaliforniaM, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky,Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma,OregonM [see note below], PennsylvaniaM, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,Utah, Wyoming [see note below], U.S. GovernmentM, U.S. Military.M States where a moratorium prohibiting execution has been imposed by the Governor; U.S. by Attorney General[NOTE: Oregon and Wyoming have death penalty statutes but no person sentenced to death.]JURISDICTIONS WITHOUT DEATH PENALTY STATUTES: 24Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine,Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire [see note below], New Jersey,New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, WestVirginia, Wisconsin.[NOTE: New Hampshire repealed the death penalty prospectively. The man already sentenced remains undersentence of death.]Death Row U.S.A. Page 2Execution UpdateAs of October 1, 2023Total number of executions since the 1976 reinstatement of capital punishment:1576Race of defendants executedtotal number 1576White 880 (55.84%)Black 539 (34.20%)Latino/a 131 (8.31%)Native American 18 (1.14%)Asian 8 (0.51%)Gender of defendants executedFemale 18 (1.14%)Male 1558 (98.86%)Race of victimstotal number 2308White 1737 (75.26%)Black 363 (15.73%)Latin 159 (6.89%)Native American 8 (0.35%)Asian 41 (1.78%)Gender of victimsFemale 1147 (49.70%)Male 1161 (50.30%)Defendant-victim racial combinationsWhite Victim Black Victim Latino/a Victim Asian Victim Native AmericanVictimWhite Defendant 815 51.68% 21 1.33% 18 1.14% 6 0.38% 1 .06%Black Defendant 304 19.28% 185 11.73% 20 1.27% 16 1.01% 0 0%Latino/a Defendant 57 3.61% 3 0.19% 63 3.99% 2 0.13% 0 0%Asian Defendant 3 0.19% 0 0% 0 0% 5 0.32% 0 0%Native Amer. Def. 15 .95% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 3 0.19%TOTAL: 1194 75.71% 209 13.25% 101 6.40% 29 1.84% 4 0.25%Note: In addition, there were 40 defendants executed for the murders of multiple victims of different races.Of those, 21 defendants were white, 13 black and 6 Latino. (2.54%)Death Row U.S.A. Page 3Execution Breakdown by StateState # % ofTotalRacial Combinations (see codesbelow)1. TX 583 36.99 233 W/W (40%); 110 B/W (19%); 69 B/B (12%); 57 L/L(10%); 46 L/W (8%); 18 B/L (3%); 13 W/L, 10 B/A (2%each); 6 W/mix (1%); 4 W/B (.7%); 3 L/mix, 3 B/mix (.5%each); 2 L/B, 2 L/A, 2 A/A, 2 N/W, 2 W/A (.3% each); 1 A/W(.2%)28* 13# 6^2. OK 122 7.74 65 W/W (53%); 19 B/W (16%); 15 B/B (12%); 6 N/W (5%); 3W/A (2%); 2 W/B, 2 B/A, 2 A/A, 2 W/mix (2% each); 1 N/N,1W/N, 1 W/L, 1 B/L, 1 L/L, 1 L/W (.8% each)3. VA 113 7.17 48 W/W (43%); 36 B/W (32%); 13 B/B (12%); 4 W/B, 4W/mix (4% EACH); 3 L/W (3%); 1 B/L, 1 B/A, 1 W/A, 1A/W, 1 B/mix (.9% each)10* 3# 1^4. FL 104 6.60 62 W/W (60%); 19 B/W (18%); 8 B/B (8%); 4 L/W (4%); 3W/mix (3%); 2 L/L, 2 B/mix (2% each); 1 N/W, 1 L/B, 1 W/L,1 L/mix (1% each)11* 2^5. MO 97 6.15 58 W/W (60%); 18 B/W, 18 B/B (19 each%); 1 N/W, 1 W/B,1 B/mix (1% each)5* 1# 1^6. GA 76 4.82 48 W/W (63%); 18 B/W (24%); 10 B/B (13%) 1* 2# 1^7. AL 71 4.51 38 W/W (54%); 19 B/W (27%); 12 B/B (17%); 1 W/B, 1B/mix (1% each)7* 1^8. OH 56 3.55 34 W/W (61%); 8 B/W, 8 B/B (14% each); 2 W/mix, 2 B/mix(4% each); 1 B/A, 1 W/B (2% each)6*9. NC 43 2.73 28 W/W (65%); 7 B/B (16%); 6 B/W (14%); 1 W/B, 1 N/N(2% each)4* 1^10. SC 43 2.73 20 W/W (47%); 11 B/W (26%); 5 W/B (12%); 4 B/B (9%); 2W/mix (5%); 1 B/A (2%)10* 1#11. AZ 40 2.54 28 W/W (70%); 3 L/L; 3 N/W (8% each); 2 B/W (5%); 1 L/W,1 W/L, 1 W/mix, 1 L/mix (3% each)5*12. AR 31 1.97 20 W/W (65%); 7 B/W (23%); 3 B/B (10%); 1 L/W (3%) 4* 1^13. LA 28 1.78 15 W/W (54%); 8 B/W (29%); 5 B/B (18%) 1* 1#14. MS 23 1.46 16 W/W (70%); 3 B/W (13%); 2 B/B (9%); 1 B/A, 1 W/B (4%each)2*15. IN 20 1.27 16 W/W (80%); 2 B/W (10%); 1 B/B, 1 W/L (5% each) 4*16. DE 16 1.02 8 W/W (50%); 5 B/B (31%); 2 B/W (13%); 1 N/W (6%) 5*17. US 16 1.02 6 W/W (38%); 5 B/W (31%); 2 B/B (13%); 1 N/N, 1 W/mix, 1L/mix (6% each) 1*1^Death Row U.S.A. Page 4State # % ofTotalRacial Combinations (see codesbelow)18. CA 13 .82 7 W/W (54%); 2 N/W (15%); 1 B/W, 1 W/L, 1 A/A, 1 B/mix(8% each)2*18. TN 13 .82 12 W/W (92%); 1 B/B (8%) 1*20. IL 12 .76 7 W/W (58%); 2 B/W, 2 B/mix (17% each); 1 B/B (8%) 2*21. NV 12 .76 9 W/W (75%); 1 B/W, 1 L/W, 1 A/W (8% each) 11*22. UT 7 .44 5 W/W (71%); 2 B/W (29%) 4*23. MD 5 .32 3 B/W (60%); 2 W/W (40%) 1*24. SD 5 .32 5 W/W (100%) 4*25. WA 5 .32 5 W/W (100%) 3*26. NE 4 .25 2 W/W (50%); 2 B/W (50%) 1*27. ID 3 .19 3 W/W (100%) 1*28. KY 3 .19 3 W/W (100%) 2*29. MT 3 .19 3 W/W (100%) 1*30. PA 3 .19 2 W/W (67%); 1 W/B (33%) 3*31. OR 2 .13 2 W/W (100%) 2*32. CO 1 .06 1 W/W (100%)33. CT 1 .06 1 W/W (100%) 1*34. NM 1 .06 1 W/W (100%) 1*35. WY 1 .06 1 W/W (100%)* Defendants who gave up their appeals (151; 9.6% of total) [see note to 1049 below]# Juveniles (under age 18 at the time of the offense) (23; 1.5% of total) [see note to 740, below]^ Female (18; 1.1% of total)ROSTER OF THE EXECUTEDDATE OFEXECUTIONNAME OF DEFENDANT/NUMBER IF MULTIPLE VICTIMSSTATE RACE DEF /VICTIMVICTIMGENDER01-17-77 1. Gary Gilmore [*] UT W/W M05-25-79 2. John Spenkelink FL W/W M10-22-79 3. Jesse Bishop [*] NV W/W M03-09-81 4. Steven Judy [*] / 3 IN W/3W 3F08-10-82 5. Frank Coppola [*] VA W/W F12-07-82 6. Charlie Brooks TX B/W M04-22-83 7. John Evans AL W/W M09-02-83 8. Jimmy Lee Gray MS W/W FDeath Row U.S.A. Page 5DATE OFEXECUTIONNAME OF DEFENDANT/NUMBER IF MULTIPLE VICTIMSSTATE RACE DEF /VICTIMVICTIMGENDER11-30-83 9. Robert Sullivan FL W/W M12-14-83 10. Robert W. Williams LA B/B M12-15-83 11. John Eldon Smith / 2 GA W/2W MF01-26-84 12. Anthony Antone FL W/W M02-29-84 13. John Taylor LA B/W M03-14-84 14. James Autry TX W/W F03-16-84 15. James Hutchins / 2 NC W/2W 2M03-31-84 16. Ronald O'Bryan TX W/W M04-05-84 17. Arthur Goode FL W/W M04-05-84 18. Elmo Sonnier / 2 LA W/2W MF05-10-84 19. James Adams FL B/W M06-20-84 20. Carl Shriner FL W/W M07-12-84 21. Ivon Stanley GA B/W M07-13-84 22. David Washington / 3 FL B/WBW 2M1F09-07-84 23. Ernest Dobbert FL W/W F09-10-84 24. Timothy Baldwin LA W/W F09-20-84 25. James Dupree Henry FL B/B M10-12-84 26. Linwood Briley VA B/W M10-30-84 27. Thomas Barefoot TX W/W M10-30-84 28. Ernest Knighton LA B/W M11-02-84 29. Velma Barfield [^] NC W/W M11-08-84 30. Timothy Palmes FL W/W M12-12-84 31. Alpha Otis Stephens GA B/W M12-28-84 32. Robert Lee Willie LA W/W F01-04-85 33. David Martin / 4 LA W/4W 2M2F01-09-85 34. Roosevelt Green GA B/W F01-11-85 35. Joseph Carl Shaw / 2 SC W/2W MF01-16-85 36. Doyle Skillern TX W/W M01-30-85 37. James Raulerson FL W/W M02-20-85 38. Van R. Solomon GA B/W M03-06-85 39. Johnny Paul Witt FL W/W M03-13-85 40. Stephen P. Morin [*] TX W/W F03-20-85 41. John Young / 3 GA B/3W 1M2F04-18-85 42. James Briley / 2 VA B/2B MF05-15-85 43. Jesse de la Rosa TX L/A M05-29-85 44. Marvin Francois / 6 FL B/6B 6M06-25-85 45. Charles Milton TX B/B F06-25-85 46. Morris Mason VA B/W F07-09-85 47. Henry M. Porter TX L/W M09-11-85 48. Charles Rumbaugh [*] [#] TX W/W M10-16-85 49. William Vandiver [*] IN W/W M12-06-85 50. Carroll Cole [*] NV W/W F01-10-86 51. James Terry Roach [#] SC W/(see # 35) (see # 35)03-12-86 52. Charles William Bass TX W/W M03-21-86 53. Arthur Lee Jones AL B/W M04-15-86 54. Daniel Thomas FL B/W M04-16-86 55. Jeffrey A. Barney [*] TX W/W F04-22-86 56. David Funchess / 2 FL B/2W MF05-15-86 57. Jay Pinkerton [#] / 2 TX W/2W 2F05-20-86 58. Ronald Straight FL W/(see # 30) (see # 30)06-09-86 59. Rudy Esquivel TX L/W MDeath Row U.S.A. Page 6DATE OFEXECUTIONNAME OF DEFENDANT/NUMBER IF MULTIPLE VICTIMSSTATE RACE DEF /VICTIMVICTIMGENDER06-19-86 60. Kenneth Brock TX W/W M06-24-86 61. Jerome Bowden GA B/W F07-31-86 62. Michael Smith VA B/W F08-20-86 63. Randy Woolls TX W/W F08-22-86 64. Larry Smith TX B/W M08-26-86 65. Chester Wicker TX W/W F09-19-86 66. John Rook NC W/W F12-04-86 67. Michael Wayne Evans TX B/L F12-18-86 68. Richard Andrade TX L/L F01-30-87 69. Ramon Hernandez [*] TX L/L M03-04-87 70. Elisio Moreno [*] TX L/W M05-15-87 71. Joseph Mulligan GA B/B M05-20-87 72. Edward Earl Johnson MS B/W M05-22-87 73. Richard Tucker GA B/W F05-28-87 74. Anthony Williams TX B/W F05-29-87 75. William Boyd Tucker GA W/W F06-07-87 76. Benjamin Berry LA W/W M06-09-87 77. Alvin Moore LA B/W F06-12-87 78. Jimmy Glass / 2 LA W/2W MF06-16-87 79. Jimmy Wingo / 2 LA W/(see # 78) (see # 78)06-24-87 80. Elliott Johnson TX B/W M07-06-87 81. Richard Whitley VA W/W F07-08-87 82. John R. Thompson TX W/W F07-08-87 83. Connie Ray Evans MS B/A M07-20-87 84. Willie Celestine LA B/W F07-24-87 85. Willie Watson LA B/W F07-30-87 86. John Brogdon LA W/W F08-24-87 87. Sterling Rault LA W/W F08-28-87 88. Beauford White FL B/(see # 44) (see # 44)08-28-87 89. Wayne Ritter AL W/(see # 7) (see # 7)08-28-87 90. Dale Pierre Selby / 3 UT B/3W 1M2F09-01-87 91. Billy Mitchell GA B/W M09-10-87 92. Joseph Starvaggi TX W/W M09-21-87 93. Timothy McCorquodale GA W/W F01-07-88 94. Robert Streetman TX W/W F03-15-88 95. Wayne Felde LA W/W M03-15-88 96. Willie Darden FL B/W M04-13-88 97. Leslie Lowenfield / 5 LA B/5B 2M3F04-14-88 98. E [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.naacpldf.org/our-thinking/death-row-usa/ ) [182] => Array ( [objectID] => 24037 [title] => Special issue: a decade-long review of the death penalty for drug offences [timestamp] => 1715040000 [date] => 07/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-decade-long-review-of-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report builds on the pioneering work HRI has been doing since its first ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview (‘Global Overview’) in 2007. It analyses how the landscape of the death penalty for drug offences has shifted in the last decade, looking at the main trends regarding people on death row, death sentences and executions for drug offences, as well as key developments at national and international level in the period between 2014 and 2023. [texte] => This report builds on the pioneering work HRI has been doing since its first ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview (‘Global Overview’) in 2007. It analyses how the landscape of the death penalty for drug offences has shifted in the last decade, looking at the main trends regarding people on death row, death sentences and executions for drug offences, as well as key developments at national and international level in the period between 2014 and 2023.A decade in a Snapshot At least 3113 people were executed for drug offences. Eight countries were recorded to have carried out executions for drug offences. On average, almost one out of three executions that took place in the last decade were for drug offences. The highest recorded proportion of drug-related executions (against all executions) was in 2015 with 44.6%; meaning almost one in every two executions were for drug offences. The year also recorded the highest number of drug-related executions: 763 people. At least 2142 people were sentenced to death for drug offences. This figure is based on data from 25 countries where sentences were imposed for drug offences throughout the decade. Although 2020 recorded the lowest number of drug-related executions, the number of death sentences handed down that year was 38% higher than 2019. Of the 34 countries and territories that retained the death penalty at the end of 2023, at least 12 countries retain it as a mandatory punishment for at least some drug offences. Recommendations for abolition, moratorium, and/or review of the practices of the death penalty given by abolitionist States to retentionist States during the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) processes increased from at least 382 on the second cycle (2012 – 2016) to 581 on the third cycle (2017- 2022). These include 4 and 13 specific recommendations on the death penalty for drug offences in each of the cycles, respectively. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has failed to take public stances on the death penalty for drug offences over the past few years. This marks a retrogression of their position on this issue. Their silence could be interpreted as an approval of this blatant violation of international standards.Key recommendations Pending abolition, retentionist countries should impose a moratorium on executions. Retentionist countries should respect applicable international human rights obligations, including on fair trial, the right to apply for pardon or commutation of their death sentence, prohibition of torture and ill-treatment, among others. Retentionist countries should systematically and publicly provide complete, accurate, and disaggregated data by sex, age, disability, nationality and race, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, including the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the location of their detention, the number of executions carried out, and the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, as well as information on any scheduled execution. All countries that pursue punitive drug policies should work on policy reforms that are aligned with human rights standards and are evidence-based. Abolitionist countries should cease any efforts to reintroduce the death penalty. Abolitionist countries should actively condemn the use of the death penalty while sharing best practices and supporting efforts to restrict and abolish the death penalty for drug offences. Abolitionist countries, together with international agencies and bodies, including the UN, should stop funding punitive drug policy and prohibitionist regimes that retain the death penalty for drug offences. Instead, investment should be made in drug policy reforms that are evidence-based and health and human-rights-centred, including harm reduction. International organisations and bodies, including the UN, should take urgent and concrete steps to ensure that retentionist countries are held accountable for the human rights violations committed when applying the death penalty for drug offences, including by withdrawing funding for international cooperation when it is used to fund efforts that contribute to the application of the death penalty. UN bodies, including the UNODC, should pay more targeted attention to the application of the death penalty for drug offences globally, monitoring the human rights violations that occurred during its application, and condemning, both publicly and through appropriate diplomatic channels, all executions handed down in the name of drug control. International donors should increase and sustain funding for the death penalty abolition movement, making sure that experts, advocates, international, regional organisations, and civil society receive core, flexible and long-term funding for all work related to the abolition of the death penalty for drug offences.A DECADE-LONG REVIEWON THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCESSPECIAL ISSUEHarm Reduction International (HRI) envisions aworld in which drug policies uphold dignity, health,and rights. We use data and advocacy to promoteharm reduction and drug policy reform. We showhow rights-based, evidence-informed responsesto drugs contribute to healthier, safer societies,and why investing in harm reduction makes sense.HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Statuswith the Economic and Social Council of the UnitedNations.Harm Reduction International opposes the deathpenalty in all cases without exception.Special IssueA Decade-Long Review on the DeathPenalty for Drug OffencesAjeng Larasati and Marcela Jofré© Harm Reduction International, 2024ISBN: 978-1-915255-02-0Designed by ESCOLAPublished by Harm ReductionInternationalE-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.global4This report would not be possible without the data made available or sharedby leading human rights organisations and individual experts and advocates.We would like to thank those who have contributed to Harm ReductionInternational’s The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Review throughoutthe decade.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction Internationalfor their feedback and support in preparing this report: Cinzia Brentari, NaomiBurke-Shyne, Catherine Cook, Paulina Cortez, Colleen Daniels, Ugochi Egwu,Giada Girelli, Gaj Gurung, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare, Suchitra Rajagopalan,and Anne Taiwo. And to Harm Reduction International’s dedicated interns,Quinissa Putrirezhy and Jess Truong.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.The research is supported by the European Union.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS5TABLE OF CONTENTSMethodology 6A Decade in a Snapshot 8Introduction 9Global Figures 11International Policy Development 16National Figures 23National Policy Development 2931Issues Spotlight 353739Looking ahead: A Continued Fight to Abolish the Death Penalty 43for Drug OffencesEfforts to limit the applicationof the death penalty for drugoffencesPersistent appetite to kill inthe name of the war on drugsUnfair trialsLack of transparencyDisproportionate impact onmarginalised populations6METHODOLOGYFor the purposes of this report and consistency with the methodology used byHRI for its flagship report The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview(‘Global Overview’), drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences ordrug-related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes undernational laws, excluding activities which are not related to the trafficking,possession or use of controlled substances and related inchoate offences(inciting, assisting or abetting a crime) and excluding cases in which drugoffences are punishable with death only if they involve, or result in intentionalkilling.The primary source of this report is HRI’s report series - The DeathPenalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview between 2014 and 2023. For dataanalysis, the report uses the same criteria 1 of country categorisation as definedin The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2023:High Application States are thosein which executions of individualsconvicted of drug offences werecarried out, and/or at least tendrug-related death sentences peryear were imposed in the past fiveyears.Low Application States are thosewhere, although no executionsfor drug offences were carriedout in the past five years, deathsentences for drug offenceswere imposed on nine or fewerindividuals in the same period.Symbolic Application States arethose that have the death penaltyfor drug offences within theirlegislation but have not carriedout executions nor sentencedindividuals to death for drug crimesin the past five years.Insufficient Data category denotesinstances where there is simply notenough information to classify thecountry accurately.1. Definitions for country categorization changed between 2014 and 2023. Therefore, adjustments have been made toHRI’s database and analysis to fit the new categorization as of 2023.7Data collected has been updated and complemented by in-depth desk researchthat includes official government reports (where available) and State-run newsagencies; court judgments; non-governmental organisations (NGO) reportsand databases; United Nations (UN) documents; media reports; scholarlyarticles; and communications with local activists and human rights advocates,organisations, and groups. Therefore, the figures presented here could differfrom those presented in previous editions of the ‘Global Overview’, as theyhave been updated as more information has become available over the years.Despite every effort to minimise inaccuracies, lack of transparencyremains an issue that hinders monitoring of the death penalty for drug offences.Language barriers affecting access to information may also lead to a potentialfor error. HRI welcomes information or additional data not included in this report.Unless stated otherwise, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/publications/special-issue-a-decade-long-review-of-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences/ ) [183] => Array ( [objectID] => 24001 [title] => Calling on Singapore to respect international safeguards and halt executions [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-on-singapore-to-respect-international-safeguards-and-halt-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/statement-singapore-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => We are greatly concerned by the news that the Government of Singapore has issued at least five execution notices since 12 April 2024, all cases in relation to drug offending. Transformative Justice Collective, a member of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, reports that in four of these five cases, the execution was stayed at the […] [texte] => We are greatly concerned by the news that the Government of Singapore has issued at least five execution notices since 12 April 2024, all cases in relation to drug offending. Transformative Justice Collective, a member of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, reports that in four of these five cases, the execution was stayed at the last minute. This leaves one person on death row at imminent risk of execution. The mental anguish persons on death row and their families experience in circumstances where execution warrants are issued is unimaginable. (more…) "Calling on Singapore to respect international safeguards and halt executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [184] => Array ( [objectID] => 23988 [title] => Escalating concerns over the lives of minors threatened with death in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/escalating-concerns-over-the-lives-of-minors-threatened-with-death-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/article-statement-saudi-arabia-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The undersigned organizations express their grave concern for the lives of minor defendants particularly the two young men, Yousif Al-Manasif and Ali Al-Mubaiouq, who are at imminent risk of execution in Saudi Arabia following confirmed information that the Specialized Criminal Court of Appeal (SCCA) has upheld their death sentences. [texte] => The undersigned organizations express their grave concern for the lives of minor defendants particularly the two young men, Yousif Al-Manasif and Ali Al-Mubaiouq, who are at imminent risk of execution in Saudi Arabia following confirmed information that the Specialized Criminal Court of Appeal (SCCA) has upheld their death sentences. (more…) "Escalating concerns over the lives of minors threatened with death in Saudi Arabia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [185] => Array ( [objectID] => 23975 [title] => Call for joint action to stop drug-related executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-joint-action-to-stop-drug-related-executions-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/statment-iran-april-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => April 10, 2024 Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and 83 Iranian and international organisations and groups have called for joint action to stop drug-related executions, urging UNODC to make “any cooperation with the Islamic Republic contingent on a complete halt on drug-related executions”. They have announced the start of a mass international campaign in this regard. [texte] => April 10, 2024Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and 83 Iranian and international organisations and groups have called for joint action to stop drug-related executions, urging UNODC to make “any cooperation with the Islamic Republic contingent on a complete halt on drug-related executions”. They have announced the start of a mass international campaign in this regard. (more…) "Call for joint action to stop drug-related executions in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [186] => Array ( [objectID] => 23956 [title] => ACAT, GHANA [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-ghana/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/acat-ghana-logo.jpg [extrait] => To raise awareness about torture and the death penalty among churches and Christian organisations and civil society [texte] => To raise awareness about torture and the death penalty among churches and Christian organisations and civil society [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ghana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [187] => Array ( [objectID] => 23953 [title] => Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty? How the Failure to Collect Juror Demographic Data Contributes to Whithewashing the Jury Box [timestamp] => 1714435200 [date] => 30/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guess-whos-coming-to-jury-duty-how-the-failure-to-collect-juror-demographic-data-contributes-to-whithewashing-the-jury-box/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on February 2024. Founded in 2001, the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic seeks justice for individuals facing capital punishment by providing high-quality representation and offers students a rich opportunity for meaningful, hands-on experience in high stakes, complex litigation. The clinic also tackles problems endemic to the administration of the death penalty and the criminal legal system. The report continues the clinic’s racial justice research and advocacy by cataloging the states that gather prospective jurors’ self-identified race and ethnicity and those that do not. It examines what courts do with the information, including whether it is provided to the court and counsel for use during jury selection, and the consequences of these choices in furthering or obstructing jury representativeness and diversity. In particular, the report shows why the collection of prospective jurors’ self-identified race and ethnicity is vital to meeting state and federal fair cross-section guarantees and eliminating the discriminatory exercise of peremptory challenges. [texte] => Guess Who’s Comingto Jury Duty?HOW THE FAILURE TO COLLECT JUROR DEMOGRAPHIC DATACONTRIBUTES TO WHITEWASHING THE JURY BOXFEBRUARY 2024AUTHORSElisabeth Semel (Chancellor’s Clinical Professor of Law and co-director, Berkeley LawDeath Penalty Clinic), Willy Ramirez, Yara Slaton, Casey Jang (students, Death Penalty Clinic,Berkeley Law Class of ’23), and Lauren Havey (Berkeley Law Clinical Program Paralegal)researched and authored the report.Founded in 2001, the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic seeks justice for individualsfacing capital punishment by providing high-quality representation and offers students a richopportunity for meaningful, hands-on experience in high stakes, complex litigation. The clinicalso tackles problems endemic to the administration of the death penalty and the criminal legalsystem. More information about the clinic is available at law.berkeley.edu/experiential/clinics/death-penalty-clinic/.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are grateful to Paula Hanaford-Agor, director of the Center for Jury Studies, NationalCenter for State Courts, for her consultation throughout the project and to Professors KhiaraM. Bridges, Catherine Grosso, Sheri Lynn Johnson, and Ian Haney López for their insightfulcomments.We could not have completed the study without the assistance of counsel for judicialdistricts, statewide and local jury administrators, and court clerks who responded to our emailsand phone calls. When we hit a wall, attorneys, including Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinicalumni, helped direct us to court administrators and clerks who kindly answered our questions.Sarah Weld and Laurie Frasier’s exacting editorial and design support made the reportmore readable and accessible.Our thanks (always) to Berkeley Law’s exceptional librarians whose research expertise gaveus ready access to source materials.We also extend our appreciation to Dean Erwin Chemerinsky for his ongoing support ofthe Berkeley Law Clinical Program and to donors who have invested generously in the DeathPenalty Clinic’s litigation on behalf of individuals facing capital punishment and in its researchand policy advocacy projects.In 2020, we published Whitewashing the Jury Box: How California Perpetuates theDiscriminatory Exclusion of Black and Latinx Jurors. It was our goal that the report “serve as acatalyst for reform that results in vigorous enforcement of the constitutional rights of thosewhose lives depend upon and a fair and equitable jury selection system and of those who areeligible to serve on juries.” We hope that Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty? helps expedite thesystemic changes necessary to guarantee these constitutional rights.Cover illustration by Ojima AbalakaDesign by Odd MoxieCONTENTSExecutive Summary viI. Introduction 2II. Reference Points, Premises, and Priorities 7A. The Criminal Legal System, Race, and the Jury 8B. Jury Representativeness and Diversity 8C. The Importance of Collecting Jurors’ Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity Information and Providing It to Trial Courts and Litigants 9III. Methodology 13IV. Findings & Conclusion 16Appendix A 25Appendix B 38Appendix C 44Appendix D found onlineEndnotes 48 Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty | vExecutive Summary viGuess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty? expands on the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic’s 2020publication, Whitewashing the Jury Box: How California Perpetuates the Exclusion of Black andLatinx Jurors.1 The report presented the results of the first investigation into the exercise ofperemptory challenges in California criminal trials under the three-step framework establishedby the state supreme court in 1978 and the United States Supreme Court in 1986. See Peoplev. Wheeler, 22 Cal. 3d 258, 583 P.2d 748 (Cal. 1978); Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986).2 Thereport concluded, “[T]he California Supreme Court went from a judiciary that championedthe eradication of race-based strikes to a court that resists the United States Supreme Court’slimited efforts to enforce Batson [even as it remains] a woefully inadequate tool to end racialdiscrimination in jury selection.”3Whitewashing the Jury Box recommended the passage of legislation, California AssemblyBill 3070, to replace the Batson-Wheeler inquiry with a procedure modeled on WashingtonSupreme Court General Rule 37.4 The bill was signed into law in 2020, adding section 231.7 tothe California Code of Civil Procedure.5 The new statute was implemented on January 1, 2022.6California trial courts do not systematically collect demographic information fromprospective jurors.7 The status quo thus hamstrings researchers’ ability to determine, as anempirical matter, whether the state’s Batson-Wheeler reform is increasing representativenesson seated juries. This deficiency and our broader interest in ending the exclusion of persons ofcolor, particularly Black and Latinx Americans, from jury service prompted this study, whichaims to answer the following questions:1. Which federal district courts and state trial courts collect prospective jurors’ selfidentified race and ethnicity as a matter of statutory authority, judicial rule, or formalpolicy?2. If there is a statute, rule, or policy, at what stage of the jury selection proceedings and inwhat manner does the court collect the information?3. If there is a statute, rule, or policy, is prospective jurors’ race/ethnicity informationavailable to judges and counsel for the parties before jury selection commences?The premise of the study, which we discuss in the Introduction and Section II, is thatracial/ethnic representation and diversity matter to jury decision-making and hence justice —and that they cannot be achieved unless courts take a race-conscious approach to jury serviceand selection. If adopted, our recommendations alone will neither ensure that juries are drawnfrom a fair cross-section of the community nor eliminate implicit, explicit, and institutionalracial bias in the selection of the seated jury. They are, however, essential steps towards thesegoals and the larger racial justice project.8Among the states whose courts ask prospective jurors to identify their race and ethnicity,there is no consistency in the form of the questions. We used “race/ethnicity” as a stand-infor the variety of ways state and federal courts collect, analyze, and make available jurors’ selfidentified race and ethnicity. Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty | viiAcquiring the answers to our research questions proved more difficult than we anticipatedfor the following reasons:y By “collect,” we mean that the state has an optional or mandatory collection system.In the former, the prospective juror is given a choice whether to provide race/ethnicityinformation in response to a question. In a few states, the race/ethnicity question is onthe driver’s license or state identification application form, and the responsive data isincluded in the jury source lists.9 In most states, the question is in a form provided toprospective jurors at the time of summons or appearance for service.y In many states that collect race/ethnicity data from prospective jurors, the fact that theydo so is generally ascertainable from the state’s applicable jury statutes or court rules.However, there are states whose statutory schemes give no indication thatrace/ethnicity data are collected, but whose juror qualification questionnaires show thatthe information is in fact requested or required.Overall, the relevant statutes, rules,and policies, and the questionnaires themselves were more difficult to locate than theyshould have been.y Even in states that collect race/ethnicity data, it can be burdensome to determinewhether the collecting authority — such as the state administrative office of the courtsor the local court administration — provides the information to the trial judge andcounsel. State statutes and judicial rules do not uniformly address the issue, whichnecessitated extensive outreach to court administrators and trial attorneys.y Determining that a state does not collect race/ethnicity data was similarly challenging.We did not identify any state that has an explicit policy or rule prohibiting collectionor advising against it. We therefore looked beyond statutes and judicial rules to juryplans and management guidelines, if available, and, of course, to juror questionnaires.In states with a uniform statewide qualification questionnaire, we could determinethat the form does not request race/ethnicity and the relevant statutes and rules giveno indication the information is otherwise required. However, many states apparentlyleave the contents of juror qualification questionnaires to the discretion of eachjudicial district or to individual trial judges. As our objective was to determine federaland statewide practices, we did not attempt to ascertain the number of local judicialdistricts whose juror questionnaires inquire about race/ethnicity.With these limitations, we made the following findings:y The national trend over the past several decades has been toward the collection ofrace/ethnicity information from prospective jurors. However, the long-term pace hasbeen glacial. As of 2023, a few more states appeared to be moving in this direction.Washington enacted legislation that requires the administrative office of the courts to“provide all courts with a method to collect data on a juror’s race, ethnicity” and otherdemographic characteristics. California passed legislation to launch a two-year pilot viiiin at least six counties, which will include data collection as part of a program to growjury participation and diversity by increasing juror compensation. Two states, Michiganand North Carolina, are considering legislation that would require race/ethnicity datacollection.y Nineteen states, the District of Columbia, and the federal district courts collect raceand ethnicity data on a state- or — in the District of Columbia and the federal courts— on a district-wide basis, either from source lists or directly from prospective jurors.Nebraska’s statewid [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.berkeley.edu/experiential/clinics/death-penalty-clinic/projects-and-cases/failure-to-collect-juror-demographic-data-contributes-to-jury-whitewashing/ ) [188] => Array ( [objectID] => 23904 [title] => Arbitrary and Capricious: Examining Racial Disparities in Harris County’s Pursuit of Death Sentences [timestamp] => 1713916800 [date] => 24/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/arbitrary-and-capricious-examining-racial-disparities-in-harris-countys-pursuit-of-death-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on February 2024. Texas has executed more people than any other state. However, out of the 254 counties in Texas, 136 have never sent an individual to death row. Harris County—Texas’s largest county and home to the city of Houston—stands out as the “death penalty capital of the world.” Harris County has executed more people than any state in the United States except Texas3 and is responsible for a quarter of the 1,124 people who have been sent to Texas’s death row since 1973. [texte] => Texas Defender Service Feb. 2024 Arbitrary and Capricious Examining Racial Disparities in Harris County’s Pursuit of Death SentencesiiIntroduction Texas has executed more people than any other state. However, out of the 254 counties in Texas, 136 have never sent an individual to death row.1 Harris County—Texas’s largest county and home to the city of Houston—stands out as the “death penalty capital of the world.”2 Harris County has executed more people than any state in the United States except Texas3 and is responsible for a quarter of the 1,124 people who have been sent to Texas’s death row since 1973.4 Despite this, polls have suggested that support for the death penalty among Houstonians is now at a record low—just 20%.5 Notwithstanding the steep decline in local support for the death penalty,6 Harris County, through its district attorney’s office, continues to seek and obtain new death sentences. Given the historical context of being a county within a former slave-owning state, race has long played a part in the administration of criminal law in Harris County. Race continues to play such a role even in modern times. A significant illustration of this unfolded in 2017 when the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its opinion in Buck v. Davis. The Supreme Court ruled that Duane Buck’s 1997 trial in Harris County was tainted and required reversal. This decision was influenced by expert testimony presented to the jury highlighting Mr. Buck’s race as directly relevant to whether he deserved a death sentence. A psychologist had testified that the fact that Mr. Buck was Black made him more likely to commit criminal acts of violence in the future.7 Texas had urged the Supreme Court to dismiss the racialized testimony as having played only a “limited role” in the trial. The Supreme Court rejected that invitation, concluding that “[s]ome toxins can be deadly in small doses.”8 Since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Texas’s revised capital punishment statute in Texas in 1976, 72% of people who have received death sentences from Harris County are people of color.9 During this period, Harris County imposed the death penalty on 158 Black individuals, comprising 53% of all death sentences within the county. Out of the last 21 individuals for whom Harris County secured a capital murder conviction and death sentence, 20 have been people of color. Astonishingly, of the last 21 individuals sentenced to death in Harris County, 20 of them, or 95%, have been people of color.10 The overwhelming majority of these sentences came down during a 14-year span from November 2004 to August 2018, when Harris County sought a death sentence in 21 capital murder cases, resulting in 18 death sentences obtained exclusively against people of color. Since November 2004, 15 sentences have been against Black men. Three of those death sentences have since been permanently overturned, representing at least a 20% error rate in Harris County’s pursuit of death sentences against Black men since November 2004. Appellate briefs or post-conviction applications have been filed in 19 of the 21 death penalty cases. In filings from 17 of those cases, there are allegations that race influenced the trial or resulting death sentence in some way. The history of the 1death penalty in Texas tells us that these defendants’ claims of racial bias are not baseless arguments, but signs of real and widespread discrimination. These numbers call out for scrutiny of how Harris County administers capital punishment. The racially problematic use of the death penalty in Harris County continues to this day. During her term in office, Harris County District Attorney Kim Ogg has presided over the return of three new death sentences, two of which—or 67%—were against people of color. A fourth case from her tenure, which resulted in a death sentence for Ali Irsan in 2018, was handled by special prosecutors. Ogg’s office recused itself from Mr. Irsan’s prosecution. Additionally, District Attorney Ogg’s office has put to death two Black men. The men were prosecuted in the 1980s and 1990s when the Harris County District Attorney’s Office (“HCDAO”) was renowned for its racist practices. Both men had symptoms of intellectual disability, and one of the men, Arthur Brown Jr., had a compelling claim of actual innocence. District Attorney Ogg’s office failed to disclose exculpatory evidence in Mr. Brown’s case until the 11th hour, just weeks before his execution date, and then refused to stay Mr. Brown’s execution date to permit him to test DNA that could prove his innocence.11 Racism should play no part in how we administer justice in Harris County. Nowhere is this truer than when it comes to the death penalty. But as shown by our review of Harris County’s history and modern practices, racism continues to impact the criminal legal system in general—and the administration of the death penalty in particular—in Harris County. This is unacceptable. As the U.S. Supreme Court recognized in Buck, discrimination on the basis of race in our courts “injures not just the defendant, but the law as an institution, . . . the community at large, and the democratic ideal reflected in the processes of our courts.”12 Harris County is now the most ethnically diverse county in Texas.13 However, as a review of Harris County’s history reflects, the county has long been part of the problem. Going forward, it should be part of the solution. Harris County needs a justice system that protects the rights of all people, including residents of color. 2Discussion A History of Racism and Exclusion The Harris County District Attorney’s Office (“HCDAO”) does not exist in a vacuum. It is situated both in time, as an inheritor of past prosecutorial and judicial traditions, as well as in place, in a city of a former slave state that, after the Civil War, practiced de jure segregation. Consistent with this history, Houston’s communities of color have long been subjected to race-based exclusion, marginalization, and unfairness in all aspects of civic life. Between 1882 and 1928, Harris County was the site of four racial terror lynchings.14 In 1917, a military court sentenced 13 Black soldiers to death after an unfair military trial found them guilty of participation in a deadly race riot at Camp Logan.15 They were hanged just two weeks later without any chance to appeal. In 1977, Houston police officers brutally beat 23-year-old Mexican American Vietnam War veteran José Campos Torres. Instead of providing medical assistance, the officers threw him into the bayou, leading to his drowning. The officers faced state murder charges but were only given probation and a one-dollar fine.16 Significant Houston institutions have racist roots, reflecting the city’s historic outlook on equal participation in public life. Rice University, established in 1891, was chartered to cater to “the instruction of the white inhabitants,”17 and the University of Houston was initially “open only to whites.”18 These institutions were desegregated in the 1960s,19 but racial progress remained “hardwon” and “incomplete.”20 Houston’s public school system was also profoundly impacted by segregation. Even after the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation to be unconstitutional, many public schools in Harris County remained segregated.21 Efforts to integrate in the 1970s and 1980s often involved categorizing Hispanic students as white and then pairing them with Black students in a single educational institution, labeling the outcome as an integrated school.22 As the Civil Rights Project at UCLA wrote, this resulted in “putting two disadvantaged groups into the same schools, thereby helping to shelter whites.”23 Today, Houston schools remain some of the most highly segregated in the country.24 The city also continues to have a high level of residential segregation.25 Unsurprisingly, racism has historically been deeply ingrained in Harris County’s political system. Harris County residents have a long history of electing political candidates affiliated with racial terror groups. During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan successfully sponsored political candidates throughout Texas, including Harris County. In the 1922 Democratic primaries, Klan candidates carried all state-wide races in Texas; their largest margins of victory were in Houston and other East Texas cities.26 Historically, people of color were excluded from elected office in Harris County, especially its judiciary.27 Even as late as 1993, “the countywide election system consistently had resulted in an all-white bench, although 20% of the county’s electorate was African American and 22% Mexican American.”28 Harris County also has a history of pervasive racial discrimination in the judicial system. From its founding in 1870 until 1965, the Houston Bar Association required applicants to be “white.”29 Historically, Harris County court officials systematically excluded Black Americans from jury service. In 1900, a Harris County jury commissioner testified that African Americans were excluded from service on grand and petit juries because “negroes or persons of African descent had never been put on juries . . . in Harris County, within his recollection.”30 In 1940, the U.S. Supreme Court held the “conclusion was inescapable” that Harris County had applied Texas laws governing the selection of grand jurors “in such a manner as practically to proscribe any group thought by the law’s administrators to be undesirable.”31 Despite Black people comprising roughly 20% of the county’s population, only 5 out of 384 (1.3%) grand jurors between 1931 and 1938 were Black.32 Texas’s system for selecting grand 3jurors allowed for broad discretion, with an appointed “commissioner” responsible for choosing individuals to serve.33 While some com [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.texasdefender.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/TDS-Harris-County-Report-2024_WEB.pdf ) [189] => Array ( [objectID] => 23898 [title] => Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist [timestamp] => 1713916800 [date] => 24/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lethal-injection-in-the-modern-era-cruel-unusual-and-racist/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on April 2024. Researchers at Reprieve conducted an in-depth comparative study of botched lethal injection executions in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty, cross-referenced against the 1,407 lethal injection executions carried out or attempted during that period.This report examines the phenomenon of botched executions by lethal injection, exploring the trends and contributing factors leading to botched executions through an analysis of 73 botched executions in the 1,407 lethal injection executions since 1977 (known as the modern era of the death penalty in the U.S.). This analysis used a process called multi-variable logistic regression, a type of analysis that assesses the odds of something happening considering multiple variables, to assess how identifiable characteristics (gender, age, and race) were associated with botched executions. [texte] => Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist April 2024 1Findings at a glance Researchers at Reprieve conducted an in-depth comparative study of botched lethal injection executions in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty, cross-referenced against the 1,407 lethal injection executions carried out or attempted during that period. The research found that: • Black people had 220% higher odds of suffering a botched lethal injection execution than white people. • Botched lethal injection executions occurred whether a one-drug or a three-drug protocol was used, and regardless of whether the primary drug was sodium thiopental, pentobarbital or midazolam. • Botched lethal injection executions typically lasted a very long time. Over a third lasted over 45 minutes; over a quarter lasted an hour or more. • The odds of a botched lethal injection execution increased by 6% on average for each additional year of age. • In the state of Arkansas, 75% of botched lethal injection executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 33% of all executions. • In the state of Georgia, 86% of botched lethal injection executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions. • In the state of Oklahoma, 83% of botched lethal injection executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions. • Secrecy and haste were found to be factors contributing to increased rates of botched and prolonged executions. Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 2 Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 3 Contents Executive summary .............................................. 4 Methodology .................................................... 5 Key statistical findings at the national level ......................... 8 Racial disparities ..................................................... 8 Age .................................................................. 9 Prolonged executions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 IV access ............................................................ 11 Drug combinations .................................................. 11 Jurisdiction profiles ............................................. 11 Arkansas ............................................................ 12 Georgia ............................................................. 13 Oklahoma .......................................................... 14 Alabama ............................................................ 15 Ohio ................................................................ 15 Federal government ................................................. 16 Factors influencing botched executions ............................ 17 Secrecy in the execution process ..................................... 17 Secrecy around drug sourcing, quality and administration ............. 18 State concealment of problematic executions ......................... 21 Hasty executions .................................................... 23 Conclusion ..................................................... 24 Recommendations .............................................. 24 Acknowledgements ............................................. 25 References ..................................................... 26 Notes .......................................................... 34Executive summary lethal injection is the primary method of execution in the United States.1 When it was first adopted as a method of execution by Oklahoma in 1977, proponents argued it would be a quick and humane way to put people to death.2 It was claimed that the process would take around five minutes, with people painlessly falling asleep and dying less than two minutes after the final injection.3 These claims were not based on evidence or expertise.4 The reality is that lethal injection executions frequently result in prolonged painful deaths, which have become commonly known as “botched” executions. This report examines the phenomenon of botched executions by lethal injection, exploring the trends and contributing factors leading to botched executions through an analysis of 73 botched executions in the 1,407 lethal injection executions since 1977 (known as the modern era of the death penalty in the U.S.). This analysis used a process called multi-variable logistic regression,5 a type of analysis that assesses the odds of something happening considering multiple variables, to assess how identifiable characteristics (gender, age, and race) were associated with botched executions. One of the most significant findings to emerge from the regression analysis is that Black people had 220% higher odds of suffering a botched execution than white people, accounting for gender and age. Analysis of the lethal injection executions conducted in the modern era of capital punishment found that 8% of executions of Black people were botched (37 executions out of a total of 465 executions), compared to 4% of executions of white people in the same time period (28 out of a total of 780 executions). Black people had 220% higher odds of a botched execution than white people For decades, studies have documented that the death penalty disproportionately impacts Black people. Racial bias has a strong effect on who is capitally charged6, excluded from juries,7 sentenced to death,8 and ultimately executed.9 This new research shows that the racial disparities in capital punishment extend all the way to the execution chamber. In certain states, racial disparities in botched executions were particularly stark. For example: in the state of Arkansas, 75% of botched executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 33% of all executions; in the state of Georgia, 86% of botched executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions; and, in the state of Oklahoma, 83% of botched executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions. While the statistical analysis demonstrates a significant racial disparity in the rate people suffer botched executions, it is beyond its scope to provide a conclusive explanation as to why this occurs. The research does indicate that there are no easy answers: across the botched executions studied, similar issues arose whether the execution was of a Black person or a white person; yet in the case of Black people, the rate that executions were botched was significantly higher. Further research into why the odds were so much higher for Black people is needed, and should be considered in the context of extensively documented racism in the U.S. capital punishment system. Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 4 Executive summary Beyond the significant racial disparities identified by the research, this analysis also found that botched executions typically lasted an extremely long time: over one third (26) of botched lethal injection executions lasted more than 45 minutes, with over a quarter (19) lasting over one hour. The longest execution, of a Black man in Alabama in 2022, took over 3 hours. Age was also found to play a significant role in incidences of botched lethal injection executions, with regression analysis showing that the odds of a botched execution increased by 6% on average for each additional year of age, accounting for race and gender. Additional qualitative research suggests that factors relevant to botched executions included the deliberate secrecy surrounding the execution process, the use of unreliable and untested drugs, and hasty executions of multiple people. Methodology This report is based on an analysis of 73 botched executions, cross-referenced with data on all lethal injection executions performed or attempted between the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976 and December 2023, when this research was conducted. Over this period there were 1,402 lethal injection executions in total and five lethal injection execution attempts that were halted while in progress (for a total of 1,407 executions).10 The 1,407 executions included 1,391 males (99%), 780 white individuals (56%) and 465 Black individuals (33%). The average age at execution was 43, with 97 individuals aged 60 or over (7%).11 1,407 executions performed or attempted by lethal injection between 1976 and December 2023 To identify botched executions, researchers drew on four separately compiled datasets of botched executions: • A list of high-profile botched executions since 1976 compiled by Professor Michael Radelet and the Death Penalty Information Center12 • A list of botched executions compiled by Professor Austin Sarat up to 201013 • A 2006 report published by Human Rights Watch14 • Reprieve’s internal list of botched executions and attempted executions, last updated in December 2023.15 Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 5Methodology The data from each list was consolidated into a single database, with information on state, gender, age, race, the type of drug(s) used16 and full length of execution (if known) added.17 The data was standardized to ensure the executions identified were consistently categorized. Researchers consulted with medical experts to create a list of indicators of botched executions (detailed below), then analyzed each execution classified as botched across this list, assessing whether one or more of the botched execution indicators were present. The indicators were: 1. Evidence of consciousness after lethal drug(s) were administered (e.g., speaking; sitting up and moving); 2. Medical complications (e.g. an allergic reaction to the drug(s)); 3. Problems with drug(s) (e.g., the drug(s) solidifying and clogging the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/2024_04_17_PUB-Botched-lethal-injection-report-FINAL.pdf ) [190] => Array ( [objectID] => 24086 [title] => Gender Matters: Women on Death Row in the United States [timestamp] => 1713916800 [date] => 24/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gender-matters-women-on-death-row-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article presents a comprehensive study of 48 persons sentenced to death between 1990 and 2023 who presented as women at the time of their trials. This research is the first of its kind to conduct a holistic and intersectional analysis of the factors driving women’s death sentences. It reveals commonalities across women’s cases, delving into their experiences of motherhood, gender-based violence and prior involvement with the criminal legal system. This report also explore the nature of the women’s crimes of conviction, including the role of male co-defendants and the State’s use of aggravating factors. Finally, it reveals for the first time the extent to which capital prosecutions are dominated by men—including judges, elected District Attorneys, defense attorneys, and juror forepersons—and explain why gender matters in determining who lives and who dies [texte] => GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATESSANDRA BABCOCK, NATHALIE GREENFIELD, AND KATHRYN ADAMSONABSTRACTThis article presents a comprehensive study of 48 persons sentenced to deathbetween 1990 and 2023 who presented as women at the time of their trials. Ourresearch is the first of its kind to conduct a holistic and intersectional analysis ofthe factors driving women’s death sentences. It reveals commonalities acrosswomen’s cases, delving into their experiences of motherhood, gender-basedviolence and prior involvement with the criminal legal system. We also explore thenature of the women’s crimes of conviction, including the role of male co-defendants and the State’s use of aggravating factors. Finally, we reveal for thefirst time the extent to which capital prosecutions are dominated by men—includingjudges, elected District Attorneys, defense attorneys, and juror forepersons—andexplain why gender matters in determining who lives and who dies.We present our data against the backdrop of prevalent theories that seek to explainboth the rarity of women’s executions and the reasons why certain women aresingled out for the harshest punishment provided by law. We explain why thoseframeworks are inadequate to understand the role that systemic gender bias playsin women’s capital prosecutions. We conclude by arguing for more nuancedresearch that embraces the complexities in women’s capital cases and accounts forthe presence of systemic and intersectional discrimination. Sandra Babcock is a Clinical Professor of Law at Cornell Law School. Nathalie Greenfield is anAdjunct Professor of Law at Cornell Law School and an Associate Attorney and MitigationSpecialist at Phillips Black, Inc. Kathryn Adamson is a consultant with the Center on Gender andExtreme Sentencing and the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. The authors wish,first and foremost, to thank the women on death row who have shared their experiences with us.The authors are also very grateful to the numerous capital post-conviction lawyers who providedcritical information and documents that allowed us to carry out this research. Thank you to ourCornell faculty colleagues, especially John Blume and Sheri Johnson, who provided valuablefeedback. Thanks also to our excellent cohort of researchers and colleagues who helped us analyzeour data and think through methodological questions, including Maci East, JacquelineGroskaufmanis, Randi Kepecs, Paulina Lucio Maymon, Gabriela Markolovic, and Sofía LópezCartagena.Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES2CONTENTSINTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................4I. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................6II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .....................................................................................7III. PREVAILING THEORIES ABOUT WOMEN ON DEATH ROW ...................................9A. The Chivalry Theory ................................................................................... 9B. The Evil Woman Theory ............................................................................ 14IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN ON DEATH ROW ..............................................16A. Motherhood and Poverty .......................................................................... 17B. Gender-Based Violence ............................................................................. 18C. Poor Mental Health .................................................................................. 19D. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity ................................................... 22E. Prior Criminal History ............................................................................. 22V. GENDER OF TRIAL ACTORS..............................................................................25A. Does Gender Matter? ............................................................................... 25B. Gender of Trial Actors in Women’s Capital Cases .................................... 30VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN’S CRIMES OF CONVICTION ..............................32A. Crimes of Conviction ................................................................................ 32B. Victim Demographics ................................................................................ 38C. Aggravating Factors ................................................................................. 43D. Co-defendants ........................................................................................... 49VII. EMBRACING THE COMPLEXITY OF GENDER AND THE DEATH PENALTY............54Appendix A: Data on Women on Death Row .................................................... 58Appendix B: Data on Courtroom Actors ........................................................... 59Appendix C: Data on Characteristics of Women’s Crimes of Conviction ........ 60Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES3Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES4INTRODUCTIONWomen on death row are often a subject of fascination in the contemporaryUnited States. In spite—or perhaps because—of the small number of death-sentenced women nationwide, countless column inches and titillating televisionbroadcasts have fixated on their stories.1 Public commentators cast women who killas betrayers of the “fairer sex,” unfeminine “monsters,” and manipulative“murderesses” who defy gendered tropes of passivity and nurturing behavior.2 Thissensationalized coverage, however, has not advanced our understanding ofcondemned women’s backgrounds, crimes, and experiences in the legal system.Only a handful of scholars have studied women on death row, and few haveconducted empirical, intersectional research into the current death row population.3The limited previous scholarship on women’s capital cases has broadly sought toanswer two questions: first, why are so few women sentenced to death comparedto men? And second, what distinguishes the women who are sentenced to death—why these women?4 Legal scholars’ attempts to answer these questions have fallenshort, largely because they have relied on data that is anecdotal, inapposite, orincomplete.51 MARY WELEK ATWELL, WRETCHED SISTERS: EXAMINING GENDER AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 7(2nd ed. 2014).2 Scholars have documented how media coverage of women defendants focuses on genderedbehaviors that make them, in society’s eyes, morally “blameworthy” for the offense. See ElizabethK. Carll, News Portrayal of Violence and Women, 46 AM. BEHAV. SCIENTIST 1601 (2003); MARLINSHIPMAN, THE PENALTY IS DEATH: U.S. NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF WOMEN’S EXECUTIONS 6–10(2002); Chimene I. Keitner, Victim or Vamp? Images of Violent Women in the Criminal JusticeSystem, 11 COLUM. J. GENDER & L. 69–70, 78 (2002).3 Several scholars have conducted case studies or surveys of women sentenced to death in the UnitedStates, many of which focus primarily on the cases of women post-execution. See, e.g., JessicaSutton, John Mills, Jennifer Merrigan & Kristin Swain, Death by Dehumanization: ProsecutorialNarratives of Death-Sentenced Women and LGBTQ Prisoners, 95 ST. JOHN’S L. REV. 1053 (2021)[hereinafter Sutton, et. al., Death by Dehumanization]; Victor Streib, Rare and Inconsistent: TheDeath Penalty for Women, 33 FORDHAM URB. L. J. 101 (2006) [hereinafter Streib, Rare andInconsistent]; Joey L. Mogul, The Dykier, the Butcher, the Better: The State’s Use of Homophobiaand Sexism to Execute Women in the United States, 8 CUNY L. REV. 473 (2005) [hereinafter Mogul,State’s Use of Homophobia]; Elizabeth Rapaport, Staying Alive: Executive Clemency, EqualProtection, and the Politics of Gender in Women’s Capital Cases, 4 BUFFALO CRIM. L. REV. 967(2001) [hereinafter, Rapaport, Staying Alive]; DAVID BAKER, WOMEN AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT INTHE UNITED STATES: AN ANALYTICAL HISTORY (2015) [hereinafter BAKER, WOMEN AND CAPITALPUNISHMENT]; ATWELL, supra note 1; KATHLEEN A. O’SHEA, WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY INTHE UNITED STATES, 1900–98 (1999).4 See, e.g., Victor Streib, Death Penalty for Female Offenders, 58 U. CIN. L. R. 845, 872 (1990).5 See Section III, infra, for a discussion of previous scholarship.Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES5Our research charts a different course. We seek to understand how genderaffects women’s capital cases by examining the entire population of women ondeath row.6 Our data-driven approach eschews reductive theories about condemnedwomen and focuses instead on the facts of their pre-incarceration lives, thecircumstances that led to their arrest and conviction, and the characteristics of thosewho participated in their capital trials. By focusing on women—as opposed to, forexample, comparing a sample of women to death-sentenced men—we are able toexplore how women experience the criminal justice system as women, not merelyas comparators to the yardstick of men’s experiences.7This article continues a series of works exploring the gendered dynamics ofwomen’s capital cases from an intersectional perspective. Our first article on thistopic, published in 2023, examined women’s pre-incarceration histories of gender-based violence.8 Here, we shift our lens to women’s trials. We explore thecharacteristics of women on death row, the gender of legal actors involved in theircapital trials, and the crimes for which they were condemned to die. In so doing,we aim to expose common themes that unite them, as well as the complexities thatmake each woman unique.We begin the article by outlining our methodology and summarizing ourkey findings in Sections I and II, respectively. In Section III, we discuss and critiqueprevious schol [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4798360# ) [191] => Array ( [objectID] => 23894 [title] => TAIWAN: CONSTITUTIONAL COURT TO HEAR CHALLENGE TO DEATH PENALTY LAW [timestamp] => 1713830400 [date] => 23/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-constitutional-court-to-hear-challenge-to-death-penalty-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => On 23 April 2024 the Constitutional Court of Taiwan will hear a challenge on the constitutionality of the death penalty in the country. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are among several non-governmental organizations intervening in the case, in support of the full abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => On 23 April 2024 the Constitutional Court of Taiwan will hear a challenge on the constitutionality of the death penalty in the country. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are among several non-governmental organizations intervening in the case, in support of the full abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "TAIWAN: CONSTITUTIONAL COURT TO HEAR CHALLENGE TO DEATH PENALTY LAW" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [192] => Array ( [objectID] => 23891 [title] => Taiwan: Amicus Curiae submission by Amnesty International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to the Constitutional Court [timestamp] => 1713830400 [date] => 23/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/taiwan-amicus-curiae-submission-by-amnesty-international-and-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-to-the-constitutional-court/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on April 8, 2024. As the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China considers a challenge to the constitutionality of the death penalty, Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty submitted a joint amicus curiae intervention, to ensure the protection of the rights of all those under sentence of death. The amicus interveners argue that the use of the death penalty in the Republic of China constitutes a violation of human rights as guaranteed under the Constitution and international law and standards; and sets the country against the global trend, which remains overwhelmingly in favour of abolition. [texte] => AMICUS CURIAE SUBMISSION TAIWAN: AMICUS CURIAE SUBMISSION BY AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TAIWAN AND THE WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY BEFORE THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE CASE OF WANG XINFU, PETITION NO. 904052 OF 2022, AND 37 OTHERS 8 April 2024 ACT 50/7969/2024 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty hereby respectfully submit this joint amicus curiae intervention before the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China in the above case, with the purpose of ensuring the protection of the rights of all those under sentence of death in the Republic of China. 2. Under Article 20 of the Rules of Procedure of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China, “any person, authority, or association, other than the parties, who considers herself or himself having an interest in a case pending before the Constitutional Court, may make a motion to the Court, subject to its permission by a ruling, for the submission of expert opinion or information to be considered within the period of time prescribed by the Constitutional Court.” 3. Amnesty International is an international non-governmental organization dedicated to protecting and promoting the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international treaties throughout the world. Amnesty International is represented in the Republic of China through its Taiwan section (registration details above). The organization is a movement of over 10 million members, activists and supporters in more than 150 countries worldwide. It is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. 4. Amnesty International is recognized as an accurate, unbiased and credible source of research and analysis of human rights conditions around the world, including on the death penalty. Amnesty International conducts research and leads efforts to advance international human rights at the international, regional and national levels. It has formal relations with several human rights actors internationally and regionally. For example, Amnesty International has consultative status with the United Nations (UN) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Amnesty International has observer status before the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and is registered with the Organization of American States as a civil society organization. 5. Amnesty International has extensive experience in submitting amicus curiae briefs and other third-party submissions to international, regional and national courts to assist them in resolving fundamental questions of international law including the International Criminal Court, the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights, the Economic Community of West African States Court of Justice and other domestic courts including in Canada, Mexico, Sierra Leone, South Africa, the United States of America, Thailand and the United Kingdom. Amicus Curiae submission 1 ACT 50/7969/2024 1 6. Amnesty International has intervened as Amicus Curiae in challenges to the constitutionality of the death penalty in various jurisdictions, including South Africa and the Republic of Korea.1 7. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty unconditionally, for all cases and under any circumstances, as a violation of the right to life and as the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. The organization began its global campaigning to promote the abolition of the death penalty in December 1977, following the adoption of its programmatic statement in the Stockholm Declaration.2 8. Amnesty International is widely considered as an authoritative source of information on the global use of the death penalty. Every year, Amnesty International publishes figures on the global use of this punishment. These figures are used extensively by the media, governments, judiciaries and the United Nations (UN) when discussing the issue of capital punishment. Since 2007, the organization has also coordinated campaigning efforts in favour of the adoption by the UN General Assembly of repeated resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, including the most recent resolution 77/222 of 15 December 2022. 9. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions working together to campaign for the abolition of the death penalty globally. It was established in Rome on 13 May 2002. Amnesty International is a founding member. 10. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty aims at strengthening the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. The Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty coordinates advocacy by its members in favour of the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. 11. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has intervened as Amicus Curiae before the Supreme Court of the United States of America.3 12. Kao Yang-hui, a Board member of Amnesty International Taiwan, is representing five claimants. No input or legal assistance was sought from him by Amnesty International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in the preparation of this amicus curiae submission. 13. Amnesty International campaigns through its national office in the Republic of China, as well as internationally, on behalf of two claimants − Wang Xin-fu, the lead claimant, and Chiou Ho-shun. The campaign began before the current litigation process. 14. Cooperation between the applicants, other amicus interveners and Amnesty International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in relation to the preparation of this amicus curiae intervention has been limited to coordinating the topic of the submission to prevent duplication with other briefings. 15. No monetary remuneration has been sought from, or provided to, the petitioner, or their agents in relation to this amicus curiae submission. 16. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty have not received, nor are providing to others, monetary remuneration or funding in relation to the preparation of this amicus curiae submission. 17. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty bear their own costs for this amicus curiae intervention and submission. 1Constitutional Court of South Africa, Minister of Home Affairs and Others v Emmanuel Tsebe and Others 2012 (5) SA 467 (CC); Constitutional Court in the Republic of Korea, case file number 2019Hun-Ba59 (decision pending). 2Amnesty International, “Declaration of Stockholm. Conference on the Abolition of the Death Penalty” (ACT 50/001/1977), 11 December 1977, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/001/1977/en/ 3Supreme Court of the United States of America, James Erin McKinney v. Arizona, Brief of the Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty as Amicus Curiae in Support of the Petitioner, No. 18-1109. ACT 50/7969/2024 2 Amicus Curiae submission 2. SUPPORT OF A PARTY’S POSITION 18. In its announcement on 25 January 2024, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China announced that as part of this case it would consider a number of issues.4 Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty submit this amicus curiae briefing to aid the Constitutional Court in deciding the first question, as follows: 18.1. Is the death penalty, as one of the statutory penalties, unconstitutional? 18.2. In addition to depriving the right to life, does the death penalty interfere with other constitutional rights, such as the right to freedom from torture, human dignity? 18.3. What are the purposes pursued by the death penalty system? Are they all constitutional? 18.4. Is the use of the death penalty as a means to achieve the above-mentioned purposes allowed by the Constitution of the country to deprive the people of their constitutional rights? If the death penalty is considered unconstitutional, what other criminal sanctions are sufficient to replace the death penalty? Or what supporting measures should be taken? 3. CLAIM 19. In response to the question raised by the Court, the amicus interveners submit that the use of the death penalty in the Republic of China constitutes a violation of human rights as guaranteed under the Constitution of the Republic of China (Articles 8 on personal freedom and procedural guarantees in case of arrest and conviction; and 15 on the right to existence), which are also guaranteed under international law. 20. The amicus interveners submit further that, while no executions have been recorded in the Republic of China since 2020, the retention of the death penalty in the Republic of China sets the country against the global trend, which remains overwhelmingly in favour of its abolition. 21. The amicus interveners further submit that international human rights law and standards set out aims and principles to be applied to alternative punishments, which are discussed in this briefing. 4. SUMMARY OF REASONS 22. The interveners submit that: 22.1 the death penalty violates the human rights to life and not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as reflected in the development of international and national law; 22.2 state practice shows that the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7969/2024/en/ ) [193] => Array ( [objectID] => 23883 [title] => Advanced search [timestamp] => 1713225600 [date] => 16/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recherche-en/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [194] => Array ( [objectID] => 23855 [title] => Algolia Update [timestamp] => 1712793600 [date] => 11/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/algolia-update/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [195] => Array ( [objectID] => 23846 [title] => “Don’t let them kill us”: Iran’s relentless execution crisis since the 2022 uprising [timestamp] => 1712188800 [date] => 04/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dont-let-them-kill-us-irans-relentless-execution-crisis-since-the-2022-uprising/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2024.This research briefing documents the horrifying surge in executions in Iran in 2023, the highest in eight years. More than half of the executions were for drug-related offences amid a distressing return to a lethal antinarcotics policy since Ebrahim Raisi’s rise to presidency in 2021. With systemic impunity in Iran, the briefing reiterates the need for states to initiate criminal investigations under the principle of universal jurisdiction into crimes under international law committed by Iranian officials, irrespective of the absence or presence of the accused in their territory. Since the “Woman Life Freedom” uprising of September-December 2022, the Iranian authorities have weaponized the death penalty to create a pervasive climate of fear across the country, exert control over the population, and suppress dissent and any challenge to their iron grip on power. As a result, 2023 saw an exponential increase in the number of recorded executions. The authorities executed at least 853 people in 2023, a 48% increase from 2022 when 576 people were executed and a 172% increase from 2021 when 314 people were executed. Amnesty International believes that the real number of executions is higher, but the Iranian authorities are not transparent about the number of people executed each year and do not make data on executions publicly available. [texte] => “DON’T LET THEM KILL US” IRAN’S RELENTLESS EXECUTION CRISIS SINCE THE 2022 UPRISING RESEARCH BRIEFING “DON’T LET THEM KILL US” IRAN’S RELENTNESS EXECUTION CRISIS SINCE THE 2022 UPRISING Amnesty International 2 CONTENTS 1. __ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3 2. __ METHODOLOGY ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 3. __ DEATH PENALTY WEAPONIZED AS A TOOL OF REPRESSION __________________________________________________________ 6 3.1 EXECUTIONS FOR ACTS THAT SHOULD NEVER RESULT IN THE DEATH PENALTY ________________________________________________ 9 3.2 OPPRESSED ETHNIC MINORITIES DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED BY DEATH PENALTY _________________________________________ 12 3.3. SYSTEMIC FAIR TRIAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS_______________________________________________________________________ 14 4. __ PROTEST-RELATED EXECUTIONS ___________________________________________________________________________ 17 4.1 EXECUTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE “WOMAN LIFE FREEDOM” UPRISING ________________________________________________ 18 4.2 INDIVIDUALS AT RISK OF PROTEST-RELATED EXECUTIONS _____________________________________________________________ 19 5. __ DRUG-RELATED EXECUTIONS _____________________________________________________________________________ 21 5.1 BALUCHI MINORITY DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED _______________________________________________________________ 22 5.2 REGRESSIVE OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AGAINST 2017 REFORMS __________________________________________________________ 24 5.3 LETHAL LEGAL INITIATIVES __________________________________________________________________________________ 25 6. __ EXECUTIONS OF THOSE ARRESTED AS CHILDREN ________________________________________________________________ 26 6.1 EXECUTION OF A 17-YEAR-OLD CHILD __________________________________________________________________________ 26 6.2 NEW DIRECTIVE, SAME OLD PROPAGANDA _______________________________________________________________________ 27 7. __ INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ______________________________________________________________________________ 30 7.1 DEATH PENALTY _________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 7.2 FAIR TRIAL RIGHTS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 31 8. __ CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ______________________________________________________________________ 32 8.1 RECOMMENDATIONS TO IRANIAN AUTHORITIES ____________________________________________________________________ 33 8.3 RECOMMENDATIONS TO ALL UN MEMBER AND OBSERVER STATES _______________________________________________________ 34 Cover picture portrays the faces of some of the men, women and child victims of executions in 2023 in Iran. © Private The title of this research briefing quotes Majid Kazemi, Saeed Yaghoubi and Saleh Mirhashemi, who wrote “Don’t let them kill us” on a note that was smuggled out of prison two days before they were arbitrarily executed on 19 May 2023 in relation to the 2022 “Woman Life Freedom” uprising. This research briefing documents the horrifying surge in executions in Iran in 2023, the highest in eight years. More than half of the executions were for drug-related offences amid a distressing return to a lethal antinarcotics policy since Ebrahim Raisi’s rise to presidency in 2021. With systemic impunity in Iran, the briefing reiterates the need for states to initiate criminal investigations under the principle of universal jurisdiction into crimes under international law committed by Iranian officials, irrespective of the absence or presence of the accused in their territory. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since the “Woman Life Freedom” uprising of September-December 2022, the Iranian authorities have embarked on a brutal killing spree, using the death penalty as a tool of oppression to create a pervasive sense of fear across the country, exert control over the population, and tighten their grip on power at any cost. In 2023, executions soared, with at least 853 people executed across the country, marking a 48% increase from 2022 and a 172% increase from 2021. At least 545 people (64%) were executed for acts that should never result in the death penalty under international law, including for acts that are protected by the rights to privacy and freedom of expression, religion or belief; for overly broad and vaguely worded charges that do not meet the principle of legality; and for drug-related and other offences not involving “intentional killing”. The spike in executions is largely attributed to a distressing return to a lethal anti-narcotics policy since Ebrahim Raisi’s rise to presidency and Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei’s appointment as the Head of the Judiciary, both in 2021. Since then, the downward trend in drug-related executions from 2018 to 2020, during which the Iranian authorities executed between 20 and 30 people for such offences annually, was reversed. In 2023, the authorities carried out at least 481 drug-related executions, constituting 56% of the total number of executions. This marks an 89% increase from 2022 when 255 people were executed for drug-related offences and a 264% increase from 2021 when 132 people were executed for drug-related offences. The use of the death penalty continued to disproportionately impact Iran’s oppressed Baluchi ethnic minority, which constitutes only about 5% of Iran's population but accounted for 20% of all executions in 2023, with at least 172 Baluchi men and women executed. Of these 172 executions, 138 were for drug-related offences, accounting for 29% of all drug-related executions, further exposing the discriminatory effect of the authorities’ lethal anti-narcotics strategy on the most marginalized and impoverished communities. The authorities also used the death penalty to punish individuals who had challenged or were perceived as having challenged the Islamic Republic establishment and its politico-religious ideologies. In 2023, the authorities executed at least seven people in connection with nationwide protests – six in connection with the “Woman Life Freedom” protests of September-December 2022 and one in connection with the nationwide protests of November 2019. Additionally, the authorities executed at least two social media users for “apostasy” and “insulting the Prophet of Islam” (sabbo alnabi) and at least six individuals belonging to oppressed ethnic and/or religious minorities for their real or perceived affiliation with political groups deemed “hostile” by the authorities. In a shocking escalation in their use of the death penalty against child offenders, authorities executed a 17-year-old boy – Hamidreza Azari – and misrepresented his age as 18 in state media to evade accountability. Four other individuals who were under 18 at the time of the crime were also executed. At least 520 people (61%) were arbitrarily executed after conviction and sentencing by Revolutionary Courts, which lack independence and operate under the influence of security and intelligence bodies. Revolutionary Courts exercise jurisdiction over drug-related and national security offences. Proceedings by such courts are inherently unfair with defendants being systematically denied fair trial rights, including to adequate defence, to meaningfully challenge the legality of their detention, to presumption of innocence, not to self-incriminate and to meaningful review. Revolutionary Courts also repeatedly rely on torture-tainted “confessions” to convict and sentence people to death. The execution crisis in Iran both stems from and exacerbates a wider crisis of systemic impunity for the arbitrary deprivation of life. Security forces, prosecutors and judges collaborate in a relentless assault on the right to life. Amid domestic calls for the abolition of the death penalty, including from death row prisoners, the Iranian authorities have doubled down and persisted with their state-sanctioned killing spree which has turned prisons into killing fields, celebrating the swift application of the death penalty against “DON’T LET THEM KILL US” IRAN’S RELENTNESS EXECUTION CRISIS SINCE THE 2022 UPRISING 3 Amnesty International protesters and presenting their inhumane, lethal anti-narcotics strategy as “an effort to keep humanity alive” that is worthy of global praise. Without a robust global response, Amnesty International fears that the Iranian authorities will continue using the death penalty as a tool of oppression to execute thousands more people in the coming years. To record the number of executions carried out in 2023, Amnesty International worked closely with Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre, drawing from open sources, and reviewed the execution logs of Iran Human Rights and Kurdistan Human Rights Network. Amnesty International also reviewed legal documents, official letters and statements, and interviewed informed sources with direct knowledge about individuals executed in 2023 or at risk of execution. Amnesty International calls on the Iranian authorities to: • Quash all convictions and death sentences issued following unfair trials, and release all individuals whose detentions are rendered arbitrary on account of severe non-observance of fair trial rights, in particular those involving reliance on “confessions” extracted under torture and other illtreatment. If charged with internationally recognizable offences, individuals must be retried in proceedings that meet the most rigorous international fair trial standards, excluding “confessions” obtained under torture and other ill-treatment, and without recourse to the death penalty. Immediately and unconditionally release all those convicted and sentenced to death, indicted, or undergoing investigations solely for the exercise of their rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly. • Immediately establish an official [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde13/7869/2024/en/ ) [196] => Array ( [objectID] => 23838 [title] => Progress and impediments on path to abolition in U.S. [timestamp] => 1712102400 [date] => 03/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/progress-and-impediments-on-path-to-abolition-in-u-s/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => When President Biden won the 2020 election, he became the first successful U.S. presidential candidate to publicly oppose the death penalty. [texte] => When President Biden won the 2020 election, he became the first successful U.S. presidential candidate to publicly oppose the death penalty. (more…) "Progress and impediments on path to abolition in U.S. " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [197] => Array ( [objectID] => 23833 [title] => The Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2023 [timestamp] => 1711584000 [date] => 28/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023.At the end of 2023, 34 countries retained the death for drug offences. In July 2023 Pakistan took the landmark decision to remove the death penalty from the list of punishments that can be imposed for certain violations of its Control of Narcotics Substances Act. This year also saw notable progress in Malaysia, which abolished the mandatory death penalty for all offences, including drug-related ones. This reform may impact the lives of over 700 people on death row for drug offences and bring the country one step closer to total abolition of capital punishment. In stark contrast to these positive developments is the record-high number of drug-related executions in 2023 at least 467. Of those executed, at least 59 people belonged to ethnic minority groups (in Iran and in Singapore), 13 individuals were foreign nationals, and six were women. These figures confirm that these groups are uniquely vulnerable to capital punishment as a tool of drug control. Despite not accounting for the dozens, if not hundreds, of executions believed to have taken place in China, Vietnam, and North Korea, the 467 executions that took place in 2023 represent a 44% increase from 2022. [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUG OFFENCES: GLOBAL OVERVIEW 2023The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2023 Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré, and Ajeng Larasati © Harm Reduction International, 2024 ISBN: 978-1-915255-02-0 Designed by ESCOLA Published by Harm Reduction International 61 Mansell Street, Aldgate London E1 8AN E-mail: office@hri.global Website: www.hri.global Harm Reduction International (HRI) envisions a world in which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights. We use data and advocacy to promote harm reduction and drug policy reform. We show how rights-based, evidence-informed responses to drugs contribute to healthier, safer societies, and why investing in harm reduction makes sense. HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.INTRODUCTION Harm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences1 worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our 13th on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences,2 a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights and drug control standards. This year marks the beginning of a new approach to our flagship publication. Every edition of this report will provide key data and updated categories, as well as high-level developments at the national and international level. A deeper analysis of developments and trends will be published in the 2024 edition and on alternate years. The methodology used for both reports remains the same.3 HRI opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception. 1. 2. 3. 4 Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug- related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under national laws. For the purposes of this report, this definition excludes activities which are not related to the trafficking, possession or use of controlled substances and related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting or abetting a crime). HRI’s research also excludes countries where drug offences are punishable by death only if they involve, or result in, intentional killing. Unless specified, the source for all figures and information provided in this report is an internal HRI dataset on death sentences and executions for drug offences, available upon request from the authors. For a complete description of HRI’s methodology please see Harm Reduction International (2023), ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2022’, pag. 6. Available at: https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/ the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/. CATEGORIES To demonstrate the differences between law and practice among states where the death penalty can be imposed for drug offences, HRI categorises countries into ‘high application’, ‘low application’, or ‘symbolic application’ states. High Application States are those in which executions for drug offences were carried out and/or at least ten drug-related death sentences were imposed per year in the past five years. Low Application States are those where executions for drug offences have not been carried out in the past five years but where death sentences for drug offences were imposed in the same period. Yet, the confirmed number of drug-related death sentences does not meet the threshold required for classification as ‘high application’. Bangladesh, Egypt, Iraq and Yemen are low application countries confirmed to have carried out executions in 2023, but not for drug offences. The section below, therefore, only provides f igures on death sentences and death row populations.4 4. Symbolic Application States are those that have the death penalty for drug offences within their legislation but have not carried out executions nor sentenced individuals to death for drug offences in the past five years. Oman and the USA are symbolic application countries confirmed to have carried out executions in 2023, but not for drug offences. A fourth category, insufficient data, denotes instances where there is simply not enough information to classify the country accurately. HRI acknowledges that there is no consensus regarding the definition of ‘death row’ and that different authorities and organisations may collect data differently. The information provided by HRI may include f igures collected by countries and organisations according to different criteria. 5COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 33 High Application 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 6 China Indonesia Iran Kuwait Malaysia North Korea (DPRK) Saudi Arabia Singapore Vietnam Low Application 10. Bahrain 11. Bangladesh 12. Egypt 13. Iraq 14. Lao PDR 15. 16. 17. Pakistan Sri Lanka State of Palestine (Gaza) 18. Thailand 19. United Arab Emirates 20. Yemen 1 17 35 13 24 34 22 25 12 31 7 4 3 10 15 28 20 30 Symbolic Application 21. Brunei Darussalam 22. Cuba 23. India 24. Jordan 25. Mauritania 26. Myanmar 27. Oman 28. Qatar 29. South Korea 30. South Sudan 31. Sudan 32. Taiwan 33. United States of America Insufficient Data 34. Libya 35. Syria 20 27 19 23 11 16 6 14 26 18 5 8 32 9 21 2 29 7THE DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUG OFFENCES: GLOBAL OVERVIEW 2023 • By the end of 2023, 34 countries retained the death penalty for a range of drug offences worldwide, one less than in 2022. • In July 2023, Pakistan abolished the death penalty for drug offences, the f irst country to do so in over a decade. • Drug-related executions were confirmed in five countries (China, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Singapore). Executions are assumed to have been carried out in North Korea and Vietnam but state secrecy and censorship in these countries prevent confirmation of a minimum figure. • At least 467 drug-related executions were carried out (excluding figures from China, Vietnam, and North Korea). This represents a 44% increase from 2022, and a staggering 1450% increase from 2020 (the year with the lowest number of executions since HRI s tarted monitoring this practice). • Drug offences were responsible for roughly 42% of all executions confirmed globally. This is the highest recorded figure since 2016. • A significant step backwards was witnessed in Kuwait, where one drug-related execution took place, the first since 2007. 1. 8 • 375 death sentences for drug offences were confirmed in 16 countries (see tables on High Application States and Low Application States below). This represents a 20% increase in reported sentences from 2022. • At least 3000 people are currently on death row for drug offences in 19 countries.1 • Confirmed figures may be a gross underestimate of the scope of the phenomenon due to a persistent lack of transparency and censorship on information pertaining to the use of the death penalty. Dozens, if not hundreds, more drug-related death sentences are likely to have been imposed and executed throughout the year. Bahrain, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Pakistan, State of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen. MINIMUM CONFIRMED EXECUTIONS FOR DRUG OFFENCES (2014—2023) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 527 762 369 289 98 116 30 131 324 467 9GLOBAL OVERVIEW At the end of 2023, 34 countries retained the death for drug offences. In July 2023 Pakistan took the landmark decision to remove the death penalty from the list of punishments that can be imposed for certain violations of its Control of Narcotics Substances Act. This year also saw notable progress in Malaysia, which abolished the mandatory6 death penalty for all offences, including drug-related ones. This reform may impact the lives of over 700 people on death row for drug offences and bring the country one step closer to total abolition of capital punishment. In stark contrast to these positive developments is the record-high number of drug-related executions in 2023 - at least 467. Of those executed, at least 59 people belonged to ethnic minority groups (in Iran and in Singapore), 13 individuals were foreign nationals, and six were women. These figures confirm that these groups are uniquely vulnerable to capital punishment as a tool of drug control. Despite not accounting for the dozens, if not hundreds, of executions believed to have taken place in China, Vietnam, and North Korea, the 467 executions that took place in 2023 represent a 44% increase from 2022. Ninety-eight percent of known drug-related executions took place in Iran. DRUG OFFENCES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR ROUGHLY 42% (ALMOST ONE IN TWO) OF ALL EXECUTIONS CONFIRMED GLOBALLY THROUGHOUT 2023 – THE HIGHEST RECORDED FIGURE SINCE 2016. Drug-related executions were confirmed in five countries: China, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Singapore. Executions for drug offences are also highly likely to have taken place in Vietnam and North Korea but this cannot be confirmed due to censorship. 6 10 In line with the definition by the UN Human Rights Committee in General Comment 36 (CCPR/C/GC/36), the death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishment that can be imposed following a conviction for at least certain categories of drug offences (without regard to the circumstances of the offence or the offender). Mandatory sentences hamper judicial sentencing discretion, and thus, according to international human rights standards, they are inherently arbitrary.Confirmed death sentences for drug offences increased by more than 20% from 2022. A minimum of 375 people were sentenced to death for drug offences, of which at least 31 were foreign nationals, and 15 were women. Roughly half of all death sentences for drug offences were passed by courts in Vietnam (188+) and a quarter in Indonesia (114+). The remaining quarter were imposed in 14 other countries. Information gaps on death sentences persist, meaning many [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2023/ ) [198] => Array ( [objectID] => 23818 [title] => Unveiling Singapore’s Death Penalty Discourse: A Critical Analysis of Public Opinion and Deterrent Claims [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/unveiling-singapores-death-penalty-discourse-a-critical-analysis-of-public-opinion-and-deterrent-claims/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/article-singapore-march-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => While Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) maintains a firm stance on the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking in Singapore, the article presents evidence suggesting that the methodologies and interpretations of these studies might not be as substantial as portrayed. [texte] => While Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) maintains a firm stance on the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking in Singapore, the article presents evidence suggesting that the methodologies and interpretations of these studies might not be as substantial as portrayed. (more…) "Unveiling Singapore’s Death Penalty Discourse: A Critical Analysis of Public Opinion and Deterrent Claims" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [199] => Array ( [objectID] => 23808 [title] => Centre d’Études en Droits Humains et Démocratie (CEDHD) [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/centre-detudes-en-droits-humains-et-democratie-cedhd/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cedhd-logo-500x314.jpg [extrait] => C.E.D.H.D. provides a forum for collective reflection, exchange, research and training. It has a network of national and international experts who contribute to the implementation of these programmes and activities. The CEDH’s mission is to contribute to the promotion of a human rights culture through training, studies, publications and the creation of forums for debate […] [texte] => C.E.D.H.D. provides a forum for collective reflection, exchange, research and training. It has a network of national and international experts who contribute to the implementation of these programmes and activities.The CEDH's mission is to contribute to the promotion of a human rights culture through training, studies, publications and the creation of forums for debate between the various players involved in strengthening the rule of law.CEDHD also lobbies parliament and the government to revise legislation and develop public policies that take human rights into account.Since its creation in 2005, the CEDHD has organised nearly 60 seminars and training workshops, and has published more than 50 studies, reports, seminar proceedings and guides.It has reached more than 2,649 people from various sectors: magistrates, police, DGAPR, NGOs, political party executives, young people, women, journalists and lawyers. Nearly 35,000 copies were distributed to these various groups.The plenary session elects a steering committee (made up of lawyers, doctors, academics and human rights specialists), which manages the Centre, draws up and implements action plans with the support of an administrative structure and calls on a network of experts where necessary.It has acquired recognised expertise in policy analysis and evaluation, and is a source of proposals through its memorandums and notes on specific issues addressed to the public authorities. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [200] => Array ( [objectID] => 23790 [title] => Humanity Diaspo [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/humanity-diaspo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HUMANITY-DIASPO-1.jpg [extrait] => WOMEN’S HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT NGO Humanity Diaspo is a non-profit, humanitarian, development, TechForGood and feminist non-governmental organisation (NGO). Humanity Diaspo is independent of any political, religious or philosophical movement. Humanity Diaspo’s aim, where appropriate in partnership with local entities, is to support people in situations of distress, exile and migration, precariousness and exclusion in all […] [texte] => WOMEN'S HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT NGO Humanity Diaspo is a non-profit, humanitarian, development, TechForGood and feminist non-governmental organisation (NGO). Humanity Diaspo is independent of any political, religious or philosophical movement. Humanity Diaspo's aim, where appropriate in partnership with local entities, is to support people in situations of distress, exile and migration, precariousness and exclusion in all its forms. It promotes gender equality, particularly in the workplace, and respect for human rights, especially the rights of women and girls. It works to promote access to education, water, health and hygiene as well as access to vocational training and income-generating activities for these populations, particularly women and girls, thereby promoting the empowerment of populations and respect for human dignity. Humanity Diaspo operates in France and abroad within the limits of the applicable legal provisions, both in development contexts and in emergency situations.As part of its human rights advocacy work, Humanity Diaspo has been heavily involved in the fight against the death penalty since its inception, and has written several articles on the subject with a gender focus as a feminist organisation to combat the invisibility of the death penalty for women. Humanity Diaspo has taken part in the last two ECPM world congresses, in Brussels in 2019 and Berlin in 2022, and, in line with its actions, has decided to join this coalition unofficially in order to share and strengthen its advocacy. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [201] => Array ( [objectID] => 23780 [title] => Youth Safety Awareness Initiative (Crime Si Poa®) [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/youth-safety-awareness-initiative-crime-si-poa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/crime-si-poa-logo.png [extrait] => Youth Safety Awareness Initiative mission is to promote social justice and a crime-free society through education, advocacy and social enterprise, targeting children and young people. Youth Safety Awareness Initiative primarily focus on discouraging at-risk and vulnerable youth from engaging in criminal activities and addressing threats to peace through behavioral and attitudinal change, while promoting the […] [texte] => Youth Safety Awareness Initiative mission is to promote social justice and a crime-free society through education, advocacy and social enterprise, targeting children and young people. Youth Safety Awareness Initiative primarily focus on discouraging at-risk and vulnerable youth from engaging in criminal activities and addressing threats to peace through behavioral and attitudinal change, while promoting the benefits of a crime-free society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [202] => Array ( [objectID] => 26955 [title] => SUARAM Malaysia Human Rights Report 2023: Abolition of the mandatory death penalty [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/suaram-malaysia-human-rights-report-2023-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Chapter 12 of SUARAM’s Malaysia Human Rights Report 2023 highlights the abolition of the mandatory death penalty in Malaysia and its significance for human rights. The chapter provides an in-depth look at the legislative reforms, the implications for justice, and the challenges ahead in transitioning towards a more humane penal system. It underscores the importance of continued advocacy for complete abolition. [texte] => THE ABOLITION OF THE MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY – THE PATH AND WAY FORWARDAuthor: Ngeow Chow YingPeer Reviewer: Sara KowalIntroduction – Latest Amendments to the LawOn 3 April 2023, Malaysia’s Dewan Rakyat (Parliament’s House of Representatives) passed two Bills, the Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Bill 2023 (DR7) and the Revision of Sentence of Death and Imprisonment for Natural Life (Temporary Jurisdiction of the Federal Court) Bill 2023 (DR8). These Bills were subsequently passed in the Dewan Negara (Senate), received the Royal Assent and became effective on 4 July 2023 and 12September 2023 respectively. This is significant for Malaysia towards the abolition of the death penalty. According to the Death Penalty Information Centre, the abolition of the death penalty is increasingly a global trend in recent decades 535 , as many countries have either abolished it or discontinued using it. Amnesty International’s Death Sentences and Executions 2022Global Report shows that as of December 2022536, almost three quarters of the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice (144 countries), with only 55 countries retaining capital punishment. Of the 144 countries, 112 countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes, 9 countries abolished it for ordinary crimes and 23 countries retained it, but have not carried out executions for at least the past 10 years.Malaysia’s Progress Acknowledged Malaysia received international applause for this progress. Human Rights Watch called it “an important step towards aligning with international human rights norms and globalopposition to capital punishment”538. United Nations Human Rights experts “hailed a decision by the Malaysia parliament to revoke the country’s mandatory death penalty, adecision that could potentially spare the lives of 1300 prisoners”. Domestically, the news was widely reported. Momentum towards abolition of the mandatory death penalty has been building up since the previous government, where substantive consultations and advocacy helped in gaining consensus that the mandatory death penalty should be abolished, and the courts be given the discretion to deliver theappropriate sentence. Thus, the Bills were passed with no strong objection or pushback.In a nutshell, the Acts:1. abolish the mandatory death penalty for 12 offences 540 and replace it with lifeimprisonment of 30-40 years and 12 strokes of the cane;2. abolish the death penalty for seven offences541 and replace it with life imprisonmentof 30 - 40 years and 12 strokes of the cane;3. abolish natural life imprisonment and replace it with life imprisonment of 30-40 years;4. introduce transitional measures to ensure that the amended punishment is applicableto those who are already undergoing trials or have been convicted;5. introduce a revision mechanism by granting the Federal Court a temporaryjurisdiction to review the death sentence and natural life imprisonment for those whohave already exhausted legal remedies; and6. repeal the conditions in Section 39B(2A) and (2B) of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952,to make it a full discretion of the Court in deciding whether death penalty or thealternative punishment of life imprisonment (30-40 years) and 12 strokes of the cane,is suitable for a drug trafficking case.The Acts have effectively reduced the number of crimes punishable with death; removed the mandatory nature of the death penalty for all crimes, thus giving the Court thediscretion in sentencing; taken away imprisonment by natural life; and provided a resentencing process for people who have been sentenced to death mandatorily and areon death row to have mitigation factors reconsidered.The Prime Minister’s Department’s (Jabatan Perdana Menteri, JPM) Legal Affairs Division (Bahagian Hal Ehwal Dan Undang-Undang, BHEUU) issued a press statement outlining the policy decision542 on this commendable reform. The statement shows that the government seems to have taken into consideration that the death penalty should not be imposed for offences that do not result in the death of a victim. For example, for Sections 3 and 3A of the Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971, relating to discharge or accomplices to discharge of firearms with intent to cause death or hurt when committing or attemptingto commit an offense, the death penalty is completely removed and replaced with 30-40 years of imprisonment and whipping. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/SUARAM-MALAYSIA-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT-2023_Chapter12-1.pdf ) [203] => Array ( [objectID] => 23753 [title] => The unprecedent shift in attitudes towards abolition in the US [timestamp] => 1711065600 [date] => 22/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-unprecedent-shift-in-attitudes-towards-abolition-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DPCI-report-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2023 report highlights a rising trend towards abolition in the US, evidenced by a decrease in states conducting executions and heightened backing for individuals asserting innocence. In 2023, the United States witnessed 24 executions, 21 death sentences, and three exonerations, reflecting this evolving trend. [texte] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2023 report highlights a rising trend towards abolition in the US, evidenced by a decrease in states conducting executions and heightened backing for individuals asserting innocence. In 2023, the United States witnessed 24 executions, 21 death sentences, and three exonerations, reflecting this evolving trend. (more…) "The unprecedent shift in attitudes towards abolition in the US" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [204] => Array ( [objectID] => 23748 [title] => Entry into force of Armenia’s ratification of the European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances [timestamp] => 1711065600 [date] => 22/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/entry-into-force-of-armenias-ratification-of-the-european-protocol-for-abolition-in-all-circumstances/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/20231019_Armenia-ratification-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In February 2024, Armenia’s ratification of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances entered into force. Armenia was already abolitionist for all crimes and a State Party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at […] [texte] => In February 2024, Armenia’s ratification of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances entered into force. Armenia was already abolitionist for all crimes and a State Party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Entry into force of Armenia’s ratification of the European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [205] => Array ( [objectID] => 23744 [title] => Annual Report On the Death Penalty in Iran 2023 [timestamp] => 1710374400 [date] => 14/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on March 5, 2024This report has been drafted by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) with the support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since 2012, Iran Human Rights and ECPM have been working together for the publication, international release and distribution of annual reports on the death penalty in Iran.The 16th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides an assessment and analysis of the 2023 death penalty trends in 2023 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2023, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2023 are also included in the tables. The report also looks into the abolitionist movement within Iran, including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to reducing the use of the death penalty, and provides analysis on how the international community can contribute to limiting the scope of the death penalty in Iran. The 2023 report is the result of hard work from Iran Human Rights members and supporters who took part in reporting, documenting, collecting, analysing and writing of its contents. We are especially grateful to Iran Human Rights sources inside Iran who incur a significant risk by reporting on unannounced and secret executions in prisons of 30 different provinces. Due to the very difficult context, the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations that human rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this report does not give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran by any means. There are 46 reported executions which are not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details or an inability to confirm cases through two different sources. However, it aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possible in the present circumstances. The current report does not include suspicious deaths in custody, death row prisoners who died in prison before the executions or those killed under torture. ECPM supports the elaboration, editing process, publishing and distribution of this report in the framework of its international advocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency on the data and information about the death penalty in Iran should be overcome by a strong strategy of distribution and dissemination. The overall objectives of this report for Iran Human Rights and ECPM are to call attention to and publicise the facts, in order to change national and international views on the situation of the death penalty in Iran, first executioner country in the world. [texte] => ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 202323 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN2023Cover photo: The public hanging of Afghan nationals Mohammad Ramez Rashidi andNaeim Hashem Ghotali in Shiraz, on 8 July 20231.Back photo: Families of death row prisoners protesting outside the Judiciary buildingin Tehran, on 24 May 2023.This report has been drafted by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) withthe support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since2012, Iran Human Rights2 and ECPM3 have been working togetherfor the publication, international release and distribution of annualreports on the death penalty in Iran.Layout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)Printing: Imprim’ad hoc© IHRNGO, ECPM, 2024ISBN: 978 2 491354 30 5ISSN: 2966-8093 1 https://iranhr.net/en/articles/6042/ 2 http://iranhr.net/en/ 3 http://www.ecpm.org/en/45 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 Glossary 7 FOREWORD10 PREFACE11 2023ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE12 INTRODUCTION15 SOURCES16 FACTS AND FIGURES22 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK22 International treaties26 Iranian law33 The Anti-Narcotics Law35 PROCEDURES35 From arrest to proof of guilt45 EXECUTIONS IN PRACTICE45 Charges46 Executions for moharebeh, baghyand efsad-fil-arz in 202349 Executions related to protests in 202354 Executions for rape and sexual assault in 202355 Executions for blasphemy in 202356 Executions for adultery in 202356 Executions for drug-related charges in 202363 Executions for murder charges: Qisas70 SHARE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AND CRIMINAL COURTS IN 2023 EXECUTIONS72 PUBLIC EXECUTIONS73 Rising number of public executions75 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EXECUTIONS77 Secret and unannounced executions81 EXECUTION CATEGORIES81 Juvenile offenders85 Women88 Ethnic minorities90 Foreign citizens91 Dual citizens94 WAYS TO RESTRICT THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN94 Sustained domestic campaigningand international pressure97 CATEGORIES OF THE DEATH PENALTY WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENT97 Juvenile executions97 Public executions98 Qisas100 MOVEMENTS PROMOTING ABOLITION AND MOBILISING CIVIL SOCIETY INSIDE IRAN103 FORGIVENESS MOVEMENT104 REPRESSION OF ABOLITIONIST ACTIVISTS108 RECOMMENDATIONS111 ANNEXES111 Annex 1: Executions per capita in each province112 Annex 2: List of resolutions and reports adoptedby the United Nations and European Parliament,mentioning the death penalty in Iran115 Annex 3: Analysis of the UPR recommendationson the death penalty in the last three cycles116 Annex 4: At risk of execution6 7 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023GLOSSARYBaghy Armed rebellion against the Islamic rulerDiya Blood moneyEfsad-fil-arz Corruption on EarthElm-e-qazi Knowledge of the judgeErtedad ApostasyEstizan Authorisation required by the Headof Judiciary for qisas executionsFiqh Islamic jurisprudenceHadd (pl. hudud) Fixed punishment for offences mandatedby ShariaLavat SodomyMoharebeh Enmity against GodMosahegheh Lesbian sexQadf False accusations of sodomy or adulteryQassameh Sworn oathQisas Retribution-in-kindSabol-nabi Insulting the prophetSharia Islamic ruleTa’zir Punishment for offences at the discretionof the judgeTafkhiz Intercrural sexZena AdulteryFOREWORDSince 2018, five leading personalities, lawyers and human rightsdefenders have prefaced the Annual Report on the Death Penalty inIran. As their timeless and essential words are as relevant today asthey were when written, we are resharing them in memory of RobertBadinter, the French Justice Minister who enacted the abolition ofthe death penalty in France in 1981 who sadly passed away on 9February 2024.2018, SHIRIN EBADI (Lawyer and 2003 Nobel Peace Prize laureate):“Many individuals subjectedto this punishment (thedeath penalty) in Iran comefrom ethnic groups and, fortunately, legal experts,defenders of human rightsand civil society organisations deal with this punishment with increasing importance. Several organisationsprotest by publishing reportswhich aim to draw international attention to this issue. What is in frontof you is one of the most authoritative reports in this regard and scrutinising it will shed light on different aspects of this punishment.”42019, ROBERT BADINTER (The late former French Minister of Justice,Honorary Chair of ECPM):“Iran and its people, heirs toa long and glorious history,deserve better than thisbloody record. The inevitableand imminent day when thedeath penalty will disappearfrom Iran will be a day ofjubilation, a victory for lifeover death, for all abolitionists – and first of all those inIran.”54 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2018, p. 5,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/08/Rapport-iran-2018-gb_DEF_BD.pdf5 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2019, p. 5,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/08/Rapport-iran-2019-gb-070420-WEB.pdf8 9 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN20232022, ATENA DAEMI (Human Rights Defender and Former PoliticalPrisoner):“And yet the fight to abolishthe death penalty continues,as fortunately, a large partof society has realised theinhumanity of this punishment and its inefficacy indeterring criminal offences.The government’s efforts topresent the death penalty asreligiously and legally legitimate have failed. The publicdemands the complete abolition of the death penalty. We activistsof the right to life will continue this struggle until that has beenachieved.”88 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2022, p. 7,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2023/04/Rapport-iran-2023-gb-280623-bdcouv.pdf2020, NARGES MOHAMMADI (Human rights defender and 2023Nobel Peace Prize laureate, currently jailed in Evin Prison, Iran):“One of the most seriouscauses I have fought for inmy life has been the abolition of the death penalty inIran. It is unacceptable toend a life, no matter whatthe justification may be. I amnot opposed to punishingcriminals; criminals will continue to be punished untilthe root causes of theircrimes are eradicated, but crimes persist and this is neither a desirable, nor an acceptable outcome for society. It is difficult for me tosee the children left behind after the execution of their mother and/or father. Not only do those children lose their parents, but they cannot even talk about them due to societal shame. They lose everything, and it remains to be seen what horrific fate awaits them.”62021, MOHAMMAD RASOULOF (Award-winning Iranian filmmakerand abolitionist):“Employees at the relevantagencies, as well as militaryforces, judicial officers, prosecutors, judges and manyothers who are directly orindirectly involved in theimplementation of the deathpenalty, are not sufficientlyaware of the important rolethey play in this system andsee their role as insignificantand ineffective. They need to learn to accept personal responsibilityas part of this chain. It is essential for this group to be directly orindirectly educated by abolitionists so that they may have the courage to engage in overt or covert disobedient action.”76 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2020, p. 7,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/10/Rapport-iran-2021-gb-290321-HD.pdf7 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2021, p. 7,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/08/Rapport-iran-2022-gb-260422-MD3.pdf10 11 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023PREFACEThe 16th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rightsand ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides an assessment and analysis of the 2023 death penalty trends in 2023 in theIslamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2023,the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework andprocedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2023 are also included in the tables.The report also looks into the abolitionist movement within Iran,including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to reducing the use of the death penalty, and provides analysis on how theinternational community can contribute to limiting the scope of thedeath penalty in Iran.The 2023 report is the result of hard work from Iran Human Rightsmembers and supporters who took part in reporting, documenting,collecting, analysing and writing of its contents. We are especiallygrateful to Iran Human Rights sources inside Iran who incur a significant risk by reporting on unannounced and secret executions inprisons of 30 different provinces. Due to the very difficult context,the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations thathuman rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, thisreport does not give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran by any means. There are 46 reported executions whichare not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details oran inability to confirm cases through two different sources. However,it aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possiblein the present circumstances.9 The current report does not includesuspicious deaths in custody, death row prisoners who died in prisonbefore the executions or those killed under torture.ECPM supports the elaboration, editing process, publishing anddistribution of this report in the framework of its internationaladvocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency on the data and information about the death penalty inIran should be overcome by a strong strategy of distribution anddissemination. The overall objectives of this report for Iran HumanRights and ECPM are to call attention to and publicise the facts, inorder to change national and international views on the situationof the death penalty in Iran, first executioner country in the world.109 See below, section “Sources”.10 Per capita.2023ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE• At least 834 people were executed in 2023, a 43% increasecompared to 582 in 2022.• 125 executions (15%) we [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/reports/37/#:~:text=The%20report%20documents%20a%20staggering,than%2020%20years%20in%20Iran. ) [206] => Array ( [objectID] => 23697 [title] => ICJ Kenya Makes Gender Discrimination in Capital Punishment Visible [timestamp] => 1709856000 [date] => 08/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/icj-kenya-makes-gender-discrimination-in-capital-punishment-visible/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/women-and-death-penalty-in-kenya-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Kenya is one of a few target countries for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s “Gender and the Death Penalty” campaign; a campaign that is being conducted in collaboration with its member organisations in the country, namely the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya) and the Kenya Human Rights Commission. [texte] => Kenya is one of a few target countries for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s "Gender and the Death Penalty" campaign; a campaign that is being conducted in collaboration with its member organisations in the country, namely the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya) and the Kenya Human Rights Commission. (more…) "ICJ Kenya Makes Gender Discrimination in Capital Punishment Visible" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya [1] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [207] => Array ( [objectID] => 23690 [title] => Does care have to be at the periphery if crime is at the centre? A conversation that unspools the various threads tying feminism with crime. [timestamp] => 1707955200 [date] => 15/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/does-care-have-to-be-at-the-periphery-if-crime-is-at-the-centre-a-conversation-that-unspools-the-various-threads-tying-feminism-with-crime/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on January 30, 2024.The Third Eye invited Maitreyi Misra of Project 39A to help us think through our central idea: why do we need a feminist way of looking at crime, and how does that help the larger goal of social justice?Project 39A is inspired by Article 39-A of the Indian Constitution, a provision that furthers the intertwined values of equal justice and equal opportunity by removing economic and social barriers. Using empirical research to re-examine practices and policies in the criminal justice system, Project 39A aims to trigger new conversations on legal aid, torture, forensics, mental health in prisons, and the death penalty. [texte] => Skip to contentOpen toolbarAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable Font ResetSkip to contentMenuहिंदीSearchSearch...StructureDoes care have to be at the periphery if crime is at the centre?A conversation that unspools the various threads tying feminism with crime.Maitreyi MisraTue 30 Jan 2024Volume 005: CrimeThe symbol of the heart and growing leaves, introduce the element of humanity, regeneration and care, growing from the darkness. Artwork by Devika SundarThe Third Eye invited Maitreyi Misra of Project 39A to help us think through our central idea: why do we need a feminist way of looking at crime, and how does that help the larger goal of social justice?Project 39A is inspired by Article 39-A of the Indian Constitution, a provision that furthers the intertwined values of equal justice and equal opportunity by removing economic and social barriers. Using empirical research to re-examine practices and policies in the criminal justice system, Project 39A aims to trigger new conversations on legal aid, torture, forensics, mental health in prisons, and the death penalty. You can access their discourse building work here. TTE: When we say ‘a feminist way of looking at crime’, what do you think it means? What are its possibilities?Maitreyi: By a feminist approach, I specifically mean the ethics of care articulated by the philosopher Virginia Held, which understands that people are intrinsically interrelated, as opposed to the model of the independent, self-sufficient individual of liberal theory. Care ethics also challenges the traditionally accepted ‘correct’ way of understanding the world as masculine — with its ideas of right, wrong and the constituents of moral action. Conceived by Professor Carol Gilligan in the 1980s, this understanding of ethics had a great impact, and the people working in this field began thinking of ways to apply care ethics to the law. I think the criminal justice system is an important area that we might want to apply that approach to.The ethics of care also pushes back against a unidimensional approach towards both the victim and the accused. They may be labelled as such in a specific context, but that is not all they are; their identities must not be restricted to these labels.Hence, a feminist lens on crime takes account of the criminal act, but is not solely concerned with it. By which I mean that a feminist lens allows us to look at crime not just as the outcome of an individual’s actions, but also in the light of its context and relationality, and accounts for those aspects as well. This lens would require us to pull back from the moment of a particular violence and look at the larger contexts: the one in which the crime was situated, and the one in which the perpetrator came to be. And therein lie the possibilities.Applying a feminist lens to questions of crime and criminality requires us to not focus on individual causes of crime and punishment, but on the breakdown in collective, familial and societal relationships that engenders violence. A feminist ethic guides us to paths that move away from looking at the crime or the criminal in a vacuum or as the only legitimate starting points.Generally, conversations on feminist thinking and crime focus on sexual violence (perpetrator male, victim/survivor female), and our responses to it encompass thinking about changing social attitudes to sexual violence, the survivor’s needs, the offender’s accountability (often in terms of punishment and often punishments other than the death penalty). But, I think, it is equally important to talk about a feminist ethic when it comes to other offences; for instance murder or different offender and victim/survivor profiles, such as a female offender and male victim or a child victim.A feminist ethic would locate a large part of individual and collective violence in notions of empathy, and it won’t stop at a simple ‘the offender had no empathy for the victim’ narrative. Instead, it would also look at the kind of care and empathy provided to the offender by those around him; particularly and most importantly the State. Did the State do enough to nurture and care for this person throughout their lives? What values has the State been promoting generally, which, in turn, have played a role in the offender’s life?This is not to say that the person perpetrating violence should not be held accountable — that is a necessary part of a feminist ethics; but questions of responsibility and accountability, the quantum and modes in which they are imposed need to be in line with that larger ethic.In short, a feminist way of looking at crime insists that questions of criminal justice should not be seen as distinct from questions of social justice.How does a feminist framing look at the purpose and goal of punishment?A feminist ethic challenges the widely accepted purpose and goal of punishment. It requires us to revisit fundamental questions such as what we mean by harm, to whom is it caused, and by whom. It will also enquire into the context of the person accused of the criminal act and the environment they grew up in; it will incorporate those aspects in the quantum of accountability. A serious feminist inquiry into questions of crime and punishment would need to undo a lot of assumptions built into the system and redesign the way we approach the world around us.For instance, it will need to challenge the widely accepted rationales for punishment, such as retributive justice (or theory of just deserts). Just deserts is centred on concerns of proportionate deservedness in punishment, that is: an accused deserves to be punished for the harm they have caused, and the harm inflicted on them by the punishment must not be more than the harm they have caused.Questions of deservedness are built into almost all systems of punishment, so is the focus on harm caused by the offender and the proportionate harm that should consequently be imposed on them. But a feminist ethic might look at the material, structural, familial and social deprivations that the offender was exposed to as a young person and the State’s lack of response to these deprivations, in order to determine how much to punish, whilst ensuring ways to address the specific needs of the person. The latter would necessarily require a collaboration with the accused person/prisoner and cannot be a top-down, one-size-fits-all approach.The other big possibility of a feminist lens is that it opens up ways of thinking about the State response to both - the offender and the needs of the victim/survivor - without pitching them as necessarily opposing forces.Let’s take the example of a man convicted of rape. Rather than forever condemning the person with the label of a ‘rapist’, a feminist ethic might engage with their life story first and delay engagement with the fact of the offence. The emotional, psychological and physical safety needs of the victim/survivor are not the same as the offender’s needs and have little do with the offender’s life. Yes, the harm was directly caused by the offender, and justice for the victim/survivor would include accountability, but a feminist lens doesn’t conflate questions of accountability with suffering (either of the offender or of the victim/survivor).What does a feminist lens open up that perhaps a gender lens doesn’t? I think feminist thought incorporates and diffuses gender roles, and does not conflate male with masculine and female with feminine.It seeks to look beyond gender as the primary lens of understanding a person, and enquires into roles people play vis-a-vis another person. In doing so, it opens up pathways that may lead us to incorporate and perform other identities as well. It recognises that just as a male/man has the potential to be a perpetrator, they can also be a victim and survivor (perhaps of different circumstances and injustices), and just as a female/woman and non-binary people can be victims and survivors, they also have the potential to inflict harm. An abusive mother and an abused daughter can be the same person; a male domestic help or cook (traditionally seen as female/feminine work) can be a muscular person (traditionally male attributes); a feminine woman driving a masculine man because he can’t drive… These are all examples of multiple roles and identities co-existing and flipping, depending on the context.How does the law look at personhood, and how is that different from the way feminist thought looks at at the same?Broadly speaking, the law — or more specifically for this context criminal law — looks at an individual as a fully autonomous, reasonable person who aspires for certain values and morals that motivate them. This is also a person on whom no external factors have any bearing and their motivations, actions, and omissions are only and only their own. And consequently follows the logic of accountability. So, it’s largely a context-absent view of an individual; theories of law have forever conceptualised the average person as an abstract, but with certain values/morals/attributes coded into them. These values and attributes are of course similar to those who have theorised these concepts — middle class, often white, often middle-aged men.Feminist thought allows for a fuller account of the perpetrator — in not only attributing responsibility — but also in answering crucial questions such as what deprivations (for example, emotional, social, material, opportunities) did the person face, what the purpose of that individual’s punishment should be, and what that particular person needs.In that sense it sees the individual as a person who is continuously moving in different ways, rather than as an entity fixed in time and space. Feminist thought would also change the way we conduct our trials — not in its core principles — but in the way the system responds to the person. Generally, persons who may be accused of rea [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://thethirdeyeportal.in/structure/does-care-have-to-be-at-the-periphery-if-crime-is-at-the-centre/ ) [208] => Array ( [objectID] => 23687 [title] => Somebody’s Child: Amid the Lingering Trauma of Trump’s Executions, a New Project Brings Families to Federal Death Row [timestamp] => 1707955200 [date] => 15/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/somebodys-child-amid-the-lingering-trauma-of-trumps-executions-a-new-project-brings-families-to-federal-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on February 11, 2024.In 2002, Ra’id was arrested alongside several other suspects following a botched bank robbery that left two people dead and another paralyzed. His co-defendants pointed to him as the mastermind, which Ra’id adamantly denied. “I did not take part in that atrocity,” he told the court following his trial. “I did not shoot and kill anyone.”Newson attended his father’s sentencing hearing, along with his mother, Jeannie Gipson-Newson. A death sentence would be “devastating to my child,” she remembered testifying. But it felt futile. The jurors seemed to have made up their minds. In 2004, Ra’id was sentenced to die. [texte] => Search for:POLITICSJUSTICENATIONAL SECURITYWORLDTECHNOLOGYENVIRONMENTBECOME A MEMBER SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONSVOICESPODCASTSVIDEOSDOCUMENTSABOUTPOLICIES AND REPORTSBECOME A SOURCEJOIN NEWSLETTER© THE INTERCEPTALL RIGHTS RESERVEDTERMS OF USEPRIVACYDonald NewsonSOMEBODY’S CHILDAmid the Lingering Trauma of Trump’s Executions, a New Project Brings Families to Federal Death RowDONATEDonald Newson at his home in Atlanta on Jan. 31, 2024. Photo: Lynsey Weatherspoon for The InterceptLiliana SeguraFebruary 11 2024, 8:00 a.m.DONALD NEWSON ENTERED the U.S. penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, with a mix of nerves and excitement. He had not seen his father, Nasih Khalil Ra’id, in almost 20 years. Born Odell Corley, Ra’id was sent to federal death row when Newson was just a teenager. Although he insisted he’d been wrongfully convicted, his hope of freedom faded over time, and he fell out of contact with his son. Now 35, Newson wondered if his father would even recognize him. The last time they were together, Newson was just a skinny kid. “I definitely didn’t have a beard.”Growing up, Newson did not know the details of his father’s case. Ra’id was simply the dad with a playful sense of humor who loved Prince and kung fu movies and teaching his son to weightlift. Although his parents separated when Newson was young, he’d seen Ra’id frequently; the year before his father’s arrest, Newson traveled from his home in Atlanta to spend the summer in Michigan City, Indiana, where Ra’id ran a car wash and spent nights working security at the zoo. “We would look at all the animals and basically get like a backstage pass,” Newson recalled.In 2002, Ra’id was arrested alongside several other suspects following a botched bank robbery that left two people dead and another paralyzed. His co-defendants pointed to him as the mastermind, which Ra’id adamantly denied. “I did not take part in that atrocity,” he told the court following his trial. “I did not shoot and kill anyone.”Newson attended his father’s sentencing hearing, along with his mother, Jeannie Gipson-Newson. A death sentence would be “devastating to my child,” she remembered testifying. But it felt futile. The jurors seemed to have made up their minds. In 2004, Ra’id was sentenced to die.Join Our NewsletterOriginal reporting. Fearless journalism. Delivered to you.I'm inLike many parents, Ra’id didn’t show his children he was struggling. “He never really liked to be a burden to anyone,” Newson recalled. After his first several years on death row, Ra’id stopped reaching out to Newson. When he later learned about his grandchildren, he was reluctant to form a relationship with them. “Even if they meet me, it will be behind glass,” Newson remembered him saying. “I couldn’t touch them. I couldn’t hug them.”In the spring of 2020, however, the Federal Bureau of Prisons began allotting hundreds of free phone minutes to people in federal custody under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. Ra’id began calling his son. Soon, they were talking multiple times a week. Ra’id’s grandchildren eventually “won him over,” Newson said. Before long, Ra’id was sending portraits of the kids drawn in his death row cell.Paintings by Donald Newson's father.Drawings that Nasih Khalil Ra’id made of his grandchildren hang on the walls of Donald Newson’s home in Atlanta on Jan. 31, 2024. Photo: Lynsey Weatherspoon for The InterceptLater that year, the Trump administration began carrying out the first federal executions in 17 years. One by one, Ra’id saw longtime neighbors taken to die. “It definitely was nerve-wracking for him,” Newson said. “He’s like, ‘People that I’ve been in here with for the last 10, 15 years … you see them get called and never come back.’” Like all his neighbors, Ra’id feared getting an execution date himself. In the end, he survived.In 2022, Ra’id’s legal team told Newson about a new program to help families visit loved ones on federal death row. The initiative was started by anti-death penalty activists who raised money to provide financial support for travel, lodging, and meals. Ra’id, who had always been firm that Newson should not spend money on him that could be spent on his kids, seemed enthusiastic. A self-described procrastinator, Newson did not fill out the paperwork right away. But last May, he flew from Atlanta to Indianapolis, where he was picked up by volunteers, then driven straight to the penitentiary.Things did not go according to plan. At security, Newson was told he was in violation of the dress code and would not be allowed inside. He called his ride and went to a nearby Walmart. By the time he returned in new clothes, there was only an hour left of visitation.Newson’s agitation dissipated when he spotted his dad. “It was a flood of emotions coming over me,” he said. The last time they’d seen one another, Ra’id was in the best shape of his life. Now Newson stared at his gray beard, overwhelmed by the years they had lost. He wanted badly to reach out but was stopped by the thick plexiglass. He struggled to understand the rationale. “I’m his son. What is he going to do to me?”The hour went quickly. By the end of Newson’s second visit that weekend, they had talked about virtually everything. Ra’id was eager to share what he was reading; he had recently finished “King Leopold’s Ghost,” about Belgium’s violent exploitation of Congo. He urged his son to pay attention to the state of politics in the U.S. “There are some things out there that should terrify you,” he said. “And you just gotta be ready for whatever’s coming.”Saying goodbye was “gut-wrenching,” Newson said. He resolved to apply for another visit, this time with his wife and kids.On the Monday after Thanksgiving, Ra’id turned 59 years old. When Newson wished him a happy birthday, he replied, “Ain’t nothing happy about this,” then changed the subject to his grandson, who was about to turn 10. He kept his son company on the phone the next day as Newson rushed to get his kids ready for school.On Thursday, Ra’id called early in the morning. Newson was in the middle of a serious conversation with his wife, so Ra’id said he would call back. He never did. The next day, during a break at work, Newson retrieved his cellphone from his locker and saw a flurry of messages from family members. Ra’id had been found unresponsive at the prison that morning. He was declared dead shortly afterward. The cause, Newson later learned, was suicide.Donald NewsonA drawing that Nasih Khalil Ra’id made of himself and his son, Donald Newson, right, before his death by suicide on federal death row. Photo: Lynsey Weatherspoon for The Intercept“We Have to Do Something”The Death Row Visitation Project was an attempt to make something good out of something horrific.Even for veteran abolitionists, the execution spree that began in Terre Haute in 2020 was an unprecedented nightmare: twelve men and one woman killed in the federal death chamber over the course of six months. The killings were carried out amid a deadly pandemic, and the virus spread among those who traveled to Terre Haute. By the last executions in January 2021, prison staff, death penalty lawyers, reporters, and the condemned men themselves had gotten sick with Covid-19, while the Supreme Court did nothing to intervene.Among those scarred by the executions was Bill Breeden, a longtime pacifist and Universalist minister who served as spiritual adviser to Corey Johnson, the 12th person put to death. Inside the execution chamber, officials refused to let Breeden deliver the statement he’d written with Johnson, words filled with love for Johnson’s family and remorse for his crimes. Breeden was especially haunted by the fact that Johnson had spent 29 years in solitary confinement without a visit from relatives. In the run-up to the execution, Breeden raised money from his congregation to bring Johnson’s family to Terre Haute. But Johnson’s legal team offered to cover the costs, leaving Breeden with unexpected funds.It’s not unusual for people on death row to become estranged from their families. The stigma of a death sentence compounds the practical challenges of staying in touch. Phone calls, stamps, and emails get expensive quickly — and visits are often prohibitive. While studies have consistently shown the importance of maintaining close ties to loved ones while in prison, they tend to be framed around reducing recidivism, which does not apply to people the government intends to kill. And though the BOP boasts a “policy to place individuals within 500 miles of their release residence, as available and appropriate,” the policy is irrelevant to people on federal death row.MOST READIndonesia: Perangkat Negara Siap Menangkan Pemilu untuk Jenderal PembantaiAllan NairnIndonesia State Apparatus Is Preparing to Throw Election to a Notorious Massacre GeneralAllan NairnErik Prince Calls for U.S. to Colonize Africa and Latin AmericaJon Schwarz“No matter where that person’s from, they are housed here in Terre Haute,” said Barbara Battista, an activist and Catholic sister with the local Providence of St. Mary-of-the-Woods, which has a longstanding relationship with the penitentiary. “That’s a real burden for persons with minimal resources, not just financial but emotional, psychological.”Like Breeden, Battista served as a spiritual adviser during the federal executions, accompanying two men, including Keith Nelson, who was among the first to die. “Keith was the one who said to me, ‘I want you to tell the world what goes on in here,’” she recalled. To her, this meant not only the chillingly sanitized ritual of lethal injection, but also the brutal isolation that generated so much suffering for the condemned and their loved ones. In conversations with Breeden, “we were like, ‘We have to do something about this,’” Battista said.“So many local people would visit if they could. The system is set up to fail human beings.”Helping families visit death row seemed like an ideal use of the le [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://theintercept.com/2024/02/11/federal-death-row-family-visitation/ ) [209] => Array ( [objectID] => 23685 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2023 [timestamp] => 1707955200 [date] => 15/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023.This is the eighth edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report. This annual publication presents changes in the death row population as well as political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty in India each year. The statistics are compiled through a combination of data mining of court websites, media monitoring and Right to Information applications. [texte] => ANNUALSTATISTICSREPORT2023DEATH PENALTYIN INDIA1PUBLISHED BYProject 39ANational Law University, DelhiSector 14, DwarkaNew Delhi 110078Published in February 2024National Law University, Delhi 2024All rights reservedSUPERVISIONNeetika VishwanathWRITINGLakshmi MenonSnehal DhoteRESEARCH ASSISTANCERehan Mathur (National Law University, Delhi)Mudrika Agarwal (National Law University, Delhi)Sarah (Gujarat National Law University)DESIGNJameela AhmedLIST OFCONTRIBUTORSINDEXList of Contributors 1List of Abbreviations 4Foreword 5Overview of Developments in 2023 7Prisoners on Death Row 11State-Wise Distribution of Persons onDeath Row 12Duration on Death Row 13Death Penalty Cases 2023 14Sessions Courts in 2023 15State-Wise Distribution of Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts 16Nature of Offence for Those Sentenced toDeath by Sessions Courts 18Death Penalty in Cases of Sexual Offences 20Duration Between Conviction and Sentencingin Sessions Court Death Penalty Cases 23Sentencing Material 26High Courts in 2023 28Other Death Sentence Proceedings 30Disposal of Death Penalty Cases by High Courts 312 3Nature of Offence at the High Courts in 2023 32Sentences Imposed by High Courts onCommutation of Death Sentence 34High Court Acquittals in 2023 36High Court Commutations in 2023 42High Court Confirmations in 2023 50High Court Remanded Cases in 2023 51Supreme Court in 2023 52Nature of Offence at the Supreme Court in 2023 54Supreme Court Sentences Imposed UponCommutation of Death Sentence in 2023 56Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions in 2023 57Supreme Court Acquittals in 2023 58Supreme Court Remanded Cases in 2023 63Supreme Court Commutations in 2023 66Mercy Petitions 69Developments in the Law 70International Developments 73Final Observations 76Corrections to Annual Statistics 784LIST OFABBREVIATIONSBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 BNSBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 BNSSBharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023 BSBCode of Criminal Procedure, 1973 CrPCIndian Evidence Act, 1872 IEAIndian Penal Code, 1860 IPC5This is the eighth edition of the Death Penalty in India: AnnualStatistics Report published by Project 39A at National LawUniversity, Delhi.2023 saw the highest number of persons on death row at the endof a calendar year in nearly two decades.1 There were 561prisoners under the sentence of death by the end of December2023, reflecting a 45.71% increase since we started publishingthese annual statistics in 2016. 2023 also saw a noticeabledecrease in the disposal of cases by the High Courts.Significantly, 2023 saw the lowest number of appellate courtconfirmations of death sentences since the compilation of ourAnnual Statistics in 2016. While the trial courts imposed 120 deathsentences in 2023, the appellate courts remained reluctant to usethe death penalty. The Supreme Court did not confirm any deathsentence in 2023. In the High Courts, only one death sentence wasconfirmed by the Karnataka High Court in a murder simplicitercase. In doing so, 2023 marks the lowest rate of death sentenceconfirmations by the appellate courts since 2000.Through a series of acquittals and remands in 2023, the SupremeCourt recognised serious lapses in police investigation andappreciation of evidence by trial courts in death penalty cases. Inall three of its commutation decisions in 2023, the Supreme Courtcontinued the trend of relying on reports pertaining to thepsychiatric evaluation, jail conduct and life circumstances of theaccused from previous years. These developments have found itsway to High Courts, with the Kerala High Court and TelanganaHigh Court calling for these reports in thirteen death sentenceconfirmation cases before them in 2023.This edition of the report follows the same methodology asprevious years. We relied on news reports to gather informationand updates on death sentences, which were then verified usingthe e-courts platforms of trial courts and appellate courts. Trialcourt judgments were tracked to examine their compliance withthe Supreme Court’s decision in Manoj and ors. v. State of MadhyaPradesh from May 2022, directing trial courts to proactively call1 Prison Statistics India, National Crime Records Bureau.FOREWORD6for and consider relevant materials (including psychologicalevaluation reports and jail conduct reports of the accused) whiledeciding the sentence.We would like to thank Sarah (IV Year, Gujarat National LawUniversity), Rehan Mathur (III Year, National Law University, Delhi)and Mudrika Agarwal (III Year, National Law University, Delhi) fortheir valuable efforts in compiling and verifying the data for thisreport.This report would not have been possible without the efforts ofVarsha Sharma, Pritam Raman Giriya and Ashna Devaprasad whowere instrumental in developing the original directory anddatabase on the death penalty in India. Lubhyathi Rangarajan,Peter John, Poornima Rajeshwar, Rahul Raman, NeetikaVishwanath, Preeti Pratishruti Dash, Gale Andrew, AishwaryaMohanty, Hrishika Jain and Adrĳa Ghosh have played key roles indeveloping previous editions of this report.7At the end of 2023, 120 death sentences were imposed by trialcourts and 561 prisoners were living under a sentence of death inIndia. This makes 2023 the year with the highest number ofprisoners on death row in nearly two decades, and the secondhighest since the turn of this century according to the NationalCrime Record Bureau’s Prison Statistics Reports.2 Over the years,the death row population has increased, with 2023 recording thethird consecutive year with the highest death row numbers since2004. The year 2023 also witnesses a 45.71% increase in thedeath row population since 2015.3The increase in the death row population can be attributed to thecomparatively slower rate of case disposal by High Courts overthe years. In a concerning update, the rate of disposal of deathpenalty confirmation proceedings at the High Courts in 2023 hasseen a decrease of 15.00% since the previous year. High Courtsdisposed of 57 death penalty cases involving 80 prisoners in 2023whereas in 2022 they disposed of 68 cases involving 101 prisoners.At the end of 2023, 303 cases involving 488 prisoners remainpending before 23 High Courts for confirmation proceedings. Thisdecrease in disposal comes in a year when the High Courts arefaced with the highest number of death row prisoners whosecases are pending disposal in its confirmation proceedings.Significantly, 2023 marks the lowest rate of death sentenceconfirmations by the appellate courts since the year 2000, withonly one death sentence being confirmed by the Karnataka HighCourt in a murder simpliciter case. Although appellate courts haveconfirmed very few death sentences over the years,4 a singleconfirmation across High Courts in one calender year signifiesfurther decline in the rate of confirmations at the High Courts.Similarly, this is the second calendar year after 2021 where theSupreme Court has not confirmed any death sentence.In a trend continuing since 2019, crimes involving sexual offencesformed the majority of death penalty cases at the trial courts.3 Project 39A, Death Penalty India Report (2016).4 Project 39A, Death Penalty India Report (2016).2 Prison Statistics India Report (2004), National Crime Records Bureau. The year2004 marked the highest death row population at 563 prisoners. The year 2023marks the highest death row population in the last 19 years.OVERVIEW OFDEVELOPMENTS IN 20238Nearly 53.30% of the 120 death sentences imposed by trial courtsin 2023 were for homicidal rape cases. Trial courts imposed deathsentences in 86.96% of its cases in the absence of any informationrelating to the accused.5 Despite the Supreme Court’s mandate inManoj v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2022),6 trial courts did not callfor the probation officers’ report, the report on psychiatricevaluation of the accused or their jail conduct.Acquittals and remands by the Supreme Court and the HighCourts in 2023 indicate significant concerns with the quality ofpolice investigations and appreciation of evidence by lower courtsin death penalty cases. The Supreme Court acquitted six prisonersin five cases and remanded two cases involving two prisonersto the trial court and the High Court respectively. In allthese decisions, the Supreme Court criticised lapses in theinvestigations and trials. In a particularly egregious case, NarayanChetanram Chaudhary was found by the Supreme Court to havebeen a child at the time of the offence - 28 years post hisimprisonment (with 25 years spent on death row).7 In a similar vein,High Courts acquitted 36 prisoners of all charges and remandedthree cases, involving five prisoners, to the trial court forsignificant lapses in the cross-examination of forensic evidenceand for the perfunctory nature of the sentencing exercise. Onewrit petition challenging the rejection of a mercy petition wasdecided by the Karnataka High Court, commuting the prisoner’sdeath sentence on the grounds of prolonged solitary confinementand unexplained delay by the executive in disposing the mercypetition.In a noteworthy update, the Kerala High Court and the TelanganaHigh Court directed professionals trained in social sciences andsocial work to assist the courts as mitigation investigators ingathering information on circumstances of the accused in pendingdeath penalty cases before them. These orders signify theimplementation of developments in the Supreme Court on capitalsentencing at the High Court level.5 Out of the 88 cases, judgements were accessible for 69 cases.6 Manoj v. State of Madhya Pradesh, Criminal Appeal No. 248 of 2015.7 Narayan Chetanram Choudury v. State of Maharashtra, Review Petition No. 1139 of2000.A three-judge bench of the Supreme Court had convened aConstitution bench in September 2022 to reconsider and pluggaps in the capital sentencing law.8 In December 2023, theSupreme Court directed relevant parties to file their submissions,indicating a potential hearing in 2024.In March 2023, the Supreme Court considered a writ petiti [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/annual-statistics-report-2023 ) [210] => Array ( [objectID] => 23682 [title] => Justice Project Pakistan, Pakistanis Imprisoned Abroad Database [timestamp] => 1707264000 [date] => 07/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-project-pakistan-pakistanis-imprisoned-abroad-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pakistan is counted among the countries that rely heavily on foreign remittances for economic stability and foreign reserves. However, despite its dependence on foreign remittances from migrant workers, Pakistan has done little to protect its vulnerable citizens from landing in foreign jails. As a result, Pakistan has seen a significant increase in the number of prisoners and executions abroad. Inadequate oversight and the lack of proper enforcement of existing protections is a literal death sentence for scores of Pakistanis who simply seek a better life and improved prospects for loved ones by working abroad. [texte] => JPP Logo Highres_00297Pakistanis Imprisoned AbroadPakistan is counted among the countries that rely heavily on foreign remittances for economic stability and foreign reserves. However, despite its dependence on foreign remittances from migrant workers, Pakistan has done little to protect its vulnerable citizens from landing in foreign jails. As a result, Pakistan has seen a significant increase in the number of prisoners and executions abroad. Inadequate oversight and the lack of proper enforcement of existing protections is a literal death sentence for scores of Pakistanis who simply seek a better life and improved prospects for loved ones by working abroad. See map below for country-wise breakdown of Pakistani prisoners. Zoom in for a better view on mobile screens. 14,378Total number of Pakistanis imprisoned abroad, as of December 2023Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs183Pakistanis executed overseas between 2010-2023.171 (93%) of these were in Saudi ArabiaSource: News Reports58%of Pakistanis imprisoned abroad are in UAEand Saudi ArabiaSource: Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Government of Pakistan has an obligation, under the Constitution and International law, to protect the fundamental rights of its citizens detained abroad. According to official estimates, there are over 14,000 Pakistani citizens languishing in jails across the world, with the highest number in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Greece, India and Iraq. Encouraged by the state, millions of Pakistanis emigrate to foreign lands to seek better opportunities, particularly in the Gulf countries. Pakistan is counted amongst the countries that rely heavily on foreign remittances for economic stability and foreign reserves. However, despite its dependence on foreign remittances from migrant workers, Pakistan must do more to protect these vulnerable citizens from landing in foreign jails. Pakistanis imprisoned abroad are at the mercy of local courts without access to lawyers, impartial translators, or adequate consular assistance from the Pakistani diplomatic missions. These destitute Pakistanis face the harshest punishments due to their lack of understanding of and assistance with the legal process, incapability to communicate directly with the court, and inability to produce evidence from Pakistan in their defence. Foreign nationals in conflict with the law face a heightened risk of harsh punishment and due process violations. As such, it is incumbent upon the Government of Pakistan to provide effective consular assistance and representation to all overseas Pakistani prisoners, and ensure that their fundamental rights are not violated. Furthermore, the Government of Pakistan should actively pursue the implementation of bilateral prisoner transfer agreements, with the aim of repatriating Pakistani nationals and allowing them to serve out their sentences in their home country.Browse By CountryThis section provides data on top 16 countries with the highest number of Pakistani prisoners, as of December 2023 (order: highest to lowest). Data on status of executions for each country is sourced from the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Click on the buttons to navigate between countries.United Arab EmiratesPAKISTANI PRISONERS5,292This is the highest number of Pakistanis imprisoned in any country. Most of the Pakistani prisoners in the UAE are imprisoned for drug offences.Source: Media Briefing by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 7 December 2023DOES THE COUNTRY EXECUTE?YESLast Pakistani sentenced to death was in 2022 over murder charges. The country currently has 10 death row prisoners but there is no information on whether it includes any Pakistanis.Source: The National News UAEPRISONER TRANSFER AGREEMENTSIGNEDIn 2020, Pakistan repatriated 1,200 prisoners from the UAE as part of the country’s “humanitarian efforts” during coronavirus pandemic.Source: Arab NewsThere are 1.29 million Pakistanis living in the UAE. The heavy flow of labour migration is an extremely important asset to both countries. Pakistani migrant workers in the UAE sent back $1.47 billion in remittances in FY2023. However, many Pakistanis in conflict with the UAE legal system are not afforded full access to their legal rights. These migrants find themselves in a foreign system without adequate access to impartial translators and legal counsel. They are at risk of facing the death penalty for a wide range of crimes.In 2014, the UAE denied a Pakistani national access to an impartial translator, and unlawfully enhanced his sentence retroactively. He remains incarcerated in Dubai, serving a lengthy and illegitimate sentence.Timeline2012:Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates finalise a Prisoner Transfer Agreement, allowing convicted Pakistani prisoners in the UAE to be repatriated on certain conditions.2020:In light of the Government of Pakistan’s humanitarian response to protect its citizens from the COVID-19 pandemic, 1200 Pakistani prisoners were repatriated from the UAE.2023:325 Pakistani prisoners are released by UAE authorities in celebration of the holy month of Ramadan.UAESaudi ArabiaGreeceIndiaIraqItalyOmanTurkeyUKChinaQatarBahrainMalaysiaIranSri LankaKuwaitStories of Overseas Pakistani PrisonersJPP Logo Highres_00297Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) is a legal action non-profit that provides pro-bono legal representation to the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the hardest punishments. Our clients include those facing the death penalty, the mentally ill and victims of police torture. In December 2016, JPP’s Executive Director was presented the National Human Rights Award by the President of Pakistan.jpp.org.pkinfo@jpp.org.pkcommunications@jpp.org.pkWebpage Design:Ema Anis in collaboration with Sikandar Vincent Khan (Communications team, JPP)Data Compilation & Visualization:Zille Huma (Data & Research team, JPP)Policy Analysis:Ayesha Gardezi and Haris Zaki (Advocacy and Policy team, JPP)Data Sources:Ministry of Foreign Affairs, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iran Human Rights, Amnesty International, Reprieve, Guardian, The Express Tribune, Dawn, Arab News, The National News UAE, Geo News PUBLICATIONS PRISON REFORMS PROJECT DEATH PENALTY DATABASE [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/overseaspakprisoners/ ) [211] => Array ( [objectID] => 23676 [title] => A/HRC/RES/54/35 Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1707264000 [date] => 07/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-res-54-35-resolution-adopted-by-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GE.23-20065(E)Human Rights CouncilFifty-fourth session11 September–13 October 2023Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentResolution adopted by the Human Rights Councilon 13 October 202354/35. Question of the death penaltyThe Human Rights Council,Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention againstTorture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and all otherrelevant international and regional human rights instruments, and reaffirming that all Statesmust implement their obligations under international human rights law,Recalling also the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,Recalling further General Assembly resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168of 18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012, 69/186of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December 2018, 75/183of 16 December 2020 and 77/222 of 15 December 2022 on the question of a moratorium onthe use of the death penalty,Reaffirming the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of persons facing the deathpenalty set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May1984 and the provisions regarding the implementation of the guidelines contained in Councilresolutions 1989/64 of 24 May 1989 and 1996/15 of 23 July 1996,Recalling all resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the question of thedeath penalty, the last of which was resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005,Recalling also Human Rights Council decision 18/117 of 28 September 2011 onreporting by the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, Council resolution22/11 of 21 March 2013 on a panel on the human rights of children of parents sentenced tothe death penalty or executed, Council decision 22/117 of 21 March 2013 on a high-levelpanel discussion on the question of the death penalty, and Council resolutions 26/2 of 26 June2014, 30/5 of 1 October 2015, 36/17 of 29 September 2017, 42/24 of 27 September 2019 and48/9 of 8 October 2021 on the question of the death penalty,Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the question of the deathpenalty, in the latest of which the Secretary-General focused on the relationship betweenUnited Nations A/HRC/RES/54/35General Assembly Distr.: General17 October 2023Original: EnglishA/HRC/RES/54/352articles 6 and 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, focusing on theright to seek pardon or commutation of sentences and the right to have one’s conviction andsentence reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law, in accordance with the safeguardsguaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty set out in the annex toEconomic and Social Council resolution 1984/50, and in which he analysed the applicablelegal framework and shared available data and examples of national practices,1Acknowledging the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty,according to which the panel stated that the death penalty continues to be provided andapplied for crimes that do not meet the threshold of “the most serious crimes”, includingdrug-related offences,2Stressing that the term “the most serious crimes” has consistently been readrestrictively and interpreted as pertaining only to crimes of extreme gravity involvingintentional killing, and stressing also that under no circumstances can the death penalty everbe applied as a sanction against specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy,adultery, consensual same-sex conduct or relations, establishing political opposition groupsor offending a head of State, and that States parties that retain the death penalty for suchoffences commit a violation of their international obligations,Mindful of the work of the special procedure mandate holders who have addressedhuman rights issues relating to the death penalty, including the Special Rapporteur on tortureand other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on the independenceof judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of humanrights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,Mindful also of the work undertaken by the treaty bodies to address human rightsissues relating to the death penalty,Recognizing the role of regional and subregional instruments and initiatives towardsthe abolition of the death penalty, which in some cases have led to the prohibition of the useof the death penalty,Welcoming the fact that the international trend towards the abolition of the deathpenalty is continuing, that many States are applying a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty, and all measures taken by States towards limiting the application of the deathpenalty,Noting that States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religiousbackgrounds have abolished the death penalty or are applying a moratorium on its use,Recalling article 6 (6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,which states that nothing in that article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolitionof capital punishment by any State party to the Covenant, and bearing in mind that, accordingto the Human Rights Committee, States parties that are not yet totally abolitionist should beon an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty, de facto and dejure, in the foreseeable future,Noting that, also according to the Human Rights Committee, States parties to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that have abolished the death penalty arebarred from reintroducing it, and noting also that the reinstatement of the death penalty by aState party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights is a violation of international law,Recalling that derogation from the right to life is never permitted, even during a stateof emergency,Acknowledging the interest in studying the question of the death penalty, as well as inholding local, national, regional and international debates related thereto,1 A/HRC/54/33.2 A/HRC/54/46.A/HRC/RES/54/353Emphasizing the importance for the effectiveness and transparency of debates on thedeath penalty of ensuring that the public has access to balanced information, includingaccurate information and statistics on criminality and the various effective ways to combat itwithout resorting to capital punishment,Strongly deploring the fact that the use of the death penalty leads to violations of thehuman rights of the persons facing the death penalty and of other affected persons,Recalling that, particularly in capital punishment cases, States are required to ensurethat all persons benefit from a fair trial and a guarantee of due process by providing adequateassistance of legal counsel from the earliest stages of their detention and at every stage of theproceedings, without discrimination of any kind, and effective access to documents and otherevidence that are essential for their defence, and that failure to respect fair trial guarantees inproceedings resulting in the imposition of the death penalty could constitute a violation ofthe right to life,Emphasizing that it is important that States ensure that due process and fair trialguarantees and safeguards, including the right to have one’s conviction and sentencereviewed by a higher tribunal according to law and the right to seek pardon and commutation,are effectively in place and implemented,Recalling that the right of everyone convicted of a crime to have their conviction andsentence reviewed by a higher tribunal according to the law includes a duty on States toreview the conviction and sentence on the merits, and stressing that violation of this right inproceedings resulting in the imposition of the death penalty renders the death sentencearbitrary in nature and in violation of the right to life,Underscoring that the denial of legal assistance by the tribunal reviewing the deathsentence of an indigent convicted person precludes an effective review of the conviction andsentence by the higher tribunal, and that such denial of legal assistance constitutes a violationof article 14 (3) (d) and (5) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,Reaffirming that States are required to allow individuals sentenced to death to seekpardon or commutation, that amnesties, pardons and commutations can be granted to themin appropriate circumstances, that such requests for pardon or commutation are thoroughlyexamined and that death sentences are not carried out in the event any appeal or otherrecourse procedure or other proceeding relating to pardon or commutation of the sentenceremain pending or unresolved,Reaffirming also that, under international human rights law, no category of sentencedpersons may be excluded in law or in practice from pardons or commutations of a deathsentence, and that the conditions for attainment of relief must not be unnecessarilyburdensome, discriminatory in nature or applied in an arbitrary and non-transparent manner,and expressing concern that, while many countries provide for the right to seek pardon orcommutation of a death sentence in their national legislation, certain crimes are oftenexcluded from it, or the number of pardons or commutations may be capped,Underlining that in all cases where the death penalty may be imposed, the personalcircumstances of the offender and the particular circumstances of the offence, includ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FHRC%2FRES%2F54%2F35&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False ) [212] => Array ( [objectID] => 23673 [title] => Proven With(out) Certainty: How Judges Sentence Defendants to Death for Drug Offences in Iran [timestamp] => 1707177600 [date] => 06/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/proven-without-certainty-how-judges-sentence-defendants-to-death-for-drug-offences-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in April 2023.Despite the reduction in the number of executions for drug offences during 2018-2020, a sudden increase in executions was recorded during 2021-2023: at least 131 known executions were recorded for drug offences in 2021, 253 executions in 2022, and 82 executions during the first 3 months of 2023 (Table). However, information concerning the death penalty in Iran is notoriously difficult to obtain because of the secrecy surrounding the country’s criminal justice process. This note provides a rare glimpse into the application of capital drug laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It exposes the idiosyncratic practices of the judiciary and its decision-making, using cases concerning the death penalty for drug offences—its imposition prohibited long under international standards. These judgments repeatedly use the language of ‘certainty’ in convicting the accused. In reality, to those familiar with basic fair trial standards, they raise serious concerns about miscarriages of justice that could potentially result in the erosion of legitimacy of the criminal ‘justice’ system in Iran. [texte] => About this Note ................................................................................. 1Data ................................................................................................... 2Applying the Relevant Law: Ignorance or Wilful Avoidance? ............ 2Unavailable Judgments .................................................................... 3Duly Unreasoned Judgments ............................................................ 4Unclear Factors in Death Penalty Sentencing ................................... 6From a Confession to Conviction ...................................................... 7Presumption of Guilt ......................................................................... 9Concluding Remarks ....................................................................... 11Appendices ................................................................................... 13‘Proven With(out) Certainty’How Judges Sentence Defendants to Death for Drug Offences in IranTable of ContentsThis report was made possible with support from Open Society Foundationsthrough the South Asia Middle East Network‘Proven with(out) certainty’: how judges sentence defendants to death for drug offences in IranAbdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran Monash University | Eleos Justice 1About this Note1Despite the reduction in the number of executions for drug offences during 2018-2020, a sudden increasein executions was recorded during 2021-2023: at least 131 known executions were recorded for drugoffences in 2021, 253 executions in 2022, and 82 executions during the first 3 months2 of 2023 (Table).However, information concerning the death penalty in Iran is notoriously difficult to obtain because of thesecrecy surrounding the country’s criminal justice process. This note provides a rare glimpse into theapplication of capital drug laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It exposes the idiosyncratic practices ofthe judiciary and its decision-making, using cases concerning the death penalty for drug offences—itsimposition prohibited long under international standards.3 These judgments repeatedly use the languageof ‘certainty’ in convicting the accused. In reality, to those familiar with basic fair trial standards, they raiseserious concerns about miscarriages of justice that could potentially result in the erosion of legitimacy ofthe criminal ‘justice’ system in Iran.1 This note was prepared in collaboration with the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre for Human Rights in Iran and Eleos Justice, Faculty of Law,Monash University, Australia.2 January 1 to March 15, 2023.3 General comment no. 36 on Article 6, the Right to Life, UN Human Rights Committee (2018). Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/general-comment-no-36-article-6-right-life.‘Proven with(out) certainty’: how judges sentence defendants to death for drug offences in IranAbdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran Monash University | Eleos Justice 2DataThis note analyses 10 judgments4 handed down in Iran during 2014-2020, involving 19 defendants ofwhom 16 were sentenced to death for drug offences (see Appendix 1).5 The majority of judgments (8 outof 10) were handled by the ‘Revolutionary Court’; these courts often occur behind closed doors presidedover by clerics. At the time of writing, all defendants who had been sentenced to death in these caseshad been executed. We do not claim that these judgments are representative of capital drug offences inIran. First, the total number of executions or death sentences for drug offences (or for other any capitaloffence) is not made public in Iran, meaning that we rely on estimates gathered by non-governmentalorganisations like Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC). Second, usingpublished estimates, our data—10 judgments—present a tiny proportion of the large number of knownexecutions for drug offences mentioned above. Third, our data are not collected systematically becausejudgments in Iran are not publicly available, which means there are obstacles and risks associated withsecuring them. All these factors rule out any form of representative sampling of cases. Despite theseshortcomings, the judgments provide a rare insight into the judicial decision-making on capital drug casesin Iran.Applying the Relevant Law: Ignorance orWilful Avoidance?One of the key responsibilities of the judiciary—if not the most obvious and basic duty—is to apply therelevant law. In 1975, Iran ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR),choosing to be bound by its obligations under domestic law. The ICCPR limits the application of the deathpenalty to the ‘most serious crimes’,6 understood as intentional killing.7 In none of the judgments wasreference made to the ICCPR’s ‘most serious crimes’ criterion. Assuming that judges in Iran are awareof the country’s international obligations, no attempts were made to justify the clear discrepancy betweendomestic law and Iran’s obligations under international law. It is common practice for judges andgovernments in other countries to engage with international jurisprudence. For example, in India8 andPakistan9, the Supreme Court has cited cases from other jurisdictions and treaties, demonstrating theirwide knowledge of domestic and international jurisprudence. More broadly, the right to a fair trial is alsoguaranteed under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Indeed, during the second Universal Periodic Review in 2014,the government of Iran accepted a recommendation to ‘take measures to ensure due process and fair4 Judgments, on file with Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC), were translated into English by ABC and shared withEleos Justice, Faculty of Law, Monash University. We received approval from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (ProjectID: 35771) to prepare this note. Eleos Justice received funding from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and ABC receivedfunding from the Open Society Foundations through the South Asia and Middle East Network against the death penalty.5 The Iranian Anti-Drug Law 1988 was amended in 2017, increasing the minimum amounts of illegal drugs that would subject producers anddistributors to capital punishment. The Drug Reform Bill Version was approved by Majles on October 4, 2017 and Guardian Council on October18, 2017 (Final Version). An English summary is available at Abdorrahman Boroumand Center: Drug Reform Bill Version Approved by Majles onOctober 4, 2017 and Guardian Council on October 18, 2017 (Final Version) (iranrights.org).6 Article 6 (2) of the ICCPR states that ‘[i]n countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may be imposed only for themost serious crimes’.7 General comment no. 36 on Article 6, the Right to Life, the UN Human Rights Committee (2018). Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/general-comment-no-36-article-6-right-life. ‘Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death, such as … drug and sexual offences,although serious in nature, can never serve as the basis, within the framework of article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty.’8 E.g., https://www.ourlegalworld.com/shatrughan-chauhan-anr-vs-union-of-india-ors-case-analysis/9 E.g., https://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/downloads_judgments/c.r.p._420_2016.pdf‘Proven with(out) certainty’: how judges sentence defendants to death for drug offences in IranAbdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran Monash University | Eleos Justice 3trial, particularly in any process that would lead to the application of the death penalty’.10 As this notedemonstrates, however, judicial practices in Iran based on these judgments do not appear to be guidedby respect for due process.Unavailable JudgmentsABC’s fieldwork has shown that, at least in the last decade, defendants do not always have access bydefault to their own judgment. However, a copy of one’s judgment is necessary if convicted individualswish to appeal against their conviction or sentence, a right granted to drug offenders sentenced to deathfrom 2015 with the reform of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Indeed, the ICCPR guarantees the right toappeal,11 requiring a convicted person ‘to have, within a reasonable time, access to duly reasoned writtenjudgments’, and failing to do so is considered to be in violation of the right to appeal.12 In addition, theICCPR also requires the judgment to be public.13 Judgments are key public records that can be used tounderstand trends and patterns of judicial decision-making and serve to keep the judiciary in check.Unlike other jurisdictions where the right to public judgment is operationalised through public databases(e.g., Lexis, Westlaw), judgments are not made publicly available in Iran. Given the extensive powergranted to the Iranian judiciary to take away liberty (imprisonment), property (fines), physical integrity(corporal punishment) and life (death penalty), the record of how and why these defendants werepunished demands transparency.10 United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Islamic Republic of Iran (Addendum),UN Doc A/HRC/28/12/Add.1 (2 March 2015) paras. 138-213. However, Iran rejected most recommendations pertaining to the use of the deathpenalty.11 Article 14 (5) of the ICCPR states ‘[e]veryone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed bya higher tribunal according to law’.12 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges,Prosecutors and Lawyers (United Nations, 2003) 307.13 Article 14 (1) of the ICCPR states that ‘any judgment rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where theinterest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship o [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/4034 ) [213] => Array ( [objectID] => 23670 [title] => The politics of capital punishment for foreign nationals in Iran [timestamp] => 1707091200 [date] => 05/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-capital-punishment-for-foreign-nationals-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.This paper seeks to map the political economy of capital punishment in Iran, in particular in relation to dual and foreign nationals, and examines its external and internal functions. The external functions include suppressing the ‘cultural threat’ of cross-border drug trafficking, achieving more power in sanctions negotiations, seeking reciprocal prisoner swaps or demanding recompense for outstanding multinational debt. The internal functions include quashing protests against the regime, supressing separatist movements, or even just ‘otherness’. It is evident that those facing disadvantage across foreign national and intersectional lines face the death penalty disproportionately. In addition, although only representing a fraction of the overall population of death row, the arbitrary detention of dual nationals has a disproportionate political function. [texte] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) Research Papers DPRU Research Paper No. 3 December 2023 The politics of capital punishment for foreign nationals in Iran Brian Egan* Introduction This paper seeks to map the political economy of capital punishment for foreign nationals in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The specific nationalities which are represented on death row will be discussed, as well as which offences they are convicted of. It will also look at the specific vulnerabilities that this group faces, and the particular plight of dual nationals and how this relatively small cohort has an instrumental political function for Iran. There are substantive transparency issues regarding Iran’s use of capital punishment. There are a large number of ‘secret executions’ that go unannounced by the regime.1 Newspapers can be instructed not to report some of them,2 and because many executions occur in regional prisons in remote provinces, full information becomes even more difficult to collect. Even when they are officially announced, there is a lack of systematic, government compiled annual statistics.3 It is left to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to try pierce this veil of secrecy: “these organisations rely on a wide array of sources to corroborate their numbers, including official government announcements, unnamed government sources, sources inside the prisons (including prisoners), lawyers, family members, local newspapers, and other information.”4 It has led many NGOs to note that the real figure of executions in Iran could be even higher than their calculations. Furthermore, it is likely that the compounded vulnerability faced by foreign or dual nationals, as well as ethnic or religious minorities, leads to underreporting. Clearly, the true scale and *MSc Criminology and Criminal Justice Graduate, University of Oxford; Research Intern 2020-21, Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford. With thanks to Jocelyn Hutton, for research guidance and providing information on cases. 1 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES scope of the problems faced by foreign nationals at risk of the death penalty in Iran cannot be fully measured, but, from the data we and others have gathered, some trends appear. Iran is a leading global executioner; second in the world for summary executions, and until the 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Laws, was consistently the highest executioner per capita.5 Iran has also failed to constrain its capital statute book to only the most serious offences. In 2021, 50% of executions (182 individuals) were following convictions for murder charges under the principle of qisas, or retribution. The remaining 50% were for drug offences (36%), political offences and other crimes such as sodomy and rape.6 Iran has also attracted international condemnation for executing juvenile offenders, with its threshold of criminal responsibility, or bulugh, as low as 15 lunar years for boys (14 years seven months in solar years) and nine lunar years for girls (eight years, nine months in solar years).7 Foreign nationals have been known to be executed for crimes committed at even younger ages. Carolyn Hoyle has argued that “Iran’s Revolutionary Courts appear not to follow any recognisable due process.”8 There have been repeated accounts of torture in the interrogation process, withholding access to counsel, documented instances of forced confessions and systemically inadequate procedural protections.9 With political cases, pressure has been exerted by the regime on families and prisoners to keep quiet or face reprisals.10 In terms of partisan sentencing and the presumption of innocence, the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) has argued that “the judge plays the role of the interrogator, prosecutor and judge all at the same time … In the overwhelming majority of criminal and political cases, judges do not presume that defendants are innocent until proven guilty. The guiding principle seems to be the other way round.”11 Some offences, such as moharebeh, or ‘enmity against God’, specifically reject a presumption of innocence.12 Haedi Ghaemi notes that “after the disputed 2009 presidential election, the judiciary emerged as a key instrument to intimidate protestors and remove many leading activists and opinion makers, steps that were both critical to the regime’s survival.”13 This was once again evident in the immediate wake of protests in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. It continued throughout 2020-22, when the judiciary continued to weaponize “overly broad articles of the penal code to prosecute dissidents and minority ethnic groups”,14 and reached a peak in September to November 2022 with the violent suppression of nationwide protests that broke out following the state murder of Jina (Mahsa) Amini, a 23-year-old Kurdish woman in police custody.15 The ‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ protests have resulted in many death sentences and extrajudicial executions.16 Further concerns surround impartiality and the separation of powers. For example, judicial appointments are assigned by the Guardian Council, half of whom are elected by the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei. The Supreme Leader also directly appoints the Head of the Judiciary (Chief Justice), a post held by Ebhrahim Raisi from March 2019 to July 2021. During Raisi’s judicial tenure, there was a spike in political application of the death penalty, especially as a tool to suppress dissidence and oppositional politics. Now President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is clear that human rights bodies were right to be concernd that the death-penalty would be used as a tool of political suppression under his administration. This is especially due to Raisi’s central role in the executions of thousands of political prisoners in the 1980s, in addition to 2 BRIAN EGAN clamping down on mass-protests in 2009, 2019 and 2021 respectively.17 Evidently, the judiciary is a quintessentially political body, insofar as they serve the regime’s presiding interests and not the letter of the law. 1. Legal Background Iranian law follows, to certain extent, Shari’ā law, which can seemingly limit the potential for debating capital punishment in Iran. Michael Mumisa notes that “governments frequently use Shari’ā to justify why they retain and apply capital punishment, and this can seem to close discussion on the subject.”18 However, Mahmoud Cherif Bassiouni argues that “the existence of the death penalty for several crimes in Muslim states is a policy choice, but not one which is necessarily mandated by the Shari’ā.”19 Therefore some would argue that Iran’s decision to apply the death penalty with such fervour is fundamentally political, and not ideological or religious. The 2013 Islamic Penal Code contains three categories of offences pertaining to the death penalty: hudud, qisas and ta’zir offences. Hudud, or ‘fixed’ offences, are those which are specifically accounted for in Shari’ā with fixed and mandatory sentences that cannot be deviated from by a judge.20 Mumisa notes “since by their very definition hudud laws are believed to be ‘mandatory’ and ‘fixed’ by God Himself, there is very little, if any, room for the right to appeal to a higher court as enshrined in Article 14 (5) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).”21 In relation to foreign nationals, the hudud offences of Moharabeh (enmity against god),22 Efsad-e-fel-arz (corruption on earth)23 and Baghi (armed rebellion) are used extensively.24 Iranian case law has seen these levied at drugtraffickers, political opponents, foreign nationals accused of spying, members of opposition groups and minority activists in civil society.25 These offences are frequently leveraged to quash political dissidence. Qisas offences are akin to doctrines such as lex talionis, ‘retribution in kind’ or ‘an eye for an eye.’26 The death penalty arises where the offender’s conduct leads to the death of another, with the survivors of the victim having the right to claim retribution in kind, that is, the death of the offender. However, they could also choose to pardon the killer or accept compensatory ‘blood money’ (diya). Foreign nationals often lack the means and the social networks required to arrange and pay the qisas, further disadvantaging them. Ta’zir offences, or ‘discretionary punishments,’ are those crimes that haven’t been specifically provided for under Shari’ā law, but those which the judiciary consider to be against the State’s interests or against tenets of Shari’ā law generally.27 They can be decided by judicial discretion or by standalone legislation, such as military, economic or drug trafficking crimes. With reference to judicial discretion, Hoyle has found that “decision-making within discretionary systems is likely to be influenced by prejudice against people on the grounds of their race, religion or citizenship, with ‘non-citizens’ particularly disadvantaged.”28 This is evident in Iran, with various groups of ‘others’ disproportionately represented on death-row. 3 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES Figure 1: Graph indicating the initial decline in death sentencing for drug-related offences in the wake of the 2017 reform to the Anti-Narcotics Laws. Source: Iran Human Rights and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM), Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2020 (2021). Until 2017, the majority of executions in the Islamic Republic of Iran were for drug-related offences. The reform to the Anti-Narcotics Laws rowed back on 1997 and 2011 revisions which had successively lowered the death-eligible minimumthresholds for drug trafficking. Since then, although the numbers of those executed for drug offences reduced in 2018-2020, in 2021 the number of people executed for drug offences rose again sharply. In 2021, at least 131 people (36%) were executed for drug offences, compared with 30 or fewer drug-related execution in each of the years from 2018-2020, 29 and the number of drug executions doubled [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research-paper-series ) [214] => Array ( [objectID] => 23668 [title] => Blaming it on the past: Usages of the Middle Ages in contemporary discourses of the death penalty in England [timestamp] => 1707091200 [date] => 05/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/blaming-it-on-the-past-usages-of-the-middle-ages-in-contemporary-discourses-of-the-death-penalty-in-england/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.In popular, intellectual and political culture, the Middle Ages are intrinsically tied to violent images of public executions. To historians of the medieval period, this temporal attachment of the death penalty to a remote period is puzzling, especially since it is still widely enforced in the world today and was only relatively recently abolished in Europe. Capital punishment is not only a part of history, but a modern-day reality. Why, therefore, do we pin this punishment to the Middle Ages? This paper aims to analyse the discourses surrounding the usage of the Middle Ages in modern discussions on the death penalty, and to clarify medieval practices of capital punishment, showing how remote they are from our contemporary understanding [texte] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) Research Papers DPRU Research Paper No. 2 December 2023 Blaming it on the past: Usages of the Middle Ages in contemporary discourses on the death penalty in England Héléna D.M. Lagréou* Introduction The Middle Ages are a historical period traditionally situated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and the end of the Granada War in 1492.1 Due to its thousand-year length, this period is naturally plural and has a heterogenous profile. However, today the Middle Ages are associated with a homogenously narrow perception. This contemporary image is synonymous with excessive violence, blind religious beliefs and feudal oppression.2 The Middle Ages have such a poor reputation that the term translates in contemporary times to a negative adjective. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the term medieval in its formal sense simply means related to the Middle Ages. However, informally the word means “resembling or likened to the Middle Ages, especially in being cruel, uncivilized, or primitive.”3 As such, our contemporary understanding of the medieval period is one of violence and brutality. This representation of the Middle Ages crystallises in particular around the theme of public executions. Indeed, in popular culture, whenever an artist seeks to temporally set a narrative, the medieval will translate to violent forms of capital punishment, acting as a signifier of time. Such examples can be found in British classics, like the Holy Grail film by the Monty Python comedy troupe.4 In an infamous scene, villagers request an execution because they believe a woman is a witch, simply “because she looks like one.”5 The townspeople’s demands are met following an absurd scene of logical reasoning at the gallows. Similarly, in Japan, the author of the manga book Berserk sets his tale in medieval Europe. To present the backstory of the main character named “Guts”, the author reveals the tale of his horrific birth. The scene takes place under a *PhD candidate in Medieval History at the University of Cambridge. Contact email: hdml2@cam.ac.uk 1 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES large hanging tree, where Guts is seen as a crying baby on the ground, after dropping from the womb of an executed woman.6 In the Umberto Eco novel The Name of The Rose, the narration takes a dramatic turn following an inquisitorial trial, where the lover of the narrator Adso is sentenced to the pyre for witchcraft.7 Such examples in popular culture are commonplace. The trope of the Middle Ages as the grand period of public executions also extends to political debates, or in news articles discussing capital punishment. Similarly, the descriptive “medieval” is particularly present in abolitionist essays. Namely, it is an essential point of discussion in the celebrated essays of Albert Camus in his fight against capital punishment.8 In such discourses, the perceived medieval nature of capital punishment is used as an argument against the practice. Consequently, in popular, intellectual and political culture, the Middle Ages are intrinsically tied to violent images of public executions. This temporal attachment of the death penalty to a remote period is puzzling, especially since it is still widely enforced in the world today and was only relatively recently abolished in Europe. The United Kingdom abolished the death penalty for murder in 1969, but only fully abolished it for all crimes in 1998.9 Capital punishment is not only a part of history, but a modern-day reality. Why, therefore, do we pin this punishment to the Middle Ages? As we will see below, this connection is confusing to the medievalist, as the death penalty was not a common judicial sentence. Consequently, this article aims to analyse the discourses surrounding the usage of the Middle Ages in modern discussions on the death penalty. Furthermore, it aims to clarify medieval practices of capital punishment and show how remote they are from our contemporary understanding. To do so, this article follows three points of analysis. First, to understand the uses of the Middle Ages in contemporary discourses on the death penalty, this paper presents a systematic analysis of the words “medieval”, “sentence” and “death penalty” in five of the major written news outlets of the United Kingdom. These news outlets are The Daily Mail, The Guardian, The Observer, The Telegraph and The Times, with articles dating from 191310 through to 2017.11 Second, this paper compares these contemporary views to a short survey of the practices of capital punishment in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Finally, it explores the dangers that are inherent in comparing practices in the Middle Ages with today’s executions. 1. “A brutalising exercise of medieval barbarism”: 12 Capital punishment as a medieval practice in British newspapers From 1913 to 2017, journalists built two distinct narratives on the death penalty, which are dependent on geographical boundaries. If an article discusses matters within the United Kingdom, the narrative tied to the Middle Ages will be one of barbarism, whereas if the article is rooted outside of the United Kingdom, the narrative attached to the Middle Ages is one of ‘the Other’. Depending on a perceived cultural proximity, these narrative boundaries fluctuate. Although distinct, these two narratives are part of a coherent logic based on the perception of a country as either “civilised” or “uncivilised”. The civilised United Kingdom and the narrative of barbarism In the United Kingdom, the narrative of medieval barbarism is rooted in time, because three important dates sequence the coverage of the subject. In 1965, the death penalty was suspended 2 HÉLÉNA D.M. LAGRÉOU for murder and permanently abolished in 1969.13 Then, in 1998 it was abolished for all crimes, including piracy and treason.14 Although the death penalty in the United Kingdom is abolished, its reintroduction still occasionally crops up in political debates, and remains a matter of international importance.15 Within the scope of the review, the oldest news article within the dataset mentioning the death penalty as a medieval practice in the United Kingdom dates to 1913,16 and its latest occurrence is from 2010.17 Throughout the numerous policy changes on capital punishment in the United Kingdom, the narrative of barbarism remained stable. The meaning of medieval within this context is one of barbarism, because the United Kingdom presents itself as a particularly civilised country. Therefore, the discourse on capital punishment as medieval is one of a perceived dissociation between legal practices and national values. Hence, we can observe a dissonance between the moral values of the country and its criminal judicial system. This is particularly clear in an article in the Daily Mail written in 2000 which reflects a favourable sentiment towards the death penalty. This is a trend the author perceives in abolitionist discourse: “They will say Britain is now so civilised and 'modern' that it has become unthinkable to consider restoring a medieval practice such as the death penalty.”18 This sentiment is echoed in an abolitionist article from The Guardian of 1962 stating, “The gallows is a piece of medieval furniture completely out of place in a civilised modern society.”19 The narrative blending the United Kingdom and the Middle Ages is simple. The United Kingdom is a civilised country, namely a product of a sophisticated evolution over time. Thus, the fact that the country grew out of its medieval practices is portrayed as a sign of progress. This narrative relies on two questionable notions: the United Kingdom is a nation with a linear history, and its evolution in time follows a civilising trajectory of societal betterment. Therefore, here the Middle Ages are a negative archetype for comparison. Outside of the United Kingdom is the Other The dissonance with the progress of the civilised United Kingdom is thought to be reflected in the rest of the world. Outside of the United Kingdom, the narrative of medieval capital punishment is of diminishing otherness. In the civilised nation, the practices of the death penalty are incoherent, whereas they are “rationalised” outside of its borders: the death penalty is explained away by arguments of civilisational differences, which ultimately fail to render the universal tragedy of capital punishment. This provides an explanation to turn a blind eye to the human suffering involved in capital punishment where the explicit purpose is to create a journalistic spectacle. The roots of such voyeuristic indifference are inherently tied to a false cultural relativism commonly found in colonialist rhetoric.20 This perceived Otherness is gradual, depending on an idea of closeness to the country. On this scale of proximity, the most marginalised countries are within the African continent. In a 2004 Daily Mail article from Equatorial Guinea, the author offers an almost prurient description “… The scores of citizens with limps or missing limbs bear testimony to its medieval form of 'justice'. The death penalty is still enthusiastically enforced while the president himself is said - although it has never been proven - to devour the testicles of particularly clever or fearsome opponents in order to absorb their powers.”21 Here, the comparison to the Middle Ages is to augment a sense of Otherness, presenting a primitive culture with practices so 3 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES different from the United Kingdom that they are akin to their very distant and forgotten past. In this ranking, the following point on the scale of perceived civilisation is the Middle Eastern region. There, the Otherness lies in the link between the Middle Ages and religious beliefs as foundations for law. This sentiment is particularly clear within coverage of Iran. For example, in a 2010 article in The Times, the journalist describes his consternation about sentencing: “The regime exer [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research-paper-series ) [215] => Array ( [objectID] => 23666 [title] => Efforts towards abolition of the death penalty: Challenges and prospects [timestamp] => 1707091200 [date] => 05/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/efforts-towards-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-challenges-and-prospects/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.This paper reflects on the role of international human rights treaties in promoting universal abolition and progressive restriction of the death penalty. It suggests that over the past quarter of a century a ‘new human rights dynamic’ has aimed to generate universal acceptance that however it is administered, the death penalty violates the human rights of all citizens exposed to it. Nevertheless, defences of capital punishment based on principles of national sovereignty are engrained in some parts of the world, particularly in Asia and the Middle East. The human rights project struggles to make inroads into such jurisdictions where political will is opposed to abolition, and trenchant protection of sovereignty threatens the very universality of these rights. [texte] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) Research Papers DPRU Research Paper No. 1 December 2023 Efforts towards abolition of the death penalty: Challenges and prospects Professor Carolyn Hoyle* Introduction Capital punishment was entrenched around the world until the late eighteenth century, regarded as an effective measure to control the masses for minor to the most serious offences. In some jurisdictions, executions were considerably rarer than death sentences, as there were many commutations, but the threat of death hung over most criminals, including juveniles, following erratic and unfair justice processes. Methods of execution were gruesome and tended to include additional torture and mutilations, with executions often carried out in public. Efforts towards reform came with the European Enlightenment. Montesquieu denounced extreme punishments, with an uncompromising call for proportionality in sentencing that resonates still.1 But it is Beccaria who transformed views on capital punishment. In 1764, his treatise, On Crimes and Punishments, disparaged the lack of consistency and fairness in the criminal process, dismissing the death penalty as inhumane, ineffective and disproportionate.2 Reformers secured abolition in a few American states3 in the mid nineteenth century, followed by a handful of countries in Europe and South America, but progress was slow.4 Following the atrocities of the Second World War, impetus for countries to consider the human rights of their citizens came from the establishment of the United Nations, particularly the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (ECHR),5 and from the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950.6 But by 1965, there were still only 25 abolitionist countries, just ten more than when these conventions were adopted. And these were *Director of the Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU), University of Oxford. Contact email: dpru@crim.ox.ac.uk 1 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES mostly Western European, suggesting that the introduction of human rights agreements alone could not trigger a revolution in punishment regimes. This paper reflects on the role of international human rights treaties in promoting universal abolition and progressive restriction of the death penalty. Building on my work with Roger Hood,7 it suggests that over the past quarter of a century a ‘new human rights dynamic’ has aimed to generate universal acceptance that however it is administered, the death penalty violates the human rights of all citizens exposed to it. This is the normative framework of international human rights law. Nevertheless, principles of national sovereignty are engrained in some parts of the world, particularly in Asia and the Middle East. This is the view that each nation has the unchallengeable sovereign right to determine its own criminal justice and penal policies according to its own cultural, social and political imperatives and that in so doing, they will not be swayed by obligations or expectations from beyond their borders. Within the framework of sovereignty, they then justify retention of the death penalty as a repressive penal tool, by drawing on either utilitarian rationales, such as its purported deterrent efficacy, or the cultural preferences and expectations of their citizens. And the human rights project struggles to make inroads into such jurisdictions where political will is opposed to abolition, and trenchant protection of sovereignty threatens the very universality of these rights. Treaties are only partly effective because they need to be promulgated to have an impact, and some countries will resist this. Yet it is also true that treaties have been somewhat equivocal on the question of the death penalty. 1. Interpreting an abstract right to life The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed that “Everyone has the right to life”8 and “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment”,9 but it was not explicit that these provisions should include those convicted of offences subject to capital punishment in retentionist states. Similarly, the ECHR embodied these same principles10 but provided an exception to the right to life as regards capital punishment.11 This clearly left the question of whether or not to abolish the death penalty to national governments. The 2004 Arab Charter on Human Rights12 allows the imposition of the death penalty, demonstrating strong fidelity to the sovereignty of national laws. Conversely, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights prohibits a state party from arbitrarily depriving someone of the right to life.13 And the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights’ ‘Resolution on the Right to Life in Africa’ (2017)14 urged states parties that have established a moratorium on executions to take steps towards the abolition of the death penalty, and those states parties that have not abolished the death penalty to immediately establish a moratorium on executions. Drafted in the late 1950s, when few countries had embraced abolition, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) presented a clear compromise between the rather abstract right to life of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the reality of disparate criminal justice practices around the world.15 Article 6(1), which declared that “Every human being has an inherent right to life”, was qualified by the phrase “No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life”. The UN Human Rights Committee has interpreted this to mean that no one shall be sentenced to death without a fair 2 CAROLYN HOYLE trial, as guaranteed by Article 14 of the Covenant, not that no one shall be sentenced to death at all.16 Commitment to abolition as a universal goal has been invigorated by the ICCPR and other international and regional treaties promoting human rights. Almost all countries that still enforce the death penalty by executions, as well as those that have yet to abolish it in law but are abolitionist in practice, have ratified the ICCPR (Saudi Arabia and Singapore are among the few that have not). While they are not obliged to abolish the death penalty, they have made a commitment to abide by the standards it sets, a commitment that should contribute to the progressive restriction of the death penalty. 2. The role of human rights in the progressive restriction of capital punishment While the right to life is not absolute, and retentionist states can continue to apply the death penalty, they can do so only in a non-arbitrary manner, and only for the most serious crimes, a point frequently reiterated by the UN Human Rights Committee.17 Death sentences following legal proceedings that violated domestic laws of criminal procedure or evidence would generally be unlawful and arbitrary.18 The ICCPR and the UN Economic and Social Council’s Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of those Facing the Death Penalty19 prohibit the arbitrary deprivation of life where countries do not abide by the standards that guarantee a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and a fair opportunity for defendants to answer the charges brought against them before a duly constituted court. Even without ratification of the ICCPR, countries are expected to abide by the Safeguards and are subject to the Universal Periodic Review process, carried out through the UN Human Rights Council, to measure their compliance with human rights obligations; a process that invigorates the human rights dynamic. However, notwithstanding improvements in due process protections around the world, each UN Secretary-General’s Annual and Quinquennial reports on the death penalty show that in many retentionist states these safeguards are often breached and, in consequence, innocent people, as well as those who – within the laws of the country – do not ‘deserve’ the death penalty, are sentenced to death and executed.20 Efforts at securing categorical exemptions have proven to be more effective. The Safeguards have progressively restricted the death penalty by excluding certain ‘vulnerable’ persons: those under the age of 18 at the time of the crime, pregnant women or new mothers, persons who have become insane and, since the Safeguards were revised in 1989, older persons and those suffering from limited mental competence. Few retentionist countries ignore these particular restrictions, though reports suggest that in the past decade, juveniles have been executed in Iran and Pakistan.21 Abolition of the mandatory death penalty Human rights treaties have assisted efforts at progressive restriction of the death penalty by framing challenges to the constitutionality of mandatory sentencing, first in the US,22 then in India.23 The mandatory death penalty has been determined by international law to be arbitrary in nature.24 As Parvais Jabbar has noted: The compulsory imposition of sentence of death is seen as an arbitrary deprivation of life and an inhuman punishment; it violates an individual’s right to a fair trial because offenders are deprived of the opportunity 3 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES to mitigate their sentences and the courts are prohibited from determining them. In short, constraining discretion in this way is inconsistent with notions of fairness and repugnant to the concepts of humanity.25 The Death Penalty Project challenged mandatory death sentences in the Commonwealth Caribbean in the early years of the new millennium, establishing their incompatibility with fundamental human rights.26 Their successful constitutional challenge to the mandatory death penalty in Uganda, in 2003, drew on this jurisprudence. Susan Kigula27 was the lead applicant in that case, but it was filed on behalf of everybody on death row in Uganda at the time, some 417 prisoners. The Constitutional Court struck down the mandatory death penalty as in violation of fundamental human rights and gave the government two years to resentence everyone on death row. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research-paper-series ) [216] => Array ( [objectID] => 23664 [title] => Women and The Death Penalty in Kenya: Essays on the Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706832000 [date] => 02/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-kenya-essays-on-the-gendered-perspective-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication seeks to make visible the gender and intersectional discrimination faced by women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. Through the various articlesin this publication, the authors bring to light the reality of women facing the death penalty through a different lens.The first author, Shekinah Bright Kiting'a, in making a compelling case for abolition of the death penalty, explores how the death penalty uniquely affects women in the context of motherhood. Further, she highlights the rights and well-being of the children affected by their mothers' death sentences, revealing flaws in our legal and ethical systems. With the overall aim of advocating for its abolition due to its significant impact on both parenthood and children's rights, her article seeks to push for reforms that honour motherhood and prioritize children's well-being in these difficult circumstances. Kenaya Komba dissects gender disparity in the judicial system by exploring the intersection of domestic violence and the death penalty. In making a case for a restorative approach to justice, her article analyses the impact of capital punishment on victims of domestic violence and the systemic injustice and biases they continue to grapple with. Her elaborate analysis of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and the Protection Against Domestic Violence Act, 2016, highlights the urgent need for reform in the legal system. While Analyzing the role the media plays in shaping perceptions of women on death row, Patricia Chepkirui evaluates the implications of positive and negative media portrayals of such women by highlighting the ethical responsibilities of media in the coverage of women on death row cases. The article ultimately underscores the significance of responsiblemedia coverage in ensuring that media exposure of cases of women on death row is fair,balanced, and respectful of their rights and dignity. Alex Tamei delves into the intricacies of abuse, gender-based violence, and trauma as mitigating factors in death penalty sentencing for women. His article comparatively analyses two Kenyan cases of murder in retaliation to intimate partner violence, seeking to shed light on the plight of victims of gender-based violence. The article effortlessly brings out the nexus between the death penalty and intimate partner violence and makessolid recommendations for change. The fifth author, Patience Chepchirchir, delves into the nexus between psychological abuse and provocation. Through her article, she brings out the scope of psychological abuse while focusing on the linkage between emotional abuse and provocation and how the same can be considered as mitigating factors. Through an elaborate analysis of case law, she makes a case for psychological abuse of women as a mitigating circumstance during sentencing.Stella Cherono’s article reflects on the intersectional discrimination faced by women in the criminal trial process leading to death row. The article highlights the complex and overlapping forms of discrimination women experience during the pretrial, trial and sentencing stages. Through her comprehensive analysis of gendered pathways to offending and imprisonment, she challenges how society perceives discrimination. Loraine Koskei Interrogates the emerging jurisprudence on Intimate Partner Violence.Her article lays out the gendered factor in the commissioning and sentencing of women convicted of murder and offers possible recommendations. [texte] => WOMEN AND THE DEATHPENALTY IN KENYAEssays on the Gendered Perspec�veof the Death PenaltyWOMEN AND THE DEATHPENALTY IN KENYAEssays on the Gendered Perspectiveof the Death PenaltyDesign layout by:Ndolo AndersonLead Graphics Designer- ICJ KenyaPublished by :The Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya)ICJ Kenya House, Off Silanga Road, KarenP.O. Box 59743 - 00200, Nairobi, KenyaEmail: info@icj-kenya.orgWebsite: https://icj-kenya.orgDisclaimerAll rights reserved. This material may be copyrighted but may be produced by any methodwithout change for any educational purposes, provided that the source is acknowledged.For copying in other circumstances, or for reproduction in other publications, prior writtenpermission must be obtained from the copyright owner and a fee may be charged.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya) is profoundlygrateful to all individuals who contributed to the successful production of this publication.In particular, we wish to thank Shekinah Bright Kiting'a, Kenaya Komba, Patricia Chepkirui,Alex Tamei, Stella Cherono, Patience Chepchirchir, and Loraine Koskei for their contributionto authoring this publication. This would not have been possible without their collectivededication and support.ICJ Kenya acknowledges Elsy C. Sainna- Executive Director, for providing policy directionsin developing this publication. We also thank Vincent Kimathi, Programme Manager, andDamaris Kemunto, Programme Officer, for their critical role in conceptualizing the womenand the death penalty project.We also thank and appreciate the Dean of Kabarak University School of Law, Prof. JohnOsogo Ambani and the team at Kabarak University School of Law for their contributionsand dedication to ensuring this publication was finalized. In addition, we thank StellaCherono, Student Editor, for editing the first draft of the articles and Loraine Koskei forcoordinating the project between Kabarak and ICJ Kenya.Finally, this publication is made possible with the support of the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty with grants from Belgium, Canada and the EU, for which ICJ Kenya ismost grateful.Signed,Elsy C. SainnaExecutive DirectorICJ Kenya.4TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................6AUTHORS BIO’s...................................................................................................8MATERNAL AGONY: THE IMPACT OF THE DEATH PENALTY ON WOMENAND THEIR FAMILIES..........................................................................................9REIMAGINING JUSTICE: DEATH PENALTY AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCEAGAINST WOMEN IN KENYA..............................................................................16THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SHAPING PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN ON DEATHROW.....................................................................................................................21GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF MITIGATING FACTORS INDEATH PENALTY SENTENCING FOR WOMEN................................................30GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: THE NEXUS BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICALABUSE AND PROVOCATION..............................................................................36WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY: INTERSECTIONAL DISCRIMINATIONIN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS..............................................................................41JUSTICE UNDER SCRUTINY: INTERROGATING EMERGING JURISPRU-DENCE ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND THE DEATH PENALTY INKENYA.................................................................................................................45LIST OF CASES...................................................................................................48REFERENCES......................................................................................................495EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis publication seeks to make visible the gender and intersectional discrimination facedby women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. Through the various articlesin this publication, the authors bring to light the reality of women facing the death penaltythrough a different lens.The first author, Shekinah Bright Kiting'a, in making a compelling case for abolition of thedeath penalty, explores how the death penalty uniquely affects women in the context ofmotherhood. Further, she highlights the rights and well-being of the children affected bytheir mothers' death sentences, revealing flaws in our legal and ethical systems. With theoverall aim of advocating for its abolition due to its significant impact on both parenthoodand children's rights, her article seeks to push for reforms that honour motherhood andprioritize children's well-being in these difficult circumstances.Kenaya Komba dissects gender disparity in the judicial system by exploring the intersectionof domestic violence and the death penalty. In making a case for a restorative approachto justice, her article analyses the impact of capital punishment on victims of domesticviolence and the systemic injustice and biases they continue to grapple with. Her elaborateanalysis of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and the Protection Against Domestic ViolenceAct, 2016, highlights the urgent need for reform in the legal system.While Analyzing the role the media plays in shaping perceptions of women on death row,Patricia Chepkirui evaluates the implications of positive and negative media portrayals ofsuch women by highlighting the ethical responsibilities of media in the coverage of wom-en on death row cases. The article ultimately underscores the significance of responsiblemedia coverage in ensuring that media exposure of cases of women on death row is fair,balanced, and respectful of their rights and dignity.Alex Tamei delves into the intricacies of abuse, gender-based violence, and trauma asmitigating factors in death penalty sentencing for women. His article comparativelyanalyses two Kenyan cases of murder in retaliation to intimate partner violence, seekingto shed light on the plight of victims of gender-based violence. The article effortlesslybrings out the nexus between the death penalty and intimate partner violence and makessolid recommendations for change.The fifth author, Patience Chepchirchir, delves into the nexus between psychological abuseand provocation. Through her article, she brings out the scope of psychological abusewhile focusing on the linkage between emotional abuse and provocation and how thesame can be considered as mitigating factors. Through an elaborate analysis of case law,she makes a case for psychological abuse of women as a mitigating circumstance duringsentencing.Stella Cherono’s article reflects on the intersectional discrimination faced by women in thecriminal trial process leading to death row. The article highlights the complex and overlap-ping forms of discrimination women experience during the pretrial, trial and sentencingstages. Through her comprehensive analysis of gendered pathways to offending and im-prisonment, she challenges how society perceives discrimination.6Loraine Koskei Interrogates the emerging jurisprudence on Intimate Partner Violence.Her article lays out the gendered factor in the commissioning and sentencing of womenconvicted of murder and offers possible recommendations.78AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHYShekinah Bright- The author is a dedicated law student at Kabarak University's Schoolof Law with a profound interest in human rights, mainly focusing on law's impact onmarginalised groups. She actively engages in conversations to explore innovative ways toadvocate for and advance the rights of those often overlooked by society.Kenaya Komba- The author is an international undergraduate law student at KabarakUniversity. She is a trainee Editor of the Kabarak Law Review and holds the position ofDirector of Communications for Amnesty International Kabarak Chapter. Passionateabout justice, her research interests are human rights and conflict resolution.Patricia Chepkirui - The author is a Kabarak University School of Law undergraduate. Shealso works as a research assistant and serves as the Managing Editor of the Kabarak LawReview. Her research interests include human rights law and international law.Alex Tamei- As a driven and creative individual, the author is pursuing a law degree whilegaining valuable experience as an Editorial Intern at Kabarak University Press. Possessinga passion for writing and the arts, he consistently explores new ways to express himselfand contribute to the community. Whether engaged in legal research, crafting compellingcontent, or pursuing artistic endeavours, he is passionate about learning and growing.Patience Chepchirchir- The author is pursuing her undergraduate degree in law at Kabarakuniversity. Her research interests include human rights and law's impact on marginalisedcommunities, with a keen interest in women. Through activism and social commentary,she seeks to promote conversations on the much-hushed areas where the law and societyintersect.Stella Cherono- The author is in the final year of her LLB undergraduate studies at KabarakUniversity. She is passionate about promoting social justice and equal rights for marginal-ised groups, and this paper is an excellent start in contributing towards that.Loraine Koskei -The author is a finalist at Kabarak University School of Law awaitinggraduation. She is currently a graduate assistant at the Kabarak University Press. Herinterests are in women's rights, gender equality, leadership and governance, and shehopes to make a difference in Kenya and Africa.MATERNAL AGONY: THE IMPACT OF THE DEATH PENALTY ONWOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIESShekinah Bright Kiting'a*1. IntroductionThe death penalty sparks heated debate, yet there's a vital aspect often overlooked: itsimpact on women, especially mothers [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Gender [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://icj-kenya.org/news/sdm_downloads/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-kenya/ ) [217] => Array ( [objectID] => 23661 [title] => The Physician in the Execution Chamber: No Such Thing as the Normal Pain of Dying [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-physician-in-the-execution-chamber-no-such-thing-as-the-normal-pain-of-dying/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in October 2023.For capital punishment to be lawful in the United States of America, it must occur without cruelty, a requirement of the traditional reading of the Eighth Amendment. There has never been a consensus on what form of execution is cruel, although some historic practices are shockingly barbaric to modern sensibilities— I think of the “draw and quarter” technique. The family of the murdered victim may fairly argue that the murderous behavior should be the minimum degree of cruelty meted out. But western countries eschew that standard and seek moderate forms, partly to deter by punishment and partly as a forfeit of the murderer’s life for the victim’s life when execution is allowed in that state. Certainly, there is substantial support for continuation of execution in states that allow it. The judges must be respectful of that, but still, they must respect the 8th amendment. At present, the prevalent method of execution in the United States is “lethal injection” using injectable medicines in very high doses that are repurposed to kill the prisoner. Because it is impossible to ask an executed individual about the cruelty experienced during their own death, the state instead relies on the empathy of witnesses to gauge the cruelty of a prisoner’s execution. Lethal injection was expected to be a bloodless execution and aimed to eliminate the visible appearance of cruelty, sometimes through the use of a paralytic. [texte] => 307THE PHYSICIAN IN THE EXECUTION CHAMBER: NO SUCHTHING AS THE NORMAL PAIN OF DYINGJ OEL ZIVOT*ABSTRACT:For capital punishment to be lawful in the United States of Amer-ica, it must occur without cruelty, a requirement of the traditionalreading of the Eighth Amendment. There has never been a consensuson what form of execution is cruel, although some historic practicesare shockingly barbaric to modern sensibilities— I think of the “drawand quarter” technique. The family of the murdered victim may fairlyargue that the murderous behavior should be the minimum degree ofcruelty meted out. But western countries eschew that standard andseek moderate forms, partly to deter by punishment and partly as aforfeit of the murderer’s life for the victim’s life when execution is al-lowed in that state. Certainly, there is substantial support for continu-ation of execution in states that allow it. The judges must be respectfulof that, but still, they must respect the 8th amendment. At present, theprevalent method of execution in the United States is “lethal injec-tion” using injectable medicines in very high doses that are repur-posed to kill the prisoner. Because it is impossible to ask an executedindividual about the cruelty experienced during their own death, thestate instead relies on the empathy of witnesses to gauge the cruelty ofa prisoner’s execution. Lethal injection was expected to be a bloodlessexecution and aimed to eliminate the visible appearance of cruelty,sometimes through the use of a paralytic. Some judges mistakenly* Joel B. Zivot, MD, FRCP(C), MA, JM is a board certified in anesthesiologyfrom the Royal College of Physicians of Canada and the American Board of Anes-thesiology. He is also board certified in Critical Care Medicine from The AmericanBoard of Anesthesiology. He holds a Master of Bioethics and a Juris Master. He hasbeen in clinical practice for 28 years and is estimated to have cared for approximate-ly 50,000 patients in operating rooms and intensive care units.1Zivot: The Physician in the Execution Chamber: No Such Thing as the NormPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023308 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53claim that pain is always associated with death—a legal fiction that isunknown to physicians— justifying the pain of execution and takingfalse comfort in the error that death by capital punishment cannot bemade more pain free. When an execution does not appear outwardlycruel to witnesses, the state has claimed the prisoner’s inward experi-ence must also not be cruel. However, convincing evidence that willbe referred within this paper shows that the state’s use of lethal injec-tion medicine to render executions outwardly painless and bloodlessis not free from cruelty. The outward appearance of peace during aprisoner’s execution very likely does not accurately reflect the inter-nal agony of lethal injection. The drug cocktail used during lethal in-jection commonly causes lung congestion that shares the characteris-tics of death by drowning and is commonly seen on autopsiesperformed on executed prisoners. Drowning is believed to be a painfuldeath, possibly made more cruel to one who has also been paralyzed.Lethal injection requires prison personnel to successfully start anintravenous line, which is increasingly beyond the capacity of execu-tion teams. In the recent case of the execution of Joe Nathan James bythe State of Alabama, the autopsy revealed he had been subjected totortuous attempts at establishing an intravenous line, including theperformance of an unauthorized “cut-down.” The State of Alabamaalso attempted and failed to establish intravenous access in both AllanEugene Miller and Kevin Eugen Smith. Both men survived and de-scribed a harrowing scene of being strapped to a table while multipleintravenous attempts were made in both arms and legs and finally giv-ing up because the death warrant had expired. As an alternative to le-thal injection, the state of Alabama is advancing execution by nitrogengas, so called “nitrogen hypoxia,” in another attempt to mollify wit-nesses and bloodlessly kill. At the time of this writing, no state hasused nitrogen gas for this purpose. Modern medicines are designed tobe ineffective killers. Moreover, lethal injection is incompatible withthe oath that binds doctors to be non-maleficent and beneficent. Whilethe state passes laws and protocols to shield complicit doctors andprovide exculpatory cover in assisting with lethal injection, lethal in-jection is not a medical act. Medicine and doctors should have no partin executions. In this paper, I offer a better understanding of how le-thal injection is not a pathway to non-cruel execution. I explain whatlethal injection does and does not do to the body and why the state ofAlabama is considering as an alternative the use of inert gases like ni-2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 3https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/32023] NO S UCH THING AS THE NORMAL P AIN OF DYING 309trogen. I will discuss why the use of nitrogen gas may fail to causedeath without cruelty and should not be the state’s replacement for le-thal injection. Finally, this paper will explain why the state should notuse medicine or the medical profession to carry out capital punish-ment.In the United States, several methods of lawful execution havebeen utilized, including execution by hanging, firing squad, electrocu-tion, and various versions of the gas chamber.1 In 1977 OklahomaState medical examiner Jay Chapman proposed a new method of exe-cution that utilized the tools of medicine and began with the estab-lishment of an intravenous saline drip in the arm of a prisoner.2 Acombination of medications, now repurposed as poisons, were injectedin a sequence, and the resulting combination of the injected chemicalscaused death.3In this early version of the lethal injection, the first drug injectedwas sodium thiopental,4 which is no longer available because of itsuse in execution.5 This compound is within the class of drugs knownas a barbiturate and was traditionally used at the beginning of a gen-eral anesthetic procedure.6 As an anesthesiologist and intensivist run-1. Methods of Execution, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/methods-of-execution (last visited Mar. 2, 2023) (lethal injectionremains the preferred method of execution in all states in the modern era).2. Max Kutner, Meet A. Jay Chapman, “Father of the Lethal Injection”,N EWSWEEK (Apr. 1, 2017, 2:09 PM), https://www.newsweek.com/jay-chapman-inventor-lethal-injection-arkansas-592506 (Jay Chapman was a forensic pathologistand copied his method of execution from an anesthetic induction).3. Overview of Lethal Injection Protocols, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR .,https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/lethal-injection/overview-of-lethal-injection-protocols (last visited Mar. 2, 2023).4. Sodium Thiopental, Use Me To Save lives, Not Cause Death, What Mole-cule Am I?, AM . CHEMISTRY S OC ’Y (Jan. 4, 2016), https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/s/sodium-thiopental.html.5. Chris McGreal, Lethal Injection Drug Production Ends in the US, Sole USSodium Thiopental Manufacturer, Hospira, Has Ceased Manufacturing the DrugUsed in Administering Death Penalties, T HE G UARDIAN (Jan. 23, 2011),https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/23/lethal-injection-sodium-thiopental-hospira.6. Vedat Çakırtekin et al., Comparison of the Effects of Thiopental Sodium andPropofol on Haemodynamics, Awareness and Newborns During Caesarean Section3Zivot: The Physician in the Execution Chamber: No Such Thing as the NormPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023310 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53ning intensive care units, I am familiar with the traditional medical useof these drugs. Anesthesiologists refer to the beginning of a generalanesthetic as an induction, and sodium thiopental was the classical in-duction agent. Once injected, sodium thiopental rapidly produced astate of stupor and unresponsiveness.7 However, sodium thiopental isnot a pain reliever per se.8 Still, when dosed correctly, in most cases,it creates a reduced state of awareness to a sufficient degree thatwould permit the introduction of other procedures that might be pain-ful.9 Sodium thiopental buffered the transition from induction to anes-thetic maintenance. When injected in large quantities, sodium thiopen-tal, can affect the strength of the heart’s contraction. In an extremecase, the blood pressure and strength of circulation can fall to thepoint of fatality.10 This characteristic made it useful in state execu-tions and was adapted for executions by administering a massiveoverdose.The second injected chemical was pancuronium bromide.11 Thisdrug causes paralysis of the muscles of movement and the muscles ofbreathing.12 If given alone, a state of generalized paralysis would en-sue, but there would be no interruption of awareness or the control ofpain.13 An individual paralyzed with pancuronium bromide would beawake and aware but unable to communicate and breathe. If pancu-Under General Anaesthesia, 43 T URK. J. OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY & REANIMATION106 (2015), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4917150/.7. Pentothal Prescribing Information, D RUGS, https://www.drugs.com/pro/pentothal.html#:~:text=Pentothal%20 (last updated Apr. 21, 2022).8. Id.9. Id.10. Id.11. Michael F. Roizen & Thomas W. Feeley, Drugs Five Years Later: Pancu-ronium Bromide, 88(1) ANNALS OF I NTERNAL M ED. 64 (1978), https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-64 (pancuronium bromide is a drugthat works by occupying a binding site at the neuromuscular junction thereby block-ing the natural chemical, acetylcholine, that would otherwise cause a muscle to con-tract. This drug is in the same class as the drug curare, also called D-tubocurare,which was the first paralytic used in anesthesia. It has since been replaced by neweragen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/3/ ) [218] => Array ( [objectID] => 23659 [title] => American Death Penalty Exceptionalism, Then and Now [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/american-death-penalty-exceptionalism-then-and-now/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in October 2023. The most commonly observed fact of American capital punishment is its present outlier status: the United States (U.S.) is the only developed Western democracy that retains the death penalty, and it does so not simply as a matter of law, but as a matter of practice, conducting numerous executions every year. This “exceptionalism” with respect to the death penalty is noteworthy, but focusing on present-day American retention obscures many additional aspects of American death penalty exceptionalism. This Keynote will trace several ways in which the American death penalty was an outlier at its founding and throughout its subsequent history, as well as the varied aspects of its exceptionalism today. I will conclude by predicting that U.S. exceptionalism will soon come to an end–with an “exceptional” form of death penalty abolition, traceable to the distinctive path of the American death penalty [texte] => 291CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONALLAW JOURNALVOLUME 53 SPRING 2023 NUMBER 2AMERICAN DEATH P ENALTY EXCEPTIONALISM ,T HEN AND NOWJ ORDAN S TEIKER*TABLE OF C ONTENTSI. EXCEPTIONALISM THEN ............................................................ 292II. EXCEPTIONALISM NOW ............................................................ 298III. C ONCLUSION ............................................................................ 304The most commonly observed fact of American capital punishmentis its present outlier status: the United States (U.S.) is the only devel-oped Western democracy that retains the death penalty, and it does sonot simply as a matter of law, but as a matter of practice, conductingnumerous executions every year.This “exceptionalism” with respect to the death penalty is note-worthy, but focusing on present-day American retention obscuresmany additional aspects of American death penalty exceptionalism.This Keynote will trace several ways in which the American deathpenalty was an outlier at its founding and throughout its subsequenthistory, as well as the varied aspects of its exceptionalism today. I willconclude by predicting that U.S. exceptionalism will soon come to anend–with an “exceptional” form of death penalty abolition, traceableto the distinctive path of the American death penalty.* Judge Robert M. Parker Endowed Chair in Law, Co-Director, Capital Pun-ishment Center, The University of Texas School of Law.1Steiker: American Death Penalty Exceptionalism, Then and NowPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023292 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53I. EXCEPTIONALISM THENLet me first highlight some less frequently observed aspects ofAmerican death penalty exceptionalism, beginning with the country’searly history. At our founding, several leading political and intellectu-al leaders voiced skepticism about the death penalty, though it was anentrenched practice both here and abroad. These leaders were influ-enced by Cesare Beccaria’s pathbreaking abolitionist arguments,1published in the decade before our Revolution in his now-famoustract, “On Crimes and Punishment.”2Beccaria emphasized both pragmatic and profound objections tothe death penalty, asking, for example, “What right . . . have men tocut the throats of their fellow-creatures?”3 Beccaria insisted that thedeath penalty was neither necessary nor useful, doubting that a publicmurder by the state would yield significant deterrence (and worrying itmight do the reverse–an early version of the argument about the deathpenalty’s “brutalization effect”).4 He also believed that the state couldnot claim the power to execute via social contract theory, as individu-als lack the right to forfeit their own lives and thus cannot relinquishtheir right to life to the state.5Dr. Benjamin Rush, an influential statesman of the founding erawho signed the Declaration of Independence and led the effort to rati-fy the Constitution in Pennsylvania, embraced Beccaria’s argumentsand urged the end of capital punishment.6 James Madison likewisequestioned the wisdom of capital punishment, suggesting that hewould welcome decisions by states to abandon the practice.7 ThomasJefferson sought to limit the reach of the death penalty in Virginia, in-1. For an excellent discussion of Beccaria’s influence on the American found-ing generation, see John D. Bessler, Revisiting Beccaria’s Vision: The Enlighten-ment, America’s Death Penalty, and the Abolition Movement, 4 N W. J. L. & SOC .P OL. 195 (2009).2. CESARE B ECCARIA, A N E SSAY ON CRIMES AND P UNISHMENTS (1872)(ebook).3. Id. at 51.4. Id. at 53.5. Id. at 51.6. See Bessler, supra note 1, at 209–10.7. J OHN D. B ESSLER , CRUEL AND U NUSUAL: T HE AMERICAN D EATH P ENALTYAND THE FOUNDERS’ E IGHTH AMENDMENT 158 (2012).2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 2https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/22023] AMERICAN D EATH P ENALTY EXCEPTIONALISM 293fluenced in part by Beccaria’s insistence on “proportionate” punish-ments. Jefferson later embraced Beccaria’s position regarding “the un-rightfulness and inefficacy” of punishing crimes by death.8These founding leaders were not alone in the world in embracingmany of Beccaria’s concerns about the death penalty.9 Bentham, forexample, was enormously influenced by Beccaria.10 However, theUnited States was unusual, if not “exceptional,” in having significantreservations about the death penalty at its founding and in two relatedrespects: (1) the country’s founding creed, voiced in the Declarationof Independence maintains that individuals are endowed with a God-given inalienable right to life; and (2) these reservations quickly be-came the basis for significant narrowing of the death penalty beforesuch narrowing became commonplace in other countries.11How significant is the claim in the Declaration of Independencethat it is self-evident that “man is endowed by his Creator with certaininalienable rights,” among them “[l]ife, [l]iberty, and the pursuit ofhappiness?” This language, though likely not intended as a rebuke ofthe death penalty, provides the ingredients of a quite modern versionof the “human rights” ground for abolition: the Beccaria notion thatthe right to life is “God-given,” “inalienable,” and thus outside of thepowers states legitimately can possess. Although the Declaration ofIndependence does not have the same legal force as the Constitution,it occupies a central role in this country’s political culture and self-image. It is not accidental that President Lincoln, insisting in his Get-tysburg Address that our country was “conceived in liberty” and “ded-icated to the proposition that all men are created equal,” dated thesecommitments back to the Declaration of Independence (“four scoreand seven years ago”) rather than to our 1789 Constitution (which wasnotably less committed to equality, especially in its concessions toslavery).Perhaps more importantly, skepticism about the death penalty inthe founding era yielded real-world, concrete results. Dr. Rush’s em-brace of Beccaria contributed to the effort in Pennsylvania, in the late8. See Bessler, supra note 1, at 212–15.9. B ESSLER , supra note 7, at 43–47.10. Id. at 48.11. C AROL S. S TEIKER & J ORDAN M. STEIKER , COURTING D EATH: T HE SU-PREME COURT AND C APITAL P UNISHMENT 9–10 (2016).3Steiker: American Death Penalty Exceptionalism, Then and NowPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023294 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53eighteenth century, to limit the reach of the death penalty.12 Pennsyl-vania’s innovative effort to divide murder into degrees was explicitlydesigned to make even some murders punishable by sentences lessthan death–a striking contrast to England’s “bloody code,” which au-thorized the death penalty for a wide range of crimes, including suchoffenses as theft from a rabbit warren.13 The Pennsylvania restrictionof the death penalty to murders in the first degree spread quickly toother states, with the net result that many states essentially punishedonly murder (and not even all murder) with death by the mid-nineteenth century.14At the same time, the American death penalty was more robust inthe American South.15 The varying availability and use of the deathpenalty throughout the U.S. was attributable to another central aspectof American death penalty exceptionalism: American federalism. Ourfederal structure leaves decisions about crime and punishment to eachof the states. Although there is a federal criminal code (which includesthe death penalty), the federal government punishes crimes only wherethere is a distinct federal interest, leaving the definition of, and pun-ishment for, ordinary crimes to the states. As a result, American juris-dictions were outliers with respect to the death penalty in bothdirections during the antebellum period. On the one hand, two Ameri-can states–Michigan and Wisconsin–were among the first jurisdictionsin the world to permanently abolish capital punishment, having doneso more than 160 years ago.16 These vanguards of abolition compli-cate the story of the U.S. as “exceptional” in its present-day retentionof capital punishment.On the other hand, the American South was an outlier in the otherdirection. Not only did Southern states retain the death penalty, butthey also practiced a particularly brutal and racialized version of thepunishment.17 Under the infamous slave codes, slave states made awide variety of offenses punishable by death, but only when commit-12. Id. at 10–11.13. See History of the Death Penalty: Early History of the Death Penalty,D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/history-of-the-death-penalty/early-history-of-the-death-penalty (last visited Apr. 5, 2023).14. See S TEIKER & S TEIKER , supra note 11, at 11.15. Id. at 17–19.16. Id. at 22.17. Id. at 17–24.4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 2https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/22023] AMERICAN D EATH P ENALTY EXCEPTIONALISM 295ted by a slave (or a free person of color), and only when the victimwas white.18 In antebellum Virginia, for example, whites could re-ceive the death penalty for four crimes, whereas slaves were subject toover sixty capital offenses.19 Slave states also made the death penaltyavailable for threats to slavery itself, such as encouraging escape orinsurrection–and reserved particularly dramatic and painful modes ofexecution, such as burning at the stake and public display of thecorpse, for those perceived to challenge the slavocracy.20 The breadthof the death penalty as applied to slaves was widely understood as anecessary part of Southern codes because threats of confinement orlesser physical punishments were not likely to serve as much of a de-terrent for an already enslaved population. Moreover, the extent towhich capital punishment was deemed a necessary public good wasreflected in the practice of compensating [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/2/ ) [219] => Array ( [objectID] => 23657 [title] => More Indicators of the Falling Support for the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/more-indicators-of-the-falling-support-for-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on October 12, 2023.In the seminal Furman v. Georgia case from 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court (in effect) invalidated all death penalty statutes then inforce in American jurisdictions. After many states went back to their legislative drawing boards, some of the revised statutes were approved by the Court in 1976. At that time, Gallup found that 66 percent of the American public supported the death penalty, while 26 percent stood opposed. While support grew to 80 percent in 1994, a recent Gallup Poll from October 2022 shows that this figure has dropped to 55 percent. Recently, only 36 percent of Americans still support the death penalty given the alternative punishment of life imprisonment. [texte] => 405MORE I NDICATORS OF THE FALLING SUPPORTFOR THE DEATH PENALTYTALIA R OITBERG HARMON * & M ICHAEL L. R ADELET**TABLE OF C ONTENTSINTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 405I. ARGUMENT ............................................................................... 407C ONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 413INTRODUCTIONIn the seminal Furman v. Georgia case from 1972, the U.S. Su-preme Court (in effect) invalidated all death penalty statutes then inforce in American jurisdictions.1 After many states went back to theirlegislative drawing boards, some of the revised statutes were approvedby the Court in 1976.2 At that time, Gallup found that 66 percent ofthe American public supported the death penalty, while 26 percentstood opposed.3 While support grew to 80 percent in 1994,4 a recentGallup Poll from October 2022 shows that this figure has dropped to55 percent. 5 Recently, only 36 percent of Americans still support thedeath penalty given the alternative punishment of life imprisonment.6* Professor and Chair, Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, NiagaraUniversity.** Professor Emeritus, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado-Boulder.1. Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972).2. See Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 179 (1976) and companion cases.3. Death Penalty, GALLUP, https://news.gallup.com/poll/1606/death-penalty.aspx(last visited Mar. 1, 2023).4. Id.5. Id.6. Id. Gallup last asked this question in 2019. In every American jurisdictionthat authorizes the death penalty except Alaska, those convicted of capital homicides1Harmon and Radelet: More Indicators of the Falling Support for the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023406 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53Since the 1970s, the number of executions and death sentences inthe United States (U.S.) has declined precipitously, and they are in-creasingly confined to fewer states. As the Death Penalty InformationCenter reports, 2022 was the “eighth consecutive year with fewer than30 executions and 50 new death sentences.” 7The step away from the death penalty in the U.S. is only part of aworldwide movement that is gradually moving toward the abolition ofcapital punishment. According to Amnesty International, in 1977,“only 16 countries had totally abolished the death penalty. Today, thatnumber has risen to 108 – more than half the world’s countries. Morethan two-thirds are abolitionist in law or practice.” 8 In September2022, Equatorial Guinea became the twenty-fifth African country toeliminate the death penalty. 9 In the U.S., thirteen states have abolishedthe death penalty since 1972.10While many factors might explain this trend, this Article focuseson post-Furman changes in the ways that the death penalty is justifiedby its supporters. Instead of focusing on empirical issues (things forwhich data can be collected and analyzed, such as deterrence), wecontend that today’s proponents tend to focus on abstract moral prin-ciples that are more difficult to prove or disprove with empirical databut not sentenced to death are sentenced to life imprisonment without any hope forparole (LWOP). Thus, only about 1/3 of the American public supports the deathpenalty today given the existing alternatives.7. The Death Penalty in 2022: Year End Report, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ,https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/Year-End-Report-2022.pdf.8. What We Do, AMNESTY I NT ’ L, https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penalty/ (last visited Mar. 1, 2023).9. Equatorial Guinea Becomes 25th African Country to Abolish Death Penal-ty, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR . (Sept. 20, 2022), https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/equatorial-guinea-becomes-25th-african-country-to-abolish-death-penalty.10. Massachusetts (1984), New York (2004), New Jersey (2007), New Mexico(2009), Illinois (2011), Connecticut (2012), Maryland (2013), Delaware (2016),Washington (2018), New Hampshire (2019), Colorado (2020), and Virginia (2021).The Nebraska legislature abolished the death penalty in 2015 and overrode the gov-ernor’s veto of that Bill in 2016; however, it was reinstated by a ballot initiative in2016. State by State, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. CTR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state (last visited Mar. 1, 2023). Four other jurisdictionscurrently have moratoria on executions (California, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and thefederal government). Death Penalty States with Gubernatorial Moratoria, D EATHP ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state (last visited Mar. 1, 2023).2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 5https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/52023] FALLING S UPPORT FOR THE DEATH P ENALTY 407(e.g., proponents may argue that “justice demands it” or “they deserveit”). In fact, as we will argue below, almost all the empirical claimsused to support capital punishment in the 1970s have been discreditedby legal scholars and criminologists. We address these claims in noparticular order.I. ARGUMENTDeterrence. Our understanding of public opinion is that until thepast two decades or so, the principal argument in support of the deathpenalty was deterrence; meaning, we need to execute offenders tosend a message to potential offenders who contemplate committingsimilar heinous crimes. Scores of researchers have examined this is-sue, and the strong consensus among the nation’s top criminologists isthat the evidence does not support the contention that the death penal-ty exerts stronger deterrent effects than long prison sentences. 11 Thefew studies that have reached a different conclusion have been largelydiscredited. 12Perhaps the final word on this debate was published by a 2012National Academy of Sciences panel comprised of the world’s leadingcriminologists and capital punishment scholars.13 This 123-page reportreviewed different methodologies and studies that have been em-ployed to study deterrence, delineating the limits and challenges ofeach approach. They concluded:The committee concludes that research to date on the effect of capi-tal punishment on homicide is not informative about whether capi-tal punishment decreases, increases, or has no effect on homiciderates. Therefore, the committee recommends that these studies notbe used to inform deliberations requiring judgments about the effectof the death penalty on homicide. Consequently, claims that re-search demonstrates that capital punishment decreases or increasesthe homicide rate by a specified amount or has no effect on the11. Michael L. Radelet & Traci L. Lacock, Do Executions Lower HomicideRates? The Views of Leading Criminologists, 99 J. OF CRIM . L. & CRIMINOLOGY 489(2009).12. DETERRENCE AND THE DEATH PENALTY 47–100 (Daniel S. Nagin & John v.Pepper eds. 2012), https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1529-nagin-full-reportpdf.13. Id.3Harmon and Radelet: More Indicators of the Falling Support for the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023408 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53homicide rate should not influence policy judgments about capitalpunishment.14In short, there is no credible evidence that the death penalty detersmore homicides than alternative punishments of long-term prison sen-tences. 15 In effect, one of the strongest, if not the strongest pro-deathpenalty arguments discussed in Furman and Gregg has virtually dis-appeared.Incapacitation. This argument in support of the death penaltysuggests that we need to execute those convicted of the most viciousmurders because as long as they are alive, they will continue to threat-en public (or prison) safety. 16 The argument has public appeal becausethe only way to completely ensure that anyone will not kill in the fu-ture is to kill them first. For American policy makers, however, thequestion is how many murders could be prevented by the death penal-ty instead of allowing for natural death with alternative sentences oflong imprisonment or even life imprisonment without parole (LWOP).Research continues to show that offenders convicted of murder havean extremely low recidivism rate.17 Coupled with the small number ofoffenders who have been sentenced to death in recent years, this ar-gument is even less influential than it was in the not-too-distant past.Religious Views. In the 1970s, few religious organizations tookformal stands on the death penalty. However, it was not uncommonfor some religious leaders to quote biblical passages in favor of thedeath penalty. 18 Today the vast majority of communities of faith stand14. Id. at 2.15. One of the authors (MLR) sat through all the legislative debates in Colora-do when the death penalty was abolished there in 2020. Deterrence was barely men-tioned, and no experts argued that the death penalty was a superior deterrent to lifeimprisonment. In the end, deterrence was a non-issue.16. SHAWN D. B USHWAY, Incapacitation, in E NCYCLOPEDIA OF CRIMINOLOGYAND CRIMINAL J USTICE 2443–50 (G. Bruinsman & D. Weidsburd eds. 2014).17. See, e.g., James W. Marquart & Jonathan R. Sorensen, A National Study ofthe Furman-Commuted Inmates: Assessing the Threat to Society from Capital Of-fenders, 23 LOY. L.A. L. REV . 5 (1989); Ashley Nellis, A New Lease on Life, T HESENTENCING P ROJECT (June 30, 2021), https://www.sentencingproject.org/reports/a-new-lease-on-life/.18. See generally J AMES MEGIVERN, T HE DEATH P ENALTY: AN H ISTORICALAND T HEOLOGICAL SURVEY (1997).4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 5https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/52023] FALLING S UPPORT FOR THE DEATH P ENALTY 409opposed to executions, and the few outliers are often silent on the is-sue, offering neither support nor criticism.19In 2018, Pope Francis, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church(the largest religious denominatio [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/5/ ) [220] => Array ( [objectID] => 23655 [title] => Gender, Violence, and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gender-violence-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023. This article is the first in a series that will systematically explore how gender has affected the criminal proceedings of women currently on death row. For this inaugural article, we have undertaken the first—and, to our knowledge, only comprehensive analysis of gender-based violence (“GBV”) in the lives of all women currently on death row, examining the prevalence of GBV and how it has shaped the lives and affected the criminal prosecutions of women facing execution. Our research reveals, for the first time, that almost every woman on death row in the United States has experienced GBV. Indeed,the great majority have experienced more than one incident of GBV in their lifetime. Our findings align with previous studies demonstrating that women’s pathways to incarceration are paved with physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Our research further shows that both in the United States and around the world, defense attorneys frequently fail to present evidence of GBV in women’s capital trials. When they do introduce such evidence, they fail to fully explain the nature of their clients’ victimization and the harm they have suffered as a result. Moreover, prosecutors frequently rely on gendered tropes to discredit women’s accounts of violence such as childhood sexual abuse, rape, and intimate partner violence. Consequently, those who sentence women to die rarely comprehend the extensive trauma that the women have endured throughout their lives, and how that trauma relates to their legal and moral culpability. [texte] => 327GENDER, VIOLENCE, AND THE DEATH PENALTYS ANDRA BABCOCK AND NATHALIE GREENFIELD*TABLE OF C ONTENTSINTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 328I. M ETHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 332II. S UMMARY OF F INDINGS ........................................................... 334III. OVERVIEW OF W OMEN ON DEATH R OW ................................... 336A. United States ..................................................................... 336B. Global Overview ............................................................... 338IV. GENDER -BASED V IOLENCE: THEORETICAL AND LEGALFRAMEWORKS .......................................................................... 341A. The International Legal Framework................................. 341B. The Intersection of Gender-Based Violence andMarginalized Identities ..................................................... 344V. GENDER -BASED V IOLENCE IN W OMEN’S C APITAL C ASESIN THE UNITED S TATES ............................................................. 348A. The Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence in the Casesof Women Currently Sentenced to Death .......................... 349* Sandra Babcock is a Clinical Professor of Law at Cornell Law School.Nathalie Greenfield is a consultant with the Center on Gender and Extreme Sentenc-ing and the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. The authors wish, firstand foremost, to thank the women on death row who have shared their experiencesof gender-based violence. The authors are also very grateful to the numerous capitalpost-conviction lawyers who provided critical information and documents that al-lowed us to carry out this research. This article benefitted from early consultationswith our colleagues Sheri Johnson, Ngozi Ndulue, and Cathleen Price, who alsohelped us gather critical data. Our deepest thanks go to our excellent cohort of re-searchers and colleagues who helped us analyze our data and think through method-ological questions, including Kathryn Adamson, Maci East, Randi Kepecs, PaulinaLucio Maymon, Gabriela Markolovic, and Sofía López Cartagena. Thank you alsoto Kathryn Donoho for her invaluable assistance chasing down cites and verifyingsources. Finally, the authors thank Maxwell Sherman for his thoughtful advice onour data analysis and for creating our figures.1Babcock and Greenfield: Gender, Violence, and the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023328 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53B. The Treatment of Gender-Based Violence by LegalActors in the United States ................................................ 374VI. GENDER -BASED V IOLENCE IN THE C ASES OF W OMENS ENTENCED TO DEATH A ROUND THE G LOBE ........................... 391A. Gender-Based Violence and IntersectionalDiscrimination .................................................................. 391B. Treatment of Gender Based Violence by Legal Actors ..... 394C. The Case of Chausiku Magoiga ........................................ 395C ONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 398INTRODUCTIONFor centuries, women facing capital punishment have been carica-tured as “black widows,”1 “witches,”2 and “monsters.”3 The sensa-tionalist media coverage that often accompanies their trials and execu-tions obscures the complexity of their lives and the experiences thatled to their arrest and prosecution. At the same time, because thenumber of women facing the death penalty around the world is rela-tively small, their pathways to incarceration and experiences in thelegal system have received far less attention than those of men.41. M ARY W ELEK ATWELL, W RETCHED S ISTERS: E XAMINING G ENDER ANDC APITAL P UNISHMENT 110 (2nd ed. 2014) (describing the case of Betty Lou Beets).2. Around the world, hundreds of thousands of women were executed for“witchcraft” from the 1400s through the 1600s. D AVID B AKER , W OMEN AND C API-TAL P UNISHMENT IN THE U NITED S TATES: A N ANALYTICAL H ISTORY 68 (2015).Even beyond the 1600s, the cultural stigma of labeling women as “witches” contin-ues–as recently as 2020, a woman facing the death penalty in Nebraska was called“the Iowa witch” in news coverage of her trial. Alex Lang, Iowa “Witch,” 26, GotSexual Pleasure from Killing and Torture, Prosecutors Say at Her Murder Trial,K NEWZ (Sept. 30, 2020), https://knewz.com/bailey-boswell-loofe-murder/.3. See ATWELL, supra note 1, at 181 (describing the case of Aileen Wuornos).4. In 2004, the ACLU concluded that “[n]early all” scholarship on the applica-tion of the death penalty had focused on men. AM . C. L. U NION, T HE FORGOTTENP OPULATION: A LOOK AT D EATH ROW IN THE U NITED S TATES T HROUGH THE E XPE-RIENCES OF WOMEN 1 (Dec. 2004), https://www.aclu.org/report/forgotten-population-look-death-row-united-states-through-experiences-women. Since then, several au-thors have conducted case studies or surveys of women sentenced to death in theUnited States, most of which focus primarily on the cases of women post-execution.See, e.g., Kathryn Farr, Intellectual Disability and Mental Illness Among WomenSentenced to Death in the U.S.: Constitutional and Evidentiary Dilemmas, 24 P UN-ISHMENT & SOC ’ Y 571 (2022); Jessica Sutton, John Mills, Jennifer Merrigan & Kris-tin Swain, Death by Dehumanization: Prosecutorial Narratives of Death-Sentenced2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 4https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/42023] GENDER , V IOLENCE, AND THE DEATH P ENALTY 329This article is the first in a series that will systematically explorehow gender has affected the criminal proceedings of women currentlyon death row. For this inaugural article, we have undertaken thefirst—and, to our knowledge, only5—comprehensive analysis of gen-der-based violence (“GBV”) in the lives of all women currently ondeath row, examining the prevalence of GBV and how it has shapedthe lives and affected the criminal prosecutions of women facing exe-cution. Our research reveals, for the first time, that almost every wom-an on death row in the United States has experienced GBV. Indeed,the great majority have experienced more than one incident of GBV intheir lifetime.6 Our findings align with previous studies demonstratingWomen and LGBTQ Prisoners, 95 ST. J OHN’S L. REV. 1053 (2021); B AKER , supranote 2; A TWELL, supra note 1; Victor Streib, Rare and Inconsistent: The Death Pen-alty for Women, 33 FORDHAM U RB . L. J. 101 (2006); Joey L. Mogul, The Dykier, theButcher, the Better: The State’s Use of Homophobia and Sexism to Execute Womenin the United States, 8 CUNY L. REV. 473 (2005); Elizabeth Rapaport, StayingAlive: Executive Clemency, Equal Protection, and the Politics of Gender in Wom-en’s Capital Cases, 4 B UFFALO CRIM . L. REV. 967 (2001).5. While several scholars have examined the relevance of gender in women’scases through historical surveys or case studies (see supra note 4), we have notfound any studies conducting a systematic analysis of the role of gender-based vio-lence in the lives of all women currently under sentence of death. Scholars such asVictor Streib and Elizabeth Rapaport have also explored why few women are sen-tenced to death as compared to men. See, e.g., Victor Streib, Gendering the DeathPenalty: Countering Sex Bias in a Masculine Sanctuary, 63 O HIO STATE L.J. 433(2002); Elizabeth Rapaport, The Death Penalty and Gender Discrimination, 25 L. &SOC ’Y REV. 367 (1991) [hereinafter Rapaport, Gender Discrimination]. Rapaport’sresearch in particular shattered the myth that the low numbers were attributable tothe “chivalrous” treatment women allegedly experienced in the criminal legal sys-tem. See Elizabeth Rapaport, Equality of the Damned: The Execution of Women onthe Cusp of the 21 st Century, 26 O HIO N. U. L. REV. 581, 583 (2000) (“It is the ex-tremely low rate of participation in death penalty echelon crimes that most powerful-ly explains the low percentage of women on death row.”); Elizabeth Rapaport, SomeQuestions About Gender and the Death Penalty, 20 G OLDEN G ATE U. L. REV. 501,508–09 (1990) (noting that available data “does not support the proposition that fe-male murderers have a substantial advantage over similarly situated male murderersin avoiding the death penalty”). The focus of our research is different. Rather thanexplaining why women are sentenced to death at lower rates than men, we seek toshed light on women’s experiences prior to and during their capital prosecutions.6. As explained in Part V, our research reveals that at least forty-six of theforty-eight people on death row who presented as women at trial have experiencedGBV. Of these forty-six women, forty-one experienced more than one incident ofgender-based violence before their incarceration.3Babcock and Greenfield: Gender, Violence, and the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023330 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53that women’s pathways to incarceration are paved with physical, sex-ual, and psychological abuse.7Our research further shows that both in the United States andaround the world, defense attorneys frequently fail to present evidenceof GBV in women’s capital trials. When they do introduce such evi-dence, they fail to fully explain the nature of their clients’ victimiza-tion and the harm they have suffered as a result.8 Moreover, prosecu-tors frequently rely on gendered tropes to discredit women’s accountsof violence such as childhood sexual abuse, rape, and intimate partnerviolence.9 Consequently, those who sentence women to die rarelycomprehend the extensive trauma that the women have enduredthroughout their lives, and how that trauma relates to their legal andmoral culpability.107. As Sue Osthoff has observed, “[o]ur country’s jails and prisons are filledwith battered women.” SUE O STHOFF, When Victims Become Defendants: BatteredWomen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/4/ ) [221] => Array ( [objectID] => 23653 [title] => The Use of the Death Penalty as a Bargaining Chip in Innocence Cases [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-use-of-the-death-penalty-as-a-bargaining-chip-in-innocence-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023. While 70% of the world’s countries have abolished the death penalty, also known as capital punishment, much of the United States continues to use it in its criminal legal proceedings.According to the Death Penalty Information Center, at least 190 people were exonerated prior to their fated execution date after being wrongly convicted and sentenced to death in the United States. There is no way to tell how many of the 1,562 people, who have been executed in the United States, were actually innocent. As there are wrongful convictions still happening today, it is no surprise that most countries consider the death penalty a human rights issue. [texte] => 481THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY AS ABARGAINING CHIP IN I NNOCENCE CASESC LAUDIA I. S ALINAS*T ABLE OF CONTENSI. P LAYING IN A H IGH S TAKES GAME .......................................... 481II. M ARILYN M ULERO: THE P LAYER FORCED INTO AN“A LL-IN ” S ITUATION ................................................................ 484III. R EGGIE C OLE: THE P LAYER W HO M ADE A GOOD P LAYG IVEN THE C IRCUMSTANCES .................................................... 486IV. C HANGING THE GAME .............................................................. 488V. ELIMINATE THE “BARGAINING C HIP ” ....................................... 492I. P LAYING IN A H IGH S TAKES GAMEWinning a case in court, like winning a game of poker, is not al-ways a matter of holding good cards; sometimes, it all comes down toplaying a poor hand well. Even then, a skilled poker player needs tohave chips to play. At a table full of poker players, it is no shock theplayer with the most chips in front of them sets the tone of the tableand becomes the “Big Stack Bully.”1 More bargaining chips allow forthe player to make more combinations of plays and bluffs. The player* Claudia I. Salinas, Esq., California Innocence Project Attorney (2023). Theauthor would like to thank her parents and sister for their love and support, all of theamazing attorneys, staff, and interns at the California Innocence Project, and specifi-cally Alex Simpson and Jamila Michael for their contributions to this essay. Theauthor also extends special thanks to Arya Sadighian and the rest of the CaliforniaWestern International Law Journal for the invitation to participate in the Cruel andModern Punishment: The Death Penalty under International Law Symposium.1. The term “Big Stack Bully” is used by poker players when referring to theplayer in a poker game with the power to out-bet the players with less bargaining chips.Big Stack Strategies: Going For The Kill, CARDSCHAT, https://www.cardschat.com/poker/strategy/multi-table-tournament/mtt-big-stack/ (last visited Feb. 22, 2023).1Salinas: The Use of the Death Penalty as a Bargaining Chip in Innocence CaPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023482 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53with the biggest stack of chips is able to bully the players with smallerstacks into folding—even if their cards are better—to avoid having togo “all-in.” The small stacks are constantly playing on defense waitingfor pocket aces that will actually hold up against the “Big Stack Bully.”In the criminal legal system, the stakes are always high. The “BigStack Bully” is the prosecution; the player with more resources, ad-vantage, and backed by the might of the state or federal government.2The prosecution has the power to call or fold—to take the case to trialor offer a deal. The small stacks, invariably, are the defendants, thoseplayers who come to the table at a tremendous disadvantage, and whoare always “all in.” In the most serious cases, the prosecution can raisethe stakes to the highest level by leveraging their most advantageousbargaining chip: the death penalty.While 70% of the world’s countries have abolished the death pen-alty, also known as capital punishment, much of the United Statescontinues to use it in its criminal legal proceedings.3 According to theDeath Penalty Information Center, at least 190 people were exonerat-ed prior to their fated execution date after being wrongly convictedand sentenced to death in the United States.4 There is no way to tellhow many of the 1,562 people, who have been executed in the UnitedStates, were actually innocent. As there are wrongful convictions stillhappening today, it is no surprise that most countries consider thedeath penalty a human rights issue.5Among others, a frightening number of those exonerations werethe product of official misconduct, perjury or false accusation, or falseor fabricated confession, which often occurs simultaneously.6 Whenthe prosecution brings a death penalty bargaining chip to the table,2. Craig R. Chlarson, The Disparity Among Prosecution and Pub. Def., WASATCHDEF. LAWS., https://wasatchdefenselawyers.com/the-disparity-among-prosecution-and-public-defense/ (last visited Feb. 22, 2023).3. Policy Issues: International, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/international (last visited Feb. 3, 2023) [hereinafterPolicy Issues: International].4. Policy Issues: Innocence, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/innocence (last visited Feb. 3, 2023).5. Policy Issues: International, supra note 4.6. Robert Dunham, DPIC Analysis: Causes of Wrongful Convictions, D EATHPENALTY INFO. CTR. (May 31, 2017), https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/stories/dpic-analysis-causes-of-wrongful-convictions.2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 7https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/72023] DEATH P ENALTY AS A BARGAINING C HIP 483such a move changes the way a defendant plays their hand. This runsthe risk of an innocent person pleading guilty to something they didnot do—to fold their hand in the face of impossible stakes, guarantee-ing a wrongful conviction.The California Innocence Project handled Marilyn Mulero andReggie Cole’s cases where the prosecution used the “Big Stack Bully”tactic.7 Marilyn Mulero felt coerced into signing a prepared confes-sion admitting to a murder she did not commit, which ultimately led tothe imposition of the death sentence.8 Similarly, Reggie Cole, an ex-oneree who was wrongfully imprisoned, was subsequently accused ofa prison murder while acting in self-defense, and confronted with thedeath penalty.9 These defendants were forced to make an unlikelycombination of moves to overturn their convictions and avoid a deathsentence.10 Fortunately, both Marilyn Mulero and Reggie Cole’s win-ning pocket aces held up, and they were rightfully exonerated.11 Alltoo often, however, others in similar situations do not beat the odds.7. Freed Clients, C AL. I NNOCENCE P ROJECT, https://californiainnocenceproject.org/freed-clients/ (last visited Feb. 26, 2023). See also Marilyn Mulero, C AL. INNO-CENCE PROJECT, https://californiainnocenceproject.org/read-their-stories/marilyn-mulero/ (last visited Feb. 26, 2023) [hereinafter Marilyn Mulero] (explaining Mari-lyn Mulero’s journey to exoneration); Reggie Cole, CAL. INNOCENCE PROJECT, https://californiainnocenceproject.org/read-their-stories/reggie-cole/ (last visited Feb. 26,2023) [hereinafter Reggie Cole] (explaining Reggie Cole’s journey to exoneration).8. Former Ill. Death-Row Prisoner Marilyn Mulero, Framed by DisgracedChicago Detective, Exonerated After 29 Years, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR . (Aug.11, 2022), https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/former-illinois-death-row-prisoner-marilyn-mulero-framed-by-disgraced-chicago-detective-exonerated-after-29-years/[hereinafter Former Ill. Death-Row Prisoner].9. Reggie Cole, supra note 7.10. Michael S. Perry & Maurice Possley, Reggie Cole, T HE NAT ’ L REGISTRYE XONERATIONS , https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=3113 (last updated July 19, 2017); Maurice Possley, Marilyn Mulero,T HE NAT’L REGISTRY EXONERATIONS, https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=6378 (last updated Aug. 22, 2022).11. Perry & Possley, supra note 10; Possley, supra note 11.3Salinas: The Use of the Death Penalty as a Bargaining Chip in Innocence CaPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023484 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53II. M ARILYN M ULERO: THE P LAYER FORCEDINTO AN “A LL-IN ” S ITUATIONOn May 12, 1992, two members of the Latin Kings Street Gangwere fatally shot in Humboldt Park on Chicago’s northwest side.12The next day, Chicago police officers arrested Marilyn Mulero andJackie Montanez.13 The police took them to the station to be inter-viewed separately.14 After the police denied legal representation, bothwomen were each subjected to over nine hours of questioning.15Throughout her interrogation, Marilyn denied any involvement inthe crime.16 However, it was not long before the detectives broughtout their “bargaining chips” and told her she had two options: (1) con-fess to one of the murders; or (2) be prosecuted for both and die bylethal injection.17 Police began “bluffing” by telling Marilyn that Jack-ie already confessed, implicating her in both murders.18 They toldMarilyn she would never see her children again unless she con-fessed.19 The prosecution implied the death penalty was merely aplaceholder and they would never actually pursue capital punishmentin a case where Latinos shot each other.20 Without having many bar-gaining chips of her own, Marilyn was forced to go “all-in.” Shesigned a prepared statement by the prosecution, implicating herself inboth murders.21Without conducting any basic investigation into Marilyn’s case,her attorney entered a blind plea of guilty on her behalf, which ex-posed her to the risk of a death sentence.22 Soon after, based on thejury’s recommendation, Marilyn became the first woman to be sen-tenced to death in Illinois.2312. Possley, supra note 10.13. Id.14. Marilyn Mulero, supra note 8.15. Id.16. Possley, supra note 10.17. Id.18. Id.19. Id.20. Id.21. Marilyn Mulero, supra note 8.22. Possley, supra note 10.23. Id.4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 7https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/72023] DEATH P ENALTY AS A BARGAINING C HIP 485Justin Brooks, founder of the California Innocence Project, trav-eled to Illinois and met with Marilyn in prison, where she adamantlymaintained her innocence.24 While Justin could not be sure whethershe was truly innocent of these murders, he was stunned at the realitythat a defendant could be sentenced to death without a trial.25 As a re-sult, he began litigating the case as a due process issue.26 In May of1997, the Illinois Supreme Court ordered a new sentencing hearingafter vacating Ma [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/7/ ) [222] => Array ( [objectID] => 23651 [title] => From Advocacy To Abolition: How The Universal Periodic Review Can Shape The Trajectory Of The Abolition Of The Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-advocacy-to-abolition-how-the-universal-periodic-review-can-shape-the-trajectory-of-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023. This article assesses whether there is evidence to suggest that the UPR can influence the timing of a country’s decision to abolish the death penalty. The evidence arises out of the examination of thirty case studies of countries that abolished the death penalty, or ratifiedthe leading treaty calling for abolition. This article concludes that in some circumstances the UPR does appear to influence that timing. These conclusions can assist civil society organizations as they refine their advocacy to encourage more countries to abolish the death penalty.Part I of this article offers an introduction to the global abolitionist movement and two of its advocacy targets: the U.N. Human Rights Council and the UPR. Part II makes the case for focusing on the UPR to assess the efficacy of U.N. advocacy. Part III describes the process of abolition and offers several theories as to how the UPR might influence a country’s trajectory toward abolition. Part IV sets out the study’s methodology and encompasses the analysis of the case studies, focusing first on countries that have abolished the death penalty early in a UPR cycle, then on countries that have abolished at mid-cycle, and finally on countries that have abolished during the tail end of the cycle. The conclusion discusses the implications of these findings for civil society organizations working toward abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => 415FROM ADVOCACY TO ABOLITION: HOW THE UNIVERSALPERIODIC REVIEW CAN SHAPE THE TRAJECTORY OF THEABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYAMY B ERGQUIST*TABLE OF C ONTENTSI. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE G LOBAL ABOLITIONISTM OVEMENT, THE HUMAN R IGHTS C OUNCIL, AND THE UPR .... 417A. The Global Abolitionist Movement ................................... 417B. The Human Rights Council and the UPR ......................... 419II. THE M ERITS OF FOCUSING ON THE UPR................................... 425III. THE P ROCESS OF ABOLITION AND THEORIES ABOUT HOWTHE UPR M AY INFLUENCE THE P ROCESS ................................. 427IV. ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 430A. Methodology ..................................................................... 430B. Abolishing Early in the UPR Cycle .................................. 4311. Uzbekistan uses the first-cycle UPR to take abolitionto the center stage ........................................................ 4342. Bolivia uses the first-cycle UPR to reinforce itscommitment to abolition .............................................. 4353. Benin, the Gambia, Suriname, Togo, and Zambiatake swift action to honor their commitments fromprevious UPR cycles before taking the stage again. ... 4364. El Salvador downplays OP2 ratification in thesecond cycle ................................................................. 4425. Chile, France, Nicaragua, the Philippines, andUkraine downplay OP2 ratification in the first-cycleUPR ............................................................................. 443C. Abolition During the Period Between the InteractiveDialogue and Adoption of the Outcome............................ 4461. Uzbekistan, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Fijileverage the UPR to build momentum for abolition .... 4481Bergquist: From Advocacy to Abolition: How the Universal Periodic Review CanPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023416 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 532. Papua New Guinea declines its win, asserting its“sovereignty”? ............................................................ 452D. Abolishing The Death Penalty After the Adoptionof the UPR Outcome ......................................................... 4551. The UPR places OP2 on Argentina’s agenda. ............ 4572. The UPR gives Armenia, Benin, Burundi, andLatvia some momentum to complete the processof abolition................................................................... 4583. Sierra Leone uses the UPR to spotlight progressand build momentum toward abolition........................ 4614. Mongolia’s President uses UPR momentum topress parliament on OP2 ............................................. 4635. The UPR provides Kyrgyzstan with a friendlynudge to finalize the ratification process .................... 4656. Chad, Guinea, Nauru, and São Tomé and Príncipegive no strong indications that the UPR influencedthe timing of their decisions to abolish or ratify ......... 466C ONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 470On January 30, 2023, a government delegation from Zambia ap-peared in Geneva, Switzerland, sitting at the front of the HumanRights and Alliance of Civilizations Room at the Palais des Nations,1headed by the country’s Minister of Justice, Mr. Mulambo Haimbe.2This day marked Zambia’s fourth appearance before the United Na-tions’ Human Rights Council for its Universal Periodic Review(UPR).3 What distinguished this appearance from the others was thefirst topic Mr. Haimbe addressed in his introductory remarks: thecountry’s full implementation of recommendations from the previousUPR to abolish the death penalty. Less than one month prior, Mr.* Associate Program Director, International Justice Program, The Advocatesfor Human Rights, and Vice President, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.1. United Nations, Creative Cmty. Outreach Initiative, Human Rights Council,https://www.un.org/en/ccoi/human-rights-council (last visited Apr. 1, 2023).2. Hum. Rts. Council, Draft Rep. of the Working Group on the Universal Pe-riodic Review: Zambia, ¶ 1, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/42/L.11 (Feb. 1, 2023) [here-inafter Draft Rep. of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Zam-bia].3. U.N. Hum. Rts. Council, Universal Periodic Review - Zambia, https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/upr/zm-index (last visited Feb. 3, 2023).2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 6https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/62023] FROM ADVOCACY TO ABOLITION 417Haimbe observed, Zambia’s President had signed into law a bill abol-ishing the death penalty.4Was the timing a mere coincidence? Or, did the UPR somehowaccelerate Zambia’s abolition process?This article assesses whether there is evidence to suggest that theUPR can influence the timing of a country’s decision to abolish thedeath penalty. The evidence arises out of the examination of thirtycase studies of countries that abolished the death penalty, or ratifiedthe leading treaty calling for abolition. This article concludes that insome circumstances the UPR does appear to influence that timing.These conclusions can assist civil society organizations as they refinetheir advocacy to encourage more countries to abolish the death penal-ty.Part I of this article offers an introduction to the global abolitionistmovement and two of its advocacy targets: the U.N. Human RightsCouncil and the UPR. Part II makes the case for focusing on the UPRto assess the efficacy of U.N. advocacy. Part III describes the processof abolition and offers several theories as to how the UPR might influ-ence a country’s trajectory toward abolition. Part IV sets out thestudy’s methodology and encompasses the analysis of the case studies,focusing first on countries that have abolished the death penalty earlyin a UPR cycle, then on countries that have abolished at mid-cycle,and finally on countries that have abolished during the tail end of thecycle. The conclusion discusses the implications of these findings forcivil society organizations working toward abolition of the death pen-alty.I. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE G LOBAL ABOLITIONIST M OVEMENT,THE HUMAN R IGHTS C OUNCIL, AND THE UPRA. The Global Abolitionist MovementIn 2002, civil society organizations came together to create theWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty, a global coalition to ad-vocate for abolition of the death penalty in every country of the4. Bronwyn Dudley, Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the DeathPenalty, W ORLD COAL. A GAINST D EATH P ENALTY (Jan. 6, 2023), https://worldcoalition.org/2023/01/06/zambia-abolishes-the-death-penalty/.3Bergquist: From Advocacy to Abolition: How the Universal Periodic Review CanPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023418 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53world.5 Since then, 36 countries have abolished the death penalty forall crimes or for “ordinary crimes” (excluding military offenses),6 andthe Coalition’s membership has expanded to 170 organizations7 in 56countries.8The abolitionist movement deploys a variety of advocacy strate-gies to achieve abolition, including, for example, workshops withlawmakers,9 litigation,10 film festivals,11 and restrictions on exports ofgoods that might be used in executions.12 Advocacy with U.N. humanrights mechanisms is a common strategy, enabling civil society organ-izations to lobby U.N. experts and diplomats to press governments toabolish the death penalty.13The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) has served onthe Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty for more than a decade. In that capacity, it provides assistance5. Presentation & History, W ORLD COAL. A GAINST D EATH P ENALTY,https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/presentation-history/ (last visited Apr. 1, 2023).6. Countries That Have Abolished the Death Penalty Since 1976, D EATHPENALTY INFO. CTR., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/international/countries-that-have-abolished-the-death-penalty-since-1976 (last visited Apr. 1, 2023).7. Member Organizations, W ORLD COAL. A GAINST D EATH P ENALTY,https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/member-organizations/ (last visited Apr. 1,2023).8. E-mail from Méline Szwarcberg, Women & Gender Project Manager,World Coal. Against the Death Penalty, to Amy Bergquist, Assoc. Program Dir.,Int’l Just. Program, Advocates for Hum. Rts. (Feb. 3, 2023, 05:44 CST) (on file withauthor).9. PGA Members Attended a Workshop on the Abolition of the Death Penaltyin Africa in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), P ARLIAMENTARIANS FOR G LOB . ACTION(Dec. 28, 2016), https://www.pgaction.org/news/workshop-adp-ouagadougou.html.10. State v. Makwanyane (CCT3/94), judgment, 391 (June 6, 1995) (decisionof the Constitutional Court of the Republic of South Africa striking down the deathpenalty as inconsistent with section 33(1) of the Constitution).11. Maria Wilkinson, “The State of Texas vs. Melissa” to Show in Taiwan’sMurder by Numbers Film Festival, N EWS LENS (Oct. 6, 2022), https://international.thenewslens.com/article/174391.12. Regulation (EU) 2019/125 of the European Parliament and of the Councilconcerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (codification), PE/59/2018/REV/1 (Jan. 16, 2019), http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/125/oj.13. See, e.g., High Hopes for Substantial Progress on the Death Penalty Tem-pered by Mild Rhetoric, T HE ADVOCATES FOR H UM . RTS. (Mar. 18, 2021),https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/News/A/Index?id=16.4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 6https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/62023] FROM ADVOCACY TO ABOLITION 419to the Coalition and its members when a U.N. human rights mecha-nism is preparing to review the human rights record of a country thatretains the death penalty. Since 20 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/recent_additions.html ) [223] => Array ( [objectID] => 23647 [title] => Migratory dependency and the death penalty: Foreign nationals facing capital punishment in the Gulf [timestamp] => 1706572800 [date] => 30/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/migratory-dependency-and-the-death-penalty-foreign-nationals-facing-capital-punishment-in-the-gulf/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on July 2, 2023This article focuses on the cases of 664 foreign nationals, the majority of whom are migrant workers, under sentence of death across the Gulf states (including Jordan and Lebanon) between 2016 and 2021. The features of these cases suggest that they are inextricably linked to migrant workers’ dependency under the kafala system, with examples of migrants duped into smuggling drugs across the border by their migrant broker, and once in country, accounts of violent altercations due to disputes about exit visas, and in the case of migrant domestic workers, self-defence against sexual violence. Engaging with the burgeoning literature on immigration, exploitation and criminalisation, as well as scholarship on capital punishment, this article will explore the multiple and unique layers of dependency fostered by the kafala system that place migrant workers at higher risk of the death penalty in these Gulf jurisdictions. [texte] => Migratory dependency andthe death penalty: Foreignnationals facing capitalpunishment in the GulfLucy Harry, Carolyn Hoyle ,and Jocelyn HuttonDeath Penalty Research Unit, Centre for Criminology, Universityof Oxford, Oxford, UKAbstractThis article focuses on the cases of 664 foreign nationals, the majority of whom aremigrant workers, under sentence of death across the Gulf states (including Jordanand Lebanon) between 2016 and 2021. The features of these cases suggest that theyare inextricably linked to migrant workers’ dependency under the kafala system, withexamples of migrants duped into smuggling drugs across the border by their migrantbroker, and once in country, accounts of violent altercations due to disputes aboutexit visas, and in the case of migrant domestic workers, self-defence against sexual vio-lence. Engaging with the burgeoning literature on immigration, exploitation and crimin-alisation, as well as scholarship on capital punishment, this article will explore themultiple and unique layers of dependency fostered by the kafala system that placemigrant workers at higher risk of the death penalty in these Gulf jurisdictions.Keywordsdeath penaty, Foreign Nationals, Violent Crime, Migrant workers, precarityIntroductionAs the structure of global society has shifted in late modernity, so too has the nature ofpenal power. Citizenship has become ever more salient as ‘states around the world haveCorresponding author:Carolyn Hoyle, Death Penalty Research Unit, Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.Email: carolyn.hoyle@crim.ox.ac.ukArticlePunishment & Society2024, Vol. 26(1) 109–127© The Author(s) 2023Article reuse guidelines:sagepub.com/journals-permissionsDOI: 10.1177/14624745231186001journals.sagepub.com/home/punput the criminal justice system to work in managing mass mobility’ (Bosworth,2017:373). Low-paid and ‘unskilled’ migrant workers from developing countries arean especially vulnerable category of migrant, who enjoy few protections from boththeir host and sending states, particularly when caught up in alien criminal justicesystems facing serious charges that carry a death sentence (Hoyle, 2019).Scholars of border criminology, Pickering, Bosworth and Franko Aas (2014:389)write about the ‘complex set of conditions of precariousness to which migrants, livingin the shadow of the law, are exposed in their everyday realities. The precariousnessincludes not only the physical dangers of the journey but also social marginality uponarrival, economic hardship and exploitation, as well as intrusive policing, surveillanceand the threats of deportation and detention’. In this article, we elaborate upon the ‘con-ditions of precariousness’, utilising the case study of migrant workers in the Gulf states, tomake the case that the multiple sources of dependency engendered by the kafala system,work to put migrant workers at a heightened risk of capital punishment.We draw upon data from our ‘mapping’ project which has recorded the prevalence andexperiences of foreign nationals sentenced to death and executed in the Middle East andAsia from 2016 to 2021, and in particular on the 664 cases of death sentences – predom-inantly for homicide and drug offences – in the Gulf region. 1 We include Bahrain, Jordan,Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE due to their high numbers of migrantworkers and use of the kafala system. While much of the existing literature on immigra-tion, exploitation and criminalisation has focused on Europe; here, we explore an under-theorised region in the global south.We take as our starting point Amrita Pande’s (2013) argument that kafala creates‘illegal workers’ through multiple levels of dependency: first, while still in the homecountry, there is a dependency on the recruitment agencies who secure work placementsin the Gulf and arrange the migrant’s passage, creating scope for debt, exploitation andtrafficking; second, whilst in the country, the migrant’s economic and legal dependencyon their sponsor facilitates extreme and regular abuse; and third, because of the tied-visa,a migrant’s only choice for escaping an exploitative or abusive situation is to go ‘free-lance’ and thus become ‘illegal’ which creates a population of even more readily exploit-able workers at constant threat of deportation. In this article, we explore these categoriesand argue that not only do they create a category of ‘illegal workers’ but they create asituation which can facilitate the commission of illegal acts. Moreover, we examine anextra layer of dependency and precarity and look at the role of the sending states inthe kafala system. Once a migrant worker has been arrested for a capital crime, wefind examples of embassies reluctant to intervene, either due to the reliance on remit-tances, and a fear of compromising their economic relationship with the Gulf state, orbecause they relinquish responsibility for migrants’ criminal acts, notwithstanding theirrole in creating the structures through which exploitation and illegality occur.Immigration, exploitation and criminalisationA burgeoning literature has begun to chart the relationship between immigration status,labour exploitation and, ultimately, criminalisation and punishment. Most have focused110 Punishment & Society 26(1)on the European context, with scholars noting that ‘the illegalization and the hyper-criminalization of immigrants work symbiotically towards the reproduction of a vulner-able labor force, suitable for the most exploitable sectors of the post-Fordist economy’(De Giorgi, 2010:153). Some view this process in a wider historical context, lookingat the historical intertwinement of economic development and migration in Europefrom the seventeenth century (Melossi, 2013). Others explore the contradictory role ofthe state, which on the one hand criminalises those who exploit migrant workers but,on the other hand, creates immigration controls that increase migrants’ illegality and sus-ceptibility to exploitation through ‘the construction of institutionalised uncertainty’(Anderson, 2010; Sitkin, 2014). Migrants’ exploitability is intrinsically connected totheir ‘deportability’: ‘[m]igrant “illegality” is lived through a palpable sense of…the pos-sibility of deportation’ which, crucially ‘provides an apparatus for sustaining their vulner-ability and tractability as workers’ (De Genova, 2002:439). Moreover, the criminalisationof exploited migrants is inextricably linked to processes of racialisation: ‘[s]ubject to eco-nomic marginality and its myriad deprivations, assumed to be prone to crime, and alwaysin the spotlight, immigrants’ criminalization is over-determined by a factor of three, withthe common denominator being their racialization’ (Calavita, 2005:145).While here we explore the exploitative nature of the kafala system of migration, itshould be noted that dependency permeates other migratory regimes worldwide.Recent work explores the experiences of Sub-Saharan migrant tomato pickers in theSouth of Italy, who are governed by the ‘caporalato’ labour contracting system, asystem of labour contracting in place for over a century and until the 1970s, used toemploy agricultural workers from neighbouring Italian districts, before switching toSub-Saharan African migrants (Melossi, 2021). The caporalato involves workbrokers finding temporary, seasonal labour for tomato farmers and preys on migrants’economic and migratory vulnerability, by subjecting them to low wages, poor workconditions and taking deductions from their salary in exchange for their brokerage(Melossi, 2021). The tomato pickers are spatially segregated into shantytowns andcriminalised through the 2016 anti-caporalato law and processes of racialisation(Melossi, 2021). An interesting feature is the ‘refugeeization’ of the workforce, withSub-Saharan refugees ‘included in the informal labour market but denied the fullrange of labour and citizens rights’ leaving them susceptible to unfair treatment(Melossi, 2021:498).Other research has focused on internal migratory patterns in India and an exploitedseasonal workforce created by the spatial geopolitics of internal colonialism anduneven regional development (Shah and Lerche, 2020). Those seasonal migrantworkers, marginalised by their low-caste and tribal identities, are ineligible for ‘elemen-tary citizenship rights’ and welfare benefits, and ‘[f]or the authorities, they simply do notexist and are treated as second-class citizens, if citizens at all’ (Shah and Lerche,2020:726). While much of the literature examines ‘illegal’ or ‘irregular’ migration,other work explores the experiences of regular migrants who are victims of labour traf-ficking in Chinese restaurants in the Netherlands. van Meeteren and Wiering (2019)examine the ‘points of vulnerability’ that increase migrants’ susceptibility to labourexploitation, including migration-incurred debt, employer-bounded residence and workHarry et al. 111permits and the threat of deportation – all of which are features of the kafala system towhich we now turn.Kafala – Multiple and unique layers of dependencyDependency is endemic to many migratory regimes around the world (particularly thoseinvolving temporary and tied visas), yet arguably kafala is unique. To understand why, itis helpful to explore its history. Discovery of Gulf oil in the 1970s, plus the relativelysmall indigenous population, transformed the region into rentier states2 leading to asudden increase in the need for migrant labour. Concerns that Arab migrants might holdPan-Arabist political views that could destabilise Gulf regimes (Jamal, 2015), and couldhave a greater moral claim to ‘social rights’ inherent to citizenship (Longva 2000:185),encouraged Gulf states to turn to Asia – specifically South and Southeast Asia – as asource of cheap, easily exploitable and replaceable labour that would present no threat tothe stability and hierarchy of the Arab indigenous population. This generated a rapid expan-sion of migrant labou [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan [1] => Kuwait [2] => Lebanon [3] => Qatar [4] => Saudi Arabia [5] => United Arab Emirates ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14624745231186001 ) [224] => Array ( [objectID] => 23646 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1706140800 [date] => 25/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2023-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on December 01, 2023.Innocence cases dominated much of the media’s attention on death penalty cases in 2023. While these prisoners were largely unsuccessful in the courts, there was unprecedented support for their claims from state legislators, prosecutors, judges, and other elected officials, some of whom declared themselves newly disillusioned with use of the death penalty in their state. This year is the 9th consecutive year with fewer than 30 people executed (24) and fewer than 50 people sentenced to death (21, as of December 1). The 23 men and one woman who were executed in 2023 were the oldest average age (tied with 2021) and spent the longest average number of years in prison in the modern death penalty era before being executed. As in previous years, most prisoners had significant physical and mental health issues at the time of their executions, some of which can be attributed to the many years they spent in severe isolation on death row. Continued difficulties obtaining lethal injection drugs led some states to explore new, untested methods of execution or revive previously abandoned methods. Other states enacted or continued pauses on executions while the state’s method of execution was studied. [texte] => The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportOnly Five States Conducted Executions and Seven StatesImposed New Death Sentences in 2023, the LowestNumber of States in 20 YearsFLORIDA’S SIX EXECUTIONS AND FIVE NEW DEATH SENTENCES RESPONSIBLE FOR 2023 INCREASEFOR THE FIRST TIME, MORE AMERICANS BELIEVE THE DEATH PENALTY IS ADMINISTERED UNFAIRLY THAN FAIRLYFederal GovernmentPause on Executions by Executive ActionExecutions in Last 10 YearsNo Executions in 10 YearsNo Death Penalty0204060801002023202020172014201120082005200219991996199319901987198419811977Peak: 98 in 199924 in 2023050100150200250300350202320202017201420112008200520021999199619931990198719841981197819751973Peak: 315 in 199621 in 2023Death Penalty Status by JurisdictionDeath Sentences by Year Executions by YearThe Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center2E xEcutivE S ummary◆ For the first time, a Gallup poll reports that more Americans (50%) believe the death penalty isadministered unfairly than fairly (47%).◆ Only 5 states (Texas, Florida, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Alabama) executed people this year,and only 7 states (Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas)sentenced people to death. For the first time, the number of executions exceeded the number ofnew death sentences.◆ The majority of states (29) have now either abolished the death penalty or paused executions byexecutive action.◆ 2023 is the 9 th consecutive year with fewer than 30 people executed (24) and fewer than 50people sentenced to death (21).◆ Three exonerations this year bring the total to 195 in the modern death penalty era.◆ High profile innocence cases in several states received intense media attention but found no reliefin the courts, raising questions about the adequacy of state procedures and the ability of the legalsystem to protect innocent people.◆ The United States Supreme Court overwhelmingly rejected petitions from death-sentenced prison-ers over the increasingly alarmed dissents of Justices Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor.◆ Prisoners who were executed spent an average of 23 years in prison, the longest average timesince executions resumed in 1976, and were an average age of 54 years old at the time of theirexecution, the oldest average age since executions resumed in 1976 (tied with 2021).◆ The Biden Administration’s Department of Justice secured its first death sentence for RobertBowers, convicted of killing eleven people in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Tree of Life Synagogue.introductionInnocence cases dominated much of the media’s attention on death penalty cases in 2023. Whilethese prisoners were largely unsuccessful in the courts, there was unprecedented support for theirclaims from state legislators, prosecutors, judges, and other elected officials, some of whom declaredthemselves newly disillusioned with use of the death penalty in their state. This year is the 9th consecu-tive year with fewer than 30 people executed (24) and fewer than 50 people sentenced to death (21,The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center3as of December 1). The 23 men and one woman who were executed in2023 were the oldest average age (tied with 2021) and spent the longestaverage number of years in prison in the modern death penalty era beforebeing executed. As in previous years, most prisoners had significant phys-ical and mental health issues at the time of their executions, some of whichcan be attributed to the many years they spent in severe isolation on deathrow. Continued difficulties obtaining lethal injection drugs led some statesto explore new, untested methods of execution or revive previously aban-doned methods. Other states enacted or continued pauses on executionswhile the state’s method of execution was studied.Before 1972, state officials generally used the death penalty withoutfear of federal court review. That changed with Furman v. Georgia, whenthe Supreme Court invalidated all death penalty statutes, citing seriousconstitutional concerns with the arbitrariness and racial discrimination inmany state processes and death sentences. After the Court approved thereinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, the Court assumed a moreactive role in regulating states’ use of the death penalty. In what JusticeBlackmun later called “tinkering with the machinery of death,” the Courtspent decades scrutinizing state laws and procedures, interpreting arcanestatutory provisions, clarifying constitutional safeguards, reviewing chal-lenges to methods of execution, and deciding cases that narrowed the ap-plication of the death penalty. The Court also intervened in extraordinarycases to grant stays of execution and resisted state efforts to expand useof the death penalty.Now, more than 50 years after Furman was decided, the majorityof the Court appears unwilling to continue in this role. The Supreme Courtgranted only one stay of execution, reflecting the view of some membersof the Court that prisoners bring “last-minute claims that will delay the ex-ecution, no matter how groundless.” The Court granted certiorari in only four death penalty cases, allof which pertained to procedural issues, and turned away the overwhelming majority of petitions filedby death-sentenced prisoners. Some state officials and legislatures may once again feel unrestrainedDeath Row by State†State 2023 2022California 665 692Florida 313 330Texas 192 199Alabama 167 170North Carolina 140 139Ohio 129 135Pennsylvania 123 129Arizona 114 117Louisiana 63 62Nevada 62 65Tennessee 47 47U.S. Fed. Gov’t 44 44Georgia 41 42Oklahoma 40 44Mississippi 36 37South Carolina 36 37Arkansas 28 30Kentucky 26 27Missouri 18 20Nebraska 11 12Kansas 9 9Idaho 8 8Indiana 8 8Utah 7 7U.S. Military 4 4Montana 2 2New Hampshire ^ 1 1South Dakota 1 1Oregon 0 22Wyoming 0 0Total ‡ 2,331 2,436† Data from NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund forJanuary 1 of the year shown^ New Hampshire prospectively abolished the death penaltyMay 30, 2019‡ Persons with death sentences in mul ti ple states are onlyinclud ed onceThe Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center4by the risk of judicial oversight or correction; Florida directly flouted Supreme Court precedent withnew legislation making a non-homicide crime a death-eligible offense, while states like Alabamaannounced plans to use nitrogen gas in an untested, risky method of execution.But the pivot away from the Supreme Court does not mean there is (or will be) increased use ofthe death penalty. For the first time, more Americans now believe that the death penalty is administeredunfairly than fairly. The data show that the death penalty is increasingly disfavored, and the continued,years-long decline in its use has little to do with the Supreme Court. It is, instead, the result of society’sgreater understanding about the fallibility of our legal system and its inability to protect innocent peo-ple from execution, the vulnerabilities of the people who are sentenced to death, and a recognition thatthe significant resources and time necessary to use the death penalty do not deliver enough of a returnon the public’s investment in terms of safety or deterrence. These lessons are reflected in changingpublic opinion polls, jury verdicts, state legislative and executive decisions, and charging decisions, asthis 2023 Year End Report details below.P ublic oPinionMore Americans Believe theDeath Penalty is AppliedUnfairlyThe Gallup Crime Survey hasasked for opinions about the fair-ness of death penalty applicationin the United States since 2000.For the first time, the October 2023survey reports that more Americansbelieve the death penalty is ap-plied unfairly (50%) than fairly(47%). Between 2000 and 2015,51%—61% of Americans said they thought capital punishment was applied fairly in the U.S., but thisnumber has been dropping since 2016. This year’s 47% represents a historic low in Gallup’s polling.Gallup. (Nov. 6, 2023). New 47% Low Say Death Penalty Is Fairly Applied in U.S.The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center5Overall support for capitalpunishment remains at a five-de-cade low in the United States. In2023, the Gallup survey foundthat 53% of Americans favor thedeath penalty, the lowest num-ber since March 1972, althoughnot a statistically significantchange from the 54% and 55%level of support recorded overthe previous three years. Results from 2019 indicate that support for the death penalty drops even low-er (36%) when respondents are given the option of life without parole. When Gallup first asked aboutthe death penalty in 1936, 59% of Americans supported the death penalty for convicted murderers.Public support for the death penalty peaked in 1994, with 80% of Americans in favor, but has steadilydeclined since that year.Gallup also asked respondents whether they believe the death penalty is imposed too often,about the right amount, or not enough. 39% of respondents said that capital punishment is not used of-ten enough, while 56% of respondents believe it is either imposed too often or about the right amount.There are also partisan differences. 62% of Republicans think that the death penalty is not imposedoften enough, while 25% say it is imposed about the right amount. 52% of Democrats think that thedeath penalty is imposed too often, while 24% think it is used about the right amount. There is a greaterdivide among Independents, as 37% think that it is not used enough, 32% think it is used about the rightamount, and 26% think it is used too often.Gallup’s Moral Issues Survey was administered in May 2023 against the backdrop of the Tree ofLife Synagogue trial in Pittsburgh. Gallup reported a slight (5%) increase in the number of respondentswho believe that capital punishment is morally acceptable, with 60% of individuals responding in theaffirmative. The results of this survey have varied over the past two decades, reaching a high of 71% in2006. Gallup reports that 82% of Republ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2023-year-end-report ) [225] => Array ( [objectID] => 23644 [title] => The Illusion of Heightened Standards in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1706140800 [date] => 25/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-illusion-of-heightened-standards-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on April 3, 2023.The death penalty has gained its legitimacy from the belief that capital prosecutions are more procedurally rigorous than noncapi-tal prosecutions. This Article reveals how a project of heightened capital standards, set in motion when the Supreme Court ended and then revived the death penalty, was set up to fail. In establishing what a constitutional death penalty would look like, the Court in 1976 called for heightened standards of reliability in capital cases. In the late 1970s and early 80s, the Supreme Court laid out specific constitutional procedures that must be applied in capital cases, and left the door open for the Eighth Amendment to do even more. In the decades that followed, state and federal courts have fueled a perception of heightened procedural rigor in capital cases by referring repeatedly to the heightened standards applica-ble in capital cases. [texte] => 101THE ILLUSION OF HEIGHTENEDSTANDARDS IN CAPITAL CASESAnna VanCleave*The death penalty has gained its legitimacy from the belief that capitalprosecutions are more procedurally rigorous than noncapital prosecutions.This Article reveals how a project of heightened capital standards, set inmotion when the Supreme Court ended and then revived the death penalty,was set up to fail.In establishing what a constitutional death penalty would look like,the Court in 1976 called for heightened standards of reliability in capitalcases. In the late 1970s and early 80s, the Supreme Court laid out specificconstitutional procedures that must be applied in capital cases, and left thedoor open for the Eighth Amendment to do even more. In the decades thatfollowed, state and federal courts have fueled a perception of heightenedprocedural rigor in capital cases by referring repeatedly to the heightenedstandards applicable in capital cases.However, a review of courts’ application of a standard of “heightenedreliability” reveals that (1) courts routinely use the language of “height-ened” standards while simultaneously applying exactly the same constitu-tional tests that are used in noncapital cases and demonstrating no seriouseffort to tie procedural rigor to the severity of punishment; and (2) evenmore problematic, some courts have shown a willingness to use the“heightened reliability” language to justify a lesser procedural protectionfor capital defendants than that applied to noncapital cases—a perverseapplication of what was clearly intended to be an added measure of assur-ance that the death penalty is reserved only for those who are truly guiltyand who are the most culpable.This decades-long failure to observe meaningfully heightened consti-tutional standards calls into question the death penalty’s institutional legit-imacy and raises particular concerns in light of current Supreme Courttrends..* Associate Professor and Director of the Criminal Defense Clinic, University of Connecticut School ofLaw. My thanks go out to Bethany Berger, Steve Bright, Sanjay Chhablani, Brad Colbert, Todd Fernow, Cathe-rine Hancock, Alexandra Harrington, Katie Kronic, Vida Johnson, Leslie Levin, Kathryn Miller, Josh Perry,Judith Resnik, and Carol Steiker; and members of the NYU Clinical Writers Workshop and the Criminal Lawand Procedure discussion group at the 2019 Southeast Association of Law Schools annual conference. I owespecial thanks to Shiv Rawal and Hannah Lauer for their incredible research assistance, and to the wonderfuleditorial team at the University of Illinois Law Review, including Alex Bailey, Bryce Davis, Sarah Storti, JoeSelf, Dylan Burke, and Blythe Cardenas. All mistakes are, of course, my own.Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4407554I. INTRODUCTIONLast year marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Court’s decisionto end the death penalty, at least in the form it took across the country in 1972.1A half century after its demise and forty-seven years after its modern revival, theinstitution of capital punishment is in a strange place. On one hand, public sup-port for the death penalty is in steep decline,2 and state-by-state abolition movesforward.3 On the other hand, the federal government lifted a moratorium on ex-ecutions and pushed forward a record number of executions in 2020 and 2021.4Although the public has increasing concerns that death penalty procedures arenot adequate to prevent wrongful executions,5 the Supreme Court’s recentspeedy disposition of capital cases with execution dates suggests far more confi-dence in the judicial proceedings that came before.61. See Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 239–40 (1972).2. DEATH PENALTY INFO. CTR., THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2021: YEAR-END REPORT 35–38 (2022),https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2021.pdf [https://perma.cc/2BSL-SJSY] (hereinaf-ter DPIC YEAR-END REPORT). The latest Gallup poll shows support for the death penalty is at its lowest point inhalf a century. Id.3. In 2021, Virginia became the twenty-third state to abolish the death penalty (along with Alaska, Col-orado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia,Washington, Wisconsin), and three other states have moratoria (California, Oregon, and Pennsylvania), markingthe first time in history that a majority of states have effectively ended the death penalty. Id. at 1–2; DEATHPENALTY INFO. CTR., EXECUTIONS OVERVIEW: STATES WITH NO RECENT EXECUTIONS, https://deathpenal-tyinfo.org/executions/executions-overview/states-with-no-recent-executions [https://perma.cc/T5DW-45CN](hereinafter DPIC EXECUTIONS OVERVIEW). Fourteen states (California, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Lou-isiana, Montana, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, Wyoming,) have notcarried out executions in the last ten years. See DPIC EXECUTIONS OVERVIEW.4. See, e.g., DEATH PENALTY INFO. CTR., FEDERAL EXECUTION UPDATES, https://deathpenal-tyinfo.org/stories/federal-execution-updates [https://perma.cc/RK55-5ZS3] (hereinafter DPIC FEDERALEXECUTION UPDATES).5. See DPIC YEAR-END REPORT, supra note 2, at 36. In the latest death penalty survey by the Pew Re-search Center, seventy-eight percent of respondents said that “[t]here is some risk that an innocent person will beput to death,” and twenty-one percent responded “[t]here are adequate safeguards to ensure that no innocentperson will be put to death.” Id.6. The Supreme Court’s refusal to intervene in the midst of rushed litigation in late-stage capital caseshas been the subject of much criticism. See, e.g., Ngozi Ndulue, Symposium: The Shadow Docket Is Shaping theFuture of Death Penalty Litigation, SCOTUSBLOG (Oct. 26, 2020 10:42 AM), at https://www.scotusblog.com/2020/10/symposium-the-shadow-docket-is-shaping-the-future-of-death-penalty-litigation/ [https://perma.cc/3HWU-MZGH] (“The Supreme Court’s rulings on federal executions show the power and the danger of itsshadow docket. The injunctions issued the week of the executions involved important issues of constitutionallaw, statutory interpretation and administrative law.”). A minority of Supreme Court justices have, in recentyears, decried the Court’s refusal to stay executions even as legitimate and complex legal questions remain un-resolved. See, e.g., Barr v. Purkey, 140 S.Ct. 2594, 2595 (2020) (Breyer, J., dissenting); see id. at 2597 (So-tomayor, J., dissenting); United States v. Higgs, 141 S.Ct. 645, 648 (2021) (Sotomayor, J., dissenting); see id. at645 (Breyer, J., dissenting). In his dissent in Higgs, Justice Breyer laid out a litany of legal questions still unre-solved in the case and wrote: “None of these legal questions is frivolous. What are courts to do when faced withElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4407554When former Attorney General William Barr announced that federal exe-cutions would resume in 2020, he and others in the federal government empha-sized the degree to which those prioritized for execution7 had had been affordeda procedurally rigorous judicial process.8 In a series of briefs opposing late-stagestays and appellate review in these cases, the federal government repeatedly por-trayed the legal processes as robust, with many layers of review.9 The SupremeCourt permitted every one of the federal government’s thirteen executions to goforward.10The Supreme Court’s confidence in the proceedings in lower courts is notnew. In 2007, Justice Scalia wrote in a concurrence:The dissent’s suggestion that capital defendants are especially liable tosuffer from the lack of 100% perfection in our criminal justice system isimplausible. Capital cases are given especially close scrutiny at every level,which is why in most cases many years elapse before the sentence is exe-cuted. And of course capital cases receive special attention in the applica-tion of executive clemency. Indeed, one of the arguments made by aboli-tionists is that the process of finally completing all the appeals andreexaminations of capital sentences is so lengthy, and thus so expensive forthe State, that the game is not worth the candle.11Over the years, the death penalty has maintained its legitimacy through theidea that the processes that lead to execution are procedurally rigorous and thatlegal questions of this kind? Are they simply to ignore them? Or are they, as in this case, to ‘hurry up, hurry up’?”Id. at 646 (Breyer, J., dissenting).7. For an analysis of the lack of meaningful standards in setting up execution schedules, see generallyLee Kovarsky, The American Execution Queue, 71 STAN. L. REV. 1163 (2019).8. According to then-Attorney General William Barr, “Under Administrations of both parties, the De-partment of Justice has sought the death penalty against the worst criminals, including these five murderers, eachof whom was convicted by a jury of his peers after a full and fair proceeding.” Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Just.,Federal Government to Resume Capital Punishment After Nearly Two Decade Lapse (July 25, 2019), athttps://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-government-resume-capital-punishment-after-nearly-two-decade-lapse[https://perma.cc/F5C5-KQNJ].9. See Response in Opposition to Emergency Application for Stay of Execution at 1–2, Mitchell v. UnitedStates, 140 S. Ct. 2624 (2020) (No. 20A32) (“The district court and the court of appeals accorded him extensivereview on direct appeal, collateral review under 28 U.S.C. 2255, and on his motion for relief from judgmentunder Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(6). This Court has twice denied petitions for writs of certiorari inthose proceedings, and applicant’s certiorari petition (and stay application) in the Rule 60(b) proceeding arepending before this Court (Nos. 20-5398, 20A30); Brief for Respondent at 2–3, U.S. v. Mitchell, 141 S. Ct. 216(2020) (No. 20A30) (“The dis [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4407554 ) [226] => Array ( [objectID] => 23643 [title] => Reducing Facial Stereotype Bias in Consequential Social Judgments: Intervention Success With White Male Faces [timestamp] => 1706140800 [date] => 25/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/reducing-facial-stereotype-bias-in-consequential-social-judgments-intervention-success-with-white-male-faces/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on December 18, 2023. Initial impressions of others based on facial appearances are often inaccurate yet can lead to dire outcomes. Across four studies, adult participants underwent a counterstereotype training to reduce their reliance on facial appearance in consequential social judgments of White male faces. In Studies 1 and 2, trustworthiness and sentencing judgments among control participants predicted whether real-world inmates were sentenced to death versus life in prison, but these relationships were diminished among trained participants. In Study 3, a sequential priming paradigm demonstrated that the training was able to abolish the relationship between even automatically and implicitly perceived trustworthiness and the inmates’ life-or-death sentences. Study 4 extended these results to realistic decision-making, showing that training reduced the impact of facial trustworthiness on sentencing decisions even in the presence of decision-relevant information. Overall, our findings suggest that a counterstereotype intervention can mitigate the potentially harmful effects of relying on facial appearance in consequential social judgments. [texte] => Supplementary MaterialsReducing the reliance on facial stereotypes in consequential social judgments: Intervention success with White male facesYoungki Hong1, Kao-Wei Chua1, & Jonathan B. Freeman11Columbia UniversitySupplemental Methods: Training Paradigm (Studies 1-4)Behavioral descriptions. We used 10 trustworthy and 10 untrustworthy behaviors for training (Supplementary Table 1; Chua & Freeman, 2021, 2022) in all four studies. 30 independent Mechanical Turk raters judged each behavioral description on trustworthiness using a 7-point Likert scale to confirm the sentences’ intended levels of trustworthiness. The agreement between raters was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92). The trustworthy behavioral descriptions were rated as significantly more trustworthy (M = 5.03) than the untrustworthy behavioral descriptions (M = 2.83), t(18) = 19.75, p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 9.31). Both trustworthy and untrustworthy behaviors were similarly balanced and did not significantly differ in their distance from the midpoint of the Likert scale, t(18) = 1.30, p = 0.21, Cohen’s d = 0.61.Supplementary Table 1. Training behaviors and their ratings on trustworthiness. Behavior TypeBehavioral descriptionTrustworthinessTrustworthySurprised their significant other at work with flowers4.77TrustworthyVolunteered at a homeless shelter5.03TrustworthyHelped an elderly person cross a street4.93TrustworthyHelped their friend plan a birthday party for their child4.77TrustworthyVisited a sick friend at the hospital4.73TrustworthyLet a friend stay on their couch who lost their apartment5.03TrustworthyReturned $20 to someone who dropped it5.63TrustworthyPerformed a surgery free for someone who couldn't afford it5.13TrustworthyLet a friend win at cards because they had no money.5.30TrustworthyProtected their little brother from bullies4.98UntrustworthyRigged a lottery to steal from old people2.33UntrustworthySpat in another person's face2.80UntrustworthyThrew a rock at a neighbor's window2.90UntrustworthyScreamed at a scared kindergartener2.87UntrustworthySprayed curse words on someone's fence3.00UntrustworthyAte their friend's leftovers from the refrigerator3.10UntrustworthyTook a bribe to give a student a better grade2.70UntrustworthySkipped a work shift they committed to covering3.03UntrustworthyCheated on their spouse while on a business trip2.67UntrustworthyGot a promotion by lying about coworkers2.85 Supplemental Analysis S1To explore the effects of the training (control = -0.5, training = 0.5) on trustworthiness ratings (Study 1A), attractiveness ratings (Study 1B), sentencing recommendations (Study 2), and implicit trustworthiness evaluations (Study 3) directly, depending on targets’ real-world sentencing outcome (-0.5 = life in prison, 0.5 = death), we used linear mixed-effects models to predict these dependent measures. An additional advantage of these supplemental analyses is that the logistic mixed-effects models that predicted real-world sentencing outcome as the dependent measure in Studies 1-3 were not able to specify random slopes for stimuli due to the one-to-one mapping between the stimulus and the dependent measure. Here we circumvent that problem, allowing maximal specification of the random effects in our design (Barr et al., 2013). Thus, these models allowed for random intercepts and random slopes of the training condition for both participants and stimuli.Study 1A. The main effect of sentencing outcome was significant, b = -.06, SE = .03, z = 2.12, p = .03, 95% CI [-.12, -.00], indicating that inmates who were sentenced to death tended to be rated more untrustworthy than those sentenced to life in prison. The main effect of training was not significant, b = -.23, SE = .16, z = 1.43, p = .15, 95% CI [-.54, .08]. Critically, there was a significant interaction, b = .09, SE = .02, z = 5.85, p < .001, 95% CI [.06, .12]. The control participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death significantly less trustworthy (M = 3.48, SE = .12) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.58, SE = .12), b = .10, SE = .03, z = 3.61, p < .001, 95% CI [.05, .16]. However, the trained participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death (M = 3.31, SE = .11) equally trustworthy as those were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.30, SE = .11), b = .01, SE = .03, z = .47, p = .64, 95% CI [-.04, .07].Study 1B. The main effect of sentencing outcome was not significant, b = -.05, SE = .04, z = 1.25, p = .21, 95% CI [-.12, .03], indicating that inmates with different sentencing outcomes were not rated differently on attractiveness. The main effect of training was significant, b = .50, SE = .15, z = 3.40, p < .001, 95% CI [.21, .79], as participants in the training condition rated inmates higher on attractiveness overall than participants in the control condition did. Critically, the interaction was not significant, b = .01, SE = .02, z = .21, p = .83, 95% CI [-.04, .05]. The control participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death as less attractive (M = 3.07, SE = .11) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.12, SE = .11), although the difference was not significant, b = .05, SE = .04, z = 1.23, p = .22, 95% CI [-.03, .13]. The same pattern of results was found among the trained participants. Trained participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death (M = 3.58, SE = .11) as less attractive than those were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.63, SE = .11), although the difference was not significant, b = .05, SE = .04, z = 1.14, p = .25, 95% CI [-.03, .13].Combining data from Studies 1A and 1B and conducting a three-way interaction analysis revealed that the absence of a significant interaction in attractiveness ratings (Study 1B) significantly differed from the significant interaction observed in trustworthiness ratings (Study 1A). Specifically, we used a logistic mixed effects model to predict ratings based on sentencing outcome (-0.5 = life sentence, 0.5 = death), training condition (control = -0.5, training = 0.5), trait (trustworthiness-Study 1A = -0.5, attractiveness-Study 1B = 0.5), and their interactions. We found a significant three-way interaction involving sentencing outcome, training condition, and trait (b = .09, SE = .02, z = 2.24, p = .02, CI [.05, .13]) indicating that the two-way interaction between sentencing outcome and training condition was highly significant for trustworthiness ratings (Study 1A) (b = .09, SE = .02, z = 5.31, p < .001, 95% CI [.06, .13]), but not for attractiveness ratings (Study 1B) (b = .01, SE = .02, z = .30, p = .77, 95% CI [-.03, .04]). Study 2. The main effect of sentencing outcome was significant, b = .08, SE = .02, z = 3.49, p < .001, 95% CI [.03, .12], indicating that participants tended to recommend harsher sentences for inmates sentenced to death vs. to life in prison. The main effect of training was not significant, b = .04, SE = .10, z = .34, p = .73, 95% CI [-.17, .24]. Critically, there was a significant interaction, b = .06, SE = .02, z = 3.31, p = .001, 95% CI [.02, .10]. Control participants recommended inmates who were sentenced to death to receive significantly harsher sentences (M = 4.63, SE = .06) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 4.50, SE = .06), b = .14, SE = .03, z = 4.41, p < .001, 95% CI [.08, .20]. The trained participants also recommended inmates who were sentenced to death to receive significantly harsher sentences (M = 4.57, SE = .09) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 4.49, SE = .09), b = .08, SE = .02, z = 3.49, p < .001, 95% CI [.03, .12], although the magnitude of difference among the trained participants was smaller than among the control participants.Study 3. The main effect of sentencing outcome was not significant, b = 4.45, SE = 3.28, z = 1.36, p = .17, 95% CI [-1.97, 10.88], indicating that inmates who were sentenced to death elicited implicit trustworthiness evaluations that did not significantly differ from those who were sentenced to life in prison. The main effect of training was not significant, b = 4.57, SE = 6.41, z = .71, p = .48, 95% CI [-8.00, 17.14]. Critically, there was a significant interaction, b = .17.49, SE = 6.76, z = 2.59, p = .01, 95% CI [4.24, 30.73]. Among control participants, inmates who were sentenced to death elicited implicit evaluations that were significantly less trustworthy (M = 3.55 ms, SE = 5.68 ms) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 16.75 ms, SE = 5.67 ms), b = 13.20, SE = 4.72, z = 2.80, p = .005, 95% CI [3.95, 22.44]. However, among trained participants, implicit trustworthiness evaluations did not differ between inmates who were sentenced to death (M = 7.73 ms, SE = 4.43 ms) vs. life in prison (M = 3.44 ms, SE = 4.44 ms), b = -4.29, SE = 4.70, z = .91, p = .36, 95% CI [-13.50, 4.92].Supplemental Analysis S2Study 1A found a significant interaction between trustworthiness ratings and training condition, while Study 1B found a non-significant interaction between attractiveness ratings and training condition. To establish that the two interactions are significantly different from each other, we combined the datasets from the respective studies and used a logistic mixed effects model to predict sentencing outcome (0 = life sentence, 1 = death) based on rating, training condition (control = -0.5, training = 0.5), trait (trustworthiness-Study 1A = -0.5, attractiveness-Study 1B = 0.5), and their interactions. The models allowed for random intercepts for participants and random slopes of rating for participants. The main effect of rating was significant, b = -.04, SE = .01, z = 6.60, p < .001, OR = .97, 95% CI [.96, .98], indicating that faces that were rated lower on trustworthiness or attractiveness were more likely to belong to individuals who were sentenced to death than life in prison. We also found a significant interaction between rating and training condition, b = .03 SE = .01, z = 2.93, p = .003, OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09567976231215238?journalCode=pssa ) [227] => Array ( [objectID] => 23641 [title] => New Research Finds That Historical News Coverage Reduced Executed Black Men to “Faceless, Interchangeable Public Safety Hazards” While Executed White Men Were Portrayed As “Tragic Heroes” [timestamp] => 1706054400 [date] => 24/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-research-finds-that-historical-news-coverage-reduced-executed-black-men-to-faceless-interchangeable-public-safety-hazards-while-executed-white-men-were-portrayed-as/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on December 12, 2023.In a recently published academic article, Emory University History Professor Daniel LaChance writes about an important and underrecognized distinction in the way newspaper editors and journalists covered the executions of Black and white men in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Professor LaChance argues that the portrayals of the defendants made legal executions “a high-status punishment that respected the whiteness of those who suffered it.” While the length and detail of articles about the executions of Black men shrank dramatically over time, he notes that journalists consistently highlighted the humanity of white men who were executed, making it “easier for those who wanted to project a modern image of the South to distance capital punishment from lynching, a form of violence that was becoming a source of embarrassment for respectable white Southerners.” [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedInHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal InfoNewsNew Research Finds That Historical News Coverage Reduced Executed Black Men to “Faceless, Interchangeable Public Safety Hazards” While Executed White Men Were Portrayed As “Tragic Heroes” Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email Email Posted on Dec 12, 2023 Race Georgia Louisiana State logo for Louisiana with White Pelican, "Union, Justice, Confidence"Homononsapiens, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia CommonsIn a recently published academic article, Emory University History Professor Daniel LaChance writes about an important and underrecognized distinction in the way newspaper editors and journalists covered the executions of Black and white men in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Professor LaChance argues that the portrayals of the defendants made legal executions “a high-status punishment that respected the whiteness of those who suffered it.” While the length and detail of articles about the executions of Black men shrank dramatically over time, he notes that journalists consistently highlighted the humanity of white men who were executed, making it “easier for those who wanted to project a modern image of the South to distance capital punishment from lynching, a form of violence that was becoming a source of embarrassment for respectable white Southerners.”Professor LaChance analyzed 667 newspaper articles that covered the legal executions of white and Black men from 1877 to 1936 in the Atlanta Constitution and the New Orleans (Times-Picayune). He found that in the first three decades of the post-Reconstruction era, from 1877 to 1906, journalists often reported extensively on executions, regardless of the race of the defendant. These accounts often portrayed the men being executed as “sympathetic souls” and “responsible persons whose humanity was recognized, even honored, during the very act of putting them to death.” As early as the mid-1890s, journalists began removing the humanizing elements of stories about Black men who were executed, reducing capital punishment to “a dry, technical procedure.” Professor LaChance’s analysis revealed that the average length of articles about Black male executions decreased 75% from 16 paragraphs to 4 paragraphs. While 74% of journal articles in the late 1880s and early 1890s quoted Black defendants in their execution stories, “the rate at which those men’s voices appeared in execution coverage had fallen nearly 60% to 13%” by the first decade of the twentieth century. Many articles began omitting pictures of these men as well, resulting in “condemned Black men increasingly appear[ing] as faceless, interchangeable public safety hazards the state was neutralizing with little fanfare.”By contrast, Professor LaChance found that journalists consistently portrayed “the legal executions of white men as events that honored their humanity.” During the same period (1892–1896) when Black male execution coverage averaged four paragraphs in length, the length of articles about white male executions peaked at 77 paragraphs long; these lengthy “sentimental execution narratives” continued well into the 1930s. Professor LaChance notes that “journalists turned condemned white men into tragic heroes and newspaper readers into surrogate witnesses to dramas of life and death.” Further, “[b]y treating condemned white men as fallen humans rather than vicious beasts, journalists protected white social solidarity.”Professor LaChance argues that these trends must be considered in the context of lynching trends in the South. By the 1890s, public spectacle lynchings were becoming a fixture of white violence against African Americans. The public nature of these lynchings “made whiteness by publicly negating Black people’s status as fellow human beings endowed with legal rights and eternal souls,” allowing the practice to serve as a uniting factor among white people. The focus on white people in articles about capital punishment—despite the data showing that they were the minority of those executed during this time—helped to legitimize the death penalty in the early- and mid-20thcentury, even though “[e]xecutions in the South were so often legal lynchings” during this era. TAGS Daniel LaChance SourcesDaniel LaChance, The Death Penalty in Black and White: Execution Coverage in Two Southern Newspapers, 1877 – 1936, Law & Social Inquiry (August 2023).RaceJan 23, 2024United States Supreme Court Asked to Consider Another Case of Racially Biased Prosecutorial Jury StrikesUnited States Supreme Court Asked to Consider Another Case of Racially Biased Prosecutorial Jury StrikesRaceJan 02, 2024NEW STUDY: Research Suggests the Arbitrariness of Facial Features Affects Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions in Death Penalty CasesNEW STUDY: Research Suggests the Arbitrariness of Facial Features Affects Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions in Death Penalty CasesRaceDec 14, 2023Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty Releases its 2023 Year in Review ReportTexas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty Releases its 2023 Year in Review ReportJoin our mailing listDeath Penalty Information Center Email Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedIn Policy Issues Arbitrariness Costs Deterrence Innocence Intellectual Disability Juveniles International Mental Illness Prosecutorial Accountability Race Representation Sentencing Alternatives Victims' FamiliesFacts & Research Fact Sheet Death Penalty Census Clemency Crimes Punishable by Death DPIC Reports History of the Death Penalty Innocence Database Murder Rates Public Opinion Recent Legislative Activity Religion Sentencing Data Student Research Center United States Supreme CourtExecutions Executions Overview Upcoming Executions Execution Database Methods of Execution Botched Executions Lethal InjectionDeath Row Death Row Overview Conditions on Death Row Foreign Nationals Native Americans Time on Death Row WomenState & Federal Info State by State Federal Death Penalty MilitaryAbout About Us Staff & Board of Directors DPIC in the Media DPIC Testimony Press Releases Work for DPICFor the MediaResources Related Websites Publications & Testimony DPIC Podcasts DPIC Reports New Voices En EspañolFor Educators High School Curriculum Teacher's Guide College CurriculumFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW, Suite 750 | Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2024 Death Penalty Information Center Tweet FacebookShare this selection Tweet Facebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/new-research-finds-that-historical-news-coverage-reduced-executed-black-men-to-faceless-interchangeable-public-safety-hazards-while-executed-white-men-were-portrayed-as-tragic-heroes ) [228] => Array ( [objectID] => 23639 [title] => Singapore’s death penalty for drug trafficking: What the research says and doesn’t [timestamp] => 1706054400 [date] => 24/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/singapores-death-penalty-for-drug-trafficking-what-the-research-says-and-doesnt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on October 7, 2023.Of all retentionist countries, Singapore seems to be the most vocal about the need to execute individuals as a form of criminal punishment. MAI SATO (Monash University) reviews studies conducted or commissioned by Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs that claim public backing for and the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking. Sato finds that these studies provide far weaker evidence for using the death penalty for drug trafficking than their authors and officials citing them claim. [texte] => Skip to contentAcademia | SGAcademia | SGPromoting Scholarship Of/By/For Singapore Academic Views Editorials Opinion and Analysis Webinars Junior Scholar Seminars Book/film reviews Beyond rankings University governance Academic freedom Resources Singapore Presidential Election 2023 Singapore studies Special Topics Keywords POFMA GE2020 GE2020 Explainers About usSingapore’s death penalty for drug trafficking: What the research says and doesn’tAcademic Views / Saturday, October 7th, 2023MAI SATO (Monash University) reviews studies conducted or commissioned by Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs that claim public backing for and the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking. Sato finds that these studies provide far weaker evidence for using the death penalty for drug trafficking than their authors and officials citing them claim. Editors’ note: Given the gravity of crimes like drug trafficking as well as of the taking of human life by the state, the death penalty for such offences is contentious. We think discussions about these issues should be based on evidence rather than ideology — regardless of the stance someone ultimately adopts. This article is a contribution to that process. We hope that Singapore can have more serious, empirically-informed conversations in good faith about maintaining and improving law and order in ways that are not only just, effective, and appropriate, but also proportionate and non-excessive. Like all policy tools, capital punishment is only a means to an end and not an end in itself.Of all retentionist countries, Singapore seems to be the most vocal about the need to execute individuals as a form of criminal punishment. The two top executing States — China and Iran — do so in silence, rarely responding to international criticism, but Singapore is keen to engage in discussion about the benefits of the death penalty. It often takes the lead in various United Nations fora in defending the use of the death penalty. It vigorously rebuts criticisms made by individuals, ranging from articles written by journalists and activists, such as Kirsten Han, to comments made by the founder of the Virgin Group, Richard Branson. National media such as The Straits Times appear to merely echo the administration’s narrative on why Singapore needs the death penalty for drug trafficking. Last month, it published an article entitled “Capital punishment for drug trafficking essential to saving more lives: Shanmugam”, which essentially summarised a speech that Law and Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam gave to youth leaders. Shanmugam quoted Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) studies to back up the administration’s support for the death penalty. In this piece, I explore these claims by examining findings from the research conducted or commissioned by MHA. I am of the view that the available evidence does not provide as strong support for the use of the death penalty for drug trafficking as claimed. For this analysis, I wrote to MHA, requesting access to the studies. I was delighted to receive a response containing links to studies MHA completed. Disappointingly, the Ministry declined to share the anonymised raw data analysed in these studies, ruling out the possibility of secondary analysis and replication studies. The studies that have been made public were all carried out by Ministry staff, with one exception — a study commissioned by the Ministry and carried out by the Institute of Policy Studies (referred to as Study 3 below). The studies I analysed are the following: Study 1: Survey on Singapore Residents’ Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty 2021 Study 2: Public Perception towards Singapore’s Anti-drug Policies (pages 52-54) Study 3: IPS Study on Attitudes towards the Use of Capital Punishment Study 4: Perception of Residents in Regional Cities on Singapore’s Crime Situation, Law and Safety Study 5: The Impact of Deterrence on the Decision-Making Process of Drug Traffickers (pages 65-80) Study 6: Deterrent Effect of Historical Amendments to Singapore’s Sanction (pages 56-64)In sum, these studies conclude that: (A) there is strong public support for the death penalty; and (B) the death penalty works as a deterrent in relation to capital offences. I analyse each of these conclusions in turn. For reasons of length, detailed comments on the studies are placed in the Appendix to this article.A. ‘Overwhelming’ support for current policies According to The Straits Times article, Shanmugam said that the “overwhelming majority of people in Singapore today support the current drug policies”. In particular, he quoted “a survey which showed that 66 per cent of Singaporeans polled said the mandatory death penalty is appropriate for drug trafficking”.The survey that Shanmugam referred to appears to be from Study 1. In this survey, MHA measured support for the use of the mandatory death penalty by asking respondents to what extent they agreed or disagreed with the following statement: “The mandatory death penalty is appropriate as the punishment for…trafficking a significant amount of drugs” (emphasis added). Based on this question, the Ministry concluded that 66% of respondents “strongly agree[d]” or “agree[d]” with the statement. Although not referred to by Shanmugam in this article, Study 2 also asked a similar question (see my Appendix). This question in Study 1 contains a qualifier: it asks support for the mandatory death penalty for “trafficking a significant amount of [illicit] drugs”. The survey does not examine what respondents consider a “significant amount” of drugs or whether their perceptions align with the law. Under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973, trafficking the following amounts of illicit drugs carries the mandatory death penalty: 30g of morphine, 15g of diamorphine (pure heroin), 500g of cannabis, 200g of cannabis resin, 1,000g of cannabis mixture, 30g of cocaine, and 250g of methamphetamine. The above amounts are larger than those for possession offences; however, whether they are “large” in the context of trafficking may vary. For example, in the State of Victoria, Australia, where I reside, the quantity threshold for trafficking cocaine is 250g, and a “large” commercial quantity threshold is 750g (for other illicit drugs, see page 8 of this report by the Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council). This question uses a 5-point Likert scale question, ranging from “strongly agree”, “agree” and “neutral” to “disagree” and “strongly disagree”. A Likert scale allows us to understand different intensities of views, measuring how strongly (or not so strongly) one feels about a position. The authors of Study 1 chose to combine the respondents who selected “strongly agree” and “agree” when reporting the results, meaning it is not possible to determine the proportion of respondents who “strongly agree[d]” with using the mandatory death penalty for individuals who traffic this significant amount of illicit drugs.Fortunately, Study 3 (not cited by Shanmugam in the article) provides insight into the proportion of respondents who strongly hold such views. They were asked to state the extent to which they agreed with the statement: “I believe the death penalty should be mandatory for a person convicted of intentionally trafficking a substantial amount of drugs”. This question narrows support for the mandatory death penalty to individuals who have trafficked a substantial amount of illicit drugs with intention, which excludes those who did not know that they were carrying illicit drugs (but probably includes those who were coerced into doing so). Combining respondents who selected “strongly agree” or “agree” with this statement, one could conclude that 62% are in support of such policy, yielding similar results to Study 1 quoted by the minister. However, respondents who “strongly” supported this view in Study 3 only amounted to 19%. Again, though, it is not possible to know what respondents in Study 3 had in mind with regard to “a substantial amount” of illicit drugs as it is not included with the question.In sum, I would summarise the level of support for the death penalty for drug offences in this manner, based on studies examined so far: around 62-66% of the Singaporean public “strongly agree” or “agree” with the use of the mandatory death penalty for individuals who traffic illicit drugs in significant/substantial quantities, though it is unclear what respondents mean by this. Those who strongly support this view are a minority (based on findings from Study 3). Another qualifier I would add when interpreting these studies is the respondents’ level of knowledge on the death penalty, to which I now turn. How knowledgeable is the public? If public support for the death penalty justifies Singapore’s use of this ultimate punishment, ideally such support should be informed by at least a basic understanding concerning the policy. Study 3 investigated exactly that. It concluded that “[r]espondents were relatively knowledgeable about issues relating to the death penalty” (emphasis added). Based on the number of true-or-false questions respondents answered correctly out of 8, the study found that 11% had “low” knowledge (0-2 correct answers), 46% had “medium” knowledge (3-5 correct), and 44% “high” knowledge (6-8 correct). The statements presented to respondents ranged from “Singapore has the death penalty for intentional murder“, which 82% of respondents correctly identified as “true” to “In the last five years, fewer than five people were executed yearly in Singapore”, which 13% correctly decided was “false”. The veracity of 2 of the 8 statements, however, is worth further examination. One of the statements identified as “true” reads: “Singapore has the death penalty for drug traffickers who traffic a substantial amount of drugs (e.g., 1,250 straws of heroin, which can [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.academia.sg/academic-views/review-of-death-penalty-research/ ) [229] => Array ( [objectID] => 23637 [title] => Death by Design: Part 2 [timestamp] => 1705968000 [date] => 23/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-design-part-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.In "Death by Design" Parts 1 and 2, Wren investigated the state of court-appointed capital representation in Harris County—the death penalty capital of the world. The second report examines why that poor representation has thrived, and the ways that the judges overseeing those cases have enabled it to continue that way.Wren recommends a total overhaul to the system of capital representation for poor defendants in Harris County, with either the public defender absorbing those cases or the judges establishing a new, freestanding capital public defender that is independent from judicial oversight. [texte] => THE WREN COLLECTIVEDeath By Design:Part 2DECEMBER 2023D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 21IntroductionSixty years ago, in Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court issued alandmark ruling that would ultimately ensure every person facing thepossibility of having their liberty stripped away would get an attorney if theycould not afford one. Poor defendants in Harris County, Texas, do get freelawyers, but too many are denied effective ones, especially in death penaltycases where their lives hang in the balance.On the anniversary of Gideon, the Wren Collective investigated the state ofcourt-appointed capital representation in Harris County—the death penaltycapital of the world— to see whether poor defendants are receiving effectivecounsel. We interviewed judges, trial and postconviction attorneys, andmitigation specialists. We reviewed data on caseloads, jail visits, and billingrecords. We also read postconviction pleadings from the majority of HarrisCounty capital cases that ended in death sentences over the last two decades.We focused primarily on those where individuals are still on death row and ona few who have had their sentences overturned. In total, we report on 28 cases.1All of the cases we examined involved men who were sentenced to deathrow, and an overwhelming majority of them—93%—were men of color. Ourresearch shows a system of representation that is broken.As we documented in part 1 of Death by Design, in every case that resulted in adeath sentence, trial lawyers failed to uncover compelling evidence that couldhave convinced a district attorney to drop a death sentence or a jury to give lifein prison rather than death. Attorneys failed to investigate and did not presentevidence of their client’s mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities. Theymissed galling examples of physical and sexual abuse of their clients becausethey did not talk to family or witnesses. They did not prepare importantexperts to testify until the day that they were supposed to take the stand.The first report largely dealt with the failings of the lawyers in capital cases.This report examines why that poor representation has thrived, and the waysthat the judges overseeing those cases have enabled it to continue that way.First, judges seemingly ignore the excessive caseloads that many attorneyshave, even though they are in charge of appointing lawyers to cases.Second, there is an inherent conflict of interest when judges are in controlof both the appointments and the purse strings of a case because it meansthe attorney’s livelihood is dependent on pleasing the judge. If judges valuequick resolution of cases over dedicated representation, a lawyer may feel,consciously or not, pressure to hurry the case along and ask for too little timeand money, at the expense of the client. We have heard numerous examplesof this occurring, especially when it comes to hiring experts and mitigationspecialists, who are tasked with investigating a client’s life history for thepunishment phase of trial.In every case thatresulted in a deathsentence, trial lawyersfailed to uncovercompelling evidencethat could haveconvinced a districtattorney to drop adeath sentence or ajury to give life in prisonrather than deathD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 22Third, the judges in Harris County have never established meaningful trainingrequirements for lawyers, or any requirements at all for the mitigationspecialists. Therefore, many people perform their work without the trainingthey need in mental health, trauma, or even interviewing skills.In the end, we recommend a total overhaul to the system of capitalrepresentation for poor defendants, with either the public defender absorbingthose cases or the judges establishing a new, freestanding capital publicdefender that is independent from judicial oversight. Such systemsexist across the country and have been enormously effective in providingconstitutionally compliant representation to individuals facing the ultimatepunishment. Harris County should follow suit.Part 1:How Capital Defense Operatesin Harris CountyHarris County has a hybrid system of representation. While it has a publicdefender’s office that handles many of the cases in the county, court-appointedprivate lawyers handle the bulk of the most serious cases (where a lawyerhas not been retained). Court-appointed private lawyers handle all of thenon-retained capital murder cases, which carry a sentence of either life withoutparole or death. Such a hybrid system is not uncommon across the country.The District Attorney does not seek the death penalty in every capital murdercase, and the county has seen a sharp decline in the number of death penaltysentences sought in the last decade.2 But both judges and defense attorneysmust treat every capital murder charge as if death will be sought, because theDistrict Attorney’s office does not make a decision right away on whether itwill seek death. Sometimes, it can take years for them to make that choice. Asof this writing, there are 418 pretrial pending capital murder cases.3Because of the complexity of capital murder cases, judges must appointtwo lawyers: one who sits “first chair” and one who sits “second chair.” Therequirements for a first chair attorney, discussed below, are more stringent,and include experience having introduced mitigation evidence in a deathpenalty trial. Judges select attorneys from a list of those who meet certainqualifications, which for first chair lawyers includes experience presentingmental health evidence.4 Those attorneys must in turn request funds to payfor an investigator, a mitigation specialist to examine the client’s life andmental health, and any other necessary experts. Harris County has just 46 5individuals qualified to serve as first chair capital attorneys.Both judges anddefense attorneysmust treat everycapital murdercharge as if death willbe sought, becausethe District Attorney’soffice does not makea decision on whetherit will seek deathright awayD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 23Part 2:The Unique Job ofCapital DefendersEffective representation in a death penalty case requires vastly more time,effort, funding, and training than other cases. Jury selection alone can last amonth or longer, as attorneys must probe whether jurors will automaticallysentence a person to death if he or she is convicted of murder. The guilt phaseof the trial largely mirrors any other murder trial, but if the jury convicts, thatis where the similarities end.As described in part 1 of our report, the trial then moves into the punishmentphase, where the jury decides whether to sentence the person to life or death.First, the government presents any aggravating evidence to show that theindividual will pose a future danger to society. 6 Its presentation might includeevidence of other offenses that were not at issue in the guilt phase of the trial,such as prior assaults or robberies. The defense, therefore, must essentiallyinvestigate and defend against an entirely new set of charges; sometimes,there are multiple criminal allegations.The defense then presents their own case and tries to explain to the jury howthe individual ended up where he or she did, committing a horrible and violentcrime. This is where the defense introduces evidence of the accused’s lifehistory, including any evidence of physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or trauma.They present any evidence that exists showing mental illness, intellectualdisability, and any brain damage. They must put on both witnesses who knewthe defendant throughout his or her life, and experts who have interviewedthose witnesses and examined the person facing a death sentence.In this way, capital defense representation is very different from all other criminaldefense work. To save their client’s life, lawyers must convince people to sharetheir most guarded secrets and to recount their most traumatic experiences.Developing that kind of trust can take months, if not years. Defense attorneysmust also engage in a wide-ranging understanding of complex forensicevidence, mental health disorders, intellectual disability, trauma, and abuse.7Capital defense lawyers, no matter how experienced, cannot perform thiswork alone. They must assemble a well-rounded defense team consistingof an investigator and a mitigation specialist who understands trauma andmental illness and can collect extensive life history records such as school,medical, birth, psychiatric, prison and jail, and often child protective servicesrecords. And the team must hire experts who can effectively evaluate theclient for mental illness. The job of the capital defense lawyer is enormous,and the stakes are at their highest. There is nothing that compares to it inthe justice system.8D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 24Part 3:The Problems with CapitalDefense in Harris CountyAs our first report demonstrated, the culture of capital defense representationin Harris County is broken. In nearly every death sentence that occurred,lawyers largely abdicated their duty to conduct a robust, vigorous investigationinto their client’s life history. They missed clear signs of mental illness andsometimes intellectual disability. They prepared witnesses in the courthouse,immediately before they took the stand. At nearly every turn, they failed todo what was necessary to save their clients’ lives. Below, we discuss whythat culture has flourished.9I. Lawyers’ unmanageable caseloads and the judges who allow itOne of the biggest problems we saw is that many capital lawyers in HarrisCounty have unmanageable caseloads, a situation that judges have allowedto continue. Part of the problem is that there are not enough lawyers whoare qualified to take on these cases: There are 46 lawyers qualified to serveas first chair and over 400 pending capital murder cases. But whatever thecause, historically, many attorneys on the capital list sometimes have upwardsof 300 cases at a time (not all capital cases, of course), when the AmericanBar Association guideline [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.wrencollective.org/publications ) [230] => Array ( [objectID] => 23635 [title] => Death by Design: Part 1 [timestamp] => 1705968000 [date] => 23/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-design-part-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.In "Death by Design" Parts 1 and 2, Wren investigated the state of court-appointed capital representation in Harris County—the death penalty capital of the world.The first report delves into the failings of the lawyers in capital cases.Wren recommends a total overhaul to the system of capital representation for poor defendants in Harris County, with either the public defender absorbing those cases or the judges establishing a new, freestanding capital public defender that is independent from judicial oversight. [texte] => THE WREN COLLECTIVEDeath By Design:Part 1DECEMBER 2023D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 11When he was just 4 years old, Christopher Jackson was sexually abusedby a teen boy he lived with—abuse that continued until he turned 9. Hisgrandmother, who took him in afterward, regularly beat him until he passedout. Jeffery Prevost was sexually assaulted when he was a child. His motherphysically abused him, at one point firing a gun at him. Mabry Landor, whosuffers from bipolar disorder, was sexually and physically abused by hisbrothers. Roosevelt Smith and Joseph Jean had an IQ of 69; they are bothintellectually disabled, and thus, ineligible for the death penalty.Each of these men went to trial in Harris County facing the death penalty.In every case, defense counsel failed to present this evidence, and juriessentenced all these men to death.Sixty years ago, in Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court issued a landmarkruling that would ultimately ensure every person facing the possibility of havingtheir liberty stripped away would get an attorney if they could not afford one.1Nowhere is that right more important than in a capital murder case, where thepotential sentence is death and where almost every person in this country whois charged with a capital crime is poor. That right, however, has been elusive indeath penalty cases in Harris County, Texas, the death penalty capital of thenation and the world.2Over the last few decades, news outlets have run periodic stories about deathpenalty lawyers in Harris County with too-high caseloads who have missedcritical filing deadlines or who did minimal work on their client’s case. Onthe 60th anniversary of Gideon, the Wren Collective investigated whetherthese stories were isolated examples of flawed representation or whetherthe representation reflected problems that exist throughout the system ofcapital defense. We interviewed judges, trial and postconviction attorneys, andmitigation specialists.3 We reviewed caseloads, jail visits, and billing records. Weread postconviction pleadings from the majority of Harris County capital casesthat ended with death sentences in the last two decades. We focused primarilyon those cases where individuals are still on death row, but also looked at a fewwhose sentences have been overturned. In total, we examined 28 cases.4Our findings are documented in this report. Theyare difficult to read.5 The system is utterly broken.In every case we reviewed that resulted in a death sentence, trial lawyersfailed to uncover compelling evidence that could have convinced a districtattorney to drop a death sentence or a jury to give life. Attorneys failed toinvestigate and did not present evidence of their client’s mental illnesses andintellectual disabilities. They missed galling examples of physical and sexualabuse of their clients because they did not talk to family or witnesses. Many didnot prepare important experts to testify until the day that they were supposedto take the stand.28death penaltycases in Harris Countyover the last twodecades ended witha death sentenceD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 12Lawyers failed topresent available,compelling evidenceof their client’s mentalillness or seriousdevelopmentalimpairments.Lawyers failed topresent evidence ofphysical or sexualabuse, or sometimesboth.Lawyers failed topresent evidencethat their clientwas intellectuallydisabled, which couldhave rendered themineligible for thedeath penalty.Lawyers left outevidence of seriousparental neglect.In all 28 Harris County capital cases we reviewed, trial lawyersfailed to uncover relevant evidence. Of those cases...24cases16cases6cases23casesLike most aspects of the legal system, people of color suffered the most frompoor representation in death penalty cases. Of the 28 cases we reviewed, 93%involved people of color. Seventeen are Black, eight are Latine, one is Arab,and two are white. All are men.Representing a client in a death penalty case is perhaps the most demandingwork in the legal profession. Like in all criminal cases, capital attorneys mustinvestigate the factual case and then try to show a jury that the governmenthas not proven the client’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. But that is wherethe similarities end. If the jury convicts their client of capital murder, the trialmoves into a punishment phase, where lawyers try to convince a jury that theirclient’s life is worth saving. To do this, they present the client’s life history, whichoften includes trauma, abuse, and mental illness—themes that can run throughseveral generations of the person’s family. The lawyers then present the client’slife story to the jury to explain how the individual reached the point where theycommitted such a brutal crime. The lawyers hope that this evidence, known as“mitigation,” will convince even one juror to spare the client’s life, leading toa life-without-parole sentence.6Uncovering this evidence requires thousands of hours of work, performedby defense counsel, a team of mitigation specialists with a background insocial work and mental health, and the input of expert witnesses such aspsychologists and psychiatrists. Casual observers might believe that a personfacing a death sentence will simply reveal to their lawyer every deep, dark,and painful thing that ever happened to them, as will their family members,but the opposite is generally true. The defense team must convince the client,who is often mentally ill, to revisit their own trauma and abuse. They mustconvince family members to describe shameful secrets, and even crimesD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 13committed by other family members whom they love, including sexual orphysical abuse. It is rare that people will be so forthcoming with an attorneywho is at first a stranger and whose background is generally nothing like theperson they are representing, no matter the stakes at trial. The only way togain this information is to earn the client and family’s trust. Doing so requirestime, patience, kindness, and work.This work is so hard that investigations revealeffective lawyers spend several thousand hourson these cases, even before trial.7In the cases we reviewed with publicly available data on caseloads, whichincludes all those from 2014 on, almost all lawyers had unmanageable case-loads, several with 400 or more at a time. As a result, some lawyers could notpossibly have worked the thousands of hours required to prepare for trial.Some lawyers did not even bother forming relationships with their client, onlyvisiting them once or twice in jail—and sometimes, not at all. The Harris CountySheriff’s Office was able to find and provide jail logs for 21 out of the 28 individualswhose cases we reviewed. 8 Analysis of those jail logs revealed the following:9Many of these individuals spent years in jail awaiting trial, rarely if ever seeinga lawyer.Part 2 of this report explores the structural reasons that poor representationhas thrived in Harris County capital cases. One of our major takeaways is thatthe people who historically have had the most power to improve the indigentdefense system in Harris County are the judges, but they have abdicated theirduty to do so. They appoint the lawyers, they control the funds that pay thelawyers and their teams, and they preside in the courtrooms where the casesare heard. Data on unmanageable caseloads is plentiful, and given that thereare over 400 pending capital cases in the county and only 46 lawyers qualifiedto serve as first chair on capital cases, the math is plain. The system as itstands cannot work. Yet presiding judges have either been unable or unwillingto monitor the quality of representation provided in death penalty cases or todo anything to change it.4clientsNo legal visits5clients1–5 legal visits5clients6–10 legal visits3clients11–15 legal visits4clientsMore than 20 legal visitsD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 14Some might be skeptical of our findings outlining systemic problems inrepresentation because no appellate court has found these lawyers deficientand ineffective during postconviction litigation. But the criminal legal systemhas a vested interest in preserving the status quo by protecting convictionsand the trial lawyers who are necessary to make the system work. A person whohas been sentenced to death must surmount the fictitious legal presumptionsthat defense lawyers are competent and trials are fair in order to have theirsentence overturned.10 Additionally, a 2018 study of postconviction deathpenalty cases in Harris County found that in an astounding 178 out of 191 cases,judges simply signed the state’s proposed findings of fact, essentially allowing“the prosecutors to write their opinion for them,” and glossing over any claimsraising issues of ineffective assistance of counsel.11For too long, unprepared lawyers havedone little to stop their vulnerable,mentally ill clients from beingsentenced to death, and judges haveturned a blind eye to it. It is time fora sweeping overhaul of the way legalrepresentation is provided in deathpenalty cases in Harris County.D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 15William IrvanLawyers failed to present evidence of mental illness, physical abuse, andneglect; one first chair attorney jail visit, one second chair attorney visitA 2003 jury convicted William Irvan of capital murder committed duringa sexual assault and sentenced him to death. 12 Mr. Irvan likely suffers frombipolar disorder13 and organic brain damage.14 As a child, he had learningdisabilities and could not read until he was an adult;15 he dropped out ofschool in the tenth grade.16 His father was physically abusive, 17 and there isevidence that Mr. Irvan’s father raped his mother while she was sleepingin the bed with one of her sons.18The jury heard none of this evidence, however, because the trial attorneysdid not uncover it. 19 For the first two years he spent in jail, the defense lawyerconducted no mitigation investigation.20 Mr. Irvan repeatedly wrote to hislawyer, 21 and then eventually, to [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.wrencollective.org/publications ) [231] => Array ( [objectID] => 23632 [title] => Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences [timestamp] => 1705968000 [date] => 23/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-in-saudi-arabia-2023-ongoing-bloodshed-with-unusual-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on 22 January، 2024. The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights views 2023 as a year that demonstrated Saudi Arabia's inconsistency in using the death penalty. Besides the unexplained shift in the types of executed sentences, the implementation of death sentences for drug-related charges, and the disregard for international legal opinions, the high numbers indicate Saudi Arabia's determination to use the death penalty without restraint.In Saudi Arabia in 2023, 172 executions were carried out according to data from the Ministry of Interior published by the official news agency. The number of executions increased by 15% compared to the figure announced by the Ministry of Interior in 2022, where 147 sentences were reported, despite the mass execution of 81 individuals in 2022. [texte] => Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences2In Saudi Arabia in 2023, 172 executions were carried outaccording to data from the Ministry of Interior published bythe official news agency. The number of executions increasedby 15% compared to the figure announced by the Ministry ofInterior in 2022, where 147 sentences were reported, despitethe mass execution of 81 individuals in 2022.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences3Saudi Arabia carried out the first executions in the third monthof the year, resulting in an average monthly execution rateof approximately 17 executions over 10 months. Additionally,the death penalty was executed during the holy month ofRamadan, an unprecedented move as no executions had beenreported during this month before.It is not ruled out that the actual number of executions couldbe higher, as the official Human Rights Commission had statedthat the number of executions in 2022 was 29% higher. Thecommission reported 196 executions, while the official newsagency data mentioned 147. This is in addition to informationmonitored by the European Saudi Organization for HumanRights regarding secret executions.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences4Saudi Arabia executed death sentences for 134 Saudi nationals,accounting for approximately 78%. The remaining individualsrepresent various nationalities, including 8 Yemenis, 8Bangladeshis, 4 Pakistanis, 4 Indians, 2 Bahrainis, 2 Egyptians,1 Filipino, 1 Nepali, 1 American, 1 displaced person, 2 Sudanese, 1Ethiopian, 1 Palestinian, 1 Ghanaian, and 1 Jordanian.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences5The percentage of females subjected toexecutions in Saudi Arabia increased,with 6 women executed, constitutingapproximately 3.4%. This is an increasecompared to 0.69% in 2022 and 2021.According to official data tracking, 30of the executed death sentences wereissued by the Specialized Criminal Court,notorious for its use in criminalizingactivists. However, only 8 of thesesentences included charges of intentionalmurder. Therefore, more than 70% ofthe death sentences in the SpecializedCriminal Court are for charges thatare not considered most serious underinternational law, such as intentionalmurder. The charges mentioned in theMinistry of Interior’s data include Molotovcocktail throwing, sheltering and treatingwanted individuals, illegal exit from the country, and weaponpossession.Among those executed were the Bahraini youths, Jaffar Sultanand Sadeq Thamer, for whom the UN Special Rapporteurs hadurged the Saudi government tohalt the sentences due to theviolations they faced duringdetention and trial. They werenot charged with the mostserious offenses.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences6Among the death sentences carried out in crimes notconsidered the most serious under international law, SaudiArabia executed two individuals in 2023 on drug-relatedcharges, continuing to violate the moratorium on suchexecutions declared by the Human Rights Commission inJanuary 2020 and breached by Saudi Arabia in November2022. Among those executed for drug offenses were aPakistani national and the Jordanian citizenHussein Abu Al-Khair. The UN WorkingGroup on Arbitrary Detention deemed hisarrest and sentencing arbitrary, and severalUN rapporteurs had sent messages to theSaudi government regarding his case.Despite the lack of transparency and theabsence of any role for civil society, themonitored cases confirm ongoing violations accompanyingexecutions. These violations include secrecy in execution anddepriving families of their right to say goodbye, as Abu Al-Khairwas executed without notifying his family. Additionally, thereare violations in the trials where judgments are issued afterunfair trials involving torture, ill-treatment, and denial of theright to adequate self-defense.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences720162017201820192020202120222023621615411452According to the European Saudi Organization’s tracking, thegovernment continued its policy of withholding bodies in 2023,with the number reaching at least 146 bodies.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences8In 2023, the types of deathsentences in Saudi Arabiawere distributed as follows:66 were Qisas, 54 wereTa’zir, 50 were Hadd, and 2were military sentences.Qisas: These include crimes of physical harm leading to death,such as intentional and unintentional homicide. In thesecases, the family of the victim has the right to pardon theperpetrator or accept blood money (Diyah) as compensation.Murder sentences accounted for 38% of the total executionsin 2023. Notably, the severity of charges mentioned in theSaudi Ministry of Interior’s data, including killing relatives andchildren, stands out, with these crimes being absent from publicdiscourse. This suggests that they might have occurred yearsprior, but their execution at high rates in 2023 lacks clarity,compounded by the absence of any role for civil society orinvestigative journalism, alongside citizen intimidation.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences92010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20202 0212 02252333 325274 72 7254741305 9882023Hadd: These are fixed and specific punishments within Islamiclaw for specified crimes. There are strict legal and proceduralrequirements that judges are supposed to adhere to whenissuing judgments. Hadd sentences constituted 29% of the totalexecutions in 2023.Ta’zir: Ta’zir is applied in other crimes considered offensesagainst the state or society. It is discretionary, with judgesdeciding the punishment. Ta’zir sentences are not explicitlydefined by Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia uses broad andextremist interpretations to apply the death penalty as Ta’zir.Murder sentences as Ta’zir accounted for 31% of the totalexecutions in 2023.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences10In addition to the three categories, theMinistry of Defense announced in 2023the execution of two individuals undermilitary sentences. Military sentences arerarely issued and are difficult to trace,characterized by secrecy, raising seriousconcerns about the violations they mayentail.The European Saudi Organizationfor Human Rights notes a shift in thedistribution of the types of sentences.According to a joint study by the EuropeanSaudi Organization for Human Rightsand the Reprieve organization coveringexecutions between 2010 and 2021, Ta’zirdeath sentences constituted 47% of totalexecutions, Qisas formed 40%, and Haddconstituted 13%. Additionally, ESOHRobserved that similar charges resultedin different types of sentences, wherecharges of murder led to Hadd, Qisas, andTa’zir sentences.According to the figures, the percentage ofdiscretionary death sentences from the total executions decreasedin 2023 compared to the previous 11 years, by approximately16%. ESOHR highlights that successive official promises, affirmingthat reducing discretionary death sentences would contributeto an overall reduction in execution numbers, demonstrate theineffectiveness of these assurances.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences11The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights hasonly documented 5 cases before the execution of sentences,constituting approximately 2.8% of the total operationscarried out in 2023. This underscores the continued lack oftransparency in the Saudi government’s handling of the deathpenalty file. This indicates that the number of individualssentenced to death is unknown.Nevertheless, ESOHR is currently monitoring 66 cases ofindividuals facing the risk of execution, including 9 minors.According to the information, 2 of the minors, Abdullah Alderaziand Jalal Al-Labbad, face final sentences, meaning thatexecution could occur at any moment. Additionally, 7 otherminors, including Youssef Al-Munassif, Hassan Zaki Al-Faraj,Jawad Qarir, Mahdi Al-Muhsen, Ali Al-Sabaiti, Ali Al-Mubiuq,and Abdullah Al-Huwaiti, await Supreme Court approval.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences12Despite previous assurances by Saudi Arabia that it had haltedall death sentences for minors, it appears adamant aboutexecuting these sentences, responding to UN rapporteurs’messages with denial and deception regarding the violationsfaced by the minors.In addition to minors, other detainees whose cases ESOHRis monitoring face charges that are not considered the mostserious. For instance, the youth Mohammed Al-Faraj facesthe death penalty on charges,including insulting the royalfamily by chanting offensiveslogans during protests andgatherings. Similarly, thecourt sentenced MohammedLabad to death, even thoughhe surrendered after promises of amnesty, as he did not faceserious charges. The specialized court also sentenced youngmen from the Al-Huwaiti tribe due to their objection to plans todisplace them from their regions.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences13According to ESOHR’s tracking, violationsagainst detainees threatened withexecution persist after the issuance ofsentences. This prompted Saud Al-Farajto declare a hunger strike due to theofficial authorities’ refusal to address hiscomplaints.Additionally, the Public Prosecution is seeking the death penaltyfor detainees on charges related to expressing opinions, such asSheikh Hassan Al-Maliki, Salman Al-Ouda, and preacher AwadAl-Qarni.In 2023, the Specialized Criminal Court sentenced MohammedAl-Ghamdi to charges related to expressingopinions and using social media in a trial thatdid not exceed one month. The continuationof issuing and approving death sentencesconfirms that the promises made in recentyears regarding the death penalty fall withinthe framework of official propaganda and donot reflect the reality of implementing andceasing its political use.Execut [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-2023-%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A8/ ) [232] => Array ( [objectID] => 24124 [title] => Documentaire: femmes dans la couloir de la mort [timestamp] => 1705449600 [date] => 17/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/documentaire-femmes-dans-la-couloir-de-la-mort/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Un regard déchirant sur la vie des femmes condamnées et les failles du système judiciaire américain. Aux Etats-Unis, 54 femmes « attendent » l’exécution de leur peine. Linda Carty et Melissa Lucio sont emprisonnées au Texas, Shawna Forde en Arizona. Elles se livrent. Parmi les prisonnières, certaines espèrent la révision de leur procès. [texte] => Un regard déchirant sur la vie des femmes condamnées et les failles du système judiciaire américain. Aux Etats-Unis, 54 femmes « attendent » l’exécution de leur peine. Linda Carty et Melissa Lucio sont emprisonnées au Texas, Shawna Forde en Arizona. Elles se livrent. Parmi les prisonnières, certaines espèrent la révision de leur procès. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Gender [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.les-docus.com/femmes-dans-le-couloir-de-la-mort/ ) [233] => Array ( [objectID] => 23422 [title] => International Symposium on the Right to Life in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1705017600 [date] => 12/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-symposium-on-the-right-to-life-in-taiwan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/International-Symposium-on-the-Right-to-Life-in-Taiwan-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) held a series of events including an international seminar, prison visit, and meetings that took place from 19-22 September 2023 to celebrate its 20th anniversary. [texte] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) held a series of events including an international seminar, prison visit, and meetings that took place from 19-22 September 2023 to celebrate its 20th anniversary. (more…) "International Symposium on the Right to Life in Taiwan" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [234] => Array ( [objectID] => 23405 [title] => Abolition in Africa- 77th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1705017600 [date] => 12/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-in-africa-achpr-77th-ordinary-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ACHPR-77-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) 77th Public Ordinary Session was held in Arusha, Tanzania from 20 October – 9 November 2023. [texte] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) 77th Public Ordinary Session was held in Arusha, Tanzania from 20 October – 9 November 2023. (more…) "Abolition in Africa- 77th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda [1] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [235] => Array ( [objectID] => 23374 [title] => Advocating for the Adoption of the Draft Protocol by the African Union: A Step in the Right Direction for Abolition in Africa [timestamp] => 1702598400 [date] => 15/12/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocating-for-the-adoption-of-the-draft-protocol-by-the-african-union-a-step-in-the-right-direction-for-abolition-in-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Advocacy-in-Addis-Ababa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Advocacy in Addis-Ababa On the 10 October 2023, the FIACAT (International Federation of ACATs), and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, represented by Ms. Florence Ayivor-Vieira of ACAT-Ghana and Mr. Hervé Nsabimana of CODHAS (Centre d’observation des Droits de l’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale), Co-Chairpersons of the World Coalition’s working group on the draft protocol […] [texte] => Advocacy in Addis-AbabaOn the 10 October 2023, the FIACAT (International Federation of ACATs), and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, represented by Ms. Florence Ayivor-Vieira of ACAT-Ghana and Mr. Hervé Nsabimana of CODHAS (Centre d’observation des Droits de l’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale), Co-Chairpersons of the World Coalition’s working group on the draft protocol were in met in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia. (more…) "Advocating for the Adoption of the Draft Protocol by the African Union: A Step in the Right Direction for Abolition in Africa " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [236] => Array ( [objectID] => 23364 [title] => Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG) [timestamp] => 1702598400 [date] => 15/12/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/transitional-justice-working-group-tjwg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/transitional-Justice-Working-Group-500x184.jpg [extrait] => As a human rights documentation NGO, TJWG has published biennial reports on public executions in North Korea based on interviews with North Korean defectors in 2017, 2019 and 2021. TJWG has also been calling for the complete abolition of the death penalty in North and South Korea, which has maintained it in the laws even […] [texte] => As a human rights documentation NGO, TJWG has published biennial reports on public executions in North Korea based on interviews with North Korean defectors in 2017, 2019 and 2021.TJWG has also been calling for the complete abolition of the death penalty in North and South Korea, which has maintained it in the laws even though no one has actually been executed since December 1997. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [237] => Array ( [objectID] => 23354 [title] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU), University of Oxford [timestamp] => 1702598400 [date] => 15/12/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/death-penalty-research-unit-dpru-university-of-oxford/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/death_penalty_research_unit_dpru-500x500.jpg [extrait] => The Death Penalty Research Unit has three main aims: to develop empirical, theoretical and policy-relevant research on the death penalty worldwide; to encourage death penalty scholarship including at graduate level, through education, events, research dissemination and an active blog; and to engage in knowledge production, exchange and dissemination in cooperation with civil society, charities, legal […] [texte] => The Death Penalty Research Unit has three main aims: to develop empirical, theoretical and policy-relevant research on the death penalty worldwide; to encourage death penalty scholarship including at graduate level, through education, events, research dissemination and an active blog; and to engage in knowledge production, exchange and dissemination in cooperation with civil society, charities, legal practitioners, policy-makers and local academics in those countries where research is ongoing.Part of the Oxford Centre’s Global Criminal Justice Hub, the DPRU focuses on the retention, administration and politics of the death penalty worldwide. We aim to understand the rationales for the death penalty, how it is used in practice, and its diverse application and impact on communities.We are committed to working with our partners in various regions on collaborative production and dissemination of empirical and theoretical knowledge. This work is not only aimed at elucidating the law and practice of capital punishment worldwide, but at challenging it, with the explicit aim of abolition or, failing that, progressive restriction.The DPRU is led by Professor Carolyn Hoyle. It builds on the strong foundations laid by the late Professor Roger Hood, Director of the Centre for Criminology from 1973 to 2003. Much of our work is done in partnership with The Death Penalty Project, a London-based legal action charity with many years of experience of litigation, capacity building and research.The DPRU also collaborates with partner organisations and academics in the countries we work in; building on their research aspirations, training ‘local’ researchers in a range of research methodologies, and sharing in the production and dissemination of outputs. In so doing, we seek to ensure that our research has an impact on governments, civil society, legal practitioners and those who are subject to criminal justice systems, while also assisting in the development of scholarship in these regions. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [238] => Array ( [objectID] => 23335 [title] => World Psychiatric Association position statement mental health and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1701302400 [date] => 30/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-psychiatric-association-position-statement-mental-health-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => International law and laws of various countries prohibit the imposition of the death penalty on personswith mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities due to the special barriers faced bythem in defending themselves; their limited moral culpability; and their diminished ability tounderstand the nature and reason for their execution. However, due to lack of accommodations incriminal proceedings and legal safeguards, persons with mental illness, developmental and intellectualdisabilities are at a greater risk of being sentenced to death and having their fair trial rights denied. Authors:Maitreyi Misra, Director (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National Law UniversityDelhi.Namrata Sinha, Research Associate (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National LawUniversity Delhi.Neeraj Gill, Professor, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra and Griffith University,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.Soumitra Pathare, Consultant Psychiatrist, Director, Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, ILSLaw College, Pune.Afzal Javed, President, World Psychiatric Association. [texte] => 1Approved at the General Assembly in Vienna on 30 September 2023WORLD PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATIONPOSITION STATEMENTMENTAL HEALTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYGA23.10.19Authors:Maitreyi Misra, Director (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National Law UniversityDelhi.Namrata Sinha, Research Associate (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National LawUniversity Delhi.Neeraj Gill, Professor, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra and Griffith University,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.Soumitra Pathare, Consultant Psychiatrist, Director, Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, ILSLaw College, Pune.Afzal Javed, President, World Psychiatric Association.___________________________________________________________________________SUMMARYInternational law and laws of various countries prohibit the imposition of the death penalty on personswith mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities due to the special barriers faced bythem in defending themselves; their limited moral culpability; and their diminished ability tounderstand the nature and reason for their execution. However, due to lack of accommodations incriminal proceedings and legal safeguards, persons with mental illness, developmental and intellectualdisabilities are at a greater risk of being sentenced to death and having their fair trial rights denied.Further, as has been shown through research, often there is an onset of mental illness after a personhas been sentenced to death and while living on death row. The death penalty has disproportionatelyimpacted persons with mental or developmental and intellectual disabilities. Psychiatrists play asignificant role in preventing the imposition of the death penalty on persons who may have mentalillness or developmental and intellectual disabilities. In addition to assessing and informing the courtsof the mental state of persons at risk of being sentenced to death or executed, they also help developthe law in tandem with contemporary medical and scientific jurisprudence; and provide treatment topersons sentenced to death, with mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities.Accordingly, this position statement aims to prevent the imposition on the death penalty on personswith mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities. 2I. INTRODUCTIONThe death penalty remains a punishment in many countries across the world, even though mostcountries have abolished it as a form of punishment. As of July 2023, 112 countries had abolished thedeath penalty for all crimes, with only 55 countries being retentionist in practice, i.e., those whichcontinue to carry out executions.1 The remaining countries have either retained the death penalty forexceptional offences or have retained the death penalty but have not executed anyone in the past 10years. In 2022, only 20 countries carried out executions.2 Even though under international law, thedeath penalty is to be imposed only “in the most exceptional cases and under the strictest limits”,3there are multiple instances across countries, where the death penalty is imposed on the mostvulnerable persons, including those with mental illness4 or developmental and intellectual disabilities5,as shown in the sections below.Various professional organisations have taken a position against members participating inexecutions,6,7 have recognised the disadvantages that persons with mental illness and intellectualdisability face in the criminal justice system8 and have also taken a position against the imposition ofthe death penalty on persons with mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities.9,10 Forinstance, in 2018, the World Medical Association adopted a resolution that affirmed that it would beunethical for physicians to participate in capital punishment processes in any way.6The WPA has always aligned itself with social justice, non-discrimination and rights of persons withmental illness.11 It has been instrumental in moulding the role of psychiatrists as one of respecting andprotecting the rights of persons with mental illness, and in facilitating recovery and holding hope.12For instance, the WPA’s Position Statement on Prison Mental Health states that health care providersshould never be involved in cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment.13 The statementholds the view that prisoners shall not be subjected to, and shall be protected from, torture and othercruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The statement recognises that “mentaldisorders have a higher prevalence amongst prisoners than amongst people in the community”13(p7)and underscores the rights of prisoners to healthcare and rehabilitation. In addition, it recognises thatthe loss of a prisoner’s liberty is punishment itself and that the prisoner should not undergo additionalsuffering. Further, the WPA’s position statement on the Roles and Responsibilities of the Psychiatristof the 21st Century highlights the therapeutic role that psychiatrists should play.12 Its positionstatement on Social Justice for Persons with Mental Illness acknowledges that persons with mentalillness face discrimination and calls upon countries to actively engage psychiatrists and other mentalhealth professionals in the implementation of the UN Convention on Rights of Persons withDisabilities.11 In line with the therapeutic role that it urges psychiatrists to play, the WPA has takenthe position that psychiatrists should neither participate in executions nor in the assessments ofcompetency to be executed.73II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHY OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHThe United National Secretary-General (UNSG) in their report on the state of the death penalty in theworld has acknowledged that socio-economically marginalised and vulnerable communities aredisproportionately affected by the death penalty and are overrepresented among those sentenced todeath.14 The UNSG notes that not only does the death penalty disproportionately impact poor andeconomically vulnerable individuals but it is also discriminatorily applied against persons with mentalor developmental and intellectual disabilities. This concern has also been voiced by the UN SpecialRapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights.15Empirical evidence from multiple countries which frequently impose the death penalty alsodocuments this reality. For instance, data from India shows that 74.1% of the death row populationare economically vulnerable16 and more than 76% of the prisoners sentenced to death belong tomarginalised communities, including religious minorities.16 A study in the US found that poor blackmen formed a majority of death row prisoners in the state.17,18 A study from Bangladesh found that72% of prisoners belonged to economically vulnerable backgrounds.19 A similar situation exists inKenya where the majority of those on death row are poor and have little to no education.15,20,21Similarly, death row prisoners in Pakistan, China, Malaysia and Nigeria have also been found to befrom economically vulnerable backgrounds.22In addition to socio-economic vulnerability, studies have found that an overwhelming number ofdeath row prisoners experience multiple adversities during childhood and adolescence. For instance,a study in the United States found that a considerable number of those on death row had preconfinement histories of disturbed families of origin, parental alcoholism, childhood abuse andneglect, and/or personal substance dependence.17A study from India found that 82% of the prisonerson death row experienced three or more adverse childhood experiences, and 90% had been exposedto traumatic experiences.23III. HIGH RATES OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND DEVELOPMENTAL AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES AMONG PRISONERSSENTENCED TO DEATHIn addition to these vulnerabilities, evidence indicates high rates of mental illness and developmentaland intellectual disabilities among persons living under the sentence of death. A study from Indiafound that 62.2% of death row prisoners interviewed had at least one mental illness. Rates ofdepression and anxiety were 11 and 3 times higher among those interviewed than the communitypopulation, respectively. Rates of schizophrenia were approximately 6% higher than the community 4population and cognitive impairment was found in 19.3% of the prisoners.23(chIV) The rate of suicidalideation among prisoners sentenced to death was 13.8%, and eight prisoners had attempted suicidein prison while 94% of them were at risk of suicide.23(chIV) This study also found connections betweenconditions of death row incarceration and poor mental health and mental illness.23(chIV,V,VII) The studyfound that persons with intellectual disability were disproportionately represented among death rowprisoners. The rate of intellectual disability was found to be 10 times higher than the communitypopulation.23(chVI)Similar evidence has emerged from the US. For instance, one study found that a significant percentageof death row prisoners in the US had histories of significant neurological insult, developmental historyof trauma, family disruption and substance abuse. This study found that the rates of mental illnessamong death row inmates were high, with conditions of confinement appearing to precipitate oraggravate mental illness.17 A survey conducted in Kenya also highlighted the severe adversepsychological impact of the death penalty. It found “psychological torture and emotional discomfort”to be a prominent impact of the death sentence.”24IV. INTERNATIONAL LAW ON DEATH PENALTY FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS OR DEVELOPMENTAL ANDINTELLECTUAL DISABILITIESWhile under international law there is no explicit prohibition against the death penalty25, there hasbeen an incremental expansion of categories of persons on whom the death penalty cannot beimposed. Initially, there was a prohibition on the use of the death penalty on juveniles and pregnantmothers.25 The prohibition was later [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Intellectual Disability ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.wpanet.org/_files/ugd/842ec8_954aafaa000b4ce38c282309ef68b6f9.pdf ) [239] => Array ( [objectID] => 23325 [title] => Kurdpa Human Rights Organization [timestamp] => 1701216000 [date] => 29/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kurdpa-human-rights-organization/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/logo-Kurdpa.png [extrait] => KURDPA is a human rights organization and independent news agency, and is a leading source for the latest information on Kurdistan in Iran, with daily coverage in three languages. Founded in 2011, KURDPA’s on-the-ground reporting highlights human rights concerns affecting the Iranian Kurdish community. Kurdpa Organization intends to compensate the existing shortcomings in identifying and […] [texte] => KURDPA is a human rights organization and independent news agency, and is a leading source for the latest information on Kurdistan in Iran, with daily coverage in three languages. Founded in 2011, KURDPA’s on-the-ground reporting highlights human rights concerns affecting the Iranian Kurdish community. Kurdpa Organization intends to compensate the existing shortcomings in identifying and reporting human rights violations and fill the existing gaps. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [240] => Array ( [objectID] => 23314 [title] => Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) [timestamp] => 1701216000 [date] => 29/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bahrain-institute-for-rights-and-democracy-bird/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/bird-logo-500x231.jpg [extrait] => The Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) is a non-profit organisation focusing on advocacy, education and awareness for the calls of democracy and human rights in Bahrain. BIRD was established in 2013 after co-founder and current Director of Advocacy, Sayed Alwadaei, fled Bahrain after being imprisoned and tortured following participation in the 2011 democratic […] [texte] => The Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) is a non-profit organisation focusing on advocacy, education and awareness for the calls of democracy and human rights in Bahrain. BIRD was established in 2013 after co-founder and current Director of Advocacy, Sayed Alwadaei, fled Bahrain after being imprisoned and tortured following participation in the 2011 democratic uprising.BIRD works by engaging with victims of human rights abuse in Bahrain to provide them recourse to aid and justice. We also engage with key international actors and governments to advocate for policies that support human rights in Bahrain.BIRD maintains an in-country network, through which they are able to access detailed information about all prisoners on the country’s death row.BIRD works alongside NGO coalitions, international bodies, members of the British-Bahraini community, Bahraini activists, and the UK public to raise awareness of the human rights situation in Bahrain.BIRD’s mission is to promote human rights and effective accountability in Bahrain. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [241] => Array ( [objectID] => 23304 [title] => European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) [timestamp] => 1701216000 [date] => 29/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/european-saudi-organization-for-human-rights-esohr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/logo-ESOHR.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 2013 in response to extensive human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR), which is based in Berlin, emerged in the face of a robust campaign aimed at suppressing civil society and curtailing the activities of human rights advocates. ESOHR is committed to the abolition of the death […] [texte] => Founded in 2013 in response to extensive human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR), which is based in Berlin, emerged in the face of a robust campaign aimed at suppressing civil society and curtailing the activities of human rights advocates.ESOHR is committed to the abolition of the death penalty in Saudi Arabia. Through rigorous research, activism, and international collaboration, ESOHR works tirelessly to raise awareness about the human rights abuses associated with capital punishment in the Kingdom. ESOHR strive to highlight the flaws in the Saudi Arabian legal system that often result in unfair trials and executions. By shedding light on these issues, ESOHR aim to pressure the Saudi government to reform its policies and ultimately put an end to the death penalty. ESOHR's efforts are instrumental in promoting the principles of justice, fairness, and human rights within the Saudi Arabian criminal justice system and on the global stage. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [242] => Array ( [objectID] => 23274 [title] => Reinforcing the Link Between Torture and the Death Penalty: 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1700179200 [date] => 17/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/reinforcing-the-link-between-torture-and-the-death-penalty-21st-world-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/visual-article-21st-world-day-500x250.jpg [extrait] => “There is no way in today’s world to apply the death penalty in a legal way, in a way that does not violate international law.” This was the bold and unequivocal assertion of former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Juan Méndez in an online discussion with UN experts and exonerees organized by the World Coalition […] [texte] => "There is no way in today's world to apply the death penalty in a legal way, in a way that does not violate international law." This was the bold and unequivocal assertion of former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Juan Méndez in an online discussion with UN experts and exonerees organized by the World Coalition on October 10, 2023 for the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty (World Day). (more…) "Reinforcing the Link Between Torture and the Death Penalty: 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [243] => Array ( [objectID] => 23236 [title] => Debunking narratives for a return of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1699833600 [date] => 13/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/debunking-narratives-for-a-return-of-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/country-at-risk-meeting-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Time and time again, abolitionists have been making the case against the death penalty, highlighting how inhumane, inefficient and unfair it is. [texte] => Time and time again, abolitionists have been making the case against the death penalty, highlighting how inhumane, inefficient and unfair it is. (more…) "Debunking narratives for a return of the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Philippines [2] => Sri Lanka [3] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion [2] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [244] => Array ( [objectID] => 23200 [title] => CEDAW experts welcome World Coalition members in the #CEDAW86 side event on gender and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1699401600 [date] => 08/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cedaw86-side-event-on-gender-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CEDAW86-side-event-gender-and-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 22 October 2023, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) organized a closed-door side event on a gender-based and intersectional approach to abolition as part of the 86th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). [texte] => On 22 October 2023, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) organized a closed-door side event on a gender-based and intersectional approach to abolition as part of the 86th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). (more…) "CEDAW experts welcome World Coalition members in the #CEDAW86 side event on gender and the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [245] => Array ( [objectID] => 23173 [title] => Importance of understanding phases of abolition: the danger of ‘abolitionist in practice’ [timestamp] => 1699228800 [date] => 06/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/importance-of-understanding-phases-of-abolition-the-danger-of-abolitionist-in-practice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/discussion-about-moratorium-v2-en-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In July 2023, the World Coalition hosted a seminar in Malaysia in the context of its “Countries at Risk” project. This subject of informal moratoriums solicited much interest as participants considered preventative strategies for stopping a return to the death penalty, and what environmental factors need to be considered to implement those strategies. This article […] [texte] => In July 2023, the World Coalition hosted a seminar in Malaysia in the context of its “Countries at Risk” project. This subject of informal moratoriums solicited much interest as participants considered preventative strategies for stopping a return to the death penalty, and what environmental factors need to be considered to implement those strategies. This article aims to delve into the discussions that were held. (more…) "Importance of understanding phases of abolition: the danger of ‘abolitionist in practice’ " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [246] => Array ( [objectID] => 23148 [title] => Highlights: Discussion on torture and the death penalty with UN experts and exonerees [timestamp] => 1699228800 [date] => 06/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/highlights-discussion-on-torture-and-the-death-penalty-with-un-experts-and-exonerees/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/webinar-un-expert-exonerees-500x250.jpg [extrait] => For the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the reflection on the relationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment started in 2022, the World Coalition hosted an online discussion with United Nations experts Morris Tidball Binz (UN Special Rapporteur on […] [texte] => For the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the reflection on the relationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment started in 2022, the World Coalition hosted an online discussion with United Nations experts Morris Tidball Binz (UN Special Rapporteur on extra-judicial, summary or arbitrary executions) and Juan Méndez (former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture), and exonerees Herman Lindsey and Sabrina Butler-Smith from Witness to Innocence. (more…) "Highlights: Discussion on torture and the death penalty with UN experts and exonerees" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [247] => Array ( [objectID] => 22920 [title] => Mid-terms: A first half of 2023 marked by multiple abolitions [timestamp] => 1696809600 [date] => 09/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mid-terms-a-first-half-of-2023-marked-by-multiple-abolitions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/mid-term-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The first seven months of 2023 have been rich for the abolitionist community with a new abolitionist country, a new abolitionist state in the United States, as well as progress for abolition within multiple countries. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there have been alarming increases in executions. [texte] => The first seven months of 2023 have been rich for the abolitionist community with a new abolitionist country, a new abolitionist state in the United States, as well as progress for abolition within multiple countries. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there have been alarming increases in executions. (more…) "Mid-terms: A first half of 2023 marked by multiple abolitions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ghana [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Kenya [3] => Malaysia [4] => Saudi Arabia [5] => Singapore [6] => United States [7] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [248] => Array ( [objectID] => 23109 [title] => Detailed Factsheet – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on the link between torture and the death penalty, to mark the 21st World Day against the Death Penalty.Detailed factsheet on the link between torture and the death penalty, to mark the 21st World Day against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-EN-Detailed-Factsheet_0-5_maquette.pdf ) [249] => Array ( [objectID] => 23089 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Lingala [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-lingala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AfficheA3_CMPM_EXE_langues-lingalaok.pdf ) [250] => Array ( [objectID] => 23059 [title] => Leaflet Women and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-women-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => WOMENAND THE DEATH PENALTY500to 1000 women are currentlyon death row worldwide(by 2022).between January 2010 and October 2021(IHR)42In 2022, women were on death row in at least 42 countries.(71% of retentionist and abolitionist in practice countries with more than 3 people on death row)In 8 countries, we have no access to data to confirm or deny the presence of women on death row (Afghanistan, Algeria, Laos, Libya, South Korea, Palestine, Somalia, Syria).).www.worldcoaliton.org#WomenOnDeathRow #IgnoredNoMorecountriescount8riesWomen account for aroundWomen have been executed in10016414 countries20since 2012.From each year5% 31of death row inmates worldwidebetween 2010and 2021(ESOHR et Reprieve)ChinaIran(CCDPW)Saudi ArabiatoMore than cartePROFILE OF WOMEN SENTENCED TO DEATHA large majority of women sentenced to death are from ethnic and racial minorities, are non-literate, have intellectual or psychological disabilities, and have experienced gender-based violence. In Gulf and Southeast Asian states, the majority of those sentenced to death are migrants (CCDPW).CRIMES FOR WHICH WOMEN ARE SENTENCED TO DEATHMURDER• Top crime for which women are sentenced to death.• Often committed against a family member in the context of gender-based violence, which is often not considered a mitigating circumstance (CCDPW).DRUG OFFENCES• Second most common crime for which women are on death row, particularly in Asia and the Middle East (CCDPW).• Linked to the economic and social marginalization of women.• Many victims of romance scams (feigning romantic intentions to gain affection and trust before using tricks to manipulate).VIOLATION OF SEXUAL MORALITY• In jurisdictions that apply Sharia law, the crime of zina, the criminalization of consensual sexual relations outside marriage, is used disproportionately to condemn women over men.Other crimes for which women are sentenced to death include terrorism, prostitution, blasphemy, kidnapping, armed robbery, and witchcraft. Intersectionality and the death penalty: disabilityagesexual orientationracecitizenshipgender and gender identity #WomenOnDeathRowGENDER DISCRIMINATION ON DEATH ROWPrisons, designed by and for men, often overlook the specific needs and vulnerabilities of women. Their needs such as sexual and reproductive health, medical and mental care, and protection from gender-based violence are not systematically addressed on death row. In addition, women prisoners are at risk of gender-based violence during their incarceration.The Bangkok Rules,adopted in 2010, are the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of women prisoners. They complement existing international standards on the treatment of prisoners, such as the Mandela Rules.WOMEN, TORTURE ANDTHE DEATH PENALTYTORTURE TO FORCE A CONFESSIONWomen victims of gender-based violence, who are over- represented on death row, are at risk of making false confessions when subjected to coercive interroga- tions, especially those carried out by men.DETENTION CONDITIONSThe specific needs of women, such as sexual and reproductive health, medical and mental health care, and protection against gender-based violence, are not systematically considered. Moreover, violence against women in detention - including sexual abuse and harassment, inappropriate touching during searches, rape, and sexual coercion - can rise to the level of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. #IgnoredNoMore Gender-based bias permeates criminal legal systems. Gender biases manifest themselves:• in the investigative stage by law enforcement biases;• at the trial stage, in which a fair trial may be unavailable for women facing harsh socio-economic deprivation and little access to education;• in sentencing, when women defendants are sentenced to death after being prevented from arguing that gender and patriarchy affected their criminal behavior. UGANDAIn 2022 there were 3 women on death row in Uganda (FHRI and PRI Uganda). In 2018 there were 11. According to Amnesty International, in 2021 at least 135 people were on death row in the country. Women therefore represent between 2 and 8% of death row prisoners. Of the 3 women on death row in 2022, all have been convicted of the crime of murder, oftencarriedoutinthe context of gender-based violence. Despite the prevalence of domestic violence,courts fail toconsider realities of spou- sal abuse to mitigatetheculpabilityofwomen defendants. Sunny Jacobs was sentenced to death with her husband in 1981 for a crime they did not commit. Sunny spent 17 years in a Florida prison, five of them awaiting execution, before her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment."Because I was the only woman with a sentence of death at the time, I was placed in solitary confinement in a separate building from all the rest of the prisoners where I was not allowed any contact with anyone, except the guards who were under orders not to speak with me. My living conditions were much harsher than those of the men’s. [...] I was allowed no contact with other prisoners, I only got out my cell twice a week for a brief shower and a short period outside with a guard who was under orders not to speak to me. I got no commissary, no exercise/ socializing privileges, and I was only allowed two books in my cell - a law book and a Bible. When I discovered that men had many more benefits than I did, I filed a federal lawsuit on the basis of my gender. I ultimately won that lawsuit and had to be allowed similar benefits to men, which they only reluctantly gave me only after transferring me to a diffenrent prison. [...]"Source : shared by Sunny Jacobs with the World Coalition in April 2023 KEY AWARENESS MESSAGESPending full abolition of the death penalty:1 234 5RESSOURCES• Judged for More Than Her Crime: a Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty(Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide)• No One Believed me: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses(Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide) • Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women (Monash University)• Detailed factsheet, Invisible reality of women sentenced to death (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)• Mapping of Women on Death Row(World Coalition Against the Death Penalty) Commute the sentences of women sentenced to death for killing close family members who have perpetrated gender-based violence against them, as well as the sentences of women sentenced to death for drug trafficking and other crimes not involving loss of life.Ensure that the criminal legal system takes full account of any mitigating circumstances linked to women's backgrounds, including evidence of previous violence and psychosocial and intellectual disabilities.Ensure that all persons facing the death penalty have their right to free and effective legal representation respected.Prevent the detention and prosecution of women for "moral and sexual" crimes and of people for their sexual orientation and decriminalize such offenses.In line with the Mandela and Bangkok rules, adopt gender-sensitive policies regarding the detention of women, ensuring their safety and security before trial, during admission to prison and while incarcerated. Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France Tél:+33180877043contact@worldcoalition.orgwww.worldcoaliton.org#WomenOnDeathRow #IgnoredNoMoreworldcoalition@WCADP @worldcoalition [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_Brochure-women-and-death-penalty.pdf ) [251] => Array ( [objectID] => 23041 [title] => Leaflet LGBTQIA+ people and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-lgbtqia-people-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => LGBTQIA+PEOPLE AND THE DEATH PENALTYLGBTQIA+ PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO DISCRIMINATION THROUGHOUT THE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS:LGBTQIA+ people are more often arrested, imprisoned, and placed under surveillance than non-LGBTQIA+ people.In the US, LGBTQIA+ youth make up20%of all youth in the juvenile justice system, compared with 9.5% of the general population (Jones, A, 2021).AND ON DEATH ROW:12countriesTRANS PEOPLE AND THE DEATH PENALTY12 countries still have the death penalty for consensual same-sex sexual relations.LGBTQIA+ people are particularly vulnerable to abuse and mistreatment (WCADP, 2021).www.worldcoaliton.org#OurExistenceIsNotACrime #GenderandDeathPenaltythey account for8%of women sentenced to death.(CCDPW, 2020), while less than 1% of the general population is trans(Flores, A. R., Herman, J.,Gates, G. J. and Brown,T. N., 2016)United StatesWorldwide data on transgender people sentenced to death is largely non-existent. In many jurisdictions, self-identification is not possible.In the United Statestransgender women are overrepresented on death row: carteINTERSECTIONAL DISCRIMINATIONLGBTQIA+ people experience aggravated discriminationdue to other factors of their identity. For example, black transgender people experience higher rates of lifetime incarceration than other transgender people (Grant, J. M., Motter, L. A., & Tanis, J, 2011).Intersectionality and death penaltyINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSUNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE• Recognizes that the criminalization of same-sex sexual relations violates the right to privacy and the right to equality before the law.(Communication No. 488, Toonen v. Australia, 1994)• Recognizes that in no case may the death penalty be applied to punish conduct whose very criminalization violates the Covenant, includinghomosexuality.(General Comment No. 36 on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, concerning the right to life, 2019)UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL• Condemns the imposition of the death penalty as a punishment for consensual same-sex relations.(Resolution A/HRC/36/L.6 on the question of the death penalty, 2017)UNITED NATIONS COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN disabilitycitizenshipracegender and gender identity• Recognizes that the criminalization of same-sex relations violates a woman's right to non-discrimination .(Communication no. 134/2018 Flamer-Caldera v. Sri Lanka, 2022)ageorientationsexual #OurExistenceIsNotACrimeLGBTQIA+ PEOPLE, TORTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTYSEXUAL ABUSELGBTQIA+ people are particularly vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse in prisons, which can amount to torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (CIDT). Trans people may be placed in prisons that do not correspond to their gender, exposing them to rape and other acts of sexual violence. Trans and intersex people are also subjected to invasive strip and search practices to determine their sex.ACCESS TO CAREFailure to address the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ people, including sexual and reproductive health care, gender- affirming care, HIV care, mental health care and protection from gender-based violence, can turn their detention into torture.DETENTION CONDITIONSTrans people are often discriminatorily placed in solitary confinement supposedly to protect them from violence. United Nations experts have condemned long-term isolation as torture (Méndez, J., 2011). #GenderandDeathPenalty Death penalty for consensual same-sex sexual relations12countriesSame-sex sexual relations are punishable by death in 12 countries, the majority of which prohibit such acts only between men, and six of which actually implement the death penalty (ECPM, 2022). CASE OF SAREH SEDIGHI- HAMADANI ANDELHAM CHUBDAR IRAN October 2021Iranian authorities arrest LGBTQIA+ rights activist Zahra Sedighi- Hamadani, known as Sareh. They were accused of "promoting homosexuality". A few days later, their friend Elham Chubdar was also accused of "encouraging corruption and prostitution".September 2022Sareh and Elham are sentenced to death for "corruption on Earth", based on evidence obtained through forced confessions and other acts of torture.March 2023They are released on bail but still have to go through the courts.December 2022Death sentence overturned following intense public and international mobilization. KEY AWARENESS MESSAGES 1 234 5Pending complete abolition, declare a de jure moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and, in the meantime, commute all death sentences.Decriminalize consensual same sex sexual relations between adults of the same sex and gender diversity and repeal all other discriminatory laws against LGBTQIA+ people.Commute the sentences of all persons convicted of these crimes, release any individualdetainedundertheselaws,and instruct prosecutors and police to cease prosecutions and arrests on these charges.Ensure that the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ prisoners are met and that they are protected from all forms of abuse, harassment, and violence.Institute prison and judicial policies to recognize and affirm the gender identity of trans prisoners and prevent and investigate discriminatory treatment, torture, and CIDT.RESSOURCES• State-sanctioned murder of sexual minorities (Monash University)• Love is not a crime (Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort)• Guide to transgender people facing the death penalty (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)• State killing of same-sex attracted people: A pluralist legal account (University of Cambridge)• Briefing note: Abolish the death penalty and end its arbitrary use to punish LGBTIQ people (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association Asia)• Defending Women and Transgender People Facing Extreme Penalties: A Practical Guide (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide) Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France Tél:+33180877043contact@worldcoalition.orgwww.worldcoaliton.org#OurExistenceIsNotACrime #GenderandDeathPenaltyworldcoalition@WCADP @worldcoalition [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_Brochure-LGBTQIA_-and-the-death-penalty.pdf ) [252] => Array ( [objectID] => 23026 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2023! [timestamp] => 1695168000 [date] => 20/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2023/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/19-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-events-map-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Take action now! The 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. [texte] => Take action now!The 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. (more…) "Take Action for World Day 2023!" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [253] => Array ( [objectID] => 22999 [title] => UN Special Procedures toolkit – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/referral-to-the-un-special-procedures-on-torture-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). Find out how to work with them here. [texte] => 21st WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYREFERRAL TO THE SPECIAL PROCEDURES OF THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL:TORTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTYI. Introduction: What are the UN special procedures and how do they work?II. Why civil society organizations should use UN special procedures?III. How do I request an intervention from the special procedures?IV. How can we ensure that the intersectional discrimination faced by women andLGBTQIA+ people on death row is made visible in the use of the UN Special Procedures?AnnexI. Introduction: What are the UN special procedures and how do they work?Although the methods in this tool are applicable to many other issues beyond capital punishment, this practical guide has been written on the occasion of the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty. It aims to provide guidelines on how to engage with the United Nations (UN) special procedures to draw attention to the link between the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). This tool is intended for lawyers and civil society organizations who may be interested in working with the various UN human rights mechanisms, including the special procedures, but may not know how to get started. It was written by the International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) with contributions from Amnesty International, Penal Reform International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Torture, which is strictly prohibited in all circumstances by Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a peremptory norm of international law and thus cannot be derogated. Nevertheless, the death penalty is recognized as lawful under international law, if applied in full compliance with international restrictions and safeguards, as per the narrowly construed exception under article 6 to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Various reflections and interpretations of the international law today point to a growing recognition of the death penalty as a form of torture or other CIDTP. 1There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC).Special procedures are established by the HRC to examine, monitor, report and make recommendations on the human rights situation in a specific country or territory, or on a thematic area. They are comprised of independent human rights experts or groups of experts, who operate independently of governments, thereby playing an important role in monitoring the authorities and their policies around the world. As of 24 April, 2023, there are 59 special procedures: 45 thematic mandates1 and 14 country mandates.2To establish the link between the death penalty and torture, the following most relevant thematic mandates can be identified3 (although many other thematic mandates related to the death penalty exist):• the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.• the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions.• the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.A directory of special procedures mandate holders is available on the website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).4Special procedures mandate holders carry titles of special rapporteurs or independent experts. However, some procedures consist of working groups, which are composed of five members, with one from each UN regional group. Mandate holders act in their personal capacity, which means they are not paid for their work and do not represent their country of nationality. Nevertheless, they are usually supported by a UN staff member.5The special procedures have four main tools at their disposal:1. Communications: One of the tools of the special procedures is direct communication with governments or other actors (such as companies or intergovernmental organizations like the EU) through letters addressing specific cases of human rights violations6. The special procedures act upon information received from relevant and credible sources, from NGOs or individuals acting in a personal capacity. In these letters, attention is drawn to allegations of human rights violations and requests for clarification are made to the government. The letters may touch upon:7a. Past human rights violations – also called “letters of allegation.”1 List of thematic mandates:https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?Type=TM&lang=En2 List of country mandates: https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?lang=En3 Detailed information on these thematic mandates is available in the annex to this document.4 Directory of special procedures mandate holders: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/VisualDirectoryJuly2020_en.pdf5 Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council: https://ijrcenter.org/un-special-procedures/6 What can a letter consist of? This letter was drafted by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders in November 2018: https://academy.ishr.ch/upload/resources_and_tools/SP_module_sample_communicationsUA_TURKMEKISTAN.p df7 For more information about the communications: https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures-human-rights- council/what-are-communications 2b. Current or potential human rights violations – also called “urgent appeals.”c. Concerns regarding legislation that does not meet international standards –referred as “other letters.”Independent experts have submitted communications regarding individuals who have been subjected to torture and sentenced to death. An example of such a case is the following:-Case of Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Faraj (Saudi Arabia), 25 February 20228“We also wish to respectfully express our concern at the reported case of Mr. Al-Faraj who appears to have been sentenced to death without due process and fair trial, including lack of access to adequate legal assistance, therefore contrary to Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); could not resort to any remedy to challenge the lawfulness of his detention (Article 9, UDHR); and was allegedly subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and was forced to sign a confession under torture, contrary to Articles 1, 2, 15 and 16 of the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), which was ratified by Saudi Arabia in 1997.”2. Country visits: Special procedures may seek agreement of a government to visit a country in order to observe and understand the human rights context. During such visits, they meet with relevant parties, including government officials and civil society organizations (human rights defenders, NGOs, lawyers, journalists, etc.). Many states have issued a standing invitation allowing any mandate holder to visit, so that their collaboration with the special procedures is strengthened.9 The special procedures can also provide advice for technical cooperation. Civil society can take action before a visit, by requesting the special procedures to focus on a particular country, or by sharing with them information to help them prepare for a planned visit. Furthermore, civil society organizations can monitor the dissemination of the visit’s report and the implementation of its recommendations.3. Annual reports and thematic studies: all special procedures submit an annual report to the Human Rights Council. These reports detail the work undertaken by the experts over the course of the year, including communications and country visits, and analyze emerging trends. Mandate holders present these reports in plenary sessions, before entering in an interactive dialogue with States and NGOs. Most of the reports are also presented to the UN General Assembly. They often include a study on a topic related to the mandate of the specific special procedure. These thematic studies are based on information gathered during investigations, dialogues with States, and contributions or calls from civil society organizations, and participate in the development of international human rights law.8 Communication about Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Farajhttps://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=271139 Updated list of States that have issued a standing invitation to the Special Procedures -https://spinternet.ohchr.org/StandingInvitations.aspx?lang=En 3For example, the previous Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Juan E. Méndez, made the link between torture and the death penalty in his report published August 9, 2012. As such, he stated in the said report that:“[...] especially relevant to the emergence of a customary norm to consider the death penalty as running afoul of the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, is evidence of a consistent global practice by States that reflects the view that the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in breach of those standards is a violation per se of the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. This conclusion originates from the fact that international law does not attribute a different value to the right to life of different groups of human beings, such as juveniles, persons with mental disabilities, pregnant women or persons sentenced after an unfair trial, but considers the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in such cases as particularly cruel, inhuman and degrading and in violation of article 7 of the Covenant and articles 1 and 16 of the Convention against Torture.”104. Press releases: Special Procedures can also engage in advocacy and raise public awareness regarding situations of concerns through press releases and statements, including by calling on [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/WD2023_How_to_Mecanismes_ONU_EN_v1.pdf ) [254] => Array ( [objectID] => 22985 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 53rd session [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-53rd-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 53rd Regular Session from June 19 to July 14, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 53rd Regular Session from June 19 to July 14, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 53rd session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [255] => Array ( [objectID] => 22963 [title] => Increase in the number of executions, but clear progress toward abolition in 2022 [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/amnesty-international-report-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/amnesty-annual-report-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 16 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall number and trends in sentencing and executions in 2022. [texte] => On 16 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall number and trends in sentencing and executions in 2022. (more…) "Increase in the number of executions, but clear progress toward abolition in 2022" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [256] => Array ( [objectID] => 22943 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: Alarming Increase in Executions [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-iran-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/iran-annual-report-22-500x250.jpg [extrait] => As of 12 September 2023, Iran Human Rights reported that at least 499 people, including 13 women were executed in 2023, which represents an alarming rise compared to the same period in 2022. [texte] => As of 12 September 2023, Iran Human Rights reported that at least 499 people, including 13 women were executed in 2023, which represents an alarming rise compared to the same period in 2022. (more…) "Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: Alarming Increase in Executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [257] => Array ( [objectID] => 22906 [title] => Kurdistan without Genocide [timestamp] => 1694131200 [date] => 08/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kurdistan-without-genocide/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/kurdistan-without-genocide_logo.jpg [extrait] => Kurdistan without Genocide-KWG is non-govermental and non profite orgnisation working for human wright and against the genocide that was established in kurdistan regoing of Iraq in 2013. KWG is working to achive below goals: 1.Getting international recognition for the crimes perpetrated against the Kurdish people. 2.Nationalization of genocide events in Kurdistan to create a human […] [texte] => Kurdistan without Genocide-KWG is non-govermental and non profite orgnisation working for human wright and against the genocide that was established in kurdistan regoing of Iraq in 2013. KWG is working to achive below goals:1.Getting international recognition for the crimes perpetrated against the Kurdish people.2.Nationalization of genocide events in Kurdistan to create a human friendly awareness in the community in order to prevent recurrences.3.Prosecution of criminals ; genocide and ethnic cleansing planners, implementers , accomplices through internal or external courts.4.Working to abolish the death penalty in Kurdistan, Iraq and the Middle East.5.Working for a country without weapons and violence. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [258] => Array ( [objectID] => 22895 [title] => Organisation Contre la Torture en Tunisie – OCTT [timestamp] => 1694131200 [date] => 08/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/organisation-contre-la-torture-en-tunisie-octt/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Logo-OCTT-vectoriel-500x707.jpg [extrait] => The OCTT has been campaigning since its creation in 2003 against torture in all its forms and in particular the death penalty and against impunity. The OCTT develops strategies and programs to promote human rights and eradicate torture and ill-treatment and against any violation of physical and moral integrity and primarily the right to life. […] [texte] => The OCTT has been campaigning since its creation in 2003 against torture in all its forms and in particular the death penalty and against impunity. The OCTT develops strategies and programs to promote human rights and eradicate torture and ill-treatment and against any violation of physical and moral integrity and primarily the right to life. The organization's action is articulated around several axes: including awareness and advocacy for legislative reform to eradicate torture, impunity and the abolition of the death penalty [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [259] => Array ( [objectID] => 22870 [title] => World Coalition Publishes Country Mapping Report on Women on Death Row [timestamp] => 1694131200 [date] => 08/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-publishes-country-mapping-report-on-women-on-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/maping-women-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => To obtain a global view of existing data on women sentenced to death, the World Coalition carried out a systematization exercise of new data, compiled in a report published in August 2023. [texte] => To obtain a global view of existing data on women sentenced to death, the World Coalition carried out a systematization exercise of new data, compiled in a report published in August 2023. (more…) "World Coalition Publishes Country Mapping Report on Women on Death Row" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [260] => Array ( [objectID] => 22858 [title] => Hope Behind Bars Africa [timestamp] => 1693872000 [date] => 05/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hope-behind-bars-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/HBBA-logo.png [extrait] => Hope Behind Bars Africa provides free legal services and direct support to indigent individuals in contact with the justice system while promoting criminal justice reforms through research, evidence-based advocacy, and technology. [texte] => Hope Behind Bars Africa provides free legal services and direct support to indigent individuals in contact with the justice system while promoting criminal justice reforms through research, evidence-based advocacy, and technology. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [261] => Array ( [objectID] => 22847 [title] => From Lynch Mobs to the Killing State : Race and the Death Penalty in America [timestamp] => 1692835200 [date] => 24/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-lynch-mobs-to-the-killing-state-race-and-the-death-penalty-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 1976, over forty percent of prisoners executed in American jails have been African American or Hispanic. This trend shows little evidence of diminishing, and follows a larger pattern of the violent criminalization of African American populations that has marked the country's history of punishment.In a bold attempt to tackle the looming question of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, Ogletree and Sarat headline an interdisciplinary cast of experts in reflecting on this disturbing issue. Insightful original essays approach the topic from legal, historical, cultural, and social science perspectives to show the ways that the death penalty is racialized, the places in the death penalty process where race makes a difference, and the ways that meanings of race in the United States are constructed in and through our practices of capital punishment.From Lynch Mobs to the Killing State not only uncovers the ways that race influences capital punishment, but also attempts to situate the linkage between race and the death penalty in the history of this country, in particular the history of lynching. In its probing examination of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, this book forces us to consider how the death penalty gives meaning to race as well as why the racialization of the death penalty is uniquely American. [texte] => Since 1976, over forty percent of prisoners executed in American jails have been African American or Hispanic. This trend shows little evidence of diminishing, and follows a larger pattern of the violent criminalization of African American populations that has marked the country's history of punishment.In a bold attempt to tackle the looming question of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, Ogletree and Sarat headline an interdisciplinary cast of experts in reflecting on this disturbing issue. Insightful original essays approach the topic from legal, historical, cultural, and social science perspectives to show the ways that the death penalty is racialized, the places in the death penalty process where race makes a difference, and the ways that meanings of race in the United States are constructed in and through our practices of capital punishment.From Lynch Mobs to the Killing State not only uncovers the ways that race influences capital punishment, but also attempts to situate the linkage between race and the death penalty in the history of this country, in particular the history of lynching. In its probing examination of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, this book forces us to consider how the death penalty gives meaning to race as well as why the racialization of the death penalty is uniquely American. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://nyupress.org/9780814740224/from-lynch-mobs-to-the-killing-state/ ) [262] => Array ( [objectID] => 22848 [title] => The Road to Abolition?: The Future of Capital Punishment in the United States [timestamp] => 1692835200 [date] => 24/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-road-to-abolition-the-future-of-capital-punishment-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At the start of the twenty-first century, America is in the midst of a profound national reconsideration of the death penalty. There has been a dramatic decline in the number of people being sentenced to death as well as executed, exonerations have become common, and the number of states abolishing the death penalty is on the rise. The essays featured in The Road to Abolition? track this shift in attitudes toward capital punishment, and consider whether or not the death penalty will ever be abolished in America.The interdisciplinary group of experts gathered by Charles J. Ogletree Jr., and Austin Sarat ask and attempt to answer the hard questions that need to be addressed if the death penalty is to be abolished. Will the death penalty end only to be replaced with life in prison without parole? Will life without the possibility of parole become, in essence, the new death penalty? For abolitionists, might that be a pyrrhic victory? The contributors discuss how the death penalty might be abolished, with particular emphasis on the current debate over lethal injection as a case study on why and how the elimination of certain forms of execution might provide a model for the larger abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => Google iconMicrosoft iconSkip to Main ContentHave library access?JSTOR HomeRegisterWorkspaceSearchBrowseToolsAboutSupportCover of The Road to Abolition?: The Future of Capital Punishment in the United StatesThe Road to Abolition?: The Future of Capital Punishment in the United StatesCharles J. OgletreeAustin SaratCopyright Date: 2009Published by: NYU PressPages: 384https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887Search for reviews of this bookThis is a preview page.Login through your institution for access.Table of ContentsSelect all Front Matter (pp. i-vi) Front Matter (pp. i-vi) https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.1Table of Contents(pp. vii-viii)Table of Contents(pp. vii-viii)https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.2Acknowledgments(pp. ix-x)Acknowledgments(pp. ix-x)https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.3Introduction: Toward and Beyond the Abolition of Capital Punishment(pp. 1-16)Introduction: Toward and Beyond the Abolition of Capital Punishment(pp. 1-16)Charles J. Ogletree Jr. and Austin Sarathttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.4Civil societies have historically tried to distinguish the crime of murder from other offenses. Typically, murder has been subject to the most severe punishment and most intense public outcry. Countries with vastly different forms of government and systems of punishment find common ground on the seriousness of the crime committed by a person who causes another human being’s death. The twentieth century, though, witnessed yet another kind of convergence around murder: nations of every political persuasion ended their use of death as a punishment for murder and other crimes.¹ They declared the death penalty to be unconstitutional, unacceptably cruel, or...PART I. ASSESSING THE PROSPECTS FOR ABOLITION 1 The Executioner’s Waning Defenses (pp. 19-45) 1 The Executioner’s Waning Defenses (pp. 19-45) Michael L. Radelet https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.5 Hugo Adam Bedau, my mentor, friend, and hero, turned 82 years old in 2008. I began research on capital punishment in 1979, when I was 28. If I am lucky enough to live as long as Hugo already has, I will have a 54-year career of death penalty work. Consequently, this essay is (more or less) my midway report and reflection on where we are on the road to abolition. My guess is that when I turn Hugo’s age in 2032, the only scholars writing about “The Death Penalty in America”¹ will be historians. How can that optimism be justified?...2 Blinded by Science on the Road to Abolition?(pp. 46-71)2 Blinded by Science on the Road to Abolition?(pp. 46-71)Simon A. Cole and Jay D. Aronsonhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.6The central conceit of this essay is that the rhetorical invocation of science has been crucial to whatever recent progress the United States has made along the “road to abolition.” Here we focus on three important milestones. First is what has been called the “innocence revolution,” the harnessing of public awareness of wrongful convictions to stir up opposition to capital punishment based on the possibility of executing the innocent.¹ This trend has rested heavily on the “epistemological certainty” of DNA evidence.² Second was the recent (but temporary) de facto moratorium on executions generated by legal challenges to lethal injection protocols....3 Abolition in the United States by 2050: On Political Capital and Ordinary Acts of Resistance(pp. 72-96)3 Abolition in the United States by 2050: On Political Capital and Ordinary Acts of Resistance(pp. 72-96)Bernard E. Harcourthttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.7Is the United States on the road to abolition, and, if so, by when will it have abolished the death penalty? The federal structure of the United States complicates the answer to these questions; nevertheless, recent trends in the United States and within the larger international community suggest that the country is headed toward abolition of capital punishment. In all likelihood, a number of retentionist states will converge toward abolition over the course of the next 20 years. The combination of this domestic shift and the legal and political pressure of the international community will likely result in the U.S....4 The Beginning of the End?(pp. 97-138)4 The Beginning of the End?(pp. 97-138)Carol S. Steiker and Jordan M. Steikerhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.8Is nationwide abolition of capital punishment a realistic prospect in the United States? This question has taken on new urgency as the United States has become increasingly isolated in its retention and use of the death penalty. Most nations of the world—including many third-world countries—have abolished the death penalty, leaving the United States as theonlyWestern industrialized nation in the world to formally retain the practice. Moreover, our retention is not merely formal: even recently, after death sentences and executions have declined for several years in a row, we have witnessed, on average, approximately one execution each...5 Rocked but Still Rolling: The Enduring Institution of Capital Punishment in Historical and Comparative Perspective(pp. 139-180)5 Rocked but Still Rolling: The Enduring Institution of Capital Punishment in Historical and Comparative Perspective(pp. 139-180)Michael McCann and David T. Johnsonhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.9The abolition of capital punishment is a much discussed but complicated concept, and the standards for measuring where the United States is on the road to abolition are far from obvious. For one thing, a de facto halt in executions could (and often does) occur without a de jure prohibition of the death penalty. As of the end of 2007, some 33 nation-states had gone at least 10 years without a judicial execution, and many others had so greatly narrowed the category of crimes eligible for capital punishment and so limited prosecution of those crimes that they were essentially abolitionist...PART II. DEBATING LETHAL INJECTION 6 For Execution Methods Challenges, the Road to Abolition Is Paved with Paradox (pp. 183-214) 6 For Execution Methods Challenges, the Road to Abolition Is Paved with Paradox (pp. 183-214) Deborah W. Denno https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.10 The death penalty’s popularity has waned appreciably in recent years. Whether because of disturbing discoveries of innocence among death row inmates, the narrowing of the classes of individuals eligible for execution, racial disparities, botched executions, or other reasons, the courts and the public have shown more skepticism of the capital punishment process in the twenty-first century than they have since the early 1970s.¹ Riding high on the momentum of this snowballing development are challenges to lethal injection under the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause.² According to one death penalty commentator, these challenges “have already held up more executions,...7 Perfect Execution: Abolitionism and the Paradox of Lethal Injection(pp. 215-251)7 Perfect Execution: Abolitionism and the Paradox of Lethal Injection(pp. 215-251)Timothy V. Kaufman-Osbornhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.11The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling inBaze v. Rees,which affirmed the constitutionality of Kentucky’s lethal injection protocol, represented a setback, if not an outright defeat, for foes of the death penalty in the United States. Most obviously, the plurality opinion rejected the petitioners’ proposed standard, which contended that the Eighth Amendment prohibits execution methods that pose an “unnecessary risk of pain” in light of available alternatives.¹ Instead, Chief Justice John Roberts declared that, in order to constitute cruel and unusual punishment, a protocol must create “a demonstrated risk of severe pain,” and there must exist “feasible” and “readily available”...8 “No Improvement over Electrocution or Even a Bullet”: Lethal Injection and the Meaning of Speed and Reliability in the Modern Execution Process(pp. 252-278)8 “No Improvement over Electrocution or Even a Bullet”: Lethal Injection and the Meaning of Speed and Reliability in the Modern Execution Process(pp. 252-278)Jürgen Martschukathttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.12“The debate over capital punishment has reached a tipping point,” the editors ofLancetcharacterized the current situation in the February 2007 issue of their magazine, which is top ranked among medical publications.¹ For years, wrongful convictions and a steadily growing number of exonerations from death row had raised concerns about capital punishment, before confusing revelations about lethal injection had taken the death penalty system in the United States closer to the brink of collapse. In the late 1970s, after theGreggdecision by the Supreme Court and the return of capital punishment to the United States, it had been...PART III. PUTTING THE DEATH PENALTY IN CONTEXT 9 Torture, War, and Capital Punishment: Linkages and Missed Connections (pp. 281-318) 9 Torture, War, and Capital Punishment: Linkages and Missed Connections (pp. 281-318) Robin Wagner-Pacifici https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.13 May 2008. The presidential primary campaigns are in full swing in the United States. Mortgage foreclosures, high gas prices, the war in Iraq, and health care dominate the campaign debates and policy pronouncements. Meanwhile, crucial decisions are made by current incumbents of the three branches of government and its administrative and military agencies about the constitutionality of forms of state execution, specifically lethal injections, and forms of “unlawful enemy combatant” interrogation, specifically waterboarding. The Supreme Court has recently released its decision on the lethal injection protocol challenge (Baze v. Rees); another death-row inmate (three in the past several months) in...10 Making Difference: Modernity and the Political Formations of Death(pp. 319-348)10 Making Diffe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887 ) [263] => Array ( [objectID] => 22801 [title] => World Coalition Strategic Plan 2023-2027 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-strategic-plan-2023-2027/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => ______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 1 / 16Strategic Plan 2023-2027for the Movementfor worldwide Abolitionof the Death Penalty______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 2 / 16TABLE OF CONTENTI- Introduction and methodology …………………………………………………. p.3II- Objectives of the movement for worldwide abolition of the death penalty p.41) Abolition of the death penalty2) Ratification of abolitionist treaties3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty4) Worldwide moratorium on executions5) Preventing resumption of executions6) Reducing the use of capital punishment7) Encouraging more transparencyIII- Objectives of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ……………. p.6A. Coordinating international advocacyB. Sharing information, contact and solidarityC. Building best practicesD. Leading global campaigns and supporting and amplifying nationalcampaignsIV- Organizational objectives ……………………………………………………… p.12E. Good governance and power sharingF. Funding abolition of the death penalty______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 3 / 16I- Introduction and methodologyAs the World Coalition celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2022, it worked on its 2nd strategic plan.This year long process was fully participatory with multiple consultations, to ensure that itreflected the World Coalition’s member organizations true needs and hopes.It is also based on the recommendations of external evaluators of projects ended in 2021. Overallfeedback was very positive, with strong engagement from member organizations and constructivesuggestions.What Is Different About this New Strategy?The mission, vision and guiding principles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty re-main the same. However, member organization of the World Coalition have decided to reduce thenumber of objectives for abolition from 12 to 7 and to clarify the key role of the World Coalitionand its unique place in the death penalty abolition movement.This second Strategic Plan will be the vehicle to debate and consolidate the will of the death penaltyabolition movement and a tool to promote transparent and efficient communication. The plan is thebasis for political and managerial accountability towards the membership, donors, otherstakeholders and most importantly, people on death row and victims of the death penalty system.However, it is not set in stone and remains flexible and adaptable to the changes of the globalgeopolitical context. The World Coalition will be able to seize any opportunities that may arise evenif they were not anticipated in this plan.This Strategic Plan will be the basis for annual action plans with specific priorities, activities, targetcountries, detailed indicators and expected results.The governance of the World Coalition will also develop to ensure that the relevant policies,programs, and processes of the World Coalition are aligned with the principles of equality, diversityand inclusiveness as well as the rule of law, human rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals1.1 Preamble of the Bylaws of the World Coalition, as amended in 2019.Adoption of methodology(December 2021 -Steering Committee)• Working Group open toall members (Jan –Aug 2022)Consultation(May-August 2022 - allmembers and partners)• 75 onlinequestionnaires filled infrom all regions of theworld• 27 interviewsFeedback on theconsultation• Sept. 2022 -SteeringCommittee• Nov. 2022 - allmembersStrategic discussions on the 4 main rolesof the World Coalition (Steering Committeeand all members during the Nov. 2022World Congress)Adoption of the Strategic Plan 2023-2027(January 2023 - Steering Committee)______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 4 / 16II- The movement for worldwide abolition of the death penaltyWhat/who do we mean by “the abolitionist movement”?All the entities working in concert for the universal abolition of the death penalty: Civil SocietyOrganizations, NGOs, Bar Associations, Trade Unions, United Nation Bodies, RegionalIntergovernmental Bodies, Abolitionist Countries, Universities, Foundations and Businesses…What do we mean by “the World Coalition”?The World Coalition is made of over 160 independent member organizations which meet for aGeneral Assembly every two years and elect a Steering Committee of 25 memberorganizations, which elect among its members an Executive Board of 5 people, whichsupervise a Secretariat made up of 4 salaried staff and 1 or two interns.Mission: The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s founding mission, as stated in itsBylaws, is to bring together private, public, international, national, local and regionalorganizations that share the common objective of universal abolition of the deathpenalty.Vision: The World Coalition’s vision is that of a reference global network trusted worldwide tocoordinate, support and amplify the work of its member organisations towards universalabolition of the death penalty.Guiding Principles: The World Coalition provides a global dimension to the sometimesisolated action taken by its member organizations on the ground. It complements theirinitiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.What is the difference between the World Coalition and its member organizations?Each member organization is independent from the World Coalition, they exist outside of theWorld Coalition and decide to voluntarily join. Each organization has specific areas or expertiseand geographical focus, it has its own governance structure and its own programming,activities and core work.There is a great diversity among member organizations, in terms of size, area of work,geography and structure. The common denominator though is that they are all organizationscommitted to worldwide abolition of the death penalty.Founding members of the World Coalition created it 20 years ago with a very specific mandateto “strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty”.Since then, the World Coalition has been playing a critical role in making the agendas andresources of the various member organizations align around some selected priorities or"campaigns", such as the World Day Against the Death Penalty.When World Coalition’s member organizations carry out their own agenda and activities, theyare not considered as the “World Coalition”, but a part of the larger abolitionist movement.When they take an active part in the activities coordinated by the Secretariat, they are the“World Coalition”.______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 5 / 16What do we want to do collectively as a movement?The consultation reaffirmed the ultimate goal for full abolition of the death penalty for all crimes allover the world. The following objectives are only meant as a step towards this goal:1) Abolition of the death penalty country by countryIndicator: 5 countries abolish the death penalty in law within the next 5 years2) Ratification of abolitionist treatiesIndicator: 5 countries ratify an abolitionist treaty within the next 5 years3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries(for all crimes and ordinary crimes)Indicator: No abolitionist country reintroduces the death penalty within the next 5 years4) Worldwide moratorium on executionsIndicator: 129 countries vote in favour of the UNGA moratorium resolution in 20265) Preventing resumption of executions in countries that are abolitionist in practice,including through advocating for official moratorium, with a view to abolishing the deathpenaltyIndicator: No abolitionist in practice country resume executions within the next 5 years6) Reducing the use of capital punishment in retentionist countries as a step towardsabolitionWhile the main objective remains full abolition of the death penalty for all crimes, in countries thatstill actively use the death penalty, intermediary objectives are more likely to be achieved in thenext 5 years, such as reducing the number of crimes punishable by death, abolition of themandatory death penalty, banning the death sentences and executions of juveniles, reducing cruelmethods of executions, improving fair trial rights, the independence of the judiciary, penal reform,increase use of pardons, clemency, and commutations of death sentences to reduce the numberof people on death row and the number of people executedIndicators:20% decrease of the number of people executed in 5 years10% decrease in the number of new confirmed death sentences in 5 years7) Encouraging more transparency regarding the use of the death penalty inretentionist countriesIndicator: 5 retentionist countries make available relevant information in a report to the UnitedNations, “disaggregated by sex, age, disability, nationality and race, as applicable, and otherapplicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of personssentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the location of their detention, andthe number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted onappeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, and according to which procedure, aswell as information on any scheduled execution” (2022 UNGA Moratorium ResolutionA/RES/77/222, 7.c)______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 6 / 16III- The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s main roles and ob-jectivesA. A network to coordinate international advocacy for abolitionObjective: Coordinate international advocacy to promote the prohibition of the death penaltyin international human rights lawThe World Coalition will work with its member organizations to:- Ensure that reliable and systematic information on how the use of the death penaltyin each country violate international human rights law is provided to every relevanthuman rights mechanisms- Contribute to the implementation at the national level of commitments to abolish thedeath penalty made at t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN-WCADP-StrategicPlan2023-2027.pdf ) [264] => Array ( [objectID] => 22792 [title] => Impact of the World Coalition’s Strategic Plan 2018–2022 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/impact-of-the-world-coalitions-strategic-plan-2018-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => (Impact of theStrategic Plan2018 – 2022World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyMundo M - 47 avenue Pasteur - 93100 Montreuil – Francewww.worldcoalition.org_____________________Impact Assessment – Strategy 2018 - 2022 2/12(Table of ContentIntroduction p2Specific Objectives, Expected Results and Indicators p3Securing Abolition p3Promoting moratoria on executions in view of full abolition p5Limiting the use of the death penalty p7Action Plan p10Conclusions p12(IntroductionIn 2018, the World Coalition adopted its first Strategic Plan with specific objectives, expectedresults and indicators. 5 years later, it is time to assess if these have been achieved, and ifthey have not, why and what was learned in the process.__________________________________3/18 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty(Specific Objectives, Expected Results and IndicatorsA. SECURING ABOLITIONBecause in some places, the very idea of the abolition of the death penalty was under threat,the World Coalition wanted to secure abolition and to strengthen the growing trend towardsabolition.1) Abolition of the death penalty Indicator: 5 countries abolish the death penalty between 2018 and 2022 (oneper year on average) Target countries set in 2017:1. Burkina Faso2. Cuba3. Gambia4. Ghana5. Niger6. Sierra Leone7. Sri Lanka8. Tajikistan9. Tanzania10. Thailand11. Uganda12. 3 US states13. Zimbabwe Results: Since January 2018, 9 countries and 4 US States have abolishedthe death penalty according to Amnesty International: Burkina Faso (for ordinary crimes only) in 2018 State of Washington (declared unconstitutional) in 2018 State of New Hampshire in 2019 Chad in 2020 State of Colorado in 2020 Suriname (for all crimes) in 2021 State of Virginia in 2021 Kazakhstan (for all crimes) in 2022 Papua New Guinea in 2022 Sierra Leone in 2022 Central African Republic in 2022 Equatorial Guinea (for ordinary crimes only) in 2022 Zambia (for ordinary crimes only) in 2022Lessons learnt:The abolitionist trend is growing faster than anticipated, with several countries abolishing in2022 after years of internal processes- possibly catching up from the COVID-19 pandemicperiod. In Sierra Leone, the bill for abolition was passed in the Parliament in 2021 but the lawwas only promulgated in 2022. There also seems to be a snow-ball effect in West Africa and_____________________Impact Assessment – Strategy 2018 - 2022 4/12Southern Africa where several countries are taking steps towards abolition at the same time,following the examples of recent abolitions, and were civil society has been able to sharestrategies and best practices to advocate for these steps.2) Ratification of abolitionist treatiesBecause even abolition in law is sometimes questioned afterward, the World Coalitionwanted to continue its ratification campaign for the international and regional treatiesprohibiting the use of the death penalty. Indicator: 10 new countries have ratified a treaty by the end of 2022 (2countries per year on average) Target countries:1. Angola2. Armenia3. Cambodia4. Congo(Republicof)5. Coted’Ivoire6. Gambia7. Guatemala8. Guinea9. Haiti10. Morocco11. Samoa12. Suriname Results: Since January 2018, 5 countries have ratified OP2-ICCPR1:Gambia (2018); Angola (2019); State of Palestine (2019); Armenia (2021) and Kazakhstan(2022)Why and lessons learned:Only one country per year on average ratified OP2-ICCPR. No country ratified in 2020 andthis is possibly linked to COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed during that time, several processesneeded to secure ratification were stalled : legislative process was impacted, participation inthe United Nations Treaty Event in New York to deposit the instruments of ratification withthe UN Secretary Geneal was impossible. Also governemnts worldwide had other priorities.Finally, the Word Coalition was unable to organize advocacy missions in target countries fortwo years and previous evaluations of the campaign have shown that these were critical insecuring ratification in countries where it was a low priority for the governement.3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penaltyBecause in some abolitionist countries, calls to reintroduce the death penalty had increased,the World Coalition wanted to make sure that abolition would prevail. Indicator: no country reintroduces the death penalty between 2018 and 20221 https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20I/Chapter%20IV/IV-12.en.pdf__________________________________5/18 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty Target countries:1. Israel2. Mongolia3. Philippines4. Turkey Results: No abolitionist countries in law reintroduced the death penaltybetween 2018 and 2022Lessons learned: What we learned in the countries at risk campaign is that ratification ofinternational and regional protocols to abolish the death penalty is really key in securingabolition in the long term. In Mongolia, the Philippines, Turkey and also in Brazil, willingnessto use the death penalty at the highest level was stopped thanks to these treaties. In thePhilippines for example, two bills passed the House of representatives but were stopped at theSenate precisely because of the Philippines’ ratification of OP2-ICCPR and the internationalcommitment not to reintroduce it. We also learned that ratifying several of these treaties, bothregional and international protocols, is even more secure. In Brazil, which has ratified theProtocol to the American Charter for Human Rights on abolition and OP2-ICCPR, and inTurkey, which has ratified Protocol 6 and Protocol 13 to the European Convention for HumanRights as well as OP2-ICCPR, the authorities felt that they could not even push for a bill inparliament.As a consequence, the ratification campaign will be strengthen in the next 5 years to makesure that all abolitionist countries have also ratified at least one international treaty to secureabolition in the long term.B. PROMOTING MORATORIA ON EXECUTIONS IN VIEW OF FULL ABOLITIONBecause in some countries, abolition was not likely on the short term, the World Coalitionwanted to promote the right to life and encourage moratorium on executions.4) Contributing to a worldwide moratorium on executions Indicator: 120 countries vote in favour of the UNGA moratorium resolution (1new vote per resolution – 3 resolutions 2018, 2020 and 2022, 1 new abolitionistcountry per year) Target countries:2018: DRC / Niger2020: Morocco / Tanzania / Zambia2022: Equatorial Guinea / Kenya Results: 125 countries voted in favor of the 2022 UNGA moratoriumresolution, including Equatorial Guinea. Niger had voted yes in 2018 but abstained in 2022._____________________Impact Assessment – Strategy 2018 - 2022 6/12Lessons learned:The abolitionist trend is growing faster than anticipated, and as a result, more countries votedin favor of the resolution. Equatorial Guinea is a good illustration of this: they abolished thedeath penalty prior to the vote in New York and voted in favor of the resolution. Zambiaabolished just after the vote and abstained during the vote when it had voted against before.As a consequence, the moratorium campaign will target more specifically recent abolitionistcountries or countries that have taken steps towards abolition and not so much long timeabolitionist in practice countries.5) Encouraging official moratorium Indicator: 2 countries officially declare a moratorium on executions over thenext 5 years Target countries:1. Belarus2. DRC3. South Korea4. Taiwan Results: 2 countries officially declared a moratorium on executions: Malaysiaand Gambia in 2018, still in place at the end of 20226) Preventing resumption of executions Indicator: no abolitionist in practice countries resume executions Target countries:1. Cameroon2. Liberia3. Maldives4. Papua New Guinea Results: No target countries reintroduced the death penalty between 2018and 2022. Papua New Guinea abolished the death penalty in 2022. In Liberia, the Senatepassed a bill to abolish the death penalty in the penal code also in 2022 and the Maldiveshave confirmed their commitment to a moratorium on executions.However, Myanmar, which was classified as an abolitionist country in practice by AmnestyInternational, executed 4 people in 2022, for the first time in four decades.Lessons learned:What we learned in the countries at risk campaign is that the best way to prevent theresumption of executions is actually to advocate for abolition or official moratorium. Preventingexecutions, while an honorable goal in itself, is more like a stop-gaz measure and not aneffective objective in the mid-term.__________________________________7/18 World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyC. LIMITING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYIn the hard core retentionist countries, the World Coalition wanted to save as many lives aspossible and reduce the number of people facing the death penalty.7) Reducing the scope of the death penaltyReducing the scope entailed reducing the number of crimes punishable by death (drug-relatedoffenses, economic crimes…), excluding categories of people from the death penalty(juveniles, elderly…) or abolishing the mandatory death penalty for a number of crimes (amandatory sentencing scheme is one where the imposition of a death sentence is automaticupon conviction of a crime). It can be done through amending the criminal code or by a rulingof the supreme court (or its equivalent). Indicator: 5 countries reduce the scope of the death penalty between 2018 and2022 (one per year on average) Target countries:1. Barbados2. China3. Indonesia4. Iran5. Kenya6. Malaysia7. Mauritania8. Morocco9. USA states (Texas, Virginia,Alabama)10. Vietnam Results: 5 countries and 1 US State reduced the scope of the death penalty The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) declared the mandatory death penaltyunconstitutional in Barbados on 27 June 2018 In August 2019, the Parliament of Uganda passed a bill for the reduction of the scopeof the death penalty. The President signed it into law in November 2019. The [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN_WCADP_ImpactAssessmentStrategy2018-2022.pdf ) [265] => Array ( [objectID] => 22765 [title] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty 2023 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bylaws-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => BYLAWS OF THE WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYAS AMENDED BY THE 24 JUNE 2023 GENERAL ASSEMBLYAn association is created, governed by the French law of 1st July 1901 and the decree of 16th August1901 and having the following bylaws:PreambleThe signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held inStrasbourg on 21-23 June 2001, pledged to “create a worldwide coordination of abolitionist associationsand campaigners” (§9 of the Declaration).In conformity with this commitment, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created inRome, Italy, on 13 May 2002.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organisations share the commonobjective of universal abolition of the death penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty subscribes to the principles of equality, diversity andinclusiveness as well as the rule of law, human rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals.ARTICLE 1: NAMEThe name of the association is “World Coalition against the Death Penalty” (hereinafter: “theCoalition”), in French “Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort”.ARTICLE 2: REGISTERED OFFICEThe registered address for the Coalition is Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France.The registered address may be amended as appropriate, upon decision by the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 3: PURPOSE3.1. The goal of the Coalition is the universal abolition of the death penalty. To this end, the Coalition isdedicated to bringing together private, public, international, national, local and regional organisations toshare in this objective._______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 2/63.2. In particular, the objectives of the Coalition consist of strengthening international action in the fightagainst the death penalty; in leading and coordinating action at an international level, particularlylobbying activities, to complement the actions that its members are carrying out; in bringing togethernew abolitionists, and in putting more pressure on those countries that keep capital punishment in theirlegislation. The Coalition also aims to create a network of abolitionist players and to support them.3.3. The role of the Coalition is to complement the actions of its members, who remain entirelyindependent. As a priority, the Coalition acts at an international level.3.4. The purpose of the World Coalition is to promote the universal abolition of the death penaltythrough all available means.ARTICLE 4: GENERAL RULES4.1. At all levels of the Coalition, decisions shall be made by vote of a majority of two thirds of themembers present or represented.4.2. Any governing body of the Coalition that has elected or appointed a person may relieve him/her ofhis or her role provided that s/he is given a chance to explain him/herself beforehand.ARTICLE 5: MEMBERSHIP5.1. Membership is open to all organisations and corporations, public or private, international, national,local or regional, who are committed to the fight against the death penalty, including local governments,trade unions, bar associations and human rights organisations.5.2. Every organisation that subscribes to the objective of universal abolition of the death penalty, andwishes to join the Coalition, should address a written request to the Secretariat, presenting theorganisation, and indicating the ways in which it is currently taking, or planning to take, abolitionistaction. The organisation should also address to the Secretariat a signed copy of the Intention Statementof the Coalition.5.3. Membership requests shall be submitted for examination and decision to the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 6: DE-REGISTRATIONMembership status is lost through:- resignation by notification of the decision to the Executive Board of the Coalition;- de-registration determined by the General Assembly after serious violation of the currentStatutes, of the Intention Statement of the Coalition or, if relevant, of the Rules of Procedure.- Non-payment of the membership fees, according to the terms established in the Rules ofProcedure._______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 3/6ARTICLE 7: GENERAL ASSEMBLY7.1. The General Assembly is comprised of all the members of the Coalition. It meets once every twoyears. It is convened by the President of the Coalition by any existing means of communication. Itsagenda is fixed by the Steering Committee. It may meet by videoconference, in which case it mayconduct secure remote voting to ensure the participation of a larger number of members, or whencircumstances so require. If there is a need, or at the request of two thirds of the members, thePresident of the Coalition shall convene a special General Assembly.7.2. The General Assembly elects the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee is elected for twoyears. The General Assembly determines and adopts the general strategy of the Coalition. In the years inwhich the General Assembly meets, it also adopts the activity report and the financial report which arepresented by the Steering Committee.7.3. Each member has one vote. A member of the Coalition can be represented with a written proxy byanother member of the Coalition at the General Assembly. A member can represent a maximum of twoother members by proxy.7.4. The right to vote at the General Assembly will be reserved for those members who are up to datewith their membership fees or for those who have been exempted.ARTICLE 8: STEERING COMMITTEE8.1. The Steering Committee is in charge of implementing the strategy defined by the General Assembly.8.2. The Steering Committee is made up of twenty-five members of the World Coalition, elected by theGeneral Assembly, including if at all possible one local government, one trade union, one bar associationand one human rights organisation. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the 25 positions,the Steering Committee will work with the number of elected members. The composition of theSteering Committee must also endeavor to ensure a balanced geographical representation. Eachmember organisation of the Steering Committee must designate an individual to be its permanentrepresentative, who can be replaced by the organization at any time.8.3. The Steering Committee meets at least once a quarter and is convened by the President of theCoalition. It deliberates on all propositions from any member of the Steering Committee or from ten ormore members of the Coalition. A member of the Steering Committee can be represented by anothermember with a written proxy. A member of the Steering Committee cannot represent more than twoother members by proxy.8.4 In the years in which the General Assembly does not meet, the Steering Committee is responsible forthe adoption of the activity report and the financial report.8.5. The Steering Committee elects the Executive Board from amongst the candidates presented by itsmembers._______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 4/68.6. The Steering Committee must send the minutes of each of its meetings to all members of theCoalition.8.7. The members of the Steering Committee can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only expressthemselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the GeneralAssembly or the Steering Committee.8.8. The Steering Committee or the General Assembly can put working groups in place for specificprojects that will be coordinated by a member of the Coalition. The Steering Committee can appoint apermanent working group to help the Executive Board in its assignments. If relevant, the means ofdesignation and operation, and the powers of the different working groups, will be provided for in therules of procedure or in the minutes of the Steering Committee or General Assembly meetings whichcreated them.ARTICLE 9: EXECUTIVE BOARD9.1. The Executive Board, under the delegation of the Steering Committee, has the responsibility for thegeneral control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the non-profit organisation. TheExecutive Board implements the decisions of the Steering Committee.9.2. The Executive Board comprises five members of the Steering Committee - a president, a treasurerand three vice-presidents. The Executive Board is elected by the Steering Committee for a term of twoyears and each Executive Board member can be re-elected for a maximum of three consecutive terms. Ifthe number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the five posts, the Executive Board will work with thenumber of members elected. The members of the Executive Board are individuals and not organisationsbut they must be linked to a member organisation of the Steering Committee.9.3. The Executive Board’s mandate will begin at the same time as the mandate of the SteeringCommittee. The Executive Board meets at least once a quarter before each Steering Committee meetingand is convened by the President of the Coalition.9.4. The Executive Board must send the minutes of each of its meetings to the Steering Committee,using any usual means of communication.9.5. The members of the Executive Board can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only expressthemselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the GeneralAssembly or the Steering Committee.9.6 In the event that a member of the Executive Board resigns or is permanently unable to fulfill his orher duties, the President shall inform the Steering Committee, which at its next meeting, will elect a newmember of the Executive Board in accordance with the provisions set out in Articles 8.5 and 9.2_______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 5/6ARTICLE 10: PRESIDENT10.1. The President represents the Coalition legally for acts of civil life and may take part in courtproceedings on behalf of the Coalition, both in defense and in prosecution, with the provision, in thecase of prosecution of a case at law, that s/he seeks prior authorization of the Steering Committe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN-WCADP_Bylaws2023.pdf ) [266] => Array ( [objectID] => 22756 [title] => World Coalition Activity Report 2022 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-activity-report-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 1ACTIVITY REPORT2022______________________________2022 Activity Report – World Coalition 2/20(Table of ContentsI - Objectives, Results, 2022 Indicators and Target Countries p3II – Programs p6A. World Day against the Death Penalty – 10 October 2022 p6B. Speaking tours of death row survivors and victims’ families p9C. Need assessment for members p9D. Index of death penalty resources p10E. Coordinating international advocacy p10F. Expansion of the network p18G. Others p18III - Internal Changes p19______________________________2022 Activity Report – World Coalition 3/20(I - Objectives, Results, 2022 Indicators and Target CountriesA. SECURING ABOLITION1) Abolition of the death penalty Indicator for 2022: at least 1 country abolishes the death penalty Target countries: Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Cuba, Dominica, DRC,Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Niger, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Russia, Saint Lucia,South Korea, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Uganda, 3 US states, Zambia, ZimbabweResults1: Papua New Guinea abolished the death penalty for all crimes in January 2022. The Central African Republic abolished the death penalty for all crimes in June 2022. Equatorial Guinea abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in September2022. Zambia abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in December 2022.2) Ratification of abolitionist treaties Indicator for 2022: 1 new country ratifies Target countries: Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chad, Congo (Republic of), Coted’Ivoire, Fiji, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Samoa, Sierra Leone,SurinameResults: Kazakhstan ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in March 2022.3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries for allcrimes Indicator for 2022: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: PhilippinesResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 2022.4) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries forordinary crimes only Indicator for 2022: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: Brazil, Israel, PeruResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 2022.1 In Kazakhstan and Sierra Leone, bills for abolition were adopted in parliament and signed into law by presidents in 2021 andreported in the World Coalition’s 2021 Activity Report, however, the promulgation of these laws was official only in 2022 andAmnesty International classifies them as abolitionist in 2022.______________________________2022 Activity Report – World Coalition 4/20B. PROMOTING MORATORIA ON EXECUTIONS IN VIEW OF FULL ABOLITION5) Contributing to the worldwide moratorium on executions Indicator for 2022: 124 countries vote in favour of the moratorium resolution Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Guyana, Suriname, USA, Fiji,Indonesia, Kiribati, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands Nauru, Palau, PapuaNew Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, South Kora, Solomon Islands, Thailand,Tonga, Tuvalu, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon,Morocco, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central AfricanRepublic, Chad, Congo, DRC, Equitorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Gabon,Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone,Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.Result:125 countries vote in favor of the moratorium resolution, including votes for from Ghana,Liberia, and Uganda and continued support from the Philippines.6) Encouraging official moratorium Indicator for 2022: 1 country officially declares a moratorium on executions Target countries: Belarus, DRC, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Taiwan, ThailandResults: no target countries declared an official moratorium on executions.7) Preventing resumption of executions Indicator for 2022: no abolitionist in practice countries resume executions Target countries: Cameroon, Liberia, Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka,Tanzania, TunisiaResults: no targeted abolitionist countries in practice resumed executions. Papua New Guineaabolished the death penalty in 2022. In Liberia, the Senate passed a bill to abolish the death penaltyin the penal code. Maldives and Sri Lanka have confirmed their commitment to a moratorium onexecutions.However, Myanmar executed 4 people for the first time in our decades.C. LIMITING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY8) Reducing the scope of the death penalty Indicator: at least 1 country reduces the scope of the death penalty in 2022 Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, China, Dominica, Grenada, Indonesia, Iran,Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, SaintKitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA states (Texas, Alabama), VietnamResults: In Indonesia, the parliament adopted a new Criminal Code that would allow for thecommutation of death sentences after 10 years if certain conditions are met. In December 2022,the National Assembly of Pakistan adopted a bill abolishing the death penalty for drug-relatedoffenses.__________________________________5/10 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty9) Reducing the number of people executed Indicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2016: 1,031 – excluding China) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan, Singapore,Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, USAResults: The number of known executions increased significantly between 2021 and 2022, mostlybecause of hundreds of executions in Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, it has decreased by 8.69%in the past 5 years from (993 executions in 2017 to 883 executions in 2022, excluding China, VietNam and North Korea- according to Amnesty International).10) Reducing the number of people sentenced to death Indicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2017: 2,591– excluding China) Target countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Barbados, Bangladesh, EgyptIndia, Iran, Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago,Taiwan, Tunisia, USA, YemenResults: The global total of newly imposed death sentences decreased slightly between 2021 and2022, especially in Bangladesh, Lebanon and Yemen. It fell by 22.19% in the past 5 years (2,591death sentences in 2017 to 2,016 in 2022, excluding China, Viet Nam, and North Korea).11) Encouraging clemency processes, granted pardons, mercy petitions andcommutations of death sentences to reduce the number of people on death row Indicator: 20% decrease in 5 years Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Algeria, Dominica, Grenada, India, Iran,Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sri Lanka, USAResult: Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 26countries including: India, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the USA. They also recorded 28exonerations in four countries: Kenya (20), Morocco and Western Sahara (one), USA (two) andZimbabwe (five). Otherwise, at least 28,282 people were known to be under a sentence of deathby the end of 2022, according to Amnesty International.12) Encouraging more transparency regarding the application of the death penalty Indicator: At least 1 retentionist country makes available relevant information ina report to the UN (UPR, UNSG annual report, moratorium report, reports to treatybodies…), disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and otherapplicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the numberof persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the numberof executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted onappeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, as well as information on anyscheduled execution (2020 UNGA Moratorium Resolution A/RES/75/183, 7.c) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, North Korea,Saudi Arabia, VietnamResult: The Saudi Commission for Human Rights answered to Amnesty International’s requestfor information on the use of the death penalty in 2022.6(II- Programs(A. World Day against the Death Penalty – 10 October 2022World Day 2022’s main objective was bifold - both to raise public awareness on the link betweendeath penalty and torture to convince people that the death penalty should be abolished and tomark the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty.World Day’s Secondary objectives included:- Supporting abolitionist activists by sharing argument tools, figures and information;- Sharing stories of survivors, those who have been executed, and witnesses to inhuman,cruel, and degrading experiences that amount to torture while dealing with capitalpunishment;- Working with human rights organizations that fight to abolish torture to grow the abolitionistcommunity.-Activity A.1: Production and dissemination of information and mobilization tools.Available in French and English, the following documents were made available to members of theWorld Coalition and distributed in other languages. An effort was made to have the documentstranslated into more languages, starting with Arabic, and including African languages – namely,Swahili, Luganda, and Lingala. In total, 3 World Day tools translated into Arabic (poster, leaflet, 20thWorld Day Tool) has been sent to members and Arabic-speaking members. The World Day poster is available in 19 languages2. Copies in targeted languages wereeither printed or sent directly to Nigeria, Uganda, the DRC, Kenya, Morocco, Mauritaniaand Tunisia The World Day Leaflet with main arguments and testimonies (available on our website in:FR, EN and AR). In addition to their creation, brochures in Arabic were printed and sent tomembers in Morocco, Palestine, and Tunisia. Facts and figures on the death penalty worldwide (available on our website in: FR and EN) Detailed Fact Sheet on torture and the death penalty (available on our website in: FR andEN) A mobilization kit providing the context, suggeste [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN_WCADP_2022ActivityReport.pdf ) [267] => Array ( [objectID] => 22729 [title] => World Coalition Statutory Auditor’s Report 2022 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-statutory-auditorss-report-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => World Coalition's Statutory Auditor's Report on the financial statements for the year ended in 2022. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/DBA_Rapport-CAC-2022-ENG.pdf ) [268] => Array ( [objectID] => 22714 [title] => 75th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/75th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-of-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/75th-Ordinary-Session-of-the-African-Commission-of-Human-and-Peoples-Rights-500x250.jpg [extrait] => From 3rd to 23rd May 2023, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 75th Ordinary Session for the first time in a hybrid format with participants both attending online and in person in Banjul, the Gambia, seat of the ACHPR. [texte] => From 3rd to 23rd May 2023, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 75th Ordinary Session for the first time in a hybrid format with participants both attending online and in person in Banjul, the Gambia, seat of the ACHPR. (more…) "75th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [269] => Array ( [objectID] => 22695 [title] => East African Seminar on Best Practices in Kenya: A Key Gathering for the Abolitionist Movement on the Continent [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/east-african-seminar-on-best-practices-in-kenya-a-key-gathering-for-the-abolitionist-movement-on-the-continent/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/seminar-nairobi-kenya-june2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => A privileged moment to exchange on the different abolitionist dynamics in Africa As part of the Africabolition project, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT (the International Federation of ACATS) organized a seminar for English-speaking African members from 19-26 June, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya. [texte] => A privileged moment to exchange on the different abolitionist dynamics in AfricaAs part of the Africabolition project, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT (the International Federation of ACATS) organized a seminar for English-speaking African members from 19-26 June, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya. (more…) "East African Seminar on Best Practices in Kenya: A Key Gathering for the Abolitionist Movement on the Continent" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [270] => Array ( [objectID] => 22673 [title] => World Coalition launches glossary on gender and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-launches-glossary-on-gender-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/gender-and-death-penalty-glossary-500x250.jpg [extrait] => As part of its efforts to mainstream a gender lens in the abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty just released a glossary on gender and the death penalty. The first of its kind, this publication presents and defines terms relevant to gender-sensitive abolitionist work that recognize the various forms of gender-based discrimination […] [texte] => As part of its efforts to mainstream a gender lens in the abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty just released a glossary on gender and the death penalty. The first of its kind, this publication presents and defines terms relevant to gender-sensitive abolitionist work that recognize the various forms of gender-based discrimination and violence at work throughout the judicial process leading to the death penalty.While it is not an exhaustive list of all concepts related to gender and capital punishment, it is a significant step towards clarifying the nexus between gender and abolition. This glossary is one of several tools developed to help abolitionists affirm the commitment they made on World Day Against the Death Penalty 2021 and 2022 to make visible the struggles of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death around the world.This publication was made possible through the contributions of the members of the World Coalition’s Gender Working Group, as well as other member organizations, including Eleos Justice of Monash University, Greater Carribean for Life, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Fédération internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH), ACAT France and The Advocates for Human Rights. We would also like to thank LGBTQIA+ organizations ASEAN SOGIE Caucus and ILGA Asia as well as the Women and Harm Reduction International Network for their input.This glossary is now available in English and French. Click here to learn more about the World Coalition’s work on gender and the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [271] => Array ( [objectID] => 22654 [title] => Advocating for the recognition of women sentenced to death in the fight for women’s rights [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocating-for-the-recognition-of-women-sentenced-to-death-in-the-fight-for-womens-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/women-deliver-summit-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => From July 16 to 20, a World Coalition delegation comprising Connie Numbi of Foundation for Human Rights Initiative Uganda, Dr Anna Henga of Legal Human Right Center Tanzania, Damaris Kemunto of the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya), and Méline Szwarcberg, Women and Gender Project Manager at the World Coalition, attended […] [texte] => From July 16 to 20, a World Coalition delegation comprising Connie Numbi of Foundation for Human Rights Initiative Uganda, Dr Anna Henga of Legal Human Right Center Tanzania, Damaris Kemunto of the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya), and Méline Szwarcberg, Women and Gender Project Manager at the World Coalition, attended the Women Deliver women's rights summit in Kigali, Rwanda. (more…) "Advocating for the recognition of women sentenced to death in the fight for women’s rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [272] => Array ( [objectID] => 22620 [title] => Women and Death Penalty Factsheet – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-death-penalty-factsheet-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [1] DATA ON WOMEN ON DEATH ROWWOMEN ON DEATH ROWAlthough women currently make up less than 5% of the global death row population (representing 500 to 1000 women on death row), analysis of their profiles, backgrounds, and crimes for which they were sentenced to death deserves particular attention as it reveals the significant existence of gender biases in capital punishment proceedings1.In 2023, we know that there are women on death row in at least 42 countries (71 % of retentionist and abolitionist in practice countries with more than 3 people on death row) and because of a lack of transparency in some countries, we have no data for 8 countries2.WOMEN'S EXECUTIONWomen have been executed in the last 10 years in the following countries: Afghanistan, China, Egypt, Gambia, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, North Korea, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, and the United States.China executed at least an approximately 20 to 100 women per year in recent years (CCDPW)Iran executed at least 164 women between January 2010 and October 2021 (IHR)Saudi Arabia executed 31 women between 2010 and 2021 (ESOHR and Reprieve)[2] PROFILE OF WOMEN SENTENCEDTO DEATHAnalysis of the profiles of women sentenced to death reveals that a large majority are from ethnic and racial minorities, are non-literate, have intellectual or psychological disabilities, and have experienced gender-based violence. In some regions, such as Gulf and Southeast Asian states, the majority of those sentenced to death are migrants3.1 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, (2018), Judged for more than her crime.2 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (2023), Mapping of Women on Death Row.3 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, (2018), Judged for more#WomenOnDeathRowFacts and figuresWomen and the Death Penalty21st World Day Against the Death Penalty[3] CRIMES FOR WHICH WOMEN ARESENTENCED TO DEATHMURDERThe first crime for which women are sentenced to death worldwide is murder. Many of these crimes involve murders of family members in a context of gender-based violence4. Due to a lack of knowledge on gender-sensitive mitigation of the criminal justice system, domestic abuse is not often considered as mitigating factor in sentencing.DRUG OFFENSEDrug-related offense is the second most common reason for women to be on death row, particularly in Asia and Middle East5. Many women tend to work in the drug market due to economic and social marginalization. Some women sentenced to death for drug trafficking have been victims of romance scams (Feigning romantic intentions to gain their affection and trust before using tricks to manipulate them).OFFENSE INVOLVING SEXUAL MORALITYWomen are disproportionately sentenced to death for adultery. In jurisdictions that apply Sharia law, zina, the criminalization of consensual sexual relations outside marriage, is used disproportionately to convicted women compared to men.Other crimes for which women are sentenced to death include terrorism, prostitution, blasphemy, kidnapping, armed robbery, and witchcraft.conduct.than her crime.4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. Gender-based bias permeates criminal legal systems. Gender biases manifest themselves in the investigative stage by law enforcement biases; at the trial stage, in which a fair trial may be unavailable for women facing harsh socio-economic deprivation and little access to education; and in sentencing, when women defendants are sentenced to death after being prevented from arguing that gender and patriarchy affected their criminal [4] GENDER DISCRIMINATION ONDEATH ROWWomen have specific needs which are not always addressed on death row. These include sexual and reproductive health, medical and mental health care, harm reduction services for substance abusers and protection from gender-based violence, among others. Also, female prisoners are exposed to a risk of gender –based violence while incarcerated.The Bangkok Rules, adopted in 2010, are the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of women prisoners. They complement existing international standards on the treatment of prisoner such as Mandela Rules.[5] UGANDA CASE STUDYIn 2022 there were 3 women on death row in Uganda (FHRI and PRI Uganda). In 2018 there were 11. According to Amnesty, in 2021 at least 135 people were on death row in the country. Women therefore represent between 2 and 8% of death row prisoners. Of the 3 women currently on death row, all have been convicted of the crime of murder, often carried out in the context of gender-based violence. Despite prevalence of domestic violence, courts fail to consider realities of spousal abuse to mitigate culpability of women defendants.[6] WOMEN, TORTURE AND THEDEATH PENALTYTORTURE TO FORCE A CONFESSIONWomen victims of gender-based violence, who are over-represented on death row, are at risk of making false confessions when subjected to coercive interrogations, especially those carried out by men.DETENTION CONDITIONViolence against women in detention – includinggender and sexual abuse and harassment, inappropriate touching during searches, rape, and sexual coercion – can rise to the level of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.[7] KEY ADVOCACY MESSAGESPending full abolition of the death penalty: (1)Commute the sentences of women sentenced to death for killing close family members who perpetrated gender-based violence against them and for women sentenced to death for drug trafficking and other offenses that do not involve the loss of human life.(2)Ensure that the criminal legal system takes full account of any mitigating factors linked to women’s background including evidence of prior abuse and psychosocial and intellectual disabilities.(3) Ensure that all persons facing the death penalty have their right to free and effective legal representation respected.(4)Prevent the detention and prosecution of women for “moral and sexual” crimes and of people for their sexual orientation and decriminalize such offenses. (5)In accordance with the Mandela and Bangkok Rules, adopt gender-sensitive policies regarding the detention of women, ensuring their safety and security before trial, during admission to prison, and while incarcerated.[8] RESOURCESRead more about this• Judged for More Than Her Crime: a Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide)• No One Believed me: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide)• Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women (Monash University)• Detailed factsheet, Invisible reality of women sentenced to death (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)• Mapping of Women on Death Row (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty) “National criminal justice systems and prisons, and to some extent international law itself, are largely designed by men and for men and often overlook women’s specific needs and vulnerabilities.”Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for more than her crime, 2018 #WomenOnDeathRow [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Women-and-Death-Penalty-Factsheet_World-Day-2023.pdf ) [273] => Array ( [objectID] => 22610 [title] => FACTS AND FIGURES LGBTQIA+ People and the Death Penalty – 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-lgbtqia-people-and-the-death-penalty-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [1] ANTI-LGBTQIA+ DISCRIMINATION & THE DEATH PENALTYThroughout the judicial processLGBTQIA+ people face arrest, imprisonment and community supervision at higher rates than non- LGBTQIA+ people. For example, while LGBTQIA+ youth represent just 9.5% of the general population in the United States, they account for 20% of all youth in the juvenile justice system.1On death rowAside from the discriminatory use of the death penalty for consensual same-sex sexual acts, hereafter referred to as CSSSA, LGBTQIA+ people are particularly vulnerable to abuse and mistreatment.2Intersectional discriminationLGBTQIA+ people experiencediscrimination due to other axes of identity. For example, Black trans people experience higher lifetime rates of incarceration than other trans people.3[2] DEATH PENALTY FOR CONSENSUALSAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS (CSSSA)Private CSSSA are punishable by death in 12 countries. The majority of these countries prohibit these acts only between men and six of them actually implement the death penalty.4 5AfghanistanUnder Sharia law, death is the maximum penalty for CSSSA between men and between women. Since the Taliban came to power, several gay men have been executed by stoning.BruneiLiwat or CSSSA between men can be punishable by death, but Brunei’s moratorium on the death penalty has been extended to include this offense.IranThe “active party” of lawat (sodomy) or tafkhiz (intercrural coitus) can be punished by death if he is married or not Muslim when the “passive party” is1 Jones, A. (2021). Visualizing the unequal treatment of LGBTQ people in the criminal justice system. Prison Policy Initiative.2 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (2023). Making gender discrimination in capital punishment visible. https://worldcoalition.org/campagne/making-gender-discrimination-in-capital-punishment-visible/3 Grant, J. M., Motter, L. A., & Tanis, J. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the national transgender discrimination survey.4 Human Dignity Trust. (2023). Map of Countries that Criminalise LGBT People. https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of- criminalisation/FACTS AND FIGURESLGBTQIA+ People and the Death Penalty21st World Day Against the Death PenaltyMuslim. Those convicted of mosahegheh (CSSSA between women) for the fourth time can also be liable to the death penalty.MauritaniaMuslim men who engage in CSSSA with a non-Muslim man can be put to death. However, a de facto moratorium has been in place for more than 30 years.Nigeria12 states in Northern Nigeria prohibit CSSSA between men and between women. There is no public record of executions for this offense.PakistanZina provisions prohibit all sexual relations outside marriage. As same sex marriage is not recognized, this essentially covers CSSSA. There have been no executions on this basis for the past few years.QatarSharia courts can sentence Muslim men engaging in CSSSA to death. However, public records show that this hasn’t been done in recent years.Saudi ArabiaMarried men and men of different religions engaging in CSSSA can be liable to the death penalty. However, it is not clear if the death penalty is applied for this offense, and evidence on prosecutions is difficult to gather.Somalia“Carnal intercourse between persons of the same sex” is prohibited for men and women. There is no record of state executions for this offense, but local non-state actors have been executing men for CSSSA.UAESharia law and criminal code provisions criminalize CSSSA. However, the death penalty has never been applied.UgandaUnder the new Anti-Homosexuality Act (2023), “aggravated homosexuality” is punishable by death.5 ECPM. (2022). 10 Questions on the death penalty for LGBTQIA+ : A report on the application of the death penalty for consensual same- sex conducts. compounded YemenMarried men or women engaging in “sodomy” can be put to death by stoning, but there haven’t been executions for this offense in more than a decade.[3] TRANSGENDER PEOPLE & THE DEATH PENALTYGlobal data on trans people sentenced to death is largely unavailable. Self-identification is not possible in many jurisdictions. However, evidence in the US suggests that trans women are overrepresented on death row. They represent 8% of women on death row,6 while only less than 1% of the general population is trans.7[4] CASE STUDY: SAREH & ELHAMThis is the summary of the most recent high-profile case of LGBTQIA+ people sentenced to death.In October 2021, Iranian authorities arrested Zahra Sedighi-Hamadani, an LGBTQIA+ rights activist also known as Sareh while she was trying to cross the border to Turkey. She was accused of “promoting homosexuality.” A few days later, her friend Elham Chubdar was also charged with "encouraging corruption and prostitution."In September 2022, they were both sentenced to death for “corruption on Earth,” using evidence gained through forced confessions and other acts of torture. After intense public outrage and international pressure, their death sentences were overturned in December 2022. While they were also released on bail in March 2023, they are still set to face their fate in court.8Take action for Sareh and Elham on action.allout.org. [5] LGBTQIA+ PEOPLE, TORTURE ANDTHE DEATH PENALTYSEXUAL ABUSE. LGBTQIA+ are particularly vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse in prisons, which may amount to torture and cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment (CIDT).9 Trans people can be placed in prisons that do not match their gender, exposing them to rape and other acts of sexual violence.10 Trans and intersex people are alsosubjected to invasive strip and search practices to determine their sex.11ACCESS TO CARE. Failing to consider the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ people, including sexual and reproductive health care, gender-affirming care, HIV care, mental health care and protection from gender-based violence, can turn detention into torture.12DETENTION CONDITIONS. Trans people are discriminatorily placed in solitary confinement supposedly to protect them from violence.13 Long-term solitary confinement has been condemned by United Nations experts as torture.14[6] INTERNATIONAL STANDARDSUN Human Rights CommitteeToonen v. Australia: The criminalization of CSSSA violates the right to privacy and the right to equality before the law.General Comment No. 36: “Under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against conduct whose very criminalization violates the Covenant, including...homosexuality...”UN Human Rights CouncilResolution on the question of the death penalty: “Condemning the imposition of the death penalty as a sanction for specific forms of conduct, such as...consensual same-sex relations...”UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against WomenFlamer-Caldera v Sri Lanka: The criminalization of CSSSA between women violates their right to non- discrimination.https://worldcoalition.org/document/primer-on-transgender-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty/trans-rights- and-death-penalty-factsheet_v1-0-2/11 Milton, J, Intersex woman suffers ‘cruel and degrading treatment’ in men’s prison despite court pleas (July 2022), available at: https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/07/05/intersex-australia-yatala-labor-prison/12 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (2022). Joint statement on the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals.13 McCauley, E., Eckstrand, K., Desta, B., Bouvier, B., Brockmann, B., & Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2018). Exploring healthcare experiences for incarcerated individuals who identify as transgender in a southern jail. Transgender health, 3(1), 34-41.14 Méndez, J. (2011). Solitary confinement should be banned in most cases, UN expert says. UN News, 18. 6 The Cornell Center on Death Penalty Worldwide (2022). Database. https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database.7 Flores, A. R., Herman, J., Gates, G. J., & Brown, T. N. (2016). How many adults identify as transgender in the United States? (Vol. 13). Los Angeles, CA: Williams Institute.8 All Out. (2023). Iran: Save Sareh and Elham’s Lives. https://action.allout.org/en/m/66561cda/9 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (2022). Joint statement on the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals. https://worldcoalition.org/2022/10/10/world-day-20th-anniversary-joint- statement/10 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, FIACAT, The Advocates for Human Rights & Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. (2021). Primer on transgender individuals facing the death penalty. [7] RECOMMENDATIONS(1) Pending full abolition, enact a de jure moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and, in the meantime, commute all death sentences.(2) Decriminalize consensual same-sex sexual activity between adults and gender diversity and repeal all other discriminatory laws against LGBTQIA+ people.(3) Commute the sentences of all individuals convicted of these crimes, release any individual detained under these laws, and instruct prosecutors and police to cease prosecutions and arrests on these charges.(4) Ensure that the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ prisoners are met and that they are protected from all forms of abuse, harassment and violence.(5) Institute prison and judicial policies to recognize and affirm the gender identity of trans prisoners and prevent and investigate discriminatory treatment, torture and CIDT.[8] THINGS YOU CAN DO(1) Advocate against discriminatory laws.(2) Visit and maintain contact with LGBTQIA+ people on death row and/or their families.(3) Raise awareness about the criminalization of LGBTQIA+ people and their conditions in prison.(4) Mainstream gender in abolitionist actions.(5) Join or support LGBTQIA+ and abolitionist groups![9] RESOURCES● State-Sanctioned Killing of Sexual Minorities (Monash University)● ECPM Resources: Love is Not a Crime● Primer on transgender individuals facing the death penalty (World Coalition Against theDeath Penalty)● State-Enabled Killing of Same-Sex-Attrac [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/LGBTQIA_-rigths_and_Death_Penalty_World_Day_2023.pdf ) [274] => Array ( [objectID] => 25647 [title] => A/HRC/54/53: Human rights challenges in addressing and countering all aspects of the world drug problem – Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-54-53-human-rights-challenges-in-addressing-and-countering-all-aspects-of-the-world-drug-problem-report-of-the-office-of-the-united-nations-high-commissioner-for-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report outlines human rights challenges in addressing and countering keyaspects of the world drug problem. It also offers an overview of recent positive developmentsto shift towards more human rights-centred drug policies, and provides recommendations onthe way forward in view of the upcoming midterm review of the 2019 Ministerial Declarationand to contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [texte] => GE.23-14757 (E) 140823 150823Human Rights CouncilFifty-fourth session11 September–6 October 2023Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentHuman rights challenges in addressing and countering allaspects of the world drug problemReport of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights*SummaryThe present report outlines human rights challenges in addressing and countering keyaspects of the world drug problem. It also offers an overview of recent positive developmentsto shift towards more human rights-centred drug policies, and provides recommendations onthe way forward in view of the upcoming midterm review of the 2019 Ministerial Declarationand to contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.* Agreement was reached to publish the present report after the standard publication date owing tocircumstances beyond the submitter’s control.United Nations A/HRC/54/53General Assembly Distr.: General15 August 2023Original: EnglishA/HRC/54/532 GE.23-14757I. Introduction1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 52/24.The Council requested Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR) to prepare a report, in consultation with States, the United Nations Office on Drugsand Crime (UNODC) and other relevant United Nations agencies, civil society and otherrelevant stakeholders, on human rights challenges in addressing and countering all aspects ofthe world drug problem, and to present it to the Council at its fifty-fourth session.2. In preparing the report, OHCHR issued a call for submissions, addressed to States andother stakeholders. The report is based on the analysis conducted by OHCHR of over 100contributions,1 and a review of publicly available material, including recent developmentsfrom human rights mechanisms and Vienna-based bodies.II. International legal and policy framework3. International drug control measures are regulated by three drug control conventions:the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on PsychotropicSubstances and the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugsand Psychotropic Substances. The International Narcotics Control Board monitors theimplementation of these conventions. The original aim of these conventions was to protectthe health and welfare of humankind. However, current drug control policies have primarilytaken a punitive approach to suppress the market in illicit drugs, and many countries haveadopted repressive policies, with consequent impacts on human rights.4. On various occasions, States have committed to respecting, protecting and promotingall human rights in the development and implementation of drug policies. 2 The outcomedocument of the thirtieth special session of the General Assembly on the world drug problemintroduced new language on respecting, promoting and protecting human rights in drugpolicy, and moved the narrative beyond the traditional three pillars of supply, demand andcooperation, of previous United Nations documents on drug policy,3 and towards publichealth and development.45. In the 2019 Ministerial Declaration, all States noted that responses “not in conformitywith applicable international human rights obligations pose a challenge to the implementationof joint commitments based on the principle of common and shared responsibility”.56. The International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Policy, developed by acoalition of United Nations Member States, the World Health Organization (WHO), the JointUnited Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), UNDP, OHCHR and human rightsand drug policy experts, provide a comprehensive set of international legal guidance forplacing human dignity, human rights and sustainable development at the centre of Stateresponses to the drug problem.6 The Guidelines highlight the measures States should take tocomply with their human rights obligations, while taking into account their obligations underthe international drug control conventions. They provide that “obligations contained withininternational drug control treaties may not be used as a basis for violating concomitantinternational human rights obligations”.71 Submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-inputs-ohchrs-reporthuman-rights-challenges-addressing-and-countering.2 https://www.unodc.org/documents/postungass2016/outcome/V1603301-E.pdf; and General Assemblyresolutions 74/178, 75/198, 76/188 and 77/238.3 https://www.unodc.org/documents/drug-prevention-andtreatment/JOINT_MINISTERIAL_STATEMENT_2014_HIGH_LEVEL_REVIEW_BY_THE_COMMISSION.pdf.4 https://www.unodc.org/documents/postungass2016/outcome/V1603301-E.pdf.5 https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/2019/Ministerial_Declaration.pdf.6 https://www.undp.org/publications/international-guidelines-human-rights-and-drug-policy.7Ibid.A/HRC/54/53GE.23-14757 37. In the United Nations system common position supporting the implementation of theinternational drug control policy through effective inter-agency collaboration, UnitedNations agencies reiterated their strong commitment to supporting Member States indeveloping and implementing truly balanced, human rights-based, development-oriented andsustainable responses to the world drug problem, within the framework of the 2030 Agendafor Sustainable Development.8III. Human rights challenges in addressing and countering theworld drug problem8. The world drug problem has a major impact on the enjoyment of human rights.Responding to the harms associated with drug use and to the illicit drug trade constitutes amajor public policy challenge of our time, of which all aspects have human rightsimplications. This chapter examines the human rights implications of the main areas ofconcern when addressing and countering the world drug problem.A. Lack of, and unequal access to, treatment and harm reduction9. The World Drug Report 2023 put the global estimate of people who injected drugs in2021 at 13.2 million, 18 per cent higher than previously estimated. Globally, over 296 millionpeople used drugs in 2021, an increase of 23 per cent over the previous decade. Furthermore,the number of people suffering from drug use disorders skyrocketed to 39.5 million, a 45 percent increase over 10 years.910. The provision of accessible drug treatment services is essential to realize the right tohealth of people who use drugs. However, the demand for treating drug-related disordersremains largely unmet. Only one in five people suffering from drug-related disorders was intreatment for drug use in 2021, with widening disparities in access to treatment acrossregions.10 Regarding this gap in services, nearly 600,000 people still die every year fromdrug-related causes, namely viral hepatitis, HIV, overdose and injuries.1111. The right to the highest attainable standard of health applies equally in the context ofdrug laws, policies and practices, and includes access, on a voluntary basis, to harm reductionservices12 and drug dependence treatment.13 In the outcome document of the special sessionof the General Assembly on the world drug problem, Member States agreed on variousmeasures to address demand reduction and health-related issues.14 In the 2019 MinisterialDeclaration, Member States noted with concern that drug treatment and health servicescontinued to fall short of meeting needs, and reiterated their resolve to strengthen demandreduction initiatives covering prevention, early intervention, treatment, care, recovery,rehabilitation and social reintegration measures on a non-discriminatory basis.1512. Treaty bodies have expressed concern over the lack of harm reduction programmesfor drug users,16 and have recommended the expansion of such programmes,17 including inprisons, 18 and the removal of obstacles that limit access to those services. 19 Special8 CEB/2018/2, annex I.9 https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2023.html.10 Ibid.11 https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA75/A75_43-en.pdf.12 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240052390 andhttps://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924150437. See also submission from Association deLutte contre le Sida.13 https://www.undp.org/publications/international-guidelines-human-rights-and-drug-policy.14 https://www.unodc.org/documents/postungass2016/outcome/V1603301-E.pdf, recommendation No. 1(a)–(r).15 https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/2019/Ministerial_Declaration.pdf.16 E/C.12/BOL/CO/3, para. 56; and E/C.12/ECU/CO/4, para. 47.17 E/C.12/BEN/CO/3, para. 42; E/C.12/ITA/CO/6, para. 60; and E/C.12/AZE/CO/4, para. 49.18 E/C.12/UKR/CO/7, para. 43.19 E/C.12/CHE/CO/4, para. 51.A/HRC/54/534 GE.23-14757procedures of the Human Rights Council have recommended access to adequate medicalcare,20 including drug replacement therapies for drug users,21 the strengthening of aftercareprogrammes to support sustained recovery, 22 the prohibition of compulsory drugrehabilitation, the development of oversight and accountability structures of drug treatmentand rehabilitation centres, and strengthening and promoting effective, consensual andvoluntary community-based treatment and rehabilitation.23 Regarding the situation in prisonsettings, special procedures have expressed concern over the lack of drug withdrawaltreatments,24 noted that prison-based needle and syringe programmes are an essential harmreduction measure for the prevention of blood-borne virus transmission,25 and recommendedmaking available voluntary, evidence-informed and rights-based medical care.2613. In its resolution 64/3, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs encouraged States topromote, improve and facilitate drug prevention, treatment, care, sustained recovery andrelated support services, on a voluntary basis, and to prevent any possible acts of cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report [1] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g23/156/03/pdf/g2315603.pdf?token=NJxDfKawwqIX7e39lx&fe=true ) [275] => Array ( [objectID] => 22576 [title] => Data Mapping: Women on Death Row [timestamp] => 1690848000 [date] => 01/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/data-mapping-women-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, the 19th edition of the World Day Against the Death Penalty (“World Day” on October 10) was dedicated to the invisible reality of women on death row, paving the way for new data on the issue of women sentenced to death. Many members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (“World Coalition”), in preparation for 10 October, conducted research to document the situations of women facing the death penalty around the world. To systematize the information collected and have a global understanding of women sentenced to death, the World Coalition conducted a data systematization exercise.This short report presents the main conclusions of this country exercise. These findings are a compilation of existing data available to the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its members organization up to December 2022. [texte] => 123Data Mapping: Women onDeath RowJune 2023This publication has been produced with generous support from the Government of Canada.The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition and can in no waybe taken to reflect the views of the Government of Canada.4Table of contentList of acronyms ................................................................................................................................................................. 5I. General information about the country mapping exercise ....................................................................................... 6Some details on the methodological approach ............................................................................................................. 6II. Results of the country mapping on women on death row ........................................................................................ 8Data on the presence of women on death row ............................................................................................................. 8Information about countries where there are no women on death row .................................................................... 11Data on executions of women ..................................................................................................................................... 13Data on the countries with the most women on death row ....................................................................................... 15Data on the profiles of women sentenced to death and the crimes they have committed: ...................................... 18Concluding observations .............................................................................................................................................. 20Appendix .......................................................................................................................................................................... 215List of acronymsAJEM Association justice et miséricordeAMDH Association mauritanienne des droits humainsAPWLD Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and DevelopmentCAT Committee against TortureCCDPW Cornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideCHESO Children Education SocietyCONICOPEM Coalition nigérienne contre la peine de mortCPJ Culture pour la Paix et la JusticeCPR Japan Center for Prisoner's RightsCTCPM Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peine de mortECPM Ensemble contre la peine de mortEDPI Egypt Death Penalty IndexESOHR European Saudi Organisation for Human RightsFHRI Foundation for Human Rights InitiativeFIDH Fédération internationale pour les droits humainsICJ Kenya Kenyan Section of the International Commission of JuristsIHR Iran Human RightsJPP Justice Project PakistanLACR Lebanese Association for Civil RightsPRI Penal Reform InternationalSHAMS Human Rights and Democracy Media CenterTAHR The Advocates for Human RightsWorld Day World Day Against the Death PenaltyWorld Coalition World Coalition Against the Death Penalty6I. General information about the country mapping exerciseIn 2021, the 19th edition of the World Day Against the Death Penalty (“World Day” onOctober 10) was dedicated to the invisible reality of women on death row, paving the way for new data on theissue of women sentenced to death. Many members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (“WorldCoalition”), in preparation for 10 October, conducted research to document the situations of women facing thedeath penalty around the world. To systematize the information collected and have a global understanding ofwomen sentenced to death, the World Coalition conducted a data systematization exercise.This short report presents the main conclusions of this country exercise. These findings are a compilation ofexisting data available to the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its members organization up toDecember 2022.Some details on the methodological approachAll the information in this report comes from analyses of the events carried out by the members of the WorldCoalition up to and through World Day 2021 (e.g., reports, webinars, radio spots, publications on social networks,etc.). It also contains an analysis of press articles published on or around World Day 2021. To ensure that the datawas up to date, additional consultations were held with members of the World Coalition and additional literatureresearch was conducted (primarily of press articles). When those consultations and media searches revealed nonew information, data from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide (CCDPW) were used.1Amnesty International’s annual reports on death sentences and executions are the primary source for data on theglobal death row population. When Amnesty International did not have disaggregated data on a death rowpopulation, we used data from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide or World Coalition membersfrom the country in question. To ensure methodological consistency, we have used data from corresponding yearsand sources to calculate the percentage of women on death row, wherever possible.Regarding countries’ death penalty status, we used Amnesty International's 2022 classification2 which highlights55 retentionist countries and 23 abolitionist in practice countries.3This exercise was limited to an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on women sentenced to deathworldwide (numbers, profile, crimes committed, etc.), but an in-depth analysis of penal and penitentiary systems,cultural and social gender norms, including the level of gender equality, would be necessary to strengthen theunderstanding of the link between gender and the death penalty.For the country mapping analysis, the retentionist and abolitionist in practice countries were divided into fourcategories: countries where we know there are women on death row; countries where we do not know if womenare on death row; countries where there are fewer than three people on death row and no women on death row;and countries where there are more than three people on death row but no women on death row.Countries where we know there are women on death row include those for which we have both accurate and1 The database (http://deathpenalty-worldwide.org) and the following reports were used: Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide,Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty, (September 2018), available at:https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/judged-more-than-her-crime/ ; Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, No OneBelieved Me: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses, (September 2021), available at:https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/no-one-believed-me-a-global- overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offenses/2 Amnesty International, Global Report: death sentences and Executions, (2022), available athttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/3 According to Amnesty International, abolitionist in practice countries refer to countries that retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes suchas murder but can be considered abolitionist in practice in that they have not executed anyone during the last 10 years or more and are believedto have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions. Retentionist countries refer to countries that retain the death penalty forordinary crimes.7inaccurate data on the number of women on death row. This category includes all countries for which we haveinformation on at least one woman on death row or on a recent execution. These are all countries where thereare more than three (3) people on death row. Countries where we don't know if women are on death row referto countries for which we do not have reliable data indicating that a woman is on death row or has recently beenexecuted, but where, due to (1) the number of people on death row, (2) the crimes punishable by death and (3)recent and past convictions, women may be on death row. These are all countries where there are more thanthree (3) people on death row.8II. Results of the country mapping on women on death rowData on the presence of women on death rowBased on the results of the data systematization, in December 2022, among the 78 retentionist and abolitionistin practice countries, we know that women are on death row in 42 countries (54%). Among 59 retentionist andabolitionist in practice countries with more than three people on death row4, 71% (32 retentionist and tenabolitionist in practice countries) have women on death row. It is necessary to note that w i t h in this dataset,there are still eight countries (five retentionist and three abolitionist in practice) for which we have no clearinformation about women on death row, which could change the total percentage of countries with women ondeath row (more information below).These results allow us to observe that women on death row are present in most countries that retain the deathpenalty with a minimum number of prisoners on death row. Indeed, when a retentionist or abolitionist countryin practice has no women on death row, it is often because there are no or very few people on death row.54 This includes the 42 countries where there are women on death row, the 8 countries where we don't know if there are women on death rowand the 9 countries with more than 3 people on death row where there are no women on death row.5 There are some exceptions which are detailed in the following section “information about countries where there are no women on deathrow", see infra, p. 11.42countries ;54%19countries;24%9countries;12%8countries;10%Women on death row in allretentionist and abolitionist inpractice countriesCountries with more than 3 people on death row andwhere women are on death rowCountries with 3 or less people on death row andwhere there are no women on death rowCountries with more than 3 people on death row andwher [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ENG_Country-Mapping-report_Women-on-Death-Row.pdf ) [276] => Array ( [objectID] => 22567 [title] => Gender and Death Penalty Glossary [timestamp] => 1690848000 [date] => 01/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gender-and-death-penalty-glossary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of the integration of a gender and intersectional approach into its strategy, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) decided to develop a glossary to identify and define the key terms of which the abolitionist movement should be aware to consider gender and other axes of intersectional discrimination at work in the capital punishment process, and more broadly to mainstream gender into their abolitionist work. This glossary was developed based on existing glossaries of World Coalition members on closely related topics, existing international definitions and standards established by international human rightsmechanisms as well as based on definitions written by international organizations specializing inwomen's rights and LGBTQIA+ people’s rights.This glossary aims to support the abolitionist movement in recognizing the gender and intersectional biases at work in the judicial process leading to the death penalty and to contribute to the developmentof a common language around these issues, a process initiated a few years ago by members of theWorld Coalition Against such as the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. Moreover, this glossary also aims to promote the integration of a gender approach into the internal workings o fabolitionist organizations. [texte] => 20Table of contentsAcknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 4List of words sorted in alphabetical order: ..................................................................................... 5Gender-related terms ................................................................................................................... 6• Gender ......................................................................................................................................... 6• Gender binary .............................................................................................................................. 6• Gender expression....................................................................................................................... 6• Gender identity............................................................................................................................ 6• Sex ............................................................................................................................................... 6• Gender non-conformity ............................................................................................................... 6• Gender stereotypes ..................................................................................................................... 7• Gender bias ................................................................................................................................. 7• Gender-based discrimination ...................................................................................................... 7• Gender-based violence ................................................................................................................ 7• Violence against women.............................................................................................................. 8• Sexual violence ............................................................................................................................ 8• Harassment.................................................................................................................................. 8• Intersectionality ........................................................................................................................... 9• Forced marriage........................................................................................................................... 9• Child marriage ............................................................................................................................. 9• Homosexuality ........................................................................................................................... 10• Heterosexuality.......................................................................................................................... 10• Lesbian....................................................................................................................................... 10• Gay ............................................................................................................................................. 10• Bisexual ...................................................................................................................................... 11• Homophobia .............................................................................................................................. 11• Biphobia..................................................................................................................................... 11• Transgender / Trans ................................................................................................................... 11• Non-binary ................................................................................................................................. 11• Transsexual ................................................................................................................................ 11• Transphobia ............................................................................................................................... 11• Cisgender ................................................................................................................................... 12• Queer ......................................................................................................................................... 12• Intersex people .......................................................................................................................... 12• Asexual....................................................................................................................................... 12• LGBTQIA+ ................................................................................................................................... 121• SOGIESC ..................................................................................................................................... 13• Pronouns / Preferred gender pronouns .................................................................................... 13• Deadname ................................................................................................................................. 13Death penalty-related terms ....................................................................................................... 14• Right to fair trial......................................................................................................................... 14• Consular access ......................................................................................................................... 14• Mitigating factor/circumstances ................................................................................................ 14• Self-defense ............................................................................................................................... 15• Romance scam........................................................................................................................... 15• Harm reduction ......................................................................................................................... 15• Drug offense .............................................................................................................................. 16• Zina ............................................................................................................................................ 16• CEDAW ....................................................................................................................................... 16• Nelson Mandela Rules ............................................................................................................... 17• Bangkok Rules............................................................................................................................ 17• The Yogyakarta Principles .......................................................................................................... 17Terms related to gender-sensitive project management............................................................... 18• Gender mainstreaming .............................................................................................................. 18• Gender-sensitive ........................................................................................................................ 18• Gender-disaggregated data ....................................................................................................... 18• Gender-responsive budget ........................................................................................................ 18• Gender-sensitive indicators ....................................................................................................... 19• Gender-neutral/inclusive language ........................................................................................... 192Gender Glossary: World Coalition Against the DeathPenaltyJune 2023This publication has been produced with generous support from the Government of Canada.The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition and can in no waybe taken to reflect the views of the Government of Canada.3IntroductionAs part of the integration of a gender and intersectional approach into its strategy, the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty (World Coalition) decided to develop a glossary to identify and define thekey terms of which the abolitionist movement should be aware to consider gender and other axes ofintersectional discrimination at work in the capital punishment process, and more broadly tomainstream gender into their abolitionist work. This glossary is not an exhaustive presentation of allterminology related to gender and the death penalty, and each of the terms proposed is not defined indetail. It can be seen as a starting point for the explanation of terms and concepts related to thissubject. The words and expressions contained in this glossary are those that we have found most usefulfor conducting gender-sensitive abolitionist work, but also those that often pose the most problems ofinterpretation. In addition, it is important to stress that the definitions of the terms in this glossary mayvary according to place and culture, and are constantly evolving.This glossary was developed based on existing glossaries of World Coalition members on closely relatedtopics1, existing international definitions and standards established by international human rightsmechanisms as well as based on definitions written by international organizations specializing inwomen's rights and LGBTQIA+ people’s rights2.This glossary aims to support the abolitionist movement [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_-Gender-and-Death-Penalty-Glossary.pdf ) [277] => Array ( [objectID] => 22540 [title] => How to Insert Gender issues in Abolitionist Advocacy? [timestamp] => 1690848000 [date] => 01/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-insert-gender-issues-in-abolitionist-advocacy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This tool was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) in partnership with the Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR), after noting the limited integration of gender issues into the abolitionist advocacy of the World Coalition's member organizations. This tool has also been edited and enrichened by the World Coalition's Gender Working Group.As part of the "Leave No Woman Behind on Death Row" project, this tool aims to assist World Coalition members and partners in implementing gender-sensitive abolitionist advocacy.In this document, intended to be a practical tool, guidance is provided on how to incorporate gender-specific recommendations into abolitionist advocacy with human rights bodies. This tool focuses recommendations made by civil society organizations (CSOs) to international and regional human rights bodies, intended to encourage national authorities to act in a certain way. Human rights mechanisms and bodies serve as crucial actors in legitimizing and supporting CSOs work on the ground. A recommendation made by a CSO can, in turn, be accepted by a human rights special mechanism and be transformed into an official recommendation to the State. From there, CSOs can continue to use this official recommendation in their national advocacy to strengthen their claim and position, fulfilling a virtuous circle in advocacy work.In this document, the recommendations made are done pending full abolition of the death penalty. They are seen as transitional steps towards full abolition of the death penalty in law and in practice.This tool is divided into two sections. The first part focuses on how to increase visibility of the discrimination faced by women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. The second part focuses on the discrimination faced by LGBTQIA+ people during the same judicial process. In both sections, definitions are provided as well as background information in order to understand the issues at stake in each of the themes. [texte] => 2How to insert gender issues in abolitionistadvocacy?World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyJune 2023This publication has been produced with generous support from the Government of Canada. The content of thispublication is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of theGovernment of Canada.3Introductory remarksThis tool was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) in partnershipwith the Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR), after noting the limited integration of gender issues into theabolitionist advocacy of the World Coalition's member organizations. This tool has also been edited andenrichened by the World Coalition's Gender Working Group.As part of the "Leave No Woman Behind on Death Row" project, this tool aims to assist World Coalitionmembers and partners in implementing gender-sensitive abolitionist advocacy.The World Coalition believes in the importance of making gender and intersectional discrimination in thejudicial process leading to the death penalty more visible. Although women currently represent less than5% of the world's death row population, analysis of their profiles, backgrounds, and the crimes for whichthey have been sentenced to death reveals significant gender bias in the criminal justice process as it relatesto capital punishment. Women are exposed to intersectional discrimination throughout the judicial processleading to a sentence of death as well as during their imprisonment waiting for execution. Choosing tointegrate gender issues and intersectional discrimination in the abolitionist struggle is a necessary steptowards a complete and inclusive human rights-based approach to capital punishment. This approach alsoprovides an additional lens to highlight the discriminatory, inhumane, and unjust nature of the deathpenalty and call for its universal abolition.In this document, intended to be a practical tool, guidance is provided on how to incorporate gender-specific recommendations into abolitionist advocacy with human rights bodies. This tool focusesrecommendations made by civil society organizations (CSOs) to international and regional human rightsbodies, intended to encourage national authorities to act in a certain way. Human rights mechanisms andbodies serve as crucial actors in legitimizing and supporting CSOs work on the ground. A recommendationmade by a CSO can, in turn, be accepted by a human rights special mechanism and be transformed into anofficial recommendation to the State. From there, CSOs can continue to use this official recommendationin their national advocacy to strengthen their claim and position, fulfilling a virtuous circle in advocacy work.In this document, the recommendations made are done pending full abolition of the death penalty. Theyare seen as transitional steps towards full abolition of the death penalty in law and in practice.This tool is divided into two sections. The first part focuses on how to increase visibility of the discriminationfaced by women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. The second part focuses on thediscrimination faced by LGBTQIA+ people during the same judicial process. In both sections, definitions areprovided as well as background information in order to understand the issues at stake in each of the themes.The World Coalition would like to thank Nathan Madson, Xavière Prugnard, Doreen N Kyazze and RuthBirgin for their valuable contributions.4IndexI. Key recommendation to insert the issue of women and the death penalty .............................................................. 51. General information on women and the death penalty ................................................................... 5Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 5General information ................................................................................................................................ 72. Standard recommendations for retentionist or abolitionist in practice countries where womenare on death row ......................................................................................................................................... 9General recommendations: .................................................................................................................... 9Specific recommendations for countries with a high proportion of women sentenced to death fordrug offense: ......................................................................................................................................... 10Recommendations related to the custody of women accused of capital offenses and to theconditions of detention in death row: .................................................................................................. 113. Standard recommendations retentionist or abolitionist in practice countries where there are nowomen on death row actually but there could be.................................................................................... 11General recommendations: .................................................................................................................. 11Recommendations related to prisons conditions: ................................................................................ 11II. Key recommendation to insert the issue of LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ..................................... 131. General information on LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ........................................... 13Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 13General information .............................................................................................................................. 152. Standard recommendations on LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ..................................... 18Recommendations for countries where same-sex sexual activity may result in a sentence of death . 18Recommendations for countries where LGBTQIA+ individuals could be on death row ....................... 18III. Key Resources on women and LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ................................................ 201. General resources on women and the death penalty ..................................................................... 202. General resources on LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ............................................... 205I. Key recommendation to insert the issue of women and thedeath penaltyReminder of the key pointers for making visible the specific intersectional discrimination women on deathrow experience:- Always disaggregate data by sex, gender, age, social class, family status, disability, and reason for con-viction when referring to people on death row.- Make visible gender bias in the use of death penalty by providing information about discrimination facedby women at all stages of the criminal justice process: investigation (potential bias by law enforcementand communities), trial (regarding barriers to accessing a fair trial), sentencing (when gender mitigatingfactors are not considered such as a background of gender-based violence), etc.- Insert specific recommendations related to women in any abolitionist advocacy (suggestions can befound in this document).o The recommendations in bold are the priority recommendations to be used in the shortest docu-ments, like the 1 pager.o If the target country has a high rate of death sentences for drug trafficking, insert specific recom-mendations about women and drug trafficking.o Recommendations must be adapted according to the available information of the situation ofwomen on death row in the target country.1. General information on women and the death penaltyDefinitions• Women — Women refers to cisgender women (whose gender identity corresponds with theirgender assigned at birth) and transgender women (whose gender identity is different fromtheir gender assigned at birth)• Sex — Classification of individuals on the basis of biological and physiological sex characteris-tics (such as internal and external genitalia and sex organs). Sex is assigned at birth based oninternal and external anatomical characteristics and recorded on the birth certificate1. In mostcountries, sex is based on a binary vision which excludes intersex people (see definition below).• Gender — Refers to the associated sociocultural attribution of roles, behaviors, activities andidentities associated with men, women, girls, boys, and persons of other genders, as well asthe relations between women, men, and persons of other genders. More generally, genderrefers to characteristics that society assigns to men and women, girls and boys, and personsof other genders. It differs from “sex” (see this definition) as gender refers to characteristicsthat are socially constructed rather than determined by physical attributes, varies accordingto context, and changes over time. The social construction of gender defines what is expectedand valued for men, women, and persons of other genders, in a specific context2.• Gender-based discrimination — Any distinction, exclusion, or restriction with respect to a per-son or group of persons, based on gender, that “has the effect or purpose of impairing, ornullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise”3 of human rights of that person or group of1 ILGA Europe, Glossary, https://www.ilga-europe.org/about-us/who-we-are/glossary/2 United Nations Women, Concepts and Definition, available at: https://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/conceptsandefini-tions.htm3 The definition of gender-based discrimination proposed in this document is based on the definition of discrimination againstwomen proposed by the United Nations General Assembly. See : United Nation [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_-How-to-insert-gender-issues-in-abolitionist-advocacy-.pdf ) [278] => Array ( [objectID] => 22340 [title] => Ratification Kit – Zambia [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-zambia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Zambia_EN.pdf ) [279] => Array ( [objectID] => 22331 [title] => Ratification Kit – Central African Republic [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-central-african-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CentralAfricanRepublic_EN.pdf ) [280] => Array ( [objectID] => 22276 [title] => Ratification Kit – Ghana [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-ghana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Ghana_EN-1.pdf ) [281] => Array ( [objectID] => 22304 [title] => Ratification Kit – Papua New Guinea [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-papua-new-guinea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/PapuaNewGuinea_EN.pdf ) [282] => Array ( [objectID] => 22223 [title] => Notes on the Supreme Court Trial in the Chen Fu-hsiang Case: Life or Death Debates in the Style of ChatGPT [timestamp] => 1689292800 [date] => 14/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/notes-on-the-supreme-court-trial-in-the-chen-fu-hsiang-case-life-or-death-debates-in-the-style-of-chatgpt/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/taiwan-suprem-court-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Article first published in april on TAEDP’s website Return of life or death debates Following the previous oral arguments on death penalty cases at the Supreme Court in 2021, another life or death debate took place in April this year. This time, I had the opportunity to attend the oral arguments of the “Chen Fu-hsiang […] [texte] => Article first published in april on TAEDP's websiteReturn of life or death debatesFollowing the previous oral arguments on death penalty cases at the Supreme Court in 2021, another life or death debate took place in April this year. This time, I had the opportunity to attend the oral arguments of the "Chen Fu-hsiang death penalty case" at the Supreme Court. Unlike the usual setup with teams from both the defense and prosecution, there was only one lawyer and one prosecutor present in court this time. (more…) "Notes on the Supreme Court Trial in the Chen Fu-hsiang Case: Life or Death Debates in the Style of ChatGPT" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [283] => Array ( [objectID] => 22195 [title] => Academic University for Non-Violence and Human Rights – AUNOHR [timestamp] => 1689292800 [date] => 14/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/academic-university-for-non-violence-and-human-rights-aunohr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/aunohr-logo-bilingual-500x420.jpg [extrait] => AUNOHR, www.aunohr.edu.lb, the Academic University for Non-Violence and Human Rights, is a non-profit independent institution of higher education, first-of-its-kind in Lebanon and the region and unique worldwide. Founded in 2014 after a pilot project (2009-2011), its main objectives are both: academic professionalism and for social change, starting with the personal development of every student. The […] [texte] => AUNOHR, www.aunohr.edu.lb, the Academic University for Non-Violence and Human Rights, is a non-profit independent institution of higher education, first-of-its-kind in Lebanon and the region and unique worldwide.Founded in 2014 after a pilot project (2009-2011), its main objectives are both: academic professionalism and for social change, starting with the personal development of every student.The faculty members are from around the world, and its international advisory council formed by Nobel Peace laureates and philosophers.The legacy of AUNOHR is based on the pioneering experience of its founders, Ogarit Younan and Walid Slaybi, over the past four decades.AUNOHR offers Master’s and University Diploma Degree (BA and PhD: soon), in nine following Majors with more than %50 of the curriculum innovation: Education, Training, Mediation, Theater, Citizenship, Communication, Human Rights, Civil Strategies, and Culture of Non-Violence.In addition, a specialized Center for Active and Academic Training provides professional and grassroots’ programs with university certificates.The official language used at AUNOHR is Arabic, in addition to courses in English and French.Many agreements were signed with other universities, the last one with Bordeaux-Montaigne university “The Chair UNESCO for Non-Violence and Social Work”.Some of its initiatives nurturing and institutionalizing this culture at the heart of the society: “The National Day for Non-Violence in Lebanon” on October 2nd (decree by the government in 2016). The universal statute of Non-Violence “Knotted gun” in Beirut, in 2018. The integration of the culture of Non-Violence in the national curriculum for all schools in Lebanon, after signing an agreement with the ministry of education and CERD in 2018...The best message on AUNOHR about its impacts could only be that of students. Testimonials (short videos).Awards: The 2019 Fondation Chirac Prize to the university. The Gandhi International Award 2022 to the founders.AUNOHR founders were associated with the abolition of the death penalty in Lebanon since 1997. They are the founders of the first national Campaign (coalition) in the history of this country for the abolition of the death penalty. They created in AUNOHR an academic course and modules on this subject as a new kind of university teaching. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [284] => Array ( [objectID] => 22025 [title] => TESTIMONIES- 21 st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/testimonies-21-st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, Amnesty International, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Free Mumia ! French Support Group (Collectif français “Libérons Mumia !”), German Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan, […] [texte] => This document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, Amnesty International, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Free Mumia ! French Support Group (Collectif français "Libérons Mumia !"), German Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan, Parliamentarians for Global Action, Reprieve, Sant'Egidio, Taiwan Alliance Against the Death Penalty and Witness to Innocence. Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in which they were received, with edits being made either for clarity, security or for length. If a testimony has been edited, it will be stated. We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.121st World Day Against the Death PenaltyTESTIMONIESTorture and the Death PenaltyThis document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against theDeath Penalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including AbdorrahmanBoroumand Center, Amnesty International, Cornell Center on the Death PenaltyWorldwide, Free Mumia ! French Support Group (Collectif français "Libérons Mumia!"), German Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan,Parliamentarians for Global Action, Reprieve, Sant'Egidio, Taiwan Alliance Against theDeath Penalty and Witness to Innocence.Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in whichthey were received, with edits being made either for clarity, security or for length. If atestimony has been edited, it will be stated.We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.2Table of contentsIndonesia...............................................................................................4Merri Utami 4Iran........................................................................................................4Bahram Ahmadi 4Hashem Sha'baninejad 4Navid Afkari 5Behnud Shojaei 5Behruz Alkhani’s Brother 5Reyhaneh Jabbari Malayeri 6Anonymous – Wife 6Serveh Mahmudzadeh 7Anonymous – Sister 7Homa Shahsavaripour 8Anonymous – Sister 8Owdeh Afravi 9Shirin Alamhouli 9Zeinab Sekaanvand 10Malawi.................................................................................................10Gerald Banda 10Malaysia ..............................................................................................11Angelia Selvam 11Pakistan...............................................................................................12Kanizan Bibi’s Father 12Taiwan.................................................................................................12Death Row Inmate A 12Death Row Inmate B 13Death Row Inmate C 13Tanzania ..............................................................................................13Habiyalimana Augustino 14Miburo Abdulkarim 14Nzigiyimana Zabron 15United States of America.....................................................................153Gabi Uhl 15Sunny Jacobs 16Mumia Abu-Jamal 17Joaquin Martinez 18Shujaa Graham 19Kirk Bloodsworth 19Debra Milke 20Melissa Lucio 20Randal Padgett 21Ralph “Ron“ Wright Jr. 22Christa Pike 22Zimbabwe............................................................................................23Army Zulu 234IndonesiaMerri Utami“Twenty years ago (this October), I was sentenced to death for a drug offense. I have spent 20years in prison for an act I did not understand at the time. During this long imprisonment, Ihave suffered a lot. I still remember how the media covered my case when I was arrested anddubbed me the ‘Queen of Heroin.’ I had no chance to tell the truth. I still remember that duringthe police investigation stage, I said repeatedly that the drugs were not mine, but no one wasthere to help me, and no one believed me. They tortured me, but even then, I would notconfess.”Testimony collected by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide.IranBahram AhmadiDuring his detention period, Mr. Ahmadi was frequently tortured. Hetold his cellmates that his interrogators used electric shocks, lashing,food deprivation, and threats against his family in order to get him toconfess to having links to extremist groups whose goal was tooverthrow the regime. Interrogators also insulted and demeaned Mr.Ahmadi as a Sunni and attacked his religious beliefs.Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7321/bahram-ahmadiHashem Sha'baninejad“After spending five months in the Ministry of Information’s secret solitaryconfinement, I succumbed to their wishes and did everything they askedme to, uttering the words that were dictated to me. Two months after thefalse confession, I was transferred to Karun Prison…At the first trial, whichwas conducted on May 21, 2012, I told the truth to the judge…I emphasizedto the judge that I had implicated others at the behest of the security forcesand that I had been coerced to do so under mental and psychologicalduress and under [physical] torture.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center: 5https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/71725/hashem-shabaninejad-amuriNavid Afkari“They would pull a plastic bag over my head and drive me to the brinkof asphyxiation and death. They would severely beat me on my arms,legs and stomach with clubs and other hard objects and wouldrepeatedly insult me using the vilest language. They would tie me upand pour alcohol down my nose.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center in 2021:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-8506/navid-farshidafkari-sangariBehnud ShojaeiAn alleged juvenile offender, he was informed of his own imminent execution five times beforebeing put to death in 2009. On three of these occasions, he went to the gallows, where hewitnessed 14 hangings.“I have spent four and a half years of my life in jail among a bunch ofcriminals since I was 17. I swear to God, the punishment I have suffered isenough to last a lifetime. I pray to God that even [my] worst enemy doesn’tend up in a place like this.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7591/behnud-shojaiBehruz Alkhani’s Brother“He had been tortured during detention. They had drilled a hole into hisankle and broken his fingers. They gave my brother electric shocks andbeat him up with a cable on numerous occasions.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-8093/behruz-alkhani6Kamal Molaii“They tortured me and said, ‘We’re going to kill you, we’re going topersecute your family; you must accept everything we tell you and say it infront of the camera, say that you did it; you must sign every letter we bringyou.’ Fearing for my family and to stop them from increasing the torture, Iagreed.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7624/kamal-molaiiReyhaneh Jabbari Malayeri"The chubby man [in interrogations] pulled my head back, and thebeardless man slapped my ears a few times: left, right, left, right. Iexperienced the first real thrashing of my life...I felt something in myback. I felt the swelling of my skin, and then...rip....my skin ruptured. Ihad a vision of my little sisters being made helpless like me...They boundyour hands and feet. Then they hung you from a rod, like a piece ofclothing, and kicked you in your stomach with their knees ...."Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7338/reyhaneh-jabbari-malayeriAnonymous – WifeHer husband was put to death on drug charges in May 2016”My daughter’s behavior changed when my husband died. She became abrasive and angry. IfI raise my voice a little, she immediately raises hers and says, “I wish my father was here withme”. A few nights ago, she was in her room studying and didn’t answer, no matter how manytimes I called her. I went to her room and saw that she was hugging her father’s picture andlying down under her blanket.Sometimes she says she misses her father: “Why didBaba leave? Why are you and I alone?” And sometimesshe asks: “Do you love me, Mommy?” and I say that Ido, and she says: “Don’t love me, and I won’t love youbecause God quickly takes those that you love away. Iwon’t have anybody if God takes you from me. My Babais gone; who do I stay with if you leave me too?” Othertimes she asks: “Mommy, am I a good girl? Are you happy with me?” to which I say yes, andMy daughter’s behavior changedwhen my husband died. Shebecame abrasive and angry. If Iraise my voice a little, sheimmediately raises hers.7then she says: “So I will go be with Baba. Isn’t that what you say, that God takes good peopleaway? Well, I want to go be with Baba as soon as possible.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3264Serveh MahmudzadehShe is the wife of Habib Afshari, an ethnic Kurd executed on security-related charges in 2015.”I didn’t know how to break it to her [that her father had been executed]. I thought it best tohold off until she was older, thinking that she might realize it herself when she noticed that herfather was not calling and we weren’t going for visitations anymore...But one of her classmatesat school, whose mother knew me and used to come to the hair salon where I worked, had toldthe other children…and that was how she learned she no longer had a father.She was depressed for about three months. I would tellher to study and do her homework when she camehome, and she would cry; I would tell her to get herbook out of her bag, and she would cry. In short, shewould cry for any reason and for no reason at all. Shewould get on the kitchen counter and say, “I’m going tojump off of here and kill myself. Why didn’t you tell methey killed my father? Why did you lie to me when youtold me they had transferred him t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/TestimoniesJM_EN-08-07.pdf ) [285] => Array ( [objectID] => 22016 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – traditional Chinese [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-traditional-chinese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-trad-chn.pdf ) [286] => Array ( [objectID] => 22007 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Japanese [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-jp.pdf ) [287] => Array ( [objectID] => 21998 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Urdu [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-urdu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-ur.pdf ) [288] => Array ( [objectID] => 21989 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Akan [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-akan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-ak.pdf ) [289] => Array ( [objectID] => 21980 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Luganda [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-luganda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-lu.pdf ) [290] => Array ( [objectID] => 21971 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Italian [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-italian/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-it.pdf ) [291] => Array ( [objectID] => 21962 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Swahili [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-swahili/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-swa.pdf ) [292] => Array ( [objectID] => 21953 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – German [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-de.pdf ) [293] => Array ( [objectID] => 21888 [title] => World Coalition held first General Assembly in East Africa [timestamp] => 1688688000 [date] => 07/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-first-general-assembly-in-east-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/general-assembly-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ICJ-Kenya its first General Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya on 23-24 June 2023. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ICJ-Kenya its first General Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya on 23-24 June 2023. (more…) "World Coalition held first General Assembly in East Africa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [294] => Array ( [objectID] => 21870 [title] => Abolition Death Penalty of Iraq Organization [timestamp] => 1688083200 [date] => 30/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/abolition-death-penalty-of-iraq-organization/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/logo-Abolition-Death-Penalty-of-Iraq-500x375.jpg [extrait] => According to the Abolition Death Penalty of Iraq Organization, capital punishment is the state’s terminology for murder. Individuals murder each other, but states sentence individuals to ‘capital punishment.’ The demand to end capital punishment and prohibit murder stems from opposition to intentional, deliberate and planned murder of one by the other. That a state or […] [texte] => According to the Abolition Death Penalty of Iraq Organization, capital punishment is the state's terminology for murder. Individuals murder each other, but states sentence individuals to 'capital punishment.' The demand to end capital punishment and prohibit murder stems from opposition to intentional, deliberate and planned murder of one by the other. That a state or ruling political force is responsible does not make the slightest difference to the fact that we are dealing with intentional murder. Capital punishment is the most deplorable and form of intentional murder since a political authority, publicly, with prior notice, on behalf of society, with the utmost legitimacy and ruthlessness, decides to murder someone, and announces the date and time of the event. Indeed, the organization is working to abolish the death penalty in Iraq, eridicate torture of prisoners and defends the rights of prisoners according to the international standards. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [295] => Array ( [objectID] => 21852 [title] => DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1688083200 [date] => 30/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ditshwanelo-the-botswana-centre-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Ditshwanelo-logo.png [extrait] => DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights was established in 1993 and since then has remained the only organisation in Botswana dealing with varied aspects of human rights. We work to advocate for changes in laws, policies and practices, and to raise public awareness of rights and responsibilities. We also provide paralegal services to […] [texte] => DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights was established in 1993 and since then has remained the only organisation in Botswana dealing with varied aspects of human rights. We work to advocate for changes in laws, policies and practices, and to raise public awareness of rights and responsibilities. We also provide paralegal services to those earning less than the minimum wage. (more…) "DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights" [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Botswana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [296] => Array ( [objectID] => 21816 [title] => World Drugs Day: UNODC must act to stop the use of death penalty for drug-related offences and urge states to end executions [timestamp] => 1687824000 [date] => 27/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-drugs-day-statement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/statement-june-23-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 26 June, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is marking World Drugs Day with the theme “People first: stop stigma and discrimination, strengthen prevention”, and launched another edition of the World Drug Report. Sadly, as has been the case over the years, UNODC has failed to raise concerns over the continued use […] [texte] => On 26 June, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is marking World Drugs Day with the theme “People first: stop stigma and discrimination, strengthen prevention”, and launched another edition of the World Drug Report. Sadly, as has been the case over the years, UNODC has failed to raise concerns over the continued use of the death penalty for drug-related offences despite a sharp increase last year in known executions for these offences. (more…) "World Drugs Day: UNODC must act to stop the use of death penalty for drug-related offences and urge states to end executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [297] => Array ( [objectID] => 21790 [title] => International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: Understanding the link between the Death Penalty and Torture [timestamp] => 1687737600 [date] => 26/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-day-in-support-of-victims-of-torture-understanding-the-link-between-the-death-penalty-and-torture/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/world-day-against-torture-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Today, 26th June 2023, the world is commemorating the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International Day). Started in 1987, this International Day began when the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UN Convention Against Torture) came into force; a crucial legal text to combat […] [texte] => Today, 26th June 2023, the world is commemorating the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International Day). Started in 1987, this International Day began when the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UN Convention Against Torture) came into force; a crucial legal text to combat torture. Dedicated to people who have been victims of and to those who endure torture today, this International Day promotes awareness and actions to eradicate torture. (more…) "International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: Understanding the link between the Death Penalty and Torture" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [298] => Array ( [objectID] => 21883 [title] => Children, Youth and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1687478400 [date] => 23/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-youth-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ICDP announces the launch of its latest report: Children, Youth and the Death Penalty. The issue of how the death penalty affects children and youth is often ignored by policy makers. This report aims to change that by putting the protection of children's rights at the center of the debate on the death penalty.The report builds on the panel discussion titled “Youth and the Death Penalty,” which was organized by the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) and the Government of Australia. The discussion was held on 29 June 2022, at the sidelines of the 50th session of the UN Human Rights Council, in Geneva. [texte] => CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTY7IntroductionThe issue of how the death penalty affects children and youth is often ignored by policy makers.This report aims to change that by putting the protection of children´s rights at the center of thedebate on the death penalty.The report builds on the panel discussion titled “Youth and the Death Penalty” which was orga-nized by the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) and the Government ofAustralia. The discussion was held on 29 June 2022, at the sidelines of the 50th session of theUN Human Rights Council, in Geneva. 1The report uses the terms ‘children’ and ‘youth’ in line with international human rights standardsand United Nations definitions. It provides an overview of the context of the death penalty andthe current state of capital punishment, with a special focus on how the death penalty affectschildren.While most states today do not execute children, there are some that detain them on chargesthat carry the death penalty and also sentence them to death. These children face cruel, inhu-man treatment, including imprisonment during trial and during the appeals process.Importantly, the report addresses the less-discussed issue of how the death penalty impactschildren whose parents or other close family members are charged with death penalty-applica-ble offences, are sentenced to death, or have been executed. These children face social stigma,discrimination, and physical and psychological consequences, as the children of people who havecommitted serious crimes.The report discusses international standards relating to children and the death penalty, in partic-ular the provisions for the abolition of capital punishment for those below the age of 18. Cruciallythe report highlights the issue of determining the age of children, as this is central to abolishingthe death penalty for children.1 The side-event consisted of a panel discussion with presentations of the international human rights legal framework providing for theabolition of the death penalty for children (people below the age of 18), analysis of its widespread acceptance by a large majority ofcountries, its continued use despite this, and relevant data from countries that retain the death penalty for those children. The speakersin the panel included:- Marta Santos Pais, ICDP Commissioner and former Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on Violen-ce against Children- Simon Walker, Chief of Rule of Law and Democracy Section, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)- Kirsten di Martini, Senior Child Protection Adviser, UNICEF (online)- Laurel Townhead, Representative (Human Rights and Refugees), Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO)- Sabrina Butler-Smith · Survivor who was wrongfully sentenced to death as a juvenile offender (video testimony).The panel was moderated by Ambassador Amanda Gorely, the Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations Office inGeneva.CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYThe report examines the efforts of organizations such as UNICEF, the UN Office of the High Com-missioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the Quakers United Nations Office (QUNO) and ICDPCommissioner Marta Santos Pais, the former UN Secretary General´s Special Representative onViolence against Children, who presented at the 29 June 2022 event. These interventions drewmuch-needed attention to the death penalty and its impact on children and youth, and provideda way forward for future work to ensure that no child is sentenced to death and or executed.At the end of the report the presentations of the speakers at the side event are included, whichalso features the testimony of Sabrina Butler Smith, a juvenile death penalty exoneree. She isnow a powerful voice against capital punishment in the USA, having suffered grievous humanrights violations through the process of being tried and sentenced to death as an adult when shewas seventeen.There are three main reasons why the death penalty on children should be addressed as a prior-ity in the debate on abolition:• The international community has for long pledged to ban capital punishment for peopleunder the age of 18 years. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) which wasadopted more than 30 years ago, and is in force in 196 countries, states that “neither cap-ital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed foroffences committed by persons below eighteen years of age” (Article 37.) However, somecountries, including the People´s Republic of China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, theIslamic Republic of Pakistan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of South Sudan,Republic of the Sudan, and the Republic of Yemen have continued to execute of childrendespite being party to the CRC. 2• There are positive developments and good practices around the world, which can provideboth inspiration and information for the abolition of the death penalty on children and youngpeople. It is important to document, share and disseminate these good practices to influ-ence positive change.• Despite progress, children are still at risk and urgently need protection. Some countriesthat retain the death penalty continue to impose it on children. In 2021, at least 87 childrenwere under a sentence of death and at least four children were executed for crimes alleged-ly committed before they reached the age of 18.3• A lack of transparency around the death penalty in general, especially with regards tochildren, makes it difficult to obtain reliable or accurate data. There is imprecise data on theexact number of children sentenced to death, on death row or executed. Additionally, it isdifficult to confirm the age of the children at the time of the offence, the trial, and sentenc-ing, and to ascertain if they enjoyed the legal safeguards they are entitled to, including theopportunity to seek pardon or the commutation of their sentences.42 Amnesty International, “Executions of juveniles since 1990 as of November 2019”,https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/0233/2019/en/3 Amnesty International, “Death Sentences and Executions 2021”,https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/5418/2022/en/4 Presentation by ICDP Commissioner Marta Santos Pais at the side event organized by Australia and ICDP in Geneva on 29 June 2022titled “Youth and the Death Penalty,” at the sidelines of the 50th UN Human Rights Council session.9CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYIt is essential to recognize that the death penalty does not affect only those children who aresentenced to death or executed. The rights and development of children whose parents or rela-tives face the death penalty or have been executed are often negatively affected. This is over-looked by the abolitionist debate and needs to be addressed.5The difference between “children” and “youth”The CRC defines “children” as every human being below the age of 18years.6Preparing for the International Youth Year, in 1985, and endorsed by theGeneral Assembly, the United Nations defined “youth” as people be-tween the ages of 15 and 24. The United Nations while admitting that“(t)here is no universally agreed international definition of the youth agegroup…” decided to establish these categories because the sociological,psychological and health problems children and youth face may differ. 7It must be noted that “(a)ll UN statistics on youth are based on this defi-nition, as is reflected in the annual yearbooks of statistics published bythe UN system on demography, education, employment and health.”8For this report, we will follow the CRC’s definition of a child as anyoneunder the age 18 and the UN’s definitions of youth as those between theage of 15 and 24 years.5 Marta Santos Pais, “Children of parents sentenced to death or executed”, https://quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/Children%20of%20Parents%20Sentenced%20to%20Death%20or%20Executed_DGPandNS.pdf6 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “What does the UN mean by “youth” and how does this definition differ fromthat given to children”, https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/what-we-do/faq.html7 Ibid.8 Both quotes from United Nations, “Peace, Dignity and Equality on a Healthy Planet: Who are the Youth?”,https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/youth#:~:text=Who%20Are%20the%20Youth%3F,of%2015%20and%2024%20years10CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYThe expansion of the child protection system to youth9The distinction between `children´ and `youth´ is recognized by the Unit-ed Nations, but there is an ongoing debate on whether the child protec-tion system should be extended to include young people.In August 2022, the American Psychological Association (APA) publisheda resolution on whether the so-called ´late adolescents´ (those betweenthe ages of 18 and 20 years) should be eligible for the death penalty. Itcalled on courts and state and federal legislative bodies in the UnitedStates to prohibit the application of death penalty to anyone under 21years of age.The APA cited the landmark US Supreme Court decision Roper v. Sim-mons, which ruled it unconstitutional to impose capital punishment forcrimes committed while under the age of 18. The court held that juvenileoffenders were considered to be “categorically less culpable than theaverage criminal”The APA provided the following reasons for its conclusions:• Based on the current state of science, brains of 18 to 20-year-oldscannot be said to be substantially different from those of 17-year-olds.• The same characteristics of youth and immaturity that justify notimposing the death penalty on 16 and 17-year-olds are present in 18- to20-year-olds.• The 18 to 20-year-olds are still undergoing significant brain develop-ment, given that brain development does not end at the age of 17 years.• Research on both the structure and function of brain developmentshows that brain maturation, especially in some key systems, is continu-ous until at least th [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://icomdp.org/icdp-launches-report-on-children-youth-and-the-death-penalty/ ) [299] => Array ( [objectID] => 21884 [title] => Doomed to Repeat: The Legacy of Race in Tennessee’s Contemporary Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1686873600 [date] => 16/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/doomed-to-repeat-the-legacy-of-race-in-tennessees-contemporary-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report explores the current issues with capital punishment in Tennessee through a historical lens, tracing the origins of the use of the death penalty from lynchings and other forms of racial violence directed at Black Tennesseans. The stories of individuals and communities that have interacted with different facets of Tennessee’s justice system throughout history suggest that, in many ways, even though centuries have passed, the experiences of discrimination toward Tennessee’s communities of color continue. A meaningful understanding of the state’s history and its legacy of violence and racism is essential to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. [texte] => DEATH PENALTY INFORMATION CENTERD O O M E D T O R E P E A T :The Legacy of Race in Tennessee’sContemporary Death PenaltyIntroduction ............................................................................................................................1Race and the Death Penalty Throughout Tennessee’s History ......................................... 4Capital Punishment in the Antebellum Period ....................................................................4Lynchings in Tennessee ........................................................................................................7The Lynching at the Curve ........................................................................................................................ 10Similarities Between Lynchings and Executions in Tennessee ........................................ 16Ed Johnson .................................................................................................................................................18Anti-lynching Efforts .......................................................................................................... 20Mass Racial Violence ..........................................................................................................23Other Ways of Terrorizing and Exerting Social Control ................................................... 25Civil Rights Movement ....................................................................................................... 28Voting Rights History ........................................................................................................ 30Tent City in Fayette and Haywood Counties ............................................................................................ 32Continuing Influence of Racism in the Administration of the Death Penalty ............... 35Outlier Counties .................................................................................................................37Racial Biases Affect All Aspects of the Death Penalty ......................................................37Prosecutorial Decision Making.......................................................................................... 39Prosecutorial Misconduct .................................................................................................. 41The Role of Police ............................................................................................................... 43Ineffective Defense Counsel .............................................................................................. 45Abu-Ali Abdur’Rahman .............................................................................................................................48Jury Discrimination ............................................................................................................ 50Brain Injury, Intellectual Disability, and Serious Mental Illness ....................................... 51Pervis Payne .............................................................................................................................................. 54Costs of Mass Incarceration ...............................................................................................55Racial Bias in Shelby County’s Juvenile Justice System .................................................57Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 59Whenever the people of thiscity and county believe thatcapital punishment is necessaryto expiate a crime, they holdtheir own court, selectinga jury to their liking, and if thedecision of 'Guilty' is had,they finish up their work atthe old courthouse elm.”—The Evening Scimitar, 19011901Could I put an amendment onthat [bill regarding methods ofexecution] that would includehanging by a tree?1IntroductionThe historical use of capital punishment in Tennessee shows a clear connectionbetween the extrajudicial lynchings of the 1800s and 1900s and the statesanctioned death penalty practices of today.As one lynching expert notes, “[l]ocal traditions,situations, and personalities must be consideredin any attempt to explain patterns of lynching....”1This emphasis on locality parallels modern deathpenalty trends in Tennessee—as well as the rest ofthe nation—wherein death sentencing is heavilydependent on local culture, prosecutors, andperceptions. An important legacy from the lynchingera and early executions is the importance of racein determining how police, court systems, and thegeneral public respond to crimes.Given the intertwined nature of race, history, and23the death penalty, lawmakers and Tennesseans whoare considering the future of capital punishmentin their state may find it useful to reflect on howTennessee arrived at its current capital punishmentsystem. State House Representative Paul Sherrell’ssuggestion to allow executions by hanging people ontrees earlier this year shows the continued relevanceof history.At the time of publishing this report, Tennesseeis not actively executing people because a reviewof the Department of Correction’s lethal injectionprotocols revealed mistakes at every step in thelethal injection process. New protocols are expectedto be released soon, allowing executions to resume.Best practices for execution protocols may change,but the state cannot change the history of capitalpunishment and how the legacies of racial injusticeinfluence its modern capital punishment scheme.This report explores the current issues with capitalpunishment in Tennessee through a historical lens,tracing the origins of the use of the death penaltyfrom lynchings and other forms of racial violencedirected at Black Tennesseans. The stories ofindividuals and communities that have interactedwith different facets of Tennessee’s justice systemthroughout history suggest that, in many ways,even though centuries have passed, the experiencesof discrimination toward Tennessee’s communitiesof color continue. A meaningful understanding ofthe state’s history and its legacy of violence andracism is essential to avoid repeating the mistakes ofthe past.This report explores the current issues with capitalpunishment in Tennessee through a historical lens,tracing the origins of the use of the death penaltyfrom lynchings and other forms of racial violencedirected at Black Tennesseans.4Race and the Death PenaltyThroughout Tennessee’s HistoryCapital Punishment in the Antebellum PeriodHistorically, race has been an important factor in the use of capital punishmentin Tennessee. The Tennessee Slave Code of 1858—which compiled all statelaws relevant to slavery that were passed or revised following the state’s creation in1796—outlined thirteen offenses for which Black people, both enslaved and free,could receive a death sentence. Eleven of these offenses carried a mandatory deathsentence, and two provided a discretionary death sentence. By contrast, there wereonly two offenses that mandated the death penalty for white citizens.2"The Sabbath among slaves" [graphic] / Strong,Thomas W. sc., Library Company of Philadelphia.5The two offenses that would result in a deathsentence for both Black and white Tennesseanswere murder in the first degree and accessory beforethe fact to murder in the first degree. From the firstrecorded execution in 1782 to the start of the CivilWar in April 1861, at least 69 people were executedin Tennessee. Forty-eight of those executed hadbeen convicted of a crime involving murder andmost (31 of 48) were Black. The only 19th centuryexecutions of white people for crimes other thanmurder were aiding a runaway slave, Civil Warespionage, and Civil War guerilla activity.3In addition to making certain crimes only capital forBlack offenders, Tennessee’s Slave Code explicitlyvalued white victims over Black victims. Rape of awhite female, assault with violence with intent torape a white female, and intercourse or attemptedintercourse with a white female under 12 were alloffenses that mandated a death sentence if thedefendant was Black, regardless of whether theywere free or enslaved.4 These provisions reflected thedominant (and false) white narrative that Black menwere sexual predators who targeted white women.While Black men would receive mandatory deathsentences for an array of sex crimes if perpetratedagainst white women, there were no similar lawsoutlawing the rape of Black women by men of anyrace. Tennessee is not an outlier in this respect:nationally, researchers have yet to find a case inwhich a white man was executed for the rape ofa Black woman.5 In 1841, the Tennessee SupremeCourt overturned the conviction and death sentenceof an enslaved Black man because the court recorddid not establish whether the rape victim was white.The court noted, “Such an act, committed on ablack woman, would not be punished with death. Itfollows, therefore, most clearly, that this fact, whichgives to the offence its enormity, and on account ofwhich, the punishment of death is inflicted, must becharged in the indictment, and proved on the trial.”6In explicitly “protecting” white women’s bodies, thestate allowed white men to assault Black womenwith impunity.Chapter 4 of the Slave Code outlined very limitedlegal protections for enslaved people but in practice,enslaved people who were victims of crimes at thehands of white people rarely received any justice.For example, killing an enslaved person was illegaland could result in the death penalty if the accusedwere found guilty. There were carveouts, however,that justified the killing if they (1) were a ringleaderin a slave revolt plot and resisted arrest, (2) actedin resistance to their master, or (3) died whilereceiving a “moderate correction.”7 Additionally,Tennessee state courts did not allow enslaved or freeBlack people to testify against white people until1866.8 As such, the laws meant to protect enslavedpeople were largely ineffective: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/how-racial-history-informs-tennessees-death-penalty?x-craft-preview=siZ6E67M2o&token=DH7RlbTvCOSDLFePO4TZ_TB2kZ05O7hn ) [300] => Array ( [objectID] => 21749 [title] => Leaflet – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet for the 21th World Day against the death penalty (2023), on torture and the death penalty. [texte] => DEATH PENALTY: AN IRREVERSIBLE TORTURE10 OCTOBER 202321ST WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.org On 10th October 2023, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide will celebrate the 21stWorld Day Against the Death Penalty. TO FIND OUT MOREFind out everything about World Day Against the Death Penalty at :https://worldcoalition.org/ campagne/21st-world-day- against-the-death-penalty/→ The 2023 World Day poster→The Mobilization Kit →The testimoniescollection→Detailed factsheets on the death penalty around the world→The 2022 World Day Report This year, World Day is continuing the momentum it started in 2022 on understanding the link between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP).Today, 1441 States are abolitionists in law or in practice, which represents more than two-thirds of the world’s countries. According to Amnesty International’s report on the death penalty in 2022, at least 28,282 people around the globe were known to be under a sentence of death. Among those sentenced to death worldwide, women account for less than 5%.2 This conservative estimate also represents the number of people who have experienced torturous conditions and CIDTP due to their sentence.From sentencing to execution, the death penalty inevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering that can be likened to torture or ill-treatment.→ At the time of sentencing, it is considered as torture where the guarantees of a fair trial are not respected (in cases where the death sentence is the result of a confession obtained under torture) or if it is applied to vulnerable groups protected by international law such as minors, pregnant women or persons with severe psychosocial or intellectual disabilities.→ While awaiting execution, prisoners on death row face psychological torture or the "death row phenomenon" due to the long and agonizing wait, isolation, drastically reduced human contact and even the undignified physical conditions of detention.→ The execution methods - gas asphyxiation and induced hypoxia, stoning, hanging, firing squad, lethal injection, decapitation, all still used - have already been condemned by international and regional jurisprudence as torture and CIDTP.The death penalty itself should be considered a form of torture in all circumstances.The idea that the death penalty is inherently incompatible with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is shared by a large part of the international community, civil society and the academic world- and it is gaining more traction in national and regional courts.—2—— WORLD COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY — DEATH PENALTY, TORTURE AND CIDTP SINCE WORLD DAY 2022 October 2022WHAT’S NEW? UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Alice Edwards, and the Special Rapporteur on Extra-judicial summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball Binz published a joint declaration addressing the relationship between the death penalty and the absolute prohibitionof torture. Chairperson of the Human Rights Commission in Pakistan published a statement demonstrating that the application of capital punishment amounts to torture.November 20221 Amnesty International, Death Sentenced and Executions 2022 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/2 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/judged-more- than-her-crime/ The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights passed Resolution N.544 in which it urged, among other things, "States Parties to the African Charter that still retain the death penalty to fully implement the right to life, the right to human dignity and the prohibition of torture.” December 2022 the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights issued judgments regarding the death sentences of Marthine Christian Msuguri and Ghati Mwita in Tanzania. The Court reiterated that the imposition of the death penalty violates Article 5 of the African Charter, on the right to human dignity. The Court found that the psychological impact of a death sentence constitutes inhuman and degrading treatment THE DEATH PENALTY IN NUMBERS1 China2 Iran3 Saudi Arabia4 Egypt5 USAare the 5 States that executed the most in the world in 2022.23States are abolitionists in practice.112States have abolished the death penalty for all crimes.55States are retentionists .9States have abolished the death penalty for common law crimes.Statistics from Amnesty International Our deep thanks to the individuals who provided testimonies and to the organizations which sent them. For additional, full testimonies, please read 'Testimonies: Where Torture and the Death Penalty Intersect' on the World Coalition website.PAKISTANKanizan Bibi was sentenced to death in 1991. Her sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court in February 2021.“Kanizan Bibi was convicted and sentenced to death in 1991 for killing her pregnant employer and her young children. But Kanizan maintains her innocence. [..] After she was arrested, Kanizan spent 11 grueling days in police custody. Villagers reported hearing cries and screams while she was being questioned at the police station. She was suspended from a fan by a rope and beaten. Police let mice loose in her pants. She was repeatedly electrocuted. She was hospitalized for her injuries, only to be discharged to prison. Kanizan was unable to hire private counsel to defend her against the murder charges. The central piece of evidence against Kanizan was her confession. Her statement was challenged in court as the product of torture but to no avail.”Testimonial gathered by Justice Project Pakistan and shared in ‘Judged for more than her crime’ by Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide.Illustration provided by Justice Project Pakistan from the New Media Advocacy Project video. Hashem Sha’Baninejad (Amuri), was arrested in Iran in 2012 and executed in January 2014.IRAN“After spending five months in the Ministry of Information’s secret solitary confinement, I succumbed to their wishes and did everything they asked me to, uttering the words that were dictated to me. Two months after the false confession, I was transferred to Karun Prison...At the first trial, which was conducted on May 21, 2012, I told the truth to the judge...I emphasized to the judge that I had implicated others at the behest of the security forces and that I had been coerced to do so under mental and psychological duress and under [physical] torture.”Testimonial gathered and shared by Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation for the Promotion of Human Rights and Democracy in Iran.—4—— WORLD COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY — USA FloridaSunny Jacobs, was sentenced to death in the State of Florida in 1976. She was found innocent and freed in 1992.Testimonial provided by the Sunny Center, gathered by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.“I was held in solitary confinement, in complete isolation. [...] At first, I lived in fear of [the prison guards], coming into my cell to kill me. No one would have known because there was no one there. Every time you hear footsteps coming down the hallway and it’s not meal time, you wonder if they are coming to serve you your death warrant instead. I wrote my thoughts and my feelings, on little scraps of paper, so I would have something to leave behind for my children in case they did take my life. You are not allowed to work, and medical and dental care are minimal because, after all, you are going to die anyway. They take away all sense of meaning and all hope.” USA PennsylvaniaMumia Abu-Jamal, lived on death row in the State of Pennsylvania for 19 years. His death sentence was overturned in 2001, but he has remained in prison.“Why is such torture [for those sentencedto death] possible? Because the state,by creating such extreme conditions, sought to turn people into a kind of living dead, so broken that actual death would be but a relief.”Testimonial gathered by Free Mumia! French Support Group.TANZANIAMiburo Abdulkarim is a Burundian refugee who was sentenced to death in Tanzania in 2007. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 2020, and he has spent 24 years in prison. He has maintained his innocence before and after his conviction.“One day, I was dropping off a customer [with his bike-share and rides job] when I was rounded up by the police. At the police station, I was kept apart from other people and was deprived of sleep for two days. Police officers beat me repeatedly and told me that the beatings would not stop unless I confessed to a crime I did not commit. They used sticks, a wooden club and the butt of a gun. I was desperate for the beatings to stop, so I gave in to their demands. At trial, I asked to withdraw my confession and said that I was beaten and threatened. However, I had no familiarity with the court system in Tanzania, nor did I know the language. I was sentenced to death and have spent over 24 years in prison without hope of finding my family again.”Testimonial gathered and shared by Reprieve.—5—— WORLD COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY — Anonymous, is currently on death row in Taiwan.TAIWAN"Our system isn’t gonna let us [death row inmates] prove our worth. Even if they want me to go to war or guard nuclear waste, I can do it. We don't wanna be a useless person; you know what I mean? [...] We can't just live day by day and have our food and sleep like a dog in the prison till death. If they gave me a chance to read books for ten years, I might be a doctor by now. [M]aybe then I would have value and can take some responsibilities. [...] But the government puts us in prison and tortures us for a long time, and we contribute nothing. We made mistakes, but they should give us a chance to [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023_BROCHURE_EN_8p_V2_BD.pdf ) [301] => Array ( [objectID] => 21729 [title] => Mobilization Kit World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 21th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal. This year's World Day is dedicated to people who, during the process of being sentenced to death, or following the sentence of their death, have been victims of torture. [texte] => Mobilization Kit21st World Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2023Torture and the Death PenaltySince 2003, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has been organizing local initiatives and global actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to help local, regional and global actors understand the objectives of the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty and organize activities that will mobilize their communities forabolition.The World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October) aims to raise the awareness of political leaders and the general public about the death penalty in both retentionist and abolitionist countries. The meaning of abolition and of justice without capital punishment needs to be maintained and shared, particularly for future generations. This day also unites abolitionist movements and gives global support to the sometimes- isolated action taken by its abolitionists on the ground. It encourages and consolidates the political and general awareness of the movement against the death penalty.Every year, World Day focuses on a specific issue related to capital punishment, such as poverty (2017) and gender (2021). To keep the momentum we started in 2022, World Day 2023 will continue to explore the link between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment. For more information, go to:www.worldcoalition.org s1 TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................... 2[1] PRESENTATION .............................................................................. 4Main objective of the World Day 2023 ................................................................. 4Specific objectives of the World Day 2023 ........................................................ 4[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY .............................. 5 .............................................................................................................. 5[3] ORGANIZE EVENTS ........................................................................ 610 things you can do to end the death penalty................................................ 610 practical worksheets to help you! .................................................................. 7(1) HOW TO ORGANIZE A DEMONSTRATION?............................................. 7(2) ORGANIZE AN ESCAPE ROOM GAME: “ESCAPE DEATH” ................. 7(3) COLLABORATE WITH MINORITY GROUP’S RIGHTSORGANIZATIONS.......................................................................................................... 8(4) HOW TO ORGANIZE A FILM FESTIVAL ON THE DEATH PENALTY?..................................................................................................................................................8(5) HOW TO ORGANIZE AN ART EXHIBITION?............................................ 9(6) HOW TO PROMOTE THE WORLD DAY ON SOCIAL MEDIA?.............. 9(7) HOW TO WRITE A PRESS RELEASE?...................................................... 10(8) HOW TO GUARANTEE GOOD MEDIA COVERAGE FOR YOUREVENTS?........................................................................................................................ 11(9) HOW TO LEAD AN AWARENESS CAMPAIGN VIA TV/RADIO SHOW..................................................................................................................................................11(10) ENGAGING WITH PEOPLE ON DEATH ROW ......................................... 1110 Tips for a successful event!....................................................................... 12[4] WORLD DAY TOOLS YOU CAN USE.............................................. 13[5] ADDITIONAL MATERIALS ............................................................. 13 Website on the death penalty ............................................................................... 13 Film Selection.............................................................................................................14Non-fiction ......................................................................................................................... 14 Fiction ................................................................................................................................ 14 Videos ................................................................................................................................ 15 Art exhibitions and Artwork ................................................................................................ 152 [6] JOIN US !....................................................................................... 16The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.............................................16 Join the movement for the universal of the abolition of the deathpenalty!.......................................................................................................................... 16 [7] CONTACT US !............................................................................... 16Secretariat of the World Coalition: .............................................................................. 16 For further information: ................................................................................................ 163 [1] PRESENTATIONMain objective of the World Day 2023While the death penalty is tolerated by international law insofar as it can be imposed only for the most serious crimes and applied in a way that causes the least possible suffering, the prohibition of torture is a peremptory norm of international law, universally accepted by states as a norm from which no derogation is permitted. Last year, we explored the link between torture and the death penalty by shedding light on how several methods of execution, as well as other aspects of capital punishment before, during and after the sentence, may amount to torture or cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP): Whether physical, sexual, or psychological, torture can be used to obtain confessions that are then used to charge individuals and sentence them to death. While awaiting execution, prisoners on death row face psychological torture, known as the "death row phenomenon," due to the long and agonizing wait, isolation, drastically reduced human contact and even the undignified physical conditions of detention. Execution methods - gas asphyxiation and induced hypoxia, stoning, hanging, firing squad, lethal injection, decapitation, all still used - have already been condemned by international and regional jurisprudence as torture and CIDTP. Family members of victims, family members of those sentenced to death, and other persons who have relationships with those who are sentenced to death are also subjected to a form of psychological torture.This year, our main objective is to continue the momentum that we started in World Day 2022 by diving even deeper into the link between the use of the death penalty, torture and CIDTP, and reinforcing the global consensus on the understanding of capital punishment as constituting torture before, during and after the death sentence. More broadly, World Day 2023 aims to present a stronger case for the abolition of the death penalty as the most unjust, inhumane and cruel method of punishment.Specific objectives of the World Day 2023To do so, the World Coalition and its member organizations have identified specific objectives: Support abolitionist activities by sharing important tools for advocacy and mobilization Every year, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty produces tools that are shared andused by its member organizations.o A poster for the World Day Against the Death Penalty;o A leaflet on the World Day’s theme with synthetic information and testimonies; o Facts and figures on the use of the death penalty in the world;o A detailed factsheet on torture and the death penalty ;o Gender and the death penalty factsheets ;o The 2022 World Day Report;o A mobilization kit for their members.These tools will be printed both in English and French and will be available online on www.worldcoalition.org/campagne/21st-world-day-against-the-death- penalty. Additional tools for professionals, and the sharing of existing tools will be provided as well on the World Coalition website. Furthermore, the World Coalition supports events organized worldwide on 10 October as the very objective of the World Day is to support and stimulate local initiatives and actions in as many countries as possible in the world.4  Share the testimonies of survivors, executed persons and witnesses of inhuman, cruel and degrading experiences amounting to torture in the context of capital punishment. Work with human rights organizations fighting against torture and CIDTP.[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY (1) No State should have the power to take a person’s life.It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed.It is unfair. The death penalty is applied discriminatorily and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.(2)(3)(4)(5) Itdeniesanypossibilityofrehabilitation.It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological and physical suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches the principles of the1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life and that(6) no one shall be subjected t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WD2023Mobilization-kit_EN_v0.3.pdf ) [302] => Array ( [objectID] => 21709 [title] => 2022 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2022-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2022, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. [texte] => 2022 WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY REPORT Table des matièresFOREWORD ......................................................................................................... 3I. Dual Main Objectives: Both to Raise Public Awareness on the Link between the Death Penalty and Torture to convince people that the Death Penalty should be abolished and to mark the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty ................................................................................... 41. Institutional Resonance of the 20th World Day...........................................................4 2. Awareness Raising Work Undertaken by the World Coalition ......................................... 5 3. Media Coverage of World Day 2022.......................................................................5 4. Social Media Coverage of the 2022 World Day .......................................................... 6 5. WhatsApp campaign......................................................................................... 8II. Supporting Advocacy by Creating and Sharing Mobilization Tools ...................................... 8 1. Creating and Sharing World Day Tools ................................................................... 8 2. Tool Distribution ............................................................................................. 9III. Encouraging the Organization of Local Initiatives and Strengthening Abolitionist Society ....... 10 1. Breakdown of World Day 2022 Events .................................................................. 10 2. Worldwide Mobilization................................................................................... 11Americas .................................................................................................... 11 Asia .......................................................................................................... 11 Europe ....................................................................................................... 12 Middle East and North Africa ............................................................................. 12 Sub Saharan Africa......................................................................................... 13VI. Annexes ....................................................................................................... 13 1. About the World Coalition.............................................................................. 13 2. Link to list of all members ................................................................................ 142FOREWORDWhy choose torture as this year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty theme? Understanding the link between torture and the death penalty and the impact of 20 World Days.The aim of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (‘World Coalition’) is to reinforce the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to achieve universal abolition of the death penalty. In countries where the death penalty is applied, the World Coalition is working to reduce its use, for example through the supporting and invoking the respect for international human rights standards. Since the creation of the World Coalition in 2002, significant progress towards the universal abolition of the death penalty has been achieved. Numerous States that have maintained the death penalty have abolished it in practice or have since restricted its use.Observed every 10 October, the World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’) unifies the global abolitionist movement and mobilizes civil society, political leaders, lawyers, public opinion and more to support the call for universal abolition of capital punishment. The day encourages and consolidates the political and general awareness of the world-wide movement against the death penalty.In 2022, the World Day had a dual focus. First was the theme, dedicated to reflecting on therelationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment. The types of torture and other ill-treatment experienced during the long death penalty road are varied and numerous: physical or psychological torture has been applied in many cases during questioning to force confessions to capital crimes; death row phenomenon contributes to the long-term psychological decline of a person’s health; harsh death row living conditions contribute to physical deterioration; mental anguish of anticipating execution; methods of execution that cause exceptional pain, and the suffering experienced by family members and those with a close relationship with the executed person. Discriminations based on sex, gender, poverty, age, sexual orientation, religious and ethnic minority status, and others can compound cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment of individuals sentenced to death.The second focus the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the World Day by the World Coalition and its members. As the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty was marked around the world, now is a time to consider and celebrate the gains the abolitionist movement has made over the past 20 years.Now, more than ever, abolitionist actors need to continue working towards the complete abolition of the death penalty worldwide, for all crimes. Here’s to another 20 years of World Days and anti-death penalty awareness raising and activism.3I. Dual Main Objectives: Both to Raise Public Awareness on the Link between the Death Penalty and Torture to convince people that the Death Penalty should be abolished and to mark the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty1. Institutional Resonance of the 20th World DayOne of the main objectives of World Day 2022 was to raise awareness on the link between the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). Numerous intergovernmental, international, and national institutions publicly expressed their opposition towards the death penalty and torture, creating international resonance. Different angles on understanding torture and CIDTP and the death penalty created an international ricochet in different languages and country contexts.Many public statements were issued either on World Day or in the days surrounding the 10th October. Joint declarations marking the World Day and its theme, issued by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs on behalf of the European Union (EU) and the Secretary General of the Council of Europe (CE) were distributed on several EU websites, such as the Delegation of the European Union to Vietnam and to the People’s Republic of China, both retentionist countries. It was on average translated into 24 languages, including languages of retentionist countries such as Arabic, Belarussian, Vietnamese, and Farsi.A statement by the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Alice Edwards, and the UN Special Rapporteur on Extra-judicial summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz was published which jointly addressed the relationship between the death penalty and the absolute prohibition against torture and other CIDTP.Honorable Commissioner Idrissa Sow of the African Commission of Human’s and People’s Rights (ACHPR) released a statement which stated that the World Day is an opportunity to reflect on the progress made towards universal abolition, the road still to travel for complete abolition, while highlighting the link between the death penalty and torture, in the process of applying this penalty.At least 10 State governments representing abolitionist countries for all crimes or in practice, includingBelgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Kingdom of Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, released publications conveying their commitment to the international abolitionist cause on World Day 2022. Ambassador Raphael Naegeli from Switzerland (on behalf of the UK and other OSCE1 states), Honorable Mélanie Joly - Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada - and German Human Rights Commissioner Luise Amtsberg, among others, took World Day to express their stance representative of their country against the death penalty. Also on the national level, Hina Jilani, Chairperson of the Human Rights Commission in Pakistan published a statement in which she demonstrates that the application of capital punishment in Pakistan amounts to torture. At the end of October 2022, Richard Branson, a British entrepreneur and founder of the Virgin Group, tweeted criticism towards Singapore’s execution policies, and was subsequently invited for a televised debate by Singaporean authorities, but declined by saying that this opportunity should be given to local activists, pressuring Singapore to listen to their own citizens and experts on the topic. 1 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe42. Awareness Raising Work Undertaken by the World Coalition- The World Coalition used Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to carry out a ten-day social media campaign, which featured statistics and facts about abolitionist progress, as well as testimonies from people sentenced to death or affected by someone dear to them sentenced to death.- The World Coalition shared a social media toolkit with members to use text and images for their own social media campaigns.- The World Coalition released a Joint Declaration (see Annex) on the Death Penalty dedicated the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals. It was co-signed by 59 organizations in total.- The World Coalition distributed their Mobilization Kit and World Day 2022 tools for the 20th World Day to member organizations and abolitionist partners, both digitally and sending out physical packages of printed materials.- The World Coalition developed and distributed a 20th World Day Anniversary tool, aimed at reflecting and celebrating the last 20 years of World D [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/EN_World-Day-Report-2022_Short-Version-v2.1.pdf ) [303] => Array ( [objectID] => 21689 [title] => 21st World Day – Facts and Figures 2023 [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/21st-world-day-facts-and-figures-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Find the main facts and figures regarding the death penalty worldwide in 2022 and early 2023. [texte] => Torture and the Death PenaltyFACTS AND FIGURES21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [1] ABOLITIONIST ANDRETENTIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice:1• 112 countries2 abolished the death penalty for all crimes.• 9 countries3 abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes only, with exceptions placed on crimes committed in times of war.• 23 countries4 can be considered abolitionist in practice as they have not held an execution for the last 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.• In total 144 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice.• 55 countries and territories still uphold and use the death penalty.• 20 countries5 carried out executions in 2022.• In 2022, the top five executioners were China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the USA.•[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSGLOBAL ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYWhile the number of countries known to have carried out executions has increased – 20 in 2022 as compared to 18 in 2021, numerous countries continue to take steps towards abolition, solidifying the international trend. Important legislative steps have been taken to reduce the scope of the death penalty or abolish it altogether in Liberia, Malaysia, and Indonesia in 2022 and early 2023. In March 2023, Niger took1 For 2022 figures shown in this document, see: Amnesty International, Global Report Death sentences and executions. 2022 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/2 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Fiji, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome And Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Türkiye,concrete steps to amend its penal code and abolish the death penalty.Gambia, Maldives, and Sri Lanka are still observing an official moratorium on executions.Last but not least, Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, and the Central African Republic abolished death penalty for all crimes while Equatorial Guinea and Zambia abolished for ordinary crimes only. Additionally, Kazakhstan ratified the Second Optional protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty without any reservations. In June 2023, Côte d'Ivoire also passed a law authorizing ratification of the Protocol, a significant first step.[3] DEATHEXECUTIONSSENTENCES AND2022 saw the highest number of executions in thepast five years, with at least 883 executions recorded while at least 2,016 death sentences were handed down in 52 countries (compared to approx. 2,052 in 56 countries in 2021).According to Amnesty International, 13 women were known to have been executed: 12 in Iran and 1 in Saudi Arabia. Because of a lack of information and/or transparency from many retentionist governments, such as China whose figures could not be incorporated in the above number, those figures are the lowest that could be determined. As such, the number of executions and death sentences are likely to be underestimated. At the end of 2022, 28,282 people were known to be under a sentence of death.[Americas]For the 14th consecutive year, the United States was the only nation to carry out executions in the Americas. The number of executions carried out in the country increased by 64%, rising from 11 in 2021 to 18 in 202. Also, the number of death sentences handed downTurkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela.3 Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Israel, Peru, Zambia4 Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ghana, Grenada, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Niger, Russia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia.5 A figure followed with a “+” indicates the lowest reliable number of people executed although it is believed by Amnesty International that more people have been executed in reality; a “+” without any figure means Amnesty International have corroborated more than one executions but had no sufficient information to provide a credible: Afghanistan (+), Bangladesh (4), Belarus (1), China (+), Egypt (24), Iran (576+), Iraq (11+), Japan (1), Kuwait (7), Myanmar (4), North Korea (+), Palestine (State of) (5), Saudi Arabia (196), Singapore (11), Somalia (6+), South Sudan (5+), Syria (+), USA (18), Viet Nam (+), Yemen (4+). increased compared to previous years going from 18 in both 2020 and 2021 to 21 in 2022. Six US states has proceeded to executions in 2022, minus one state compared to 2021. Six men are still facing capital punishment before unfair military commissions at the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The military authorities had not carried out executions since 1961. Notably, Oregon's incumbent governor, Kate Brown, has commuted all death sentences remaining in the state. Outside the United States, only Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana handed down respectively 5+ and 4 new death sentences in 2022.[Asia]Human rights organizations working in and on China estimate the number of its executions in 2022 was in the thousands; figures pertaining to the death penalty remain a state secret in China, as in North Korea and Viet Nam. Recorded death sentences are also increased in India and Pakistan. Overall, eight countries6 recorded executions, an increase from five in 2021.The region saw a large increase in the number of new death sentences- 861 recorded in 2022, as compared to 819 in 2021. In Myanmar, military authorities have carried out executions for the first time in 40 years; among them, two high-profile opposition politicians. In the same line, Afghanistan and Singapore have resumed executions after a hiatus. For the second consecutive year, Taiwan and India have not carried out executions.[Middle East & North Africa]In Middle East and North Africa, known executions went up by 59%, with 8 countries carrying out 825 recorded executions in 2022 while it was 520 in 2021. This sharp increase is largely due to the practice of judicial executions used among repression in Iran (70%) and Saudi Arabia (24%) which carried out 94% of recorded executions in the region. In both countries, death penalty was highly used for drug-related offences. Executions in Kuwait and the State of Palestine resumed for the first time since 2017. Recorded death sentences decreased slightly in the region, going from 834 in 2021 to 827 in 2022 and were imposed in 16 countries compared to 17 in 2021. Additionally, significant reductions in death sentences were recorded in Iraq (91 to 41), Jordan (11 to 4), Lebanon (12 to 2) and Yemen (298 to 78).6Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Myanmar, North Korea, Singapore, Viet Nam[Sub Saharan Africa]In 2022, the only countries to carry out executions in Sub-Saharan Africa were Somalia, and South Sudan - The lowest number of executing countries recorded by Amnesty International in the region since 2017. Overall, there was a significant decrease in executions and in handing down of death sentences. In 2021, 373 death sentences were handed down in 19 countries and 33 individuals executed - compared to 298 convictions in 16 countries and 11 executions, respectively in 2022. Nevertheless, convictions increased in Kenya (from 14 to 79) and Nigeria (from 56 to 77).[4] EXECUTION METHODSExecutions in 2022 were carried out primarily through beheading (Saudi Arabia), hanging (Bangladesh, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Myanmar, Singapore, South Sudan, Syria), lethal injection (China, United Sates, Vietnam) and shooting (Afghanistan Belarus, China, Kuwait, North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea), Palestine (State of), Somalia, Yemen).[5] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONProgress towards abolition has been made through the adoption of international treaties, whereby States pledge not to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty has been ratified by 90 States as of May 2023.• Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights on the abolition of the death penalty, has been ratified by 13 States in the Americas.• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has now been ratified by 46 European States.• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human Rights Convention concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances has been ratified by 44 European States and signed, but not ratified by 1 other. Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides for the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace, whereas Protocol No. 13 provides for its total abolition. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights also provide for the total abolition of the death penalty but give the party States the possibility to make an exception during [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FactsFigures2023_EN-v2.pdf ) [304] => Array ( [objectID] => 21662 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 202321st WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgThe death penalty: An irreversible torture [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/AfficheA2_CMPM_EXE_EN_BD.pdf ) [305] => Array ( [objectID] => 21628 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 52nd session [timestamp] => 1684713600 [date] => 22/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-52nd-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 52nd Regular Session from February 27 to April 4, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 52nd Regular Session from February 27 to April 4, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 52nd session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [306] => Array ( [objectID] => 21619 [title] => How Likely Is the Return of the Death Penalty in Israel? [timestamp] => 1684713600 [date] => 22/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-likely-is-the-return-of-the-death-penalty-in-israel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Early 2023, the newly elected government of Israel announced an ensemble of judicial reforms; including a new bill that would introduce the death penalty for acts of terrorism. As of May 2023, the judicial reforms have been put on hold by the PM Netanyahu. This article takes a historical perspective to recontextualize the issue of […] [texte] => Early 2023, the newly elected government of Israel announced an ensemble of judicial reforms; including a new bill that would introduce the death penalty for acts of terrorism. As of May 2023, the judicial reforms have been put on hold by the PM Netanyahu. This article takes a historical perspective to recontextualize the issue of the death penalty in Israel, as well as the views of civil society organizations on the subject. (more…) "How Likely Is the Return of the Death Penalty in Israel?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Israel ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [307] => Array ( [objectID] => 22272 [title] => Ripoti Ya Kimataifa Ya Amnesty International Hukumu Za Kifo Na Watu Walionyongwa 2022 [timestamp] => 1684195200 [date] => 16/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ripoti-ya-kimataifa-ya-amnesty-international-hukumu-za-kifo-na-watu-walionyongwa-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Utafiti wa Amnesty International kuhusu matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo mwaka wa 2022 ulionyesha kwambakulikuwa na ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya watu wanaojulikana kuwa walinyongwa duniani, likiwemo ongezekokubwa la watu walionyongwa kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya [texte] => HUKUMU ZA KIFO NAWATU WALIONYONGWA2022RIPOTI YA KIMATAIFA YA AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL© Amnesty International 2020Isipokuwa pale ilipotajwa vinginevyo, maudhui katika hati hii yameidhinishwachini ya leseni ya Creative Commons (uhusishaji, isiyo ya kibiashara,hakuna vinyambuo, ya kimataifa 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeKwa maelezo zaidi ,tafadhali tembelea ukurasa wa idhini kwenye wavuti wetuwww.amnesty.orgPale ambapo maandishi yanahusishwa na mmiliki wa hakimiliki ambayeni tofauti na Amnesty International, maandishi hayo hayatadhitiwa na leseniya Creative Commons..Ilichapishwa kwanza 2020 na Amnesty International LtdJumba la Peter Benenson, Barabara ya 1 EastonLondon WC1X 0DW, UingerezaKielezo: ACT 50/6548/2023Lugha asilia: Kiingerezaamnesty.orgAmnesty International ni vuguvugu la watu milioni 10 ambalohuhamasisha ubinadamu ulio kwenye kila mtu na kuendeshakampeni ya kuleta mabadiliko ili sote tuweze kufurahia hakizetu za binadamu. Dira yetu ni kuwa na ulimwengu ambapo,walio mamlakani wanatimiza ahadi zao, wanaheshimu sheria zakimataifa na wanawajibishwa. Sisi ni shirika huru lisiloongozwana serikali, misimamo ya kisiasa, maslahi ya kiuchumiau dini yoyote na tunafadhiliwa hasa na wanachama wetuna michango ya watu binafsi. Tunaamini kwamba kwa kufanyakazi kwa mshikamano na mapenzi kwa watu kokote walikotunaweza kubadilisha jamii zetu kuwa bora zaidi.MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 3YALIYOMO1. MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022 41.1 MIENENDO YA KIMATAIFA 41.2 AFRIKA KUSINI MWA SAHARA 12MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 4MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YAKIFO 2022“Tumepunguza hukumu ya watu 30 wanaosubirikunyongwa kuwa kifungo cha maisha. [Serikali yaZambia] imefanya uamuzi, tena mkubwa kukomeshaadhabu ya kifo nchini mwetu. Tutafanya kazi na Bungekufafanua mchakato huu tunapoondokana na adhabu yakifo na kuangazia katika utunzaji [na] urekebishaji wamaisha huku tukiendelea kutoa haki kwa wote.”Rais Hakainde Hichilema, Rais wa Zambia, 24 Mei 20221MIENENDO YA KIMATAIFAUtafiti wa Amnesty International kuhusu matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo mwaka wa 2022 ulionyesha kwambakulikuwa na ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya watu wanaojulikana kuwa walinyongwa duniani, likiwemo ongezekokubwa la watu walionyongwa kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya. Mwenendo huumbaya unakinzana na mwenendo mwingine mzuri tunaouona kwa sasa: yaani, nchi kadhaa zilichukua hatuakuondokana na adhabu ya kifo mwaka wa 2022, huu ukiwa ufanisi mkubwa katika kumaliza adhabu iliyokatili, yenye kukosa ubinadamu na ya kushusha hadhi ya binadamu kuliko adhabu nyngine yoyote.Kunyonga watu kunakojulikana, bila kujumuisha maelfu ya watu wanaoaminika kunyongwa Uchina,kuliongezeka pakubwa kwa asilimia 53 ikilinganishwa na 2021, kutoka watu 579 (2021) hadi 883 (2022).Idadi ya watu walionyongwa 2022 ndiyo iliyokuwa kubwa zaidi tangu 2017 (993).2 Usiri na tabia ya nchikuzuia taarifa kutolewa kuliendelea kupotosha tathmini sahihi ya matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo katika nchikadhaa, zikiwemo Uchina, Korea Kaskazini na Viet Nam.1 ‘Hotuba ya Rais katika Maadhimisho ya Siku ya Uhuru Afrika’, Rais wa Zambia, 24 Mei 2022,https://twitter.com/HHichilema/status/1529176783567917060?s=20&t=UWGsVP5gR04PqZ3HUJ0F1Q2 Amnesty International ilirekodi visa vya watu 993 walionyongwa 2017, 690 mwaka wa 2018, 657 mwaka wa 2019, 483 mwaka wa 2020,na 579 mwaka wa 2021.MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 5Ongezeko hili kubwa hivi la visa vinavojulikana vya kunyonga watu duniani lilitokana na ongezeko la visavilivyorekodiwa Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika ya Kaskazini, ambapo idadi inayojulikana ya watu walionyongwailiongezeka kwa asilimia 59 kutoka 520 mwaka wa 2021 hadi 825 mwaka wa 2022. Asilimia 93, ambayo niidadi ya kubabaisha, ya visa vya kuwanyonga watu duniani (bila kujumuisha Uchina) 2022 vilifanyikaMashariki ya Kati na nchi zilizo Kaskazini mwa Afrika Kati ya visa 823 vilivyorekodiwa vya watu walionyongwakatika kanda hizi, asilimia 94 vilitekelezwa Iran (70%) na Saudi Arabia (24%), ambazo ni nchi mbili zilizo namazoea ya kuwanyonga watu kutokana na kesi zisizozingatia haki na ambapo ongezeko kubwa lakuwanyonga watu lilirekodiwa mwaka wa 2022. Nchini Iran, watu walionyongwa waliongezeka hadi 576kutoka 314 ikilinganishwa na mwaka uliotangulia, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia 83. Nchini Saudi Arabia,idadi iliyorekodiwa ya watu walionyongwa iliongezeka mara tatu kutoka 65 (2021) hadi 196 (2022), ambayondiyo idadi kubwa zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa na Amnesty International katika nchi moja kwa miaka 30.Nchi nne - Uchina, Iran, Saudi Arabia na Singapore - ziliwanyonga watu kwa makosa yanayohusiana nadawa za kulevya, ambao ni ukiukaji wa sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu, ambayo hukataza matumiziya adhabu ya kifo kwa uhalifu ambao haujafikia viwango vya kuainishwa kama “uhalifu hatari zaidi” (yaani,uhalifu ambao huhusu mauaji ya kimaksudi).3 Upo uwezekano mkubwa kwamba watu waliofanya makosahaya walinyongwa nchini Viet Nam, lakini visa hivi havingethibitishwa kutokana na usiri uliotumika. Kufikiamwisho wa 2022, watu 325 walirekodiwa kunyongwa kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa zakulevya. Idadi hii iliongezeka zaidi ya maradufu ikilinganishwa na watu 134 waliorekodiwa kunyongwa 2021na iliwakilisha asilimia 37 ya watu walionyongwa duniani 2022. Kati ya visa 325 vya watu waliothibitishwakunyongwa, 255 walirekodiwa kunyongwa Iran - ambapo asilimia 44 ya watu wanaojulikana kuwawalinyongwa walihusishwa na makosa ya dawa za kulevya; visa 57 vilirekodiwa Saudi Arabia - ambapoukawishaji wa kuwanyonga watu kwa makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya ambao Tume ya Haki zaBinadamu ya Saudi Arabia ilikuwa imesema kwamba ukawishaji wa unyongaji watu iliokuwa umewekwa2020 ulikamilika 2022. Visa 11 vilirekodiwa Singapore - nchi iliyorejelea kuwanyonga watu 2022 na wotewalionyongwa mwaka huo ilikuwa ni kutokana na makosa yaliyohusiana na dawa za kulevya. AmnestyInternational walithibitisha kwamba watu waliohusishwa na dawa za kulevya ndio walionyongwa Uchinalakini hawakuwa na taarifa za kutosha kuweza kutoa idadi ya chini ya watu ambao huenda walinyongwa.4Kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya kunaipaAmnesty International wasiwasi mkubwa kwani ni ukiukaji wa haki ya kuishi, inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa yahaki za binadamu na ni tishio kwa ufanisi uliopatikana kufikia sasa kukomesha adhabu ya kifo.Licha ya vizingiti vilivyoelezewa, ufanisi wa maana dhidi ya adhabu ya kifo ulipatikana 2022. Bila shaka,ulimwengu uliendelea kuondokana na adhabu ya kifo na ni nchi chache tu - ambazo pia zinaendeleakupungua - zilizotumia adhabu hiyo. Nchi sita zilikomesha hukumu ya kifo aidha kikamilifu au kiasi 2022Nchi nne – Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone na Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati – walikomeshaadhabu ya kifo kwa mokosa yote. Nchini Kazakhstan, sheria iliyokomesha adhabu ya kifo iliasisiwa Januari.Kufikia Aprili, mabadiliko kwenye Kanuni ya Sheria ya Jinai ambayo ilifuta adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yoteilianza kutumika nchini Papua New Guinea Mnamo tarehe 21 Aprili, 2021. Sheria ya Kukomesha Adhabu yaKifo ya 2021, ambayo iliondoa adhabu ya kifo kutoka kwenye sheria za Sierra Leone ilianza kutumika rasmi.Mnamo Juni 27, 2022, Rais Faustin-Archange Touadéra wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati alisaini mswada washeria ya kukomesha adhabu ya kifo ambao Bunge la Taifa lilikuwa limepitisha mwezi mmoja kabla. Kufikiamwisho wa 2022, nchi mbili – Equatorial Guinea na Zambia – zilikuwa zimekomesha adhabu ya kifo kwamakosa ya kawaida pekee. Amnesty International ilichukulia hatua hizi chanya kuwa hazijakamilika kwasababu bado zilikuwepo sheria za kijeshi za kuwanyonga watu katika nchi hizo mbili kufikia mwisho wamwaka. Mwaka wa 1977 ambapo Amnesty International ilianza kampeni yake ya kimataifa ya kukomeshaadhabu ya kifo, ni nchi 16 pekee zilizokuwa zimekomesha adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yote. Kufikia mwishowa 2022, nchi 112 zilikuwa zimekomesha adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yote na 9 zilikuwa zimeikomesha kwamakosa ya kawaida pekee.Aidha, Kazakhstani - bila masharti yoyote - ilijiunga kuwa nchi mwanachama wa Itifaki ya Pili ya Hiari kwaMkataba wa Kimataifa wa Haki za Kiraia na Kisiasa, ikilenga kumaliza kabisa adhabu ya kifo. Gambia,Maldives na Sri Lanka ziliendelea kutekeleza ukawishaji rasmi wa kuwanyoga watu. Kule Asia, serikali yaMalaysia ilichukua hatua kubadilisha adhabu ya kifo; na Bunge la Indonesia lilipitisha Kanuni mpya yaSheria ya Jinai ambayo baada ya kuanza kutumika 2026, itaruhusu kupunguzwa kwa hukumu za kifobaada ya miaka 10 ikiwa masharti fulani yatatimizwa. Katika kanda ya Afrika kusini mwa Sahara, hatua zakisheria kuelekea ukomeshaji wa adhabu ya kifo zilichukuliwa. Wabunge wa Seneti ya Liberia, mnamo Julaiwalipigia kura kwa pamoja mswada wa sheria ya kukomesha adhabu ya kifo uliokuwa unasubiri kupitishwana Bunge la Taifa mwishoni mwa 2022. Nchini Ghana, miswada ya kurekebisha Sheria ya Makosa ya Jinai3 Kamati ya Haki za Binadamu, Maoni ya Jumla Namba. 36 katika Ibara ya 6: Haki ya Kuishi, Hati ya UN CCPR/C/GC/36 aya35.4 Katika kukokotoa idadi ya jumla ya watu walionyongwa duniani kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya, wawiliwalihesabiwa Uchina kulingana na njia ya utafiti waliyoitumia Amnesty International.MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 61960 na Sheria ya Wanajeshi ya 1962 iliendelea kufanyiwa kazi ili kuondoa vipengee vya adhabu ya kifokutoka kwenye sheria hizo.Mnamo Desemba, kwenye kikao cha Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Mataifa, idadi kubwa zaidi ya nchiwanachama wa UN kuliko wakati mwingine wowote ziliunga mkono kupitishwa kwa azimio la kukawishaunyongaji wa watu kwa lengo la kuukomesha kabisa adhabu ya kifo.5 Karibu theluthi mbili za nchiwanachama wa UN - nchi 125 - zilipiga kura kupitisha azimio la tisa la kusimamisha kwa muda matumizi yaadhabu ya kifo. Uungaji mkono wa azimio hilo umeongezeka tangu lilipopitishwa mara ya mwisho Desemba2020, ishara kwamba jumuiya [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/ ) [308] => Array ( [objectID] => 22264 [title] => Amnesty International Global Report : Death Sentences and Executions 2022 [timestamp] => 1684195200 [date] => 16/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amnesty-international-global-report-death-sentences-and-executions-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2022. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCESAND EXECUTIONS2022AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORTIndex: ACT 50/6548/2023Original language: English© Amnesty International 2023Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensedunder a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives,international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website:www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than AmnestyInternational this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2023 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgAmnesty International is a movement of 10 million peoplewhich mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaignsfor change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our visionis of a world where those in power keep their promises,respect international law and are held to account. We areindependent of any government, political ideology, economicinterest or religion and are funded mainly by our membershipand individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarityand compassion with people everywhere can change oursocieties for the better.3DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2022 4AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2022 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 16AMERICAS 16ASIA-PACIFIC 21EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 27MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 28SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 33ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2022 38RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2022 38RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2022 39ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2022 40ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2022 42ANNEX IV: VOTING RESULTS OF UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 77/222,ADOPTED ON 15 DECEMBER 2022 44DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL2001751501251007550250EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2022 This map indicates the general locationsof boundaries and jurisdictions andshould not be interpreted as AmnestyInternational’s view on disputed territories.+ indicates that the figure that AmnestyInternational has calculated is a minimum.Where + is not preceded by a number,this means that Amnesty Internationalis confident that there was more thanone execution, but it was impossible toestablish a figure.7. SOMALIARecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 71% and 63%respectively, comparedto 2021.9. YEMENRecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 71% and 74%respectively, comparedto 2021.8. SOUTH SUDANRecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 44% and 60%respectively, comparedto 2021.1. CHINAContinued to executeand sentence to deaththousands of peoplebut kept figures secret.2. IRANRecorded executionsincreased by 83% comparedto 2021, largely due to spikesin executions for murder anddrug-related offences.3. SAUDI ARABIAOfficial figures showexecutions tripled incomparison with 2021.4. EGYPTRecorded executions fell by 71%compared to 2021 but known deathsentences rose by 51%.6. IRAQRecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 35% and 55%respectively, compared to2021.5. USAExecutions increased by 64%compared to 2021 but thisnumber remained amonghistorically low figures.10. NORTH KOREADeath penalty likely tobe used at sustainedrate, but impossible toindependently verify.11. VIET NAMDeath sentences wereimposed extensively fordrug-related offences.The 11 countries numbered on the maphave persistently executed people in thepast five years (2018–2022).CHINAIRANSAUDI ARABIAEGYPTUSAIRAQSINGAPOREKUWAITSOMALIASOUTH SUDANSTATE OFPALESTINEYEMENBANGLADESHMYANMARBELARUSJAPANAFGHANISTANNORTH KOREASYRIAVIET NAM1,000s196576+241811+ 11 7 6+ 5+ 5 4+ 4 4 1 1 + + ++6DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURESON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2022.As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures;judgments; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives;media reports; and, as specified, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reportsonly on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, suchas commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countriesgovernments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam,data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret, while little or no information wasavailable on some other countries due to restrictive state practice.Therefore, for a significant number of countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of thedeath penalty are minimum figures. The true overall numbers are likely to be higher.In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of thedeath penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authoritiesmisrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear thatthe figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of therestrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty;however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed andsentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publishinformation on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of thisreport, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example,Malaysia (16+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 16 executions, death sentencesor persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there were more than 16. Where“+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Syria (+) – it means that AmnestyInternational has corroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death(more than one) in that country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure.When calculating global and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of thenature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or themethod used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition ofthe death penalty.7DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATHPENALTY IN 2022“We have commuted the sentences of 30 of those who areon death row to life imprisonment. [Zambia’s government]has taken a decision, a big decision, to end the deathpenalty in our country. We will work with Parliament to runthrough this process as we transition away from the deathpenalty and focus on the preservation [and] rehabilitationof life while still delivering justice for all.”President Hakainde Hichilema, President of Zambia, 24 May 20221GLOBAL TRENDSAmnesty International’s research on the global use of the death penalty in 2022 revealed a spikein the number of people known to have been executed worldwide, including a significant increasein executions for drug-related offences. This negative trend contrasts with a countervailing positivetendency: a substantial number of countries have taken decisive steps away from the death penalty in2022, marking remarkable progress against the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.Known executions, excluding the thousands believed to have taken place in China, significantlyincreased by 53% on those for 2021, from 579 (2021) to 883 (2022). The executions recorded in2022 were the highest since 2017 (993).2 Secrecy and restrictive state practices continued to impair anaccurate assessment of the use of the death penalty in several countries, including China, North Koreaand Viet Nam.The sharp increase in known global executions in 2022 was mainly due to the significant increaserecorded in the Middle East and North Africa region, where known executions went up by 59%, from520 in 2021 to 825 in 2022. A staggering 93% of known global executions (excluding China) in 2022were carried out in the Middle East and North Africa region. Of the 825 executions recorded in theregion, 94% were carried out in Iran (70%) and Saudi Arabia (24%); two countries that routinelyexecute people after unfair trials and where sharp increases in executions were recorded in 2022. InIran, recorded executions went up to 576 from 314 recorded the previous year, an increase of 83%. InSaudi Arabia, recorded executions tripled from 65 (2021) to 196 (2022), the highest number AmnestyInternational recorded in the country in 30 years.1 ‘President’s address to mark Africa Freedom Day’, President of Zambia, 24 May 2022, https://twitter.com/HHichilema/status/1529176783567917060?s=20&t=UWGsVP5gR04PqZ3HUJ0F1Q2 Amnesty International recorded 993 executions globally in 2017, 690 in 2018, 657 in 2019, 483 in 2020, and 579 in 2021.8DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalFour countries – China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Singapore – executed people for drug-related offencesin violation of international human rights law which prohibits the use of the death penalty for crimesthat do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” (that is, crimes that involve intentional killing).3Executions for these offences were very likely to have been carried out in Viet Nam, but secrecyprevented confirmation. At the end [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/ ) [309] => Array ( [objectID] => 22538 [title] => ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ KÜRESEL RAPORU ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022 [timestamp] => 1684195200 [date] => 16/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uluslararasi-af-orgutu-kuresel-raporu-olum-cezalari-ve-infazlar-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bu rapor, Ocak-Aralık 2022 dönemi için ölüm cezasının adli kullanımını kapsamaktadır. Uluslararası Af Örgütü yalnızca infazlar, ölüm cezaları ve ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin diğer hususlar (cezanın hafifletilmesi ve beraat gibi) hakkında makul teyitlerin olduğu durumlarda raporlama yapmaktadır. Birçok ülkede hükümetler ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin bilgi yayınlamamaktadır. [texte] => ÖLÜM CEZALARIVE İNFAZLAR2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ KÜRESEL RAPORU3ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜİndeks: ACT 50/6548/2023Orijinal dili: İngilizce© Uluslararası Af Örgütü 2023Aksinin ifade edildiği durumlar haricinde, bu belgenin içeriği CreativeCommons (alıntı, gayriticari, türetilemez, uluslararası 4.0) tarafından lisanslıdır.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeDaha fazla bilgi için sitemizdeki izinler sayfasını ziyaret edebilirsiniz:www.amnesty.org.trUluslararası Af Örgütü dışında bir telif hakkı sahibine atfedilen içeriklerCreative Commons lisansına tabi değildir.İlk kez 2023 yılında Uluslararası Af Örgütü tarafından yayımlanmıştır.Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgİÇİNDEKİLER2022'DE ÖLÜM CEZASI UYGULAYAN ÜLKELER 4ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN ÖLÜM CEZASI KULLANIMI KONUSUNDA TESPİT ETTİĞİ SAYILAR 62022 YILINDA ÖLÜM CEZASININ KULLANIMI 7KÜRESEL EĞİLİMLER 7BÖLGESEL DEĞERLENDİRMELER 16AMERİKA KITASI 16ASYA-PASİFİK 21AVRUPA VE ORTA ASYA 27ORTA DOĞU VE KUZEY AFRİKA 28SAHRA ALTI AFRİKA 33EK I: 2022'DE KAYDEDİLEN İNFAZLAR VE ÖLÜM CEZALARI 382022 YILINDA KAYDEDİLEN İNFAZLAR 382022 YILINDA KAYDEDİLEN ÖLÜM CEZALARI 39EK II: ÖLÜM CEZASI UYGULAYAN VE UYGULAMAYAN ÜLKELER 31 ARALIK 2022 İTİBARİYLE 40EK III: ULUSLARARASI SÖZLEŞMELERİN ONAYLANMASI 31 ARALIK 2022 TARİHİ İTİBARİYLE 42EK IV: 77/222 SAYILI BM GENEL KURULU KARARININ OYLAMA SONUÇLARIKABUL TARİHİ: 15 ARALIK 2022 44Uluslararası Af Örgütü, herkesin içindeki insanlığı hareketegeçiren ve hepimizin insan haklarından yararlanabilmesi içindeğişim kampanyaları yürüten 10 milyon kişilik bir harekettir.Vizyonumuz, iktidardakilerin sözlerini tuttuğu, uluslararasıhukuka saygı duyduğu ve hesap verdiği bir dünyadır. Tümhükümetlerden, siyasi ideolojilerden, ekonomik çıkarlardanve dini inançlardan bağımsız ve asli gelir kaynağı üye aidatlarıve bireysel bağışlar olan bir kurumuz. Dünyanın her yerindekiinsanlarla dayanışma ve şefkat içinde hareket etmenintoplumlarımızı daha iyiye doğru değiştirebileceğine inanıyoruz.6ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ20017515012510075502502022’DE ÖLÜM CEZASI UYGULAYAN ÜLKELER Bu harita, bölge ve sınırların genelmevkilerini göstermektedir. UluslararasıAf Örgütü’nün tartışmalı bölgelere ilişkingörüşü olarak yorumlanmamalıdır.+ işareti Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nünhesapladığı sayının asgari olduğunugösterir. +’nın önüne bir sayı gelmediğinde,bu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün birdenfazla infaz olduğundan emin olduğuancak gerçek sayıyı belirlemenin mümkünolmadığı anlamındadır.Haritada numaralandırılmış 11 ülke, sonbeş yıl boyunca (2018-2022) ölüm cezasıuygulamaya devam etti.ÇİNİRANSUUDİ ARABİSTANMISIRABDIRAKSİNGAPURKUVEYTSOMALİGÜNEY SUDANFİLİSTİNDEVLETİYEMENBANGLADEŞMYANMARBELARUSJAPONYAAFGANİSTANKUZEY KORESURİYEVİETNAMBinlerce196576+241811+ 11 7 6+ 5+ 5 4+ 4 4 1 1 + + ++4. MISIRKayıtlı infazlar 2021’e kıyasla %71azaldı ancak bilinen ölüm cezaları %51oranında arttı.6. IRAK2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %35, ölümcezaları ise %55 azaldı.2. İRANKayıtlı infazlar 2021’e kıyasla%83 arttı. Bunun nedenibüyük ölçüde cinayet veuyuşturucuyla bağlantılısuçlardaki infazlarınartmasıydı.1. ÇİNBinlerce insanı ölümemahkum etmeye ve infazetmeye devam etti ancaksayıları gizli tuttu.10. KUZEY KOREÖlüm cezası muhtemelendevamlı olarak kullanıldı ancakbağımsız şekilde doğrulanmasımümkün değildi.11. VİETNAMÖlüm cezaları ağırlıklıolarak uyuşturucuylabağlantılı suçlardan ötürüverildi.9. YEMEN2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %71, ölümcezaları ise %74 azaldı.7. SOMALİ2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %71, ölümcezaları ise %63 azaldı.3. SUUDİ ARABİSTANResmi sayılar infazların2021’e kıyasla üçkatına çıktığınıgösteriyor.8. GÜNEY SUDAN2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %44, ölümcezaları ise %60 azaldı.5. ABD2021’e kıyasla infazlar %64 arttıancak infaz sayısı tarihin endüşük sayılarından biriydi.ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN ÖLÜM CEZASIKULLANIMI KONUSUNDA TESPİT ETTİĞİ SAYILARBu rapor, Ocak-Aralık 2022 döneminde yargı eliyle ölüm cezası kullanımını incelemektedir. Öncekiyıllarda olduğu gibi resmi sayılar, mahkeme kararları, ölüm cezasına mahkum edilen kişiler ile ailelerive avukatlarından alınan bilgiler, basında yer alan haberler ve sınırlı sayıda ülkede diğer sivil toplumörgütleri dahil olmak üzere çeşitli kaynaklardan bilgi toplandı. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, infaz, ölümcezası ve cezanın hafifletilmesi veya beraat gibi ölüm cezası uygulamalarının farklı boyutlarıyla ilgilikonularda yalnızca yeterli kanıt olduğunda raporlama yapmaktadır. Birçok ülkede hükümetler ölümcezasının kullanımına ilişkin bilgileri yayımlamamaktadır. Örneğin, Çin ve Vietnam'da ölüm cezasınınkullanımına ilişkin veriler devlet sırrı olarak sınıflandırılıyor. Bazı ülkelerdeyse kısıtlayıcı devletuygulamaları nedeniyle ölüm cezası hakkında çok az bilgi mevcuttu veya hiç bilgi yoktu.Bu nedenle, birçok ülke için Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin sayılarıasgari sayılardır. Gerçek sayıların daha yüksek olması muhtemel.2009'da Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Çin'de ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin tahmini sayıları yayımlamayıdurdurdu. Bu karar, Çin yetkililerinin Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün sayılarını yanlış şekilde sunmasıylailgili endişeler nedeniyle alındı. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, bilgiye erişimdeki kısıtlamalar nedeniyle Çinile ilgili yayınlayabildiği sayıların gerçeğin çok altında olduğunu her zaman açıkça belirtti. Çin henüzölüm cezasıyla ilgili herhangi bir sayı yayımlamadı. Ancak eldeki bilgiler, her yıl binlerce kişinin infazedildiğini ve ölüme mahkum edildiğini göstermektedir. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Çin makamlarına Çin'deölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin bilgi yayımlama çağrısını yineliyor.Uluslararası Af Örgütü raporun yayımlanmasından sonra yeni bilgiler edindiği ve bu bilgileridoğrulayabildiği durumlarda, sayıları çevrimiçi olarak amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyadresinde güncellemektedir.Tablo ve listelerde bir ülkenin adının yanında bir sayıdan sonra “+” işaretinin yer aldığı durumlarda,örneğin Malezya (16+) gibi ülkelerde, bu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün Malezya'da 16 infazı, ölümcezasını veya ölüm cezasına mahkum edilen kişileri doğruladığı ancak gerçek sayının 16'ten fazlaolduğuna inandığı anlamına gelmektedir. Bir ülkenin adından sonra sayı olmadan “+” göründüğüdurumlarda ise, örneğin, Suriye’de (+), bu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün ilgili ülkede infazlar, ölümcezaları veya ölüm cezasına mahkum edilen kişiler olduğunu doğruladığı, ancak güvenilir bir asgarisayı sağlamak için yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı anlamına gelir. Çin dahil küresel ve bölgesel toplamlarhesaplanırken “+” iki olarak sayılmıştır.Uluslararası Af Örgütü, suçlanan kişinin kim olduğundan, suçun niteliğinden, hangi koşullardaişlendiğinden ya da öldürme yönteminden bağımsız olarak istisnasız tüm davalarda ölüm cezasınakarşı çıkıyor. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, ölüm cezasının tamamen kaldırılması için kampanya yürütüyor.7ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ2022 YILINDA ÖLÜMCEZASININ KULLANIMI“Ölüm cezası mahkumlarından 30'unun cezasını müebbethapse çevirdik. [Zambiya hükümeti] ülkemizdeki ölümcezasını sona erdirmek için bir büyük bir karar aldı.Ölüm cezasından uzaklaşmaya ve herkes için adaletisağlamaya devam edeceğiz. Yaşamın korunmasına [ve]rehabilitasyona odaklanacak ve bu süreci yürütmek içinParlamento ile birlikte çalışacağız.”Hakainde Hichilema, Zambiya Devlet Başkanı, 24 Mayıs 20221KÜRESEL EĞİLİMLERUluslararası Af Örgütü’nün 2022’de ölüm cezasının küresel kullanımı hakkındaki araştırması, uyuşturucuylailgili suçlar nedeniyle uygulanan infazlardaki önemli artış da dahil olmak üzere, dünya çapında infazedildiği bilinen kişi sayısının arttığını gösterdi. Bu olumsuz eğilimin aksine, 2022 yılında birçok ülkede ölümcezasından uzaklaşmak yönünde kararlı adımlar atılarak bu en zalimane, insanlık dışı ve alçaltıcı cezaya karşıdikkate değer bir ilerleme kaydedildi.Çin›de gerçekleştiğine inanılan binlerce infazın dışında, bilinen infaz sayısı 2021›e göre %53 artarak2021’de 579’dan 2022’de 883’e yükseldi. 2022’de kaydedilen infaz sayısı, 2017’den (993) bu yanakaydedilen en yüksek sayı oldu 2 . Çin, Kuzey Kore ve Vietnam gibi ülkelerde gizlilik ve bilgiye erişimeyönelik kısıtlayıcı uygulamalar, birçok ülkede ölüm cezasının doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilmesiniengellemeye devam etti.2022’de bilinen küresel infaz sayılarındaki keskin artışın başlıca nedeni, Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrikabölgesinde 2021’de 520 olarak kaydedilen infazların 2022’de %59 artarak 825’e çıkmasıydı. 2022’deküresel infazların %93’ü (Çin hariç) Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika bölgesinde gerçekleştirildi. Bölgedekaydedilen 825 infazın %94’ü, rutin olarak haksız yargılamaların ardından infaz uygulayan ve 2022’deinfazlarda keskin artışların kaydedildiği İran (%70) ve Suudi Arabistan’da (%24) gerçekleştirildi. İran’dabir önceki yıl 314 olarak kaydedilen infaz sayısı %83’lük bir artışla 576’ya çıktı. Suudi Arabistan’dakaydedilen infaz sayısı üçe katlanarak 65’ten (2021) 196’ya yükseldi (2022) ve Uluslararası AfÖrgütü’nün ülkede son 30 yılda kaydettiği en yüksek sayı oldu.Uluslararası insan hakları hukuku kasten öldürmeyi içeren “en ciddi suçlar” eşiğini karşılamayan suçlar1 "Başkan'ın Afrika Özgürlük Günü konuşması", Zambiya Devlet Başkanı, 24 Mayıs 2022, https://twitter.com/HHichilema/status/1529176783567917060?s=20&t=UWGsVP5gR04PqZ3HUJ0F1Q2 Uluslararası Af Örgütü, dünya çapında 2017›de 993, 2018›de 690, 2019›da 657, 2020›de 483 ve 2021›de 579 infaz kaydetti.9ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ8ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜiki yıllık kararın kabul edilmesini destekledi.6 BM üyelerinin üçte ikisine yakını (125 BM üye devleti)ölüm cezasının ertelenmesi konusundaki dokuzuncu kararın kabul edilmesi yönünde oy kullandı. Enson Aralık 2020’de kabul edildiğinden bu yana karara verilen destek artmış oldu. Bu, ölüm cezasınıuluslararası insan [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/ ) [310] => Array ( [objectID] => 21572 [title] => Human Rights Association [timestamp] => 1682985600 [date] => 02/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-association/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IHDLogosu_Vektorel-467x800.jpg [extrait] => The Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği) is a non-governmental, independent, and voluntary body. The association, which was founded in 1986 by 98 human rights defenders, today has 27 branches, 7 representative offices, and ~8,000 members. İHD is the oldest and largest human rights organization in Turkey and its “sole and specific goal is to […] [texte] => The Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği) is a non-governmental, independent, and voluntary body. The association, which was founded in 1986 by 98 human rights defenders, today has 27 branches, 7 representative offices, and ~8,000 members. İHD is the oldest and largest human rights organization in Turkey and its “sole and specific goal is to promote ‘human rights and freedoms.’” The principles of İHD include standing against the death penalty regardless of geographical location and circumstance. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [311] => Array ( [objectID] => 21548 [title] => Recontextualizing the threat of death penalty for homosexuality in Uganda [timestamp] => 1682985600 [date] => 02/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recontextualizing-the-threat-of-death-penalty-for-homosexuality-in-uganda/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/uganda-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On Tuesday March 21, the Ugandan parliament passed a law that severely criminalizes people who have consensual same-sex relations. At the end of April, the law had still not been validated by the President Museveni. Among a range of harsh penalties, the law would allow the death penalty for the crime of « aggravated homosexuality […] [texte] => On Tuesday March 21, the Ugandan parliament passed a law that severely criminalizes people who have consensual same-sex relations. At the end of April, the law had still not been validated by the President Museveni. Among a range of harsh penalties, the law would allow the death penalty for the crime of « aggravated homosexuality ». (more…) "Recontextualizing the threat of death penalty for homosexuality in Uganda" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [312] => Array ( [objectID] => 21508 [title] => The Fear of Too Much Justice : Race, Poverty, and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Courts [timestamp] => 1682035200 [date] => 21/04/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-fear-of-too-much-justice-race-poverty-and-the-persistence-of-inequality-in-the-criminal-courts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In The Fear of Too Much Justice, legendary death penalty lawyer Stephen B. Bright and legal scholar James Kwak offer a heart-wrenching overview of how the criminal legal system fails to live up to the values of equality and justice. The book ranges from poor people squeezed for cash by private probation companies because of trivial violations to people executed in violation of the Constitution despite overwhelming evidence of intellectual disability or mental illness. They also show examples from around the country of places that are making progress toward justice.With a foreword by Bryan Stevenson, who worked for Bright at the Southern Center for Human Rights and credits him for “[breaking] down the issues with the death penalty simply but persuasively,” The Fear of Too Much Justice offers a timely, trenchant, firsthand critique of our criminal courts and points the way toward a more just future.Available: June 2023 [texte] => The Fear of Too Much JusticeRace, Poverty, and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Courts Stephen B. Bright James Kwak With a foreword by Bryan StevensonA legendary lawyer and a legal scholar reveal the structural failures that undermine justice in our criminal courts“An urgently needed analysis of our collective failure to confront and overcome racial bias and bigotry, the abuse of power, and the multiple ways in which the death penalty’s profound unfairness requires its abolition. You will discover Steve Bright’s passion, brilliance, dedication, and tenacity when you read these pages.”—from the foreword by Bryan StevensonGlenn Ford, a Black man, spent thirty years on Louisiana’s death row for a crime he did not commit. He was released in 2014—and given twenty dollars—when prosecutors admitted they did not have a case against him.Ford’s trial was a travesty. One of his court-appointed lawyers specialized in oil and gas law and had never tried a case. The other had been out of law school for only two years. They had no funds for investigation or experts. The prosecution struck all the Black prospective jurors to get the all-white jury that sentenced Ford to death.In The Fear of Too Much Justice, legendary death penalty lawyer Stephen B. Bright and legal scholar James Kwak offer a heart-wrenching overview of how the criminal legal system fails to live up to the values of equality and justice. The book ranges from poor people squeezed for cash by private probation companies because of trivial violations to people executed in violation of the Constitution despite overwhelming evidence of intellectual disability or mental illness. They also show examples from around the country of places that are making progress toward justice.With a foreword by Bryan Stevenson, who worked for Bright at the Southern Center for Human Rights and credits him for “[breaking] down the issues with the death penalty simply but persuasively,” The Fear of Too Much Justice offers a timely, trenchant, firsthand critique of our criminal courts and points the way toward a more just future. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://thenewpress.com/books/fear-of-too-much-justice ) [313] => Array ( [objectID] => 21545 [title] => Dealing with Punishment: Risks and Rewards in Indonesia’s Illicit Drug Trade [timestamp] => 1681776000 [date] => 18/04/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dealing-with-punishment-risks-and-rewards-in-indonesias-illicit-drug-trade/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2020-2021, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with Community Legal Aid Institute, LBH Masyarakat, commissioned The Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) at the University of Oxford, in association with University Centre of Excellence HIV/AIDS Research Centre-HPSI at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (AJCU), to conduct the research building empirical knowledge on who is being convicted for drug offences and uncover the factors that have influenced their motivations and decision making. Interviews were conducted on 57 prisoners from a prison in Jakrata, Indonesia, all convicted for drug offences. This is the first stage of a larger mapping project, which will interview those convicted of drug offences and sentenced to death or life in prisons across Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It also compliments our two part opinion study on attitudes on capital punishment in Indonesia. [texte] => Dealing withPunishment: Risks andRewards in Indonesia’sIllicit Drug TradeCarolyn Hoylewith assistance from Arie Rahadi, LucreziaRizzelli and Amalia Puri Handayani© 2022 The authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:The Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.organdLBH MasyarakatTebet Timur Dalam VI E No.3Jakarta Selatan 12820Indonesialbhmasyarakat.orgISBN: 978-1-8384709-2-0We wish to acknowledge the support of, and continued partnerships with, Community Legal AidInstitute, LBH Masyarakat, the University Centre of Excellence HIV/AIDS Research Centre-HPSIat Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, the Human Rights Resource Centre at the University ofIndonesia, and the Death Penalty Research Unit at the University of Oxford.Special thanks to Muhammad Afif and Albert Wirya, at LBH Masyarakat. This work would not bepossible without their support and involvement. Thanks are also due to the team at Atma Jaya CatholicUniversity, Evi Sukmaningrum, Ignatius Praptoraharjo and Arie Rahadi, who were instrumental indesigning the instrument and ensuring the research was completed. We are also grateful to Amalia PuriHandayani, Josephine Tahasy Barakah and Bonike Islam Mustaqiem for conducting the fieldwork.Jeffrey Fagan, Claudia Stoicescu and Ricky Gunawan were also part of the team, and provided insightfuladvice throughout. Thank you to Miki Salman for his assistance in translating the research findings intoBahasa. Finally, we are very grateful to Carolyn Hoyle, who we commissioned to conduct the study, andLucrezia Rizzelli, who assisted the author in all stages of design, analysis and writing of the report.This report was made possible by funds awarded to The Death Penalty Project from the European Union,the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and the John Fell Fund fromthe University of Oxford. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of The Death PenaltyProject and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union, the Foreign, Commonwealth andDevelopment Office, or the John Fell Fund. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/dealing-with-punishment-risks-and-rewards-in-indonesias-illicit-drug-trade-2/ ) [314] => Array ( [objectID] => 21541 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2022 [timestamp] => 1681344000 [date] => 13/04/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 15th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, by Iran Human Rights and ECPM reveals the highest annual number of executions since 2015. At least 582 people were executed, an increase of 75% compared to 2021. In 2022, Iran’s authorities demonstrated how crucial the death penalty is to instil societal fear in order to hold onto power. [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) andECPM have been working togethersince 2011 for the international releaseand circulation of the Annual Reporton the Death Penalty in Iran. IHRNGOand ECPM see the death penalty asa benchmark for the human rightssituation in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Raphaël Chenuil-HazanExecutive DirectorECPM62 bis avenue Parmentier75011 Paris, Francerchenuil@ecpm.orgwww.ecpm.orgMahmood Amiry-MoghaddamDirectorIran Human RightsP.O.Box 2635 Solli0204 Oslo, Norwaymail@iranhr.netwww.iranhr.netANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2022In 2022, an alarming surge in recorded executions in Iran saw the highest toll since 2015.Executions increased by 75% compared to 2021, and essential reforms to the Anti-NarcoticsLaw adopted in 2017 have been severely reversed in practice. Ethnic minorities were grosslyoverrepresented in execution numbers, and at least three juvenile offenders and 16 women wereamongst those executed. Following the start of the nationwide protests sparked by the policekilling of Jina (Mahsa) Amini, protesters were prosecuted in show trials at the RevolutionaryCourts following systematic torture to force confessions. Proceedings were characterised bydenial of access to lawyers, lack of due process and violations of the right to a fair trial andhave so far led to the execution of four protesters. With this report, we call on the internationalcommunity to increase efforts to support the demands of the Iranian people for respect oftheir fundamental human rights and the abolition of the death penalty.ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 2022ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2022© IHR, ECPM, 2023ISBN : 978-2-491354-22-0ISSN : 2966-80932 3ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2022ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN2022Cover photo: A creative protest against executions of the protesters Mohsen Shekariand Majidreza Rahnavard at Alzahra University in Tehran on 13 December 2022.Back photo: Protesters Mohsen Shekari, 22 (right) and Majidreza Rahnavard, 23 (left)were executed on December 8 and 12, respectively after grossly unfair show trials bythe Revolutionary Court in Mashhad and Tehran. Majidreza’s execution was carried outin public.This report has been drafted by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) withthe support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since2012, Iran Human Rights 1 and ECPM 2 have been working togetherfor the publication, international release and distribution of annualreports on the death penalty in Iran.Editor: L. TarighiLayout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)Printing: Imprim’ad hoc© IHRNGO, ECPM, 2022ISBN : 978-2-491354-22-0ISSN : 2966-80931 http://iranhr.net/en/2 http://www.ecpm.org/en/ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/5814/ ) [315] => Array ( [objectID] => 21493 [title] => Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women [timestamp] => 1680134400 [date] => 30/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/silently-silenced-state-sanctioned-killing-of-women/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women examines States’ involvement in ‘feminicide’. Feminicide is understood as the gender-motivated killing of women and girls that States actively engage in, condone, excuse, or fail to prevent. We use the term ‘feminicide’ to refer to the various forms of State-sanctioned killing of women and girls. In this report, we outline States’ direct involvement and complicity in the killings of women and girls and explain these deaths as a product of gendered forms of structural violence upheld and sustained by the State. We examine 3 types of feminicide: gender- related killings of women directly perpetrated by the State, such as the death penalty and extrajudicial killings; gender-related killings of women committed by non-State actors that are excused or condoned by the State; and gender-related killings of women that the State failed to prevent. [texte] => 34TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 6Foreword ........................................................................................................................ 7Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 9Scope of the Report ...................................................................................................... 12Feminicide: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women .................................................................. 12Data ................................................................................................................................................. 13Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................... 14Section 1: Gendered Nature of the Death Penalty: In Law and Practice ........................ 17Women Under Sentence of Death ........................................................................................... 17Extramarital Sex ............................................................................................................................ 18Same-Sex Intimacy ....................................................................................................................... 20Homicide ........................................................................................................................................ 20Drug Offences............................................................................................................................... 21Sorcery............................................................................................................................................. 22Political Offences.......................................................................................................................... 23Section 2: Women Facing the Death Penalty ................................................................. 26On Death Row .............................................................................................................................. 26From overcrowding to solitary confinement ..................................................................... 27Access to food and water ....................................................................................................... 28Access to health care ............................................................................................................... 28Mothers on death row with their children .......................................................................... 29Activities in prison ................................................................................................................... 30Contact with family and community.................................................................................... 31Gender-based violence on death row .................................................................................. 32Histories of Gender-Based Violence ....................................................................................... 32Pathways to offending ............................................................................................................. 32Gender-based violence during detention and before arrest ........................................... 33Dismissal of gender-based violence by courts ................................................................... 34Overturning Convictions of Women Sentenced to Death in Cameroon: A Lawyer’sPerspective .................................................................................................................... 37My Journey ..................................................................................................................................... 37Challenges....................................................................................................................................... 38Strategies ......................................................................................................................................... 38Overturning Convictions ............................................................................................................ 38Section 3: State Complicity in Feminicide ...................................................................... 41Different Forms of Feminicide ................................................................................................. 41Killings perpetrated by the state ................................................................................................ 41Killings by law enforcement and security forces ............................................................... 42Killings by insurrectional groups .......................................................................................... 42Killings Enabled by the State ..................................................................................................... 44Honour killings ......................................................................................................................... 44Criminalisation of abortion leading to maternal mortality .............................................. 475State Failure to Prevent Killings ................................................................................................ 48Female genital mutilation leading to death ......................................................................... 48Dowry-related killings ............................................................................................................. 49Witchcraft-related killings....................................................................................................... 50Section 4: The Use of the Death Penalty to ‘Protect’ Women........................................ 54Capital Rape Laws ........................................................................................................................ 54Narrative Used to Justify the Death Penalty for Rape ......................................................... 56Why the Death Penalty is Not the Answer to Rape ............................................................. 57Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 61Gendered Forms of Structural Violence as Predictor of Feminicide ............................... 61The Death Penalty as a Form of Feminicide.......................................................................... 62Other Forms of Feminicide ....................................................................................................... 63Appendices ................................................................................................................... 66Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 78About the Authors ........................................................................................................ 86About Eleos Justice ....................................................................................................... 89About the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide .......................................... 90APPENDICESAppendix 1: List of Interviewees ................................................................................... 66Appendix 2: Case Notes ................................................................................................ 67Appendix 3: Capital Rape Offences by Country ............................................................ 736ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAuthorsWe would like to thank everyone who shared their expertise, insight, and experience withus from across the globe: Adeeba Kamarulzaman (Universiti Malaya), Aisya Humaida(LBH Masyarakat), Angela Uwandu (Avocats Sans Frontieres France Nigeria), AuréliePlaçais (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty), Dobby Chew (Anti-Death PenaltyAsia Network), Esther Bashugi Ntumulo (Nouvelle Dynamique pour le DéveloppementIntégral de Kalehe) (NDDIKa), Fakhra Irshad (Justice Project Pakistan), Funke Adeoye(Hope Behind Bars), Kelly Gleason (Tennessee Office of the Post-ConvictionDefender), Maitreyi Misra (Project 39A), Méline Szwarcberg (World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty), Michelle Umaña (Public Defender Office of Ohio), Pamela Nwune(The Inclusion Project), Randy Spivey (Tennessee Office of the Post-ConvictionDefender), and Zainab Mahboob (Justice Project Pakistan).We are extremely grateful to Nestor Toko (Droits et Paix) for writing a short note forthis report about his experience of working representing women under the sentence ofdeath in Cameroon.Thank you also to Cristóbal Olivares, Emmalene Blake, European Pressphoto Agency,Nic Bothma, Sheida Soleimani, and Walter Astrada for letting us use your powerfulimages.We benefited enormously from thoughtful feedback, research and editorial assistance onearlier versions of this report. Many thanks to Bebe Loff, Chelsea Halstead, Mike Hough,Ryan Beckmand, Sally Anderson, Sara Kowal, and Thomas Tapmeier.We are grateful to Great Dreams Consulting for the design and layout of this report.We received generous funding from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs andTrade, Laini Liberman and Ben Rozenes, and the Faculty of Law, Monash University.7FOREWORDBy Morris Tidball-BinzUnited Nations Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary ExecutionsOver 40 years ago, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discriminationagainst Women came into force, with the aim of bringing half of humanity into its scope,ensuring the equal rights of men and women to enjoy all economic, social, cultural, civiland political rights. Women’s right to vote [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/report/Silently_Silenced_State-Sanctioned_Killing_of_Women/22357627 ) [316] => Array ( [objectID] => 21410 [title] => Moratorium Stays in Place in Sri Lanka and Anti-Death Penalty Petitioners Secure an Official Record in Court Proceedings to Protect Future Rights [timestamp] => 1679961600 [date] => 28/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moratorium-stays-in-place-in-sri-lanka/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sri-lanka-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Petitioners challenging the potential resumption of executions in Sri Lanka experienced received reassuring news on 23 February 2023 when the Attorney General of Sri Lanka reported to the Supreme Court that the incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe has agreed to not implement executions during his tenure. [texte] => Petitioners challenging the potential resumption of executions in Sri Lanka experienced received reassuring news on 23 February 2023 when the Attorney General of Sri Lanka reported to the Supreme Court that the incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe has agreed to not implement executions during his tenure. (more…) "Moratorium Stays in Place in Sri Lanka and Anti-Death Penalty Petitioners Secure an Official Record in Court Proceedings to Protect Future Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [317] => Array ( [objectID] => 21400 [title] => Prisoner’s Future Foundation [timestamp] => 1679961600 [date] => 28/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/prisoners-future-foundation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/pff-logo.jpg [extrait] => Prisoners’ Future Foundation (PFF) is a local non-governmental Ministry of Community Development and Social Services (MCDSS) following government enforcing the NGO Act of 2009 of the laws of Zambia. PFF has in the past handled both advocacy and service delivery, in responding to the needs of currently and formally incarcerated people and citizens who have […] [texte] => Prisoners’ Future Foundation (PFF) is a local non-governmental Ministry of Community Development and Social Services (MCDSS) following government enforcing the NGO Act of 2009 of the laws of Zambia. PFF has in the past handled both advocacy and service delivery, in responding to the needs of currently and formally incarcerated people and citizens who have generally come in conflict with the law.The purpose of Prisoners Future Foundation(PFF) is to contribute to the improved welfare of inmates and ex-inmates through providing them with legal services, support to their rehabilitation, empowerment and integration. Further, PFF supports the mitigation of climate change by contributing to correctionalfacilities putting into place environmental management measures.Its Strategic Intervention Areas include improved access to justice and rehabilitation of inmates; re-integration and empowerment of ex-inmates; creation of environment friendly correctional facilities; and institutional development of PFF.PFF’s vision is a society in which there is equal access to justice for inmates and ex-inmates, respect for human rights, observance of the rule of aw and a sustainable and pollution-free environment. PFF’s mission is to provide legal services as a means of promoting human rights to inmates and their rehabilitation while empowering and integrating ex-inmates into society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [318] => Array ( [objectID] => 21376 [title] => Azerbaijan signs European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances, but still need to ratify it [timestamp] => 1679961600 [date] => 28/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/azerbaijan-signs-european-protocol-for-abolition-in-all-circumstances-but-still-need-to-ratify-it/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/azerbaijan-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 8 March 2023, Azerbaijan signed Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. [texte] => On 8 March 2023, Azerbaijan signed Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (more…) "Azerbaijan signs European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances, but still need to ratify it" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Azerbaijan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [319] => Array ( [objectID] => 21352 [title] => Seven Winters in Teheran [timestamp] => 1679616000 [date] => 24/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/seven-winters-in-teheran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the summer of 2007, an older man approaches Reyhaneh Jabbari and asks the architecture student who has a side job as an interior decorator for her help in the design of offices. During the site inspection, he tries to rape her. Reyhaneh stabs him in self-defence. She is arrested for murder and sentenced to death. Reyhaneh was to spend the next seven years in prison while her family hired lawyers and made the public aware of the case. However, in spite of the efforts of national and international politicians and human rights organisations, the Iranian judiciary continued to cite the “right of blood-revenge”. This meant that, as long as Reyhaneh did not withdraw her accusations against the man, his family could demand her death. Reyhaneh stuck to her testimony and was hanged at the age of 26.In her moving and shockingly topical documentary debut, director Steffi Niederzoll uses among other things original audio and visual material that was smuggled out of Iran. This film, in which Holy Spider actor Zar Amir Ebrahimi lends Reyhaneh her voice, makes visible the injustice in Iranian society and portrays an involuntary heroine who gave her life in the fight for women’s rights. [texte] => Jump to the contentBackSieben Winter in TeheranPerspektive Deutsches KinoDatesIn the summer of 2007, an older man approaches Reyhaneh Jabbari and asks the architecture student who has a side job as an interior decorator for her help in the design of offices. During the site inspection, he tries to rape her. Reyhaneh stabs him in self-defence. She is arrested for murder and sentenced to death. Reyhaneh was to spend the next seven years in prison while her family hired lawyers and made the public aware of the case. However, in spite of the efforts of national and international politicians and human rights organisations, the Iranian judiciary continued to cite the “right of blood-revenge”. This meant that, as long as Reyhaneh did not withdraw her accusations against the man, his family could demand her death. Reyhaneh stuck to her testimony and was hanged at the age of 26.In her moving and shockingly topical documentary debut, director Steffi Niederzoll uses among other things original audio and visual material that was smuggled out of Iran. This film, in which Holy Spider actor Zar Amir Ebrahimi lends Reyhaneh her voice, makes visible the injustice in Iranian society and portrays an involuntary heroine who gave her life in the fight for women’s rights.by Steffi Niederzollwith Reyhaneh Jabbari, Shole Pakravan, Fereydoon Jabbari, Shahrzad Jabbari, Sharare JabbariGermany / France 2023Farsi, Subtitles: English, German97’World premiere | Debut film | Documentary FormWith Reyhaneh Jabbari Shole Pakravan Fereydoon Jabbari Shahrzad Jabbari Sharare Jabbari Parvaneh Hajilou Mohammad Mostafaei Samira Mokarrami Zar Amir Ebrahimi (Voice of Reyhaneh)CrewDirectorSteffi NiederzollScreenplaySteffi NiederzollCinematographyJulia DaschnerEditingNicole KortlükeMusicFlemming NordkrogSound DesignAndreas HildebrandtSoundCésar Fernández BorrásProduction DesignMiren OllerMake-UpM. GolAssistant DirectorStefan KriekhausProduction ManagerSvenja HeinrichsProducersKnut Losen, Melanie AndernachCo-ProducersLaurent Lavolé, Gilles Sacuto, Miléna PoyloExecutive ProducersStina Ataeian, Céline Loiseau, Eva LassCo-ProductionTS Productions, ParisGloria Films, ParisWDR, KölnProduced byMade in Germany FilmproduktionKöln, Germanymadeingermany-film.de madeingermany-film.deWorld SalesCercamonwww.cercamon.biz www.cercamon.bizPhotosIn FocusSteffi NiederzollBorn in Nuremberg, Germany in 1981, she studied audiovisual media at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne and at the Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión in Cuba. Her short films have screened successfully at international festivals; her medium-length film Lea was selected for the 2008 Perspektive Deutsches Kino. She is an alumna of several masterclasses and won a scholarship to the Tarabya Cultural Academy in Türkiye. Alongside her film work, she is also involved in interdisciplinary artistic work. Sieben Winter in Teheran is her debut feature-length documentary.Filmography2004 Petuhtanten; short film 2005 Como si el Paisje Pasara; short film 2006 A Summer Long; short film 2008 Lea; medium-length film 2023 Sieben Winter in Teheran (Seven Winters in Tehran); documentaryDatesFri Feb 17 10:30InternationalScreening for press and industry professionals | With accreditation onlyFri Feb 17 19:00InternationalOpening Perspektive Deutsches KinoSat Feb 18 10:00Cubix 6Q&A after the film with German Sign Language InterpreterSat Feb 18 18:30Bundesplatz-KinoBerlinale Goes KiezSun Feb 19 21:30Filmtheater am FriedrichshainCompass-Perspektive-Award - Screening of the Award-Winning FilmSieben Winter in TeheranFri Feb 24 19:00InternationalBefore the Screening: Award Ceremony of Kompagnon Fellowship and Compass-Perspektive-AwardSat Feb 25 19:00InternationalInstitutional FundingPrincipal PartnersCo-Partners Contact Anti-Discrimination Imprint Privacy Policy Newsletter B2B Jobs Social Media Code of Conduct Dates [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202302785.html ) [320] => Array ( [objectID] => 21349 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2022 [timestamp] => 1679616000 [date] => 24/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our twelfth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international standards. As of December 2022, Harm Reduction International (HRI) recorded at least 285 executions for drug offences globally during the year, a 118% increase from 2021, and an 850% increase from 2020. Executions for drug offences are confirmed or assumed to have taken place in six countries: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, plus in China, North Korea and Vietnam – on which exact figures cannot be provided because of extreme opacity. Therefore, this figure is likely to reflect only a percentage of all drug-related executions worldwide. Confirmed death sentences for drug offences were also on the rise; with at least 303 people sentenced to death in 18 countries. This marks a 28% increase from 2021. [texte] => HRI - Harm Reduction International who we are our work flagship research resources get involved HRI Conference 2023The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2022download full reportmain findings35countries still retain the death penalty for drug offences285+people executed in 2022303+death sentences imposed in 20223700+people on death row for drug offences worldwidefull reportShare this postIntroductionHarm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our twelfth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international standards.Executive SummaryThe Global Overview 2021 revealed that 2021 had ended as a year of mixed progress. On one side, the number of countries executing people for drug crimes had reached a decade-low, owing mostly to a halt in drug-related executions in Saudi Arabia and, to some extent, the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other side, a significant increase in confirmed executions had been recorded, largely attributable to a surge in Iran. In the course of 2022, the situation sharply deteriorated.As of December 2022, Harm Reduction International (HRI) recorded at least 285 executions for drug offences globally during the year, a 118% increase from 2021, and an 850% increase from 2020. Executions for drug offences are confirmed or assumed to have taken place in six countries: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, plus in China, North Korea and Vietnam – on which exact figures cannot be provided because of extreme opacity. Therefore, this figure is likely to reflect only a percentage of all drug-related executions worldwide. Confirmed death sentences for drug offences were also on the rise; with at least 303 people sentenced to death in 18 countries. This marks a 28% increase from 2021.These setbacks were not completely unexpected, nor unpredictable. After defending its barbaric policy on the death penalty throughout 2021, Singapore issued execution warrants against individuals convicted of drug trafficking in February 2022. These were eventually stayed after legal appeals and pleas from families and civil society, but more execution warrants quickly followed. In Saudi Arabia, civil society had warned of the risk of resumption in drug-related executions since the partial moratorium was announced in 2021. When the Kingdom carried out the worst mass execution in its history in March 2022, the risk became even more apparent. Similarly, Iranian civil society warned of the risk of a spike in executions, absent persistent international pressure.This regression was met with robust resistance, as 2022 also featured strong activism from civil society and victims’ families. In Singapore, a wave of protests kicked off – one that has rarely been seen in the country due to extreme limitations on assemblies and routine intimidation of activists. This reaffirmed the key role of civil society in promoting the abolition of the death penalty. The same activism materialised online. Groups such as the Transformative Justice Collective shed light on the vulnerability and marginalisation of those facing execution (thus countering the over-simplistic narrative of the state);7 and launched the ‘Stop the Killings’8 campaign for a moratorium on the use of capital punishment. These initiatives were met with hostility and reprisals by the government. Singaporean human rights defenders were interrogated for potential offences under the Public Order Act 2009 for their advocacy work against the death penalty – a case later dropped;9 while lawyers representing people on death row faced arbitrary disciplinary action and were ordered to pay prohibitive costs for failed applications.10 The Singaporean government also publicly responded to those criticising the resumption in executions, including a UN Special Procedure mandate holder and civil society groups.11Similar hostility towards human rights defenders was also observed in Bangladesh, where the government cancelled the NGO licence of Odhikar, a prominent NGO already under significant pressure, and virtually the only group monitoring and reporting on the use of capital punishment in the country. While not directly related to the organisation’s anti-death penalty work, this new attack risks further limiting the availability of information on capital punishment in a country where transparency is already lacking.In Iran, families of people on death row reportedly confronted an increasingly repressive state apparatus by carrying out peaceful protests against the rising number of executions. In response, some were arrested and detained.In the context of these regressive trends, institutional actors and fellow states have failed to adequately respond. The death penalty for drug offences received some attention in intergovernmental fora throughout 2022 (including within a UN Secretary General’s report to the Human Rights Council).14 Some executions were met with statements of condemnation from various actors, including the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the European Union, and other diplomatic missions. But, these responses were largely ad-hoc and symbolic, and widely insufficient. In addition, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) – the only UN agency with an explicit mandate on drug-related matters – failed to take any public position on this practice for the second year in a row. The fact that these blatant violations of international standards and official commitments avoided almost all political, diplomatic, or economic repercussions sends a dangerous message to retentionist countries that executions, and therefore death sentences, can continue with impunity.While more countries abolished the death penalty in 2022, the use of capital punishment for drug offences is going in a markedly different direction, impinging on the likelihood of achieving global abolition. Despite the adoption of a new UN General Assembly Resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, with historic support from 125 countries (compared to 123 in 2020), known executions for drug offences are back to amounting to over 30% of all global executions – the highest recorded figures since 2017.These figures are a call to action to all actors involved in the fight for abolition, but primarily to governments and to intergovernmental actors: to acknowledge the barrier that punitive drug policies represent for the global fight towards abolition, and to identify and pursue new, influential strategies to promote the respect of international standards on the death penalty.+−LeafletHigh application statesLow application statesSymbolic application statesInsufficient dataRelated resourcesExplore FurtherStatement21 March 202352nd HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL: STATEMENT ON IRANStatement28 February 202352nd HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL: STATEMENT ON THE DEATH PENALTYSubmission22 April 2022Calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty 2022Report10 March 2022The Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2021Report1 October 2015The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2015Report27 November 2012Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2012Report14 September 2011The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2011Report10 December 2007The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2007Explore FurtherDon't miss our eventsand publicationsSubscribe to our newsletterEMAIL ADDRESSWe use cookies to give the best experience on our site. By continuing to browse our site, you agree to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. View our privacy policy.Who we are What is Harm Reduction? About Us People Contact VacanciesOUR WORK Drugs and Health Drugs and Human Rights Funding for Harm Reduction Intersectional Movementsconferences Harm Reduction International Conference ConstellationsFlagship research The Global State of Harm Reduction The Death Penalty for Drug Offences Funding Landscape for Harm Reductionresourcesfollow usaccessibility | privacy policy© 2022 Harm Reduction International [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => Indonesia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Malaysia [5] => Saudi Arabia [6] => Singapore [7] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/ ) [321] => Array ( [objectID] => 21344 [title] => Crossing the River Styx, The Memoir of a Death Row Chaplain [timestamp] => 1679616000 [date] => 24/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/crossing-the-river-styx-the-memoir-of-a-death-row-chaplain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Reverend Russ Ford, who served as the head chaplain on Virginia’s death row for eighteen years, raged against the inequities of the death penalty—now outlawed in Virginia—while ministering to the men condemned to die in the 1980s and 1990s. Ford stood watch with twenty-eight men, sitting with them in the squalid death house during the final days and hours of their lives. In July 1990 he accidentally almost became the 245th person killed by Virginia’s electric chair as he comforted Ricky Boggs in his last moments, a vivid episode that opens this haunting book. Many chaplains get to know the condemned men only in these final moments. Ford, however, spent years working with the men of Virginia’s death row, forging close bonds with the condemned and developing a nuanced understanding of their crimes, their early struggles, and their challenges behind bars. His unusual ministry makes this memoir a unique and compelling read, a moving and unflinching portrait of Virginia’s death row inmates. Revealing the cruelties of the state-sanctioned violence that has until recently prevailed in our backyard, Crossing the River Styx serves as a cautionary tale for those who still support capital punishment. [texte] => Former prison chaplain Russ Ford offers the reader a harrowing looking inside Virginia's death row. Anyone who wants to understand the moral and spiritual carnage of capital punishment needs to read this book. Russ Ford’s journey is soul-stirring. It moved me to tears. I assume that’s what is hoped for in a Minister, but it too rarely works out that way. As a Death Row Chaplain, Ford’s ministry is to the hopeless and the misbegotten, the condemned, those written off by the rest of us. Unlike some, Ford doesn’t phone it in. He treats those in his care, "the worst of the worst," as our system would have it, with respect; he honors their humanity and grants them their dignity. And in the process, he ignites souls long dormant. In Crossing the River Styx, he opens the door to Hell and invites you in. I urge you to summon the courage to join him.- Mike Farrell (Captain BJ Hunnicutt), M*A*S*H television show, author of Just Call Me Mike; A Journey to Actorand Activist From the first page of Russ Ford's Crossing the River Styx, you know you are reading something special. Ford draws on his years of experience as a prison chaplain to reflect on the spiritual lives of death row inmates, as well as his own spiritual growth and difficulties. The great Oscar Romero said, 'The word of God is like the light of the sun. It illuminates beautiful things, but also things which we would rather not see,' and Ford, through his ministry, gives us a glimpse into the minds of murderers and the horrific conditions in Virginia's prisons, but also moments of grace and redemption.- Matthew Shadle, Marymount University, author of The Origins of War: A Catholic PerspectiveWelcome back to the UVA Press Author's Corner! Here, we feature conversations with the authors of our latest releases to provide a glimpse into the writer's mind, their book's main lessons, and what’s next for them. We hope you enjoy these inside stories.related imageToday, we are happy to bring you our conversation with Todd C. Peppers, co-author of CROSSING THE RIVER STYX:The Memoir of a Death Row Chaplain.What inspired you to write this book? First, I wanted to co-author this book in order to pull back the curtain and show the reader the hidden world of death row; I firmly believe that most people who support capital punishment have no idea of the moral, economic and human cost of state-sanctioned death. Second of all, I wanted to tell the story of Russ Ford - a wonderful human being who dedicated himself to the men of the row.What did you learn and what are you hoping readers will learn from your book? I want the readers to learn how the death penalty hurts so many people - from the condemned men and their families to the spiritual advisors who are often the only loving face present on death row and in the death house. And I hope the readers understand what Sister Helen Prejean has often observed about capital punishment - it is easy to kill a monster but hard to kill a human being.What surprised you the most in the process of writing your book? My biggest surprise came from working with Russ Ford. Every time I thought that I'd "heard it all" in terms of the brutality of the death penalty, Russ would come up with another example.What’s your favorite anecdote from your book?Severely mentally disabled death row inmate Morris Mason telling Russ Ford, shortly before he entered the execution chamber, to tell the rest of the men on the row that he was going to beat them at basketball after he was "done here." Morris didn't even comprehend the consequences of being executed.What’s next? I'm in the early stages of doing research for a biography of Chief Justice Warren Burger. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5811/ ) [322] => Array ( [objectID] => 21261 [title] => International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) [timestamp] => 1678752000 [date] => 14/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-bar-associations-human-rights-institute-ibahri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IBA-Logo.jpg [extrait] => The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) works with the global legal community to promote and protect human rights and the independence of the legal profession worldwide. The IBAHRI is an autonomous and substantively independent entity of the International Bar Association (IBA), the world’s leading organisation of international legal practitioners, bar associations and law […] [texte] => The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) works with the global legal community to promote and protect human rights and the independence of the legal profession worldwide.The IBAHRI is an autonomous and substantively independent entity of the International Bar Association (IBA), the world’s leading organisation of international legal practitioners, bar associations and law societies. The IBA has a membership of over 80,000 individual lawyers, and 190 bar associations and law societies, spanning over 160 countries.On 15 May 2008, the IBAHRI Council adopted its Resolution on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, which considers, inter alia, the clear trend towards viewing the death penalty as a breach of international human rights standards, as well as committing the IBAHRI to actively promoting the abolition of the death penalty.The IBAHRI opposes and condemns the death penalty in all circumstances. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [323] => Array ( [objectID] => 21253 [title] => UN High Level Panel on the death penalty and limitation to the most serious crimes [timestamp] => 1678752000 [date] => 14/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-high-level-panel-on-the-death-penalty-and-limitation-to-the-most-serious-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On February 28 2023, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council held its biennial high-level panel on the issue of the death penalty. [texte] => On February 28 2023, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council held its biennial high-level panel on the issue of the death penalty. (more…) "UN High Level Panel on the death penalty and limitation to the most serious crimes" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [324] => Array ( [objectID] => 21236 [title] => Podcasts recomendations [timestamp] => 1678752000 [date] => 14/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/podcasts-recomendations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Podcasts or series of podcasts by our members Broken Law Podcast Hosted by the staff of the American Constitution Society. Episode 23: How the World Views the Death Penalty Released on: Nov. 09, 2021 Listen to Podcast ADPAN Podcasts Series of podcasts hosted by The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network Listen to Podcast Other podcasts to […] [texte] => Podcasts or series of podcasts by our members Broken Law Podcast Hosted by the staff of the American Constitution Society. Episode 23: How the World Views the Death Penalty Released on: Nov. 09, 2021 Listen to Podcast ADPAN Podcasts Series of podcasts hosted by The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network Listen to Podcast /* Container for all cards */ .card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; align-items: stretch; animation: appear 0.5s ease-in-out forwards; } /* Card styles */ .card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 4%; width: 42%; background-color: #fff; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out, opacity 0.3s ease-in-out; } /* Card hover effect */ .card:hover { transform: translateY(-10px); } /* Card image styles */ .card-image img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: cover; } /* Card content styles */ .card-content { padding: 4% 8% 6%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; height: 100%; } .card-content h3 { margin-top: 0; } .card-content p { margin: 0 0 1em 0; } .card-content a.podcast-cta { display: inline-block; padding: 2% 5%; background-color: #333; color: #fff; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; font-weight: bold; transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in-out; margin-top:6%; } .card-content a.podcast-cta:hover { background-color: #555; } /* Animation styles */ @keyframes appear { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } } /* Responsive styles */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .card { width: 100%; height: auto; } }Other podcasts to discover DPIC Podcasts Series of podcasts hosted by the Death penalty Information Center Discover DPIC podcasts about issues relating to the death penalty. Listen to Podcast Africa Daily Hosted by Alan Kasujja for the BBC "Is the death penalty on its way out?" Released on: Aug. 04, 2021 Listen to Podcast Higher Callings® Hosted by Donald Frederico "The Power to Effect Change": Clinical Professor of Law Sandra Babcock and the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide Released on: Feb. 4, 2023 Listen to Podcast The Comb Hosted by Kim Chakanetsa for the BBC "Not guilty": episode about false accusation and imprisonment in Malawi Released on: Mar. 10, 2023 Listen to Podcast Murderville Hosted by senior Intercept reporters Liliana Segura and Jordan Smith Murderville examines the systemic failures that lead to wrongful convictions. First Released on: Nov. 19, 2018 Listen to Podcast The Women Beyond Walls podcast Hosted by Sabrina Mahtani Women Beyond Walls is a podcast that takes you beyond tired prison stereotypes to listen to real-life stories from incredible individuals – women with lived experience of the justice system, feminist lawyers, activists and experts – all committed to seeing an end to the over-incarceration and over-criminalization of women worldwide. First Released on: Nov. 2021 Listen to Podcast [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [325] => Array ( [objectID] => 21348 [title] => The Mercy Workers, Death Penalty Mitigation Specialists [timestamp] => 1677715200 [date] => 02/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-mercy-workers-death-penalty-mitigation-specialists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For three decades, a little-known group of “mitigation specialists” has helped save death-penalty defendants in the USA by documenting their childhood traumas. A rare look inside one case. [texte] => Nonprofit journalism about criminal justiceSearchAboutNewslettersDonate Spring Membership DriveOur investigative journalism often sparks change by shining a light on injustice. Your donations make it possible. Support independent, nonprofit journalism by becoming a member of The Marshall Project today.donateFiled 6:00 a.m.03.02.2023FeatureThe Mercy WorkersFor three decades, a little-known group of “mitigation specialists” has helped save death-penalty defendants by documenting their childhood traumas. A rare look inside one case.Collage by Melanie Garcia for The Marshall Project.By Maurice ChammahThe first mystery was who could have done such a thing, who could leave someone like that.Jennifer Embry was found in her bathtub in January 1996. She was 29. Her younger brother Ricky had come looking for her after she failed to show up for her shift as an X-ray technician. “The door just came open,” he later testified. “I hoped it was all a dream.”The autopsy said Embry had been raped, strangled and drowned in her Jacksonville, Florida, townhouse. There were no obvious culprits. But near her body, police found a green slipper with the DNA of an unknown male. Her family waited two years before analysts had a match: James Bernard Belcher. He was 39, and had spent much of his life behind bars.This article was published in partnership with The Guardian.The mystery of ‘Who?’ gave way to ‘Why?,’ but the nearly 1,500 pages of Belcher’s trial transcript were mostly devoid of real insights. The defense presented bewildered cousins and younger prisoners who described him as a generous mentor. “Something in him allows him to have…a positive influence on other people, even when he can’t run his own life,” public defender Alan Chipperfield told the jury. “It’s a mystery, and there are some things about human behavior we just don’t know.”The prosecution portrayed Embry’s murder as the culmination of Belcher’s life spent preying upon women: As a teenager, he robbed them on the streets of Brooklyn, New York. At age 29, he used a false identity to trick a Florida woman into sharing her address, and then bound and gagged her at gunpoint inside her bathroom. She testified that he masturbated over her back. While this crime was sexual, he pleaded guilty to armed burglary and aggravated assault. He spent less than two years behind bars before getting out and killing Embry.It took the jury 16 minutes to recommend that Belcher be executed.Defense attorney Chipperfield was used to losing — this was 2001, and the death penalty was popular, especially in Florida. But this case frustrated him. Belcher had denied knowing Embry entirely when police questioned him, despite the DNA match, and he refused to plead guilty in exchange for a life sentence. “He had no defense, and he knew that,” Chipperfield recalled in a recent interview. “He was just a stone wall.”A black and white image of two Black women in dresses and a Black man in a graduation cap and gown is displayed on a courtroom monitor.At James Bernard Belcher’s September 2022 resentencing hearing, prosecutors displayed photos of Jennifer Embry (left), who was murdered by Belcher in Jacksonville, Florida, in January 1996. Agnes Lopez for The Marshall ProjectBelcher was still on death row in 2016, when the U.S. Supreme Court sent a seismic shock through the Florida legal system, ruling that the state was giving judges too much power in death penalty decisions. Dozens of prisoners were entitled to new hearings — not over guilt, just punishment. Belcher’s case stuck out as a rare courtroom rematch: The lead prosecutor from 2001, Bernie de la Rionda, met with the Embry family and decided to come out of retirement to seek a new death sentence. The defense team would feature Chipperfield, who was still working into his 70s, and Lewis Buzzell, his original trial partner.But there was a new player. While both sides waited years for the resentencing hearing to be scheduled, the public defenders’ office hired an investigator named Sara Baldwin to work as a “mitigation specialist” in death penalty cases. Her job would be to mine Belcher’s past for information that might sway a jury towards mercy — to unravel some of the mysteries of his life in order to save it.One morning in the summer of 2018, Baldwin, 56, drove west from Jacksonville, the palm trees of her hometown giving way to the Southern pines that line the road to Florida’s death row. It was her first meeting with Belcher, and his lawyers had warned her to expect an icy reception.But the white-bearded 58-year-old, seated in the visitation room of Union Correctional Institution, was talkative — effusive even. Maybe it was his new wife, a Swiss woman he met through a pen-pal program who now visited him regularly. Maybe it was all the years of isolation and reflection. Or maybe it was Baldwin herself, with her messy yellow notepad, gravelly voice and unflinching eye contact.“After five minutes with her, I [couldn’t] stop talking,” Belcher told me when I visited him on death row last summer. “You want to make her proud.”His new trial, technically called a sentencing hearing, would determine whether he would die by execution. Some in prison feel the alternative — a life sentence, with no chance of release — is worse than death, but Baldwin could tell Belcher wanted to live. “You can have a valuable, meaningful life that’s worth living behind those walls,” she told me. “You can influence a lot of people who are going to get out.”Over the course of 15 meetings across four years, Belcher eventually admitted that he had lied to police about not knowing Embry; the two had been secretly seeing each other. But he made clear he was still struggling to understand why he’d raped and killed her. “I don’t have the words to tell you what is in my heart,” Baldwin recalls him saying. She wondered if trauma from his past had produced a kind of disassociation, since, as she put it bluntly, “It’s not normal human behavior to kill someone.”A White woman faces the camera for a portrait shot. She sits on a chair, with her hands placed on top of each other on her lap.Mitigation specialist Sara Baldwin in June 2022 at the Duval County Office of the Public Defender, in Jacksonville, Florida. Octavio Jones for The Marshall ProjectLike her more famous anti-death penalty peers, such as Bryan Stevenson and Sister Helen Prejean, Baldwin argues the idea that people should be judged on more than their worst actions. But she also speaks in more spiritual terms about the value of unearthing her clients’ lives. “We look through a more merciful lens,” she told me, describing her role as that of a “witness who knows and understands, without condemning.” This work, she believes, can have a healing effect on the client, the people they hurt, and even society as a whole. “The horrible thing to see is the crime,” she said. “We’re saying, ‘Please, please, look past that, there’s a person here, and there’s more to it than you think.’”The United States has inherited competing impulses: It’s “an eye for an eye,” but also “blessed are the merciful.” Some Americans believe that our criminal justice system — rife with excessively long sentences, appalling prison conditions and racial disparities — fails to make us safer. And yet, tell the story of a violent crime and a punishment that sounds insufficient, and you’re guaranteed to get eyerolls.In the midst of that impasse, I’ve come to see mitigation specialists like Baldwin as ambassadors from a future where we think more richly about violence. For the last few decades, they have documented the traumas, policy failures, family dynamics and individual choices that shape the lives of people who kill. Leaders in the field say it’s impossible to accurately count mitigation specialists — there is no formal license — but there may be fewer than 1,000. They’ve actively avoided media attention, and yet the stories they uncover occasionally emerge in Hollywood scripts and Supreme Court opinions. Over three decades, mitigation specialists have helped drive down death sentences from more than 300 annually in the mid-1990s to fewer than 30 in recent years.I met Baldwin in 2014, while reporting on the death penalty, and asked her a few years ago if I could shadow her work. Among her clients, I was drawn to Belcher because he’d spent time as a teenager in a jail on the notoriously violent Rikers Island. The 2015 suicide of Kalief Browder, another man held at Rikers when he was a teenager, prompted New York City leaders to discuss closing the jail complex. I wondered what effect a year on Rikers in the 1970s had on the course of Belcher’s life.I asked Belcher in a letter if I could witness Baldwin’s work in his case, and he said yes. The COVID-19 pandemic put his case’s timeline into limbo for a while, but in January 2022, the pair learned that the trial would be in September. With nine months to go, she flew to New York City to hunt for people from his past.One morning in February 2022, Baldwin and I ducked into a nursing home in a quiet suburb of Long Island, New York. The vicious winter wind gave way to smooth jazz and soft beeps. There were no other visitors in sight, and a nurse pointed us to the single Black man in the cafeteria: 86-year-old James Belcher Sr. He was watching television from his wheelchair, and Baldwin had to raise her voice over the cheers of “The Price is Right.” “We want to talk to you about your son,” she said. “We’ve traveled a great distance.”Sign up for the latest news and analysis.Sign UpEmail list managed by Mailchimp“Alright, alright, alright, that’s no problem,” Belcher said, eyes glistening. He let her push him down the hallway to his small, bare room. His stutter was profound, joining with the aftereffects of a stroke to make a project of each short sentence.Over the course of two meetings, two days apart, Belcher patted his chest and belly to coax out memories of the 1950s, when he came back from an A [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.themarshallproject.org/2023/03/02/death-penalty-mitigation-specialists-rare-look ) [326] => Array ( [objectID] => 21201 [title] => Coalition Congolaise Contre la Peine de Mort (CCPM) [timestamp] => 1677456000 [date] => 27/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-congolaise-contre-la-peine-de-mort-ccpm/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IMG-20230123-WA0023-500x500.jpg [extrait] => In their desire to promote the abolition of the death penalty in the Republic of Congo, Congolese abolitionists have formed a coalition called the Coalition Congolaise Contre la Peine de Mort, Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCCPM). This coalition was created on October 02, 2019 in Brazzaville. Its main objectives are the promotion of […] [texte] => In their desire to promote the abolition of the death penalty in the Republic of Congo, Congolese abolitionists have formed a coalition called the Coalition Congolaise Contre la Peine de Mort, Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCCPM). This coalition was created on October 02, 2019 in Brazzaville. Its main objectives are the promotion of the achievements of the abolition of the death penalty in the country; the strengthening of the action of appropriation of the achievements of the abolition of the death penalty and the coordination of the actions of national dimension through, the advocacy, the complementary lobbying carried out by the associations members of the coalition and finally the promotion of the adhesion of the Congolese associations and some individualities in the national, regional and international coalitions which fight for the abolition of the death penaltyIts main actions to achieve its objectives are to conduct advocacy missions with Congolese authorities, diplomatic missions and others; to conduct awareness campaigns the Congolese population through the media, students, political parties, parliamentarians and civil society organizations and NGOs; to organize capacity building activities, training workshops; to play the role of expert with the Congolese authorities on the issue of abolition of the death penalty; to develop programs of awareness or training on the abolition of the death penalty; and to develop a training program for the Congolese authorities.The Coalition also develops awareness and training programs on the abolition of the death penalty for young people and organizes contests on the issue of the abolition of the death penalty.To its credit, the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty has already carried out the following activities- Advocacy for the ratification of the OP2;- Capacity building and sensitization activities etc. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [327] => Array ( [objectID] => 21187 [title] => Death Penalty Information Center’s Annual Summary [timestamp] => 1677456000 [date] => 27/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/report-on-death-penalty-in-the-usa-in-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) annual review, 2022 has been the eighth consecutive year with less than 30 people executed and less than 50 people sentenced to death during the year in the United States of America. [texte] => According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) annual review, 2022 has been the eighth consecutive year with less than 30 people executed and less than 50 people sentenced to death during the year in the United States of America. (more…) "Death Penalty Information Center’s Annual Summary" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [328] => Array ( [objectID] => 21342 [title] => He Called Me Sister [timestamp] => 1677196800 [date] => 24/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/he-called-me-sister/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The fascinating, moving story of a friendship with an inmate on death row. It was a clash of race, privilege, and circumstance when Alan Robertson first signed up through a church program to visit Cecil Johnson on Death Row, to offer friendship and compassion. Alan's wife Suzanne had no intention of being involved, but slowly, through phone calls and letters, she began to empathize and understand him. That Cecil and Suzanne eventually became such close friends—a white middle-class woman and a Black man who grew up devoid of advantage—is a testament to perseverance, forgiveness, and love, but also to the notion that differences don’t have to be barriers. This book recounts a fifteen-year friendship and how trust and compassion were forged despite the difficult circumstances, and how Cecil ended up ministering more to Suzanne’s family than they did to him. The story details how Cecil maintained inexplicable joy and hope despite the tragic events of his life and how Suzanne, Alan, and their two daughters opened their hearts to a man convicted of murder. Cecil Johnson was executed Dec. 2, 2009. [texte] => 4 | PROLOGUEWe continue past to another series of buzzing doors. I signmy name in what seems more like a guest book at a bed andbreakfast rather than a log on death row. I suppress the urge towrite a comment there, like, “Had a great stay!” or “Best killingfacility this side of the Mississippi—good job!” Then, I am ledto a tiny room that has a waist-high glass window embeddedwith a crisscross of wires on one wall. Through the window isanother, similar room, about the size of a wide closet.Cecil is not there yet. The guard has left me, and I try sittingin one of the plastic chairs—like you might have on yourpatio for a picnic—but that leaves me nose-high to the glass, soI stand. Shifting from one foot to the other, I suddenly feel awkwardto be here and wonder what we’re going to talk about.I hear him before I see him.All these years, because of his good behavior, we have visitedCecil in an open room, where we could play cards, eat together,laugh, and forget where we all were for a while. Today, I can’tsee his feet, but I can hear them. The chains, so thick you mightuse them to pull a car out of a ditch with a tractor, are clampedon his ankles and drag on the hard floor. He is wearing an awkwardwhite cotton tunic and is barefoot. He tells me later theyhad taken his clothes and shoes, and that his feet are cold.He backs into the little room through the glass, not lookingat me, while the guard closes and locks the door. Cecil puts hisshackled wrists through a narrow opening in the door, like amail slot, while the guard unlocks the chains and pulls themoff. Each link clanks on the metal door as it slithers through.He turns slowly toward me, and I catch my breath. He lookslike a preacher in a baptistery, in that white tunic. Cecil spreadshis arms wide and places his hands on the lower frame of thewindow, outstretched. My mind flies back to the many baptismsI have witnessed where the pastor stands waist-high in water, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.churchpublishing.org/hecalledmesister ) [329] => Array ( [objectID] => 21171 [title] => Annual Statistics Report 2022 [timestamp] => 1677024000 [date] => 22/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-statistics-report-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is the seventh edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report published by Project 39A at National Law University, Delhi. 2022 represents a significant shift in death penalty adjudication, with the Supreme Court recognising the need to reconsider the capital sentencing framework for the first time since it was laid down in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab in 1980. In a momentous order, the Supreme Court noted the gaps in the death penalty sentencing framework and has sought to address these concerns through a Constitution Bench towards establishing the components of a real, meaningful and effective capital sentencing hearing. In another decision, the Court laid down guidelines for the collection of mitigating material by trial courts. However, in the same year that the Supreme Court cast grave doubts on the death penalty sentencing framework and its implementation by trial courts, it is of concern that 165 death sentences were imposed by Sessions Courts, the highest in a single year since 2000. [texte] => Project 39AAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39AProject 39A TeamFair Trial Fellowship TeamOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTorturePublications MediaNewsVideosWritingsEvents Work With UsInternshipCareerContactInternshipAnnual Statistics ReportsAnnual Statistics Report 2022Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2018Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2021Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2017 Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2020Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2016 Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2019Know More →Contact Address: Project 39ANational Law University, Delhi.Sector 14, Dwarka,New Delhi - 110078Phone: +91 11 2803 2533Fax: +91 11 2803 6432Email: p39a@nludelhi.ac.inAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39ABoard of AdvisorsP39A TeamFTF TeamResourcesOnline CoursesForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureVideos and PodcastsOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureP39A BlogMediaNewsVideoPUBLICATIONSWRITINGSEventsWork With UsCareerInternship [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/annual-statistics-reports ) [330] => Array ( [objectID] => 21341 [title] => Capital Punishment & Social Rights Research Initiative – Texas [timestamp] => 1676160000 [date] => 12/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-social-rights-research-initiative-texas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Capital Punishment and Social Rights Research Initiative assesses and analyzes the access of men and women on U.S. death rows to social rights such as health care, social contacts, visitation, communication, recreation and spiritual support. CPSR's info series on living conditions on death row, state by state. Part 1: Texas [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.cpsrinitiative.com/infographic ) [331] => Array ( [objectID] => 21121 [title] => Protected: Test [timestamp] => 1675900800 [date] => 09/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/test/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There is no excerpt because this is a protected post. [texte] => This content is password-protected. To view it, please enter the password below.Password: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [332] => Array ( [objectID] => 21169 [title] => Bloodshed and Lies: Mohammed bin Salman’s Kingdom of Executions [timestamp] => 1675123200 [date] => 31/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/saudi-arabia-and-the-death-penalty-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-rise-in-executions-under-mohammed-bin-salman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Saudi Arabia is a flagrant abuser of the right to life. Between 2010 and 2021, Saudi Arabia executed at least 1243 people, making it one of the most rampant executioners in the world. As of December 2022, the Saudi regime had executed at least a further 147 people in 2022, including 81 people in one day in a mass execution on 12 March 2022.Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty has drastically increased since 2015. This escalation has taken place on the watch of Saudi Arabia’s King Salman, who acceded the throne on 23 January 2015, and his son, Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman. The annual rate of executions has almost doubled since King Salman and Mohammed bin Salman came to power in 2015. From 2010-2014 there was an average of 70.8 executions per year. From 2015-2022 there was an average of 129.5 executions per year – a rise of 82%. The six bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history have all occurred under the leadership of Mohammed bin Salman and King Salman (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022). [texte] => Reprieve About Us Issues Our work LatestSearchEnd The Death Penalty Case study In the newsSaudi Arabia and the death penalty: Everything you need to know about the rise in executions under Mohammed bin SalmanJanuary 31, 2023The rate of executions in Saudi Arabia has almost doubled since King Salman and his son Mohammed bin Salman came to power in 2015, as revealed in a new report by Reprieve and ESOHR.Read on to find out how the death penalty is used in Saudi Arabia and how it has drastically increased under Mohammed bin Salman.Does Saudi Arabia have the death penalty?Saudi Arabia is known to be one of the world’s most deadly executioners. Between 2010-2021, at least 1,243 people were executed. In 2022, at least 147 people were executed.The six bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history have all occurred under the leadership of Mohammed bin Salman and King Salman (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022). From 2015-2022 (King Salman came to power in 2015) there was an average of 129.5 executions per year – that’s a rise of 82%.There is no sign of Saudi Arabia ending the death penalty. In 2022, at least 147 people were executed, with 81 people killed in a single day. What crimes can you get the death penalty for?Saudi Arabia retains the death penalty for a wide range of offences across three categories in Islamic law: Qisas (retributive), Had (mandatory) and Ta’zir (discretionary). Within these categories, judges in Saudi Arabia retain wide-ranging powers to determine what behavior may constitute a criminal offence and its resulting punishment, including the death penalty.Reprieve’s 2023 report, Bloodshed and Lies: Mohammed bin Salman’s Kingdom of Executions, is the first and most extensive investigation into executions in Saudi Arabia. It shows that between 2010 and 2021, the types of crimes resulting in executions could be classified into the following groups: Murder Drugs trafficking, including smuggling Sexual offences Formation of, or membership with, an organised criminal group or proscribed group Kidnapping or false imprisonment accompanied by assault, burglary or robbery Sedition, treason and other state security offences Witchcraft and sorceryInternational law requires states that retain the death penalty to limit its application to “the most serious crimes”, widely accepted to mean intentional killing.How has Saudi Arabia used the death penalty in 2022?2022 was one of the bloodiest years on record in Saudi Arabia’s recent history. Our investigations show that at least 147 people were executed in Saudi Arabia in 2022. 81 people were killed in one single day, in the Kingdom’s largest mass execution in its history on 12 March.The true number of how many people are facing the death penalty in Saudi Arabia is unknown because the authorities keep capital trials and death row shrouded in secrecy. That is why the findings of Reprieve’s report are vital in unveiling the truth about this bloody regime.Saudi Arabia’s judicial system – the legal system and judgments made in a court of law – is known for being unjust. Legal decisions, especially around the death penalty, are taken behind closed doors, court documents are forbidden from being published, charges are changed, and court sessions are indefinitely postponed, to name a few examples. Reprieve investigations have found that fair trial violations and torture are endemic in death penalty cases, including the cases of child defendants.Our investigations have even found names of executed people where there were no public records of them being either imprisoned, charged or being given a death sentence.Executions in Saudi Arabia between 2010-2021In Reprieve and ESOHR’s most recent report, it was uncovered that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia executed at least 1,243 people between the years of 2010-2021 but because Saudi Arabia does not comply with the UN requirements on publishing information on its use of the death penalty, the real number could be higher.Has the rate of executions under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s leadership risen?The rate of executions under Mohammed bin Salman has risen drastically since he came to power. Under his leadership, the past six years have been the bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history. In 2015, Mohammed bin Salman’s father ascended to the throne, marking the start of Mohammed bin Salman’s grip on power. Between 2015 and 2021, the execution rate increased by 82%.The six bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history have all occurred under the leadership of Mohammed bin Salman and King Salman (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022). The explosion in the number of executions in Saudi Arabia under Mohammed bin Salman is a crisis the international community cannot continue to ignore. Every data point in this report is a human life taken. The Saudi death penalty machine chews up children, protesters, vulnerable women in domestic service, unwitting drug mules and people whose only ‘crime’ was owning banned books or speaking to foreign journalists. And all while MBS lies to the world that he has reformed the system to reduce the number of people executed. Maya Foa, Reprieve DirectorDo minors in Saudi Arabia receive the death penalty?Saudi Arabia has a history of handing out the death penalty to minors. Reprieve client Abdullah al-Howaiti was 14-years-old when he was arrested, tortured and forced to confess to a crime he could not have committed. He was still a minor when he was handed the death penalty.An image of the top half of a young Abdullah al-Howaiti looking directy at the camera. He is wearing a white Thawb which is an ankle length robe. He is sat against a dark black background. Abdullah al-HowaitiA group of UN Legal experts have called on Saudi Arabia to annul Abdullah al-Howaiti’s second death sentence because he did not receive a fair trial. The Special Rapporteurs wrote that “it is inherently cruel to execute children,” and called on Saudi Arabia to “abolish the imposition of the death penalty for juveniles for all crimes, without exception.”At least 15 child defendants – those who committed ‘alleged’ crimes when they were minors – have been executed since 2013, despite Saudi Arabia announcing they were getting rid of the death penalty for those who committed crimes when they were minors.In 2021, Mustafa al-Darwish, who was on death row due to an alleged crime committed when he was just 17-years-old, was executed.Are foreign nationals at risk of receiving the death penalty in Saudi Arabia?From 2010 to 2021, Saudi Arabia executed 490 foreign nationals, which makes up 39% of the total number of executions that took place in the Kingdom between those years.The Kingdom executed nearly three times more foreign nationals for drug offences than it did Saudi nationals, despite foreign nationals making up only 36% of the population.Saudi Arabia has the third largest migrant population in the world. As of 2021, there were approximately six million migrant workers residing in Saudi Arabia.Can women in Saudi Arabia receive the death penalty?Women face the death penalty in Saudi Arabia and between 2010-2021, 31 women were executed. Almost three-quarters of those executed were foreign nationals and of those foreign nationals, at least 56% were domestic workers.Tuti Tursilawati was born in Indonesia and arrived in Saudi Arabia in September 2009 to work for a family. Tuti’s employer regularly sexually abused her. In May 2010, as her employer attempted to rape her, Tuti hit him with a stick in self-defence, which led to his death. She fled the house to try and get away, but she was found by a group of nine men who gang raped her. Tuti was arrested by police a week later. In June 2011, Tuti was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. After eight years in prison, she was executed by beheading. How is Mohammed bin Salman using sports to distract from the death penalty?10,363 actions takenMohammed bin Salman: Keep your blood-stained hands off sportsCrown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is trying to use sports to distract the world from his human rights abusesMohammed bin Salman – and his regime – are trying to distract the world from his human rights abuses by buying sports clubs like Newcastle United, creating series and tournaments like the LIV Golf Tour all while they commit some of the worst human rights abuses in the world: handing out the death penalty and executing people in mass executions. This is called sportswashing.Sportswashing is when an individual, organisation or government uses sports to try and improve their image. Washing away the dirt from their tarnished reputation.We all love sports. But we must speak out when sporting events are used by a regime to launder its reputation and distract from child defendants facing the death penalty – even when it involves the world’s most loved players like Ronaldo. What can you do to stop Mohammed bin Salman’s bloody regime from executing people?The Saudi Arabian government is powerful, but together, we can shine a light on the reality of the regime.Reprieve investigators, lawyers and campaigners work to defend our clients in Saudi Arabia by producing ground-breaking reports to shine a light on the human rights abuses by the Saudi leadership and we pressure governments to take a stand against Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty.We have helped get Saudi Arabian clients home before, and we can do it again. The Saudi Arabian regime cares about its image and so the Reprieve community – made up of nearly 100,000 of us – has power. In February 2022, one of our three clients who were minors when they were locked up got to go home, after almost ten years on death row.This work is only possible with the support of the Reprieve community who sign petitions, write to their MPs, email organisations like Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Commission and fund our work where possible.Read the full r [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/uk/2023/01/31/saudi-arabia-and-the-death-penalty-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-rise-in-executions-under-mohammed-bin-salman/ ) [333] => Array ( [objectID] => 21098 [title] => A Very Moving and Inspiring Closing Ceremony [timestamp] => 1675036800 [date] => 30/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-congress-2closing-ceremony/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/world-congress-closing-ceremony-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Closing Ceremony of the 8th World Congress celebrated people who play an immense role in the process of the abolition of the death penalty, with an awards ceremony and a tribute. [texte] => The Closing Ceremony of the 8th World Congress celebrated people who play an immense role in the process of the abolition of the death penalty, with an awards ceremony and a tribute. (more…) "A Very Moving and Inspiring Closing Ceremony" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [334] => Array ( [objectID] => 21067 [title] => A Look Back at the 20th Anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1674777600 [date] => 27/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-look-back-at-the-20th-anniversary-of-the-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/jpg-world-day-poster-english-cropped-500x247.jpg [extrait] => “Psychologically I am no longer human.”. This tweet by the World Organization Against Torture, quoting an interview with Richard Yav, a former security guard who was wrongly sentenced to death for 20 years in Benin, sheds light on the various impacts of torture. [texte] => “Psychologically I am no longer human.”. This tweet by the World Organization Against Torture, quoting an interview with Richard Yav, a former security guard who was wrongly sentenced to death for 20 years in Benin, sheds light on the various impacts of torture. (more…) "A Look Back at the 20th Anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [335] => Array ( [objectID] => 21050 [title] => How the Death Penalty is Politicized: A Reflection on the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1674777600 [date] => 27/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-the-death-penalty-is-politicized-8th-world-congress/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/instrumentalisation-of-the-death-penalty-8th-world-congress-500x250.jpg [extrait] => During the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, in Berlin Germany, the phrase “the death penalty is being used as a political tool” was used frequently – in panels, in round tables, in speeches, even amongst the participants getting a coffee in between Congress events. [texte] => During the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, in Berlin Germany, the phrase “the death penalty is being used as a political tool” was used frequently - in panels, in round tables, in speeches, even amongst the participants getting a coffee in between Congress events. (more…) "How the Death Penalty is Politicized: A Reflection on the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [336] => Array ( [objectID] => 21033 [title] => Advocacy Seminar Held in Berlin for French-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa Members [timestamp] => 1674691200 [date] => 26/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocacy-seminar-berlin-french-speaking-sub-saharan-africa-members/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/training-abolition-africa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In the margins of the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT’s African ACATs (Féderation international des Action des Chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture) met in Berlin, Germany for an advocacy seminar. [texte] => In the margins of the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT’s African ACATs (Féderation international des Action des Chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture) met in Berlin, Germany for an advocacy seminar. (more…) "Advocacy Seminar Held in Berlin for French-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa Members" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Burkina Faso [2] => Cameroon [3] => Central African Republic [4] => Chad [5] => Congo [6] => Côte d'Ivoire [7] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [8] => Guinea [9] => Madagascar [10] => Mali [11] => Niger [12] => Senegal [13] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [337] => Array ( [objectID] => 21347 [title] => Key legal Instruments and texts adopted on Abolition of the death penalty by the Council of Europe [timestamp] => 1674518400 [date] => 24/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/key-legal-instruments-and-texts-adopted-on-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-by-the-council-of-europe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => All the Council of Europe documents related to abolition of the death penalty gathered in one page : decisions of the Committee of Ministers, resolutions of the Parliamentary Assembly, Treaties... [texte] => COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS DOCUMENTSDeclarationsDecisionsDocumentsInformation documents and Committee of Ministers documentsRecommendationsProtocols to the ECHR Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty (ETS No.114) Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances (ETS No.187)PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY DOCUMENTSWritten DeclarationsResolutionsRecommendationsOpinionsReportsParliamentary QuestionsMotion for an Order [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.coe.int/en/web/abolition-death-penalty/key-legal-instruments-and-texts-adopted ) [338] => Array ( [objectID] => 21170 [title] => Living with a Death Sentence in Kenya: Prisoners’ Experiences of Crime, Punishment and Death Row [timestamp] => 1674518400 [date] => 24/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-with-a-death-sentence-in-kenya-prisoners-experiences-of-crime-punishment-and-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project’s latest report provides a comprehensive analysis of the lives of prisoners on death row in Kenya. It focuses on prisoners’ socio-economic backgrounds and profiles, their pathways to, and motivation for, offending, as well as their experiences of the criminal justice process and of imprisonment. It complements our previous research, a two-part study of attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya, The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice.While 120 countries around the world have now abolished the death penalty, including 25 in Africa, Kenya is one of 22 African nations that continues to retain the death penalty in law, albeit it has not carried out any executions for more than three decades. As such, Kenya is classified as ‘abolitionist de facto’, the United Nations term for a country that has not carried out an execution for at least 10 years. Yet, while state-sanctioned executions no longer occur, hundreds of people are currently living under sentence of death and others are convicted and sentenced to death each year. As long as the death penalty is retained in law, there remains a risk that executions might resume if there is political change. Moreover, the plight and turmoil of those languishing on death row – consistently the poorest and most vulnerable – cannot be ignored. They are disproportionately sentenced to death and suffer the harshest punishments and treatment. [texte] => Skip to main contentDPP Homepage Home Who We Are What we do Our Stories News Knowledge ContactOur Twitter Our FacebookOur LinkedIn Our Instagram Home Knowledge KENYA SOCIO-ECONOMIC REPORT Our TwitterOur FacebookLiving with a Death Sentence in Kenya: Prisoners' Experiences of Crime, Punishment and Death Row Reports and Studies 24 Jan 2023 In 2022 the Death Penalty Project partnered with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) to commission the University of Oxford to conduct research to conduct research investigating the socio-economic profiles of those on death row in Kenya. Authored by Prof Carolyn Hoyle, Director of The Death Penalty Research Unit, at the University of Oxford, and Lucrezia Rizzelli, doctoral candidate at the University of Oxford Centre for Criminology, the findings have been presented in our latest report, focusing on prisoners’ socio-economic background and profiles, their pathways to, and motivation for, offending, as well as their experiences of the criminal justice process and of imprisonment. It complements our previous research, a two-part study of attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya, entitled, ‘The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice’ Key findings: Socio-economic, demographic & welfare profile of prisoners Only 11% of prisoners had a prior conviction The majority were poorly educated: more than 1 in 10 had never been in formal education Their average wage was below the Kenyan minimum wage and more than 1/3 were in debt 86% of prisoners were responsible for supporting dependents Prisoners’ decisions to offend 95% of those that committed robbery did not know that it was punishable by death and 86% of those that committed murder did not know 72% of those that committed robbery did so were motivated by financial gain The majority were not worried about being sentenced to death Experiences of the criminal justice system and incarceration 53% were not given the right to communicate with a lawyer pre-trial During interrogation almost half were subject to either psychological or physical abuse At trial, 27% were denied an interpreter; 24% were denied legal assistance; 43% did not understand what was happening at their trial Experiences of incarceration Around 1/3 did not have sufficient nourishing food or adequate access to medical care Around 2/3 of prisoners said their physical and mental health had suffered since they had been incarcerated 2/3 said that their relationships with family deteriorated, with 1 in 10 having no visitors in prison Related ResourcesStay up-to-date with our workFirst NameLast NameYour Email AddressAbout Who We Are Our History FAQs ContactWhat we do Where We Operate Free Legal Representation Policy & Engagement Capacity BuildingResources Professional Resources Studies & Surveys Reports VideosStories & Press Our Stories Latest News EventsGet InvolvedHelp protect those facing the death penaltyOur Twitter Our FacebookOur LinkedInOur Instagram© 2021 The Death Penalty Project.Registered charity (No. 1115035). Registered company (No. 05579286).Design by MintTwist Cookies Policy • Terms & Conditions • Privacy Policy • Sitemap [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/kenya-socio-economic-report/ ) [339] => Array ( [objectID] => 21343 [title] => Getting to Death: Race and the Paths of Capital Cases after Furman [timestamp] => 1673568000 [date] => 13/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/getting-to-death-race-and-the-paths-of-capital-cases-after-furman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Decades of research on the administration of the death penalty have recognized the persistent arbitrariness in its implementation and the racial inequality in the selection of defendants and cases for capital punishment. This Article provides new insights into the combined effects of these two constitutional challenges. We show how these features of post-Furman capital punishment operate at each stage of adjudication, from charging death-eligible cases to plea negotiations to the selection of eligible cases for execution and ultimately to the execution itself, and how their effects combine to sustain the constitutional violations first identified 50 years ago in Furman. Analyzing a dataset of 2,328 first- degree murder convictions in Georgia from 1995–2004 that produced 1,317 death eligible cases, we show that two features of these cases combine to produce a small group of persons facing execution: victim race and gender, and a set of case-specific features that are often correlated with race. We also show that these features explain which cases progress from the initial stages of charging to a death sentence, and which are removed from death eligibility at each stage through plea negotiations. Consistent with decades of death penalty research, we also show the special focus of prosecution on cases where Black defendants murder white victims. The evidence in the Georgia records suggests a regime marred less by overbreadth in its statute than capriciousness and randomness in the decision to seek death and to seek it in a racially disparate manner. These two dimensions of capital case adjudication combine to sustain the twin failures that produce the fatal lottery that is the death penalty. [texte] => GETTING TO DEATH: RACE AND THE PATHSOF CAPITAL CASES AFTER FURMANJeffrey Fagan,† Garth Davies†† & Raymond Paternoster†††Decades of research on the administration of the deathpenalty have recognized the persistent arbitrariness in itsimplementation and the racial inequality in the selection ofdefendants and cases for capital punishment. This Articleprovides new insights into the combined effects of these twoconstitutional challenges. We show how these features ofpost-Furman capital punishment operate at each stage ofadjudication, from charging death-eligible cases to pleanegotiations to the selection of eligible cases for execution andultimately to the execution itself, and how their effectscombine to sustain the constitutional violations first identified50 years ago in Furman. Analyzing a dataset of 2,328 firstdegreemurder convictions in Georgia from 1995–2004 thatproduced 1,317 death eligible cases, we show that twofeatures of these cases combine to produce a small group ofpersons facing execution: victim race and gender, and a set ofcase-specific features that are often correlated with race. Wealso show that these features explain which cases progressfrom the initial stages of charging to a death sentence, andwhich are removed from death eligibility at each stage throughplea negotiations. Consistent with decades of death penaltyresearch, we also show the special focus of prosecution oncases where Black defendants murder white victims. Theevidence in the Georgia records suggests a regime marred lessby overbreadth in its statute than capriciousness andrandomness in the decision to seek death and to seek it in aracially disparate manner. These two dimensions of capitalcase adjudication combine to sustain the twin failures thatproduce the fatal lottery that is the death penalty.† Isidor and Seville Sulzbacher Professor of Law and Professor ofEpidemiology, Columbia University. The authors are grateful to Bill Rankin,Heather Vogell, Soni Jacobs, Megan Clarke, and the journalists at The AtlantaJournal-Constitution for outstanding efforts in collecting the data and in theirreporting on the death penalty in Georgia. Thanks for helpful comments tocolleagues and participants at the Cornell Law Review Symposium: Furman at 50,April 1, 2022.†† Associate Professor of Criminal Justice, Simon Fraser University.††† Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland.Professor Paternoster passed away in March 2017, after the project was inprocess. This project was conceived by Ray, and it is his ideas that we test here.He is missed.15651566 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1565INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566 A. Furman and Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566 B. This Article. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1572 I. DISCRETION AS NEGOTIATED CHOICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1577 II. DATA AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584 A. Study Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584 B. Variables and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588 1. Outcomes and Progression of Cases. . . . . . . 1588 2. Mediating Effects on the Progression ofDecisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588 C. Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1590 III. RESULTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1592 A. Descriptive Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1592 B. Statutory Aggravators by Defendant Race . . . . 1595 C. Seeking Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597 D. Getting to Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1602 E. Who Gets to Death? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610 IV. DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1616 INTRODUCTIONA. Furman and RaceThis year marks the 50th anniversary of the SupremeCourt’s opinion in Furman v. Georgia,1 a landmark decisionthat temporarily halted capital punishment in the U.S. Theopinion invalidated the death sentencing statutes in effect atthat time in thirty-five states and in the federal death penaltysystem.2 It resulted in the resentencing of over 600 persons ondeath rows across the U.S. to life imprisonment.3 The post-Furman moratorium followed a de facto moratorium from themid-1960s. Executions resumed with Gregg v. Georgia’sreinstatement of capital punishment in 1976.4Despite disagreements in the 5-4 opinion, the FurmanJustices were united in their criticism of capital statutes in1 408 U.S. 238 (1972) (per curiam).2 See Michael Meltsner & Daniel S. Medwed, Does a Fair Way to Decide WhoGets the Death Penalty Actually Exist?, SLATE (Feb. 22, 2022), https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2022/02/the-death-penalty-is-arbitrary-and-capricious.html[https://perma.cc/V9Z9-U8MW].3 Id.4 Hashem Dezhbakhsh & Joanna M. Shepherd, The Deterrent Effect ofCapital Punishment: Evidence from a “Judicial Experiment,” 44 ECON. INQUIRY 512,515 (2006); see also John J. Donohue & Justin Wolfers, Uses and Abuses ofEmpirical Evidence in the Death Penalty Debate, 58 STAN. L. REV. 791, 797 (2005)(showing execution rates and counts from 1900–2004).2022] Fagan, Davies & Paternoster - Getting To Death 1567effect at that time.5 The Court held that Georgia’s deathpenaltyprocedures violated the Eighth Amendment’s ban oncruel and unusual punishments.6 The opinion cited thearbitrary and capricious application of the death penalty,7 adeath sentencing scheme described as unpredictable,“freakish[ ],” and a “fatal lottery.”8 The Furman Court cited theoverbreadth of many of the death statutes that inflated thepopulations of death-eligible defendants, of whom only a tinyproportion were executed.9 They required that any new capitalstatute “must genuinely narrow the class of persons eligible forthe death penalty . . . .”10 This feature of death sentencingreceived the most attention in the hundred-plus-page Furmanopinion and was the focus of the post-Furman statutes.Several Furman Justices also worried that the Court gaveuneven attention to racial disparity. Without stating a directconnection of arbitrariness with racial disparity, these Justices5 Furman, 408 U.S. at 238; see also McGautha v. California, 402 U.S. 183,190, 196 (1971) (finding that “the law itself provides no standard for the guidanceof the jury in the selection of the [death] penalty, but . . . commits the wholematter . . . to the judgment, conscience, and absolute discretion of the jury,” butavoiding a conclusion that the lack of standards was a constitutionallyproblematic violation of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment);see also id. at 183 (“Certiorari was granted to consider whether petitioners’ rightswere infringed by permitting the death penalty without standards to govern itsimposition . . . .”) (emphasis added).6 Furman, 408 U.S. at 238 (per curiam).7 Id. at 274 (Douglas, J., concurring); id. at 309 (Stewart, J., concurring); seealso Maynard v. Cartwright, 486 U.S. 356, 362 (1988).8 Scott Phillips & Alena Simon, Is the Modern Death Penalty a Fatal Lottery?Texas as a Conservative Test, 3 LAWS 85, 86, 92 (2014) (describing the pattern ofdeath sentencing as a “fatal lottery”); Petition for Certiorari at 24, Hidalgo v.Arizona, 138 S. Ct. 1054 (2018) (No. 17-251), 2017 WL 3531089, at *24; Hidalgo,138 S. Ct. at 1057 (Breyer, J., statement respecting the denial of certiorari)(quoting Zant v. Stephens, 462 U.S. 862, 878 (1983)) (citing evidence that 98% offirst-degree murder cases in Maricopa County as evidence of the absence of theconstitutionally mandated legislative narrowing of eligibility for capitalpunishment in the Arizona statute). The Furman Court stated that narrowing wasnecessary to avoid a pattern of arbitrary and capricious punishments that wouldviolate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusualpunishment. Furman, 408 U.S. at 274 (Brennan, J., concurring) (citing the risk ofthe arbitrary infliction of severe punishments); id. at 295 (equating the “unguided”discretion cited in McGautha with the “totally capricious selection of criminals forthe punishment of death”).9 Furman, 408 U.S. at 294 (Brennan, J., concurring) (“Crimes and criminalssimply do not admit of a distinction that can be drawn so finely as to explain, onthat ground, the execution of such a tiny sample of those eligible.”); see also id. at310 (Stewart, J., concurring) (noting “the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendmentscannot tolerate . . . this unique penalty to be so wantonly and so freakishlyimposed”).10 Zant v. Stephens, 462 U.S. 862, 877 (1983) (stating the mandate ofFurman); see also Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 189 (1976) (same).1568 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1565cited evidence that the death penalty was carried out against“the poor, the Negro, and the members of unpopular groups.”11Justice Douglas cited extensive evidence of racial disparities inhis opinion. Justice Stewart concluded that “if any basis canbe discerned for the selection of these few to be sentenced todie, it is the constitutionally impermissible basis of race.”12Justice Marshall noted that racial disparities in capitalsentencing were still prevalent at the time of Furman, butacknowledged that the record in Furman and the Court’s priordecision in Maxwell v. Bishop13—rejecting a constitutionalchallenge to capital punishment statutes—led the Court tostop short of a finding that racial bias infected all deathsentences imposed on nonwhite defendants.14Three opinions issued on July 2, 1976, responded toFurman’s critique that there was “no meaningful basis fordistinguishing the few cases in which [death] is imposed fromthe many case [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/getting-to-death-race-and-the-paths-of-capital-cases-after-furman/ ) [340] => Array ( [objectID] => 20924 [title] => Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1672963200 [date] => 06/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/zambia-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/abolition-zambia-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 23 December 2022, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema signed into law Penal Code (Amendment) Bill number 25, which bans the death penalty and the offence of criminal defamation of the president. [texte] => On 23 December 2022, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema signed into law Penal Code (Amendment) Bill number 25, which bans the death penalty and the offence of criminal defamation of the president. (more…) "Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [341] => Array ( [objectID] => 20876 [title] => 9th Resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty: the trend is growing [timestamp] => 1671494400 [date] => 20/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/9th-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty-the-trend-is-growing/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/VoteUNGAMoratoriumResolution2022-500x231.jpg [extrait] => On 15 December 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 9th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 125 votes in favor (2 more than in 2020), 37 votes against, 22 abstentions and 9 absent. [texte] => On 15 December 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 9th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 125 votes in favor (2 more than in 2020), 37 votes against, 22 abstentions and 9 absent. (more…) "9th Resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty: the trend is growing" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [342] => Array ( [objectID] => 20982 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2022: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2022-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a year awash with incendiary political advertising that drove the public’s perception of rising crime to record highs, public support for capital punishment and jury verdicts for death remained near fifty-year lows. Defying conventional political wisdom, nearly every measure of change — from new death sentences imposed and executions conducted to public opinion polls and election results — pointed to the continuing durability of the more than 20-year sustained decline of the death penalty in the United States.The Gallup crime survey, administered in the midst of the midterm elections while the capital trial for the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida was underway, found that support for capital punishment remained within one percentage point of the half-century lows recorded in 2020 and 2021. The 20 new death sentences imposed in 2022 are fewer than in any year before the pandemic, and just 2 higher than the record lows of the prior two years. With the exception of the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, the 18 executions in 2022 are the fewest since 1991. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Facebook TwitterHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailThe Death Penalty in 2022: Year End ReportPublic Support for Death Penalty at Near-Record Low Despite Perception that Violent Crime is UpUnaccountability Highlights a Year of Botched ExecutionsOregon’s Governor Commutes Death RowPosted on Dec 16, 2022Press Release Download PDF Introduction Significant Developments in 2022 Execution and Sentencing Trends Innocence and Clemency Problematic Executions Public Opinion and Elections Problems with New Death Sentences Supreme Court Key Quotes Downloadable Resources Credits Key Findings Eighth consecutive year with fewer than 30 executions and 50 new death sentences Botched executions and protocol errors lead to halts in Alabama and Tennessee Executions heavily concentrated in few jurisdictions – more than half in Oklahoma and TexasNote: The report was updated on December 19 to reflect that 20 death sentences were imposed in 2022. When the report was initially published, two death sentences were anticipated on December 16, but both hearings were rescheduled for 2023.Introduction UpIn a year awash with incendiary political advertising that drove the public’s perception of rising crime to record highs, public support for capital punishment and jury verdicts for death remained near fifty-year lows. Defying conventional political wisdom, nearly every measure of change — from new death sentences imposed and executions conducted to public opinion polls and election results — pointed to the continuing durability of the more than 20-year sustained decline of the death penalty in the United States.The Gallup crime survey, administered in the midst of the midterm elections while the capital trial for the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida was underway, found that support for capital punishment remained within one percentage point of the half-century lows recorded in 2020 and 2021. The 20 new death sentences imposed in 2022 are fewer than in any year before the pandemic, and just 2 higher than the record lows of the prior two years. With the exception of the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, the 18 executions in 2022 are the fewest since 1991.One by one, states continued their movement away from the death penalty. On December 13, 2022, Oregon Governor Kate Brown announced the commutation of the capital sentences of all 17 death-row prisoners and instructed corrections officials to begin dismantling the state’s execution chamber. The commutations completed what she called the “near abolition” of the death penalty by the state legislature in 2019. Thirty-seven states — nearly three-quarters of the country — have now abolished the death penalty or not carried out an execution in more than a decade.Death Row Population By State†State 2022 2021California690699Florida323338Texas199198Alabama166171North Carolina138139Ohio134136Pennsylvania128130Arizona116118Nevada6566Louisiana6265Tennessee4749U.S. Fed. Gov’t.4446Oklahoma4243Georgia4145Mississippi3740South Carolina3739Arkansas2931Kentucky2727Oregon~2124Missouri2021Nebraska1212Kansas99Indiana88Idaho88Utah77U.S. Military44Montana22New Hampshire^^11South Dakota11Virginia^02Wyoming01Total2414‡2474‡† Data from NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund for April 1 of the year shown.^Virginia abolished the death penalty with an effective date of July 1, 2021. The bill reduced the state’s two death sentences to life without parole.^^ New Hampshire prospectively abolished the death penalty May 30, 2019.‡ Persons with death sentences in multiple states are only included once in the total.~Oregon Governor Kate Brown commuted all of the state’s death sentences on December 13. This shows Oregon’s death row population as of April 1.For the eighth consecutive year, fewer than 30 people were executed and fewer than 50 people were sentenced to death. The five-year average of new death sentences, 26.6 per year, is the lowest in 50 years. The five-year average of executions, 18.6 per year, is the lowest in more than 30 years, a 74% decline over the course of one decade. Death row declined in size for the 21st consecutive year, even before Governor Brown commuted the sentences of the 17 prisoners on Oregon’s death row.2022 could be called “the year of the botched execution” because of the high number of states with failed or bungled executions. Seven of the 20 execution attempts were visibly problematic — an astonishing 35% — as a result of executioner incompetence, failures to follow protocols, or defects in the protocols themselves. On July 28, 2022, executioners in Alabama took three hours to set an IV line before putting Joe James Jr. to death, the longest botched lethal injection execution in U.S. history. Executions were put on hold in Alabama, Tennessee, Idaho, and South Carolina when the states were unable to follow execution protocols. Idaho scheduled an execution without the drugs to carry it out. One execution did not occur in Oklahoma because the state did not have custody of the prisoner and had not made arrangements for his transfer before scheduling him to be put to death.Although states persisted in veiling the execution process in secrecy, what reporters were able to see, and what autopsies or failed executions revealed, was shocking. Witnesses reported significant problems in all three of Arizona’s executions, including the “surreal” spectacle of a possibly innocent man assisting his executioners in finding a vein in which to inject the lethal chemicals. An independent autopsy of Alabama prisoner Joe James Jr.’s body revealed what a reporter who observed those proceedings described as “carnage.” The next two executions were called off while in progress because of the execution teams inability to set an IV line. Alabama Governor Kay Ivey called for a pause in future executions and ordered an internal “top-to-bottom review” of the state’s execution process.Tennessee Governor Bill Lee stayed the execution of Oscar Smith when, shortly before it was set to occur, he learned that the execution team had failed to test the chemicals for impurities and contamination. Citing an “oversight” in execution preparations, he canceled all pending executions and commissioned a former federal prosecutor to undertake an independent review of the process.South Carolina attempted to schedule two executions without having a complete execution protocol in place. Under state law, if lethal injection is unavailable, prisoners are forced to choose between electrocution or firing squad, but the state had no plan for firing squad executions. The state supreme court halted later scheduled executions to allow a trial court to adjudicate a challenge to the constitutionality of those methods. After a trial on the issue, the court ruled that they violated South Carolina’s constitutional prohibition against “cruel, unusual, and corporal punishments.”A small number of jurisdictions that have historically been the heaviest users of capital punishment carried out a majority of executions and imposed most death sentences. Executions were concentrated in a handful of states – Oklahoma, Texas, Alabama, and Arizona – that have historically been among the most prolific executioners. But in most states and counties, cultural and political trends toward criminal legal reform and racial justice kept the death penalty out of favor, even as media and politicians escalated fears of crime. In the midst of political rhetoric reminiscent of the peak death penalty years of the 1990s, voters selected governors in the three states with moratoria on executions. Candidates who said they would not sign death warrants won in all three. Reform prosecutors were elected or re-elected across the country: in Dallas and San Antonio, Texas; Shelby County, Tennessee; Oklahoma County, Oklahoma; and Alameda County, California; among others.The 18 executions carried out this year raised serious concerns about the application of the death penalty and the methods used to carry it out. Among those executed this year were prisoners with serious mental illness, brain damage, intellectual disability, and strong claims of innocence. In most jurisdictions, these cases would not even be capitally prosecuted today. Two prisoners were executed over the objections of the victims’ families, and two others were executed despite requests from prosecutors to withdraw their death warrants.The arbitrariness of capital punishment was evident in sentencing decisions. Twenty people were sentenced to death in twelve states. Among those sentenced to death were at least four with significant trauma, one with brain damage, one who waived his right to counsel, and one who waived jury sentencing and asked for a death sentence. At the same time, several highly aggravated murder cases resulted in life sentences, including the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida and a high-profile quadruple-murder in Ohio. The juxtaposition of those cases that resulted in death sentences and those that resulted in life without parole belies the myth that the death penalty is reserved for the “worst of the worst.”Innocence cases attracted national attention and support from unlikely actors. A bipartisan group of Oklahoma legislators released the findings of an independent investigation into the case of Richard Glossip. Representative Kevin McDugle, a Republican and self-described supporter of capital punishment, was so convinced by the evidence of Glossip’s innocence that he vowed, “If we put Richard Glossip to death I will fight in this state to abolish the death penalty simply because the process is not pure. I do believe in the death penalty, I believ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2022-year-end-report ) [343] => Array ( [objectID] => 20978 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2022: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2022-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Use of the death penalty in Texas remained near historic low levels in 2022, with juries sentencing two people to death and the State executing five people. Three other scheduled executions were stayed by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (CCA). Overall, the eight execution dates set for 2022 were the fewest in Texas since 1996.Despite their low number, the executions set and carried out in 2022 raise troubling issues about the fairness and utility of the death penalty. Four of the men put to death, including 78-year-old Carl Wayne Buntion, suffered from physical or mental impairments or histories of childhood trauma, while two maintained their innocence of the crimes for which they were convicted. [texte] => Skip to the contentTCADPTCADP Home Who We Are About Us Contact Staff Board of Directors What We Do Our Impact Annual Conference Legislative Advocacy Religious Outreach and Advocacy Victims Outreach Get Informed The Latest News from TCADP Texas Death Penalty Facts Death Penalty at the County Level Wrongful Execution Wrongful Convictions Press Room Reports Films, Books, Podcasts & Other Resources Get Involved Get Involved Contact Lawmakers Stop Executions Attend Events DonateReportsTCADP Year-End ReportsRead our new report: Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2022: The Year in Review. Released December 16, 2022.Every December, TCADP releases an annual report to inform the public and elected officials about issues associated with the death penalty over the past year. Texas Death Penalty Developments: The Year in Review presents information on capital cases, recent trends, and issues impacting the administration of justice in Texas. Visit our Press Room to read the press releases associated with each report.Previous year-end reports:2021 Annual Report2020 Annual Report2019 Annual Report2018 Annual Report2017 Annual Report, Infographic2016 Annual Report, Infographic2015 Annual Report2014 Annual Report2013 Annual Report2012 Annual Report2011 Annual Report2010 Annual Report2009 Annual Report2008 Annual Report2007 Annual ReportOther TCADP Reports200th Execution Organizing PacketImages of Injustice, 2006 TwitterFaceBookInstagramAmazon SmileContact us atTexas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP)P.O.Box 82212Austin, Texas 78708-2212512-552-5948info@tcadp.orgTCADP is a 501(c)(3) organization; our Federal EIN is 76-0618574.Search CategorySearch CategorySearch by TextSearch for:Recent Posts State of Texas executes Robert Fratta TCADP January 2023 Newsletter: A daunting execution schedule Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2022: The Year in Review TCADP December 2022 Newsletter: The gift of justice State of Texas executes Stephen Barbee State of Texas executes Tracy Beatty TCADP November 2022 Newsletter: Announcing our 2023 Keynote Speaker State of Texas executes John Ramirez© 2023 TCADPTo the top ↑ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/TCADP-Report-Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2022.pdf ) [344] => Array ( [objectID] => 20845 [title] => 73rd Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/73rd-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-of-human-and-peoples-rights-in-person-advocating-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ACHPR-73rd-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => After nearly 3 years, the ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met in-person in Banjul, The Gambia to hold their 73rd Ordinary Session from 21st October – 10th November 2022. [texte] => After nearly 3 years, the ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met in-person in Banjul, The Gambia to hold their 73rd Ordinary Session from 21st October – 10th November 2022. (more…) "73rd Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [345] => Array ( [objectID] => 20806 [title] => The 8th World Congress reaffirms the importance of gender-based discussions [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/8th-world-congress-and-gender-based-discussions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty highlighted the intersectional discrimination that women face in the judicial process leading to the death penalty, making visible one facet of the links between the death penalty and gender discrimination. [texte] => The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty highlighted the intersectional discrimination that women face in the judicial process leading to the death penalty, making visible one facet of the links between the death penalty and gender discrimination. (more…) "The 8th World Congress reaffirms the importance of gender-based discussions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [346] => Array ( [objectID] => 20989 [title] => United Nations General Assembly – Resolutions of the 77th Session [timestamp] => 1671062400 [date] => 15/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-nations-general-assembly-resolutions-of-the-77th-session/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provided by the United Nations General Assembly presents the resolutions of the 77th session. It includes reports on the moratorium on the use of the death penalty (A/77/463/Add.2 DR XII) which was adopted on the 15th of December 2022 with a vote (125-37-22) (A/77/PV.54) under item 68(b). Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations, it reaffirms the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child and recalls the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2022[on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/463/Add.2, para. 87)]77/222. Moratorium on the use of the death penaltyThe General Assembly,Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations,Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights2 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child,3Recalling the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,4 and in this regard welcoming the increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the Second Optional Protocol,Recalling also its resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168 of 18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012, 69/186 of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December 2018 and 75/183 of 16 December 2020 on the question of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in which the General Assembly called upon States that still maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing it,Recalling further all relevant decisions and resolutions of the Human Rights Council, the most recent of which was resolution 48/9 of 8 October 2021,51 Resolution 217 A (III).2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.4 Ibid., vol. 1642, No. 14668.5 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?OpenAgent&DS=A/RES/77/222&Lang=E ) [347] => Array ( [objectID] => 20800 [title] => Death Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021) [timestamp] => 1670457600 [date] => 08/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-the-indian-supreme-court-2007-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021) maps the important trends and developments in the Supreme Court’s death penalty jurisprudence. These past 15 years have witnessed significant developments in the law on capital sentencing, post-mercy jurisprudence, and other procedural developments pertaining to the administration of the death penalty. Imagined as an intellectual successor of PUCL and Amnesty International’s doctrinal study of the Supreme Court’s death penalty cases between 1950 to 2006, in ‘Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India’, this report highlights the sustained inconsistency and judge-centric reasoning in capital cases, with particular emphasis on the problem of arbitrariness in approaches to capital sentencing at the Supreme Court. [texte] => Project 39AAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39AProject 39A TeamFair Trial Fellowship TeamOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureP39A BlogPublications ResourcesOnline CoursesForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureVideos and PodcastsMediaNewsVideosOp-edsEvents Work With UsInternshipCareerContactDeath Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021)Death Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021) maps the important trends and developments in the Supreme Court’s death penalty jurisprudence. These past 15 years have witnessed significant developments in the law on capital sentencing, post-mercy jurisprudence, and other procedural developments pertaining to the administration of the death penalty. Imagined as an intellectual successor of PUCL and Amnesty International’s doctrinal study of the Supreme Court’s death penalty cases between 1950 to 2006, in ‘Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India’, this report highlights the sustained inconsistency and judge-centric reasoning in capital cases, with particular emphasis on the problem of arbitrariness in approaches to capital sentencing at the Supreme Court. This data report highlights the extent of qualitative variations in approaches to capital sentencing, and significant principled divergence in reasoning in commutation and confirmation decisions. In confirmation cases, there is a tendency to emphasise circumstances pertaining to the brutality of the offence, without effective engagement with offender-related circumstances. Even commutation decisions reveal a lack of clarity about the normative content and the impact of different sentencing factors on the moral culpability and probability of reform of the accused. The absence of normative coherence and procedural clarity, in the Supreme Court’s capital sentencing jurisprudence, has resulted in sustained arbitrariness and judge-centric reasoning in the imposition of the death penalty. This data report confirms that the confusion in capital sentencing at the trial court is reflected in the Supreme Court as well. Further, this report suggests that inconsistencies at the Supreme Court trickle down and permeate capital sentencing in trial courts, contributing to the poorly reasoned and consistently high number of death sentences. This can be attributed to the highest court’s inability to adequately resolve doctrinal deviations from the Bachan Singh (1980) framework, and provide normative and procedural clarity for principled sentencing.THE REPORT CAN BE ACCESSED HERE.Contact Address: Project 39ANational Law University, Delhi.Sector 14, Dwarka,New Delhi - 110078Phone: +91 11 2803 2533Fax: +91 11 2803 6432Email: p39a@nludelhi.ac.inAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39ABoard of AdvisorsP39A TeamFTF TeamOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTorturePublicationsCrime, Punishment And Justice In India: The Trajectories Of Criminal LawDeath Penalty Sentencing in Trial CourtsAnnual StatisticsMatters of JudgmentDeath Penalty India ReportResourcesForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureVideos and PodcastsMediaNewsVideoOP-EDSEventsWork With UsInternshipCareer [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/death-penalty-and-the-indian-supreme-court ) [348] => Array ( [objectID] => 20799 [title] => Closing the Slaughterhouse [timestamp] => 1670457600 [date] => 08/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/closing-the-slaughterhouse/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On July 1, 2021, Virginia ended a 413-year tradition by abolishing the death penalty.Many of those convicted from 1608 to 2017 deserved harsh punishment - but Virginia took harsh to a whole new level with its "finality over fairness" philosophy. Four hundred years of her racist, mob-driven capital punishment system ensnared many innocent and undeserving victims under the toxic guises of protecting white citizens or being “tough on crime.” So many of those killed by the state died with their guilt or innocence lost to history.Virginia leads the nation with 1,390 executions. After a 1976 Supreme Court decision, Virginia institutionalized and streamlined the parade to the death chamber more efficiently than any other state, executing between 1976 and 2017 a breathtaking 73 percent of all who received death sentences. The national average is 16 percent. [texte] => HOME ME & MY STORIES CLOSING THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE RAILROADED 1950s KODACHROME REQUIRED READING CLICK FOR MOREFinal cover for marketing_page-0001.jpgClosing the SlaughterhouseThe Inside Story of Death Penalty Abolition in VirginiaOn July 1, 2021, Virginia ended a 413-year tradition by abolishing the death penalty.Many of those convicted from 1608 to 2017 deserved harsh punishment - but Virginia took harsh to a whole new level with its "finality over fairness" philosophy. Four hundred years of her racist, mob-driven capital punishment system ensnared many innocent and undeserving victims under the toxic guises of protecting white citizens or being “tough on crime.” So many of those killed by the state died with their guilt or innocence lost to history.Virginia leads the nation with 1,390 executions. After a 1976 Supreme Court decision, Virginia institutionalized and streamlined the parade to the death chamber more efficiently than any other state, executing between 1976 and 2017 a breathtaking 73 percent of all who received death sentences. The national average is 16 percent.By 1999, in a bizarre quest to accelerate the killing even more, Virginia whittled the death row appeals process down to less than five years, when the national average was almost ten years. The Virginia Supreme Court and the Federal 4th Circuit Court of Appeals worked in tandem to uphold capital sentences passed in the lower courts.Only Blacks were executed for non-homicide crimes. Virginia also executed more women (94) and more enslaved people than any other state (about 736, or 87 percent of all enslaved people executed nationally). Virginia also executed at least 16 juveniles whose ages were verified between 11 and 17.Death was the Virginia way. Now, thanks to five decades of diligent work by dozens of abolitionists, advocates, capital defense attorneys, faith leaders, and more, it’s over.Combining almost 50 interviews and hundreds of sources, Closing the Slaughterhouse is the true, inside story of death penalty abolition in Virginia.The introduction of Closing the Slaughterhouse was written by Sister Helen Prejean, author of Dead Man Walking and The Voice of Innocents.Now available worldwide. Order from Amazon & affiliated sellers or Barnes & NobleMedia Inquiries? Want to know more? Reach Dale at dalebrumfield@protonmail.comPublished by Abolition Press, an imprint of Ingram/Lightningsparkcover by Doug Dobey at Dobey Design.© 2022 Dale Brumfield and HJH Media [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.dalebrumfield.net/closing-the-slaughterhouse ) [349] => Array ( [objectID] => 20797 [title] => Foreign Nationals on Death Row [timestamp] => 1670457600 [date] => 08/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/foreign-nationals-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The University of Oxford Death Penalty Research Unit, led by Professor Carolyn Hoyle, along with a network of human rights NGOs, including The Death Penalty Project, Eleos Justice, Harm Reduction International, Justice Project Pakistan, Project 39a, and ADPAN, have cooperated on a mapping project of foreign nationals at risk of capital punishment in Asia and the Middle East, initially funded by the ESRC.These regions have a disproportionate number of migrants and others without citizenship detained for capital offences, including those convicted for drug crimes. Building on research, knowledge and expertise within the network, this collaborative database aims to collate and make available information on foreign nationals executed or under sentence of death. [texte] => Mapping Death RowMapping Death RowForeign Nationalson Death RowAssisting civil society in efforts to support foreign nationals sentenced to death in Asia and the Middle EastThe ProjectThe University of Oxford Death Penalty Research Unit, led by Professor Carolyn Hoyle, along with a network of human rights NGOs, including The Death Penalty Project, Eleos Justice, Harm Reduction International, Justice Project Pakistan, Project 39a, and ADPAN, have cooperated on a mapping project of foreign nationals at risk of capital punishment in Asia and the Middle East, initially funded by the ESRC.These regions have a disproportionate number of migrants and others without citizenship detained for capital offences, including those convicted for drug crimes. Building on research, knowledge and expertise within the network, this collaborative database aims to collate and make available information on foreign nationals executed or under sentence of death.In collaboration with HURIDOCS, the Foreign Nationals Death Penalty Research Network have developed an interactive database on foreign nationals at risk of the death penalty that will record socio-demographic, jurisdictional and offence-related data as well as producing Country Reports and Case Studies from each retentionist country in these regions. This database is made freely available to subscribers such as lawyers, activists, academics and civil society organisations to enable them to better assist foreign nationals on death row through activism, advocacy or litigation. To request a free subscription, please Click here.We seek further funding to ensure that this important work can be developed across the African continent and in the Caribbean. We also hope to expand the research to map other populations at risk of the death penalty, including women. Those with data to contribute, or with information to update our current cases, are encouraged to contact us to further develop the database. It is our hope that this will prove a valuable resource to civil society, providing them with important tools to effect change for this vulnerable population.Cases MapIn order to protect the identities of those on death row, the full dataset of cases is only available to subscribers. To request a free subscription, please click here.cases-mapPartnersFunded by uwazi Mapping Death Row Library Login0 selected [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://foreign-nationals.uwazi.io/ ) [350] => Array ( [objectID] => 20769 [title] => Calling on international bodies to condemn drug executions in Saudi Arabia and seek to stop them [timestamp] => 1669852800 [date] => 01/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-on-international-bodies-to-condemn-drug-executions-in-saudi-arabia-and-seek-to-stop-them/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/signal-2022-11-28-181618_002-500x166.jpeg [extrait] => The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights and Harm Reduction International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with 32 other NGOs have called on the International Narcotics Control Board and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to act on urgent measures in response to the series of drug-related executions carried […] [texte] => The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights and Harm Reduction International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with 32 other NGOs have called on the International Narcotics Control Board and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to act on urgent measures in response to the series of drug-related executions carried out by the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia since November 10, 2022. (more…) "Calling on international bodies to condemn drug executions in Saudi Arabia and seek to stop them" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [351] => Array ( [objectID] => 20751 [title] => Reflecting on the links between the death penalty and gender-based violence [timestamp] => 1669334400 [date] => 25/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/reflecting-on-the-links-between-the-death-penalty-and-gender-based-violence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ending_violence_against_women_2022-500x185.jpg [extrait] => On 25 November 2022, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, through the testimony of representatives of abolitionist member and partner organizations, wishes to raise awareness of the links between the death penalty and violence against women and gender minorities and call out the unjust and […] [texte] => On 25 November 2022, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, through the testimony of representatives of abolitionist member and partner organizations, wishes to raise awareness of the links between the death penalty and violence against women and gender minorities and call out the unjust and inhumane nature of the death penalty.On the occasion of the 8th World Congress against the Death Penalty held in Berlin from 15 to 18 November 2022, we spoke with Connie Numbi of the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI Uganda), Elsy Sainna of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya Section) and Nandana Manatunga of the Human Rights Office of Kandy (Sri Lanka) to reflect on the links between gender-based violence and the death penalty based on their experiences.The result is clear: although the subject of women and gender minorities sentenced to death has long been invisibilized, today, due to a extensive research, we can affirm that gender-based violence is a constitutive element of the profiles of women sentenced to death and of the circumstances leading to the crimes, particularly in the context of the murder of family members attributed to gender-based violence. Moreover, gender-based violence is also widely found on death row once the sentence is passed.Women who have experienced gender-based violence are over-represented in the profiles of women sentenced to death, especially for murderElsy Sainna from ICJ Kenya explains that in Kenya, where approximately 22 women are currently on death row (data from Kenya prisons), a large proportion have been convicted for the crime of murder in a context of gender-based violence. Elsy mentions the case of many women, most of them victims of domestic violence, facing intimate partner violence who tend to commit murder in the process of self-defense. Connie Numbi from FHRI makes the same observation. As of November 2022, 3 women are currently on death row in Uganda, their stories and that of all those who have been on death row also reveal this intrinsic link. The case of Kenya and Uganda illustrates a broader global trend in the motives for crimes committed by women sentenced to death. As research from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide highlights, the primary motive for women's death sentences is the crime of murder, often linked to gender-based violence. Connie mentions for example the case of a woman who was sentenced to death for killing her husband who had sexually assaulted her because she refused to have sex with him. This woman remained silent for more than 15 years, never revealing any information about the context of self-defense of the crime she committed. When asked why she did not speak out, she replied that "when a woman commits a crime like this, you are called a liar. If I had spoken out, it would have backfired, so I stayed silent”. The case of this woman highlights gender bias that women face when they are sentenced to death for not fitting the gender stereotypes. Here, perceived as a "bad woman", "a violent woman", for killing her husband, her story was not audible.As Elsy and Connie remind us, most of the time, courts do not routinely consider abuse, gender-based violence, and trauma as mitigating factors in sentencing. The 2018 report from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, for example, highlights the failure of some courts to consider these issues, even when lawyers gather such evidence during the hearing. Despite this, some progress can be noted in the consideration of gender-based violence as a factor in the mitigation of sentences. Elsy thus refers to the case of State v Truphena Ndonga Aswani [2021], where on appeal, the domestic violence history of the woman sentenced to death for the murder of her abusive husband was taken into account and contributed to the reduction of her sentence. The court sentenced her to serve a non-custodial sentence of one day imprisonment. This decision was lauded as it considered the physiological and emotional status of the accused that led to the commission of the offense. This is an isolated case however it portrays the importance of considering mitigating circumstances by judicial officers before passing a sentence.In prisons, the specific needs of women and gender minorities are not taken into account and they are still too often exposed to gender-based violenceThe link between gender-based violence and the death penalty does not end at trial, but continues once the sentence is passed on death row.Nandana Manatunga explains for example that in Sri Lanka, where, according to the Human Rights Office in Kandy, 12 women are on death row, the prison staff is gender mixed. This situation exposes women on death row to ongoing risks of gender-based violence. It tells the case of women exposed to sexist and sexual violence perpetrated by male prison staff: abusive searches, physical and psychological violence, rapes etc. In addition, Nandana highlights the inhumane conditions of detention. Women prisoners live in tiny cells, are given very thin mats to sleep on, have no access to hygiene products or any kind of occupation, temperatures in unventilated rooms reach dangerously high levels, visits are limited to one per year, etc.Then, it seems important to remember that sexual and gender minorities sentenced to death are particularly vulnerable to the violation of their rights in prisons where they are exposed to abusive searches, abusive isolation, arbitrary sanctions, etc.Solutions for addressing the intersectional discrimination faced by women and gender minorities sentenced to deathTo address the intersectional discrimination faced by people sentenced to death, especially women and sexual and gender minorities, Connie and Elsy emphasize the importance of providing training to judicial actors, including lawyers, judges, and police, on how to address gender-based violence and intersectional discrimination. We can also mention the need for states to adopt gender-sensitive policies, aligning with the Bangkok and Mandela Rules, regarding the detention of women, in order to guarantee their safety and security before trial, during their admission to prison and during their imprisonment.Connie also highlights the key role of the media: "Once you tell their stories, people listen to their voices,". Through the stories of women on death row, there is a real opportunity to change the public opinion about the unjust and inhumane nature of the use of the death penalty.Finally, the work of civil society organizations is needed at all levels to ensure that these issues are systematically taken into account in the abolitionist struggle. In Berlin, the Gender Working Group of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, which brings together member organizations with an interest and/or expertise in gender and whose objective is to support the consideration of these issues in the abolitionist movement, met for the first time. As Elsy reminds us, this working group is a decisive step for the abolitionist struggle and promises concrete progress in the years to come. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya [1] => Sri Lanka [2] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [352] => Array ( [objectID] => 20867 [title] => ICDP Launches How States abolish the Death Penalty: A Supplement of Case-Studies [timestamp] => 1668643200 [date] => 17/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/icdp-launches-how-states-abolish-the-death-penalty-a-supplement-of-case-studies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An increasing number of countries have recognized that state killing undermines human dignity and respect for human rights, such as the discriminatory use of the death penalty, the use of forced confession that increases the possibility of executing an innocent person, and the lack of deterrence effect of capital punishment. This move towards abolition of the death penalty is being witnessed in all regions of the world regardless of political system, religion, culture or tradition. As of today, at least 110 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while at least eight countries have abolished for ordinary crimes, while less than 20 countries have reportedlycarried out executions in 2021.This publication is a supplement to the ICDP´s 2018 work on “How States Abolish the Death Penalty: 29 Case Studies.” [texte] => HOW STATES ABOLISHTHE DEATH PENALTY:A SUPPLEMENT OFCASE-STUDIESHOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY5TABLE OF CONTENTGlossary ...................................................................................................................................................... 7Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9Review of selected countries ................................................................................................................ 11Angola .................................................................................................................................................... 11Belgium .................................................................................................................................................. 12Bosnia and Herzegovina .................................................................................................................... 13Burundi ................................................................................................................................................... 14Canada ................................................................................................................................................... 14Central African Republic .................................................................................................................... 16Chad ....................................................................................................................................................... 16Congo, Republic of the ....................................................................................................................... 17Croatia ................................................................................................................................................... 18Dominican Republic ............................................................................................................................. 19Gabon ..................................................................................................................................................... 20Kazakhstan ........................................................................................................................................... 21Norway ................................................................................................................................................... 22Papúa New Guinea .............................................................................................................................. 23Sao Tomé and Principe ....................................................................................................................... 24Sierra Leone .......................................................................................................................................... 24Switzerland ........................................................................................................................................... 25United Kingdom ................................................................................................................................... 26United States ....................................................................................................................................... 27New Hampshire ............................................................................................................................. 27Colorado .......................................................................................................................................... 28Virginia ............................................................................................................................................. 29Lessons learnt fron the experiencies of states in abolishing the de th penalty .................... 31HOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY7GLOSSARYABBREVIATIONSASEAN: Association of Southeast AsianNationsAU: African Union CSO Civil SocietyOrganizationECHR: European Court of Human RightsECOWAS: Economic Community of WestAfrican StatesEU: European UnionHRC: Human Rights CommitteeICCPR: International Covenant on Civiland Political RightsICDP: International Commission againstthe Death PenaltyICTR: International Criminal Tribunalfor RwandaNGO: Non-Governmental OrganizationUN: United NationsUNHRC: UN Human Rights CouncilUNGA: United Nations General AssemblyUPR: Universal Periodic ReviewTERMSAbolitionist for all crimes: a state whoselaws do not provide for the death penalty forany crime.Abolitionist for ordinary crimes: a statewhose laws provide for the death penaltyonly for exceptional crimes, such as crimesunder military law or during war.Abolitionist de facto: a state that retainsthe death penalty in law but has not carriedout executions during the past 10 years andmore.Retentionist: a state that retains the deathpenalty in law for ordinary crimes at all times,including in times of peace.UNGA moratorium resolution: UNGA ResolutionA/RES/62/149 adopted on 18 December2007 calling for a universal moratorium onexecutions, followed by subsequent biennialvotes since 2008.Official moratorium on executions: a publiccommitment made by the highest politicalauthorities officially suspending the implementationof death sentences.HOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY9INTRODUCTIONThis publication is a supplement to the ICDP´s 2018 work on “How States Abolish the Death Penalty:29 Case Studies.” This supplement briefly describes the experiences of 19 countries, includingthe USA. As the death penalty is largely a state issue, the supplement highlights three USStates on their routes towards abolition of the death penalty. As these case-studies show, thereare many different ways in which states choose to abolish the death penalty.An increasing number of countries have recognized that state killing undermines human dignityand respect for human rights, such as the discriminatory use of the death penalty, the use of forcedconfession that increases the possibility of executing an innocent person, and the lack of deterrenceeffect of capital punishment. This move towards abolition of the death penalty is beingwitnessed in all regions of the world regardless of political system, religion, culture or tradition.As of today, at least 110 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while at leasteight countries have abolished for ordinary crimes, while less than 20 countries have reportedlycarried out executions in 2021.There are challenges. The world’s most populated countries - China, India, United States and Indonesia- are not among those abolitionist countries. More than half of the world’s population livein States that still retain the death penalty and where their citizens and residents are not guaranteedthe right to life, as prescribed in Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Moreover, there have been attempts to reverse abolition of the death penalty in some Statesthat have ended capital punishment.This publication highlights the different ways adopted by States in achieving abolition of the deathpenalty, all of which were also mentioned in the 2018 publication. We have highlighted someof these routes which is summarized in the last section:• The route of international commitment toward abolition of the death penalty• Constitutional amendments• The role of the National Assembly/Parliament• The importance of activists• Establishing a moratorium on executions• Reducing the scope of the death penalty• Political leadership11HOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTYANGOLAAngola has been abolitionist for all crimessince 1992 through a constitutional reformand explicitly prohibited the deathpenalty in 2010 with its new Constitution.The last executions were carried out in1977 by firing squad after a coup attempt.When Angola gained independencein 1975, there was apower vacuum in the country.Several forces sought togain control of government, including the PopularMovement for the Liberation of Angola(MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation ofAngola (FNLA), and the National Union for theTotal Independence of Angola (UNITA).The MPLA gained control of the capital, Luanda,and later declared itself as the governmentof independent Angola, but conflict continuedfor control of the country, which had animpact in the situation of the death penaltyin the country. The executions of 14 peoplewere carried out in 1975, a time when severalpolitical trials also took place against suspectedUNITA militants or sympathizers accusedof espionage, armed rebellion, or treason. TheREWIEW OF SELECTCOUNTRIESpeople executed were from among 30 persons,who were sentenced to face the deathpenalty for participating in UNITA activities.Furthermore, MPLA forces captured 13 personsfighting for the FNLA in February 1976who were charged of aiming to overthrow thegovernment and a trial began in June in whatbecame known as the Luanda Trial. During thetrial, the defendants were sentenced to deathby firing squad or given long prison terms. Theauthorities carried out the executions of someof those sentenced to death. The last executionswere carried out in 1977 after a failedcoup attempt. Three more individuals weresentenced to death for espionage, but theirsentences were commuted by then PresidentJosé Eduardo dos Santos.In 1987, Felix Mateus Murgar was sentencedto death for murder by the Lobito Magistrate’sCourt, the first known death sentence issuedby a magistrate court. His sentence wascommuted to 22 years imprisonment in 1988by the Tribunal da Relaçao following growinginternational concern towards the use of thedeath penalty. However, the RevolutionaryPeople’s Court continued to hand down deathsentences and a total of seven people weresentenced to face the death penalty in thatsame year. Although there were no know [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/HOW-STATES-ABOLISH-THE-DEATH-PENALTY_A-SUPPLEMENT-OF-CASE-STUDIES.pdf ) [353] => Array ( [objectID] => 20732 [title] => Publication of a New Guide on Working with National Human Rights Institutions to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1668643200 [date] => 17/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/publication-of-a-new-guide-on-working-with-national-human-rights-institutions-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Photo_article-INDH-500x285.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has published a new how-to guide, in collaboration with Mr. Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi, President of the Beninese Commission on Human Rights. It is aimed for civil society organizations and illustrates how to collaborate with National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) to achieve the abolition of the death penalty. In […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has published a new how-to guide, in collaboration with Mr. Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi, President of the Beninese Commission on Human Rights. It is aimed for civil society organizations and illustrates how to collaborate with National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) to achieve the abolition of the death penalty.In 2018, a poll of the World Coalition membership identified areas of capacity building, particularly in relation to advocating with allies for the abolitionist cause. Amongst these powerful, and uniquely placed allies, are NHRIs.As human rights bodies in their countries, structured by the United Nation’s Paris Principles, NHRIs are natural allies in the fight to abolish the death penalty, occupying a legitimate space to contribute to the implementation of human rights.This guide can be considered as a companion to the Practical Guide for NHRIs published by World Coalition member Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) in 2020. Together, these two tools- one for NHRIs and one for CSOs- work jointly to provide extensive advocacy opportunities to end the death penalty.We sat down with Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi to talk about the guide:Why did you agree to writing this guide with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty?Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi (ICCC): The World Coalition is doing truly important work advocating for the permanent abolition of this infamous penalty around the world. Abolishing capital punishment is a constant struggle for the right to life, the first right without which all other rights cannot exist.I agreed to write this guide for NGOs to recognize the work of the coalition and especially to share good practices with all women and men, leaders of NGOs engaged in this fight for life. My previous experiences as an NGO leader, as an expert member of the working group on the death penalty of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), and my current experiences as President of the NHRI in my country, encouraged me without hesitation to commit to this project alongside the World Coalition.In your opinion why is it important for NGOs to work with NHRIs for the abolition of the death penalty?ICCC: NHRIs are national mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights. These institutions have a double mission of advice and control to the States that have established them.For an NGO working with an NHRI, it is to rally to its advocacy a bridge of interactive and permanent dialogue with the States.How do NHRIs differ from other abolitionist allies?NHRIs are not NGOs but NGOs are generally strongly represented in NHRIs and therefore understand the advocacy of NGOs and can become a major ally in bringing non-abolitionist States to commit to the path of abolition for the respect of life and human dignity.[NHRIs] are also an institution set up by the States freely and without constraint, and therefore have a priori the attention of the governments. The role of NHRIs in democratic governance is unique.Published both in French and in English on 17 November 2022, on the occasion of the round table dedicated to NHRIs at the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, ‘How to Work with NHRIs for the Abolition of the Death Penalty’ is in the World Coalition’s digital library and attached to this article. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [354] => Array ( [objectID] => 20713 [title] => How to Work with National Human Rights Institutions to Abolish the Death Penalty – A Practical Guide [timestamp] => 1668643200 [date] => 17/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-national-human-rights-institutions-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-a-practical-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) role as influential human rights actors is paramount, and as such their contributions to abolition of the death penalty should not be underestimated when developing an anti-death penalty strategy. Expertly written by the President of the of the Beninese Commission on Human Rights, this guide’s content has been bolstered by examples and advice coming from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the field. Working with NHRIs can seem like a daunting task, especially for civil society organizations that do not have previous experience working with them. As such, this guide has been specifically designed for abolitionist civil society groups around the world, both beginners and advanced activists, with a focus on the African continent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/EN_WCADP_NHRIguide-2022.pdf ) [355] => Array ( [objectID] => 20798 [title] => Carrying out executions took a secret toll on workers — then changed their politics [timestamp] => 1668556800 [date] => 16/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/carrying-out-executions-took-a-secret-toll-on-workers-then-changed-their-politics/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Most of the workers NPR interviewed reported suffering serious mental and physical repercussions. But only one person said they received any psychological support from the government to help them cope. The experience was enough to shift many of their perspectives on capital punishment. No one who NPR spoke with whose work required them to witness executions in Virginia, Nevada, Florida, California, Ohio, South Carolina, Arizona, Nebraska, Texas, Alabama, Oregon, South Dakota or Indiana expressed support for the death penalty afterward, NPR found. [texte] => Accessibility links Skip to main content Keyboard shortcuts for audio player NPR logo Sign In NPR Shop Donate News Culture Music Podcasts & Shows SearchInvestigationsCarrying out executions took a secret toll on workers — then changed their politicsNovember 16, 20224:01 PM ETHeard on All Things ConsideredChiara EisnerChiara Eisner12-Minute Listen Download TranscriptClockwise from upper left: Holly Sox, Catarino Escobar, Frank Thompson, Bill Breeden, Craig Baxley and Ron McAndrew have all been affected by work related to executions.Sean Rayford, Emily Najera, Celeste Noche, Scott Langley and Octavio Jones for NPRPretending to die isn't typically part of a correctional officer's job. But when the court issues a death warrant, there's often a team that has to rehearse the execution of the prisoner. In Nevada, one of the people they practiced on was officer Catarino Escobar.Escobar wasn't nervous when his colleagues handcuffed him and escorted him out of the holding cell. But then the officers took him into the gas chamber. About the size of a bathroom stall, the room is framed with large bay windows so people can watch from outside as prisoners take their last breaths. It was inside that space that something strange started to happen to him.As the officers strapped Escobar down to the gurney, his vision narrowed. He yearned for his mother, then his brother. Escobar wanted his family with him, he said, because for what felt like 20 minutes, he was absolutely certain his life was over."I wasn't acting or playing," said Escobar. "I believed that I was being executed."During the past 50 years, more than 1,550 death sentences have been carried out across the U.S. Hundreds of people like Escobar played a role in each of those executions, and again, hundreds of others are getting to work. Five states scheduled seven executions over the last two months of 2022 alone.Sign Up For the NPR Daily NewsletterCatch up on the latest headlines and unique NPR stories, sent every weekday.E-mail addressBy subscribing, you agree to NPR's terms of use and privacy policy. NPR may share your name and email address with your NPR station. See Details. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.There are legal restrictions to revealing the identities of many of the workers while they're employed, and a culture of secrecy tends to keep them quiet long after they leave their posts. But NPR's investigations team spoke with 26 current and former workers who were collectively involved with more than 200 executions across 17 states and the federal death chamber. They were executioners, lawyers, correctional officers, prison spokespeople, wardens, corrections leaders, a researcher, a doctor, an engineer, a journalist and a nurse. Many are sharing their names and stories publicly for the first time."Nobody talked about it," said Escobar, who has never even told his family about what he did in the death chamber. "We all knew to keep it silent."The answers the workers gave about how their jobs affected them weren't all the same — and neither were their circumstances. A few said they volunteered for the task and that it didn't bother them much. Many more of the people NPR spoke with had little choice in their involvement. Execution work was often a required part of their jobs, and it took a toll.Most of the workers NPR interviewed reported suffering serious mental and physical repercussions. But only one person said they received any psychological support from the government to help them cope. The experience was enough to shift many of their perspectives on capital punishment. No one who NPR spoke with whose work required them to witness executions in Virginia, Nevada, Florida, California, Ohio, South Carolina, Arizona, Nebraska, Texas, Alabama, Oregon, South Dakota or Indiana expressed support for the death penalty afterward, NPR found.It wasn't always because the workers felt the process was unfair to the prisoner. It was often because they realized it was too hard on them."There was more than one casualty," said Perrin Damon, a spokeswoman who helped coordinate two executions for the Oregon Department of Corrections. "More people are involved than anyone understands."White sheets remain on the lethal injection gurney that Catarino Escobar was strapped down to at Nevada State Prison, a former penitentiary in Carson City, Nev.Emily Najera for NPROut of sight, not mindTen of the people NPR interviewed never saw prisoners die in the chamber. Some didn't work behind bars at all. They were still closely involved with capital punishment.As a public defender who advocates for people charged with murder in Florida, Allison Miller is constantly thinking about the death penalty. It looms over her and her clients as their worst case scenario. When that scenario came true last year for a man named Markeith Loyd, Miller couldn't stop blaming herself. To this day, she can't forget how her toddler wished her luck before she left home to speak with his jury."She said, 'I hope you save Mr. Markeith,'" Miller recalled, her voice breaking. "And then I just remember thinking, I didn't. I failed him. I failed her. I failed in this godly task that I was given."Loyd probably won't be executed anytime soon. He was sentenced to death in March, and it typically takes people around 20 years to exhaust all their appeals and face the death chamber. But Miller is already seeing her own consequences. She recounted a range of symptoms that she attributes to trying cases like Loyd's: hair loss, insomnia, irritability, anxiety and dissociation from the world around her."I cannot underscore what it feels like to stand there and ask 12 people to not kill somebody," Miller said. "It broke me a lot."Laura Briggs' job started further down the execution timeline. As a law clerk on a federal death penalty case, she had to monitor documents filed just weeks before a man was scheduled to die in Indiana. If evidence had been submitted that could have paused the process, it was her job to tell the prison in time to save his life.During the last few days before the execution, Briggs didn't do anything that could distract her. She barely slept. She rarely ate. She didn't devote a single thought to anything but worrying that she was going to miss something, she said."It was just beyond acute anxiety," Briggs remembered. "It felt like being suspended in burning oil."The anxiety was so extreme that she sensed her blood pressure rising and heard a constant, high pitched noise in her head. Before doing the work, Briggs didn't have a strong opinion about capital punishment. Now, she's firmly against it."It creates a situation where someone innocent could be executed," Briggs said. "There's no chance for peace with that."Behind bars — macabre meetings and revelationsInside the prison, workers experienced a different set of stressors as they got ready for execution day."People think that it would be so easy to go up and execute someone who had committed such heinous acts," said Jeanne Woodford, a warden who oversaw four executions in California's San Quentin State Prison. "But the truth is, killing a human being is hard. It should be hard."Woodford had to speak with the person slated to die, then talk with his family to receive instructions for what to later do with his body. Afterward, she had to speak with the other family involved, too — the family of the victim."You just don't know what to say to people who are in so much pain," Woodford said. "And no one is sensitive to the fact that you as the warden are sitting there thinking, in 30 days, I'm going to have to go in and give the order to carry out an execution of a human being."With that on her mind, Woodford still had to brief security personnel to prepare for protests, select officers to carry out the execution and process permissions for outsiders who wanted to attend. Then, at around midnight on the date of the execution, she gave the signal for the executioner to go ahead.Woodford felt the effect inside her brain. She tried to be present with her family and rarely missed her children's sports games. But the memories of what she had done kept her distant and caused persistent insomnia."You're there, but you're not really there," she said. "You realize that you're suffering from post-traumatic stress."Farther north, in Oregon, Corrections Superintendent Frank Thompson watched staff suffer similar consequences as the state prepared to carry out its first two executions in more than 30 years.Shortly after the U.S. Supreme Court banned the death penalty across the country in 1972, the court changed its mind. In 1976, it decided to leave it up to the states to decide whether and when they'd bring capital punishment back. Some states never did. Others, like Oregon, waited decades to do it. That meant many workers who started their jobs in prison when executions were off the table suddenly found themselves required to perform tasks they never expected.It also meant employees in Oregon had to make much of what they needed to execute someone from scratch. They sourced the cart the gurney rolled on from a hospital and the arm and leg straps they attached to it from another state. Then they tried to anticipate every edge case of what could go wrong. Damon, the spokeswoman, said she even flew above the prison in a plane to spot security vulnerabilities from a bird's eye view.The pressure of trying to ensure there would be no mistakes despite the staff's inexperience affected the psyches of everyone involved, Thompson remembered. Those at the highest levels of power — like the governor, who later issued a moratorium forbidding more executions during his term — were not exempt."We had to get the 'OK' directly from him before I gave the instruction to proceed with the execution, so he's very much a part of it," the superintendent said. "All of us had negative results."L [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.npr.org/2022/11/16/1136796857/death-penalty-executions-prison ) [356] => Array ( [objectID] => 21529 [title] => Wrongful Convictions and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wrongful-convictions-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One of the most compelling forces behind the evolution of international attitudes towards capital punishment in recent decades has been the increasing recognition of the potential for error in its use – that those states that choose to retain the practice may be taking the lives of innocent individuals. The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on wrongful convictions and the death penalty. [texte] => WRONGFULCONVICTIONSAND THE DEATHPENALTYThe DeathPenalty ProjectAn inevitable fallibilityWhile the risk of executing theinnocent is a critical concern, it isevident that procedural reforms arenot sufficient to resolve the myriad ofproblems arising from the use of thedeath penalty. No system yet developed,no matter how sophisticated, has beenable to overcome the inherent presenceof arbitrariness, with the mostvulnerable and disadvantaged insociety subject to the greatestrisk of execution, andthe significant risks ofwrongful conviction.Furthermore, even if a system couldbe developed which removed the riskof wrongful conviction and arbitrarinessobserved across all existing systems ofcapital punishment, this wouldnot resolve the matters of principleweighing against its use. Its impositionis ultimately incompatible with thehuman dignity of each individual –even those who have committed themost serious offences.Analysis of the issue of wrongfulconvictions is nonetheless highlyinstructive in understanding thefunctioning of the criminal justicesystems of retentionist states andthe particular factors which cancontribute towards the risk of injusticein the administration of the deathpenalty, even where safeguards arein place.One of the most compelling forces behind the evolution of international attitudestowards capital punishment in recent decades has been the increasing recognition ofthe potential for error in its use – that those states that choose to retain the practicemay be taking the lives of innocent individuals.The high-profile release of prisoners from death row has sparked public debates ina number of states in recent years, including in China, Japan, Vietnam and the US.Among the American public, this has contributed to a steady decline in support forretention, with a narrow majority of 55% now supporting the death penalty – thelowest level for half a century – and 43% favouring abolition.Wrongful convictions and the death penalty2 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/wrongful-convictions-policy-position-paper/ ) [357] => Array ( [objectID] => 21528 [title] => Deterrence and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The most common justification for the retention of the death penalty among the minority of states that continue to sentence to death and execute individuals who are found guilty of committing certain serious offences is a belief that this punishment has a unique deterrent effect. The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on deterrence and the death penalty. [texte] => DETERRENCEAND THE DEATHPENALTYThe DeathPenalty ProjectLack of research to evidence efficacyDespite the rhetorical prominenceof deterrence in justifying the use ofthe death penalty, there has been anotable lack of empirical researchevidence to support claims madeabout this theory.In convincingly demonstrating thepresence of a dynamic of deterrence, thekey question is not simply whether somepeople may be deterred, but whether asystem of capital punishment enforcedthrough executions actually leads to lowerrates of capital offences than a penalsystem which uses an alternative severepunishment, such as life imprisonment.There are challenges to producingthe required kinds of empiricalevidence which could address thisquestion. It is of course not possibleto conduct experiments, for obviousmoral and ethical reasons, and sostudies have generally relied uponanalysis of trends and comparisonsbetween crime rates across similarjurisdictions that retain or haveabolished capital punishment.The justification of deterrenceThe most common justification for the retention of the death penalty among theminority of states that continue to sentence to death and execute individuals who arefound guilty of committing certain serious offences is a belief that this punishment hasa unique deterrent effect.When the notion of ‘deterrence’ is used in this context, it refers to the idea of generaldeterrence: the claim that, where the costs of the punishment for committing an offenceare greater than the perceived benefits, crime will be less likely to occur.In the case of the death penalty, this means that authorities believe the cost is clear toindividuals who may commit murder or other offences that attract the death penalty indifferent jurisdictions – that to do so would involve a real risk of execution if they wereto be caught and convicted.Underlying the theory of deterrence is a specific logic: that the individuals who maycommit offences are rational actors, with knowledge of the law and the legal system,who carefully weigh up the relative costs and benefits of particular actions, adaptingtheir behaviour accordingly.Deterrence and the death penalty2Looking athomicide rates inthe United StatesThe vast majority of existing studies havebeen carried out in the US - specificallyexamining the relationship betweencapital punishment and homicide rates.One methodological approach used inthese studies has been to compare ratesof homicide between those states whichretain the death penalty and those whichhave abolished it.Overall, homicide rates have beendeclining since the early 1990s acrossall US states. And increasing rates ofhomicide have not followed in thosestates which have abolished the deathpenalty duringthe past two decades.In fact, over the last 20years, homicide rates in USstates which retained the deathpenalty have been higher thanthose without it.One study found that between 1974 and2009, 447 executions occurred in the stateof Texas, 13 occurred in California andnone occurred in New York, yet rates ofhomicide followed similar patterns offluctuation throughout this period acrossall three states, clearly influenced byfactors other than punishments.Deterrence effect beyondthe United StatesThe limited research evidence from beyond the US has produced similar results. Onestudy compared murder rates between Singapore (which retains the death penalty) andHong Kong (which does not), based on the assessment that they shared a number ofrelevant characteristics and trends beyond penal policy.It was found that, over a period of 30 years, homicide rates had followed a similar pathof decline, with no observed differences resulting from a stark spike in executions inSingapore in the mid-1990s (which the authors calculated to have reached the highestlevel in the world at the time), nor any rise in response to the abolition of the deathpenalty in Hong Kong in 1993.3 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/deterrence-policy-position-paper/ ) [358] => Array ( [objectID] => 21527 [title] => Public Opinion and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-opinion-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When faced with calls to join the majority of states worldwide that have now abolished capital punishment, a key justification, typically relied upon by retentionist states, is that their citizens are not yet ready for abolition, and that political leaders must represent ‘the will of the people.’ The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on public opinion and the death penalty. [texte] => PUBLIC OPINIONAND THE DEATHPENALTYThe DeathPenalty ProjectResearch to challenge assumptionsRigorous empirical research whichmeticulously interrogates public opinioncan reveal the limits of retentionists’ claimsof public support for the death penalty.By enquiring beyond the binary questionof whether or not respondents supportor oppose the death penalty, much morenuanced views emerge.Claims of widespread public supportfor capital punishment can significantlyoverstate the extent of the public’s interestin the issue. One survey of 4,500 peopleundertaken in China in 2007-08 foundthat only 3% of respondents were ‘veryinterested’ in the death penalty, and only aquarter were interested at all.Research in Malaysia in 2012 foundthat only 8% of respondents were ‘veryinterested or concerned’, with 36% ‘notvery’ interested or not at all concerned.Similarly, in a 2015 survey in Accra, Ghana,where the death penalty is mandatory formurder, only 9% of respondents were ‘veryinterested’ in the matter.When faced with calls to join the majority of states worldwide that have now abolished capitalpunishment, a key justification, typically relied upon by retentionist states, is that their citizensare not yet ready for abolition, and that political leaders must represent ‘the will of the people.’Such reasoning obscures the complexity of public opinion on this issue, not least that opinionscan be difficult to accurately ascertain. Indeed, while public opinion on capital punishmentshould not be entirely ignored, research has found that it can be influenced by misconceptionsabout its administration and efficacy.Introducing informationon wrongful convictionsWhere support forcapital punishment isfound, it appears tobe contingenton the beliefthat itsadministration is free fromerrors – a belief underminedby frequent findings of theexecution of innocent personsand of those wrongfully convictedacross all jurisdictions that retainPublic opinion and the death penalty2ContextualisingresponsesLimited interest and concernamong the public in retentionistjurisdictions has been found tobe accompanied by a significantlack of knowledge about the deathpenalty, not least, how often itis used and for which offences.Research conducted in Indonesiain 2019-20 found that only 2%of public respondents consideredthemselves to be ‘very well informed’about the matter.When researchers in Taiwan in 2014presented participants with fourfactual questions about the death penalty,only four out of over 2,000 people knewthe answers to all four questions. Over half(55%), did not know the answers to any.In Trinidad and Tobago, which has avery high rate of homicide, while publicrespondentsto a 2011 surveyexpressed a notablyhigh level of interestin the death penalty,this was not basedon a significant levelof knowledge. Just17% stated that they felt‘very well informed or knewa great deal’, while nearlyhalf (47%) knew ‘little or nothing.’These findings indicate thatpublic opinion in retentioniststates is not salient; it is not basedon a high level of engagementwith the issue, nor on extensiveknowledge of the punishment andits administration.3capital punishment, includingthose with the most stringentdue process protections.When members of the public inChina were asked if they wouldstill support retention ‘if it wereproven to their satisfaction thatinnocent persons had sometimesbeen executed,’ support for the deathpenalty fell from an initial level of 58%to just 25%.When the same question was posedelsewhere, specifically with regard tomurder, support among respondents inTrinidad and Tobago fell from an initialnine out of 10 to just a third, whilesupport among respondents in Singaporefell from nine out of 10 to four out of 10. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/public-opinion-policy-position-paper/ ) [359] => Array ( [objectID] => 21518 [title] => International Law and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-law-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of capital punishment has been an issue addressed by international human rights law since the earliest days of the United Nations. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, and an instrument widely recognised as the gold standard for human rights, affirms the right to life and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on international law and the death penalty. [texte] => The DeathPenalty ProjectINTERNATIONALLAW ANDABOLITIONOF THEDEATH PENALTYSubsequent treaties aiming to restrictthe use of the death penaltyHuman rights treaties, both universaland regional, adopted subsequent tothe Universal Declaration, and inspiredby it, have imposed limitations on theuse of capital punishment or prohibitedit altogether. Today, international lawseverely restricts the death penalty andpoints towards its total abolition.The Convention on the Rightsof the Child forbids thedeath penalty withoutexception, although therelevant provisiononly applies topunishmentfor crimes committed when theoffender was under the age of eighteen.Optional Protocols to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights,the European Convention on HumanRights, and the American Conventionon Human Rights, prohibit capitalpunishment in all circumstances, althoughto a very limited extent exception maybe made for the death penalty in time ofwar. In the case of the abolitionist SecondProtocol to the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights, which has89 States parties, denunciation of thetreaty is impossible.The Universal Declaration of HumanRights and the right to lifeThe use of capital punishment has been an issue addressed by international humanrights law since the earliest days of the United Nations. The Universal Declarationof Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, and an instrumentwidely recognised as the gold standard for human rights, affirms the right to life andthe prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.There was considerable debate about whether or not to include an express prohibitionof capital punishment, but the General Assembly opted to remain silent on thesubject. This compromise reflected the realities of the time: the fact that most of theMember States at the time continued to apply the death penalty coupled with anunderstanding that the death penalty was inherently incompatible with the right tolife and the prohibition of torture, and that there was a trend towards its abolition.2International law and abolition of the death penaltyThe importance ofGeneral Comment 36The texts of the international humanrights treaties that concern capitalpunishment are supplemented by asubstantial body of case law developedmainly by the United Nations HumanRights Committee, the European Courtof Human Rights and the InternationalCourt of Justice. In addition, theHuman Rights Committee has issuedauthoritative pronouncements on thesubject, the most important of thembeing its General Comment 36, issuedin November 2018. Authoritativeanalysis of the treaty provisions can alsobe found in expert reports issued byspecial procedures of the Human RightsCouncil, principally those of the specialrapporteurson extrajudicial,summary orarbitrary executionsand on torture and othercruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment or punishment.Every five years the Secretary-General issues a detailed report onthe situation of capital punishmentglobally that summarises recent legaldevelopments. The United NationsGeneral Assembly adopts a biennialresolution calling for a moratoriumon capital punishment as well as otherconstraints on the practice.Regional obligations to restrictthe use of capital punishmentRegional human rights systems have also contributed to the body of international lawgoverning capital punishment. Relevant treaties, declarations, reports and judgmentshave been issued by institutions of the Council of Europe, the Organisation ofAmerican States, the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Organisation forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, theCommonwealth and the Francophonie. The international legal obligations concerningcapital punishment vary somewhat depending upon the practice of a given state aswell as the treaties to which it is a party.3Global progress made towards abolitionSome 110 states have now abolished capital punishment in their domestic law. Thevast majority of these states are parties to one or more of the abolitionist treaties, inaddition to their more general obligations under human rights treaties. Consequently,almost all of the states that have abolished capital punishment in their domesticcriminal justice legislation are prevented by international law from reintroducingthe death penalty. The American Convention on Human Rights explicitly preventsstates that have abolished the death penalty from reintroducing it. The InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights does this implicitly, according to theauthoritative Human Rights Committee.International law also prohibits states that have abolished the death penaltyfrom facilitating its imposition by other countries, for example by transferring orextraditing suspects or providing evidence and other forms of cooperation that maycontribute to convictions where the death penalty is a possible result. In effect, thisis a corollary of their more general obligation not to expel individuals to countrieswhere there is a real risk of torture, ill-treatment and violation of the right to life(non-refoulement).States that havestopped using thedeath penaltyAbout 60 states have not used the deathpenalty for at least ten years althoughthey retain the relevant legislationand may in fact continue topronounce sentences of deathwithout carrying them out.This is known as de factoabolition. History hasshown that manyof the statesthat are nowabolitionist in law had actually ceased usingthe death penalty before taking this step,often as a result of an official moratorium.Recent UN reports show that these statesalmost never revert to the practice ofcapital punishment once a decade withoutan execution has passed. A few states haveactually ratified one of the abolitionisttreaties even though their national lawsstill allow for capital punishment. Anarguable case can be made that in thosestates where the death penalty has notbeen imposed for at least a decade, generallegal obligations under human rightstreaties protecting the right to life and theprohibition of torture prevent them fromimposing capital punishment.International law and abolition of the death penalty45States that continueto use the death penaltyOnly about 30 states in the worldcontinue to use capital punishment. Mostof these only impose it occasionally. Thevast majority of executions are conductedby four or five states. These states arenevertheless constrained in their use ofthe death penalty by international legalstandards resulting either from treaties orcustomary international law. In terms oftreaty law, the most important source isArticle 6 of the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights. This legaltext specifies that countries which havenot abolished the death penalty may onlyimpose sentence of death for the mostserious crimes in accordance with the lawin force at the time of the commission ofthe crime.The penalty can only be carried outpursuant to a final judgment renderedby a competent court. A personsentenced to death must have the rightto seek pardon or commutation ofthe sentence. Furthermore, amnesty,pardon or commutation of the sentenceof death may be granted in all cases.Finally, sentence of death shall notbe imposed for crimes committedby persons below eighteen years ofage and shall not be carried out onpregnant women. The prohibition onexecution of juvenile offenders is alsoset out in Article 37 of the Conventionon the Rights of the Child. Otherprinciples have been held to followby implication from Article 6 of theCovenant, including the prohibition ofmandatory sentence of death and therequirement that a death sentence canonly be imposed if the trial scrupulouslyrespects internationally recognisedstandards of fairness, including the rightto funded counsel and the availabilityof appeal to a higher court. The deathpenalty may not be imposed upon aperson suffering from mental disorderor impairment. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/international-law-policy-position-paper/ ) [360] => Array ( [objectID] => 20596 [title] => Malaysia and the Politics Behind the Death Penalty: A Tumultuous Relationship. [timestamp] => 1666569600 [date] => 24/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malaysia-and-the-politics-behind-the-death-penalty-a-tumultuous-relationship/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/malaysia-and-abolition-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 6 October 2022, the Malaysian government tabled bills abolishing the mandatory death penalty. [texte] => On 6 October 2022, the Malaysian government tabled bills abolishing the mandatory death penalty. (more…) "Malaysia and the Politics Behind the Death Penalty: A Tumultuous Relationship. " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [361] => Array ( [objectID] => 20606 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 51st session [timestamp] => 1666569600 [date] => 24/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-51st-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 51st regular session from September 12 to October 7, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 51st regular session from September 12 to October 7, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 51st session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [362] => Array ( [objectID] => 20556 [title] => Africa : 3 abolitions of the death penalty in one year [timestamp] => 1666224000 [date] => 20/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/africa-3-abolitions-of-the-death-penalty-in-one-year/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/abolition-africa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => After Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea has adopted a new Penal Code that abolishes the death penalty for ordinary crimes. [texte] => After Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea has adopted a new Penal Code that abolishes the death penalty for ordinary crimes. (more…) "Africa : 3 abolitions of the death penalty in one year" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic [1] => Equatorial Guinea [2] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [363] => Array ( [objectID] => 21168 [title] => Roper and Race: the Nature and Effects of Death Penalty Exclusions for Juveniles and the “Late Adolescent Class” [timestamp] => 1666224000 [date] => 20/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/roper-and-race-the-nature-and-effects-of-death-penalty-exclusions-for-juveniles-and-the-late-adolescent-class/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the US Supreme Court raised the minimum age at which someone could be subjected to capital punishment, ruling that no one under the age of 18 at the time of their crime could be sentenced to death. The present article discusses the legal context and rationale by which the Court established the current age-based limit on death penalty eligibility as well as the scientific basis for a recent American Psychological Association Resolution that recommended extending that limit to include members of the “late adolescent class” (i.e., persons from 18 to 20 years old). In addition, we present new data that address the little-discussed but important racial/ethnic implications of these age-based limits to capital punishment, both for the already established Roper exclusion and the APA-proposed exclusion for the late adolescent class. In fact, a much higher percentage of persons in the late adolescent class who were sentenced to death in the post-Roper era were non-White, suggesting that their age-based exclusion would help to remedy this problematic pattern. [texte] => In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the US Supreme Court raised the minimum age at which someone could be subjected to capi- tal punishment, ruling that no one under the age of 18 at the time of their crime could be sentenced to death. The present article discusses the legal context and rationale by which the Court established the current age-based limit on death penalty eligibility as well as the scientific basis for a recent American Psychological Association Resolution that recommended extending that limit to include members of the “late adolescent class” (i.e., persons from 18 to 20 years old). In addition, we present new data that address the little-discussed but important racial/ethnic implications of these age-based limits to capital punishment, both for the already established Roper exclusion and the APA-proposed exclusion for the late adolescent class. In fact, a much higher percentage of persons in the late adolescent class who were sentenced to death in the post-Roper era were non-White, suggesting that their age-based exclusion would help to remedy this problematic pattern.Keywords Late adolescent class · Death penalty eligibility · Racial/ethnic consequencesIn a landmark capital case decided nearly 20 years ago, the US Supreme Court ruled that no one under the age of 18 at the time their crime was committed could be sentenced to death (Roper v. Simmons, 2005). The Roper decision over- turned an opinion the Court had rendered a little more than a decade and a half before, Stanford v. Kentucky (1989), which had set the minimum age at 16. The Roper Court premised its decision to modify the age limit on two sets of empirical facts that the majority concluded had significantly changed since its earlier ruling. As evidence of the nation’s “evolv- ing standards of decency” on the issue, the Court cited a new “national consensus” against imposing the death pen- alty on juveniles. In addition, relying on its own reading of then-current social, developmental, and neuropsychological research, the Court concluded that reliable and valid scien- tific evidence had been developed showing that the death penalty was categorically disproportionate for persons underthe age of 18. The latter basis of the Roper Court’s opin- ion—that evidence of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional immaturity lessened legal determinations of culpability so significantly as to require a categorical exclusion from death penalty imposition—is of obvious interest to scholars seek- ing to understand whether and how psychological knowledge can play an important role in constitutional decision-making (e.g., Steele, 2021).Moreover, as we will further discuss, there is now more recent scientific evidence suggesting that Roper’s logic can and should be extended to 18- to 20-year-olds—members of what has been termed the “late adolescent class” (e.g., Leark, 2021), an age group whose neuropsychological status pediatric neuropsychologists are called upon to examine and comment upon in various legal settings, including as miti- gation in capital cases where death is sought as a penalty. (Throughout this article, we use the term “juveniles” to refer to persons aged 17 years and under, and “late adolescent class” to refer to persons 18, 19, and 20 years old.) After reviewing the legal context and logic of Roper’s age-based limitation on the imposition of the death penalty, the present article briefly examines this more recent scientific evidence and discusses how and why it supports applying the Roper age-based exclusion to members of the late adolescent class. In discussing this issue, we acknowledge and rely on, amongother sources, the articles contained in a recent Special Issue of this journal (Leark, 2021) as well as a recent Resolution passed by the American Psychological Association summariz- ing the latest social, developmental, and neuropsychological research and recommending that the same legal rationales used in Roper apply to the late adolescent class. If followed, this Resolution would legally bar 18- to 20-year-olds from being sentenced to death. (The background and history of Resolution that was overwhelmingly approved by the APA’s Council of Representatives is contained in the Appendix A of this article, along with a list of the members of the APA Presidential Task Force who drafted it. The text of the Resolution itself is con- tained in Appendix B). Both appendices are included as the supplementary material in the online version only.The second issue that we address has been largely over- looked in discussions of these age-based exclusions— namely, the degree to which excluding members of the Roper and late adolescent classes from the death penalty disproportionately affects young defendants of Color (those identified as Black, Latino, and Other). In examining the racial/ethnic consequences of implementing Roper’s already existing exclusion and its potential extension to the late ado- lescent class, we analyze a comprehensive database of death penalty verdicts rendered between 1972—immediately fol- lowing the post-Furman v. Georgia (1972) reinstatement of capital punishment in the United States—and the end of 2021. We focus specifically on the intersection of age and race/ethnicity in the distribution of the death sentences ren- dered in capital cases over that time period. To the extent to which death sentences were and still are disproportionately imposed on young persons of Color, the Roper and potential late adolescent class exclusions indirectly operate to allevi- ate this specific form of racial bias.The Legal Context and Logic of RoperAlthough its actual application is very much debated, long- standing constitutional doctrine provides that only persons who commit the very worst crimes and manifest the greatest degree of culpability may be subjected to the worst punish- ment (i.e., capital punishment). Under existing death penalty statutes, the determination of whether someone is eligible for the death penalty turns in part on the nature of the crime for which they have been convicted (i.e., only certain crimes that have additional factors associated with them that presumably make them “the worst” qualify). In addition, jurors are given discretion to decide whether they believe a capital defendant is so culpable that he or she deserves to be sentenced to death— typically through a process by which jurors are instructed to balance and weigh negative or “aggravating” factors against positive or “mitigating” factors pertaining to the crime(s) and to the person’s background and other characteristics.As death penalty doctrine has evolved, however, rather than relying wholly on prosecutors and juries to make case- by-case determinations of the seriousness of the crime and the culpability of the defendant, the Court has imposed cer- tain limited prohibitions against death penalty eligibility (e.g., Haney et al., 2015). Thus, in addition to establishing that no person convicted of a crime in which there was no loss of life can be “death-eligible” (Louisiana v. Kennedy, 2008), defendants with certain characteristics are now, as a group, exempt from capital punishment. For example, per- sons who have “intellectual disabilities”—what the Court described as “not only subaverage intellectual functioning, but also significant limitations in adaptive skills such as communication, self-care, and self-direction that became manifest before age 18” (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002, p. 318)— cannot be sentenced to death.Another notable categorical prohibition, and the focus of the present article, pertains to the age of the defendant. In deciding that defendants who were not yet 18 at the time of the crime with which they were accused cannot be sentenced to death, the Court in Roper v. Simmons (2005) analyzed two very different kinds of empirical evidence. The first kind, which the Court characterized as providing it with “essen- tial instruction” (p. 564), focused on the level of societal acceptance of the practice; that is, whether there was now a national consensus against applying the death penalty to juveniles (i.e., persons under the age of 18). Looking primar- ily at the enactments of state legislatures and other related official practices (including states banning the juvenile death penalty, declining to use it when it was possible to do so, and commuting death sentences that previously had been imposed on juveniles), and using them as indices of “evolv- ing standards of decency,” the Court concluded that “today our society views juveniles as “categorically less culpable’” than adults (p. 567, quoting Atkins).In addition to considering evidence of a national con- sensus, the Roper Court then brought its “own independ- ent judgment” to bear on the question. Explicitly consid- ering what was then-current psychological research, the Court reached three important empirical conclusions about the characteristics of persons under the age of 18. Specifi- cally, the Court concluded that, in comparison to adults:responsibility made them more likely to engage in “impetu- ous and ill-considered actions and decisions” (p. 569), (2) juveniles were less emotionally stable and simultaneously more “vulnerable and susceptible to negative influences and outside pressures… in their whole environment” (p. 569–570) and, finally, (3) that because the “character of a juvenile” was “more transitory, less fixed” and “not as well formed,” persons under the age of 18 were more capable of being “reformed” (p. 570). Although explicit citations to the psychological literature in the Court’s opinion were notJournal of Pediatric Neuropsychologyextensive, their empirical assertions were buttressed with several references to key developmental research on the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional limitations of adoles- cents (specifically, Arnett, 1992; Steinberg & Scott, 2003) and to venerable work on social identity formation by Erik Erikson (1968).In combination, the three fundamental w [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://documents.deathpenaltyinfo.org/pdf/Roper_and_Race_the_Nature_and_Effects_of_Death_Pen.pdf ) [364] => Array ( [objectID] => 20801 [title] => Deeply Rooted: How Racial History Informs Oklahoma’s Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1665705600 [date] => 14/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deeply-rooted-how-racial-history-informs-oklahomas-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => These individual cases illustrate issues found in systemic reviews of the state’s death penalty system. In 2017, a bipartisan commission that included former prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges, citizens, crime victim advocates, and law professors found that the state’s capital punishment system created “unacceptable risks of inconsistent, discriminatory, and inhumane application of the death penalty.” In an extensively researched report, the commission recommended a moratorium on executions until reforms were made. Five years later, Oklahoma has enacted “virtually none” of the suggested reforms. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Facebook TwitterHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailDeeply Rooted: How Racial History Informs Oklahoma’s Death PenaltyPosted on Oct 14, 2022 Race Oklahoma DOWNLOAD FULL REPORT READ THE PRESS RELEASE Fact Sheet Introduction Key Facts Fact Sheet Infographics Introduction …in our case the segregation based upon racial distinctions is in accord with the deeply rooted social policy of the State of Oklahoma.McLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Ed., 87 F. Supp. 528, 531 (W.D. Okla. 1949)Oklahoma’s death penalty is at a crossroads. On August 25, 2022, Oklahoma executed the first person in a series of 25 executions set to occur nearly every month through 2024. The projected increase in executions in Oklahoma comes while the death penalty is in decline nationwide; 2021 had the fewest executions since 1988. Furthermore, Oklahoma’s planned executions are scheduled to move forward despite evidence that there are serious problems with Oklahoma’s death penalty that the state has done little to address.Death penalty cases in Oklahoma have garnered significant media attention in recent years, providing the public with tangible examples of systemic issues with the state’s capital punishment system. Most recently, Richard Glossip’s case has been championed by more than 60 Oklahoma legislators—most of whom are Republicans—who believe he may be innocent. A recent report produced by more than 30 lawyers who spent 3,000 hours investigating Glossip’s case found possible prosecutorial and police misconduct, inadequate defense lawyering, and facts inconsistent with the prosecutor’s version of events presented at trial. The report highlighted a number of facts that undermine Glossip’s conviction. No physical or forensic evidence ties Glossip to the crime, and recent discoveries have revealed that, at the direction of the Oklahoma County District Attorney’s Office, the Oklahoma City Police Department destroyed boxes of evidence before Glossip’s second trial. His conviction hinged primarily on the statements of a codefendant who received a reduced sentence in exchange for his testimony implicating Glossip. Glossip received a temporary stay of execution in August 2022 and is currently scheduled to be executed on December 8, 2022.A coalition of diverse stakeholders brought Julius Jones’ case to prominence by highlighting misconduct, racial justice issues, and his strong innocence claims. Jones, a Black man, was sentenced to death by a nearly all-white jury in 2002. He was prosecuted by a district attorney whose tenure was marred by misconduct, and his court-appointed trial lawyers did not investigate or present key evidence. As in Glossip’s case, Jones’ conviction relied heavily on a witness who was given a substantially reduced sentence in exchange for his testimony. An arresting officer and a juror used racial slurs to describe Jones, reflecting the pervasive racial bias that permeated his case. After years of public pressure, Jones’ sentence was commuted in 2021 to life without the possibility of parole. The Justice for Julius coalition is still fighting for his release.These individual cases illustrate issues found in systemic reviews of the state’s death penalty system. In 2017, a bipartisan commission that included former prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges, citizens, crime victim advocates, and law professors found that the state’s capital punishment system created “unacceptable risks of inconsistent, discriminatory, and inhumane application of the death penalty.” In an extensively researched report, the commission recommended a moratorium on executions until reforms were made. Five years later, Oklahoma has enacted “virtually none” of the suggested reforms.Investigations into the state’s execution procedures have called into question Oklahoma’s ability to perform executions “with the precision and attention to detail” necessary. A grand jury investigating Oklahoma’s execution procedures following Charles Warner’s execution and Richard Glossip’s near execution in 2015 in which the department of corrections obtained the wrong execution drug, found a multitude of serious problems with following the state’s legally mandated executed procedures. The grand jury discovered that most people involved in the execution process did not know what the protocol required. A pharmacist ordered the wrong execution drug, and no one completed the requisite checks to ensure the correct drug was ordered. And when, hours before Glossip’s scheduled execution, it was revealed that the execution team had obtained the wrong drug, the Governor’s General Counsel encouraged the department of corrections to proceed with the execution without informing the public of the mistake. The grand jury report described these failures as shaking the confidence in the state’s ability to carry out the death penalty.Despite the lack of action on recognized problems with the state’s administration of the death penalty, Oklahoma has taken steps toward addressing other criminal legal reform issues. It is one of only ten states that has passed legislation to regulate jailhouse informants. It has also passed legislation to reform the use of eyewitness identification and to reduce the incidence of false confessions. Oklahoma legislators have (unsuccessfully) tried creating a Conviction Integrity Review Unit for death penalty cases that allows people on death row to present new evidence in their cases. Prior efforts show that reform is possible, but with two dozen executions looming, Oklahoma’s criminal legal system is facing an inflection point.To understand Oklahoma’s present-day death penalty, it is important to understand the state’s history—particularly the legacies of racial violence and Jim Crow that have created deep-rooted racial tensions that persist today. Building upon the Death Penalty Information Center’s 2020 report, Enduring Injustice, this report explores the connections between Oklahoma’s racial history and its modern use of the death penalty.To learn more, read DPIC’s full report Deeply Rooted: How Racial History Informs Oklahoma’s Death Penalty.Key FactsBelow are key facts from the Deeply Rooted report. There have been racial disparities in executions since before Oklahoma was granted statehood. The earliest recorded execution in Oklahoma was in 1841. Of the 39 people executed in the 19th century, 31 (79%) were Native American men and 6 were Black men. The first recorded execution of a white person was in 1899. Since 1976, 41% (48/117) of the people Oklahoma has executed have been people of color. Black people make up the majority of the people of color executed in the modern era of the death penalty (37/48). Oklahoma has a history of defying Supreme Court racial justice decisions. Oklahoma has a long history of defying U.S. Supreme Court decisions that sought to promote equality before the law and the sovereignty of Native American people. After the Supreme Court ordered Oklahoma to provide Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher—a Black woman rejected from the University of Oklahoma College of Law because of her race—access to law school, the state legislature created a new “law school” exclusively for Sipuel Fisher in a State Capitol Senate room. The “school” had three instructors and no plan of study. Oklahoma reversed course only after Sipuel Fisher’s attorneys brought the matter back to the Supreme Court and the Attorney General expected the state would lose. Most recently in McGirt v. Oklahoma, the Supreme Court held that Oklahoma lacked jurisdiction to prosecute Native American people for crimes committed on tribal lands, which included much of eastern Oklahoma. On the same day it ruled in McGirt’s favor, the Court retroactively applied its holding to Patrick Murphy’s pending case, in which Murphy, a Muscogee man, was challenging Oklahoma’s jurisdiction because his crime was committed on tribal land. Deviating from the Supreme Court’s holding in Murphy’s case, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals refused to retroactively apply McGirt to other cases. The 25 people Oklahoma scheduled for execution disproportionately represent the most vulnerable populations. The men scheduled for execution over the next two years are overwhelmingly members of highly vulnerable populations, rather than the most morally culpable offenders. Nearly all face one or more significant vulnerabilities, including serious mental illness, intellectual deficiencies, brain damage, and chronic childhood abuse and neglect. Seven of the ten Black men scheduled for execution were 25 years old or younger at the time of their crime, including three who were 20 or younger. Most of the men have been diagnosed with serious mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. At least eight have documented evidence of brain damage. One of the men, Michael Smith, has provided courts extensive documentation of a lifelong disability but Oklahoma has denied him a hearing to present that evidence. The men scheduled for execution have been subjected to a multitude of adverse childhood experiences, including serious physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse. Several have significant evidence of innocence. Seventeen of the 25 were sentenced to death in Oklahoma or Tulsa counties, both of which are national outliers as a result of their voracious execution rates. On average, capital cases are over three times more expensive than non-capital cases in Oklahoma, not including the differences in the costs of keeping someone on death row. Conservative estimates place the average cost of an Oklahoma death penalty case at approximately $161,000, even before considering the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/deeply-rooted-how-racial-history-informs-oklahomas-death-penalty ) [365] => Array ( [objectID] => 20499 [title] => Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America [timestamp] => 1665532800 [date] => 12/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/geometrical-justice-the-death-penalty-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In their new book, released in the Summer of 2022, University of Denver criminology and sociology professor Scott Phillips and University of Georgia sociologist Mark Cooney apply the concept of “social geometry,” developed in the 1970s by sociologist Donald Black, to analyze outcomes of capital cases. After reviewing extensive data collected in connection with the landmark Baldus Study of capital sentencing in Georgia and from the national Capital Jury Project, they conclude that the sentencing outcomes in the cases in those databases support key principles of Black’s theory: the higher the social status of the victim and the lower the social status of the defendant, the more likely a death sentence will be imposed. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Facebook TwitterHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal InfoNewsBOOKS: “Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America” Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email Email Posted on Sep 14, 2022 Sentencing Data BOOKS: “Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America”The outcome of a capital prosecution can be predicted based upon the relative social status of the victim, the defendant, and the jurors, applying a sociology concept known as the geometrical theory of law, according to the authors of a new book, Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America.In their new book, released in the Summer of 2022, University of Denver criminology and sociology professor Scott Phillips and University of Georgia sociologist Mark Cooney apply the concept of “social geometry,” developed in the 1970s by sociologist Donald Black, to analyze outcomes of capital cases. After reviewing extensive data collected in connection with the landmark Baldus Study of capital sentencing in Georgia and from the national Capital Jury Project, they conclude that the sentencing outcomes in the cases in those databases support key principles of Black’s theory: the higher the social status of the victim and the lower the social status of the defendant, the more likely a death sentence will be imposed.Black first introduced the concept of a “geometrical theory of law” in his 1976 book, The Behavior of Law (1976). The theory, Phillips and Cooney explain, posits that the “outcome of a case depends on its social geometry — the location, direction, and the distance of the case in social space.” Social space, put simply, is that “realm of reality humans create through interacting with one another,” and consists of five dimensions: (1) “vertical status” (i.e., wealth); (2) “radial status” (i.e., the degree of involvement in social institutions, such as family, work, religious institutions, politics); (3) “cultural status” (i.e., conventional versus unconventional social traits); (4) “normative status” (i.e., perceived respectability); and (5) “organizational status” (i.e., capacity for collective action).The authors obtained data from two premier studies of capital punishment to perform their research. Their first dataset was an updated (2020) version of the data from the late University of Iowa law professor and social scientist David Baldus and his colleagues’ study on race and the death penalty, which formed the basis of the constitutional challenge to Georgia’s racially disproportionate application of capital punishment case in McCleskey v. Kemp in 1987. Second, they analyzed data from the National Science Foundation-funded Capital Jury Project, to examine the impact of a juror’s social status on capital sentencing decisions.Using data from the updated Baldus study data, Phillips and Cooney coded values for defendants and victims along all five social dimensions, producing an overall status score. They found that those with the highest social status scores were “professionals (e.g. doctor, accountant), a parent supporting a child, White, had a clean criminal record, or were state officials.”Phillips and Cooney then sought to test three key propositions of Black’s theory. First, “downward law is greater than upward law” — that is, individuals with cumulatively higher social status scores will tend to receive more favorable treatment under the law against individuals of cumulatively lower social status than low status individuals will receive against higher status individuals. Second, “law varies directly with social status” — the higher the social status the greater likelihood of favorable treatment under the law. Third, “law increases with social distance,” which means that incidents involving strangers will receive a greater “quantity of law” than incidents involving non-strangers. Applied in the context of capital punishment, Phillips and Cooney explain, a greater “quantity of law” — read as a harsher punishment — would mean a death sentence as opposed to life in prison.Phillips’ and Cooney’s analysis of the death penalty sentencing data produced statistically significant support for the three key propositions of Black’s “geometric justice” theory. Their comparison of the relative social statuses of victims and defendants revealed that 11% of cases involving victims of higher social status than the defendant resulted in death sentences, as compared to only one percent cases in which the victim was of lower social status. That, they said, showed that downward cases are more likely to receive a death sentence than upward cases.In situations in which the parties were of approximately equal status, they found that death sentences involving higher status victims were more likely to result in death sentences (7% of cases) than cases involving lower status victims (1% of cases). Those results, they said, validated Black’s suggestion that “law varies directly with social status.” Acknowledging the original findings of the Baldus study, which after a regression analysis that controlled for hundreds of factors found that “the probability of a death sentence was greater in White victim cases,” the authors repeated their analysis, removing race from the measure of status. They found that without the explicit consideration of race, the “underlying pattern is the same,” that the “social status of the parties helps to predict who gets sentenced to death.” While supporting Black’s theory, the analysis did not take into consideration the impact of race in influencing each of the five dimensions of social status that went into the overall assessment of an individual’s social status.Supporting Black’s proposition that “law increases with social distance,” Phillips and Cooney found that defendants were more likely to be sentenced to death for killing a stranger (17% of cases) than for homicides in which the victim and defendant knew one another (3% of cases).The authors also calculated the likelihood of a death sentence based on the social status scores of the empaneled juries, using data from the Capital Jury Project. Coding nine variables to calculate each juror’s social status, they found that high status jurors were more likely to vote for death than lower status jurors.TAGS Juries Victims SourcesScott Phillips and Mark Cooney, Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America (2022).Intellectual DisabilityOct 07, 2022Atkins at 20: Assessing the Purported Ban on Executing Individuals with Intellectual DisabilitiesAtkins at 20: Assessing the Purported Ban on Executing Individuals with Intellectual DisabilitiesMental IllnessOct 05, 2022With Execution Looming, Judge Denies Competency Hearing for Oklahoma Death-Row Prisoner Benjamin ColeWith Execution Looming, Judge Denies Competency Hearing for Oklahoma Death-Row Prisoner Benjamin ColeRaceOct 04, 2022New Study Finds Significant Race-of-Victim Disparities in St. Louis County Death SentencingNew Study Finds Significant Race-of-Victim Disparities in St. Louis County Death SentencingJoin our mailing listDeath Penalty Information Center Email Facebook Twitter Policy Issues Arbitrariness Costs Deterrence Innocence Intellectual Disability Juveniles International Mental Illness Prosecutorial Accountability Race Representation Sentencing Alternatives Victims' FamiliesFacts & Research Fact Sheet Death Penalty Census Clemency Crimes Punishable by Death DPIC Reports History of the Death Penalty Innocence Database Murder Rates Public Opinion Recent Legislative Activity Religion Sentencing Data Student Research Center United States Supreme CourtExecutions Executions Overview Upcoming Executions Execution Database Methods of Execution Botched Executions Lethal InjectionDeath Row Death Row Overview Conditions on Death Row Foreign Nationals Native Americans Time on Death Row WomenState & Federal Info State by State Federal Death Penalty MilitaryAbout About Us Staff & Board of Directors DPIC in the Media DPIC Testimony Press Releases Work for DPICFor the MediaResources Related Websites Publications & Testimony DPIC Podcasts DPIC Reports New Voices En EspañolFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2022 Death Penalty Information CenterShare this selection Tweet Facebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.routledge.com/Geometrical-Justice-The-Death-Penalty-in-America/Phillips-Cooney/p/book/9781032009865 ) [366] => Array ( [objectID] => 20802 [title] => Death Penalty in Pakistan [timestamp] => 1665360000 [date] => 10/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The implementation of capital punishment has seen substantial shifts over the course of the past decade. During the period from the end of a moratorium on executions in December 2014 to August 2019, an estimated 1,800 death sentences were imposed across the entire court system and 520 people were executed. Various amendments to Pakistan’s criminal law over the past several decades have resulted in a list of 33 offenses, most of which are far removed from the definition of the “most serious crimes” under international law. A full list of offences is attached at the end of the report. [texte] => Donate Now Home About Approach Who is the Murderer Projects Resources ContactFollow Us+92 423 628 6415 HomeDeath Penalty in PakistanDeath Penalty in PakistanDate.10 Oct, 2022This is the first edition of the annual statistics report, Death Penalty in Pakistan: Data Mapping Capital Punishment. The aim of this report is to statistically analyse the implementation of death penalty in Pakistan. The implementation of capital punishment has seen substantial shifts over the course of the past decade. During the period from the end of a moratorium on executions in December 2014 to August 2019, an estimated 1,800 death sentences were imposed across the entire court system and 520 people were executed. Various amendments to Pakistan’s criminal law over the past several decades have resulted in a list of 33 offenses, most of which are far removed from the definition of the “most serious crimes” under international law. A full list of offences is attached at the end of the report.The data used in this report is primary data collected by JPP from Provincial Prison departments, Punjab Police, and 33 prisons across the country. We are continuously improving our data collection and management systems to fill the data gaps. DownloadGet InvolvedDesign & developed by venturerepublic.net [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/report/death-penalty-in-pakistan/ ) [367] => Array ( [objectID] => 20531 [title] => The Court is Satisfied with the Confession: Bahrain Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham Trials [timestamp] => 1665360000 [date] => 10/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-court-is-satisfied-with-the-confession-bahrain-death-sentences-follow-torture-sham-trials/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a February 2019 letter to the United Nations Office in Geneva, the government of Bahrain claimed that its courts “actually hand down very few death sentences.” In fact, since 2011, courts in Bahrain have sentenced 51 people to death, and the state has executed six since the end of a de facto moratorium on executions in 2017. As of June 2022, 26 men were on death row, and all have exhausted their appeals. Under Bahraini law, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa has the power to ratify these sentences, commute them, or grant pardons. [texte] => Skip to cookie privacy noticeSkip to main contentHelp us continue to fight human rights abuses. Please give now to support our workSummarySearchDonate NowA collage of photos of 8 different menOctober 10, 2022“The Court is Satisfied with the Confession”Bahrain Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham TrialsAvailable In English العربية(Top row): Maher Abbas al-Khabbaz; Sayed Ahmed al-Abar; Zuhair Ebrahim Jasim Abdullah; Husain Ebrahim Ali Husain Marzooq. (Bottom row): Husain Moosa; Mohamed Ramadhan; Husain Ali Mehdi; Salman Isa Ali Salman. All photos © PrivateSummaryOctober 10, 2022 News ReleaseBahrain: Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham TrialsA collage of photos of 8 different menIn a February 2019 letter to the United Nations Office in Geneva, the government of Bahrain claimed that its courts “actually hand down very few death sentences.” In fact, since 2011, courts in Bahrain have sentenced 51 people to death, and the state has executed six since the end of a de facto moratorium on executions in 2017. As of June 2022, 26 men were on death row, and all have exhausted their appeals. Under Bahraini law, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa has the power to ratify these sentences, commute them, or grant pardons. While the death penalty is not absolutely prohibited under international human rights law, article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), dealing with the right to life, requires that death sentences “may be imposed only for the most serious crimes.” In the February 2019 letter to the United Nations, the Bahraini government wrote that the death penalty is “applied solely as a penalty for extremely serious offenses, such as premeditated murder as an aggravating circumstance.” The United Nations General Assembly, beginning in 2007 and most recently in 2020, passed resolutions calling on states to impose a moratorium on their use of the death penalty. Presently, some 170 states have abolished the death penalty or introduced a moratorium on its use in law or in practice, reflecting a growing international consensus against its use.Article 14 of the ICCPR details fundamental fair trial rights, starting with the presumption of innocence. Bahrain acceded to the ICCPR on September 20, 2006. Bahrain’s constitution affirms that “an accused person is innocent until proven guilty.” The UN Human Rights Committee, which monitors state compliance with the ICCPR, has determined that in death penalty cases “scrupulous respect of the guarantees of fair trial is particularly important.”Article 7 of the ICCPR prohibits torture and ill-treatment, and article 14(3)(g) states that a person is “not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.” Bahrain is also a state party to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Bahrain’s constitution also prohibits torture and ill-treatment as well as the use of coerced confessions against criminal defendants at trial. Bahrain’s Code of Criminal Procedure includes the same prohibition against the admission of coerced confessions and other basic fair trial requirements such as access to a lawyer and the right to cross-examine witnesses.In the prosecutions resulting in death sentences examined in this report, Bahraini courts manifestly failed to protect fundamental fair trial rights as provided for in international and Bahraini law. In other cases, the courts meted out death sentences for charges not involving the gravest offenses, namely non-violent drug crimes, violating international and Bahraini law. This report documents that, in case after case, courts convicted defendants of the crime of homicide and sentenced them to death based solely or primarily on confessions that the defendants (or co-defendants) alleged were coerced through torture and ill-treatment. In these cases, courts repeatedly failed to observe the requirements of international and Bahraini law that courts ensure any allegations of torture or ill-treatment are impartially investigated and that, only if a genuine investigation deems the torture allegations unfounded, may a confession be received into evidence. These cases were plagued by other violations of key rights as well, including the right to counsel and the right to confront government witnesses. For these reasons, it is clear that the state failed to respect the presumption of innocence in the six homicide cases addressed in detail below, which resulted in eight people being sentenced to death. In the cases this report examines in detail the charged crimes were serious, typically involving the death of a police officer in a violent protest. These eight persons are among 26 currently on death row in Bahrain and they have exhausted all avenues of appeal. They can be executed once the king ratifies their sentences. The seriousness of the charges in these cases was not matched by the seriousness of the prosecutions and court rulings that resulted in the death sentences. Each case involved credible allegations of confessions extracted through torture and ill-treatment, often supported even by cursory medical examinations that government doctors conducted. In some cases, prosecutors appeared to be complicit in these abuses. In all cases, the prosecution and the courts failed to genuinely investigate, or to credit the results of those investigations that were carried out, into the alleged torture and ill-treatment.In one prosecution examined below, police arrested Maher Abbas al-Khabbaz in connection with the February 2013 killing of a police officer. Al-Khabbaz alleged that officers suspended him in the air with a metal bar and beat him in an attempt to force him to confess. A forensic doctor with the Public Prosecution Office concluded that al-Khabbaz had injuries consistent with his allegations. Police also arrested al-Khabbaz’s brother, Fadhel, in connection with the same case. Fadhel said that officers kicked him, suspended him in the air, and beat him with a hard object until he signed a “confession” he was not allowed to see. A medical report indicated that Fadhel also had injuries consistent with his allegations of abuse.The trial court sentenced Maher al-Khabbaz to death in February 2014, based on purported confessions that implicated him by Fadhel and several other defendants, who also alleged coercion. The court took no steps to investigate whether the confessions were voluntary, writing that there was no evidence that any abuse “was [done] with the intention of forcing a confession.” Thus, the court focused on the subjective intent of the officers alleged to have tortured the defendants, rather than on the critical questions of whether the defendants were tortured and the confessions resulted from the torture.An appellate court summarily affirmed Maher al-Khabbaz’s conviction, but in December 2015, the Court of Cassation reversed the judgment due to concerns about the confessions and directed the appellate court to examine the allegations of mistreatment. The appellate court ignored that directive and concluded a second time that the convictions were proper, on the same grounds it had cited in its first decision. In January 2018, the Court of Cassation inexplicably affirmed the second appellate decision even though it did nothing to address the flaws the Court of Cassation had earlier identified. As a result, al-Khabbaz today is on death row.In a different case, police arrested Zuhair Ebrahim Jasim Abdullah in November 2017 for his purported involvement in the killing of a police officer. Abdullah alleged that security officers removed his clothing and attempted to rape him, used electric shocks on his chest and genitals, deprived him of sleep for several weeks, and threatened to rape his wife. Prior to his trial, Abdullah filed complaints with the Ministry of Interior’s Office of the Ombudsman and the Special Investigation Unit (SIU), governmental bodies responsible for investigating alleged abuses. According to Abdullah, in his complaint, he claimed that he had confessed falsely to stop the torture the officers were inflicting on him.During Abdullah’s trial, he argued his confession had been coerced and that the case should be stayed until the SIU-Ombudsman investigations were complete. The court denied this request and dismissed the torture allegations, stating in its verdict that it was “assured of the validity and seriousness of [the] investigations.” The court sentenced Abdullah to death in November 2018, based almost entirely on his confession.An appellate court rejected Abdullah’s appeal, including arguments about coercion, finding that the “verdict ensured a justified and proper response” to those arguments. The appellate court concluded further it had been proper not to adjourn the case because Abdullah’s complaints were “still under investigation” – the very reason why the case should have been stayed. The Court of Cassation affirmed the verdict in June 2020.In February 2014, government officers arrested Mohamed Ramadhan and Husain Moosa in connection with the death of a police officer several days earlier. Ramadhan and Moosa claimed that security personnel subjected them to repeated torture and ill-treatment during their detention to force them to confess falsely to orchestrating the officer’s killing. Physicians from the Ministry of Interior and Public Prosecution Office concluded Moosa had various injuries in the days after his arrest – injuries that were consistent with Moosa’s claims of physical abuse.The only evidence inculpating Ramadhan and Moosa was their confessions and those of four co-defendants who also claimed they had been coerced into confessing. The trial court’s verdict did not respond to Ramadhan’s arguments about coercion or even mention that the four co-defendants had claimed coercion. The court rejected Moosa’s arguments for reasons that were contradicted by medical records, internally inconsistent in describing Moosa’s co [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/10/10/court-satisfied-confession/bahrain-death-sentences-follow-torture-sham-trials ) [368] => Array ( [objectID] => 20447 [title] => Joint statement on the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals [timestamp] => 1665360000 [date] => 10/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-20th-anniversary-joint-statement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/intersectionality-500x250.jpg [extrait] => 20th World Day against the Death Penalty On this 20th anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the link between torture and the use of the death penalty and in continuation of the 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, sentenced to death, executed, pardoned […] [texte] => 20th World Day against the Death PenaltyOn this 20th anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the link between torture and the use of the death penalty and in continuation of the 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, sentenced to death, executed, pardoned or charged with a capital crime and found not guilty, the members of the World Coalition and allies of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death take this opportunity to:Draw attention to gender bias in the use of torture in the judicial process leading to the imposition of the death penalty. Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals are particularly at risk to abuse, including physical, sexual, and psychological torture. In addition, women victims of gender-based violence, who are over-represented on death row, are at risk of making false confessions when subjected to coercive investigative methods, especially those carried out by men. Emphasize that violence against women and LGBTQIA+ individuals in detention - including gender and sexual abuse and harassment, inappropriate touching during searches, rape, and sexual coercion - can rise to the level of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Convention Against Torture (CAT), among others.Accentuate that women and LGBTQIA+ individuals have specific needs, including sexual and reproductive health care, medical and mental health care, harm reduction services for those using drugs, and protection from gender-based violence, among others. These needs are not systematically considered and covered in prisons, which can turn detention into torture. Stress that in many countries, particularly those with the mandatory death penalty, women and LGBTQIA+ individuals may be sentenced to death without considering their experiences of gender-based violence, among their other vulnerability aspects, prior to incarceration.More broadly, the members of the World Coalition and allies of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death and at risk of being sentenced to death wish to use this 20th anniversary to:Emphasize that, as done by the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions in its 2022 report, the death penalty as currently practiced can be considered as torture. Call attention to the intersectional discrimination and inequalities that women and LGBTQIA+ individuals face, as these can negatively impact the judicial process leading to the death penalty. Pervasive gender biases in criminal legal systems influence: the investigation, through gender bias by law enforcement; the trial, where marginalized women and LGBTQIA+ individuals tend to be denied fair trial; and at the sentencing stage, where mitigating circumstances that might benefit women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death are not considered.Recall that, in violation of international human right law and standards, 12 countries continue to criminalize consensual same-sex relations, imposing the death penalty upon conviction. Address the recognition of the intersectional dimension of discrimination. An analysis of the profiles of women sentenced to death reveals that most are from ethnic and racial minorities, are non-literate, and live with intellectual or psychological disabilities, often as a result of the gender-based violence they have suffered. Gender-based discrimination does not operate in isolation but is compounded by other forms of discrimination, including discrimination based on age, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, sex characteristics, economic status, and disability, among others.Make visible the lack of accurate and up-to-date data on the number and status of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death, executed, or whose death sentences have been commuted or pardoned.We recommend that governments in countries that still retain the death penalty:Abolish the death penalty for all offences, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics;Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty, as called for by the UN General Assembly in its resolutions calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty;Pending full abolition, we call on governments to:Eliminate the death penalty for offences that do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” under international law and standards including same-sex relationships and drug offences;Repeal provisions that allow for the mandatory imposition of the death penalty, which does not allow judges to consider the circumstances of the offence for the defendant at sentencing;Commute the sentences of women sentenced to death for killing close family members who perpetrated gender-based violence against them and for women sentenced to death for drug trafficking and other offenses that do not involve the loss of human life; Acknowledge the compounding forms of violence and discrimination experienced by girls, women and LGBTQIA+ individuals – including gender-based violence, early and forced marriage; Review laws, criminal procedures, and judicial practices and implement policies and legislative reforms to protect women and LGBTQIA+ individuals from violence and discrimination;Ensure that the criminal legal system takes full account of any mitigating factors linked to women’s and LGBTQIA+ individuals’ backgrounds, including evidence of prior abuse as well as psycho-social and intellectual disabilities;Ensure publicly available disaggregated data on people sentenced to death, their profile, age, gender, the courts that have pronounced the judgements charges and places of detention;Prevent the disproportionate detention and prosecution of women for “moral and sexual” crimes and of people for their sexual orientation and decriminalize such offenses;Promote the training of all those involved in the investigation, legal defense, prosecution, trial, adjudication and conviction of crimes involving women on gender-based discrimination and violence, pathways to crime, and gender-sensitive mitigations;Ensure that all those facing the death penalty have access to free and effective legal representation by counsel with experience representing individuals charged with capital offences and who are trained to recognize and bring forward mitigating factors, including those linked to gender-based discrimination and violence;Develop and implement programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination, and to promote the human rights of women, girls and LGBTQIA individuals+;Guarantee access to consular assistance for foreign women charged with death-eligible offenses, as required by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations; In accordance with the Bangkok Rules and the Mandela Rules, adopt gender-sensitive policies regarding the detention of women, ensuring their safety and security before trial, during admission to prison, and while incarcerated.Signatory organizations:ACAT GermanyAdvocAidThe Advocates for Human RightsAmerican Constitution SocietyAnti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Association pour les Droits Humains au Kurdistan d'Iran-Genève (KMMK-G)Avocats sans frontières FranceCapital Punishment Justice ProjectCenter for Constitutional RightsCoalition Tunisienne Contre la Peine de mortColegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto RicoCornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideThe Death Penalty ProjectDroit et PaixEnsemble Contre la Peine de MortFederal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in the Federal Republic of GermanyFédération internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH)Fédération internationale des ACAT (FIACAT)Forum Marocain pour la Vérité et la JusticeGender Violence Clinic - University of Maryland Carey School of LawGerman Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltGlobal Alliance Against Traffic in WomenGreater Caribbean for LifeHarm Reduction InternationalHuman Rights Activists in IranHuman Rights and Legal Profession Project AssistantInternational Commission of JuristInstitute for Criminal Justice ReformInstitute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of LawyersIraQueerItalian Federation for Human RightsJapan Innocence and Death Penalty Information CenterKenya Human Rights CommissionLawyers Collective IndiaLembaga Bantuan Hukum MasyarakatLigue des droits de l’Homme (LDH)Madrid Bar AssociationMASUM & PACTIMouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP)Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA)Pax Christi UviraPenal Reform InternationalPersatuan Sahabat Wanita SelangorRed para la Abolición de la Pena de Muerte y las Penas CruelesResilient Women's OrganizationPlanète Réfugiés-Droits de l'HommeThe Rights PracticeSandigan KuwaitThe Sentencing ProjectSociety for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO)Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP)Terre des Femmes e.V.The Texas After Violence ProjectUnion Chrétienne pour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits de l'HommeThe William Gomes PodcastWitness to InnocenceWomen Beyond WallsThe Women and Harm Reduction InternationalWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [369] => Array ( [objectID] => 20547 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2022 [timestamp] => 1665100800 [date] => 07/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2021. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. [texte] => 8Part I: Introductory Essayby Sandra Babcock7The Role of Defence Lawyers in Capital CasesLawyers who defend those facing the death penalty often receive little sympathy fortheir struggles. Their clients have often caused terrible suffering, and lawyers appearbeside those clients in court and defend them against accusations of wrongdoing. Yetcapital defence lawyers fill a vital role in criminal justice systems around the world.Their presence beside the defendant protects individuals against the excesses of statepower and helps guard against wrongful convictions and death sentences. Withoutdefence lawyers, criminal prosecutions would be inquisitions.Yet capital defence lawyers around the world face unique challenges that have largelyescaped the notice of the international community. In contrast to prosecutors, whoreceive far more resources and training opportunities and who rely on police officersto assist them in investigating and presenting evidence, defence lawyers in mostcountries receive little to no support for investigation, transportation, or expert assistance.On top of the financial hardships and difficult working conditions, capitaldefence lawyers are targets of harassment, government surveillance and public opprobrium.Lawyers in countries around the world have been arrested, interrogated,attacked and disbarred for their work on behalf of capital defendants.8Even in resource-rich countries, capital defence lawyers face unique challenges. Asa young lawyer defending people on death row in Texas, in the United States, I waspart of an organization that was the frequent target of politicians who objected to ourwork on behalf of condemned prisoners. They vilified us when we were successfulin preventing executions. They sought to eliminate our sources of funding and were7 Clinical Professor, Cornell Law School. Faculty Director and Founder, Cornell Center on the Death PenaltyWorldwide.8 Sandra Babcock, “An Unfair Fight for Justice: Legal Representation of Persons Facing the Death Penalty”,in Carol S. Steiker & Jordan M. Steiker, Eds., Comparative Capital Punishment, (Cheltenham, UK, 2019), pp.103-05. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/527082.pdf ) [370] => Array ( [objectID] => 20387 [title] => Termes de référence – Évaluation sensible au genre de la Journée Mondiale 2021 [timestamp] => 1665100800 [date] => 07/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/termes-de-reference-evaluation-sensible-au-genre-de-la-journee-mondiale-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/FR_WCADP_TDR_GenderSensitiveEvaluationWorldDay2021_30.09.pdf ) [371] => Array ( [objectID] => 20378 [title] => Terms of Reference – Gender-sensitive evaluation of the 2021 World Day Against [timestamp] => 1665100800 [date] => 07/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/terms-of-reference-gender-sensitive-evaluation-of-the-2021-world-day-against/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/EN_WCADP_TDR_GenderSensitiveEvaluationWorldDay2021_30.09.pdf ) [372] => Array ( [objectID] => 20358 [title] => UN Special Procedures toolkit – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1664150400 [date] => 26/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/referral-to-the-un-special-procedures-on-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). Find out how to work with them here. [texte] => 120th WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYREFERRAL TO THE SPECIAL PROCEDURES OF THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL:TORTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTYI. Introduction: What are the UN special procedures and how do they work?II. Why should civil society use the UN special procedures?III. How do I request an intervention from the special procedures?IV. How can we ensure that the intersectional discrimination faced by women and LGBTQIA+ people on death row is made visible in the use of the UN Special Procedures?AnnexI. Introduction: What are UN special procedures and how do they work?Although the methods in this tool are applicable to many other issues beyond capital punishment, this practical guide has been written at the occasion of the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty, on how to engage with the United Nations (UN) special procedures to draw attention to the link between the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). This tool was written for lawyers and civil society organizations who may be interested in working with the various UN human rights mechanisms, among them the special procedures, but may not know how to get started. This tool was written by the International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) with contributions from Amnesty International and Penal Reform International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.20 YEARS OF RAISING AWARNESS2002-20222Torture, prohibited in all circumstances by Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a peremptory norm of international law and thus cannot be derogated. Nevertheless, the death penalty is lawful under international law, if applied in full respect of international restrictions and safeguards, as per the narrowly construed exception under article 6 to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Various reflections and interpretations of the international law today point to a growing recognition of the death penalty as a form of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP).There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC).Special procedures are established by the HRC to examine, monitor, report and make recommendations on the human rights situation in a specific country or territory, or on a thematic area. They are independent human rights experts or groups of experts, who are independent from governments and therefore play an important role in monitoring the authorities and their policies around the world. As of July 1, 2022, there are 58 special procedures (45 thematic mandates1 and 13 country mandates2).To establish the link between the death penalty and torture, the following most relevant thematic mandates can be identified3 (but many other thematic mandates can be found related to the death penalty):• the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.• the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.• the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.A directory of special procedures mandate holders is available on the website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)4.Special procedures mandate holders carry titles of special rapporteurs or independent experts. However, some procedures consist of working groups, which are composed of five members, one from each UN regional group. Mandate-holders mostly act in their personal capacity, which means that they are not paid for their work and do not represent their country of nationality. However, they are usually supported by a UN staff member, appointed, and paid by the OHCHR Secretariat5.The special procedures have main four tools at their disposal.1. Communications: One of the tools of the special procedures is direct communication with governments or other actors (such as companies or for example the EU) through letters6. The special procedures will act on information1 List of thematic mandates:https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?Type=TM&lang=En2 List of country mandates: https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?lang=En3 Detailed information on these thematic mandates is available in the annex to this document.4 Directory of special procedures mandate holders: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/VisualDirectoryJuly2020_en.pdf5 Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council: https://ijrcenter.org/un-special-procedures/6 What can a letter consist of? This letter was drafted by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders in November 2018:3received from relevant and credible sources. In these letters, they draw attention to allegations of human rights violations received from NGOs or individuals and request clarification from the government. The letter may concern7:a. past human rights violations - this letter is also called a "letter of allegation”b. current or potential human rights violations - this letter is also called an "urgent appeal”c. concerns about legislation that does not meet international standards- these are called “other letters”. Independent experts have written submissions about people who have been tortured and sentenced to death, see for example:- Case of Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Faraj (Saudi Arabia), 25 February 20228“We also wish to respectfully express our concern at the reported case of Mr. Al-Faraj who appears to have been sentenced to death without due process and fair trial, including lack of access to adequate legal assistance, therefore contrary to Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); could not resort to any remedy to challenge the lawfulness of his detention (Article 9, UDHR); and was allegedly subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and was forced to sign a confession under torture, contrary to Articles 1, 2, 15 and 16 of the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), which was ratified by Saudi Arabia in 1997.”2. Country visits: In order to observe and understand the human rights context of a country, special procedures may seek agreement of a government to travel to that country and meet with relevant parties, such as government officials and human rights defenders. To strengthen their collaboration with the special procedures, many states have issued a standing invitation for any mandate holder to visit9. The special procedures can also provide advice for technical cooperation.3. Annual reports and thematic studies: all special procedures submit an annual report to the Human Rights Council. This report presents the work undertaken by the expert during the year, including communications and country visits and examines emerging trends. The reports are presented in plenary by the mandate-holders and are subject to an interactive dialogue with States and NGOs. Most also report to the UN General Assembly. These reports often contain a study on a topic related to a mandate. These thematic studies are based on information from their investigations, from their dialogue with States or from civil society through calls for contributions and contribute to the development of international human rights law.For example, the previous Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan E. Méndez, makes the link betweenhttps://academy.ishr.ch/upload/resources_and_tools/SP_module_sample_communicationsUA_TURKMEKISTAN.pdf7 For more information about the communications: https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures-human-rights-council/what-are-communications8 Communication about Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Faraj https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=271139 Updated list of States that have issued a standing invitation to the Special Procedures - https://spinternet.ohchr.org/StandingInvitations.aspx?lang=En4torture and the death penalty in his August 9, 2012 report. As such, he stated in the said report that:" …especially relevant to the emergence of a customary norm to consider the death penalty as running afoul of the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, is evidence of a consistent global practice by States that reflects the view that the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in breach of those standards is a violation per se of the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. This conclusion originates from the fact that international law does not attribute a different value to the right to life of different groups of human beings, such as juveniles, persons with mental disabilities, pregnant women or persons sentenced after an unfair trial, but considers the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in such cases as particularly cruel, inhuman and degrading and in violation of article 7 of the Covenant and articles 1 and 16 of the Convention against Torture.”104. Press releases: Special Procedures can also engage in advocacy and raise public awareness of situations of concerns through press releases and statements, including by calling on the international community to act to respond to such a situation, mostly through the HRC.II. Why should civil society use the special procedures?Any individual, civil society organization, intergovernmental entity, or even a national human rights body can approach the special procedures. There are two main reasons why it is beneficial for lawyers, NGOs, and other members of civil society to bring cases to the special procedures on behalf of their clients and victims facing the death penalty or arbitrary detention.• NGO submissions to the special procedures can trigger a process of dialog [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WD2022_How-to-Mecanismes-ONU-EN_v1.1.pdf ) [373] => Array ( [objectID] => 20213 [title] => [timestamp] => 1663718400 [date] => 21/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/frequently-asked-questions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [374] => Array ( [objectID] => 21507 [title] => Estimating the effect of death penalty moratoriums on homicide rates using the synthetic control method [timestamp] => 1663459200 [date] => 18/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/estimating-the-effect-of-death-penalty-moratoriums-on-homicide-rates-using-the-synthetic-control-method/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Research examining death penalty deterrence has been characterized as inconclusive and uninformative. The present analysis heeds a recommendation from prior research to examine single-state changes in death penalty policy using the synthetic control method. Data from the years 1979–2019 were used to construct synthetic controls and estimate the effects of death penalty moratoriums on homicide rates in Illinois, New Jersey, Washington, and Pennsylvania. Moratoriums on capital punishment resulted in nonsignificant homicide reductions in all four states. [texte] => erhaps no other idea has influenced criminal justice policy in the United States more than deterrence. Predicated on a fundamental assumption that humans are rational actors who seek to avoid pain, deterrence theory posits that punishment, or the threat of punishment, discourages individuals from committing crime. As is the case with other punitive measures imposed by the judicial system (e.g., incarceration), the death penalty is hypothesized to represent a punishment of such consequence that it deters homicide in society at-large, in addition to incapacitating the individual convicted of the offense. A potential death penalty deterrent effect rests not only on the assumption that humans are rational actors who calculate the costs and benefits of their actions, but also that the statutes dictating the possible consequences of such actions are known to the public. Of the three deterrence elements—certainty, severity, and celerity—any deterrent effect stemming from the death penalty is expected to operate primarily through the severity of the punishment given that it is infrequently imposed and not sentenced in a celeritous fashion.Since capital punishment was reinstated in 1976, 1550 people have been executed in the United States (Death Penalty Information Center, n.d.-a). More executions have been carried out by the state governments of Texas, Oklahoma, and Florida than all other states combined (with Texas accounting for 37% of all executions) (Death Penalty Information Center, 2021a). Other states have not carried out an execution since capital punishment was reinstated and/or have moved to abolish or temporarily prohibit the death penalty in the form of moratoriums. In the past 40 years, 16 states have implemented death penalty moratoriums or abolished the death penalty altogether (Death Penalty Information Center, n.d.-b). Following the abolition of the death penalty in Virginia in March of 2021, 24 states have retained the death penalty as a formal sanction (Death Penalty Information Center, 2021a).Given the nature of capital punishment and the core elements of deterrence, few, if any, state-sanctioned punishments are predicated so heavily on the principle of deterrence. Likewise, no other punishment exacts its penalty with such finality, thereby making judgments of its effectiveness a theoretical and empirical undertaking worth pursuing. Much of the existing research examining the death penalty's capacity to deter can be characterized as highly sensitive. Findings from influential studies such as Dezhbakhsh et al. (2003) suggest that executions have a substantial deterrent effect (e.g., as many as 52 lives saved per execution in some analyses [Donohue & Wolfers, 2005]). Other studies, often replications or critical reviews reanalyzing prior work, have noted null effects or deterrent effects that are highly sensitive to econometric corrections or modest specification changes. Similarly, changes in operationalization of execution risk based on strong assumptions can alter the estimated effect of the death penalty from a sanction that deters to one that brutalizes.The extent to which a potential deterrent effect applies to death penalty statutes is unclear. Therefore, state-level policy analyses are needed to better understand the impact of death penalty policies on homicide rates. The present analysis uses the synthetic control method (SCM)—a data-driven technique that does not involve unverifiable assumptions about execution risk—to assess whether the effects of state changes in death penalty policy on homicide rates are consistent with a hypothesized deterrent effect. Synthetic control estimation is an intuitive approach that uses a weighted combination of potential control states to approximate what would have happened had a policy not changed. The effects of moratoriums are estimated by comparing the postintervention homicide rates of the state that implemented a moratorium and the “synthetic” counterfactual (composed of states that retained the death penalty).1 LITERATURE REVIEWDeterrence theoryA fundamental premise of deterrence theory is that the threat of sanctions can effectively discourage criminal offending. Sanctions that are perceived as being more severe, certain, and administered swiftly are theorized to have a greater deterrent capacity than those which are less severe, less likely, and slowly imposed. Although a punishment of death is no more certain or swift than the imposition of a lengthy prison sentence, the possibility of receiving a more severe punishment could theoretically have a general deterrent effect on homicide. Likewise, the “removal” of capital punishment as a possible sanction, whether via moratorium or abolition, could result in an “increase” in homicide.There are two distinct processes by which the death penalty may deter homicide: (1) the application or frequency of executions may significantly influence the perceived risk of execution, thereby deterring an individual from committing homicide; or (2) the mere existence of an active death penalty statute, regardless of the frequency of imposition, may pose a sufficient threat in and of itself to increase the perceived costs of offending. Indeed, operationalizations of execution risk in the death penalty literature involve either the frequency of execution or the existence of an active death penalty policy (Kovandzic et al., 2009).A general deterrent effect is contingent upon potential offenders carefully weighing the costs and benefits of crime. However, it is unclear what proportion of homicides may be deterrable by a threat of sanctions that requires a rational calculus of risks. As noted by Kovandzic et al. (2009), it is unlikely that perpetrators of homicide experiencing emotional distress or those under the influence of drugs first carefully weigh the potential costs of their offenses, let alone the differential impact that capital punishment may carry throughout a lengthy prison sentence. The assumption that potential offenders could have an “accurate” perception of the possible sanction risks stemming from homicide is also questionable (Nagin, 2013a).Notwithstanding the criticisms of accurate perceptions described above, it remains plausible that the prospect of the death penalty stemming from a state's capital punishment status may hold some deterrent capacity.Death penalty researchResearch throughout the past several decades has outlined persistent discrimination and arbitrariness in prosecutorial decisions to seek the death penalty. Such practices were, in part, the basis of the Supreme Court's original decision to strike down the death penalty as unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia, with Justice Stewart writing that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments could not tolerate death sentences “under legal systems that permit this unique penalty to be so wantonly and so freakishly imposed” (Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 [1972], p. 310). Nonetheless, following the reinstatement of capital punishment in Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), studies have found that extra-legal factors significantly influence prosecutors’ decisions to seek the death penalty. Research suggests that prosecutors are more likely to seek capital murder charges against defendants in cases involving White victims than Black victims (Baldus et al., 1990; Jacoby & Paternoster, 1982; Paternoster, 1983; Songer & Unah, 2006). Further, disparities in prosecutors’ decisions to seek the death penalty are more pronounced in cases with Black defendants and White victims (Baldus et al., 1990; Jacoby & Paternoster, 1982; Keil & Vito, 2006; Radelet & Pierce, 1985; Sorensen & Wallace, 1999; Unah, 2009). In addition to the arbitrary and discriminatory use of capital punishment, there is a long-standing debate as to whether the death penalty actually deters.For many years, researchers have estimated the effect of the death penalty on homicide rates using econometric methods. With few exceptions, the most influential studies have used instrumental variables estimation or some form of least squares regression to analyze panel data in the post-Gregg era (i.e., after 1976). Following a decade of renewed interest in death penalty research, the National Research Council for the National Academies concluded in a 2012 report that “research to date on the effect of capital punishment on homicide is not informative about whether capital punishment decreases, increases, or has no effect on homicide rates” (National Research Council et al., 2012, p. 2). As the following section will illustrate, much of the evidence of a death penalty deterrent effect is sensitive to changes in model specification, operationalizations of execution risk, study periods, the exclusion of highly influential states, the handling of standard errors that is consistent with current standard practices, or other methodological decisions (e.g., including control states in analyses). Taken as a whole, the existing body of research purporting to find a deterrent effect associated with the death penalty is far from conclusive (see also Chalfin et al., 2013; Chalfin & McCrary, 2017; Donohue & Wolfers, 2005, 2009; Kovandzic et al., 2009).The differences that account for discordant findings among researchers originated in the 1970s. In his rebuke of Thorsten Sellin's study that found no evidence of a death penalty deterrent effect using matching techniques, Ehrlich's (1975) national time-series analysis covering 1933–1969 noted a significant negative relationship between execution risk and homicide (Baldus & Cole, 1975). Ehrlich's analysis played a central role in the decision to reinstate capital punishment in Gregg v. Georgia; the Solicitor General cited Ehrlich's findings in an amicus brief while criticizing the approach used by Sellin (Baldus & Cole, 1975). However, as Justice Marshall wrote in his dissent in Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), Ehrlich's findings suffer from an aggregation pro [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9133.12601 ) [375] => Array ( [objectID] => 20198 [title] => Statement of international solidarity with the families of people sentenced to death in Iran [timestamp] => 1663200000 [date] => 15/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-of-solidarity-with-families-of-people-sentenced-to-death-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/statement-august22-iran-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty express its solidarity with the families and relatives of people who are sentenced to death in Iran and with the civil society organizations supporting them. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty express its solidarity with the families and relatives of people who are sentenced to death in Iran and with the civil society organizations supporting them. (more…) "Statement of international solidarity with the families of people sentenced to death in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [376] => Array ( [objectID] => 20121 [title] => Mid-terms: A first half of 2022 rich in abolitions [timestamp] => 1663027200 [date] => 13/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/main-events-of-the-first-semester-of-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/mid-term-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The first six months of 2022 have been rich for the abolitionist community with two new abolitionist countries and a new ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there […] [texte] => The first six months of 2022 have been rich for the abolitionist community with two new abolitionist countries and a new ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there have been significant increases in executions.The year 2022 is off to a flying startThe first month of 2022 set the tone for the abolitionist community with the announcement of the abolition of the death penalty in Papua New Guinea on January 20, 2022. The Central African Republicfollowed a few months later, enacting a law abolishing the death penalty in legislation on June 27. It officially became the 24th African state to abolish the death penalty.Other states seem inclined to abolish the death penalty in the coming months. The President of the Republic of Zambia affirmed his commitment to the abolition of the death penalty on May 24 by commuting 30 death sentences and submitting a death penalty abolition bill to Parliament. He said at the time: We believe in showing strength through our compassion and we believe in rights for all citizens, including the right to lifeIn Malaysia, the government cabinet announced on June 10, 2022, an agreement to abolish the mandatory death penalty in national law and to submit a bill to Parliament to allow for alternative sentencing where the offence carries the mandatory death penalty. A similar statement was made by the previous prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, but the bill was ultimately not considered by parliament due to the collapse of the coalition government in February 2020.Finally, after enacting a law abolishing the death penalty in early 2022, Kazakhstan ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, which it had already committed to ratify three years earlier.While these many announcements promise a successful year for the abolitionist community, there are still a few concerning points to mention.Worrying developments in the countries that apply the death penalty the mostThe death penalty continues to be widely used in the United States, and there are several grey areas. While some states, such as Ohio and Tennessee, have temporarily halted executions, the state of Oklahoma has resumed executions after a 6-year hiatus following several botched executions. There have been 8 executions to date in the United States, and several of those executed had intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and 9 executions are still scheduled for the second half of 2022: 4 in Oklahoma, 4 in Texas, and 1 in Alabama.The number of executions in Iran has risen alarmingly. While 117 executions were recorded in the first half of 2021, this year more than double that number was recorded in the same period, with 251 people executed. 137 executions took place after the start of the national protests on May 7, 2022. Mahmoud Amiry-Moghaddam, director of Iran Human Rights NGO said: Undoubtedly, the widespread executions are used by the authorities to instil fear in society to prevent further anti-government protests. Raising the political cost of the executions through popular campaigns and added international pressure can stop this wave of executions.See the statement shared by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty about the increase in executions in Iran.Executions have also increased alarmingly in Saudi Arabia. In 6 months, the country has already almost doubled the number of executions recorded for the whole of 2021, with 110 executions as of 6 July 2022, compared to 67 in 2021. On March 12, no fewer than 81 people were executed, often on the basis of confessions obtained under torture and following trials that did not meet the standards set by international law. Forty-one of them were members of the Shiite Muslim minority. This mass execution, the largest in years, was condemned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, who said the executions were violations of human rights and humanitarian law and could even be a war crime. Among the 110 executions recorded there are several minors. The country continues to sentence to death and execute people who were minors at the time of the crime, in violation of international law.In Singapore, the government ordered the execution of Abdul Kahar bin Othman on March 30 after he was sentenced to the mandatory death penalty for drug-related offences, after a two-year hiatus. A total of 10 people has been executed in Singapore in four months. Among them was Nagaenthran Dharmalingam, who was executed on 27 April after being diagnosed with intellectual and cognitive disabilities. This practice is prohibited by international law, as is the mandatory death penalty and the death penalty for ordinary crimes, three practices that are nevertheless in force in Singapore.The second half of 2022 promises to be just as rich. The Republic of Zambia could become the 3rd country to abolish the death penalty in 2022, and Malaysia could take another step towards abolition by abolishing the mandatory death penalty in the country. The situation in Singapore, however, needs to be closely monitored, as much as for the other top executing countries. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [377] => Array ( [objectID] => 20045 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2022! [timestamp] => 1662681600 [date] => 09/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/19-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-events-map-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Take action now! The 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty > Find out more about the World […] [texte] => Take action now!The 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.> Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty> Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, and more!> Click on the map and calendar to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country.> Organizing an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of Events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [378] => Array ( [objectID] => 19383 [title] => Death penalty: Singapore’s growing abolition movement [timestamp] => 1662336000 [date] => 05/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-singapores-growing-abolition-movement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/candelight-vigil-Singapore-gettyimages-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Article first published by the Interpreter Public support for capital punishment isn’t as overwhelmingand unshakeable as the government often portrays it to be. [texte] => Article first published by the InterpreterPublic support for capital punishment isn’t as overwhelmingand unshakeable as the government often portrays it to be. (more…) "Death penalty: Singapore’s growing abolition movement" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [379] => Array ( [objectID] => 20002 [title] => The American Constitution Society (ACS) [timestamp] => 1662336000 [date] => 05/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-american-constitution-society-acs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ACS-Logo_horiz.color_.web_.RGB_-500x114.jpg [extrait] => The American Constitution Society (ACS) is a United States-based network of progressive lawyers, law students, judges, policymakers, legislators, and academics dedicated to realizing the promises of the U.S. Constitution by advancing and defending democracy, justice, equality, and liberty; securing a government that serves the public interest; and guarding against the abuse of law and the […] [texte] => The American Constitution Society (ACS) is a United States-based network of progressive lawyers, law students, judges, policymakers, legislators, and academics dedicated to realizing the promises of the U.S. Constitution by advancing and defending democracy, justice, equality, and liberty; securing a government that serves the public interest; and guarding against the abuse of law and the concentration of power.ACS interprets the U.S. Constitution based on its text and against the backdrop of history and lived experience. In collaboration with our nationwide network, ACS works to uphold the Constitution by ensuring that the law is a force for protecting our democracy and the public interest and for improving people’s lives.Through our public programs (over 1,400 debates, conferences, and press briefings across America each year), publications, and active online presence, ACS generates intellectual capital for ready use by progressive allies and shapes debates on key legal and public policy issues including the death penalty and criminal legal reform more broadly, access to courts, voting, equality, immigration, workers’ rights, and many others.ACS nurtures the next generation of progressive lawyers, judges, policy experts, legislators, and academics by providing opportunities for networking, mentoring, and organizing around matters of local, national, and international significance.To learn more about ACS’s work on the death penalty, visit https://www.acslaw.org/projects/death-penalty-resources/. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [380] => Array ( [objectID] => 20346 [title] => (Not) Talking about Capital Punishment in the Xi Jinping Era [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/not-talking-about-capital-punishment-in-the-xi-jinping-era/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An investigation into the death penalty in the People’s Republic of China in the Xi Jinping era (2012–) shows that unlike previous administrations, Xi does not appear to have articulated a signature death penalty policy. Where policy in China is unclear, assessing both the quality and frequency of discourse on the topic can provide evidence regarding an administration’s priorities. This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2478Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)79 © The Author/s 2022(Not) Talking about Capital Punishment in the XiJinping EraTobias SmithOhlone College, United StatesMatthew RobertsonThe Australian National University, AustraliaSusan TrevaskesGriffith University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; China; Xi Jinping; discourse.IntroductionThe goal of this paper is to shed light on the death penalty in the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) under the XiJinping administration (2012–). Historically, China’s leaders have played a significant role in framing death penalty practice ata national scale, typically in conjunction with broader social policy. China’s former leaders Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping andHu Jintao introduced new death penalty policies that led to the execution or clemency of hundreds of thousands, tens ofthousands and thousands of people annually, respectively (Johnson and Zimring 2009; Smith 2020b; Trevaskes 2015; Yang2008). China is the largest jurisdiction in the world that retains the death penalty and one of the world’s most active executionerstates (Amnesty International 2022: 7); therefore, a Chinese administration’s death penalty policy influences not only the scaleof execution in China but also the overall scale of execution globally. Thus, shifts in death penalty policy within China areglobally significant death penalty events.Until recently, scholars writing on the death penalty in China did not have cause to ask: what is the PRC’s current death penaltypolicy? This is because, in past political periods, central death penalty policy was clearly identifiable. Successiveadministrations adopted new criminal justice initiatives framed using policy catchphrases (e.g., ‘Strike Hard’ under DengXiaoping; ‘Balancing Leniency and Severity’ under Hu Jintao) that centred on or prominently featured the death penalty. StateIn this paper, we investigate the death penalty in the People’s Republic of China in the Xi Jinping era (2012–). Unlikeprevious administrations, Xi does not appear to have articulated a signature death penalty policy. Where policy inChina is unclear, assessing both the quality and frequency of discourse on the topic can provide evidence regardingan administration’s priorities. Therefore, we analyse death penalty discourse during Xi’s tenure and compare it withdiscourse under his predecessors. We base our analysis on three large datasets assembled for this project—thecollected works of China’s leaders, a complete corpus of The People’s Daily and a database of academic publicationsin China. We find no references to the death penalty in Xi Jinping’s speeches. We also find a decline in The People’sDaily coverage of the death penalty beginning in 2015 and a sharp decrease in academic publications on capitalpunishment beginning in 2011. Our findings indicate that discourse on the death penalty has declined in the Xi era.We argue that the death penalty has been demobilised under Xi as a discursive site of political signalling. Finally,we conclude with some observations about discursive silence.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Smith, Robertson and Trevaskes80media and academic publications touted these initiatives. Therefore, research on the death penalty in China centred not on whatconstituted official death penalty policy but rather on why or how leaders chose to adopt death penalty policy, as well as whatconsequences followed from policy.1During periods of major political, social or economic change in China, the death penalty has featured as a hallmark of leaders’governance platforms. The last major articulation of a death penalty platform occurred under Hu Jintao, who ushered in majordeath penalty reform in the early 2000s as part of his broader governance agenda. In the current era, Xi Jinping has made thediscourse of ‘Governing the Nation in Accordance with the Law’ (and accompanying discourse on the need to ‘deepen reform’)a hallmark of his overall governance plan to effect the China ‘Dream of National Rejuvenation’ (Creemers and Trevaskes2020).It would be reasonable to assume that given the past importance of the death penalty to leaders’ overall political narratives,coupled with Xi’s stated intent to deepen reform, the Xi administration would feature capital punishment in its politicalplatform. Yet, unlike past administrations, the Xi administration—as considered here after over more than a decade in power—does not appear to have done so. It is not obvious that Xi himself has articulated a strong policy position on the death penalty;nor has he obviously carried forward Hu-era reforms. Instead, the Xi administration seems to have fallen silent on the deathpenalty. If a central tenet of Xi’s governance platform is ‘Governing the Nation in Accordance with the Law’ (Trevaskes 2018;Creemers and Trevaskes 2020) (and under that banner, the promise to ‘deepen reform’), why is it so difficult to identify deathpenalty legal reform (or policy) under the Xi administration?This puzzle has prompted us to frame this project around the following questions: how much has the death penalty beendiscussed in China in the Xi era, and what, if anything, can this discussion tell us about a distinctive death penalty policy—orits absence—under Xi? To answer these questions, we analyse 1) leaders’ speeches and officially compiled written works, 2)state media coverage of the death penalty and 3) academic publications on the death penalty. We also compare Xi-era discoursein these sources to that of previous administrations.The research approach in the empirical sections of this paper differs from previous work on the death penalty in China and,particularly, the authors’ previous work (e.g., Trevaskes 2012; Smith and Jiang 2019). The typical approach to research on thedeath penalty in China begins with a policy or practice that is well-defined and publicised by a particular administration (e.g.,Mao’s ‘Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries’ or Deng’s ‘Strike Hard Campaign’), develops a research questionaround that policy (e.g., where did the policy come from? How many people were executed under it?) and then analyses officialand semi-official sources to answer the question (see e.g., Lewis 2011; Miao 2016; Tanner 1999; Trevaskes 2008, 2015; Yang2008).In contrast, the empirical investigation in this paper involves an inductive approach using large-scale computational methods.These methods can uncover patterns and identify trends that previous approaches could not. Such methods are increasinglycommon in the social sciences (Edelmann et al. 2020; Conway 2013) and the field of China studies (e.g., Liebman et al. 2020;Wu 2014) but have not yet been employed in research on the death penalty in China. While there are high fixed technical costsinvolved in web scraping, database management and automated text analysis, these methods are likely to become more commonin China studies, given restrictions on fieldwork and heightened risk to scholars’ safety (Harlan 2019; Agence France-Presse2021).Our approach to exploring the research questions in the empirical data sections is discourse-based and rooted in three largedatasets. Each dataset has been constructed specifically for the purpose of this study. The three datasets cover official statementsby Chinese leaders, media reports in China’s paper of record and academic publications on capital punishment in China’slargest scholarly database.Because China’s leaders set policy, we began by searching for statements made by Xi himself about the death penalty and thencomparing them to previous administrations. This first dataset covers leaders’ official speeches and collected works, includingstatements from the first decade of Xi’s tenure.The PRC is an illiberal regime in which media is closely tied to the state; therefore, central policy on capital punishment istightly bound to state media reporting. Thus, after examining statements by China’s leaders, we examined the news. Our seconddataset is a corpus of all articles published in The People’s Daily, China’s paper of record and an official mouthpiece of thecentral leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party or CCP) (Wu 1994; Wang, Sparks and Huang 2018). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2478-Article-Text-9830-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [381] => Array ( [objectID] => 20338 [title] => Framing Death Penalty Politics in Malaysia [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/framing-death-penalty-politics-in-malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty in Malaysia is a British colonial legacy that has undergone significant scrutiny in recent times. While the Malaysian Federal Constitution 1957 provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty save in accordance with law’, there are several criminal offences (including drug-related crimes) that impose the mandatory and discretionary death penalty. Using Benford and Snow’s framing processes, this paper reviews death penalty politics in Malaysia by analysing the rhetoric of abolitionists and retentionists. The abolitionists, comprising activist lawyers and non-government organisations, tend to use ‘human rights’ and ‘injustice’ frames, which humanise the ‘criminal’ and gain international support. The retentionists, such as victims’ families, use a ‘victims’ justice’ frame emphasising the ‘inhuman’ nature of violent crimes. In addition, the retentionist state shifts between ‘national security’ and ‘national development’ frames. This paper finds that death penalty politics in Malaysia is predominantly a politics of framing.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2476Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)57 © The Author/s 2022Framing Death Penalty Politics in MalaysiaThaatchaayini KananatuMonash University Malaysia, MalaysiaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Malaysia; framing processes; politics of framing; human rights.IntroductionMany that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eagerto deal out death in judgement. (J. R. R. Tolkien, 1954)Death penalty politics in Malaysia is a contentious story that revolves around the human rights narrative, the call for nationalsovereignty and security, and social justice. This article traces the historical background of capital punishment in Malaysiafrom the 1970s to uncover the political trends and official state and civil society rhetoric concerning the death penalty. Usingthe Benford and Snow (2000) framing processes theory, the various frames—‘human rights’, ‘injustice’, ‘national security’,‘victims’ justice’ and ‘vulnerabilities’—are identified and located in various online media resources and legal cases, as well aslocal, regional and international commentaries pertaining to the death penalty in Malaysia.The death penalty in Malaysia has been studied from various angles: the comparative law and the ‘war on drugs’ perspectives(Harring 1991; Leechaianan and Longmire 2013), the legal and justice approach (Dhillon, Mohammad and Miin 2012), thepublic perception study (Hood 2012), the ‘Asian values’ or cultural relativist perspective (Novak 2014), the Islamic or Shari’ahlaw viewpoint (Aziz 2015), miscarriage of justice due to judicial errors (Lim, Ngeow and Arivananthan 2018), universal humanrights and international fair trial standards (Antolak-Saper et al. 2020), the criminal justice analysis (Quraishi 2020) and thegender perspective (Harry 2021). These studies have expounded on the reasons for the Malaysian state’s retentionist stand, thelegitimisation of the death penalty for drug crimes (in particular) and the sociopolitical challenges faced by the abolitionists.The death penalty in Malaysia is a British colonial legacy that has undergone significant scrutiny in recent times.While the Malaysian Federal Constitution 1957 provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life or personalliberty save in accordance with law’, there are several criminal offences (including drug-related crimes) that imposethe mandatory and discretionary death penalty. Using Benford and Snow’s framing processes, this paper reviewsdeath penalty politics in Malaysia by analysing the rhetoric of abolitionists and retentionists. The abolitionists,comprising activist lawyers and non-government organisations, tend to use ‘human rights’ and ‘injustice’ frames,which humanise the ‘criminal’ and gain international support. The retentionists, such as victims’ families, use a‘victims’ justice’ frame emphasising the ‘inhuman’ nature of violent crimes. In addition, the retentionist state shiftsbetween ‘national security’ and ‘national development’ frames. This paper finds that death penalty politics inMalaysia is predominantly a politics of framing.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Kananatu58A similar trend is seen in Singapore’s death penalty politics. Singapore and Malaysia share a common history, common lawheritage, and common emphasis on the ‘Asian values’ political discourse and national development. Yet, despite the obvioushistorical, political, social and legal parallels, past studies concerning the death penalty have been nation-centric. For instance,studies that have examined the political strategies of abolitionist movements centred on the ‘war on drugs’ in Singapore but notMalaysia, despite the fact that Malaysian nationals account for a high percentage of Singapore’s death row population (Chia etal. 2017; Yap and Tan 2020).More recent studies have begun to highlight the deeper connections, especially in terms of political mobilisation, resources andnetworking, among Malaysian and Singaporean grassroots movements and cause lawyers (Novak 2020, 2021). These studieshave revealed the emergence of a strong transnational abolitionist movement, using human rights litigation acrossCommonwealth countries and the strategic utilisation of constitutional norms by both the Malaysian and Singaporean legalactivists, civil society organisations and abolitionist movements (Novak 2020, 2021).Studying strategic litigation and social movement strategies is useful to examine the politico-legal mobilisation, resourcemobilisation, networking, tactics and overall game plan of more organised abolitionist movements. However, it does not fullyunveil the grievances and concerns of victims’ families, who tend to be less organised but express resistance to death penaltyreform. Recent studies in the United States have ventured into examining death penalty rhetoric from a framing perspective,such as the ‘justice’ frame that gives closure for victims’ families and the ‘innocence’ frame used to describe the wrongfullyconvicted (Berns 2013).Framing capital punishment as ‘justice’ or ‘injustice’ or as a human rights issue is not only useful for victims’ families, humanrights activists and the general public but also can be strategically utilised by the state or government. In a case study of deathpenalty politics in Russia (Semukhina and Galliher 2009), the government was facing difficulties obtaining public support forthe abolition of the death penalty. The Russian presidential intention of removing capital punishment was primarily due toEuropean Union (EU) politics and Russia’s plan to eventually become a member of the EU (Semukhina and Galliher 2009:132). Despite public resistance, the Russian Government went ahead in placing a moratorium on the death sentence by turningthe death penalty into a ‘symbolic law’—that is, a law that is in the statute books but not enforced (Semukhina and Galliher2009: 132).Another example is the study of death penalty politics in the United Kingdom (UK) (Bailey 2000; Flanagan 2012), which foundthat in the 1960s, Conservative Party retentionists framed the death penalty as significant for ‘victims justice’ while LabourParty abolitionists framed capital punishment as a gross ‘injustice’ against human rights. However, from the 1990s onwards,the abolition movement in the UK dominated the discourse and democratic space due to a lack of public participation indiscussion of the death penalty (Flanagan 2012: 522).In essence, framing processes provide a more holistic approach to studying both the abolitionists and retentionists—whichcomprise a diverse pool of political and social actors: state authorities, activist lawyers, civil society activists, non-governmentorganisations, victims’ families and the general public. This article explores the political framing of capital punishment inMalaysia, a controversial legal and sociopolitical issue, by the main actors: the Malaysian Government, the legal complex(comprising the Malaysian Bar Council, cause lawyers and certain members of the judiciary), the victims’ families and civilsociety as a whole (local, regional and international human rights organisations, as well as Islamic groups). By taking a broaderperspective, this article analyses death penalty rhetoric within the larger context of politics and society in Malaysia.Setting the StageCapital punishment in Malaysia is a British colonial legacy based on colonial ideologies of law and punishment. Malaya (as itwas known in colonial times) declared independence in 1957, and Singapore (formerly part of Malaya) followed suit in 1965.Post-independence, both countries have retained their common law heritage. The Malaysian Penal Code 1936 (Penal Code) ismodelled on the Indian Penal Code 1861, which was enacted during the British colonisation of India and the StraitsSettlements—that is, Malaya and Singapore (Chan and Wright 2016). The serious offences under the Penal Code for which themandatory death penalty applies include murder (s 302) and treason (ss 121 and 121A). Other offences which carry themandatory death penalty include drug trafficking (Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 s 39B) and offences related to firearms (Firearms(Increased Penalties) Act 1971 ss 3, 3A, 7). Various other offences in the Penal Code—such as rape or attempted rape, gangrobbery and weapons trafficking—carry the discretionary death penalty.Although the UK suspended the death penalty for murder in 1965 and completely abolished it in 1970 (Bailey 2000: 346), itsformer colonies of Malaysia and Singapore have retained it. In fact, there was a proliferation of capital punishment during theVolume 11 (3) 2022 Kananatu591970s due to sweeping state campaigns that declared a ‘war on drugs’. In 1975, the Malaysian Parliament prescribed the deathpenalty for drug-trafficking offences, in line with the government’s campaign to eliminate drug addiction among the Malaysianpopulation (Harring 1991: 365). The Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 was amended, and the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act1975 included the presumption of trafficking under section 37(d). This inevitably led to the challenge of the ‘doublepresumption’, whereby the accused is presumed to be guilty of trafficking when deemed to be in possession of drugs of aprescribed quantity (Amnesty International 2019: 7).These legal reforms shifted the burden of proof to the accused, overriding the more traditional legal presumption of innocence(where an accused is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty). It has been argued that the presumption of innocence is saidto be implied in Article 5 of the Federal Constitution 1957 (FC), which states that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life orpersonal [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2476-Article-Text-9827-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [382] => Array ( [objectID] => 20330 [title] => Holdouts in the South Pacific: Explaining Death Penalty Retention in Papua New Guinea and Tonga [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/holdouts-in-the-south-pacific-explaining-death-penalty-retention-in-papua-new-guinea-and-tonga/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The South Pacific forms a cohesive region with broadly similar cultural attributes, legal systems and colonial histories. A comparative analysis starts from the assumption that these countries should also have similar criminal justice policies. However, until 2022, both Papua New Guinea and Tonga were retentionist death penalty outliers in the South Pacific, a region home to seven other fully abolitionist members of the United Nations. In this article, we use the comparative method to explain why Papua New Guinea and Tonga have pursued a different death penalty trajectory than their regional neighbours. Eschewing the traditional social science explanations for death penalty retention, we suggest two novel explanations for ongoing retention in Papua New Guinea and Tonga: the law and order crisis in the former and the traditionally powerful monarchy in the latter.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2475Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)43 © The Author/s 2022Holdouts in the South Pacific:Explaining Death Penalty Retention in PapuaNew Guinea and TongaDaniel PascoeCity University of Hong Kong, Hong KongAndrew NovakGeorge Mason University, United StatesAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Papua New Guinea; Tonga; South Pacific; comparative criminal justice; colonialism.I. IntroductionUntil Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) unexpected abolition in January 2022, PNG and Tonga were the last two retentionist deathpenalty holdouts in the South Pacific, a region home to seven other fully abolitionist members of the United Nations (UN).1This differing legal status disguises a uniformity in practice as both Tonga and PNG (before the latter’s abolition) were ‘defacto abolitionist’ according to the UN Quinquennial Report on Capital Punishment. De facto abolitionists are countries thathave not carried out executions for at least 10 years or that have a formal policy against executions (United Nations Economicand Social Council 2020).Nevertheless, prior to its recent abolition, the death penalty in PNG persisted in an undeniably more favourable political andlegal environment compared to Tonga. While Tonga still allows the death penalty for murder and treason, as of June 2022 itsdeath row sits empty, and no executions have been carried out since 1982 (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide2021a).2 Until January 2022, PNG retained the death penalty for murder, aggravated rape, robbery, sorcery murder, treason,piracy and attempted piracy (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide 2021b; Hands Off Cain 2022b). After thereinstatement of the death penalty in 1991, when premeditated murder once again became a capital offence, PNG passed deathsentences relatively frequently (Hands Off Cain 2021a); at the time of abolition, 14 persons remained on death row (Hands OffCain 2022b).3 The abolitionist success in other South Pacific nations lagged in these two holdouts.The South Pacific forms a cohesive region with broadly similar cultural attributes, legal systems and colonialhistories. A comparative analysis starts from the assumption that these countries should also have similar criminaljustice policies. However, until 2022, both Papua New Guinea and Tonga were retentionist death penalty outliers inthe South Pacific, a region home to seven other fully abolitionist members of the United Nations. In this article, weuse the comparative method to explain why Papua New Guinea and Tonga have pursued a different death penaltytrajectory than their regional neighbours. Eschewing the traditional social science explanations for death penaltyretention, we suggest two novel explanations for ongoing retention in Papua New Guinea and Tonga: the law andorder crisis in the former and the traditionally powerful monarchy in the latter.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Pascoe & Novak44The status of the death penalty in the nine nations of the South Pacific is summarised in Table 1, ranked by date of abolition.Note, however, that some of our data on executions remain incomplete.Table 1. Death penalty status in the South PacificCountry Colonial / TrusteeshipPower Before IndependenceDate ofIndependenceDate of LastExecutionDate of Abolition /ReinstatementTonga United Kingdom 1970 1982 -Papua NewGuineaAustralia 1975 1954 2022 (all crimes), reinstated1991 (murder), abolished 1974(murder)Nauru Australia 1968 Before 1922 2016Fiji United Kingdom 1970 1964 2015 (military), 2002 (treason),1979 (murder)Samoa New Zealand (as WesternSamoa)1962 1952 2004Vanuatu United Kingdom / France(jointly, as New Hebrides)1980 Before 1973 1973SolomonIslandsUnited Kingdom 1978 Before 1966 1966Tuvalu United Kingdom (as Gilbertand Ellice Islands)1978 Before 1965 1965Kiribati United Kingdom (as Gilbertand Ellice Islands)1979 Before 1965 1965The South Pacific forms a cohesive region with broadly similar cultural attributes, legal systems and colonial histories—acomparative analysis starts from the assumption that these countries should also possess similar criminal justice policies(Johnson and Zimring 2009). In this article, we use the comparative method to explain why PNG and Tonga long pursued adifferent death penalty trajectory to their regional neighbours, bearing in mind that this cross-sectional analysis has onlynine ‘data points’ and, at any one specific point in time, some nations’ death penalty policies (such as PNG’s) are still evolving.As we make clear in Parts II and III below, none of the traditional social science explanations for death penalty retention seemto identify PNG and Tonga clearly as regional outliers. Drawing extensively from legislative debates and other politicalstatements, in Part III, we suggest two novel explanations for PNG and Tonga’s more durable retention: PNG’s ongoing lawand order crisis and the status of the Tongan monarchy. Finally, in Part IV, we explore the implications of our findings forfuture efforts towards promoting and maintaining abolition in the South Pacific and further afield.II. The Comparative Method and the Death Penalty in the South PacificThe death penalty in the South Pacific is worthy of study for two reasons. First, despite no regional executions having takenplace since a triple hanging in Tonga in 1982, the question is not purely an academic one. PNG sentenced prisoners to death asrecently as 2018, and its political leaders routinely called for a resumption of executions over a 67-year hiatus after 1954(Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide 2021b; Hands Off Cain 2021a). Similarly, in 2021, the Tongan legislaturedebated the expansion of the death penalty to drug trafficking offences, although that proposal was ultimately rejected (Fennell2021). Proposals for reinstatement have also recently arisen in Solomon Islands and Kiribati (Amnesty International 2014; AsiaPacific Report 2021), each of which has failed to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) andits Second Optional Protocol, meaning that a resumption of death sentences faces no formal legal obstacles.Second, the last 40 years have seen global momentum towards total abolition of the death penalty, especially in countries thathave recently experienced a democratic transition or that have not carried out executions in a long time. In 1948, only15 countries had abolished the death penalty in law, mostly in Latin America. That number increased to 52 in 1988, 89 in 2001and 108 in 2020 (Amnesty International 2021; Hood and Hoyle 2017). As more countries abolish the death penalty, thenormative case against capital punishment strengthens, reflecting state practice in customary international law and increasingpolitical pressure on the holdout states (Hood and Hoyle 2017). Moreover, as regional hegemons and former administrativeVolume 11 (3) 2022 Pascoe & Novak45powers, Australia and New Zealand play a unique role in promoting death penalty abolition in the South Pacific. The puzzle iswhy, under these conditions, PNG and Tonga resisted the global and regional trends for so long.The Abolition/Retention LiteratureComparative study of death penalty abolition has generated a sizable social science literature, especially since the most recent‘wave’ of abolition following the Cold War and the period of democratic transition in the 1990s. This research has sought toidentify the conditions and processes that led to abolition in different political jurisdictions, including in the Asia-Pacific region(e.g., Anckar 2004, 2014; Bae 2007; Boulanger and Sarat 2005; Futamura 2014; Garland 2014; Greenberg and West 2003;Hobson 2014; Hood 1989, 2002; Hood and Hoyle 2008, 2009, 2015; Johnson and Zimring 2009; McGann and Sandholtz 2012;Miethe, Lu and Deibert 2005; Neumayer 2008a, 2008b; Ruddell and Urbina 2004; Zimring 2013;). Although these studies havegenerally portrayed death penalty practice as a dichotomy (i.e., retention versus abolition), the decline of the death penaltyaround the world is also visible in the decreasing number of capital offences, death sentences passed and number of executionscarried out.These social science studies have identified different variables that explain abolition and retention. The first of these is politicalstructure. Generally, unitary systems of government promote abolition more than do federal systems, democratic governmentsare more likely abolitionist than authoritarian systems, and left-leaning political parties tend to abolish before right-leaningparties. Second, economic development appears to be correlated with abolition. With several important exceptions (UnitedStates, Japan, Qatar and Singapore among them), retentionist nations tend to be at a lower stage of economic development.Third, specific colonial legacies correlate with death penalty retention—former colonies are more likely to be retentionist, asare countries with common law legal systems and a British colonial legacy. Finally, religion and ethnic makeup also play arole. Countries with majority Christian (especially Roman Catholic) populations are more likely to abolish the death penaltythan countries with Muslim or Buddhist majorities. Similarly, ethnic homogeneity is correlated with death penalty abolitionmore than ethnically diverse countries or countries with a legacy of slavery.Another common theme from the death penalty abolition literature is that domestic and local processes contribute to abolition.The transition of the death penalty from a domestic criminal justice issue to an international human rights concern precededabolition in many countries. In addition, abolition exhibits regional contagion effects. Abolition of the dea [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea [1] => Tonga ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2475-Article-Text-9826-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [383] => Array ( [objectID] => 20322 [title] => Ambivalent Abolitionism in the 1920s: New South Wales, Australia [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ambivalent-abolitionism-in-the-1920s-new-south-wales-australia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the former penal colony of New South Wales (NSW), a Labor government attempted what its counterpart in Queensland had achieved in 1922: the abolition of the death penalty. Although NSW’s unelected Legislative Council scuttled Labor’s 1925 bill, the party’s prevarication over capital punishment and the government’s poor management of the campaign thwarted abolition for a further three decades. However, NSW’s failure must be analysed in light of ambivalent abolitionism that prevailed in Britain and the US in the postwar decade. In this wider context, Queensland, rather than NSW, was the abolitionist outlier.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2474Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)33 © The Author/s 2022Ambivalent Abolitionism in the 1920s: New SouthWales, AustraliaCarolyn StrangeThe Australian National University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Australia; abolition; capital punishment.IntroductionHistories of the death penalty’s abolition tend, understandably, to focus on the endgame. By highlighting the political and legalstratagems that formally abolished capital punishment, such works have a Whiggish tinge—despite many hurdles andfrustrations, laws were eventually changed to defeat the death penalty. There are important exceptions, foremost RandallMcGowen’s (1994) interpretation of the British Government’s 1868 move to end the ritual of public execution. Far from a steptowards abolition, he argues, this transition merely allowed respectable people to consider themselves civilised as they nolonger had to witness unseemly executions or contend with unruly hanging crowds. In the 19th century, a handful ofjurisdictions abolished the death penalty; however, England and most other countries in the Anglo-American sphere did notabolish the death penalty until the mid to late-20th century (Hood and Hoyle 2015). In several jurisdictions, including a fewUS states and the Australian state of Queensland, governments abolished the death penalty earlier and held back againstretentionist cross-currents, but these were the exceptions (Barber 1968).Under the terms of Federation in 1901, the former colonies of Australia became states and territories. Unlike Britain, Canada,New Zealand and most European countries, Australia’s criminal law for ordinary crimes was determined by the states, whichmeant that abolitionists pitched their campaigns at the state level, as they did in the US. The new Commonwealth strove tosever its connection to the convict past, but the history of colonial authorities’ heavy reliance on capital punishment in the early19th century cast a long shadow (Finnane 1997; Castle 2008). Despite a precipitous decline in the number of executions by thelate 19th century, this turnaround in penal severity did not lay the groundwork for abolition after Federation. Nevertheless,one state, Queensland, removed the death penalty from its criminal code in 1922 under a Labor government, and there werepromising signs that New South Wales (NSW) might follow after Labor formed a majority government in 1925. The partytabled an abolition bill soon after taking power, and it passed the lower house of the state parliament only to sink in the upperIn the former penal colony of New South Wales (NSW), a Labor government attempted what its counterpart inQueensland had achieved in 1922: the abolition of the death penalty. Although NSW’s unelected Legislative Councilscuttled Labor’s 1925 bill, the party’s prevarication over capital punishment and the government’s poor managementof the campaign thwarted abolition for a further three decades. However, NSW’s failure must be analysed in light ofambivalent abolitionism that prevailed in Britain and the US in the postwar decade. In this wider context,Queensland, rather than NSW, was the abolitionist outlier.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Strange34house. This defeat was consequential—the death penalty remained in force in NSW for a further 30 years, over which timefive men were hanged (Curby 2017).The ill-fated progress of abolitionism in NSW in the 1920s was not unique; on the contrary, it typifies the doldrums ofpoliticking against capital punishment in the postwar period, a time of reinstatement and retentionism. Several countries,including the Soviet Union and Italy, redeployed the death penalty after a period of abolition, and six US states, which hadearlier abolished capital punishment, reinstated it by the 1920s (Galliher, Ray and Cook 1992). In England, efforts to removethe death penalty for civilian crimes failed to gain traction, despite the Labour party’s electoral successes in the 1923 and 1929general elections. The one glimmer of success in Britain was the curtailment of the death penalty for infractions of militarydiscipline in 1930 (McHugh 1999). Thus, retentionists around the world had the upper hand in the postwar period, although thereasons for their triumph in NSW in 1925 were distinct.Drawing on parliamentary debates over abolition and digitised news coverage of the issue, this article corrects the false yetenduring claim (first made in 1968) that Labor solidly opposed the death penalty in the lead-up to the 1925 bill (Jones 1968).In NSW, abolition was not as divisive an issue as military conscription, which split the state party into bitter factions duringthe Great War; however, it was not a progressive reform that Labor embraced as it did other causes, notably a Court of CriminalAppeal. Opponents of Labor’s 1925 abolition bill reminded its sponsors that Labor had not included abolition in its electionpromises. Retentionists also referred to the lack of clear signals of abolition’s adoption in other jurisdictions grappling with thesame issue in the postwar period. Factors unique to NSW, including its bicameral parliament and the timing of severalcontroversial capital murders, reinforced support for capital punishment and derailed abolition in 1925. However, the cause ofabolition struggled everywhere in the 1920s, and there was little public demand to end the death penalty beyond the narrowsetting of military justice.Labour and the Death Penalty in a Former Penal ColonyIn the colony of NSW, Labor first gained a parliamentary foothold in the 1890s, but the most outspoken opponent of capitalpunishment in the lead-up to Federation was a Free Trader and journalist, John Haynes. From 1896 to 1902, he drafted andsponsored four death penalty abolition bills, the last of which attacked the wide scope of capital crimes in NSW compared toBritain, which had radically pruned the number of death penalty offences in 1861 (Strange 1996: 146). Why, he asked, shouldNSW retain the death penalty for attempted murder, rape and seven other crimes as capital offences, when England had reducedits application to treason and murder decades earlier? In 1901, the execution of a man for the offence of carnal knowledge (thesexual assault of a girl under 10) in the NSW town of Queanbeyan dredged up memories of the 1888 execution of four men forthe pack rape of a 16-year-old girl in Sydney (Kaladelfos 2012; Walker 1986). Still shocked by that event, Haynes hoped his1902 bill would remove the death penalty for sexual offences and split the definition of murder into first and second degrees,with only planned and deliberate murders punishable by death. Three of Haynes’ fellow members of the Legislative Assembly(MLAs) supported the bill in second reading, none of whom was a Labor member. Once again, he failed. No further billsreached second reading in the Legislative Assembly over the first decade of the 20th century, but there were signs that Labormight support the cause when it formed government for the first time in 1910.Led by veteran MLA James McGowen, the victorious Labor party raised expectations (and fears) that the new governmentwould institute root and branch reforms touching on social as well as economic matters. Labor introduced the judicial reviewof criminal sentences under the leadership of attorney-general William Holman, who skilfully persuaded both the Assemblyand the Legislative Council to endorse a state court of criminal appeal. Opposition was stiff. During a lengthy debate in secondreading, the MLA who had previously served as premier and attorney-general, Charles Wade, accused Holman of trying tofoist decision-making on capital sentences into a new judicial tribunal rather than deal with death penalty cases through reviewsmade by the Cabinet, the executive branch of government. Wade accused Labor of political cowardice: ‘the body of thegovernment have some objection to capital punishment, but they have not the courage to come out straightforwardly and sayso’. If Labor were truly opposed to the death penalty, Wade chided, ‘the proper course to adopt is to ask the House to changethe law with regard to capital offences; and then they can administer the law on lines which even they will not shirk from’(NSW Parliament Legislative Assembly 5 July 1911: 1321). Nevertheless, the Legislative Council made only minoramendments acceptable to the government and the Criminal Appeal Act came into force in 1912, allowing convicted offenders,including persons sentenced to death, to appeal on matters of fact as well as law (Woods 2018: 233–234).Holman knew that Wade’s barbs over Labor’s lack of courage also targeted the government’s handling of its first capital case.When the former government handed over the reins to Labor in October 1910, it dumped a dilemma on the new executive: theimpending execution of William Phillips, a man who had sexually assaulted and brutally murdered his toddler daughter. Theexecutive could simply have commuted the death sentence, and the government could have followed by declaring its oppositionVolume 11 (3) 2022 Strange35to capital punishment; instead, the Cabinet decided that Phillips would be sentenced to life in prison, with the proviso that hewas ‘never to be released’ (Strange 2012). A tempest erupted over the decision, and Labor’s stance on the death penaltyremained hazy until 1912 when premier McGowen’s government approved the execution of William Ball for the murder of hiswife (Strange 2020). After Australia entered the war in 1914, internal divisions over conscription split the party and, in 1916,a splinter group of former Labor members, led by William Holman, forme [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2474-Article-Text-9823-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [384] => Array ( [objectID] => 20314 [title] => ‘Upholding the Cause of Civilization’: The Australian Death Penalty in War and Colonialism [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/upholding-the-cause-of-civilization-the-australian-death-penalty-in-war-and-colonialism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The abolition of the death penalty in Queensland in 1922 was the first in Australian jurisdictions, and the first in the British Empire. However, the legacy of the Queensland death penalty lingered in Australian colonial territories. This article considers a variety of practices in which the death penalty was addressed by Australian decision-makers during the first half of the 20th century. These include the exemption of Australian soldiers from execution in World War I, use of the death penalty in colonial Papua and the Mandate Territory of New Guinea, hanging as a weapon of war in the colonial territories, and the retrieval of the death penalty for the punishment of war crimes. In these histories, we see not only that the Queensland death penalty lived on in other contexts but also that ideological and political preferences for abolition remained vulnerable to the sway of other historical forces of war and security.This article was first pubished in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2473Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)23 © The Author/s 2022‘Upholding the Cause of Civilization’: TheAustralian Death Penalty in War and ColonialismMark FinnaneGriffith University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Queensland; abolition; colonialism; war crimes; Papua New Guinea.IntroductionThe death penalty as a judicial sentence was abolished in the Australian state of Queensland by legislative amendment to theCriminal Code Act 1899 (the Criminal Code), proclaimed on 31 July 1922. Statutory abolition of the death penalty inQueensland is an achievement worth remembering—the first in Australian jurisdictions and the first in the British Empire. Asan early abolition, the Queensland one was also noteworthy for another reason: its permanence. As examined elsewhere in thiscollection, the failure of a state to legislate abolition for all offences leaves open the possibility of reintroduction (Pascoe andNovak 2022).Yet, revisiting Queensland’s abolition in its broader context suggests that there are grounds for seeing it as a partial abolition.The Queensland death penalty did, in fact, have an afterlife of some consequence that will be addressed in this article.Queensland, as a former colony of the British Empire and then a state of the Australian Federation, played a particularlyimportant role in the development of Australia’s formation as a subject of international law. In the history of Australia’s sub-imperial role in the south-west Pacific, Queensland provided both political impetus and legal frameworks for the Australianenactment of its role as what Cait Storr has characterised as an imperium in imperio (Storr 2018). This is highlighted in theinfluence of Queensland criminal law on the various colonial administrations developed by Australia in the region. In thisrespect, the story told here is exemplary of the process by which British and European colonial administrations left a penallegacy of imprisonment and the death penalty in their wake (Bernault 2003; Singha 2000).Therefore, instead of seeing the Queensland abolition as a summit achievement, there are reasons for considering it an occasionhighlighting the contradictory and unresolved cultural and penal politics of the death penalty in its geopolitical context. TheQueensland death penalty, as originally legislated in the Criminal Code, survived beyond 1922—not in the domestic jurisdictionof Queensland but adopted as the formalised and unamended code of law in Australia’s three external territories of Papua,The abolition of the death penalty in Queensland in 1922 was the first in Australian jurisdictions, and the first in theBritish Empire. However, the legacy of the Queensland death penalty lingered in Australian colonial territories. Thisarticle considers a variety of practices in which the death penalty was addressed by Australian decision-makers duringthe first half of the 20th century. These include the exemption of Australian soldiers from execution in World War I,use of the death penalty in colonial Papua and the Mandate Territory of New Guinea, hanging as a weapon of war inthe colonial territories, and the retrieval of the death penalty for the punishment of war crimes. In these histories, we seenot only that the Queensland death penalty lived on in other contexts but also that ideological and political preferencesfor abolition remained vulnerable to the sway of other historical forces of war and security.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Finnane24mandated New Guinea and mandated Nauru. This historical phenomenon—the adoption of the Queensland Criminal Code asthe criminal law of these territories—was the means by which the Queensland death penalty survived its abolition through thehistory of Australia as colonial power (Papua) and international legal trustee (New Guinea and Nauru). Nothing summarisesthis reality better than the notices appearing in the official New Guinea Gazette throughout the 1920s and 1930s of certificatesof execution under the authority of the Queensland Criminal Code as it had been adopted first in Papua and after 1921 in NewGuinea. Yet, Queensland was also the home jurisdiction of Australia’s first atrocities commissioner and later chair of the TokyoInternational War Crimes Tribunal, Sir William Webb, seconded from his role as chief justice of Queensland (1940–1946), andwho then presided over the award of the death penalty to convicted war criminals. It was also the home of numerous Laborpolitical representatives who formed part of the Commonwealth legislature enacting the Australian War Crimes Act 1945 thatauthorised the death penalty for war criminals convicted in Australian courts convened to try B and C Class suspects.These are the non-domestic histories of the Australian death penalty in the 20th century that deserve recalling for what theymay signal about the conditionality of jurisdiction and ethical judgement. They highlight the instability of abolition and itsvulnerability to the play of historical forces that always threaten a revival. These histories also point to the importance ofconsidering the death penalty’s contextual and situational meanings, and particularly of the communicative function thatinforms the politics of both abolition and retention (Garland 2010). These generally forgotten histories of the Australian deathpenalty as a colonial legacy in the Pacific supplement and qualify the existing literature on the death penalty in Australia(Adams 2009; Anderson 2020; Jones 1968; Lennan and Williams 2012; Strange 1996).In developing this account of the afterlife of the Queensland death penalty, I address briefly the Queensland Parliament’s 1922legislative enactment of abolition, before turning to an early instance of selective prohibition of use of the death penalty by theAustralian Government in World War I. This determined stance of dominion autonomy in the face of the British ImperialArmy’s preference for the death penalty as a tool of military discipline stands in contrast to the Australian Government’sretentionist position in its emerging colonial empire in the 1920s. The adoption of the Queensland Criminal Code for the civiladministration of Papua and New Guinea continued into World War II as a means by which the military administration woulddeal with perceived rebellious or unreliable indigenous peoples of those provinces. In the final section, I consider the contextin which a nominally abolitionist Australian Labor Government legislated the use of the death penalty for the conduct of warcrimes trials in the later 1940s. In conclusion, I suggest that Australian uses of the death penalty in its colonial and wartimeadministrations were part of a significant barrier to abolition for much of the 20th century. Abolition in Queensland turned outto be something less than that for those brought into the sphere of Queensland and perforce Australian dominion.Queensland AbolitionThe Queensland Criminal Code was enacted in 1899, predominantly a product of the endeavours of the then–chief justice SirSamuel Griffith. Codification was an opportunity to systematise the definition of criminal offences and the penalties applicablein a modern system of law. The Criminal Code was influential, within Australia and beyond—in the Pacific and Africancolonies of the British Empire (O’Regan 1988: 103–21). It affirmed the death penalty as the sanction for the most seriouscrimes. But, while it continued to be awarded as a mandatory penalty for murder and carried into executions (20 between 1899and 1913), the future of this punishment was already being called into question in the Queensland Parliament.More than 50 years ago, the history of this first abolition in Australia and the wider region was examined closely by legalhistorian Ross Barber (Barber 1967, 1968). Central to the story is the familiar role of dedicated activism by a small number ofprotagonists. However, what is striking in the Queensland abolition is the folding of the cause into the wider progressiveplatform of an emergent Queensland Labor Party, so that the ethical force and emotional colour of an abolitionist campaign arenotably absent from the story of successful abolition in 1922. Abolition of the death penalty (and corporal punishment) wasjust one of eight ‘Abolitions’ in the ‘Fighting and General Platform’ of the Australian Labor Party adopted at its Sydneyconference in 1919 (Worker 1922: 24). It was the last of the six ‘Social Reform’ objectives, following ‘Endowment ofmotherhood’. When it came to Queensland in 1922, abolition of the death penalty was made possible by the prior achievementof one of the other ‘abolitions’, of the Queensland Legislative Council (the upper house), resulting in the only unicameralparliament in Australia.The contrast with the intense abolitionist campaign of the 1960s in Victoria, the last Australian jurisdiction to carry out anexecution, is striking (Burns 1962; Jones 2006; Richards 2002). Of course, abolition of the death penalty as a party politicalobjective was not the only condition of success, as the barrier to equivalent success in New South Wales (NSW) demonstrated(Strange 2022). Rather, the privileged power of a radical Labor government in postwar Queensland enabled it to clear thehurdles that faced abolition elsewhere—with a minimum of parliamentary trouble and little public opposition. We might askhow much this success owed to some underlying features of Queensland as a settler society, secure in its membership of anVolume 11 (3) 2022 Finnane25Australian federation protected by the White Australia Policy, a race-based immigration regime that aimed to exclude the‘coloured races’ (Bashfor [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2473-Article-Text-9825-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [385] => Array ( [objectID] => 20292 [title] => Anti–Death Penalty Advocacy: A Lawyer’s View from Australia [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anti-death-penalty-advocacy-a-lawyers-view-from-australia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reviews the executions of Australians in the region and the Australian responses over the past two decades. Informed by the author’s legal defence role in death penalty cases in Singapore and Indonesia and other countries, the article explores developments in anti–death penalty advocacy since 2015: the parliamentary enquiry, the ‘whole of government’ strategy led by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the efforts made by Australia and Australians in Asia.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2472Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)12 © The Author/s 2022Anti–Death Penalty Advocacy: A Lawyer’s Viewfrom AustraliaJulian McMahon SCAustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; advocacy; abolition; legal profession; Australia.Introduction1This article examines the executions of Australians in recent history and developments in anti–death penalty advocacy since2015, including the parliamentary enquiry, the ‘whole of government’ strategy led by the Department of Foreign Affairs andTrade (DFAT) and the advocacy efforts made by Australia and Australians in Asia.These recent developments reflect the final wishes of the two Australians executed in Indonesia on 29 April 2015: MyuranSukumaran and Andrew Chan. I often discussed with them their hope, if they were to be executed, that from the furore andfight to save them, there would emerge a stronger determination to oppose executions everywhere, especially in Indonesia.That hope was one of the reasons they determinedly carried themselves with dignity—so that the senselessness of theirexecutions would be more obvious.I come to this debate as a foot soldier, a barrister who (with some other Australians) has spent years fighting for clients on deathrow. That ongoing work grew from a single moment I experienced in Singapore. My senior colleague Lex Lasry QC and I wereat Changi prison the afternoon before our client Van Nguyen was to be hanged. We waited for Van’s mother and brother toemerge from their last visit with the son and brother they loved so much. As they walked towards us along a tunnel in theprison, I heard a sound I did not understand. When they came closer, I realised it was the sound of uncontrollable grief. Thereality of the horror I was witnessing hit me. Here was the state methodically, with much deliberation and premeditation,carrying out the killing of a healthy young man, a reformed prisoner. Not only was the state killing Van—it was destroying hisfamily. Each and every year since, many hundreds, sometimes thousands, worldwide have suffered the same fate, while manythousands more languish and suffer on death row, sometimes enduring terrible atrocities. This article briefly reviews Australia’sresponse to these realities. I start with the story of Van Nguyen.This article reviews the executions of Australians in the region and the Australian responses over the pasttwo decades. Informed by the author’s legal defence role in death penalty cases in Singapore and Indonesia and othercountries, the article explores developments in anti–death penalty advocacy since 2015: the parliamentary enquiry,the ‘whole of government’ strategy led by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the efforts made byAustralia and Australians in Asia.Volume 11 (3) 2022 McMahon13Van Tuong NguyenOn 2 December 2005, Melbourne man Van Tuong Nguyen was hanged in Singapore, having been convicted of the attemptedtrafficking of almost 400 grams of heroin from Cambodia to Australia via Singapore. At the moment of Van’s death, a vigilwas held outside the County Court of Victoria in Melbourne, attended by many members of the Victorian legal community,and a minute of silence was observed (Cooke 2005). At St Ignatius Church in Richmond, the parish attended by Van as a child,the bell tolled 25 times to mark each year of the young man’s life, and a special prayer vigil was held by then–prison chaplainPeter Norden, who had spent decades fighting the death penalty (Australian Broadcasting Corporation [ABC] News 2005).Van’s funeral was held at St Patrick’s Cathedral, Melbourne. It was overflowing. Not only was all standing room taken in thatvast cathedral—the crowd overflowed out the doors into the surrounding grounds. It begs the question: why so much attention?Van’s Australian legal team was led by Lex Lasry QC, now a retired supreme court justice, and I was his junior barrister. Vanhad been arrested in December 2002. A few days later, Kim Nguyen, his mother, without resources (she had fled the war inVietnam and arrived in Australia via a refugee camp with baby twin boys), was brought to me by a friend of hers, a courttranslator—our involvement began from there. I asked a well-regarded Melbourne solicitor, Theo Magazis, to help and thenasked Lex to help. Over the next 11 months before the trial began, we engaged in extensive negotiations, which included strongsupport from DFAT and foreign minister Alexander Downer. But, a day before the trial, we received a one-line letter sayingthe case could not settle and would proceed. What that really meant was that a quasi-legal/political decision had been madethat Van would go to trial and eventually be executed. Since he had confessed to police the substance of his offending, he wouldalmost certainly be found guilty and automatically sentenced to death under Singapore’s disgraceful mandatory sentencinglaws. It was clear from the day before his trial that Van’s execution was virtually inevitable. Singaporean advocate JosephTheseira fought the trial. His leader, the legendary Singaporean advocate Pala Krishnan, had tragically died while visiting usin Melbourne to prepare for the case. The sentencing judge could not hold back his tears as he pronounced the death sentence.Van was executed on 2 December 2005, almost three years to the day after he was arrested. In that time, we made unusual (forAustralian criminal barristers) but limited forays into the media to try to retain some public interest in the case and maintain atleast some level of support. As criminal lawyers, this is a strategy we would never employ for an Australian case. But, this casewas offshore—juries had long been abolished in Singapore and, thus, improper influence was not an issue; the lawyers fightingin court were Singaporean, and the case would inevitably end with a purely political moment: namely, the political decisionwhether to grant reprieve from execution. Accordingly, a public presence was needed. Once the sentence of death had beenhanded down and affirmed in the Court of Appeal, whether Van would hang was purely a political question. It was up to theprime minister and his Cabinet to advise the president, who would act as advised. We engaged in the difficult task of makingsure Van’s case was known and understood without putting inappropriate pressure on the government of Singapore, which was,and still is, a government very friendly to Australia. The two countries were close trading partners, and many Singaporeanswere educated and settled in Australia. Since the law could not save Van, perhaps the deep and genuine friendship between thetwo countries could.Over the three years of Van’s detention, especially during the months leading to his execution, the public slowly came to knowVan’s mother Kim Nguyen. Her pleas in the English language she struggled with, together with her terrible anguish, won theinterest and eventually the support of many. Her life story—of being a refugee, a hard worker and a loving mother—attractedattention to Van’s case. Van, too, had made enormous strides in prison; through his friends, much of this became known to theAustralian public. The thought of spending life in prison filled Van with despair. However, he was determined to do all hecould to help win his case to spare his mother the pain of having her son executed.Central to Van’s mental and spiritual health was an elderly Singaporean nun, Sister Gerard Fernandez of the Good ShepherdSisters. As a young child, she decided to work for those on death row and has spent most of her life doing this. She is endlesslygentle and laughing. As a prison chaplain, she caught Van’s attention while singing to another prisoner on death row. Theybecame very close, and she was with him through his last hours. Her work and that of Peter Norden, then a prison chaplain inMelbourne, among others, brought two Popes—John Paul II in February 2005 and Benedict XVI in November 2005—tointervene with the Singaporean government on Van’s behalf—but to no avail (Norden 2021: 163).Van was also fortunate to have some very capable DFAT officers working in Singapore at the time. The high commissionerGary Quinlan, who went on to become one of Australia’s most senior and effective diplomats, would do his best to open anydoor for us lawyers. Among his staff was Annette Morris, who maintained regular visits to Van. Van was vulnerable and fragileat times, which Annette well understood as she supported him through those three lonely years in prison. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2472-Article-Text-9886-1-10-20220831-1.pdf ) [386] => Array ( [objectID] => 20291 [title] => Politics of International Advocacy Against the Death Penalty: Governments as Anti–Death Penalty Crusaders [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/politics-of-international-advocacy-against-the-death-penalty-governments-as-anti-death-penalty-crusaders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two-thirds of the countries worldwide have moved away from the death penalty in law or in practice, with global and regional organisations as well as individual governments working towards universal abolition. This article critically examines the narratives of these abolitionist governments that have abolished the death penalty in their country and have adopted the role of ‘moral crusaders’ (Becker 1963) in pursuit of global abolition. In 2018, the Australian Government, while being surrounded by retentionist states in Asia, joined the anti–death penalty enterprise along with the European Union, the United Kingdom and Norway. Using the concepts of ‘moral crusader’ (Becker 1963) and ‘performativity’ (Butler 1993), this article argues that advocacy must be acted on repeatedly for governments to be anti–death penalty advocates. Otherwise, these government efforts serve political ends in appearance but are simply a self-serving form of advocacy in practice.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2471Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)1 © The Author/s 2022Politics of International Advocacy Against theDeath Penalty: Governments as Anti–DeathPenalty CrusadersMai SatoMonash University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; advocacy; performativity; moral crusader; Australia.IntroductionIn Outsiders, Becker (1963: 163) noted that research on deviance primarily concerns itself with ‘people who break rules ratherthan with those who make and enforce them’. Much of the death penalty scholarship, at least in the English language literature,is abolitionist in that it accepts the norm of death penalty abolition, discusses the reasons for ‘deviance’ (death penalty retention)or accepts death penalty abolition from an inevitable empirical standpoint. Indeed, to date, the death penalty scholarship hasfocused on the shrinking number of retentionist states (e.g., Behrmann and Yorke 2013; Hodgkinson and Schabas 2004; Hoodand Hoyle 2015; Schabas 2002, 2021; Steiker and Steiker 2019); barriers for death penalty abolition, such as deterrence, publicopinion, politics, religion and culture (e.g., Garland 2010; Zimring 2003; Hood 2015; Johnson and Zimring 2009; Nagin,Peppers and National Research Council 2012; Sarat 1999); and alternatives to the death penalty (e.g., Hodgkinson 2016).The international landscape of retentionists versus abolitionists has flipped the debate on the death penalty: what used to be an‘unproblematic institution universally embraced is fast becoming a violation of human rights’ (Garland 2011: 61). In 1948,when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UHDR) was adopted, declaring that ‘everyone has the right to life’, the vastmajority of United Nations (UN) member states were retentionist (Schabas 1998: 797). The death penalty as a form of criminalpunishment was also considered legitimate and was imposed at the Nuremberg and Tokyo postwar tribunals (Schabas 1998:797). Today, two-thirds of countries worldwide have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice (Amnesty International2021). The latest governments that have joined the abolitionist camp are Malawi, which abolished the death penalty throughTwo-thirds of the countries worldwide have moved away from the death penalty in law or in practice, with globaland regional organisations as well as individual governments working towards universal abolition. This articlecritically examines the narratives of these abolitionist governments that have abolished the death penalty in theircountry and have adopted the role of ‘moral crusaders’ (Becker 1963) in pursuit of global abolition. In 2018, theAustralian Government, while being surrounded by retentionist states in Asia, joined the anti–death penaltyenterprise along with the European Union, the United Kingdom and Norway. Using the concepts of ‘moral crusader’(Becker 1963) and ‘performativity’ (Butler 1993), this article argues that advocacy must be acted on repeatedly forgovernments to be anti–death penalty advocates. Otherwise, these government efforts serve political ends inappearance but are simply a self-serving form of advocacy in practice.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Sato2judicial leadership in 2021 (Novak 2021) and Papua New Guinea, which achieved abolition through political leadership inJanuary 2022 (Pascoe and Novak 2022).While scholars and human rights organisations may have been concerned primarily with how to nudge retentionist governmentstowards adhering to the norm of death penalty abolition, rules do not emerge from nowhere—rather, they are ‘products ofsomeone’s initiative’ (Becker 1963: 146). In this sense, the UN is undoubtedly a ‘moral entrepreneur’ (Becker 1963), settingthe norm against the death penalty. The UDHR, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, resulted from the sharedexperience of World War II and marked the announcement of a set of universally accepted human rights. While the UDHRdoes not specifically mention the death penalty, it guarantees the right to life (Article 3). In 1971, the resolution of the GeneralAssembly affirmed that:In order fully to guarantee the rights to life, provided for in article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the mainobjective to be pursued is that of progressively restricting the number of offences for which capital punishment may beimposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing this punishment in all countries’ (UN General Assembly Resolution1971: 94).The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), adopted in 1966, refers to the death penalty as an exceptionto the right to life but clearly advocates the abolition of the death penalty as a human rights objective and provides safeguardsand restrictions on its implementation (Article 6). The ICCPR has been ratified by 173 states as of April 2022. The subsequentadoption of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in 1989 strengthened the UN’s stance against the death penalty inproclaiming the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace and war. The standards set forth by the UN have been reinforcedand strengthened through its various monitoring mechanisms.If the UN functions as a moral entrepreneur promoting the anti–death penalty enterprise, and retentionist governments serve asthe deviant rule-breakers, there is a third set of players: ‘the moral crusaders’ (Becker: 1963). Moral crusaders are actors thatinternalise the norm created by the moral entrepreneur and encourage rule-breakers to conform to the rule—in this case, tomove away from the death penalty.1 For example, the European Union (EU)—a political and economic union of 27 countries—is probably the best known moral crusader for global abolition of the death penalty (Behrmann and York 2013). The abolitionof the death penalty is a major objective of the EU’s external human rights policy and a precondition for EU membership. TheEU has used its diplomatic and political weight to influence countries that have not yet abolished the death penalty to ‘join theranks of the abolitionists’ (European Parliament 2019: para 1). It has employed various strategies to spread the abolitionistagenda, including the adoption of guidelines, issuance of resolutions and use of conditionalities (e.g., Behrmann and York2013; Fawn 2013; Lerch and Schwellnus 2006; Schmidt 2007). In addition to the EU, some abolitionist governments have alsostepped up to assume the role of moral crusader in recent years. The United Kingdom (UK), Norway and, more recently,Australia have separately declared their mission to end the death penalty worldwide (UK Human Rights and DemocracyDepartment 2011; Norwegian Government 2012; Australian Government 2018).This article concerns the emergence of governments as anti–death penalty crusaders. Instead of adding to the mainstreamliterature on the ‘deviant’ rule-breakers that retain the death penalty, I reorient the discussion on death penalty research byoffering a critical reflection on the role of moral crusaders and how they shape global advocacy against the death penalty. I uselabelling theory and performativity theory in advancing my argument. In criminology, labelling theory helped broaden the areasresearched in the study of deviance by highlighting the activities of others than the ‘deviant’ actor. Specifically, I use Becker’s(1963) concepts of ‘moral entrepreneurs’ and ‘moral crusaders’ in positioning death penalty actors because this allows us toexpand the focus from the rule-breakers (retentionist states) to the creators and enforcers of labels (anti–death penaltyadvocates). I then use the concept of performativity to qualify and critically examine the role of moral crusaders. I apply Butler’snotion of ‘performativity’ (1993)—originally used to conceptualise gender—to death penalty advocacy. According to Butler,performativity is the idea that gender is produced through time and negotiation; by repeating certain gestures and phrases andways of being, it congeals into identity. I argue that announcing itself as an anti–death penalty crusader does not automaticallyresult in a government taking a principled stance on the issue.This article makes three observations regarding the benefits and costs of the moral crusader position. First, singling outopposition to the death penalty as the priority within a country’s external human rights policy may, by omission, provide coverfor parallel forms of human rights abuse, such as extrajudicial execution, which are equally problematic if not normativelyworse. Second, moral crusaders gain reputational benefits from their principled position, including laundering their own historywith the practice of the death penalty (e.g., Anderson 2015) and being able to align themselves with other governments andorganisations that stand against the death penalty. Third, a principled position against the death penalty may be difficult touphold in practice and may cause problems for international relations, which require states to work together for shared interests [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2471-Article-Text-9824-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [387] => Array ( [objectID] => 20250 [title] => Death Penalty Politics: The Fragility of Abolition in Asia and the Pacific [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-politics-the-fragility-of-abolition-in-asia-and-the-pacific/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite a steady increase worldwide in the number of states that have abolished the death penalty, capital punishment remains a troubling presence in the international order. The world’s leading powers in terms of economics and population include the retentionist states of China, India, Japan and the United States of America (USA). It seems there is no linear path to abolition, and its achievement is indeterminate. Yet, in international human rights law, death penalty abolition is a powerful norm embraced by half the countries across the world. While the majority of death penalty research has emanated from and focuses on the USA, well over 90 per cent of global executions occur in Asia, which lags behind the global trend towards abolishing the death penalty. Our symposium and this collection seek to bring perspectives from a variety of disciplines and methods—historical, legal, sociological, comparative— to bear on the questions of retention and abolition in a variety of jurisdictions and time periods.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2470Guest EditorialDeath Penalty Politics: The Fragility of Abolitionin Asia and the PacificMark FinnaneGriffith University, AustraliaMai SatoMonash University, AustraliaSusan TrevaskesGriffith University, AustraliaDespite a steady increase worldwide in the number of states that have abolished the death penalty, capital punishment remainsa troubling presence in the international order. In Europe and Latin America, abolition dominates. However, the world’s leadingpowers in terms of economics and population include the retentionist states of China, India, Japan and the United States ofAmerica (USA). It seems there is no linear path to abolition, and its achievement is indeterminate. Yet, in international humanrights law, death penalty abolition is a powerful norm embraced by half the countries across the world.This special collection of articles on the death penalty and the politics of abolition in Asia and the Pacific is published tocoincide with the centenary of one of the world’s earliest statutory abolitions, in the Australian state of Queensland, in August1922. Scholars of the death penalty, its practice and its abolition were invited to participate in a symposium in May 2021 hostedin Melbourne by Eleos Justice at Monash University and the Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research at GriffithUniversity. They were joined by lawyers and abolition advocates, including some who had worked on death row cases.While the majority of death penalty research has emanated from and focuses on the USA, well over 90 per cent of globalexecutions occur in Asia, which lags behind the global trend towards abolishing the death penalty. Our symposium and thiscollection seek to bring perspectives from a variety of disciplines and methods—historical, legal, sociological, comparative—to bear on the questions of retention and abolition in a variety of jurisdictions and time periods. In asking how abolition hasbeen and might be achieved, we consider historical conditions for abolition, political impediments to its advance, thephenomenon of reinstatement of the death penalty, the discursive context of death penalty attrition and the relations betweencivil society activism and governmental legislative programs. If there is one conclusion to these collective studies, it is thefragility of abolition. Abolition may now be widely embraced as a norm of international human rights law, but its establishmentas a comprehensive and irrevocable fact remains elusive. The task of a research collection such as this is to understand whythat may be as a guide to what might be pursued in the future regarding abolition.***Volume 11 (3) 2022 Guest EditorialThe death penalty is a judicial sentence available as an outcome in a criminal trial. It remains in law or is practised in just underhalf the countries in the world. However, its significance cannot be limited to the domestic jurisdictions where it is exercised.International cooperation in law enforcement, expressed in extradition treaties, in addition to policing and criminal intelligencecollaborations, turns the death penalty into an international issue or, at the very least, a matter of bilateral interest and potentialconflict. Retentionist states insist on their sovereign right to social defence against crime and other harms. Abolitionist statesassert their own sovereignty in decisions to resist demands for extradition of persons wanted for prosecution in death penaltyjurisdictions. These facts of contemporary international relations highlight the interests at stake for all in the politics of abolition.Even once accomplished, abolition in a single jurisdiction is never complete in a world where the death penalty is retained.For this reason alone, and even in attrition, the death penalty continues to demand attention. The focus of this collection is arange of problems in research, policy and activism that bear on the past and future of abolition politics. How is abolitionachieved? What is the role of civil society in its pursuit? Why do jurisdictions of similar character abolish or retain the deathpenalty? What conditions allow for its reintroduction? What is at stake in discourses of the death penalty? How is aninternational norm transformed into a general practice? These and other questions arise variously in the articles published here.Below, we develop a perspective on these questions regarding the politics of abolition.The pathway to abolition is historically contingent on the highly varied political conditions associated with the character ofdomestic criminal law. In many of the states of the Asian and Pacific region, the criminal law was shaped by the experience ofempire, particularly the British empire. The death penalty was a judicial sentence in the introduced criminal law, and itslongevity has been associated with the survival of that framework. However, the imperial histories of the region weredynamic—and the postwar independence achieved over many decades sometimes followed the abolition of the death penalty,in part or whole, by the imperial government. Even so, in states as different as India and the small states of the South Pacific,imperial legacies continued to be expressed in the language and remedies of the law, changing only slowly over time. The resulthas been a patchwork of abolition and retention in the states of the former British empire. As discussed in this collection, thedeath penalty is retained in India, Malaysia and Singapore, while it has long since been abolished in the Pacific states ofSolomon Islands, Tuvalu and Kiribati, which inherited an already abolitionist criminal law at their independence in the 1970s.In other parts of the British empire, such as the settler colonial states of Australia and New Zealand, abolition was never astraightforward process of linear development. The Queensland abolition of 1922 might have been followed, but was not, inthe adjacent and politically similar jurisdiction of New South Wales shortly after, while New Zealand abolished just severalyears later, only to reintroduce. Moreover, an Australian colonial history in Papua New Guinea, continued under internationalmandate responsibilities between 1920 and 1975, was the vehicle for death penalty retention that has persisted to a belatedabolition in 2022.In some states, abolition has been associated with the achievement of independence from former colonial rule. In others, itfollows a long period of attrition of use of the death penalty. However, tracking that attrition and determining how far it reflectsa shift in policy as well as practice is challenging, particularly in examining states with opaque administrative and politicalhistories. States may deploy the discourse of the judicial death penalty as a tool of social policy or social defence—even whilethe use of capital punishment declines. But, does a disappearing discourse of the death penalty signal a policy shift that mightresult in abolition, or is it just another phase of domestic politics? These have been particularly pertinent questions for scholarstracking contemporary Chinese death penalty policy in one of the world’s top executing states.Complete abolition (in law and in practice) commonly follows a long period of disuse of the death penalty or a slow decline inits frequency. Yet, as several articles in this collection explore, the attrition of the death penalty is no guarantee of its removalfrom the criminal justice armoury. Historical and contemporary examples confirm the position—abolition is a fragile thing,and complete abolition has been and continues to be challenged by changing political alignments, including populist invocationsof law-and-order remedies to address social disorder and crime, real and imagined. As we write, the state of Malaysia hassignalled its intention to remove the mandatory death penalty, a decision that reverses an earlier retraction of an announcementof abolition in 2018. Commonly, the progress of abolition is marked by an incremental removal of capital offences from thepenal regime—yet, as examples as contrasting as India and Papua New Guinea demonstrate, the eruption of social anxieties inthe wake of extreme events of crime or terrorism can play havoc with the expectations of a more measured statutory approachto death penalty reform.In this context, it is evident that a great burden is placed on the abolitionist commitment of civil society activism, includingprofessionals closely linked to death penalty case advocacy and governments engaged in an international politics of abolition.At this point, as is also addressed in this collection, the interdependency of civil society activists and governmental decision-makers is crucial. Especially in death penalty states that have historical, political and economic ties with now-abolitionist states,Volume 11 (3) 2022 Guest Editorialclemency campaigns for particular individuals have played a major role in elevating to continuing public attention the realityof death penalty practice in the contemporary world.In this context, we call attention to the need for governments committed to abolition through their endorsement of the SecondOptional Protocol (1989) to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to match their commitment with activeadvocacy. In Australia, the historic and politically bipartisan commitment to an international advocacy of abolition has beenwelcomed widely. However, the challenge of such a stance is to meet the expectation that this is more than a ritualisticexpression of progressive politics. As we have emphasised at the outset of these remarks, the retention of the death penalty insome states of a globalised and interdependent world presents repeated occasion for abolitionist states to match their domesticachievement with actions that keep faith with their embrace of [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2470-Article-Text-9787-1-10-20220816-1.pdf ) [388] => Array ( [objectID] => 21540 [title] => AEDPA Repeal [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/aedpa-repeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Given how pressing the problem has become, and the real interest in reforms to promote access to justice, this article takes a different tack than prior habeas reform work: to restore habeas corpus to its pre-AEDPA and pre-Rehnquist court state, in which a federal court can review claims and reach their merits. The approach would preserve flexibility at the district court level and remove the many layers of procedural complexity that the Supreme Court and then Congress have erected. We believe that deep changes are needed, and in that, we agree with judges and scholars that have for some time proposed such changes in the writ. As we describe, AEDPA was enacted as a culmination of more than two decades of complex Supreme Court law that had already limited access to federal habeas corpus. While AEDPA incorporated some of those procedural rulings, the concern would be that should AEDPA be repealed, even in part, those court-made restrictions could be interpreted to supplant AEDPA restrictions. Clear statutory language will be needed to ensure that the Court does not frustrate Congress, as it has in the past, by supplementing statutory text in order to limit constitutional remedies. We do not mean to suggest that the various proposals set out here are exhaustive. Our goal is to promote careful considerations of alternatives to the present-day set of federal habeas corpus statutes and accompanying judicial interpretation. [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN606.txt unknown Seq: 1 3-JAN-23 12:26AEDPA REPEALBrandon L. Garrett† & Kaitlin Phillips††The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996(“AEDPA”) dramatically altered the scope of federal habeascorpus. Enacted in response to a domestic terrorism attack,followed by a capital prosecution, and after decades ofproposals seeking to limit post-conviction review of deathsentences, and Supreme Court rulings severely limitingfederal habeas remedies, AEDPA was ratified with littlediscussion or deliberation. The law and politics of deathpenalty litigation, which had been particularly active since theU.S. Supreme Court invalidated all death penalty schemes inits 1972 ruling in Furman v. Georgia, culminated inrestrictions for all federal habeas corpus cases, whethercapital or non-capital. Still more perverse, the impact ofAEDPA was particularly strong in non-capital cases. Since itsenactment, AEDPA has been widely criticized by academics,legislators, and judges for erecting a complex, poorly draftedset of procedural barriers and for limiting federal review on themerits of most constitutional claims. This Article examinesstatutory approaches designed to restore federal habeascorpus. Any partial or complete repeal of AEDPA raisescomplex and unexplored issues. The central challenge is thatAEDPA operates alongside decades of Supreme Court-createdrestrictions of federal habeas corpus. In this Article, we walkthrough proposals for how AEDPA provisions could beamended, benefits and costs of each change, and howSupreme Court doctrine affects each choice. AEDPA repeal isnot as simple as eliminating the judicially-created doctrine ofqualified immunity in civil rights litigation. However, realimprovements to federal habeas practice are achievable, andin this Article, we provide a legislative roadmap for habeasreform through AEDPA repeal.† L. Neil Williams, Jr. Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law andDirector, Wilson Center for Science and Justice. Many thanks to John Blume,Rebecca Brown, Lee Kovarsky, and Laura Nirider for comments on earlier drafts,as well as participants at the symposium hosted by Cornell Law Review.†† J.D., 2021, Duke University School of Law.1739\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN606.txt unknown Seq: 2 3-JAN-23 12:261740 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1739I NTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1740 RI. AEDPA AND F EDERAL HABEAS CORPUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1747 RA. Statutory Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1749 RB. Pre-AEDPA Caselaw Regulating Federal HabeasCorpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1752 RC. The Impact of AEDPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1756 R1. AEDPA Statute of Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1757 R2. AEDPA and State Court Fact Finding . . . . . . 1759 R3. AEDPA’s Limitation on Merits Relief . . . . . . . 1760 RII. AEDPA AMENDMENT AND REPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1764 RA. Remove or Amend the 28 U.S.C. §2254(d)Relitigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765 RB. Codify Teague to Preserve Mixed QuestionReview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767 RC. Revise AEDPA’s Procedural Restrictions . . . . . . 1768 R1. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b): Second or SuccessivePetitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1769 R2. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d): Statute ofLimitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771 RIII. IMPLICATIONS OF AEDPA REPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778 RA. Prior Habeas Reform Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778 RB. Civil Rights Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1779 RC. A Consequentialist Case for Federal HabeasReform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1780 RCONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1782 RINTRODUCTIONIn 1997, a California jury convicted Shirley Ree Smith ofshaking her infant grandson to death and the judge sentencedher to fifteen years to life in prison. 1 Smith steadfastlymaintained innocence. 2 The evidence underlying Smith’sconviction was, at best, conflicting. Prosecutors based theirtheory of the case on the findings of two forensic pathologists,one of whom told the jury that the child was killed by “invisibleinjuries to his brain stem.” 3 Yet, they found no injuries that fitthe pattern traditionally associated with a “shaken babysyndrome” diagnosis 4 —a since-partially discredited medical1 Smith v. Mitchell, 437 F.3d 884, 888 (9th Cir. 2006).2 A.C. Thompson, California Governor Commutes Sentence in Shaken BabyCase, PRO PUBLICA (Apr. 6, 2012), https://www.propublica.org/article/california-governor-commutes-sentence-in-shaken-baby-case [https://perma.cc/93XW-R3KM].3 Id.4 Id. Shaken baby cases typically relied on expert medical testimony thatthere was some indicator of violent shaking, “such as bruises on the body, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/aedpa-repeal/ ) [389] => Array ( [objectID] => 21539 [title] => The Modern Federal Death Penalty: A Cruel and Unusual Penalty [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-modern-federal-death-penalty-a-cruel-and-unusual-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The federal death penalty today would be unrecognizable to the founders, who saw the ultimate penalty as a means of protecting sovereign interests and who therefore carefully guarded the practice at English common law of yielding national interests to local ones. Over the course of time, the geographic distribution and substantive basis for the penalty changed, but until the modern era, its underlying purpose did not. As the Trump era executions made painfully clear, however, the federal death penalty today is different. It is disproportionately imposed for crimes that could have readily been prosecuted by other jurisdictions and that have little obvious connection to federal sovereignty, and it is disproportionately imposed against non-white people. By any rational measure, it is vanishingly rare, and it serves no valid penological goal. Simply put, federal death sentences today are, in most cases, “cruel and unusual in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual.” [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN605.txt unknown Seq: 1 3-JAN-23 12:25THE MODERN FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY:A CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTHannah Freedman†INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689 RI. AN ORIGINAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE FEDERAL DEATHPENALTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695 RA. English Common Law and the Role of LocalSentencing Practice at the Founding . . . . . . . . . 1696 RB. Early Post-Revolution Sentencing Practices inthe United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705 RII. THE FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY BY THE NUMBERS . . . . . 1710 RA. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712 RB. The Five Eras of the Federal Death Penalty . . . 1716 RC. The Current Status of the Federal DeathPenalty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725 RIII. THE MODERN FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY: A CRUEL ANDUNUSUAL PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1727 RA. The Supreme Court’s Evolving Standards ofDecency Jurisprudence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1728 RB. The National Consensus Against the FederalDeath Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1730 R1. Actual Sentencing Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1732 R2. Law in Peer Nations and in Indian Territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1733 RC. The Federal Death Penalty, in Nearly All of ItsModern Applications, Lacks Any ValidPenological Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1735 RCONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1738 RINTRODUCTIONIn the early hours of January 18, 2021, the Federal Bureauof Prisons, under the direction of Donald Trump’s Departmentof Justice, executed Dustin Higgs by lethal injection. Higgs’s† Staff Attorney and the Director of Juvenile Litigation, Justice 360 andadjunct clinical professor, Cornell Law School. A special thanks to Sam Thypin-Bermeo, without whose insight, feedback, and general brilliance this article wouldnever have been possible. And thank you to Andrew Lee, Ryan Baldwin, ClairePiorkowski, Houston Brown, Andrew Gelfand, Peyton Brooks, and the othereditors and members of the Cornell Law Review for their excellent editorial work.All mistakes are mine.1689\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN605.txt unknown Seq: 2 3-JAN-23 12:251690 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1689death marked the end of a chaotic flurry of executions by anoutgoing administration that had executed twelve other peopleover the prior six months, for a total of thirteen executions. 1The Trump executions were widely publicized and broadlycondemned domestically and abroad, 2 in part because theytook place in the depths of the COVID-19 pandemic; 3 in partbecause they took place during an election year (or, in the caseof the last five executions, while Trump was a lame duckpresident); and in part because they represented an abruptchange-of-course for the federal government, which had notexecuted anybody in seventeen years. 4 Before Donald Trump’spresidency, the reality was that most federal death sentenceswere not carried out;5 from the beginning of the “modern era” of1 The Trump administration executed the following individuals: Daniel LewisLee (7/14/2020); Wesley Ira Purkey (7/16/2020); Dustin Lee Honkin (7/17/2020); Lezmond Charles Mitchell (8/26/2020); Keith Dwayne Nelson (8/28/2020); William Emmett Lecroy, Jr. (9/22/2020); Christopher Andre Vialva (9/24/2020); Orlando Cordia Hall (11/19/2020); Brandon Bernard (12/10/2020);Alfred Bourgeois (12/11/2020); Lisa Montgomery (1/13/2021); Cory Johnson (1/14/2021); and Dustin John Higgs (1/16/2021). Historical Information: CapitalPunishment, F ED . BUREAU OF PRISONS , https://www.bop.gov/about/history/federal_executions.jsp [https://perma.cc/YK72-C9DA] (last visited Mar. 8, 2022).2 E.g., E. Tammy Kim, Trump’s Final Cruelty: Executing Prisoners, N EWYORKER (Nov. 25, 2020), https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/trumps-final-cruelty-executing-prisoners [https://perma.cc/VP5L-SAEH]; LukeHarding, Trump Administration Condemned over Lisa Montgomery Execution,GUARDIAN (Jan. 13, 2021), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/13/us-carries-out-first-federal-execution-of-a-woman-in-nearly-seven-decades[https://perma.cc/ZKC4-8CDY]; Holly Honderich, In Trump’s Final Days, a Rushof Federal Executions, BBC NEWS (Jan. 16, 2021), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55236260 [https://perma.cc/6MAD-MBH2].3 At least one of the people executed in 2021 appears to have had COVID-19at the time of his death, and the federal executions were themselves COVID-19“superspreader” events. See Michael Tarm, Michael Balsamo & Michael R. Sisak,AP Analysis: Federal Executions Likely a COVID Superspreader, AP N EWS (Feb. 5,2021), https://apnews.com/article/public-health-prisons-health-coronavirus-pandemic-executions-956da680790108d8b7e2d8f1567f3803 [https://perma.cc/E892-MF2D].4 Lee Kovarsky, The Trump Executions, 100 T EX . L. REV . 621, 621 (2022). Asothers have noted, the long hiatus in federal executions—and the fact that it tookthe Trump Administration almost four years to implement the campaign promiseof executions—is partially attributable to difficulties in developing a viableexecution protocol and obtaining the necessary lethal injection drugs. See id. at671. Nevertheless, the following states carried out at least one execution betweenMarch 2003 and July 2020: Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Connecticut;Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Indiana; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland;Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; North Carolina; Ohio;Oklahoma; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Virginia; andWashington. See Execution Database, D EATH P ENALTY INFO . CTR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/execution-database [https://perma.cc/VC9P-P3CC] (last visited Mar. 31, 2022).5 This is not to imply that a death sentence is not excruciating, even when itis not carried out. As Justice Stevens observed, the death penalty arguably serves [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/the-modern-federal-death-penalty-a-cruel-and-unusual-penalty/ ) [390] => Array ( [objectID] => 21538 [title] => Little Furmans Everywhere: State Court Intervention and the Decline of the American Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/little-furmans-everywhere-state-court-intervention-and-the-decline-of-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article retraces the evolution and recent decline of death peanlty in the United States, notablt through state court interventions. These dynamics between judicial and political action illuminate the importance of state court intervention in the story of the American death penalty’s precipitous decline, which has tended to foreground other institutional actors and to neglect the complex interactions among branches of government. State judicial rulings, though often highly technical and, therefore, less visible and accessible to the public, have been a pervasive and powerful force in the two-decade-long diminution of the practice of capital punishment across the United States. [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN604.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-DEC-22 10:32LITTLE FURMANS EVERYWHERE: STATECOURT INTERVENTION AND THE DECLINEOF THE AMERICAN DEATH PENALTYCarol S. Steiker† & Jordan M. Steiker††I NTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621 RI. FLIPPING THE SCRIPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1625 RA. New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1627 RB. Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1632 RII. EXTENDING A BOLITION RETROACTIVELY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1638 RA. Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639 RB. Beyond Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1648 RIII. PRESERVING LEGISLATIVE REFORM: NORTH CAROLINA . . 1652 RIV. REGULATING THE DEATH PENALTY TO DEATH: NEWJERSEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1662 RV. COUP DE GRACE BY JUDICIAL ABOLITION: WASHINGTONSTATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1671 RCONCLUSION: STATE C OURT INTERVENTION AS ENGINE OFDECLINE (OR STABILIZATION?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1682 RINTRODUCTIONIn 1972, the California Supreme Court in People v.Anderson1 and the U.S. Supreme Court in Furman v. Georgia2abolished the death penalty pursuant to state and federalconstitutional law, respectively. Both decisions evokedenormous popular backlash in an era of rising violent crimerates, including the Charles Manson murders in California andan increased threat of airline hijacking nationwide (andworldwide). In California, the Anderson decision wassuperseded that same year by a ballot initiative that amendedthe California constitution to ensure the constitutionality ofcapital punishment. 3 At the federal level, the U.S. SupremeCourt revisited its Furman decision four years later in Gregg v.† Henry J. Friendly Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. We thank KevinBendesky and Anne Frances Clark for their terrific research assistance.†† Judge Robert M. Parker Endowed Chair in Law, University of Texas Schoolof Law.1 493 P.2d 880 (Cal. 1972).2 408 U.S. 238 (1972).3 See California Proposition 17, Death Penalty in the California Constitution(1972), B ALLOTPEDIA , https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_17,_Death_1621\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN604.txt unknown Seq: 2 23-DEC-22 10:321622 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1621Georgia, 4 re-authorizing the death penalty nationwide with itsvalidation of new capital statutes that purported to guide theexercise of discretion by capital sentencers.Such speedy about-faces might be seen as evidence of thelimits of constitutional intervention, at least with regard totopics as “hot” as the death penalty. Under this view, if thepolitical branches of government are not ready to act, courtscannot get out too far ahead without facing backlash, asobservers have often commented with regard to other hot-button issues like school integration and abortion rights. 5 Andif the political branches are ready to act without a judicialmandate, then constitutional intervention by courts issuperfluous.For the first few decades after Furman, the U.S. SupremeCourt continued to refine procedures for new guided-discretioncapital sentencing regimes but left the substance of the deathpenalty alone. State courts largely followed suit under theirown state constitutions. Death sentences and executionssurged as the political branches continued to embrace thedeath penalty, with death sentences and executions bothreaching their nationwide modern-era (post-1976) highs duringthe late 1990s.6Starting around 2000, however, the trend reversed. Deathsentences and executions dramatically declined nationwideover the course of the next two decades. Prosecutors soughtthe death penalty less often, juries returned fewer deathsentences when it was sought, some governors imposedmoratoria on carrying out death sentences, and numerousPenalty_in_the_California_Constitution_(1972) [https://perma.cc/9FXJ-NX69](last visited Aug. 20, 2022).4 428 U.S. 153 (1976) (upholding Georgia’s new guided-discretion capitalstatute).5 See, e.g., Michael J. Klarman, How Brown Changed Race Relations: TheBacklash Thesis, 81 J. A M . HIST . 81 (1994) (discussing the backlash to Brown v.Board); Emily Bazelon, Backlash Whiplash: Is Justice Ginsburg Right that Roe v.Wade Should Make the Court Cautious About Gay Marriage?, S LATE (May 14,2013), https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/05/justice-ginsburg-and-roe-v-wade-caution-for-gay-marriage.html [https://perma.cc/KPZ7-H2SY](describing Justice Ginsburg’s concern that the backlash to Roe v. Wade wouldhelp conservative opponents impede the abortion rights movement).6 Death sentences reached their modern-era high of 315 in 1996. See DeathSentences in the United States Since 1977, D EATH PENALTY INFO . CTR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/sentencing-data/death-sentences-in-the-united-states-from-1977-by-state-and-by-year [https://perma.cc/CWN2-4365] (last visited Aug. 20, 2022). Executions reached their modern-era high of98 in 1999. See Facts About the Death Penalty, D EATH PENALTY INFO . CTR ., https://documents.deathpenaltyinfo.org/pdf/FactSheet.pdf [https://perma.cc/H8SH-BNYM] (last updated Aug. 18, 2022). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/little-furmans-everywhere-state-court-intervention-and-the-decline-of-the-american-death-penalty/ ) [391] => Array ( [objectID] => 21534 [title] => Ghosts of Executions Past: A Case Study of Executions in South Carolina in the Pre-Furman Era [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ghosts-of-executions-past-a-case-study-of-executions-in-south-carolina-in-the-pre-furman-era/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The protracted and (somewhat) ongoing debate over whether lethal injection—in some or all of its forms—is cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment is the newest variation on the question of whether a particular form of capital punishment is inhumane and cruel. The history of capital punishment in the United States over the last two centuries has been punctuated by attempts to find less painful and gruesome ways to kill persons society has condemned to die. Ironically, at least from a historical perspective, some recent executions have seen condemned inmates or their attorneys elect some of the older methods, i.e., electrocution, or offer, as a potentially less painful alternative, the firing squad or death by lethal gas. And some states, including the main subject of this article, have resurrected electrocution and the firing squad because of a claimed inability or difficulty in obtaining execution drugs. In this article, the authors trace the history of execution methods in the pre-modern era of capital punishment (before 1972), primarily in South Carolina, pointing out the often-intractable problems with their implementation process (including specific “botches”), and then address other aspects of executions that have relevance to the current debate about the wisdom and efficacy of retaining the “modern” American death penalty in the twenty-first century. [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN602.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-DEC-22 10:48GHOSTS OF EXECUTIONS PAST: A CASESTUDY OF EXECUTIONS IN SOUTHCAROLINA IN THE PRE-FURMAN ERAJohn H. Blume†INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1799 RI. EXECUTIONS, BOTCHES AND THE SEARCH FOR MOREHUMANE METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1801 RII. PUBLIC EXECUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1824 RIII. MULTIPLE E XECUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827 RIV. THE NUMBERS AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF EXECUTIONCONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1828 RINTRODUCTIONDuring the waning months of the Trump Administration,thirteen persons on federal death row were executed. 1 They allmaintained that the lethal injection protocol the federalgovernment intended to use presented an unconstitutional riskof a torturous death. While lower federal courts determinedthat their allegations deserved additional scrutiny, and inseveral cases entered injunctions preventing the executions, anexasperated majority of the United States Supreme Court inBarr v. Lee summarily vacated the lower court’s decision andeffectively “greenlighted” lethal injection executions if they canbe carried out by a single dose of pentobarbital sodium. 2 TheCourt reasoned that this dosage is widely conceded to render aperson “fully insensate” and does not carry the risks of painthat “some have associated with other lethal injectionprotocols.”3 Barr is the most recent in a series of decisions bythe Court upholding various forms of lethal injection againstconstitutional attack, and declaring that the federalgovernment and the States, “[f]ar from seeking to superaddterror, pain, or disgrace to their executions,” have attempted to† Samuel F. Leibowitz Professor of Trial Techniques at Cornell Law Schooland Director of the Cornell Death Penalty Project.1 For a more detailed discussion of the federal death penalty generally andthe recent federal executions specifically, see Hannah L. Freedman, The ModernFederal Death Penalty: A Cruel and Unusual Punishment, 107 C ORNELL L. REV .1689 (2022).2 140 S. Ct. 2590, 2591 (2020) (per curiam).3 Id.1799\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN602.txt unknown Seq: 2 23-DEC-22 10:481800 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1799develop new ways to carry out executions that are “less painfuland more humane than traditional methods, like hanging, thathave been uniformly regarded as constitutional for centuries.” 4The protracted and (somewhat) ongoing debate overwhether lethal injection—in some or all of its forms—is crueland unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment is thenewest variation on the question of whether a particular formof capital punishment is inhumane and cruel. 5 The history ofcapital punishment in the United States over the last twocenturies has been punctuated by attempts to find less painfuland gruesome ways to kill persons society has condemned todie. Ironically, at least from a historical perspective, somerecent executions have seen condemned inmates or theirattorneys elect some of the older methods, i.e., electrocution, 6or offer, as a potentially less painful alternative, the firingsquad or death by lethal gas. 7 And some states, including themain subject of this Article, have resurrected electrocution andthe firing squad because of a claimed inability or difficulty inobtaining execution drugs. In this Article, I will trace the4 Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Bucklew v. Precythe, 139 S. Ct. 1112,1124 (2019)); see also Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35, 54–56 (2008) (holding that “therisks [of administering an inadequate sodium thiopental dose are not] sosubstantial or imminent as to amount to an Eighth Amendment violation”);Glossip v. Gross, 576 U.S. 863, 867 (2015) (holding that “the prisoners failed toidentify a known and available alternative method of execution that entails alesser risk of pain . . . [and] the District Court did not commit clear error when itfound that the prisoners failed to establish that Oklahoma’s use of a massive doseof midazolam in its execution protocol entails a substantial risk of severe pain”).The challenges to lethal injection, in (very) broad strokes, fall into two buckets.The first has to do with the use of particular drugs in a multi-drug lethal injectionprotocol, e.g., midazolam, and whether it will render a person fully insensate atthe time of the administration of the drugs that kills the inmate. E.g., Glossip, 576U.S. at 867. More recent challenges have been to the use of a single drug,pentobarbitol sodium, and whether it can cause “flash pulmonary edema, whichcan lead to a sensation akin to drowning and extreme pain, terror, and panic,” asJustice Sotomayor observed in her dissenting opinion in Barr v. Lee, 140 S. Ct. at2593 (Sotomayor, J., dissenting) (internal quotation marks omitted).5 See Jeffrey E. Stern, The Cruel and Unusual Execution of Clayton Lockett,ATLANTIC , June 2015 (describing the botched and torturous lethal injection ofClayton Lockett in Oklahoma); see also Glossip, 576 U.S. at 867 (assessingwhether the use of midazolam violates the Eighth Amendment).6 Tennessee Inmate Chooses Electric Chair over Lethal Injection, BBC N EWS(Dec. 7, 2018), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46465038 [https://perma.cc/NS9Z-74GL].7 See Bucklew, 139 S. Ct. at 1129. In recent cases, the Supreme Court hasheld that an inmate raising an Eighth Amendment challenge to a state or federalgovernment’s method of execution must offer a “feasible, readily implemented”alternative method of execution that would significantly lessen the risk of severepain identified in the execution method the state or federal government proposesto use. Id. at 1121. The failure to do so renders the claim defective as a matter oflaw. Id.\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN602.txt unknown Seq: 3 23-DEC-22 10:482022] Blume - Ghosts Of Executions Past 1801history of execution methods in the pre-modern era of capitalpunishment (before 1972), primarily in South Carolina,pointing out the often-intractable problems with theirimplementation process (including specific “botches”), andthen address other aspects of executions that have relevance tothe current debate about the wisdom and efficacy of retainingthe “modern” American death penalty in the twenty-firstcentury.8IEXECUTIONS, BOTCHES AND THE SEARCH FOR MOREHUMANE METHODSAt some points in the past, in South Carolina andelsewhere, executions were intended to be brutal in order toincrease their deterrent effect, for example, the burning orgibbeting of enslaved persons for plotting or participating inrebellions or crimes of violence against their owners, but suchexecutions were relatively rare. 9 There are documented casesof such executions in South Carolina, although undoubtedlythere were more than I have been able to establish. Forexample, the enslaved persons who participated in the PrimusRebellion in the 1720s were executed in public in brutalfashion and the alleged leader of the revolt was hung “in8 Most scholars conceive of the death penalty as having a “modern” and pre-modern era. The line of demarcation is the United States Supreme Court’sdecision in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) (per curiam), which held thatall then-existing death penalty statutes violated the Eighth Amendment’s ban oncruel and unusual punishment. See id. at 239–40. The Court did not, however,hold that the death penalty was under all circumstances unconstitutional; ratherthe defects were in the manner in which capital punishment was applied. See id.Four years later, the Court decided that the death penalty was not per seunconstitutional and also established the parameters of a constitutional capitalsentencing scheme. See, e.g., Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 206–07 (1976)(plurality opinion) (upholding Georgia’s newly enacted bifurcated, discretionarycapital punishment law); Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280, 302–05(1976) (plurality opinion) (finding North Carolina’s post-Furman mandatoryconstitutional scheme unconstitutional). For a more detailed discussion ofFurman and Gregg and the modern era death penalty in South Carolina, see JohnH. Blume & Lindsey S. Vann, Forty Years of Death: The Past, Present, and Futureof the Death Penalty in South Carolina (Still Arbitrary After All These Years), 11DUKE J. CONST . L. & PUB . POL ’Y 183 (2016); John H. Blume, Sheri L. Johnson,Emily C. Paavola & Keir M. Weyble, When Lightning Strikes Back: South Carolina’sReturn to the Unconstitutional, Standardless Capital Sentencing Regime of the Pre-Furman Era, 4 C HARLESTON L. REV . 479 (2010); John H. Blume, Twenty-Five Yearsof Death: A Report of the Cornell Death Penalty Project on the “Modern” Era ofCapital Punishment in South Carolina, 54 S.C. L. R EV . 285 (2002).9 WALTER EDGAR , SOUTH CAROLINA : A HISTORY 73–81 (1998); S TUART BANNER ,T HE DEATH PENALTY : AN AMERICAN HISTORY 70–72 (2002). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/ghosts-of-executions-past-a-case-study-of-executions-in-south-carolina-in-the-pre-furman-era/ ) [392] => Array ( [objectID] => 20973 [title] => Legislative Expansion and Judicial Confusion: Uncertain Trajectories of the Death Penalty in India [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/legislative-expansion-and-judicial-confusion-uncertain-trajectories-of-the-death-penalty-in-india-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The numbers and the politics of the death penalty in India tell very different stories, presenting complicated narratives for its future. The public reaction to instances of sexual violence and other offences over the last decade and the consequent political response has significantly strengthened the retention and expansion of the death penalty. This is reflected from the fact that that of all the death sentences that district courts impose, only about 5 percent get confirmed in India’s appellate system. However, does this mean there is growing scepticism about the death penalty in the Supreme Court of India? Unfortunately, the answer is far from simple. An assessment of the death penalty in India’s appellate courts during the last decade will demonstrate that a crime-centric approach has hindered any principled discomfort with the death penalty or the manner of its administration. In particular, the Supreme Court has faltered in high-profile death sentence cases (i.e., offences against the state and sexual violence cases), and its track record of commutations has very little to do with principled considerations on sentencing. This paper argues that the political and judicial imagination of the death penalty, as a necessary part of the response to crime, creates significant and unique challenges for the path towards abolition.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11(3) 2022https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2477Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)67© The Author/s 2022Legislative Expansion and Judicial Confusion: Uncertain Trajectories of the Death Penalty in IndiaAnup SurendranathProfessor of Law, National Law University, IndiaMaulshree PathakAdvocate, High Court of Delhi, IndiaAbstractKeywords:Death penalty;judicial response;legislative expansion;sentencing.IntroductionThe death penalty in India evokes a strong emotional response but little principled discourse. In 2021, threekey developments have accurately summarised the state of administration of the death penalty in India today. First, India voted against the resolution passed by the United Nations Human Rights Council on the ‘question of the death penalty’ (United Nations Human Rights Council 2021). Second, the number of death row prisoners in India was 488, the highest since 2004; however, the Supreme Court did not uphold a single death sentence, a first since at least 2016 (Project 39A 2022: 7). Further, if recent legislative developments are any indicator, current governmental policy appears skewed towards retention and expansion of the death penalty. This is also reflected in a rise in the number of death sentences awarded by trial courts. Conversely, however, the Supreme Court has seemingly expanded the scope and contours of the rights and procedural safeguards available to prisoners sentenced to death, resulting in fewer confirmations. However, despite the apparent emphasis on the reformation andrights of prisoners sentenced to death, death sentences in fourcases were confirmed in the last decade, leading to theexecution of seven prisoners.1This number is significant because the first decade of the 21stcentury saw oneexecution—that of Dhananjoy Chaterjee in 2004.The numbers and the politics of the death penalty in India tell very different stories, presenting complicated narratives for its future. The public reaction to instances of sexual violence and other offences over the last decade and the consequent political response has significantly strengthened the retention and expansion of the death penalty. This is reflected from the fact that that of all the death sentences that district courts impose, only about 5 per cent get confirmed in India’s appellate system. However, does this mean there is growing scepticism about the death penalty in the Supreme Court of India? Unfortunately, the answer is far from simple. An assessment of the death penalty in India’s appellate courts during the last decade will demonstrate that a crime-centric approach has hindered any principled discomfort with the death penalty or the manner of its administration. In particular, the Supreme Court has faltered in high-profile death sentence cases (i.e., offences against the state and sexual violence cases), and its track record of commutations has very little to do with principled considerations on sentencing. This paper argues that the political and judicial imagination of the death penalty, as a necessary part of the response to crime, creates significant and unique challenges for the path towards abolition.Volume 11(3)2022Surendranathand Pathak68This paper outlines the legislative and judicial developments of the last decade to argue that despite a lack of concrete evidence to support its value, the death penalty is imagined increasingly as a solution to not only terror and sexual offences but also other offences. Operating within the broader context of public support for extrajudicial killings and retributive responses, the death penalty has served as a useful tool of political appeasement without any real engagement with the issues that plague the Indian criminal justice system. Over the last decade (2012–2022), the death penalty story in India follows different arcs in the legislative and judicial spheres. In response to widespread public reaction to certain incidents of sexual violence between 2012 and 2020, there has been significant legislative expansion of the death penalty, even to include non-homicide sexual violence against children. Such expansion has also been seen in statutes on alcohol prohibition, anti-hijacking of aeroplanes and human trafficking. The future of the death penalty in India must be appreciated in this context of legislative expansion and judicial confusion. Today, it is obvious that even within the different levels of the judiciary, divergent stories are being told. While trial courts demonstrate exaggerated use of the death penalty, the Supreme Court seems to be confirming death sentences in a far smaller proportion of cases.This paper begins by analysing the legislative and judicial developments in the field of the death penalty in 1860–2010. Using the 2012 Delhi gang rape as a turning point, we analyse the trajectory of the death penalty to argue that legislative expansion has been met with judicial restriction and confusion.Evolution of the Death Penalty in India: 1860–2010India is a quasi-federal country, governed through a union government at the centre and respective state governments. The Constitution of India 1950delineates the legislative powers between the Parliament of India and the state legislative assemblies through the Union List, State List and the Concurrent List. Criminal law is a legislative field under the Concurrent List, where legislations by the Parliament of India2have precedence over the ones passed by the state legislative assemblies. The Indian Penal Code 1860(IPC) is a legislation by the Parliament of India (central legislation), as is the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. State governments enforce the IPC along with other criminal law statutes passed by both the parliament and respective state legislative assemblies. The judiciary in the criminal justice system has a three-tiered structure with the Supreme Court of India, High Courts for each of the states and the trial courts. Trial courts are empowered to impose the death sentence; such sentences mandatorily require confirmation by the High Court. In certain types of death sentence cases, the Constitution assures the right to appeal in the Supreme Court.3However, in all other matters, it is a matter of discretion whether an appeal against a death sentence is admitted for hearing before the Supreme Court.4The death penalty as a punishment has existed on the statute books since 1860 when the IPC was enacted while India was still a British colony—post-independence, it was adopted by the Parliament of India. This section provides an overview of the use of the death penalty by the legislature between 1860 and 2020 and its simultaneous treatmentby the judiciary. Then, these developments are placed alongside empirical data on death sentences and executions.Legislative EvolutionThe death penalty as a punishment has come a long way since the passing of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898(old Code). The old Code provided that in cases of offences punishable by death under the IPC and other legislations, the judge had limited discretion not to award the sentence of death and was required to record special reasons for imposing life imprisonment instead of death (s 367(5)). A 1955 amendment left the decision entirely at the discretion of the sentencing judges, without any legislative preference for either punishment (Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act 1955: s 66). The next major legislative shift came with the passing of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973(new Code), which provided threesignificant safeguards for offences punishable with death. First, death sentences require special reasons if chosen over life imprisonment (s 354(3)). Second, all sentences of death passed by trial courts are subject to confirmation by the High Court (s 366(1)).5Third, judges are required to hear offenders on sentencing in a separate hearing after they have been convicted (s 235(2)). Over theyears, some unsuccessful attempts have also been made by private member Bills moved in parliament to abolish the death penalty (Law Commission of India 2015: 36).On the legislative front, the death penalty as a punishment was found in at least 17statutes and in the IPC (National Law University Delhi 2016: 33). Within the IPC, the majority of capital offences involve the killing (or attempted killing) of the victim6and certain offences against the state.7Notably, kidnapping for ransom (s 364A) is a non-homicide capital offence introduced in the IPC in 1993. The capital offences in other legislations included both homicide and non-homicide offences, the latter of which related to, inter alia, the conduct of members of armed forces during war,8the conduct of members of paramilitary forces,9and using explosive substances (Explosive Substances Act 1908: s 3(b)) and terror offences (Unlawful Activities Prevention Act 1967: ss 10(b)(i), 16(1)(a); Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act 1987: s 3; Prevention [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/2477/1272 ) [393] => Array ( [objectID] => 21530 [title] => Explaining the Invidious: How Race Influences Capital Punishment in America [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/explaining-the-invidious-how-race-influences-capital-punishment-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article primarily focuses on how racial bias creates nearly ubiquitous racial disparities in the imposition of the death penalty; it does so both to amass further reasons McCleskey was wrongly decided, and to point the way forward. Part I provides the necessary foundation by summarizing the history of race and the death penalty in the United States, with a focus on the Supreme Court’s treatment of racial discrimination claims in capital sentencing. Part II, the heart of this Article, examines the multiple psychological mechanisms that create racially biased decision making in capital cases. Understanding those mechanisms further undercuts the Supreme Court’s reasoning in McCleskey and argues for overturning the holding. However, recognizing the reluctance with which today’s Court would view overturning McCleskey, Part III considers whether and how alternative, case-specific uses of the data described in Part II might ameliorate the influence of racial bias in capital sentencing. [texte] => EXPLAINING THE INVIDIOUS: HOW RACEINFLUENCES CAPITAL PUNISHMENTIN AMERICASheri Lynn Johnson†“[W]e decline to assume that what is unexplained isinvidious.”McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 313 (1987)INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1514 I. RACE, THE AMERICAN DEATH PENALTY, AND THESUPREME COURT ................................. 1516 A. Before the Fourteenth Amendment: OpenDiscrimination .............................. 1516 B. From Reconstruction to Furman: UnbridledDiscretion ................................... 1518 C. The Role of Race in Furman and Gregg ....... 1519 D. McCleskey’s Rejection of Both Empirical Dataand History ................................. 1522 E. Post-McCleskey Litigation.................... 1525 II. THE MECHANICS OF RACIAL BIAS ................... 1527 A. Conscious Racial Bias ....................... 1527 1. Differential Affect (Warmth) ............... 1528 2. Stereotypes (Including Competence) ....... 1529 B. Subconscious Racial Bias (aka UnconsciousRacism, Biased Cognition, or Implicit Bias) . . . 1530 1. Unconscious Associations: The Evidencefrom Social Psychology ................... 1531 a. Early Controlled Experiments: Mock JuryStudies............................... 1532 b. Implicit Association Tests ............. 1535 c. The Shooter Studies .................. 1538 d. Stereotypicality Studies ............... 1538 e. Non-human Associations .............. 1539 2. Processing Distortions: The Evidence fromCognitive Psychology ..................... 1541 a. The Halo Effect ....................... 1542 † James and Mark Flanagan Professor of Law, Cornell Law School. Thanksto my colleagues John Blume and Jeffrey Rachlinski for their careful comments,and to the Cornell Law Review for hosting the Furman at Fifty symposium.15131514 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1513b. Attribution Error ...................... 1543 c. Accessible Schemas .................. 1543 d. Confirmation Bias .................... 1544 e. Belief Persistence ..................... 1545 3. Racially Differentiated Brain Activation: TheEvidence from Neuropsychology........... 1546 a. Negative Emotions .................... 1546 b. Positive Reactions .................... 1547 c. Facial Recognition .................... 1548 III. DECREASING THE INFLUENCE OF BIAS ON CAPITALSENTENCING ..................................... 1548 A. Revisiting McCleskey ........................ 1548 B. Avoiding Triggering or Aggravating Pre-ExistingBias ........................................ 1549 1. Enforcement of Prohibitions AgainstInflammatory Arguments ................. 1550 2. Enforcement of Equal Protection Rights inJury Selection ............................ 1551 3. Ending Death Qualification? .............. 1552 4. Vigilance................................. 1554 C. Countering Bias ............................. 1555 1. Reducing Unconscious Bias ............... 1555 2. Reducing the Influence of UnconsciousBias ..................................... 1558 a. Race-switching ....................... 1558 b. Case-specific Instructions orTestimony ............................ 1560 c. Time and Task Modifications .......... 1561 3. Recognizing and Redressing IndividualInstances of Bias......................... 1562 CONCLUSION ........................................... 1563 INTRODUCTIONMcCleskey v. Kemp upheld the death penalty againstextraordinary statistical evidence of racial bias in itsimposition. With its lofty statement, “[W]e decline to assumethat what is unexplained is invidious,” the majority alsodashed almost all hope that the death penalty would bedeclared unconstitutional because it is racially biased.1 Evenwhen made, this statement had a patently ridiculous premise:That the statistical correlation between race and the impositionof the death penalty was anomalous, unexpected, unexplained.1 McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 313 (1987).2022] Johnson - Explaining The Invidious 1515If a study established that the day of the week on which adefendant had been born and the day of the week on which hisvictim had been born were correlated with the likelihood of adeath sentence, that statistical disparity reasonably might becharacterized as “unexplained.” If the correlation were strong,the sample size large, and the study controlled for potentialconfounders, the possibility that the correlation was spuriousstill could not be disregarded. Why? First, because the day ofdefendant and victim birth is not known—let alone salient—todecision makers, including decision makers in capital cases.2And second, because there is no known history ofdiscrimination based on that characteristic. Put differently,neither opportunity nor motive to discriminate on the basis ofday-of-the-week-of-birth is present. Race, however, is differentin both respects. Race is almost always both known andsalient to the relevant decision makers. Equally importantly,the entire history of race in this country, and in particular, thehistory of race and the death penalty in this country, asFurman v. Georgia3 recognized, reek of motive to do racializedharm,4 and made it entirely predictable that race did and willinfluence capital sentencing.Thus, it seems disingenuous for the Court to have assertedthat stark racial disparities in the imposition of the deathpenalty were “unexplained” in the sense of being of mysteriousorigin, not truly race-based and not “invidious.” But racialdisparities in capital punishment are, in another sense,“unexplained,” or at least not well-explored: What are themechanisms by which racial bias skews capital sentencing?This Article primarily focuses on how racial bias creates nearlyubiquitous racial disparities in the imposition of the deathpenalty; it does so both to amass further reasons McCleskeywas wrongly decided, and to point the way forward. Part Iprovides the necessary foundation by summarizing the historyof race and the death penalty in the United States, with a focuson the Supreme Court’s treatment of racial discrimination2 Indeed, there isn’t even a commonly used word or phrase that describesthis attribute because none is really needed, given how rarely we speak of it. (Thatthis has not always been the case, see 2 ANNA ELIZA BRAY, TRADITIONS, LEGENDS,SUPERSTITIONS, AND SKETCHES OF DEVONSHIRE 287–88 (London, John Murray 1838)(reprinting the poem “Monday’s Child,” which tells fortunes based on the day of aperson’s birth), reflects that what is salient depends at least in part on culture.)There are, however, lots of words, many of them expressing extraordinaryanimosity, dehumanization, or disparagement, that refer to race.3 408 U.S. 238 (1972). 4 Id. at 364 (Marshall, J., concurring); id. at 256–57 (Douglas, J.,concurring); id. at 310 (Stewart, J., concurring).1516 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1513claims in capital sentencing.5 Part II, the heart of this Article,examines the multiple psychological mechanisms that createracially biased decision making in capital cases.Understanding those mechanisms further undercuts theSupreme Court’s reasoning in McCleskey and argues foroverturning the holding. However, recognizing the reluctancewith which today’s Court would view overturning McCleskey,Part III considers whether and how alternative, case-specificuses of the data described in Part II might ameliorate theinfluence of racial bias in capital sentencing.6IRACE, THE AMERICAN DEATH PENALTY, AND THESUPREME COURTThe history of race in the United States is terrible, complex,and impossible to summarize in an article, or even a book.7 Incontrast, the history of race and capital punishment in Americais terrible and complex, yet easily summarized: In this country,race of victim and offender was always the driving force behindcapital punishment for rape, and from the very beginning, racehas heavily influenced the imposition of the death penalty forother crimes. The Supreme Court’s acknowledgment of thishistory, however, has been uneven.A. Before the Fourteenth Amendment:Open DiscriminationPrior to the Revolutionary War, many states explicitlyconditioned eligibility for capital punishment upon both theoffense committed and the race and/or enslaved status of theoffender.8 Although all of the northern states had limited5 The reader intimately familiar with that history may want to skim Part I, oreven skip ahead to Part II.6 Virtually all of the discussion that follows focuses on African Americans,but not because I believe race only influences the capital sentencing of AfricanAmerican defendants; rather, the focus on bias against African Americans isdriven by the fact that the history, cases, and psychological data are much morelimited with respect to other racial minorities. See generally Sheri Lynn Johnson,The Influence of Latino Ethnicity on the Imposition of the Death Penalty, 16 ANN.REV. L. & SOC. SCI. 421 (2020) (reviewing the literature and urging furtherresearch). However, almost all of the psychological phenomena I report are likelyto affect other racial minorities facing capital prosecutions, albeit to varyingextents. 7 For an excellent recent and in-depth analysis of the Supreme Court’scapital punishment jurisprudence, see CAROL S. STEIKER & JORDAN M. STEIKER,COURTING DEATH: THE SUPREME COURT AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (2016).8 A. LEON HIGGINBOTHAM, JR., IN THE MATTER OF COLOR: RACE AND THE AMERICANLEGAL PROCESS 181–82, 256–57, 262–63 (1978).2022] Johnson - Explaining The Invidious 1517capital punishment to the crime of murder before the Civil Warbegan, and in some states there was talk of total abolition, “thedebate that took place in the North simply did not occur in theSouth because of the perceived need to discipline a captiveworkforce.”9 In the South, the moves toward limiting the deathpenalty were racially specific; each of the Southern statesabolished the death penalty for one or more previously deatheligible crimes, but did so only for crimes committed bywhites.10 For example, in Texas, both enslaved and freeAfrican Americans (but not whites) remained [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/explaining-the-invidious-how-race-influences-capital-punishment-in-america/ ) [394] => Array ( [objectID] => 19989 [title] => Race and Age Characteristics of those Sentenced to Death before and after Roper [timestamp] => 1661731200 [date] => 29/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/race-and-age-characteristics-of-those-sentenced-to-death-before-and-after-roper/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => "The penalty of death is more likely to be imposed on individuals who suffer from various disadvantages: poverty, poor lawyers, mental illness, intellectual deficits, for example. It also is more common among those with white victims compared to minority victims, those who commit crimes in jurisdictions that have previously sentenced more individuals to death, and those who committed their crimes in the 1980s or 1990s as compared to more recent years (see Baumgartner et al. 2018 for details). In this short report I focus on two particular disadvantages: age and minority status." - Frank R. BaumgartnerLink to the article: https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/report-racial-disparities-in-death-sentences-imposed-on-late-adolescent-offenders-have-grown-since-supreme-court-ruling-banning-juvenile-death-penalty [texte] => 1Race and Age Characteristics of those Sentenced to Death before and after RoperFrank R. BaumgartnerUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillFrankb@unc.eduJune 21, 2022The penalty of death is more likely to be imposed on individuals who suffer from various disadvantages: poverty, poor lawyers, mental illness, intellectual deficits, for example. It also is more common among those with white victims compared to minority victims, those who commit crimes in jurisdictions that have previously sentenced more individuals to death, and those who committed their crimes in the 1980s or 1990s as compared to more recent years (see Baumgartner et al. 2018 for details). In this short report I focus on two particular disadvantages: age and minority status.Since the 2005 Roper v. Simmons decision, the US Supreme Court has held it unconstitutional to sentence juveniles to death, recognizing the reduced capacity of children to control impulsive behavior. In recent years, many have argued that this exclusion should extend to those in the “Late Adolescent Class” (LAC) of individuals aged 18 to 20 at the time of their crime (see Leark 2021). The “bright line” at age 18 is not consistent with scientific understanding of the development of the brain. Here, I ask the question: What are the racial characteristics of those in the 18-to-20 age-group? Among those sentenced to death, does the social disadvantage of youth correspond with a greater likelihood of another disadvantage, racial minority status? I find that it does.I make use of a comprehensive database covering the universe of US death sentences from 1972 through the end of 2021. This database includes information about the race of the defendant and the dates of birth, crime, and death sentence. (See Baumgartner et al. 2020 for information about the database.)From the Furman decision in June, 1972 through the end of 2021, over 8,700 individuals have been sentenced to death in the US. Table 1 lays out their racial characteristics.Table 1. Summary of Race of Individuals Sentenced to Death, 1972–2021.RaceNumberPercentWhite3,91744.85Black3,43239.30Hispanic6727.69Other1792.05Missing / unknown5336.10Total8,733100.00Table 2 shows the ages of these individuals at the time of their crime.2Table 2. Summary of Ages of those Sentenced to Death, 1972–2021.Age GroupNumberPercentLess than 18 years old2352.6918 to 20 years old1,31915.1021 years and older6,93679.42Missing / unknown2432.78Total8,733100.00The US Supreme Court held the practice of sentencing juveniles to death unconstitutional in its Roper v. Simmons decision in March 2005. What are the racial characteristics of those in the two younger age categories, and how has this changed since the Roper decision? Table 3 lays out the answer to the first question. It shows that minorities constitute a higher share of the younger age groups compared to those aged 21 or over at the time of their crimes. Within each age group, the table shows percentages by race, summing to 100, allowing one to evaluate the relative share of whites, blacks, and people of other races within each age group.Table 3. Age Groups by Race.Age:Under 1818 to 2021+MissingTotalRace:N%N%N%N%N%White7732.7744233.513,33948.145924.283,91744.85Black11548.9464048.522,60237.517530.863,43239.30Hispanic2611.0613910.544907.06177.006727.69Other31.28302.271432.0631.231792.05Missing145.96685.163625.228936.635336.10Total235100.001,319100.006,936100.00243100.008,733100.00Table 3 shows that whites are over-represented among those aged 21 and over; they are 48 percent of that group, but only 33 percent of those aged under 18 and 34 percent of those in the LAC (those aged 18 to 20). Blacks are 49 percent of those in the two younger groups, but only 38 percent of those aged 21 or over; similarly Hispanic individuals constitute 11 percent of the two younger categories but are only seven percent of those in the older age group. Minorities overall are 61 percent of those aged under 18, 61 percent of those in the LAC, and just 47 percent of those aged 21 or over.Since Roper, racial minorities have constituted an even greater share of those in the LAC. Table 4 shows the same breakdown as above for the 1,236 death sentences imposed since March 1, 2005, the date of the Roper decision. (No one aged under 18 has been sentenced to death during this period as the Court ruled that unconstitutional on that date.)3Table 4. Race and Age Characteristics of those Sentenced to Death since Roper.Age:18 to 2021+MissingTotalRaceN%N%N%N%White2920.4246544.20921.4350340.70Black7351.4140938.881433.3349640.13Hispanic3524.6514513.78614.2918615.05Other32.11292.7600.00322.59Missing21.4140.381330.95191.54Total142100.001,052100.0042100.001,236100.00Whites are just 20 percent of those in the LAC, but they are 44 percent of those aged 21 or higher. Blacks represent an absolute majority of those in the LAC, though they are less than 40 percent of those aged 21 or older. Similarly, Hispanics are over-represented in the LAC (25 percent) compared to in the 21-and-older group (14 percent). Combining the categories of black, Hispanics, and other race, fully 78 percent of those in the Late Adolescent Class in the period since Roper have been racial or ethnic minorities, a much greater share than the 56 percent they constitute among those aged 21 and over.This short review of simple statistics shows that in the period since Roper, minorities are substantially over-represented in the Late Adolescent Class. The disadvantage of age cumulates with the disadvantage of minority status. This could be for many reasons, including the tendency to attribute adult characteristics to youthful black and minority individuals moreso than to whites (see Rattan et al. 2012). No matter what the cause, it is a troubling fact, and one that should cause policymakers to consider extending the protections of Roper to those in the 18-to-20 age category as well. If we are to have a death penalty, it should target the most deserving, rather than the most vulnerable.ReferencesBaumgartner, Frank R., Marty Davidson, Kaneesha R. Johnson, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and Colin P. Wilson. 2018. Deadly Justice: A Statistical Portrait of the Death Penalty. New York: Oxford University Press.Baumgartner Frank R., Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Benjamin M. Campbell, Christian Caron, and Hailey Sherman. 2020. Learning to Kill: Why a Small Handful of Counties Generates the Bulk of US Death Sentences. PLoS-ONE 15, 10: e0240401.Leark, Robert A., ed. 2021. Special Issue: Law, Neuroscience, and Death as a Penalty for the Late Adolescent Class. Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology 7, 1–2.Rattan Aneeta, Cynthia S. Levine, Carol S. Dweck, and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. 2012. Race and the Fragility of the Legal Distinction between Juveniles and Adults. PLoS ONE 7, 5: e36680. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RaceAndAgeAfterRoper.pdf ) [395] => Array ( [objectID] => 19950 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the 50th session of the UN Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1660867200 [date] => 19/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/50th-regular-session-united-nations-human-rights-council/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 50th Regular Session from June 13 to July 8, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 50th Regular Session from June 13 to July 8, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the 50th session of the UN Human Rights Council" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [396] => Array ( [objectID] => 15904 [title] => Malawi Supreme Court Reverses Abolition Decision [timestamp] => 1660780800 [date] => 18/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malawi-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/malawi-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 30 April 2021, the World Coalition published the following article on the abolition of the death penalty in Malawi. Since its publication, the abolitionist status of the country has changed. This article has been updated below. —————————- [texte] => On 30 April 2021, the World Coalition published the following article on the abolition of the death penalty in Malawi. Since its publication, the abolitionist status of the country has changed. This article has been updated below.---------------------------- (more…) "Malawi Supreme Court Reverses Abolition Decision" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [397] => Array ( [objectID] => 20866 [title] => Shattered Justice – Crime Victims’ Experiences with Wrongful Convictions and Exonerations [timestamp] => 1660262400 [date] => 12/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/shattered-justice-crime-victims-experiences-with-wrongful-convictions-and-exonerations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Shattered Justice presents original crime victims' experiences with violent crime, investigations and trials, and later exonerations in their cases. Using in-depth interviews with 21 crime victims across the United States, Cook reveals how homicide victims’ family members and rape survivors describe the painful impact of the primary trauma, the secondary trauma of the investigations and trials, and then the tertiary trauma associated with wrongful convictions and exonerations. Important lessons and analyses are shared related to grief and loss, and healing and repair. Using restorative justice practices to develop and deliver healing retreats for survivors also expands the practice of restorative justice. Finally, policy reforms aimed at preventing, mitigating, and repairing the harms of wrongful convictions is covered. [texte] => About This BookShattered Justice presents original crime victims' experiences with violent crime, investigations and trials, and later exonerations in their cases. Using in-depth interviews with 21 crime victims across the United States, Cook reveals how homicide victims’ family members and rape survivors describe the painful impact of the primary trauma, the secondary trauma of the investigations and trials, and then the tertiary trauma associated with wrongful convictions and exonerations. Important lessons and analyses are shared related to grief and loss, and healing and repair. Using restorative justice practices to develop and deliver healing retreats for survivors also expands the practice of restorative justice. Finally, policy reforms aimed at preventing, mitigating, and repairing the harms of wrongful convictions is covered. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shattered-justice/9781978820357 ) [398] => Array ( [objectID] => 19919 [title] => Joint Statement to condemn the public executions and the surge of executions in 2022 in Iran [timestamp] => 1660176000 [date] => 11/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-to-condemn-the-public-executions-and-the-surge-of-executions-in-2022-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/statement-august22-iran-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly condemn the resumption of public executions in Iran and the surge in the executions in 2022, which goes against the international trends towards abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly condemn the resumption of public executions in Iran and the surge in the executions in 2022, which goes against the international trends towards abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Joint Statement to condemn the public executions and the surge of executions in 2022 in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [399] => Array ( [objectID] => 19898 [title] => Statement on the end of the unofficial moratorium on executions in Myanmar [timestamp] => 1660176000 [date] => 11/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-the-end-of-the-unofficial-moratorium-on-executions-in-myanmar/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/statement-august22-myamar-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and ACAT-France, ACAT-Germany (and their partner organization Federal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany), Amnesty International, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), Avocats Sans Frontières France, Centre for Civil and Political Rights, Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE International), Coalition Marocaine Contre la Peine […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and ACAT-France, ACAT-Germany (and their partner organization Federal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany), Amnesty International, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), Avocats Sans Frontières France, Centre for Civil and Political Rights, Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE International), Coalition Marocaine Contre la Peine de Mort, CrimeInfo, Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ), Death Penalty Focus, German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (GCADP), Greater Caribbean for Life, Hands Off Cain, Japan Innocence & Death Penalty Information Center, Legal Awareness Watch Pakistan, Lifespark – movement against the death penalty, Ligue des droits de l’Homme (LDH), Norden Directions, Observatoire Marocain des Prisons (OMP), Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO), Southern Methodist University (SMU) Human Rights program, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, Texans Against State Killing (TASK), The Advocates for Human Rights, The Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers (UIA-IROL), The Kenya Human Rights Commission, The Rights Practice, The Sunny Center Foundation USA Inc., Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and Witness to Innocence, strongly condemn the end of the unofficial moratorium on executions in Myanmar, with the first executions since 1988, which goes against the international trends towards abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Statement on the end of the unofficial moratorium on executions in Myanmar" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [400] => Array ( [objectID] => 20508 [title] => Resolution 77/274 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1659916800 [date] => 08/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-77-274-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 75/183. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions and highlights trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. The report discusses conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use relating to persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition. The report welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds. It concludes that all measures aimed towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life. [texte] => United Nations A/77/274General AssemblyDistr.: General8 August 2022Original: English22-12331 (E) 250822*2212331*Seventy-seventh sessionItem 69 (b) of the provisional agenda*Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedomsMoratorium on the use of the death penaltyReport of the Secretary-General**SummaryThe present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 75/183. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions and highlights trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. The report discusses conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use relating to persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition. The report welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds. It concludes that all measures aimed towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life.* A/77/150.** The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect recent developments.A/77/2742/18 22-12331I. Introduction1. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to report to it at its seventy-seventh session on the implementation of that resolution. The Secretary-General draws attention to the reports submitted to the Human Rights Council on the same topic.2. The present report covers the period from December 2020 to June 2022 and is based largely on information received following a call for input circulated to States, national human rights institutions, United Nations entities, international and regional intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations.II. Transparency in the use of the death penalty3. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly called upon States to make available relevant information, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon had been granted, as well as information on any scheduled execution, which could contribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates, including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty. The Human Rights Council and human rights treaty bodies called upon States to ensure transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty and their execution methods; to make available systematically and publicly full, accurate and relevant information on their use of the death penalty; and to ensure that families were properly notified of impending executions.1 The Human Rights Committee recalled that undisclosed executions are a breach of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.24. The Secretary-General has previously highlighted that the lack of transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty has serious human rights implications, including with respect to the right to timely and adequate legal defence for individuals sentenced to death, especially those under imminent risk of executions, as well as the right to freedom of information, the right to a fair trial, the right not to be subjected to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the principles of non-discrimination and equality before the law.3 The Secretary-General noted that the ability of civil society to effectively monitor death penalty-related matters has been made more challenging since the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, stressing that it was therefore more important than ever for States to comply with transparency requirements on the imposition and application of the death penalty.45. Submissions by non-governmental and civil society organizations stated that the lack of transparency in the use of the death penalty remained an issue of concern in many States.5 It was noted that the pandemic had underscored the need for transparent __________________1 Human Rights Council resolution 48/9, para. 10.2 See www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/03/belarus-un-human-rights-committee-condemns-execution. See also, for example, CCPR/C/106/D/2120/2011, para. 11.10.3 See report of the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty (A/HRC/48/29), para. 54.4 Ibid., para. 56.5 Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM), Harm Reduction International (HRI), International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP), Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) and Reprieve submissions.A/77/27422-12331 3/18reporting on matters related to the death penalty, including deaths of persons on death row due to the pandemic.6III. Developments since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 75/183A. Abolition of the death penalty and ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights6. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly welcomed the considerable movement towards the abolition of the death penalty globally and the increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and called upon States that had not yet done so to consider acceding to or ratifying the Second Optional Protocol. Kazakhstan,7 Sierra Leone,8 the Central African Republic,9 and Papua New Guinea10 adopted laws abolishing the death penalty. Armenia and Kazakhstan became parties to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, bringing the number of States parties to 90.11 In the United States of America, the State of Virginia abolished the death penalty,12 bringing to 36 the number of States that have abolished the death penalty, have a formal moratorium on its use or have not carried out an execution in the last 10 years.13 Several other States described their process of abolition and their support for the abolition of the death penalty.14B. Moratoriums7. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly welcomed the decisions made by an increasing number of States to apply a moratorium on executions, followed in many cases by the abolition of the death penalty. The Assembly called upon States to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and encouraged States that had a moratorium to maintain it and to share their experience in that regard.8. In its submission, Cuba indicated that it was opposed to the application of the death penalty and was in favour of eliminating it when appropriate conditions were in place. Mali, Mauritius and Morocco recalled the moratorium that they had in place. In the United States, the Attorney General ordered a moratorium on all federal __________________6 ICDP submission.7 Law on Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 29 December 2021.8 Law on the abolition of the death penalty, 8 October 2021.9 Law No. 22.001 abolishing the death penalty in the Central African Republic, 27 June 2022.10 See www.parliament.gov.pg/uploads/acts/22A_10.pdf.11 See https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&clang=_en.12 Virginia House Bill 2263, 24 March 2021.13 See https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2021.pdf.14 Submissions of Argentina, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Morocco, Romania, Switzerland and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). See also the submissions of the People’s Advocate of Albania, the National Human Rights Commission of Mexico, the National Human Rights Commission of Togo, the European Union and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.A/77/2744/18 22-12331executions pending review of certain policies and procedures15 and at the State level, Ohio announced a moratorium on executions.169. United Nations human rights treaty bodies called upon States to apply a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolishing it.17 With respect to Cuba and Kenya, treaty bodies recommended the adoption of formal moratoriums with a view to the future abolition of the death penalty.18 With regard to Botswana, the treaty bodies regretted that it did not plan to abolish the death penalty or to impose a moratorium and recommended that it consider undertaking a political and legislative process aimed at abolishing the death penalty.19 Similar calls were made during the universal periodic review.2010. Some States continued to impose the death penalty or increased its imposition, contributing to the “death row phenomenon”, prison overcrowding and distress among inmates due to uncertainty over execution or commutation of death sentences.21C. Reduction in the number of offences punishable by death11. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly called upon States to reduce the number of offences for which the death penalty might be imposed, including by considering removing its mandatory application. In his 2022 report to the Human Rights Council on the question of the death penalty,22 the Secretary-General provides information on the reduction in the number of offences punishable by death and the removal of the m [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/N2245371.pdf ) [401] => Array ( [objectID] => 20516 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions [timestamp] => 1659657600 [date] => 05/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To mark the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, offers a reflection from a historical perspective on the establishment of the mandate and the subsequent evolution of its working methods. He retraces the development of international standards and guidelines elaborated with the substantial contribution and support of the various mandate holders. The report also contains an analysis of the question of the death penalty from the perspective of whether it is compatible with the absolute prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and recommendations aimed at ensuring the protection of the right to life, as guaranteed under international human rights instruments. [texte] => United Nations A/77/270General AssemblyDistr.: General5 August 2022Original: English22-12275 (E) 090922*2212275*Seventy-seventh sessionItem 69 (b) of the provisional agenda*Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedomsExtrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executionsNote by the Secretary-General**The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the General Assembly the report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, submitted in accordance with Assembly resolution 75/189.* A/77/150.** The present report was submitted after the deadline so as to include the most recent information.A/77/2702/22 22-12275Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-BinzSummaryTo mark the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, offers a reflection from a historical perspective on the establishment of the mandate and the subsequent evolution of its working methods. He retraces the development of international standards and guidelines elaborated with the substantial contribution and support of the various mandate holders. The report also contains an analysis of the question of the death penalty from the perspective of whether it is compatible with the absolute prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and recommendations aimed at ensuring the protection of the right to life, as guaranteed under international human rights instruments.A/77/27022-12275 3/22I. Introduction1. The year 2022 marks the fortieth anniversary of the creation of the mandate on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the oldest single thematic mandate among the special procedures.1 In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, reflects on the developments in the working methods of the mandate and on the evolution of standards and guidelines that have been developed with the engagement of mandate holders to promote and protect the right to life and safeguard against extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. The report also contains an analysis of the question of the death penalty from the perspective of whether it is compatible with the absolute prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and recommendations aimed at ensuring the protection of the right to life, as guaranteed under international human rights instruments.2. The Special Rapporteur is grateful to those States, civil society organizations and other stakeholders that responded to his calls for input. The replies received informed the present report.II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur3. The present report covers the main activities undertaken by the Special Rapporteur from April to July 2022. Those undertaken from April 2021 to March 2022 are included in the Special Rapporteur’s thematic report to the Human Rights Council.2A. Communications4. During the period under review, the Special Rapporteur issued, alone or jointly with other special procedure mandate holders, 47 communications to States and non-State actors, as well as 14 press statements.B. Meetings and other activities5. In April 2022, on the occasion of the opening of the 2022 academic year of the Dr. Carlos Ybar Institute of Chile, the Special Rapporteur gave a master class on forensic medicine and human rights, focusing on the role of the mandate in the development of forensic standards. On the same day, he participated in another event organized by the University of Uruguay, giving a presentation on the work of the mandate in addressing the issue of deaths in custody.6. On 3 May, the Special Rapporteur gave a lecture to the Inter-American Association of Public Defenders, discussing the role of forensic sciences in the investigation of human rights violations.7. Also in May, the Special Rapporteur made an academic visit to Costa Rica at the invitation of the International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights. During the visit, he lectured about the mandate at the University for Peace and at the __________________1 Over the course of its 40-year history, the mandate has been fulfilled by S. Amos Wako (1982–1992), Bacre Waly Ndiaye (1992–1998), Asma Jahangir (1998–2004), Philip Alston (2004–2010), Christof Heyns (2010–2016), Agnes Callamard (2016–2021) and the present mandate holder.2 A/HRC/50/34.A/77/2704/22 22-12275diplomatic academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica. He also held high-level meetings with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights and the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, as well as with the Centre for Justice and International Law, to discuss cooperation for the promotion and implementation of standards of shared interest, principally the Minnesota Protocol on the Investigation of Potentially Unlawful Death, at the regional level.8. In June, the Special Rapporteur participated in a high-level dialogue on the human rights situation in Nicaragua that was organized by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and attended by representatives of national and international human rights organizations, international mechanisms and States.9. Within the context of the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate, the Special Rapporteur participated in the fourteenth annual meeting of the Ibero-American Network of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science Institutions, held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, from 27 to 29 June. Also in June, he attended the inauguration of the first International Congress of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences, organized by the National Service of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Ecuador. During both events, he gave presentations and lectured on the Minnesota Protocol.III. Creation of the mandate10. The General Assembly periodically addressed the question of the death penalty during the 1950s, the 1960s and the 1970s. In 1968, it unanimously adopted resolution 2393 (XXIII), emphasizing the importance of procedural safeguards around the death penalty. In 1971, it went further, affirming, in paragraph 3 of resolution 2857 (XXVI), that, in order fully to guarantee the right to life, the main objective to be pursued was that of progressively restricting the number of offences for which capital punishment might be imposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing that punishment in all countries.11. Meanwhile, outside of the United Nations, the early prominent international human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were contemplating how to respond to what seemed to be an increasing trend of political killings. Having campaigned so effectively around the issue of political prisoners and torture, they were concerned that Governments seemed to be avoiding the potential scrutiny of detentions of political opponents, opting instead to “disappear” and kill them without any judicial process. The work carried out in this regard included effective transnational advocacy on the part of victims and their families, such as the organizations Vicaría de la Solidaridad in Chile and the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina.12. By 1980, as the Commission on Human Rights was establishing a working group to look at disappearances, the international community had also begun to consider the issue of summary executions. The Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities had a long-standing agenda item on “disappearances and summary executions”, but both diplomatic preference and civil society strategy focused substantive debates on the death penalty (“summary or arbitrary executions”) and political killings (“extralegal executions”) in the context of the Vienna-based Committee on Crime Prevention and Control and the related quinquennial United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. It was at the Sixth Congress, held in 1980, that the first substantial progress towards international recognition of extralegal executions was achieved when a group of countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Venezuela,A/77/27022-12275 5/22the host country of the Congress) sponsored a resolution on the issue, which was adopted with 74 votes in favour.313. In the resolution, the term “extralegal executions” was not defined, but “the practice of killing and executing political opponents or suspected offenders carried out by armed forces, law enforcement or other governmental agencies or by paramilitary or political groups acting with the tacit or other support of such forces or agencies” was condemned.414. Meanwhile, at its session in August and September 1981, the working group on detention of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities began to consider the issue of “arbitrary or summary executions” and drew up a resolution calling for the issue to be given “the most urgent consideration”.515. In his opening remarks at the thirty-eighth session of the Commission on Human Rights, held in February 1982, the head of the Division of Human Rights recalled an issue which, on any account, must be considered among the most basic and fundamental questions on the human rights agenda, namely, the need to stop deliberate violations of the right to life. He asserted that the Commission’s role with respect to the right to life was “to protect the human person and to prevent deliberate killings perpetrated by organized power”. He highlighted the recent General Assembly resolution on summary and arb [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/N2245271.pdf ) [402] => Array ( [objectID] => 19889 [title] => Poster 2022 Turkish – 20.CI ÖLÜM CEZASINA KARŞI DÜNYA GÜNÜ [timestamp] => 1659657600 [date] => 05/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-2022-turkish-20-ci-olum-cezasina-karsi-dunya-gunu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Day 2022 Poster in Turkish - ÖLÜM CEZASI: İŞKENCEYLE DÖŞELI BIR YOLDUR [texte] => www.worldcoalition.orgÖLÜM CEZASI:İŞKENCEYLE DÖŞELIBIR YOLDUR10.10.202220.CI ÖLÜM CEZASINA KARŞIDÜNYA GÜNÜ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Turkish_WD2022_Poster.pdf ) [403] => Array ( [objectID] => 20500 [title] => A/HRC/51/7 – Advance Edited Version – Question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1658793600 [date] => 26/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-51-7-advance-edited-version-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In the report, the Secretary-General reaffirms the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty and highlights initiatives limiting its use and implementing the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing this severe penalty. A minority of States continued to use the death penalty. Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => Human Rights Council Fifty-first session 12 September–7 October 2022Agenda items 2 and 3Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-GeneralPromotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to developmentQuestion of the death penaltyReport of the Secretary-General*SummaryPursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In the report, the Secretary-General reaffirms the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty and highlights initiatives limiting its use and implementing the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing this severe penalty. A minority of States continued to use the death penalty. Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed.* The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect recent developments.A/HRC/51/7Advance Edited VersionDistr.: General26 July 2022Original: EnglishA/HRC/51/72I. Introduction1. Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty, including the quinquennial report of the Secretary-General.1 Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to death or executed.2. The report covers the period July 2020–June 2022. It is based largely on a call for inputs circulated to States, national human rights institutions, United Nations entities, international and regional intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations.2 Attention is also drawn to the report on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, being submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session, in which he outlines efforts made towards the implementation of Assembly resolution 75/183.II. Changes in law and practiceA. Abolition of the death penalty or initiatives towards its abolition, including establishing a moratorium on executions3. The Human Rights Committee has stated that article 6 (6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights reaffirms the position that States parties that are not yet totally abolitionist should be on an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty, de facto and de jure, in the foreseeable future. The death penalty cannot be reconciled with full respect for the right to life, and abolition of the death penalty is both desirable and necessary for the enhancement of human dignity and the progressive development of human rights.34. Some 170 States have abolished or introduced a moratorium on the death penalty either in law or in practice, or have suspended executions for more than 10 years. In 2020, the General Assembly adopted resolution 75/183, in which it called upon States to establish a moratorium on executions, with a view to abolishing the death penalty. In their submissions for the present report, several States described their process of and support for abolition.45. During the reporting period, Kazakhstan5 and Sierra Leone6 abolished the death penalty for all crimes. Armenia7 and Kazakhstan8 deposited their instruments of ratification to the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.91 E/2020/53.2 Submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/calls-input/call-inputs-secretary-generals-report-question-death-penalty-51st.3 Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 36 (2018), para. 50.4 Australia, Mexico, Romania and Switzerland. See also submissions of the European Union and the Institution of the Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cuba highlighted that it was opposed to the application of the death penalty and was in favour of eliminating it when favourable conditions existed. Cuba, Singapore and the Syrian Arab Republic maintained that there was no international consensus with regard to the death penalty, and Singapore and the Syrian Arab Republic noted that every country has the sovereign right to determine its own criminal justice system, based on its circumstances and in accordance with its international obligations.5 Law on amendments and additions to certain legislative acts on the abolition of the death penalty, 29 December 2021.6 Law on the abolition of the death penalty, 8 October 2021; https://statehouse.gov.sl/2021/10/08/.7 CCPR/C/ARM/CO/3, para. 4.8 CERD/C/KAZ/CO/8-10, para. 3 (a).9 See https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&clang=_en.A/HRC/51/73Legislators in the Central African Republic10 and Papua New Guinea11 passed bills to abolish the death penalty. In the United States of America, at the federal level, the Attorney General ordered a moratorium on all federal executions pending review of certain policies and procedures.12 At the state level, 36 states have either abolished the death penalty, have a formal moratorium on its use or have not carried out an execution in a decade.13 The State of Virginia abolished the death penalty,14 Ohio announced reprieves of executions,15 and in Utah, bipartisan legislation to repeal the death penalty is being considered.166. Various domestic legal processes towards abolition of the death penalty were initiated or are ongoing. In Equatorial Guinea, the review of the Penal Code to abolish the death penalty was approved by the Senate and was awaiting final approval of the President. In Ghana, a bill proposing the abolition of the death penalty advanced in parliament.17 In Liberia, the executive reviewed legislation containing death penalty provisions and submitted a draft bill to the legislature to repeal it. In Zambia, the President pledged to abolish the death penalty and work with parliament towards that end.187. Domestic courts in various States have considered issues around the constitutionality of death penalty provisions or its lawfulness in different applications. In Malawi, the Supreme Court of Appeal declared the death penalty unconstitutional and contrary to the right to life.19 However, thereafter, the Supreme Court issued a “perfected” judgment reversing its original judgment.20 The High Commissioner for Human Rights welcomed the statement of the President of Malawi noting that the earlier ruling abolishing the death penalty would be respected.21 Challenges to the constitutionality of the death penalty were also filed and were being considered by the judiciary in Guyana,22 the Republic of Korea23 and Trinidad and Tobago.248. During the Council’s universal periodic review process, States made numerous recommendations to retentionist States. They included recommendations to ratify or consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant;25 restrict the use of the death penalty to crimes that meet the “most serious crimes” threshold under international law;26 eliminate10 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/06/comment-un-high-commissioner-human-rights-michelle-bachelet-adoption-law.11 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/2022/01/comment-un-high-commissioner-human-rights-michelle-bachelet-papua-new-guineas-repeal-death; and https://icomdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ICDP-2022_01_Papua-New-Guinea_Press-Release.pdf.12 See https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-merrick-b-garland-imposes-moratorium-federal-executions-orders-review.13 See https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2021.pdf.14 See https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?211+sum+HB2263; and http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/jsForm/?File=/en/iachr/media_center/preleases/2021/072.asp.15 See https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2020.pdf; https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news-brief/kareem-jackson-receives-fourth-execution-reprieve-in-ohio-execution-date-re-set-for-2025; and https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news-brief/ohio-governor-issues-three-more-reprieves-reschedules-executions-for-2025.16 See https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/legislators-plan-new-attempt-to-repeal-utah-capital-punishment-law-as-prominent-county-attorney-announces-he-will-no-longer-seek-the-death-penalty.17 See https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ACT5054182022ENGLISH.pdf.18 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/05/zambias-pledge-abolish-death-penalty.19 See https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/supreme-court-appeal/2021/3.20 See https://www.jurist.org/news/2021/08/malawi-supreme-court-reverses-death-penalty-ban/.21 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/08/comment-un-human-rights-spokesperson-marta-hurtado-malawis-death-penalty-reinstatement.22 See https://deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/DPP-Annual-report-2021-Web-spread-150dpi.pdf.23 See https://www.humanrights.go.kr/site/program/board/basicboard/view?currentpage=3&menuid =002002001&pagesize=10&boardtypeid=7003&boardid=7606409.24 See https://deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/DPP-Annual-report-2021-Web-spread-150dpi.pdf.25 E.g., recommendations to Belarus (A/HRC/46/5), Libya (A/HRC/46/17), Oman (A/HRC/47/11), Singapore (A/HRC/48/16), Somalia (A/HRC/48/11), Thailand (A/HRC/49/17) and United States (A/HRC/46/15).26 E.g., recommendations to Thailand (A/HRC/49/17).A/HRC/51/74the mandatory character of the death penalty;27 improve access to legal assistance for individuals who may face a death sentence;28 ensure strict compliance in all death penalty cases with international fair trial standards;29 commute all death sentences to terms of imprisonment;30 conduct awareness-raising campaigns on human rights and alternatives to the death penalty;31 establish a moratorium;32 and consider abolition.339. Liberia, Nauru, the Niger, Samoa and Sierra [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/A_HRC_51_7_AdvanceEditedVersion.pdf ) [404] => Array ( [objectID] => 19877 [title] => The Power of Example: Whither The Biden Death Penalty Promise? [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-power-of-example-whither-the-biden-death-penalty-promise/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “The President, his administration and Congress must recognize that respect for human dignity and retention of the death penalty are incompatible; that respect for the rule of law must include international human rights law guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty; that upholding universal rights must include upholding the right of everyone to life and freedom from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and that making international institutions stronger must include implementing the conclusions of UN human rights treaty bodies,” [texte] => THE POWEROF EXAMPLEWHITHER THE BIDENDEATH PENALTY PROMISE?Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better.© Amnesty International 2022 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a CreativeCommons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org amnesty.org First published in 2022by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1, Easton StreetLondon WC1X 0DW United Kingdom Index: AMR 51/5484/2022Original language: English AMNESTY.ORG Cover photography by Scott Langley010607162227343841475157596368TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYKey Recommendations1. THE POWER OF EXAMPLE1.1 Whither the Biden Death Penalty Promise?2. 'THIS IS NOT JUSTICE'2.1 Arbitrariness: “The antithesis of the rule of law”2.2 Rejection of mitigation and rehabilitation2.3 Race matters2.4 Mental disability and legal representation2.5 Intellectual disability and outdated diagnostics2.6 No mercy: Was clemency always a lost cause?3. INTERNATIONAL LAW3.1 International covenant on civil and political rights3.2 Prohibition of racial discrimination3.3 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights7072757979879295974. END FEDERAL ENABLING OF STATE DEATH PENALTY4.1 End federal backstopping for states4.2 End litigation backing state executions4.3 End work with states on execution methods5. COMMUTE ALL FEDERAL DEATH SENTENCES5.1 The case of Billie Allen6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 RecommendationsAPPENDIX: A CENTURY CENTERING ON FURMAN, 1922-1972-2022ABBREVIATIONSAmerican Convention on Human RightsAnti-Drug Abuse ActAntiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty ActFederal Bureau of PrisonsCommittee for the Elimination of Racial DiscriminationDepartment of JusticeDeath Penalty Information CenterEconomic and Social CouncilFederal Death Penalty ActInter-American Commission on Human RightsAmerican Convention on Human RightsInternational Covenant on Civil and Political RightsInternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial DiscriminationMilitary Commissions ActOrganization of American StatesUniversal Declaration of Human RightsUnited NationsACHRADAAAEDPABOPCERDDOJDPICECOSOCFDPAIACHRACHRICCPRICERDMCAOASUDHRUNAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 1“ IN STRIKING DOWN CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, THIS COURT DOES NOT MALIGN OUR SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. ON THE CONTRARY, IT PAYS HOMAGE TO IT… IN RECOGNIZING THE HUMANITY OF OUR FELLOW HUMAN BEINGS, WE PAY OURSELVES THE HIGHEST TRIBUTE”Furman v. Georgia, United States Supreme Court, 29 June 1972, Justice Thurgood Marshall concurring On 29 June 1972, the US Supreme Court issued a landmark decision, Furman v. Georgia, overturning the country’s death penalty laws. As states rushed to revise their capital statutes, here was a golden opportunity for the elected branches of the federal government to provide principled human right leadership, and to work for a permanent end to judicial killing across the United States of America (USA). Such leadership never came. Presidents from Richard Nixon to Donald Trump offered an unbroken 50-year thread of support for the death penalty even as they proclaimed the USA to be a, if not the, champion of human rights in the world. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2 THE POWER OF EXAMPLE: WHITHER THE BIDEN DEATH PENALTY PROMISE?Half a century and more than 1,500 executions later, the USA has a President who campaigned for office on an abolitionist platform. President Joe Biden promised that if elected he would work for abolition of the federal death penalty and encourage the same at the state level. However, except for a temporary moratorium on federal executions, in the eighteen months since he entered the White House as President, little progress on his abolitionist pledge has been visible. What is more, his administration’s defense of the sentences of all of those currently on federal death row – opposing relief and moving them closer to execution – is cause for concern. Time is of the essence, and it is passing. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; questions of guilt, innocence, or other aspects of the case; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization does not seek to minimize the seriousness of violent crime or to downplay its consequences on individuals, their families, and the wider community. The death penalty is a punishment, however, that is a symptom of violence not a solution to it, and one which expands the grief and suffering of the relatives and loved ones of murder victims to those of the condemned. It should have no place in any justice system anywhere. While international human rights law places an expectation on governments to ensure abolition of the death penalty within a reasonable timeframe, pending abolition that same body of law requires adherence to stringent safeguards in any application of capital punishment. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 3Amnesty International submits that the 50th anniversary of Furmanis an opportune moment for the US administration and members of Congress to be reminded that the world is waiting for the USA to do what almost 100 countries have achieved during this past half century – total abolition of the death penalty.1 Abolition of the federal death penalty would be consistent with US obligations under international human rights law. It would bolster the position of those states in the USA that have already got rid of the death penalty or are moving towards doing so. It would set a positive example to individual state governments that continue to use this cruel, unnecessary, and flawed policy, as well as to the diminishing list of retentionist countries. The US Government plumbed a new low between July 2020 and January 2021 when it carried out 13 federal executions after none for 17 years. Shortly before the first of these, a US Supreme Court Justice warned that the cases of those lined up for federal execution promised to illustrate the sort of inequities that beset the death penalty at state level, and which called into question the constitutionality of the entire system. He was right. Among the cases of the 12 men and one woman put to death by the federal government were compelling examples of arbitrariness, racial discrimination, prosecutorial misconduct, mental disability, intellectual disability, inadequate legal representation, and the failure of the authorities to prioritize rehabilitation even in the case of teenaged offenders (18 and 19 at the time of the crime). The administration’s drive to get as many individuals as it could to the death chamber before it left office – even in the face of a global pandemic that hindered defence lawyers representing their death row clients – generated serious doubts as to whether there was ever, in any of the cases, a genuine prospect of executive clemency as international law demands. 1 By the end of 1971, 13 countries had abolished the death penalty in law. Today, that number has risen to 110 – more than half the world’s countries. More than two-thirds of countries in the world (144) are abolitionist in law or practice.4 THE POWER OF EXAMPLE: WHITHER THE BIDEN DEATH PENALTY PROMISE?This episode was a brutal wake-up call about what can happen if the fate of individuals on death row is handed to an executive with an appetite for seeing death sentences through to their lethal conclusion, and it led to a new interest in US Congress for abolition of the federal death penalty. However, as the execution spree fades from the memory, the political will necessary to pass legislation for abolition is at risk of dissipating too. This report, then, stems from Amnesty International's concern that the clock is running on the Biden pledge with little to show for it. It is not a study of the federal death penalty as such or an examination of the cases of the more than 40 individuals currently on federal death row, or of those federal defendants facing death penalty trials. The report revisits the six-month federal execution spree in a bid to jog the collective governmental memory of that shameful episode and to reboot the political commitment to abolition. It also seeks to remind the US authorities of their general and specific obligations under international human rights law in relation to the death penalty, including as provided in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). For decades, UN treaty monitoring bodies have conducted their reviews of the USA’s human rights record. Time after time, these expert bodies have called on the USA to halt executions and work for abolition. Time after time their calls have been rejected. So too at regional level. The USA has become something of a rogue outlier on the death penalty at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which the USA has routinely ignored when this expert body has called for stays of execution or commutation of death sentences. So it was during the federal execution spree too. Among the issues that have come up in UN and regional human rights bodies time and time again has been the question of racial and other discrimination in the application of the death penalty in the USA. The only conclusion that can be drawn from the refusal of the US authorities to respond appropriately is that in the end they care little about the fact that executions [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The-Power-of-Example-Whither-the-Biden-Death-Penalty-Promise-.pdf ) [405] => Array ( [objectID] => 19869 [title] => United States – Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Death Penalty – May 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-states-committee-on-the-elimination-of-racial-discrimination-death-penalty-may-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1. The Committee last reviewed the United States' compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination in 2014. Among the 2014 Concluding Observations are two recommendations relevant to this Report. 2. The Committee stated that it "remain[ed] concerned that members of racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, continue to be disproportionately arrested, incarcerated and subjected to harsher sentences, including life imprisonment without parole and the death penalty." Among other things, the Committee encouraged "[a]mending laws and policies leading to racially disparate impacts in the criminal justice system ... and implementing effective national strategies or plans of action aimed at eliminating structural discrimination." The Committee specifically encouraged "[i]mposing a moratorium on the death penalty, at the federal level, with a view to abolishing the death penalty."1 3. The Committee also commented on "the ongoing challenges faced by indigent persons belonging to racial and ethnic minorities to access legal counsel in criminal proceedings in practice." The Committee encouraged the adoption of "all necessary measures to eliminate the disproportionate impact of systemic inadequacies in criminal defence programmes on indigent defendants belonging to racial and ethnic minorities, including by improving the quality of legal representation provided to indigent defendants."2 4. This report addresses the United States' compliance with its human rights obligations under the Convention with regard to the death penalty, including with respect to those areas identified in the Committee's 2014 Concluding Observations as described above. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgSuggested List of Themes Report on the Death Penalty in the United States of AmericaSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Witness to Innocencefor the 107th Session of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (8–30 August 2022Submitted 16 May 2022Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact-finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a Death Penalty Project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty (PCADP) is a non-party, non-sectarian organisation incorporated in Puerto Rico in March 2005 to promote the elimination of the capital punishment. The PCADP aims to join efforts among the different abolitionist organisations and activists in Puerto Rico. Its Statement of Principles emphasizes that it does not believe in the impunity of a crime and identifies with the pain of the families of both the victims and the accused. It rejects the death penalty inside and outside Puerto Rico. The PCADP aims at excluding Puerto Rico from the scope of the Federal Death Penalty Act, as is the case for other federal laws. It also intends to mark its opposition in every case in which death penalty certification is to be requested by federal prosecutors in Puerto Rico. The PCADP has been a member of the World Coalition since 2006. As of June 2007, the PCADP was composed of more than 40 religious, political, student, community, labor union, professional, and human rights advocacy organisations.Witness to Innocence is the organization of, by and for death row exonerees, committed to ending2the death penalty.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. The Committee last reviewed the United States’ compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination in 2014. Among the 2014 Concluding Observations are two recommendations relevant to this Report. 2. The Committee stated that it “remain[ed] concerned that members of racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, continue to be disproportionately arrested, incarcerated and subjected to harsher sentences, including life imprisonment without parole and the death penalty.” Among other things, the Committee encouraged “[a]mending laws and policies leading to racially disparate impacts in the criminal justice system … andimplementing effective national strategies or plans of action aimed at eliminating structural discrimination.” The Committee specifically encouraged “[i]mposing a moratorium on the death penalty, at the federal level, with a view to abolishing the death penalty.”13. The Committee also commented on “the ongoing challenges faced by indigent persons belonging to racial and ethnic minorities to access legal counsel in criminal proceedings in practice.” The Committee encouraged the adoption of “all necessary measures to eliminate the disproportionate impact of systemic inadequacies in criminal defence programmes on indigent defendants belonging to racial and ethnic minorities, including by improving the quality of legal representation provided to indigent defendants.”24. This report addresses the United States’ compliance with its human rights obligations under the Convention with regard to the death penalty, including with respect to those areas identified in the Committee’s 2014 Concluding Observations as described above. The United States fails to uphold its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial DiscriminationI. The Death Penalty5. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments.” The Fifth Amendment states that no person shall “be deprived of life . . . without due process of law.” In 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, “[a]s it relates to crimes against individuals . . . the death penalty should not be expanded to instances where the victim’s life was not taken.”3Federal death penalty law6. At the federal level, the death penalty is available for a wide variety of crimes, including crimes that do not necessarily entail an intentional killing. For example, several crimes “resulting in death” are eligible for the death penalty, including harboring certain aliens,4destruction of aircraft or motor vehicles,5or civil rights offenses.6 Treason and espionage are 1 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Concluding observations on the combined seventh to ninth periodic reports of the United States of America, adopted by the Committee at its 2317th session (26 August 2014), U.N. Doc CERD/C/USA/CO/7-9, ⁋ 20.2Id. ⁋ 23.3 Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407 (2008). 4 8 U.S.C. § 1342(B)(iv).5 18 U.S.C. §§ 32-34.6 18 U.S.C. §§ 241, 242, 245, 247.4also capital crimes, regardless of whether they result in death.7 Trafficking in large quantities of drugs is a capital crime.87. Racial and ethnic minorities account for 77% of individuals on death row at the federal level.9As of the end of 2020, 21 of the 51 people on federal death row were Black, and 7 were Hispanic.10 The United States’ Tenth to Twelfth Periodic Report states that the Justice Department “continues to take great precautions to ensure that decisions to seek the death penalty at the federal level are not based on factors that include race or national origin.”11 Yet federal authorities continue to seek the death penalty disproportionately in prosecutions of members of racial and ethnic minority groups. Prior to 2020, the federal government had not executed anyone since 2003,12 although the Justice Department continued to seek the death penalty during that time.13 Between 1988 and September 29, 2021, the federal government had taken to trial a total of 208 federal death penalty cases involving 305 defendants in 239 trials.14 During that same period, of the total number of defendants against whom the Justice Department authorized prosecutors to request the death penalty, 28% have been non-Hispanic White, 18% have been Hispanic, 49% have been Black, and 5% have been other races or ethnic groups.158. Federal authorities often disregard local objections to the death penalty, a practice that has particular salience in jurisdictions with large populations of racial and ethnic minorities. One of the individuals that federal authorities recently executed was a member of the Navajo Nation, Lezmond Mitchell.16 Mitchell was the only indigenous person on federal death row. At the time of Mitchell’s trial, Navajo Nation officials had urged the federal government not to pursue the death penalty. The U.S. Attorney General insisted on seeking the death penalty, despite recommendations from the federal prosecutor and the Navajo Nation not to seek it. In the weeks leading up to his execution, Navajo Nation leaders unsuccessfully implored the federal government to commute Mr. Mitchell’s sentence.9. After a 17-year de facto moratorium on executions by the federal government, the federal government resumed executions in 2020 following Attorney General William Barr’s 2019 direction to the Federal Bureau of Prisons to adopt an addendum to the Federal Execution 7 18 U.S.C. §§ 794, 2381.8 18 U.S.C. § 3591(b).9 ACLU, Race and the Death Penalty, accessible at aclu.org/other/race-and-death-penalty (last accessed March 16, 2022).10 Capital punishment, 2020 – Statistical tables, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau ofJustice Statistics, Dec. 2021, at 10, 13, https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/cp20st.pdf.11 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Combined tenth to twelfth periodic reports submitted by the United States of America under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2017, (20 Dec. 2021), U.N. Doc. CERD/C/USA/10-12, ¶ 116 [hereinafter U.S. Tenth to Twelfth Periodic Report].12Federal Government Resumes Executions After 17-Year Hiatus, Executes Seven Prisoners in Three Months, AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, available at https://www.americanbar.org/groups/committees/death_penalty_representation/project_press/2020/fall-2020/federal-government-executes-seven-in-three-months/ (last visited March 19, 2022). 13 Kelley Czajka, How Does the Federal Death Penalty Work? PACIFIC STANDARD, Jul 25, 2019, available at https://psmag.com/news/how-does-the-federal-death-penalty-work (last visited March 19, 2022).14 Current Statistics re Use of Federal De [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CERD-USA-Death-Penalty-FINAL.pdf ) [406] => Array ( [objectID] => 19861 [title] => Philippines – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/philippines-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Government of the Philippines has taken commendable steps toward protecting and promoting the rights of women overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), but those workers remain vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, and when they come into conflict with the law in their host countries, their vulnerabilities are compounded by linguistic and legal barriers, as well as judicial systems which fail to account for the gendered context in which they allegedly committed criminal acts. The Government of the Philippines should do more to ensure protection of the rights of these women OFWs, particularly when they are at risk of being sentenced to death. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgThe Philippines’ Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenSuggested List of Issues Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 199684th Pre-Sessional Working Group of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women4–8 July 2022Submitted 6 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network: Founded in 2006, the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) is a regional network of organizations and individuals committed to working towards abolition of the death penalty in the Asia Pacific, with members from approximately 22 countries within the region. Our role is to create wider societal support for abolition of the death penalty in the Asia Pacific region through advocacy, education, and network building. ADPAN maintains that the death penalty violates the right to life; that it is the ultimate form of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment; and that the death penalty should be entirely abolished internationally.The Capital Punishment Justice Project (formerly Reprieve Australia) has been advocating for a world without the death penalty since 2001. It strives to be practical and effective by drawing upon networks of lawyers and experts in related disciplines to support local advocates who are working for change. Its projects began in the USA where it continues to assist lawyers in capital proceedings. In 2012, the scope of its work expanded to Asia in recognition of the persistence of the death penalty in that region. It is now an experienced participant in litigation, advocacy and professional development within Asia. It is committed to developing legal and policy solutions that will make a difference for people at risk of execution and create the conditions for abolition.2In 2018, Monash University joined forces with an Australian NGO, the Capital Punishment Justice Project, with a shared ambition to end the death penalty in Asia. Together, they formed Eleos Justice. Over the coming five years, Eleos Justice hopes to see a significant shift in the debate about the death penalty, and capital punishment policy. Our long-term vision is to become the region’s leading institute for evidence-based research, policy, network-building, and clinical casework devoted to restricting and abolishing the death penalty. Eleos Justice is based at the Faculty of Law, Monash University (Australia).Odhikar, meaning “rights” in Bangla, is a human rights organisation based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and was established on October 10, 1994, by a group of human rights defenders to monitor human rights violations and create wider awareness. It holds special consultative status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations.3The Philippines fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women by taking insufficient steps to address the vulnerabilities of women overseas workers at risk of being sentenced to death1. The Government of the Philippines has taken commendable steps toward protecting and promoting the rights of women overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), but those workers remain vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, and when they come into conflict with the law in their host countries, their vulnerabilities are compounded by linguistic and legal barriers, as well as judicial systems which fail to account for the gendered context in which they allegedly committed criminal acts. The Government of the Philippines should do more to ensure protection of the rights of these women OFWs, particularly when they are at risk of being sentenced to death.2. In its 2016 Concluding Observations and Recommendations, the Committee expressed concern that the Philippines “has a large proportion of its population working abroad as migrant workers, many of them women,” and recommended that the Philippines “further accelerate . . . the full realization of human rights for women, in particular by strengthening a gender-sensitive approach to . . . migration, . . . with special attention paid to women facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination.”13. The Committee also expressed concern about “the widespread exploitation and abuse of Filipina migrant workers working abroad, in particular as domestic workers,” and recommended that the Philippines:“(a) Enhance its efforts to effectively protect the rights of Filipina migrant workers abroad, through bilateral agreements and memorandums of understanding with countries and regions to which Filipinas migrate in search of work;“(b) Strengthen the regulation and inspection of recruitment agencies for migrant workers and the sanctions applicable in case of breaches of relevant regulations;“(c) Continue its efforts to raise awareness among women migrant workers about their rights, the risks that they may face and the channels that they can use to seek remedies in case of violations of their rights, through pre departure briefings and public information campaigns;“(d) Investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators of exploitation and abuse of women migrant workers, in particular domestic workers, who are under its jurisdiction;“(e) Provide gender-responsive support to returning women migrant workers for their reintegration.”24. The Philippines’ Ninth periodic report to the Committee responds to these recommendations as follows:“110. The State implements measures to address vulnerabilities due to migration of unskilled migrants. The State championed the crafting and adoption of the [Global 1 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of the Philippines (25 July 2016), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/:PHL/CO/7-8, ⁋⁋ 8–9. 2 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of the Philippines (25 July 2016), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/:PHL/CO/7-8, ⁋⁋ 37–38.4Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)]. The implementation of the GCM provides a unique opportunity for States to ensure that the rights, needs and situations of vulnerability of migrant women and girls are addressed while promoting their empowerment, by putting in place gender-responsive migration policies, laws, programs, and services. In 2017, the State also steered the adoption of the ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers. It also served as the volunteer country shepherd for the [Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP)]. It also signed the Manila Declaration to Enhance International Cooperation in Combatting Human Trafficking.“111. The State continues to intensify its campaign against individuals/groups that violate Philippine recruitment laws and regulations. It continuously conducts Pre-Employment Orientation Seminar (PEOS) and Pre-Deployment Orientation Seminar to departing migrant workers. It also provides assistance against anti-illegal recruitment or TIP. A considerable number of private recruitment agencies’ licenses have been cancelled due to these violations, and a number of illegal recruiters have been convicted. Efforts to promote and intensify anti-trafficking national prevention and educational campaigns are also being implemented.“112. To address the vulnerability of overseas Filipino workers (OFW), particularly female domestic workers, the State has entered into bilateral labour agreements with destination countries and continues to conduct regular dialogue with them to ensure that the rights and welfare of OFWs are protected. Through the Philippine Overseas Labour Offices (POLO) in 40 countries, the State has also provided interventions in assisting the workers on their issues and concerns relative to their work conditions and well-being. The State has also established an OFW Command Center to ensure that OFWs and next-of-kin concerns/issues are acted upon promptly.”35. In September 2021, the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines issued an Advisory on the Increased Vulnerability of Women Migrant Workers on Death Row.4 This Advisory, attached as Appendix 1, provides important insights into the vulnerabilities of women Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in the context of the death penalty. The remainder of this report summarizes information contained in the Advisory.6. Approximately 25% of Filipinos on death row overseas are women, even though globally women constitute less than 5% of the population on death row.5 Women OFWs live predominantly in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar—all countries that actively apply the death penalty.67. Several factors influence the disproportionate representation of Filipinas on death row in other countries. First, they are at a heightened risk of being trafficked, being used for drug 3 Committee on the Elimination of D [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Final_Philippines-CEDAW-LOI-death-penalty.pdf ) [407] => Array ( [objectID] => 19860 [title] => Tunisia – Committee Against Torture (LOIPR) – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tunisia-committee-against-torture-loipr-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tunisia carried out its last execution in 1991, over 30 years ago. Despite this de facto moratorium on executions, Tunisian courts continue to sentence people to death. Courts sentence people to death every year for a variety of crimes, especially terrorism. The current administration is undoing many of the positive changes to the Tunisian judicial system brought about by the 2011 revolution, and public opinion is divided over whether to move forward with abolition, maintain the status quo, or even resume executions, a course of action that some politicians and officials within the government support. Tunisia continues to support the UN resolutions aiming to establish a global moratorium on executions but has refused to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.This report recommends that Tunisia maintain its commitment to the UN moratorium and move to ratify the Second Optional Protocol, while also working to restore the independence of its judiciary and reducing the total number of crimes punishable by death in the short term. In the long-term Tunisia should completely and unconditionally abolish the death penalty. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights: 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgTunisia’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentSuggested List of Issues Prior to Reporting Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyLa Coalition Tunisienne Contre La Peine de Mort (CTCPM)andEnsemble Contre La Peine de Mort (ECPM)75th Session of the Committee against Torture31 October–25 November 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. The Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM) is an independent nongovernmental organization, whose objectives are the abolition of the death penalty in Tunisia through the constitution and development of a citizens' movement in favor of the abolition and arrest of the Tunisian authorities.ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) is a French non-governmental organisation that fights against the death penalty worldwide and in all circumstances by uniting and rallying abolitionist forces across the world. The organisation advocates with international bodies and encourages universal abolition through education, information, local partnerships and public awareness campaigns. ECPM is the organiser of the World Congresses Against the Death Penalty 2and a founding member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. In 2016, ECPM was granted consultative status with ECOSOC.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Tunisia carried out its last execution in 1991, over 30 years ago. Despite this de facto moratorium on executions, Tunisian courts continue to sentence people to death. Courts sentence people to death every year for a variety of crimes, especially terrorism. The current administration is undoing many of the positive changes to the Tunisian judicial system brought about by the 2011 revolution, and public opinion is divided over whether to move forward with abolition, maintain the status quo, or even resume executions, a course of action that some politicians and officials within the government support. Tunisia continues to support the UN resolutions aiming to establish a global moratorium on executions but has refused to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.2. This report recommends that Tunisia maintain its commitment to the UN moratorium and move to ratify the Second Optional Protocol, while also working to restore the independence of its judiciary and reducing the total number of crimes punishable by death in the short term.In the long-term Tunisia should completely and unconditionally abolish the death penalty.Tunisia fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentI. Death penalty3. In 2016, the Committee Against Torture (“Committee”) recommended Tunisia pursue ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, which Tunisia has not done.1 During the last Universal Periodic Review, Tunisia received 18 recommendations relating to the death penalty, and supported four, noting the remaining 14.4. In its State Party Report, the government of Tunisia stated “accession to the [Second Protocol], under which the states commit to abolishing the death penalty, requires a broad societal dialogue, particularly inasmuch as under the current Constitution, article 22, ‘The right to life shall be sacred and shall not be prejudiced except in extreme cases regulated by law.”2 While Tunisia did not provide specific goals or a plan of action to achieve this dialogue, it also commented that “it should be noted that the issue of the death penalty has been discussed in the National Constituent Assembly and among political parties and other components of civil society.”3 Tunisia has maintained a de facto moratorium on executions since 1991 and has supported General Assembly resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions in2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020.5. Tunisian courts continue to sentence people to death; in 2019, “95 to 110 people [were] known [to be under sentence of death]including 3 women.”4 By the end of 2021, this number had risen 1 Committee against Torture, Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Tunisia (June 10, 2016), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/TUN//CO/3, ¶ 46.2 Committee against Torture, List of issues in relation to the third periodic report of Tunisia, Addendum—Replies of Tunisia to the List of Issues (Feb. 16, 2016), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/TUN/Q/3/Add.1, ¶ 37. 3 Human Rights Council, National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21—Tunisia (Feb. 20, 2017), A/HRC/WG.6/27/TUN/1, ¶ 61. 4 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, “The Abolition of the Death Penalty in Tunisia, a Fight Against Torture,” June 18, 2020, https://worldcoalition.org/2020/06/18/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-tunisia-a-fightagainst-4to a total of “about 136 including three women and two suffering from psychological and mental disorders.”5 Early 2022 saw an increase in the rate of sentencing, with “11 death sentences [issued] in less than 15 days,” reaching 44 death sentence in May 2022.66. Political will to maintain the moratorium may be weakening. After the murder of a woman in Tunis in 2020, President Kais Saied “announced his position in favor of resuming executions . . . saying ‘murder deserves the death penalty,’”7 and in response to rising crime rates, popular opinion supporting the death penalty is increasingly vocal.87. Tunisia has made some progress toward abolition. The 2018 Commission for Individual Freedom and Equality put forward a proposal which “provides that ‘the death penalty is abolished’ and that ‘everyone sentenced to the death penalty shall have his sentence commuted to a prison sentence [of] life imprisonment.”9 In late 2019, activists and anti-death penalty organizations from the Maghreb states of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia held a conference in Tunis to address “strategies toward the abolition of the death penalty.”108. The Tunisian Penal Code allows the death penalty for an expansive list of crimes, many of which do not rise to the level of “most serious” under international human rights standards. Capital crimes include treason and espionage, attempts to assassinate the head of state, attempts to overthrow the government, gang violence, arson committed against government or military property, threatening or using violence against a judge during a hearing, premeditated murder, and voluntary homicide committed during the commission of another crime.11 Crimes listed under the Military Code and Organic Act No. 2015-26 bring the total number of crimes subject to the death penalty to 54.129. In 2016, the Committee expressed concern that the definition of terrorism was unduly vague.13Tunisia’s Organic Law 2015-26 changed the crime of terrorism to a capital offence; the previous terrorism law, from 2003, did not authorize the death penalty.14 In 2019, Organic Law torture/#:~:text=As%20such%2C%20the%20moratorium%20observed,death%20row%2C%20including%203%20women.5 Coalition against the criminalization of poverty and minor crimes and NGOs partners, Joint contribution for the universal periodic review (UPR) of Tunisia, 41st UPR working group session November 2022, Apr. 21, 2022 6 Tunisia: courts issue 11 death sentences in 15 days, Middle East Monitor, Jan. 18, 2022, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220118-tunisia-courts-issue-11-death-sentences-in-15-days/.; Written information from Tunisian human rights defender, 9 June 2022. 7 Amnesty International, “Tunisia: Presidential statement in favor of death penalty is shocking,” September 29, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/tunisia-presidential-statement-in-favour-of-death-penalty-isshocking/8 Simon Speakman Cordall, Tunisia president calls for return of death penalty following brutal killing, The Guardian, Oct. 1, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/oct/01/tunisia-president-calls-forreturn-of-death-penalty-following-brutal-killing 9 ECPM, “Tunisia: The Commission for Individual Freedoms and Equality proposes to abolish the death penalty,” June 14, 2020, https://www.ecpm.org/tunisie-la-commission-des-libertes-in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/Publications/A/Index?id=576 ) [408] => Array ( [objectID] => 19845 [title] => Maldives – Committee Against Torture (LOIPR) – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/maldives-committee-against-torture-loipr-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses the Maldives' compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. Despite its long-standing, de facto moratorium on executions, the Maldives sentenced two people to death in 2019, after sentencing no one to death in 2018.[1] At the end of 2019, there were 19 people on death row in the Maldives - three of whom had exhausted their appeals and five of whom were juveniles when the crime was committed.[2] The Maldives sentenced another individual to death in 2022, which represented the first time the country sentenced a foreign national to death.[3] The continued use of the death penalty in sentencing is particularly concerning given evidence of due process violations, including the use of torture to obtain confessions, the lack of effective and accessible complaint mechanisms for detained individuals, the lack of an independent judiciary, and the use of the death penalty as a sentence for crimes committed by juveniles. [texte] => 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgThe Maldives’ Compliance with The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentSuggested List of Issues Prior to Reporting Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996,The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, andThe Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) 75th Session of the Committee against Torture31 October–25 November 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) is a non-governmental, non-profit organisation advocating for human rights and democracy in the Maldives. MDN was formed in 2004, allowed to register in the Maldives in 2006 and arbitrarily shut down following blasphemy allegations by the Government of Maldives in 2019. MDN currently works out of Geneva, Switzerland.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses the Maldives’ compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. Despite its long-standing, de facto moratorium on executions, the Maldives sentenced two people to death in 2019, after sentencing no one to death in 2018.1 At the end of 2019, there were 19 people on death row in the Maldives – three of whom had exhausted their appeals and five of whom were juveniles when the crime was committed.2 The Maldives sentenced another individual to death in 2022, which represented the first time the country sentenced a foreign national to death.3 The continued use of the death penalty in sentencing is particularly concerning given evidence of due process violations, including the use of torture to obtain confessions, the lack of effective and accessible complaint mechanisms for detained individuals, the lack of an independent judiciary, and the use of the death penalty as a sentence for crimes committed by juveniles. The Maldives fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (“CAT”).2. The Maldives has not yet ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aimed at the abolition of the death penalty.I. The conditions in detention centers in the Maldives are inhumane and there are insufficient channels for complaints of abuse and neglect (Concluding Observations paragraph 9).3. In its 2018 Concluding Observations, the Committee Against Torture (“the Committee”) expressed serious concern over the high number of complaints relative to the low number of investigations of torture and ill-treatment and a lack of accountability and punishment for such offenses.44. According to the Report of the Special Rapporteur, there was significant overcrowding inplaces of deprivation of liberty throughout the country, “often with occupancy rates ranging from 150 to 190 per cent of the actual capacity” and “up to five persons sharing cells designed for single occupancy…forc[ing] the inmates to sleep in shifts with their heads practically touching the toilet while others stood because of the exiguity of the space.”5 Compounding the ill effects of the overcrowding is the fact that inmates are allowed little to no time outdoors to experience fresh air and physical activity while the conditions inside of the detention center are reportedly squalid. The Report of the Special Rapporteur explains that “[i]nmates are locked up in cramped, hot, humid and poorly ventilated cells. They have no access to educational, recreational, vocational, physical or intellectual activity. In several facilities, inmates do not have their own bed or mattress, and sleep either on thin mats or directly on the 1 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2019, ACT 50/1846/2020, 2020, also available online at https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5018472020ENGLISH.PDF.2 Id.3 Bangladeshi national sentenced to death for murdering Maldivian businessman, THE EDITION (28 February 2022), available at: https://edition.mv/news/24033.4 Human Rights Committee, Concluding observations on the initial report of Maldives (19 December 2018), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/MDV/CO/1, ⁋ 9.5 Human Rights Council, Visit to Maldives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nils Melzer (28 December 2020), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/46/26/Add. 1, ⁋ 46, 76. 3hard floor (cement or tiles).”6 This overcrowding combined with otherwise poor conditions and lack of access to fresh air and physical and mental stimulation has led to increased violence in detention centers.7 The Special Rapporteur concluded “that the conditions of detention […]amount to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and, where intentionally and purposefully inflicted, may even amount to torture.”85. Torture in police custody and prisons has been well documented throughout the Maldives.9Although recent reform has led to some change, “independent investigators have reported instances of beating or kicking prisoners; using excessive and cruel restraints, including crosscuffing (chaining legs to hands); and even pepper-spraying underwear” and “[t]he Special Rapporteur . . . reported that no Maldivian official has ever been held accountable for torture.”10 It has been noted that “some forms of torture, including sleep deprivation, have become ‘normalized’ among both prisoners and prison officials and that there was no procedure to confidentially file complaints about torture or other ill-treatment.”11 Since the Anti-Torture Act came into effect in 2013, there have been hundreds of cases of alleged torture investigated by the Human Rights Commission, but few completed because officials opt out of testifying against their fellow officers.12 The government formed a commission to conduct a full prison audit in line with the Mandela Rules.13 The resulting report highlighted issues of torture and corruption within the prison system.14 The report provided 182 recommendations, one of which has been implemented to date.156. The Special Rapporteur also found the medical care in detention centers to be deficient with a lack of access to basic medical care, no preventative programs in place, insufficient staffing, unacceptable delays in treatment and inadequate documenting of incidents.16 In 2020, the Human Rights Commission of Maldives similarly noted that “the prisons overseen by the Maldives Correctional Services lacked timely access to medical care.”17 The Special Rapporteur also found that, “[f]rom a medical perspective, the sleeping conditions, quality of food and ventilation are inadequate in many places of detention, and inmates’ access to fresh air, physical work and recreational activities is clearly insufficient and in some cases, the cause of illness.”186 Id., ⁋ 48. 7 Id., ⁋ 47. 8 Id., ⁋ 50. 9 Human Rights Watch,“I Could Have Been Next” Stymied Reforms in the Maldives, April 14, 2022, https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/14/i-could-have-been-next/stymied-reforms-maldives. 10 Id. 11 Id. 12 Id. 13 Humaam Ali, Prison Audit Report Publicized, Raajje.mv, 28 May 2019, https://raajje.mv/56982. 14 Humaam Ali, Prison Audit Report Publicized, Raajje.mv, 28 May 2019, https://raajje.mv/56982. 15 Written information from Maldivian Human Rights Defender, 6 June 2022. 16 Human Rights Council, Visit to Maldives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nils Melzer (28 December 2020), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/46/26/Add. 1, ⁋ 51-55. 17 Amnesty International, Maldives: Investigate death of prisoner and allegations of torture in custody, September 20, 202, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/09/maldives-investigate-death-in-custody-and-allegations-oftorture-on-individuals-in-custody/. 18 Human Rights Counsel, Visit to Maldives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nils Melzer (28 December 2020), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/46/26/Add. 1, ⁋ 54. 47. Additionally, the Special Rapporteur received credible allegations of police brutality during interrogations aimed at coercing confessions from the accused.19 Such allegations detailed that it is a common practice to beat detainees while they are cross-cuffed and shackled.208. According to the sixth anti-torture report of the Human Rights Commission and the Prison Audit Commissi [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Maldives-CAT-LOIPR-TAHR-WCADP-MDN.pdf ) [409] => Array ( [objectID] => 19837 [title] => Ethiopia – Committee Against Torture (LOI) – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ethiopia-committee-against-torture-loi-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Ethiopia's compliance with its human rights obligations with regard to the death penalty. Although there are currently at least 147 people on death row in Ethiopia, the country has not carried out any executions during the reporting period and has also pardoned and released 41 additional death row inmates since that time.[1] The Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia has also issued sentencing guidelines that purport to further reduce the likelihood of persons being sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes.[2] Nonetheless, Ethiopia has not taken concrete steps to reduce the number of crimes eligible for the death penalty, and the use of torture and other due process violations related to judicial proceedings render all death sentences arbitrary. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgEthiopia’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or PunishmentSuggested List of Issues Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996andThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty75th Session of the Committee Against Torture31 Oct 2022–25 Nov 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Ethiopia’s compliance with its human rights obligations with regard to the death penalty. Although there are currently at least 147 people on death row in Ethiopia, the country has not carried out any executions during the reporting period and has also pardoned and released 41 additional death row inmates since that time.1 The Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia has also issued sentencing guidelines that purport to further reduce the likelihood of persons being sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes.2 Nonetheless, Ethiopia has not taken concrete steps to reduce the number of crimes eligible for the death penalty, and the use of torture and other due process violations related to judicial proceedings render all death sentences arbitrary. Ethiopia fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentI. Authorities subject suspects and potential witnesses to torture in order to obtain evidence, and such evidence is used to obtain convictions and sentence people to death (Concluding Observations paragraph 10 and 11).2. In its Concluding Observations, the Committee noted concern about the widespread use of torture, including by prison officers and police,3 and about impunity for acts of torture and illtreatment.43. Amnesty International has reported that, while the principal aim of torture during interrogation was to extract “confessions” from alleged suspects, torture was also used to force people totestify falsely against others. Noted locations of torture included the Federal Police Central Investigation and Forensic Directorate in Addis Ababa, more commonly known as Maekelawi, military bases and jails in different cities of Oromia (Shashemane, Borana, Neqemte, Dembi Dolo), the Amhara region (Gondor, Bahir Dar, Shewa Robit), the Tigray region (Humera, Mekele), and the Somali Region (Jigjiga).54. Amnesty International further noted that allegations of torture and other ill-treatment by defendants are rarely investigated and that judges have mostly rejected any arguments that forced confessions should not be presented as evidence by the prosecution, instead accepting evidence regardless of how it was obtained.65. In 2017, the Ethiopian Federal High Court ordered an investigation into allegations of torture and other ill-treatment in trials related to a fire that took place in the Qilinto Federal Remand Center in Addis Ababa by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission. Prisoners reported having undergone torture in the Shewa Robit Federal Prison (also in Addis Ababa) after being 1 Committee against Torture, Second periodic report submitted by Ethiopia under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2014, (26 May 2020), ¶112. 2 Ibid. 3 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶10.4 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶11.5 Amnesty International, Submission for the Universal Periodic Review of Ethiopia 33rd Session of the UPR Working Group, 6-17 May 2019, 4. 6 Ibid.3transferred from the Qilinto Federal Remand Centre following the fire. Although the EHRC investigated these allegations, their report neither confirmed nor denied the allegations of torture, and there have been no formal remedies for any victims.7II. People at risk of being sentenced to death often lack adequate representation by qualified legal counsel (Concluding Observations paragraph 12).6. According to the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, the Constitution recognizes that indigent defendants have a right to legal representation provided by the State. But even though there is a federal public defender’s office, “state and local courts often lack public defender offices. When legal aid is provided through a public defender’s office, it is often rendered by non-lawyers or inexperienced lawyers.”8 Moreover, attorneys are often unprepared for trial in part because defendants reportedly are not informed of the specific charges against them until trial.9 Authorities commonly restrict or prohibit contact between defendants and their attorneys before trial, and some people charged under the Anti-Terrorism Law are held incommunicado.10III.Ethiopian courts continue to sentence people to death and Ethiopian law does not limit the death penalty to the “most serious” crimes (Concluding Observations Paragraph 24).7. In the 2011 Concluding Observations, the Committee expressed concern about a recent increase in the number of death sentences pronounced and recommended that Ethiopia consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, extend its de facto moratorium on executions, commute death sentences for people on death row, and ensure protection under the Convention for all persons on death row.118. The Committee also expressed concern about the “Ginbot 7” case in which the Federal High Court sentenced five opposition leaders to death in absentia and sentenced another opposition leader to death after allegedly having subjected him to torture.129. The Committee requested that the Government of Ethiopia “indicate the current number of persons on death row, disaggregated by sex, age, ethnicity and offence.”1310. In response to the Committee’s concerns and questions, the Second Periodic Report provides a brief and incomplete response:7 Ibid. 8 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Ethiopia, available at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=25, last visited June 3, 2022. 9 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Ethiopia, available at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=25, last visited June 3, 2022. 10 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Ethiopia, available at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=25, last visited June 3, 2022. 11 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶ 24.12 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶ 24.13 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶ 24.4Concerning the Committees’ recommendation pertaining to imposition of death penalty (CAT/C/ETH/CO/1 paragraph 24), further to what the Committee noted in the [Concluding Observations] the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia during this reporting period has issued sentencing guideline, which even further narrowed the likelihood of imposition of the death penalty. Thus, although as of April 2019, there have been 147 death row inmates (143 male and 4 female) no one has been executed since the last report. Furthermore, 41 death row inmates have been pardoned and released from prison during the reporting period.1411. Ethiopia had no known death sentences issued in 2019 or 202015 and is not reported to have carried out any executions since 2007.16 Ethiopian courts sentenced at least two people to death in 2021. According to Amnesty International, in April 2021, a court in Oromia sentenced a man to death for murder.17 Amnesty International further reports that on August 6, 2021, “the Western Command First Instance Military Court convicted an undisclosed number of members of the Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) of treason for conspiring with the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) to launch an attack on the military in the context of the armed conflict in Tigray. Those convicted were sentenced to death or to life imprisonment.”1812. The Constitution of Ethiopia provides a framework for the protection of human rights.19 Article 14 guarantees every person the inviolable and inalienable right to life and the security of person; Article 15 guarantees that every person has the right to life and no person may b [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ethiopia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethiopia-CAT-LOI-TAHR-WCADP.pdf ) [410] => Array ( [objectID] => 19829 [title] => Palestine – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/palestine-committee-against-torture-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The State of Palestine on 1 April 2014 ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. On 28 December 2017, the State of Palestine signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. On 18 March 2019, the State of Palestine also ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which aims to abolish the death penalty. The State of Palestine has not yet abolished the death penalty. Indeed-as described herein-the 14 June 2007 split in power between the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah in the West Bank under President Abbas, and the Hamas movement in Gaza, has been followed by many documented executions in Gaza without the requisite signature of President Abbas, and Gazan military courts conduct trials of civilians, where they can be sentenced to death. This report considers the prevalence of torture and other issues ancillary to the death penalty itself: confessions under torture or degrading treatment, due process, access to legal counsel, death-row conditions, and methods of execution. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org THE STATE OF PALESTINECompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumanor Degrading Treatment or Punishment Treaty:The Death PenaltySubmitted by:The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe Palestinian Centre for Human RightsandHuman Rights and Democracy Media Centers “SHAMS”for the 74th Session of the Committee against Torture12-29 July 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights is an independent legal body dedicated to the protection of human rights, the promotion of the rule of law, and the upholding of democraticprinciples in the Occupied Territories. The work of the Centre is conducted through documentation and investigation of human rights violations, provision of legal aid and counseling for both 2individuals and groups, and preparation of research articles relevant to such issues as the human rights situation and the rule of law.Human Rights and Democracy Media Centers “SHAMS” is a Palestinian NGO, founded in 2003 that operates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. “SHAMS” holds consultative membershipwith the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); is a member of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty; and is a member of many local, regional, and international coalitions. “SHAMS” is active in opposing the death penalty, in addition to its ongoing work on promoting and defending human rights and democracy within the Palestinian community; promoting good governance and human rights within the Palestinian security sector; enhancing women’s access to justice; advocating for children’s rights and community safety; defending the right to peaceful assembly; and providing legal aid to women and children.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. The State of Palestine on 1 April 2014 ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.1 On 28 December 2017, the State of Palestine signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.2 On 18 March 2019, the State of Palestine also ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which aims to abolish the death penalty.3 The State of Palestine has not yet abolished the death penalty. Indeed—as described herein—the 14 June 2007 split in power between the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah in the West Bank under President Abbas, and the Hamas movement in Gaza, has been followed by many documented executions in Gaza without the requisite signature of President Abbas, and Gazan military courts conduct trials of civilians, where they can be sentenced to death.2. This report considers the prevalence of torture and other issues ancillary to the death penalty itself: confessions under torture or degrading treatment, due process, access to legal counsel,death-row conditions, and methods of execution.The State of Palestine fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment3. The State of Palestine’s Initial State Party Report describes multifarious efforts, by many agencies, to investigate and prevent torture and overall mistreatment,4 including in the Gaza strip.5 Nonetheless, the State continues to engage in practices that can be considered torture and mistreatment, both in the West Bank and in Gaza. The Initial State Party Report itself acknowledges such occurrences.6I. Death penalty4. Death sentences continue in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, although executions have notably slowed. “No death sentence was executed in the Gaza Strip in 2021, becoming the fourth year in a row during which no verdict has been executed in Palestine as the latest was in 2017 in the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, no death sentence has been executed since 2005 in the West Bank. In 2021, there was a significant increase in the number of death sentences issued 1 Committee against Torture, Initial report submitted by the State of Palestine under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2015, (Aug. 26, 2019), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/PSE/1, (hereinafter “Initial State Party Report”) ¶ 1. 2 Initial State Party Report ¶ 4; The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, Information about the Death Penalty in the Palestinian Territories (2022), 3 (hereinafter “SHAMS Information Document”), source on file with the author. 3 United Nations, “Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,” accessed June 8, 2022, https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV12&chapter=4&clang=_en#:~:text=Under%20Article%202%2C%20paragraph%201%20of%20the%20Second%20Optional%20Protocol,time%20of%20ratification%20or%20accession. 4 Initial State Party Report ¶¶ 13-16, 18, 31, 39, 77, 85, 96, 121, 126, 144, 149, 168, 183, 200. 5 Ibid. ¶¶ 141-42 6 Ibid. ¶ 43.4by the military and civilian courts of first instance while [the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights] reported 2 cases of serious breaches in use of death penalty in the Gaza Strip.”75. The State of Palestine has officially enshrined the death penalty in four different laws: (1) the Revolutionary Penal Code (1979) (death penalty for 45 crimes, most of which are vague political crimes that enable wide interpretation and increase the number of crimes enforceable under the given law, issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) before the emergence of the Palestinian Authority); (2) the British Mandate Penalty Code of 1936 (applied in the Gaza Strip) (death penalty for 15 crimes, some of which are political crimes identified to prevent Palestinians from resisting the British Occupation); (3) the Jordanian Penal Code of 1960 (applied in the West Bank) (old version of the Jordanian Penalty Code where it came into force in the West Bank during the Jordanian political Mandate of the West Bank; death penalty for 16 crimes, some of which are political such as a plot to overthrow the political regime); and (4) the amended Jordanian law of explosives (1963).8 These laws are arguably relics of a past era or enacted by a political organization without the mandate to promulgate them.96. In 2005, the President of the State of Palestine committed to no longer ratifying any new death sentences. Since the 2007 split, however, Hamas has not refrained from death-penalty executions.107. In Gaza, there are reports of military tribunals sentencing civilians to death, albeit without presidential ratification.11 Civil society organizations have repeatedly called for an end to the use of military tribunals to try civilians and sentence them to death.12 At the time of this report, 11 people have been sentenced to death in Gaza 2022, with the most recent death sentence issued by a military court against a civilian on 6 June 2022.13II. Due process8. Civil society organizations have noted that the application of the death penalty in the State of Palestine often violates the accused’s due process rights, in part because of how quickly the death penalty is carried out. People sentenced to death are often unable to exercise their due 7 Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Annual Report 2021: Human Rights in the occupied Palestinian Territory (oPt) (Gaza City: 2022) (hereinafter “PCHR Annual Report 2021”), 27,103-08. Also available online at https://pchrgaza.org/en/annual-report-2021/. 8 SHAMS Information Document, 1-2. 9 Ibid., 2. 10 Ibid., 101-08 11 Ibid., 119-21. 12 Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, About the Issuance of a Death Sentence by the Gaza Court of First Instance to a Citizen by Hanging “There is no justice in Capital Punishment” (Sep. 12, 2021); Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, Issuing a death sentence after only one week of starting trials confirms the absence of fair-trial guarantees, and the transformation of Gaza’s Judiciary system into vengeance tool controlled by the public opinion and its vengeful desires (Dec. 2, 2021); Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, The Judicial Sector in Gaza Welcomes Ramadan Month with a Death Sentence against a Citizen (Apr. 4, 2022); Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Cen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Palestine-CAT-TAHR-WCADP-PCHR-SHAMS.pdf ) [411] => Array ( [objectID] => 19828 [title] => The DPIC Death Penalty Census [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-dpic-death-penalty-census/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On June 29, 1972, the United States Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia, striking down all existing death penalty laws in the United States and ushering in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty. In the decades that followed—as jurisdictions revised their death-sentencing procedures in response to the Supreme Court’s rulings on capital punishment—thousands of people were sentenced to death.The Death Penalty Census is DPIC’s effort to identify and document every death sentence imposed in the U.S. since Furman. The census captures more than 9,700 death sentences imposed between the Supreme Court’s issuance of the Furman ruling and January 1, 2021. These sentences were imposed in 1,280 counties across 40 states, as well as by the federal government and the U.S. Military. [texte] => MenuSearchDeath Penalty Information Center Home Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet DonateFacts & ResearchThe DPIC Death Penalty CensusThe Death Penalty Census is DPIC’s effort to identify and document every death sentence imposed in the United States since the United States Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia in 1972. The Census currently lists more than 9,700 sentences imposed between 1972 and January 1, 2021.Death Penalty CensusDeath Penalty CensusDatabase of more than 9,700 death sentences imposed from June 29, 1972- January 1, 2021CodebookCodebookA comprehensive guide to the Death Penalty CensusOn June 29, 1972, the United States Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia, striking down all existing death penalty laws in the United States and ushering in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty. In the decades that followed—as jurisdictions revised their death-sentencing procedures in response to the Supreme Court’s rulings on capital punishment—thousands of people were sentenced to death.The Death Penalty Census is DPIC’s effort to identify and document every death sentence imposed in the U.S. since Furman. The census captures more than 9,700 death sentences imposed between the Supreme Court’s issuance of the Furman ruling and January 1, 2021. These sentences were imposed in 1,280 counties across 40 states, as well as by the federal government and the U.S. Military.The census tracks every death sentence imposed, listing the name, race, and gender of the person sentenced to death; the jurisdiction (state/federal/military and county/federal district/military branch) in which the charges were brought; the year the sentence was imposed; a multi-sentence code to identify whether the defendant’s death sentence was reversed and reimposed on retrial or resentencing and whether the defendant was also sentenced to death in a separate case; the outcome of the sentence; and the ultimate outcome of the case.The data reveal that the single most likely outcome of a death sentence imposed in the United States is that the sentence or conviction is ultimately overturned and not re-imposed. Nearly half of the sentences (49.9%) were reversed as a result of court decisions. By comparison, fewer than one in six (15.7%) death sentences ended in execution.Note: In the graphic above, “On Death Row” refers to active death sentences, plus grants of relief that are still subject to appeal and are therefore not final. Sentences with a final grant of relief, in which the prisoner is awaiting resentencing or retrial, are included in “Reversal” on the Sentences tab, but in “Reversal Not Final” on the Cases tab, because the sentence has been overturned, but the defendant could still be resentenced to death on retrial. The case status number totals on the database view will be different than those displayed in the Tableau visualization above because the numbers are answering slightly different questions. On the Cases tab, the visualization answers “how many cases have a particular outcome?”. The database answers “how many sentences have a particular case outcome?”. The number of exonerations differs from DPIC’s Exoneration List because the Exoneration List includes people sentenced to death before 1972 (if they were exonerated after 1973) and people exonerated after January 1, 2021.The totals in the above graphic will be greater than the total number of sentences or cases in the database, because some cases are counted in two categories. For example, exonerations are counted in both “Exoneration” and “Reversal.”In compiling the Death Penalty Census, DPIC started with our existing death-row, execution, exoneration, and commutation databases and our annual tracking of new death sentences imposed in the U.S. We built on that database by obtaining national, state, and county databases from researchers, departments of corrections, legal defense organizations and prosecutors, and advocacy groups. We also conducted our own independent review of media archives and available court records. Where databases employed different definitions or had inconsistent or contradictory data, we reconciled the differences and then engaged in a multi-step process to verify the data.To DPIC’s knowledge, the Death Penalty Census is the most comprehensive compilation of information on individual death sentences ever assembled. No other database exists that tracks every death sentence in the U.S. since 1972. A project years in the making, the Death Penalty Census is intended to provide clarity on an important, but often poorly or disparately documented, facet of the American legal system. It is our hope that the census database will foster additional research on the subject and enable the public, the media, academics, advocates, government officials, and others working in the death penalty field to engage in educated discourse and make informed decisions.In This Section Death Penalty Census Database Key Findings How to Use the Death Penalty CensusJoin our mailing listDeath Penalty Information Center Email Facebook Twitter Policy IssuesFacts & ResearchExecutionsDeath RowState & Federal InfoAboutFor the MediaResourcesFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center 1701 K Street NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2022 Death Penalty Information CenterShare this selection Tweet Facebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/death-penalty-census ) [412] => Array ( [objectID] => 19827 [title] => DPIC Special Report: The Innocence Epidemic [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dpic-special-report-the-innocence-epidemic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Death Penalty Information Center Analysis of 185 Death-Row Exonerations Shows Most Wrongful Convictions Are Not Merely Accidental. [texte] => DPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicA Death Penalty Information Center Analysis of 185 Death-Row Exonerations Shows Most Wrongful Convictions Are Not Merely AccidentalThe Biggest Dangers are Police and Prosecutorial Misconduct and Knowingly False Testimony30211111 222334 14510 1010166 7 7111211111 1992 16716BlackWhiteLatinxOther RaceNative American0510151980 1990 2000 2010 2020Death-Row Exonerations185 ExonerationsExonerations by RaceExonerations by YearDPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicDeath Penalty Information Center 2IntroductionIn 1993, the House Judiciary Committee’s Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights conducted hearings on what was then a relatively unknown question: How significant was the risk that innocent people were being wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death in the United States. After taking testimony from four exonerees who had been wrongfully condemned to death row, Representative Don Edwards, the subcommittee chairman, asked the Death Penalty Information Center to research the issue and compile information on how frequently these miscarriages of justice were occurring and what were the reasons why.DPIC began looking more closely into death-row exonerations in the U.S. in the twenty years since the Supreme Court ruled in Furman v. Georgia in 1972 that the death penalty as then administered was unconstitutionally arbitrary and capricious. That research—undertaken before the availability of the internet—uncovered 48 cases in which a wrongfully convicted person had been released from death row because of innocence. The results of DPIC’s research were released in a Staff Report by the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights Committee on the Judiciary, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, Innocence and the Death Penalty: Assessing the Danger of Mistaken Execution, issued on October 21, 1993, and became DPIC’s first Innocence List.The original list of 48 cases included 43 in which the defendant had subsequently been acquitted or pardoned or all charges had been dropped. Three cases involved compromise resolutions in which innocent defendants were immediately released upon pleading guilty or no contest to a lesser offense. One of the other two defendants was released from prison after the parole board became convinced of his innocence, and the other was acquitted at a retrial of the capital charge but convicted of lesser related charges.DPIC made the decision at that time to maintain as comprehensive an innocence list as possible going forward. However, because of the inherent subjectivity of declaring a person innocent when some facts may remain in dispute, DPIC has adopted the objective criterion of “legal exoneration” for an individual to be included. What that means is that individuals who had been wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death were:■ Subsequently acquitted of all charges related to the crime that placed them on death row, either at retrial or by an appellate court determination that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to convict;■ Had all charges related to the crime that placed them on death row dismissed by the prosecution or had reprosecution barred by the court in circumstances implicating the reliability of the evidence of guilt; or■ Been granted a complete pardon based on evidence of innocence.This decision means that dozens of innocent individuals who had been coerced into entering pleas as a condition to obtaining their freedom after conviction for crimes they did not commit are not included in the list. It also means that individuals who are innocent of murder but still have a record of conviction for some offense related to the crime in which a person was killed are also not included on the list. As a result, the Innocence List is a conservative estimate that likely substantially understates the number of innocent people who have been wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death, and in some unknown and untrackable number of cases been wrongfully executed.Since the House subcommittee’s release of DPIC’s initial Innocence List, the Death Penalty Information Center has been tracking new exonerations to add to the list and has occasionally removed cases from the DPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicDeath Penalty Information Center 3list when new discoveries indicated that the individual had not been fully exonerated. During that time, the list has more than quadrupled from 43 to 174 deathrow exonerations. However, DPIC had not had the opportunity to take a new look at old cases to see if there were exonerations we had not detected in our initial research.In 2017, DPIC embarked on a multi-year project to ascertain the status of every death sentence imposed in the United States since the Furman decision. As part of this death-row census project, we have obtained and reviewed information from state departments of corrections, researchers, prosecuting and defense offices, court files and dockets, and news archives for more than 9,600 state, federal, and military death sentences imposed in the United States since July 1972. The project—the most ambitious to date in tracking modern U.S. death sentences—uncovered nearly two dozen older cases that at first glance appeared to qualify as death-row exonerations. Further research narrowed that number to the eleven cases we have now added to the Innocence List, expanding the list to 185 exonerations.With these eleven prior exonerations added to the list, DPIC has undertaken an analysis of many of the geographic and demographic features of these cases and an examination of the factors contributing to wrongful capital convictions. The results are disturbing—not merely because of the frequency with which U.S. states wrongfully condemn the innocent to die but because of the reasons why.It is widely acknowledged that any system that is run by human beings inevitably makes mistakes and that, despite our best efforts, innocent people will be sentenced to death. But our analysis of death-row exonerations shows that innocent people are sentenced to death in most states and in every region of the country that authorizes capital punishment. They can be sentenced to death anywhere, but are most often wrongfully condemned in states and counties with a history of aggressive pursuit of the death penalty or that authorize outlier practices that make it easier to impose capital sanctions.Moreover, the data show that most wrongful capital convictions and death sentences are not merely accidental or the result of unintentional errors. Instead, they are overwhelmingly the product of police or prosecutorial misconduct or the presentation of knowingly false testimony. More likely than not, they involve a combination of the two.The data show that for every 8.3 executions carried out in the United States, a wrongfully condemned death-row prisoner is exonerated. That is an appallingly and unacceptably high rate of error. And as the United States approaches the 50th anniversary of the Furman decision, it raises the fundamental question of whether we can trust our state and federal governments to fairly, honestly, and reliably carry out capital punishment.DPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicDeath Penalty Information Center 4Summary of Key FindingsSince states began reenacting capital punishment statutes in the wake of the Supreme Court’s 1972 decision in Furman v. Georgia striking down existing death penalty laws, at least 185 people who were wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death have been exonerated. These wrongful capital convictions have happened in 29 different states and in 118 different counties, showing that, in whatever part of the country they are tried, capital defendants face an inherent risk of wrongful conviction.Florida has had the most death-row exonerations of any state, with 30 since 1973, followed by Illinois with 21, and Texas with 16. Cook County, Illinois leads all counties with the most death-row exonerations (15) since 1973, followed by Cuyahoga County, Ohio; and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, with six exonerations each. Maricopa County, Arizona; and Oklahoma County, Oklahoma had five each.Those five counties, each with a history of police and prosecutorial misconduct and of being outliers in their excessive pursuit of the death penalty, account by themselves for a fifth (20%) of the nation’s death-row exonerations. And more than 95 percent of wrongful capital convictions and death sentences from those counties involved some combination of police or prosecutorial misconduct and witness perjury or false accusation.Twenty-six counties have more than one death-row exoneration, collectively accounting for 50.3% of all of the wrongful capital convictions that have resulted in exonerations.Other key findings of DPIC’s research include:■ Of the 185 exonerations that have occurred since 1973, 69.2 percent (128) have included official misconduct by police, prosecutors, or other government officials. Official misconduct was much more likely in cases involving defendants of color, cases in which exonerations took two decades or more, and cases in which DNA evidence was a significant factor in proving innocence.❒ Misconduct was a factor in more than three-quarters of cases in which Black defendants were exonerated (78.8%), more than two-thirds of cases involving Latinx defendants (68.8%), and 58.2 percent of cases with white defendants.❒ Misconduct occurred in 55.6 percent (55 cases) of the 99 cases in which exoneration took a decade or less, rising to 81.1 percent (43 of 53 cases) in exonerations taking 11-20 years, 88.0 percent (22 of 25) in the cases in which exoneration took 21-30 years, and in all 8 of the exonerations that took more than three decades.❒ Misconduct was present in 85.7 percent of the cases in which DNA evidence contributed to proving a death-row exoneree’s innocence, suggesting that the denial of DNA testing or absence of DNA evidence h [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/dpic-special-report-the-innocence-epidemic ) [413] => Array ( [objectID] => 19826 [title] => Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent, The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law Enforcement [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/government-misconduct-and-convicting-the-innocent-the-role-of-prosecutors-police-and-other-law-enforcement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a report about the role of official misconduct in the conviction of innocent people. We discuss cases that are listed in the National Registry of Exonerations, an ongoing online archive that includes all known exonerations in the United States since 1989, 2,663 as of this writing.This Report describes official misconduct in the first 2,400 exonerations in the Registry, those posted by February 27, 2019 [texte] => Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage i • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020Government Misconduct and Convicting the InnocentSamuel R. Gross, Senior Editor, srgross@umich.eduMaurice J. Possley, Senior ResearcherKaitlin Jackson Roll, Research Scholar (2014-2016)Klara Huber Stephens, Denise Foderaro Research Scholar (2016-2020)NATIONAL REGISTRY OF EXONERATIONS SEPTEMBER 1, 2020The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementNational Registry of ExonerationsNewkirk Center for Science & Society • University of California Irvine • Irvine, California 92697University of Michigan Law School • Michigan State University College of LawGovernment Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage ii • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020For Denise Foderaro and Frank QuattroneGovernment Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage iii • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020PrefaceThis is a report about the role of official misconduct in the conviction of innocent people. We discuss cases that are listed in the National Registry of Exonerations, an ongoing online archive that includes all known exonerations in the United States since 1989, 2,663 as of this writing.This Report describes official misconduct in the first 2,400 exonerations in the Registry, those posted by February 27, 2019.In general, we classify a case as an “exoneration” if a person who was convicted of a crime is officially and completely cleared based on new evidence of innocence. A more detailed definition appears here. The Report is limited to misconduct by government officials that contributed to the false convictions of defendants who were later exonerated—misconduct that distorts the evidence used to determine guilt or innocence. Concretely, that means misconduct that produces unreliable, misleading or false evidence of guilt, or that conceals, distorts or undercuts true evidence of innocence. Three years ago, the Registry released a report on Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States. We found, among other patterns, that Black people who were convicted of murder were about 50% more likely to be innocent than other convicted murderers, and that innocent Black people were about 12 times more likely to be convicted of drug crimes than innocent white people. Some of those disparities are caused by the type of misconduct we study here and some are not.Misconduct in obtaining and presenting evidence contributes substantially to the racial disparity in murder exonerations, as we will see. On the other hand, the huge disparity in drug exonerations primarily reflects a type of misconduct we don’t cover in this Report—racial discrimination in choosing which people to stop or search for drugs, what is commonly called “racial profiling.”The Report describes many varieties of misconduct in investigations and prosecutions. Some are always deliberate, some are rarely or never deliberate, and some may or may not be deliberate. The Report organizes the myriad of types of misconduct into five general categories, roughly in the chronological order of a criminal case, from initial investigation to conviction: Witness Tampering; Misconduct in Interrogations of Suspects; Fabricating Evidence; Concealing Exculpatory Evidence; Misconduct at Trial. Most of the misconduct we discuss was committed by police officers and by prosecutors. We also report misconduct by forensic analysts in a minority of cases, mostly rapes and sexual assaults, and by child welfare workers in about a quarter of child sex abuse cases.Some major patterns we observed:• Official misconduct contributed to the false convictions of 54% of defendants who were later exonerated. In general, the rate of misconduct is higher in more severe crimes.Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage iv • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020• Concealing exculpatory evidence—the most common type of misconduct—occurred in 44% of exonerations.• Black exonerees were slightly more likely than whites to have been victims of misconduct (57% to 52%), but this gap is much larger among exonerations for murder (78% to 64%)—especially those with death sentences (87% to 68%)—and for drug crimes (47% to 22%). • Police officers committed misconduct in 35% of cases. They were responsible for most of the witness tampering, misconduct in interrogation, and fabricating evidence—and a great deal of concealing exculpatory evidence and perjury at trial.• Prosecutors committed misconduct in 30% of the cases. Prosecutors were responsible for most of the concealing of exculpatory evidence and misconduct at trial, and a substantial amount of witness tampering.• In state court cases, prosecutors and police committed misconduct at about the same rates, but in federal exonerations, prosecutors committed misconduct more than twice as often as police. In federal exonerations for white-collar crimes, prosecutors committed misconduct seven times as often as police.We also examined disciplinary actions against officials who committed misconduct. These were uncommon for all types of officials, and especially so for prosecutors.We tried to determine whether official misconduct that contributes to false convictions has become more or less frequent over the past 15 to 20 years. For most types of misconduct, we won’t know for years to come, but we already see strong evidence that a few kinds of misconduct have become less common: violence and other misconduct in interrogations; abusive questioning of children in child sex abuse cases; and fraud in presenting forensic evidence. On the other hand, the number of federal white-collar exonerations with misconduct by prosecutors has been increasing.In the last section we consider what led officials to commit misconduct. We conclude that the main causes are pervasive practices that permit or reward bad behavior, lack of resources to conduct high quality investigations and prosecutions, and ineffective leadership by those in command. We discuss a range of possible remedies, from specific rules to changes in culture, in cities, counties, states and the nation as a whole.We present many other findings in the Report itself. The core of our data on official misconduct are available online, sortable and filterable, for others to explore; go to the “OM Tags” column here.Samuel R. GrossMaurice J. PossleyKaitlin Jackson RollKlara Huber StephensSeptember 1, 2020Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage v • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020Use Note:1. Common termsIt may be useful to explain some terms that we use in this Report:Exoneration means an exoneration listed in the Registry. Every exoneration, identified by the name of the exoneree, has a page in the Registry, and is listed on our Summary View and Detailed View pages. Known exonerations: We know that our list of exonerations is incomplete: we regularly discover cases we missed. Sometimes we specify that these are “known exonerations,” more often we don’t, but it’s true regardless.Misconduct in an exoneration: Strictly speaking, the practice we write about is official misconduct that contributed to a criminal conviction that was ultimately reversed by exoneration. That’s a mouthful. For convenience, we often refer to it as “misconduct in the exoneration” even though the misconduct was part of the process of obtaining a conviction.Police: Police agencies in the United States range from one-person police departments to the FBI. The titles of sworn peace officers include Patrolman, Officer, Deputy Sheriff, Trooper, Agent—and many more. We refer to all of them as “police.”2. Links and Navigation(i) The report contains numerous links to pages on the website of the National Registry of Exonerations. Most are links to the stories of individual exonerees; some are links to collections of cases. In both situations, almost all links go to the current versions of the pages, not those in effect in late February 2019, when we completed the set of 2,400 exonerations that are the subject of this report. For example:• This link goes to Ricky Jackson’s page, which was last updated in May 2020. That page contains information we did not know when we completed the compilation of the dataset fifteen months earlier—and (like other summaries and data on the Registry) it may be further modified in the future.• This link goes to a list of all exonerations with misconduct in Cook County at the time you click on it—230 as of this writing, more in months and years to come—not the 204 exonerations with official misconduct in Cook County among the 2,400 exonerations included in this Report.(For technical reasons, a few links go to copies of Registry pages rather than live pages.)(ii) The Executive Summary and the Table of Contents contain links that may help navigate this document. The Summary contains a list of page numbers in the form of links—like this, 9—that take you to the indicated page in the text. In the Table of Contents you can click on any part of an entry to go to the page on which that section begins.Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage vi • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020(iii) Each page of the text (except the first pages of major sections) includes two highlighted buttons:Go to Executive Summary and Go to Table of Contents.If you click on them, they will take you to the beginning of the Executive Summary and of the Table of Contents, respectively.Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage vii • National [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://core.ac.uk/reader/346442144 ) [414] => Array ( [objectID] => 19825 [title] => The Myth of Autonomy Rights [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-myth-of-autonomy-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Supreme Court rhetoric, scholarly discussion, blackletter law, and ethical rules have perpetuated a myth that individual rights protect the autonomy of defendants within the criminal legal system. To expose this myth, I examine six rights that the Court has enshrined as essential decision points for criminal defendants due to the rights’ purported expressive and consequential functions: (1) the right to self-representation; (2) the right to plead guilty; (3) the right to waive a jury; (4) the right to testify; (5) the right to waive appeals; and (6) the right to maintain innocence at a capital trial. I conclude that each of these rights fails to protect defendant autonomy.I then argue that genuine displays of autonomy under the criminal legal system take the form of resistance to the law, legal advocates, and the legal system. Thus, the autonomy of criminal defendants occurs not because of law but in spite of it. As such, scholarly discussions of the personal autonomy of criminal defendants should focus not on rights and rules but on acts of resistance. The current autonomy rights discourse is harmful because it obscures the system’s defects by framing discussions around individual rights instead of structural limitations. This lends itself to solutions involving procedural tinkering to better actualize individual rights instead of radical structural reform or abolition. By obscuring these structural defects and stressing the system’s protective qualities, the autonomy rights discourse presents the system not only as legitimate, but as functional, and potentially even successful. As such, a new scholarly frame is warranted: autonomy as resistance to law and the legal system. By illuminating the ways in which autonomy in the criminal legal system resembles autonomy under the American institution of slavery, the autonomy as resistance frame exposes the need for radical structural change and facilitates a reimagining of the criminal legal system. [texte] => 375THE MYTH OF AUTONOMY RIGHTS Kathryn E. Miller†Supreme Court rhetoric, scholarly discussion, blackletter law, and ethical rules have perpetuated a myth that individual rights protect the autonomy of defendants within the criminal legal system. To expose this myth, I examine six rights that the Court has enshrined as essential decision points for criminal defendants due to the rights’ purported expressive and consequential functions: (1) the right to selfrepresentation; (2) the right to plead guilty; (3) the right to waive a jury; (4) the right to testify; (5) the right to waive appeals; and (6) the right to maintain innocence at a capital trial. I conclude that each of these rights fails to protect defendant autonomy.I then argue that genuine displays of autonomy under the criminal legal system take the form of resistance to the law, legal advocates, and the legal system. Thus, the autonomy of criminal defendants occurs not because of law but in spite of it. As such, scholarly discussions of the personal autonomy of criminal defendants should focus not on rights and rules but on acts of resistance. The current autonomy rights discourse is harmful because it obscures the system’s defects by framing discussions around individual rights instead of structural limitations. This lends itself to solutions involving procedural tinkering to better actualize individual rights instead of radical structural reform or abolition. By obscuring these structural defects and stressing the system’s protective qualities, the autonomy rights discourse presents the system not only as legitimate, but as functional, and potentially even successful. As such, a new scholarly frame is warranted: autonomy as resistance to law and the legal system. By illuminating the ways in which autonomy in the † Clinical Assistant Professor of Law, Cardozo Law School. Thank you for the helpful conversations, support, and comments from: Ty Alper, Sarah Boonin, Chris Buccafusco, Jennifer Denbow, Robert Dinerstein, Melvin Patrick Ely, David A. Gilman, Betsy Ginsberg, Cynthia Godsoe, Eve Hanan, Max Hare, Michael Herz, Kyron Huigens, Lea Johnston, J.D. King, Alexandra Klein, Minna Kotkin, Kate Levine, Rachael Liebert, Sarah Lorr, Hugh McClean, Jamelia Morgan, Lindsay Nash, Ngozi Okidegbe, Renagh O’Leary, Michael Pollack, Alex Reinert, Anna Roberts, Jocelyn Simonson, Stewart Sterk, India Thusi, Anna VanCleave, Kate Weisburd,and the members of the Decarceration Law Professors’ Works-in-Progress Workshop. I am also grateful to my research assistants, Lily Katz and Marissa Cohen.376 CARDOZO LAW REVIEW [Vol. 43:2criminal legal system resembles autonomy under the American institution of slavery, the autonomy as resistance frame exposes the need for radical structural change and facilitates a reimagining of the criminal legal system.TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 376I. AUTONOMY RIGHTS DISCOURSE AND THE CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM............. 384A. Autonomy Jurisprudence........................................................................ 384B. Autonomy Scholars................................................................................. 389C. “Client” Autonomy ................................................................................. 392II. THE LAW’S FAILURE TO PROTECT DEFENDANT AUTONOMY ........................... 394A. Systemic Constraints on Autonomy ...................................................... 3951. Selection ....................................................................................... 3972. Surveillance and Detention........................................................ 401B. Exercising the “Autonomy Rights” ........................................................ 4041. The Right to Self-Representation .............................................. 4052. The Right to Plead Guilty........................................................... 4083. The Right to Waive a Jury.......................................................... 4124. The Right to Testify .................................................................... 4155. The Right to Forgo an Appeal ................................................... 4176. The Right to Insist on Innocence at a Capital Trial ................ 422III. AUTONOMY AS RESISTANCE ............................................................................... 425A. A New Conceptual Framework.............................................................. 425B. Shifting the Autonomy Discourse .......................................................... 438CONCLUSION............................................................................................................... 441INTRODUCTIONModern legal scholars take for granted that criminal defendants have individual rights that protect their autonomy within the criminal legal system.1 This Article refutes that notion, arguing that structural 1 See, e.g., Erica J. Hashimoto, Resurrecting Autonomy: The Criminal Defendant’s Right to Control the Case, 90 B.U. L. REV. 1147 (2010) [hereinafter Hashimoto, Resurrecting]; Erica J. Hashimoto, Defending the Right of Self-Representation: An Empirical Look at the Pro Se Felony Defendant, 85 N.C. L. REV. 423, 427–28 (2007) [hereinafter Hashimoto, Defending]; Markus D. Dubber, Legitimating Penal Law, 28 CARDOZO L. REV. 2597 (2007); Stephen Ellmann, Lawyers 2021] MYTH OF AUTONOMY RIGHTS 377limitations in the current criminal legal system render the law unable to protect the autonomy of criminal defendants. The myth of these autonomy rights is harmful because it legitimizes a system that is beyond repair by suggesting not only that opportunities for autonomy exist but that the law is functioning to protect and safeguard these opportunities. In unpacking the myth, this Article illuminates both that these rights have failed and that the expressions of autonomy that occur in the criminal legal system take the form of resistance to that system.Respect for individual autonomy has long been an American ideal.2 The Enlightenment concept of autonomy, which emphasized personal liberty free from government intrusion, was a central value of the American Revolution and the Founding.3 The Framers sought to ensure protection of these liberties from the newly formed government through enactment of the Bill of Rights.4 Individual autonomy is thus a fundamental component of American law and legal institutions. Markus Dubber has observed that “[l]egitimacy discourse in the United States since the Revolution has revolved around autonomy.”5 This includes discourse about the criminal legal system.6 In cases like Faretta v. California7 and McCoy v. Louisiana,8 the Supreme Court hasrecognized the autonomy of criminal defendants to be a constitutionalvalue that surpasses the goal of reliability in criminal—and evencapital—convictions. The McCoy Court emphasized that “a defendant’schoice” in making his defense “must be honored out of that respect forthe individual which is the lifeblood of the law”9 and went as far as tohold that “[v]iolation of a defendant’s Sixth Amendment-securedautonomy” amounted to structural error.10 The Model Rules ofand Clients, 34 UCLA L. REV. 717, 720 (1987); GEORGE P. FLETCHER, RETHINKING CRIMINAL LAW (Oxford Univ. Press 2000) (1978); see also infra notes 12–13.2 See, e.g., Bruce J. Winick, On Autonomy: Legal and Psychological Perspectives, 37 VILL. L.REV. 1705, 1707–08 (1992); Jessica Wilen Berg, Understanding Waiver, 40 HOUS. L. REV. 281, 286–87, 287 n.21 (2003) (claiming that “[a]utonomy is the basic value underlying liberal society”and that “autonomy forms the basis for our system of laws and does so appropriately”).3 Winick, supra note 2, at 1708–12.4 Id. at 1710.5 Dubber, supra note 1, at 2603.6 Id. at 2600.7 Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 807 (1975) (holding that the Sixth Amendment gives criminal defendants a right to self-representation and finding that a state may not “constitutionally hale a person into its criminal courts and there force a lawyer upon him, even when he insists that he wants to conduct his own defense”); see also McKaskle v. Wiggins, 465 U.S. 168, 176–77 (1984) (“The right to appear pro se exists to affirm the dignity and autonomy of the accused . . . .”).8 McCoy v. Louisiana, 138 S. Ct. 1500, 1508 (2018).9 Id. at 1507–08 (quoting Faretta, 422 U.S. at 834).10 Id. at 1511.378 CARDOZO LAW REVIEW [Vol. 43:2Professional Conduct seek to protect the decision-making power of criminal defendants to determine the objectives of their representation.11 The legal scholarship on the autonomy of criminal defendants is vast: legal scholars have debated the role of specific criminal procedures in safeguarding or promoting autonomy for defendants,12 disagreed whether defense attorneys should seek to maximize their clients’ autonomy,13 and queried whether autonomy ought to be subordinated to other societal values.14 Prosecutors take the defendant autonomy narrative for granted, commonly beginning an 11 MODEL RULES OF PRO. CONDUCT r. 1.2 (AM. BAR ASS’N 2020).12 See, e.g., Alberto Bernabe, A Tale of Two Cases: The Supreme Court’s Uneasy Position on the Proper Allocation of Authority to Decide Whether to Concede a Client’s Guilt in a Criminal Case, 43 J. LEGAL PRO. 53, 67 (2018) (concluding that McCoy did not go far enough to protect defendant autonomy); Hashimoto, Resurrecting, supra note 1, at 1178 (explaining that, for some defendants, “the possibility of an acquittal, even if remote, may be more valuable than the difference between a life and a death sentence”); Robert E. Toone, The Absence of Agency in Indigent Defense, 52 AM. CRIM. L. REV. 25, 28–32 (2015) (arguing that indigent clients lack the autonomy of private clients because their lawyers lack financial incentives to obey); Fred C. Zacharias, Limits on Client Autonomy in Legal Ethics Regulation, 81 B.U. L. REV. 199, 200 (2001) (argui [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://cardozolawreview.com/the-myth-of-autonomy-rights/ ) [415] => Array ( [objectID] => 5563 [title] => Ratification Kit – Marshall Islands [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-marshall-islands/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Marshall Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MarshallIslands-EN-3.pdf ) [416] => Array ( [objectID] => 5567 [title] => Ratification Kit – Fiji [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-fiji/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Fiji ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Fiji-EN.pdf ) [417] => Array ( [objectID] => 5569 [title] => Ratification Kit – Burkina Faso [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-burkina-faso/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burkina Faso ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/BurkinaFaso-EN-3.pdf ) [418] => Array ( [objectID] => 5938 [title] => Ratification Kit – Guinea [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-guinea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Guinea-EN-3.pdf ) [419] => Array ( [objectID] => 5940 [title] => Ratification Kit – Congo [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Congo-EN.pdf ) [420] => Array ( [objectID] => 5972 [title] => Ratification Kit – Suriname [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-suriname/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Suriname ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Suriname-EN.pdf ) [421] => Array ( [objectID] => 6322 [title] => Ratification Kit – Samoa [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-samoa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Samoa ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Samoa-EN-3.pdf ) [422] => Array ( [objectID] => 6326 [title] => Ratification Kit – Côte d’Ivoire [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-cote-divoire/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CoteIvoire-EN.pdf ) [423] => Array ( [objectID] => 6561 [title] => Ratification Kit – Burundi [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-burundi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Burundi-EN.pdf ) [424] => Array ( [objectID] => 19591 [title] => Poster Urdu 2022 – سزائے موت کے خلاف بیسواں عالمی دن [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-urdu-2022-%d8%b3%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%db%92-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa-%da%a9%db%92-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%da%ba-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%86/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.2022سزائے موت کے خلاف بیسواں عالمی دنwww.worldcoalition.orgسزائے موت: تشددزدہ شاہراہ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/URDU_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [425] => Array ( [objectID] => 19581 [title] => Poster Traditional Chinese – 第20屆世界反死刑日 [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-traditional-chinese-%e7%ac%ac20%e5%b1%86%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%8f%8d%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e6%97%a5/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 死刑——遍佈酷刑之路10.10.2022第20屆世界反死刑日 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ZHtrad_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [426] => Array ( [objectID] => 19573 [title] => Poster Luganda 2022 – OLUNAKU LWENSI YONNA OLWABIRI NGA TUJJUKIRA KAWEFUBBE OWOKULWANYISA AKALABBA [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-poster-luganda-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => AKALABBA: KAJJUDDE OKUTULUGUNYIZIBWA10.10.2022OLUNAKU LWENSI YONNA OLWABIRI NGA TUJJUKIRA KAWEFUBBE OWOKULWANYISA AKALABBA [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/LUGANDA_WD2022_Poster_BD1.0.pdf ) [427] => Array ( [objectID] => 19564 [title] => Poster Japanese 2022 – 第20回世界死刑廃止デー [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-poster-japanese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 死刑への道は、拷問で満ちている10.10.2022第20回世界死刑廃止デー [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/JPN_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [428] => Array ( [objectID] => 19518 [title] => Anniversary tool – 20th World Day [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anniversary-tool-20th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Anniversary tool for the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty.This tool traces 20 years of struggle for the abolition of the death penalty. Rediscover the different themes addressed and the achievements of the World Day. [texte] => 20 YEARS OF RAISINGAWARNESS2003 - 20222The Anti Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) waslaunched on the 2006 Word Day, an initiative by AmnestyInternational and the World Coalition to take actionagainst the death penalty in Asia.ADPAN launch (4th World Day)At the occasion of the 2007 World Day, the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty launched a petition calling to jointhe call for a universal moratorium on executions initiatedin 1998 by the Community of Sant’ Egidio. It gathered167,000 signatures. The resolution eventually got adoptedby the UNGA in December 2007.UNGA moratorium resolution (5th World Day)123World Day & Abolition Achievementswww.worldcoalition.orgWorld CoalitionAgainst the Death PenaltyMundo M47 avenue Pasteur, 931 00 Montreuil,FranceTél : +33 1 80 8 7 70 43contact@worldcoalition.o rgworldcoalition@WCADPThis document was produced with the financialsupport of the Agence française de development (AFD),the Paris Bar Association, the European Union, theFondation de France, the Government of Belgium, thegovernment of Canada and the Government ofSwitzerland. The content of this document is the soleresponsibility of the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty and should in no way be considered to reflectthe position of the AFD, the EU, the Fondation deFrance, the above-mentioned Governments, nor theParis Bar Association.@WCADPAbolitionist in law and in practice and retentionist countries worldwide 2003 - 2021RetentionistAbolitionistInternational standards setting (9th World Day)The World Coalition organized an event at the UN on InternationalJurisprudence regarding the death penalty and the prohibition ofcruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment with theparticipation of the African Commission on Human and Peoples'Rights, the Committee against Torture, the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, arbitrary and summary executions, the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights and the Inter-American Commission onHuman Rights. Following the event, the Inter-AmericanCommission, the European Court and the Special Rapporteur onTorture published reports on evolving jurisprudence regarding thedeath penalty.3A high-level conference was organized by the KazakhMinister of Foreign Affairs and the InternationalCommission against the Death Penalty to support theinitiative to create a death-penalty-free zone in CentralAsia and Mongolia. Kazakhstan abolished the deathpenalty in law for all crimes in December 2021.Abolition in Kazakhstan (18th World Day)2On 23 July 2021, the Parliament of Sierra Leonevoted in favour of a Bill abolishing the deathpenalty. For the 19th World Day, President JuliusMaada Bio signed the bill into law on 8 October2021.Abolition in Sierra Leone (19th World Day)A pedagogical guide to teach abolition was created by the WorldCoalition. It offers activities for young people from 14 to 18 yearsold. It was widely circulated and continues to be used bymembers of the Coalition in their awareness raising activities.Creation of a Teaching Guide (7th World Day)The Founding Act of the Greater Caribbean for Life(12th World Day)The Greater Caribbean for Life, a coalition ofindividuals and abolitionist organizations in the region,was officially established on 2 October 2013 with theadoption of its constitution and the election of its firstExecutive Committee. This launch occurred at the endof debates and discussions between activists andjurists from 12 countries. In their final statement, theyundertook to “campaign for the abolition of the deathpenalty, including by creating a culture to promote andprotect human rights.”20th World DayAgainst the Death PenaltyThe World Day Against the Death Penalty (World Day), celebrated every 10 October, was firstconceptualized during the first World Congress Against the Death Penalty, organized byTogether Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) in 2001 in Strasbourg, France. Signatories of thefinal declaration committed to "creating a world-wide coordination of associations andabolitionist campaigners, whose first goal will be to launch a world-wide day for the universalabolition of the death penalty." The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created inRome in May 2022. In 2003, it decided to make 10 October, or 10/10, World Day against theDeath Penalty after the date of abolition of the death penalty in France (9 October 1981).Each World Day gives the opportunity:to denounce the application of the death penalty where it is still practiced;to put pressure on the States that retain it to abolish the death penalty;to give an international and institutional dimension to the struggl e of those whosometimes fight against the tide of public opinion;explain to the public the urgency of abolition and the indefensible character of capitalpunishment;to bring toge ther abolitionist actors and activists around a common campaign.Since 2003, the participation has increased by 294%, from 188 initiatives in 63 cou ntries to741 initiatives in 98 countries in 2021. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Anniversary-tool_EN-v1.1bf.pdf ) [429] => Array ( [objectID] => 19502 [title] => Poster Tamil 2022 – மரண தண்டைனக்ெகதிரான இருபதாவது உலக நாள் [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%e0%ae%ae%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%a3-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%a3%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%9f%e0%af%88%e0%ae%a9%e0%ae%95%e0%af%8d%e0%af%86%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%a9-%e0%ae%87%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%81%e0%ae%aa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.2022மரண தண்டைனக்ெகதிரானஇருபதாவது உலக நாள்www.worldcoalition.orgமரண தண்டைன:வாழ்க்ைகேயசித்தரவைத [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Tamil_WD2022_Poster_BD1.0.pdf ) [430] => Array ( [objectID] => 19494 [title] => Poster Swahili 2022 – MIAKA 20 YA MAADHIMISHO YA KUPINGA ADHABU YA KIFO DUNIANI [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/miaka-20-ya-maadhimisho-ya-kupinga-adhabu-ya-kifo-duniani/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.2022MIAKA 20 YA MAADHIMISHOYA KUPINGA ADHABU YA KIFO DUNIANIwww.worldcoalition.orgADHABU YA KIFO:BARABARA ILIYOJAAMATESO [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/SWA_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [431] => Array ( [objectID] => 19479 [title] => Poster Singhala 2022 – 20 වන ජගත් මරණ දඬුවමට එෙරහි දිනය [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/20-%e0%b7%80%e0%b6%b1-%e0%b6%a2%e0%b6%9c%e0%b6%ad%e0%b7%8a-%e0%b6%b8%e0%b6%bb%e0%b6%ab-%e0%b6%af%e0%b6%ac%e0%b7%94%e0%b7%80%e0%b6%b8%e0%b6%a7-%e0%b6%91%e0%b7%99%e0%b6%bb%e0%b7%84%e0%b7%92-%e0%b6%af/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.202220 වන ජගත් මරණදඬුවමට එෙරහි දිනයwww.worldcoalition.orgමරණ දඬුවම:වධහිංසාෙවන්සකස්කළ මාවත [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Singhala_WD2022_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [432] => Array ( [objectID] => 19460 [title] => Poster Lingala 2022 – Mokolo ya kobundela etumbu ya liwa na mokili mobimba [timestamp] => 1657152000 [date] => 07/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mokolo-ya-kobundela-etumbu-ya-liwa-na-mokili-mobimba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.2022MOKOLO YA TUKU MIBALE PO NA MOKILIMOBIMBA KOBOYA ETUMBU YA LIWA.www.worldcoalition.orgETUMBU YA LIWA :NZELA OYOETONGAMI NAKOMONISAMA PASIPE MINYOKO EBELE [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/LINGALA_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [433] => Array ( [objectID] => 19452 [title] => Poster Italian – 20 GIORNATA MONDIALE CONTRO LA PENA DI MORTE [timestamp] => 1657152000 [date] => 07/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/20-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.202220 GIORNATA MONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTEwww.worldcoalition.orgPENA DI MORTE:UNA STRADALASTRICATA DITORTURE [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IT_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [434] => Array ( [objectID] => 19444 [title] => Poster 2022 Houssa – 20TH RANAR YAKI DA HUKUMCIN KISA TA DUNIYA [timestamp] => 1657152000 [date] => 07/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/houssa-poster-2022-ranar-yaki-da-hukumcin-kisa-ta-duniya/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.202220TH RANARYAKI DA HUKUMCIN KISA TA DUNIYAwww.worldcoalition.orgHUKUMCIN KISA:HAGNAN AZABTARWA [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Houssa_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [435] => Array ( [objectID] => 19425 [title] => Poster 2022 German – 20. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1657152000 [date] => 07/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe-poster/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe Poster [texte] => 10.10.202220. WELTTAGGEGEN DIE TODESSTRAFEwww.worldcoalition.orgTODESSTRAFE:EIN MIT FOLTERGEPFLASTETER WEG [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/DE_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [436] => Array ( [objectID] => 19393 [title] => Detailed Factsheet – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1656892800 [date] => 04/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on torture and the death penalty, for the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty (2022). [texte] => A road paved with torture20th World Day Against the Death PenaltyThe death penalty: a road paved with tortureDetailed FactsheetWORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThis 10 October 2022, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (the World Coalition) and other abolitionist organizations worldwide celebrate the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty. The World Coalition looks back on 20 years of unity and advocacy for the universal abolition of capital punishment and dedicates this 20th World Day to reflecting the relationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment.Table des matièresINTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1Methodology ................................................................ 1Sources ........................................................................ 2PART 1: A LOOK BACK AT 20 YEARS OF ADVOCATING AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ....... 2PART 2: THE DEATH PENALTY AND TORTURE ........ 5Context ......................................................................... 5Definition: what is torture?.......................................... 6Types of torture and the death penalty ................... 10INTRODUCTIONMETHODOLOGYAs more countries abolish the death penalty and therefore make it an unlawful practice, the death penalty itself would cease to be accepted as a “lawful sanction” under the internationally recognized definition of torture. Prepared by The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in partnership with the Advocates for Human Rights and with the assistance of the law firm20th World Day Against the Death PenaltyFredrikson and Byron, P.A., this factsheet highlights this growing consensus, as well as examines the link between torture (or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) and the death penalty.First, we will look back at 20 years of advocating against the death penalty by reviewing measured successes from each World Day since its inception in 2002Second, as we revisit the themes of past World Days, for this 20th World Day’s topic, we highlight a common thread that seems to link the various cases and aspects of the application of the death penalty, and join several others in questioning whether a norm is emerging that the death penalty in itself amounts to torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). We examine the connection between torture and the death penalty by 1) analyzing the current definition of torture and the growing international recognition that the death penalty is a form of torture; and 2) looking at current practices in various countries to illustrate modern-day issues and injustices connecting torture and the death penalty.SOURCESOur research focused on existing international, regional, and State-specific human rights treaties, legislation and jurisprudence, as well as humanitarian organization and non-profit work.Our research also relied heavily on the work of The International Federation of Associations of Christians Against Torture (FIACAT), including their position paper on the topic of the death penalty and torture, as well as the Death Penalty Worldwide database and Amnesty International, among others.PART 1: A LOOK BACK AT 20 YEARS OF ADVOCATING AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY11 Facts and figures from previous World Day Reports available at WorldCoalition.org20 YEARS OF RAISING AWARNESS2003-2022A road paved with torture“The first edition of the World Day against the Death Penalty was celebrated on 10th October 2003. On the occasion of the 2003 and 2004 editions, the World Coalition called principally for the organization of local initiatives everywhere throughout the world in order for the World Day to be an event with a clearly international character. […] Since 2005, the World Coalition chooses a specific theme each year so that it may suggest to its members and to all abolitionists targeted actions for awareness raising and lobbying.” 2World Days have since covered important issues in connection with the death penalty, including mental health (12th World Day), terrorism (14th World Day), poverty (15th World Day), living conditions on death row (16th World Day), and women-specific issues (19th World Day). Earlier World Days also focused on the issue of the death penalty in certain regions or States, including Africa in 2005, Asia in 2008, United States in 2010, and Caribbean in 2013. Previous World Days examined practices, treatment and conditions that amount to torture, highlighting the role that torture plays in perpetuating capital punishment. All World Day topics collectively highlight the multi-faceted and intersectional issues facing those sentenced to or impacted by the death penalty around the world.2 Summary of World Day years 1-5 (2002-2006) from World Day Against the Death Penalty: Fifth Edition available at https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-RapportJM2007-1.pdf20th World Day Against the Death PenaltyWorld Day themesA road paved with torturePART 2: THE DEATH PENALTY AND TORTURECONTEXTWhen the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the “Convention”) were adopted in 1966 and 1984, respectively, the authors had not yet envisioned that pain and distress resulting from lawful sanctions could constitute torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). Since that time, however, standards, practices and agreements by States, including the ever-increasing majority of States who are either abolitionist in law or in practice in regards to the death penalty, indicate a shift toward the total abolition of the death penalty, which shift will eventually make the practice per se unlawful, and therefore no longer excepted from the definition of torture (or CIDTP).While recognizing we advocate for the total abolition of the death penalty worldwide, we acknowledge that there are retentionist States and that some of these States are applying the death penalty in a way that may amount to torture or CIDTP which is frequently in violation of prohibitions set out under international law and standards. To that end, we wish to raise awareness of some of these issues, and while at the same time advocating for a total abolition of the death penalty, advocating for practices and methods to be used in retentionist countries that are the most humane and directed to avoiding torture and CIDTP – and all of the unnecessary pain and suffering inflicted upon those who are sentenced to death and all other persons with a passing relationship to death penalty cases.In this Factsheet, we will examine specific practices in connection with the death penalty that may amount to the level of torture or CIDTP, including forced confessions, and psychological torture due to secrecy, solitary confinement, or extensive Time on Death Row.Status of the death penalty worldwide3:2020:• 483 people were executed in 2020 (at least), the lowest figure that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade.• Iran, Egypt, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia accounted for 88% of known executions. This figure does not include thousands of executions believed to have been carried out in China due to a lack of transparency, as the death penalty in China is classified as a state secret.• Despite proceedings failing to meet international fair trial standards, death sentences in Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Vietnam, and Yemen have been imposed.3 Data from Amnesty International’s Global Report. Death sentences and executions 2020 available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/;Data from Amnesty International’s Global Report. Death sentences and executions 2021 available athttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/5418/2022/en/20th World Day Against the Death Penalty• Individuals in Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia were convicted due to confessions extracted through torture.• Death sentences were imposed in Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Palestine without the defendant being present.2021:• Global executions increased by 20% on the 2020 figure, from at least 483 to at least 579.• Iran (at least 314), Egypt (at least 83) and Saudi Arabia (65) accounted for 80% of all known executions. Again, this figure does not include the executions believed to have been carried out in China.• Three countries resumed executions: United Arab Emirates (since 2017), Belarus and Japan (since 2019). In the USA, two states resumed: Mississippi (since 2012) and Oklahoma (since 2015).As of the end of 2021, 108 countries were abolitionists for all crimes, 8 countries retained the death penalty for ordinary crimes, 28 countries were abolitionists in practice, and 55 countries still maintained the death penalty.Status of abolition worldwide to 31 December 20214DEFINITION: WHAT IS TORTURE?Article 1 of the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the “Convention”) defines torture as“any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of4 Data from Amnesty International’s Global Report. Death sentences and executions 2021 available athttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/5418/2022/en/5 Article 5 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-against-torture-and-other-cr [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/EN-Detailed-Factsheet_1.0.pdf ) [437] => Array ( [objectID] => 19265 [title] => Testimonies tool – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1656374400 [date] => 28/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/testimonies-tool-world-day-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition and its members have collected testimonies of victims of torture in the death penalty. Confessions, death row phenomenon, moments before the execution, psychological torture of those not sentenced to death, methods of execution. Read the stories of these victims. We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories. [texte] => 20th World Day against the death penaltyTestimonies: acts of torture in capital punishmentTable of contentsConfessions ............................................................................................ 4Junius Burno (USA, Pennsylvania) ........................................................................... 4Hoo Yew Wah (Malaysia) ...................................................................................... 4Alamhuli-Atashgah (Iran) ...................................................................................... 5Debra Milke (USA, Arizona) ................................................................................... 6Navid Afkari (Iran) .............................................................................................. 7Anonymous (DRC) ............................................................................................... 7Gary Gauger (USA, Illinois) .................................................................................... 8Death row phenomenon ......................................................................... 8Behnud Shojaei (Iran) .......................................................................................... 9Iwao Hakamada (Japan) ....................................................................................... 9Anonymous (Sri Lanka) ........................................................................................ 9Steven Ching'ombe (Malawi) ................................................................................ 10George Billiati (Malawi) ...................................................................................... 10Moments before the execution ............................................................ 10Juan Roberto Meléndez (USA, Florida) .................................................................... 11Daniel Gwynn (USA, Pennsylvania) ........................................................................ 11Mohammad Fada’i (Iran) ..................................................................................... 12Weng Renzian (Taiwan) ...................................................................................... 12Psychological torture of those not sentenced to death ....................... 13Anonymous – Brother and mother (Iran) ................................................................... 14Sasha – Child (Belarus) ...................................................................................... 14Anonymous – Wife (Iran) ..................................................................................... 14Nancy Vollertsen - Sister (USA, Oklahoma) ............................................................... 15Methods of execution ........................................................................... 16Sohail Yafat (Pakistan) ....................................................................................... 16This document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with substantial aide from member organizations, including Amnesty international, the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC), Justice Project Pakistan, Lifespark, Paris Bar association, Reprieve, and Witness to Innocence. Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in which they were received, with edits being made either for clarity, security, or for length. If a testimony has been edited, it will be stated.We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.ConfessionsIn countries around the world where the death penalty is still applied, forced confessions may be used by law enforcement to obtain a confession to a capital offense.Junius Burno (USA, Pennsylvania)I was never physically tortured. Mine has been purely psychological and emotional. I had psychological pressure applied on me to falsely confess. From both the police and the actual D.A. trying my case. They repeatedly outside the presence of my counsel threatened me with the death penalty. Explaining how they kill you, the process. The threat was I needed to secure a deal or my co-defendant would get it and I would be put to death.Then the entire time prior to trial was quite tortuous. From the standpoint of receiving and recognizing that I was receiving very sub-par representation. I could not afford my own attorney so the court appointed counsel to me. They are merely there to give the appearance of representation. I was later told by one of them that winning was not what they were there for. And could put him/them out of a job! Each judge has a list of attorneys he gives these cases to. It is a safe bet that not one of them have ever won any of the cases he has assigned them. Also, safe bet that this is universal.The same thing carries over to your appellate process. So, it is all of the time consumed that is tortuous to me and others. It is time greatly wasted and devastates the incarcerated and their families. I know I am a casualty of it. Time consumed trying your earnest to get your case properly and fairly presented, heard and decided upon. This virtually never happens. So you, your case, and family languish for years, decades! SHEER TORTURE!Testimony collected by Lifespark in 2022.Hoo Yew Wah (Malaysia)In 2005, at 20 years old, Hoo Yew Wah was arrested for possession of 188.35 grams of methamphetamine. He was later taken to a police station, where police broke his finger, threatened to beat his girlfriend, and was made to make a statement without a lawyer present. He also made the statement in, his mother tongue, which the police wrote down in Malay.Yew Wah contested this statement in court, noting inaccuracies and threats, but the judge dismissed these claims without ordering an investigation.Yew Wah was automatically presumed to be guilty of drug trafficking – and was given the mandatory sentence of death.Testimony collected by Amnesty international in 2019.The level of pressure, desperation and fear I felt in those moments are completely unexplainable.Alamhuli-Atashgah (Iran)Ms. Alamhuli-Atashgah was arrested on 26 May 2008 by the [Islamic] Revolutionary Guards Corps [IRGC]. After enduring 25 days of torture and detention, she was transferred to Evin Prison. Following six months' imprisonment, she was transferred to Evin's Women’s Ward. According to Fars News Agency, she was arrested in connection with an explosion at the headquarters of the IRGC.Ms. Alamhuli-Atashgah reported that no arrest warrant was presented to her and that during her detention in the IRGC headquarters, she had no access to a lawyer. She also described the harsh prison conditions and the torture she was subjected to in several letters. On 18 January 2010, she wrote: "I was arrested in May 2008 by several military and plainclothes officers and taken directly to the IRGC headquarters. Upon arrival, they promptly proceeded to beat me. I spent a total of 25 days in IRGC custody, 22 days of which I was on hunger strike. During that period, I was constantly subjected to all kinds of physical and psychological pressure. The interrogators, who were male, handcuffed me to a bed. They repeatedly struck me on my face, body and soles of my feet with electric batons, cables, kicks and punches. At the time, I could barely speak or understand any Persian. So when their questions remained unanswered, they would beat me so hard that I would pass out. At Call to Prayers, they would go for their prayers, giving me time to, in their words, think about my conduct. Then it would start all over again: the beatings, passing out, ice water..."“Blows to my head during interrogation have given me severe head trauma. There are days when I am struck with the most agonizing headaches. My nose starts to bleed, and I lose awareness of my surroundings. It takes several hours before I gradually regain consciousness. Another 'gift' of their torture was the damage to my eyesight, which is worsening every day. My request for eyeglasses has remained unanswered.""When they realized my resolve to continue with the hunger strike, they attempted to forcibly feed me by shoving serums and tubes into my stomach through my nose. I would resist by pulling out the tubes, which resulted in bleeding and tremendous pain. After some two years, the scars remain and bother me.""One day during interrogations, they kicked me so hard in the stomach that I immediately started to bleed. One day one of the interrogators approached me, asking irrelevant questions. He was the only interrogator I saw, as at other times I was in blindfolds. When I failed to respond, he slapped me, drew a gun from his belt and put it to my head. He said: 'Answer myThe tortures to which you have subjected me have become my nightmares. I spent every day in pain from the torturequestions. I know you are a member of PJAK and a terrorist. Look girl! It makes no difference whether or not you talk. We are happy to have taken a PJAK member captive.""They would make me stand on my injured feet until they would become totally swollen. Then they would bring me some ice. Every night I could hear screams and cries, which would continue until dawn, leaving me unnerved. I subsequently found out that they were recordings intended to intensify my suffering. Or I would be held in the interrogation room for hours with cold water dripping on my head, before being returned to my cell in the evening. One day, as I was being interrogated while sitting in a chair with blindfolds on, the interrogator put out his cigarette on my hand. On another day, he placed his shoes on my feet pressing so hard that my toenails turned black and fell off. Or they would make me stand on my feet the whole day without asking any questions, while the interrogators sat there, doing crossword puzzles."Ms. Alamhuli-Atashgah was transferred from the IRGC headquarters to a hospital and then to section 209 of Evin Prison, which refused to take her in custod [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/TestimoniesJM_EN_v.1.1.pdf ) [438] => Array ( [objectID] => 18825 [title] => Central African Republic Becomes 24th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1656201600 [date] => 26/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/central-african-republic-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Central-African-Republic-abolition-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The President of the Central African Republic promulgated the law abolishing the death penalty on June 27 2022, one month after the National Assembly passed the law. CAR is now the 24th abolitionist state in Africa and the 111th in the world. [texte] => The President of the Central African Republic promulgated the law abolishing the death penalty on June 27 2022, one month after the National Assembly passed the law. CAR is now the 24th abolitionist state in Africa and the 111th in the world. (more…) "Central African Republic Becomes 24th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [439] => Array ( [objectID] => 21345 [title] => European Court for Human Rights cases involving the death penalty [timestamp] => 1656028800 [date] => 24/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/european-court-for-human-rights-cases-involving-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “[T]he [European Court of Human Rights] in Öcalan did not exclude that Article 2 [of the European Convention on Human Rights, protecting the right to life,] had already been amended so as to remove the exception permitting the death penalty. Moreover, … the position has evolved since then. All but two of the Member States have now signed Protocol No. 13 [to the Convention, concerning the abolishment of the death penalty in all circumstances,] and all but three of the States which have signed have ratified it. These figures, together with consistent State practice in observing the moratorium on capital punishment, are strongly indicative that Article 2 has been amended so as to prohibit the death penalty in all circumstances. Against this background, the Court does not consider that the wording of the second sentence of Article 2 § 1 continues to act as a bar to its interpreting the words ‘inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ in Article 3 [of the Convention, prohibiting torture and inhuman or degrading treatment,] as including the death penalty …” (Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom judgment of 2 March 2010, § 120). [texte] => Factsheet – Death penalty abolitionJune 2022This factsheet does not bind the Court and is not exhaustiveDeath penalty abolition“[T]he [European Court of Human Rights] in Öcalan did not exclude that Article 2 [of the European Convention on Human Rights, protecting the right to life,] had already been amended so as to remove the exception permitting the death penalty. Moreover, … the position has evolved since then. All but two of the Member States have now signed Protocol No. 13 [to the Convention, concerning the abolishment of the death penalty in all circumstances,] and all but three of the States which have signed have ratified it. These figures, together with consistent State practice in observing the moratorium on capital punishment, are strongly indicative that Article 2 has been amended so as to prohibit the death penalty in all circumstances. Against this background, the Court does not consider that the wording of the second sentence of Article 2 § 1 continues to act as a bar to its interpreting the words ‘inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ in Article 3 [of the Convention, prohibiting torture and inhuman or degrading treatment,] as including the death penalty …” (Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom judgment of 2 March 2010, § 120).Risk of exposure to the “death-row phenomenon”1Soering v. the United Kingdom7 July 1989The applicant was a German national detained in a prison in England pending extradition to the United States of America to face charges of murder for the stabbing to death of his girlfriend’s parents. He complained that, notwithstanding the assurances presented to the United Kingdom Government, there was a serious likelihood that he be sentenced to death if extradited to the United States. He maintained that, in particular because of the “death row phenomenon” where people spent several years in extreme stress and psychological trauma awaiting to be executed, if extradited, he would be subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment contrary to Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.The European Court of Human Rights found that the applicant’s extradition to the United States would expose him to a real risk of treatment contrary to Article 3 of the Convention. In reaching that conclusion, the Court had regard to the very long period of time people usually spent on death row in extreme conditions in the United States with an ever mounting anguish of waiting to be executed, as well as to the personal circumstances of the applicant, especially his age and mental state at the time of the offence. The Court also noted that the legitimate purpose of the extradition could be achieved by another means which would not involve suffering of such exceptional intensity or duration. Accordingly, the United Kingdom decision to extradite the applicant to the United States would, if implemented, breach Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) of the Convention.1. Concerning the conditions of detention on “death row”, see in particular: Poltoratski v. Ukraine, Kouznetsov v. Ukraine, Nazarenko v. Ukraine, Dankevitch v. Ukraine, Aliev v. Ukraine and Khokhlitch v. Ukraine, judgments of 29 April 2003; G.B. v. Bulgaria (application no. 42346/98) and Iorgov v. Bulgaria, judgments of 11 March 2004.Factsheet – Death penalty abolition2Einhorn v. France16 October 2001 (decision on the admissibility)The applicant, an American national, left the United States after being accused of murdering his former partner. He was found guilty, in his absence, of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. The French Government agreed to extradite him, on the ground that he would benefit from a new and fair trial if returned to Pennsylvania and that he would not face the death penalty. He appealed and the French Conseil d’Etat rejected his appeal. Before the Court, the applicant complained, among other things, that his extradition was agreed despite the risk of his facing the death penalty and being exposed to inhuman and degrading conditions on “death row”.The Court declared the application inadmissible (manifestly ill-founded). It reiterated that the fact, after being sentenced to death, prisoners are exposed to the “death-row phenomenon” can, in certain cases and having regard in particular to the time spent in extreme conditions, the ever-present and mounting anguish of awaiting execution, and the personal circumstances of the prisoner in question, be regarded as a form of treatment that goes beyond the threshold set by Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) of the Convention. The Court noted, however, that the circumstances of the case and the assurances obtained by the French Government were such as to remove the danger of the applicant’s being sentenced to death in Pennsylvania. Since, in addition, the decree granting the applicant’s extradition expressly provided that “the death penalty may not be sought, imposed or carried out in respect of [the applicant]”, the Court considered that he was not exposed to a serious risk of treatment or punishment prohibited under Article 3 of the Convention on account of his extradition to the United States.See also: Nivette v. France, partial decision on the admissibility of 14 December 2000 and final decision of 3 July 2001.Demir v. Turkey30 August 2005 (decision on the admissibility)Relying on Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment) of the Convention, the applicant complained of being subjected to “death row syndrome” on account of the discussions among the political authorities on resuming enforcement of the death penalty, following the conviction of the head of the PKK (the Workers’ Party of Kurdistan, an illegal organisation).The Court declared the application inadmissible (manifestly ill-founded). It pointed out that the death penalty had been abolished in Turkey and that the Turkish Constitutional Court, in its judgment of 27 December 2002, had upheld the validity of the legislation abolishing it. Accordingly, the death sentences already imposed had automatically been commuted to life imprisonment. Furthermore, Turkey had ratified Protocol No. 6 to the Convention of 28 April 1983 concerning abolition of the death penalty. The Court also took note of the applicant’s fears that enforcement of the death penalty would resume following the conviction of the head of the PKK. In that connection it noted that a moratorium on enforcement of the death penalty had been in place in Turkey since 1984. It further observed that the discussions among the political authorities on resuming enforcement of the death penalty had related solely to the head of the PKK. Moreover, the situation of the head of the PKK could not readily be transposed to that of the applicant, in view of the former’s political past. In the circumstances, the Court considered that the enforcement of the death sentence against the applicant had been purely hypothetical and that he could not be said to have suffered the ever-present and mounting anguish of awaiting execution, thereby subjecting him to treatment exceeding the threshold set by Article 3 of the Convention.Factsheet – Death penalty abolition3Risk of being stoned to deathJabari v. Turkey11 October 2000The applicant, an Iranian national, fled Iran where she had been detained for having a relationship with a married man. Arrested in Istanbul for using a forged Canadian passport, she complained that she ran a real risk of death by stoning if returned to Iran. She was granted refugee status by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) which found that – if returned to Iran – she risked an inhuman punishment, in particular death by stoning.The Court gave due weight to the UNHCR’s conclusion in respect of the risk run by the applicant if she were deported to Iran. Having further noted that punishment of adultery by stoning had remained on the statute book and might be used by the Iranian authorities, the Court concluded that there existed a real risk of the applicant being subjected to treatment contrary to the Convention if she were to be returned to Iran. Accordingly, the order for her deportation to Iran would, if executed, give rise to a violation of Article 3 (prohibition of torture) of the Convention. The Court also held that there had been a violation of Article 13 (right to an effective remedy) of the Convention in the instant case.Razaghi v. Sweden25 January 2005 (striking out judgment)The applicant, an Iranian national, had applied for asylum in Sweden in November 1998. The National Immigration Board had rejected the application and ordered that the applicant be expelled to Iran. The applicant claimed that, if expelled to Iran, he would risk, among other things, facing death by stoning for having had a relationship with a mullah’s wife. He relied on Article 2 (right to life) and Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman treatment) of the Convention and Article 1 (abolition of the death penalty) of Protocol No. 6 to the Convention.The Court observed that in September 2004 the Swedish Aliens Board had revoked the expulsion order against the applicant and granted him a permanent residence permit. Finding that the applicant no longer faced expulsion to Iran or any risk of a violation of the articles of the Convention invoked, the Court concluded that the matter had been resolved and accordingly struck out the case pursuant to Article 37 of the Convention.Risk of being sentenced to deathBader and Kanbor v. Sweden8 November 2005The applicants are a family of four Syrian nationals who had had their asylum applications refused in Sweden and deportation orders to be returned to Syria served on them. They complained that as the father in the family had been convicted in his absence of complicity in a murder and sentenced to death in Syria, he ran a real risk of being executed if returned there.The Court considered that the first applicant had [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body [1] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Death_penalty_ENG.pdf ) [440] => Array ( [objectID] => 19249 [title] => Leaflet – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1656028800 [date] => 24/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet for the 20th World Day against the death penalty (2022), on torture and the death penalty. [texte] => — 1 —— WORLD COALITION AGAINS THE DEATH PENALTY —10 OCTOBER 2022www.worldcoalition.orgDEATH PENALTY:A ROAD PAVEDWITH TORTURE20TH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY— 2 —— 20TH WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY —Today, 1441 States are abolitionists in law or in practice,which represents more than two thirds of the world’scountries. Comparatively twenty years ago, only 1112 countrieswere abolitionists in law or in practice. It is undeniable thatabolition of the death penalty has continued to gain groundaround the world.From an international legal perspective, the link between theuse of the death penalty, torture and CIDTP has grown in itscomplexity over the past 20 years. There is a growinginternational acceptance of the principle that torture isinherent to the death penalty process, a process that is lawfulunder international law, albeit highly regulated. This notionputs into question the compatibility of the death penalty withthe prohibition on the use of torture or CIDTP underinternational law. Two United Nations Special Rapporteurs ontorture have expressed their favorable interpretation of thisand called for studies on this very question, in 2009 and againin 20123. As recently as 2019, for the first time, the UnitedNations Human Rights Committee suggested that certainmethods of execution constitute torture or CIDTP4.These progressive interpretations by international humanrights bodies and mechanisms are not without dire need. Thetypes of torture and other ill-treatment experienced duringthe long death penalty road are varied and numerous: physicalor psychological torture has been applied in many casesduring questioning to force confessions to capital crimes;death row phenomenon contributes to the long-termpsychological decline of a person's health, harsh death rowliving conditions contribute to physical deterioration, mentalanguish of anticipating execution once a date has been set,methods of execution that cause exceptional pain, and thesuffering experienced by family members and those with aclose relationship with the executed person.1 Amnesty international, “Death sentences and executions in 2021” May 2022.2 Amnesty international, “The Death Penalty: List of Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries (1 January 2002)”, 31 March 2002.3 Special reporter on torture reports, doc. ONU A/HRC/10/44, 2009, § 34-38 ; doc. ONU A/67/279, 2012, § 53, 56, 65-72 2012.4 Human rights committee, General Comment no. 36 - Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36, para. 64, Septembre 3rd, 2019.This day is anopportunity to highlightthe progress maderegarding the struggleagainst the deathpenalty around theglobe for the pasttwenty years. It alsoserves as a keymoment to reflect onthe link between theuse of the deathpenalty and torture orother cruel, inhuman,and degradingtreatment orpunishment (CIDTP),as well as mark thegrowing recognition ofthe death penalty asincompatible with theprohibition of CIDTPunder international law.On 10th October 2022, the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty and abolitionists actors worldwidewill celebrate the 20th World Day Against the DeathPenalty.— 3 —— WORLD COALITION AGAINS THE DEATH PENALTY —THE DEATH PENALTY IN NUMBERS110States have abolished thedeath penalty for all crimes7States have abolished thedeath penalty for commonlaw crimes27States are abolitionists inpractice55States are retentionistsUniversal Declaration of HumanRights of 1948 (art. 5)International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights of 1966 (art. 7)Convention against Torture of1984Convention on the Rights of theChild 1989 (art. 37 a)European Convention for theProtection of Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms of 1950(art. 3)American Convention on HumanRights of 1969 (art. 5.2)African Charter on Human andPeoples' Rights of 1981 (art. 5)Inter-American Convention toPrevent and Punish Torture of1985European Convention for thePrevention of Torture andInhuman or Degrading Treatmentor Punishment of 1987Arab Charter on Human Rights of2004 (art. 8)Association of Southeast AsianNations Declaration on HumanRights, 2012 (art. 14)International laws andstandards relativeto the prohibitionof torture and CIDTPThe prohibition of torture andother ill-treatment isacknowledged by diverse regionaland international instruments andtexts:WHAT IS TORTURE AND CIDTP?Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whetherphysical or mental, is inflicted on a person by orat the instigation of or with the consent […] of apublic official or other person acting in an officialcapacity. Torture is an aggravated et deliberatedform of CIDTP.Torture does not extend to “pain or suffering arisingonly from, inherent in or incidental to lawfulsanctions.”. But the lawfulness of the death penaltyas a legal sanction is questioned more and moreon the international stage.Article 1 and 16, Convention Against Torture; Article1/2 Declaration on the Protection of All Persons fromBeing Subjected to Torture and Other CIDTP ofDecember 9, 1975.WHAT IS DEATH PENALTYPHENOMENON?The psychological impact felt by a personsentenced to death that combines harsh livingconditions, and the contemplation of impendingexecution.The 5 States that executed themost in the world in 2021 are,in order:1 China2 Iran3 Egypt4 Saudi Arabia5 Syria— 4 —— 20TH WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY —5 For more art by DanielGwynn: https://www.artforjustice.org/daniel-gwynnn“In 2005, at 20 years old, Hoo YewWah was arrested for possessionof 188.35 grams ofmethamphetamine. He was latertaken to a police station, where he said the police brokehis finger and threatened to beat his girlfriend duringinterrogation to make him sign a statement, without alawyer present. He contested the statement at trial andon appeal, but it was used as evidence to convict him. (…)Yew Wah was automatically presumed to be guilty of drugtrafficking [by the court] – and was given the mandatorysentence of death.”Testimonial gathered by Amnesty Interantional in 2019.USAPennsylvaniaThe types of torture and other illtreatmentexperienced during the longdeath penalty road are varied andnumerous:Painting entitled“Coerced Confession” 5by Daniel Gwynn, byDaniel Gwynn, who hasbeen on death row inPennsylvania, USAsince 1996.Testimonial and art worksent by lifespark!When describing his schedule on aprison ward, the followinganonymous man who has been undera sentence of death for 13 yearsexplained, “Exercise time is at10H00. I don’t go out for exercise.I haven't gone out for exercise forabout five years. What is thepoint?”Over 1200 persons are undersentenced of death in Sri Lanka.Quote gathered by the Human RightsCommission of Sri Lanka for their 2020Prison Study.SRI LANKAMALAYSIAArrest and questionning— 5 —— WORLD COALITION AGAINS THE DEATH PENALTY —USAOklahoma“My brother, Greg Wilhoit, spent five years onOklahoma’s death row for a crime he did notcommit. (…) Visiting Greg on death row wasvery traumatic. Oklahoma does not allowcontact visits so we were not able to even hugGreg for years. He shared with us the barbaricliving conditions, and we had nightmaresimagining what he was dealing with and hishopelessness. We tried to comfort him when hisfriends were executed. It was devastating.Nothing that we suffered compared to what Gregwent through, but no family should have to watchthe state methodically plan the murder of theirloved one.”Nancy Vollertsen, sister to Greg Wilhoit.Greg Wilhoit was wrongfully convicted andsentenced to death in 1987. He was fullyexonerated in 1993.Testimonial shared by Witness to Innocence in 2022.Death row phenomenonMohammad Fada’i, wrote a letteras a juvenile waiting forexecution: “Now, once more, Iam waiting for execution. I amno longer afraid of death. (…)Today I am writing this letter to you and I stillcannot believe that I have been separated frommy school and my friends forever. I still cannotbelieve that I am grown up and my childhood andyouth has ended. I cannot believe that I have todie in few days.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman BoroumandCenter in 2008.“Several death row prisoners haveshared what they saw on the day ofWeng Renzian’s execution. They saidthat Weng Renxian was unwilling tolet the prison guards take [him] out ofhis cell and resisted strongly. Otherprisoners were locked in their cells with the smallglass window on the door covered, so that theycould not see the condition outside. They could onlyhear Weng Renxian's painful cries. The guards calledfor more help to come in to assist. In the end, WengRenxian was dragged along the corridor, and thesound of shackles, handcuffs and floor tiles […]was even more eerily deafening and frighteningin the quiet prison at night. (…) Renxian shouted,"My brothers, take care! I'll leave first!" and then hewas taken to the execution ground.”Testimony collected by the Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty in 2022.IRANAnticipation of executionTAIWAN— 6 —— 20TH WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY —To find out more…Find out everything about World Day Against the Death Penalty at www.worldcoalition.org/fr/campagne/20-world-day-against-the-death-penalty including: the 2022 World Day poster ;the Mobilization Kit ; the testimonies collection ; detailed factsheets on the death penalty aroundthe world ; the 2021 World Day Report.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations,local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the internationaldimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universalabolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimesisolatedactions taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, whileconstantly respecting their independence.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty created the World Day Against the Death Penalty on10 October. For the 20th World Day, in 2022, the World Coalition would like to help activists worldwiderally to oppose the death penalty and unite beh [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023_BROCHURE_EN_8p_V2_BD.pdf ) [441] => Array ( [objectID] => 19233 [title] => Facts and Figures 2022 [timestamp] => 1656028800 [date] => 24/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Find the main facts and figures regarding the death penalty worldwide in 2021 and early 2022. [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice:1• 110 countries2 abolished the death penalty for all crimes.• 8 countries3 abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes only, with exceptions placed on crimes committed in times of war.• 27 countries4 can be considered abolitionist in practice as they have not held an execution for the last 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.• In total 144 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice.• 55 countries and territories still uphold and use the death penalty.• 18 countries5 carried out executions in 2021.• In 2021, the top five executioners were China, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDS GLOBAL ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYWhilst the number of executions has increased in 2021, the level is still historically low, being the second lowest registered by Amnesty since 2010 at least. Once again, 18 countries proceeded to executions, consolidating the record set last year. Positive and negative outcomes occurred in Iraq. The number of executions dropped by 62% but the number of known death sentences rose more than threefold in comparison to 2020. Egypt’s execution number dropped by 22%.1 For 2021 figures shown in this document, see: Amnesty International, Global Report Death sentences and executions. 2021 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/2 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Chad, Colombia, Congo (Republic of the), Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kiribati, Kosovo*,234 Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden,In the USA the execution number dropped to the lowest on record since 1988 and a temporary moratorium on executions was established by federal administration. Virginia became the 23rd State to abolish the death penalty in the US.Sierra Leone and Kazakhstan both abolished the death penalty in 2021. Papua New Guinea abolished the death penalty in early 2022. CAR voted a bill for the abolition of the death penalty in 2022, that have to be promulgated by the President.Armenia ratified the Second Optional protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty in March 2021.[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSIn 2021, the number of executions was on the rise again; at least 579 executions were recorded while 2,052 death sentences were handed down in 55 countries (compared to approx. 1,477 in 55 countries in 2020). At least 24 of the executed persons were women. Because of a lack of information and/or transparency from many retentionist governments, such as China whose figures could not be incorporated in the above number, those figures are the lowest ones that could be determined. As such, the number of executions and death sentences are likely to be underestimated. At the end of 2021, 28,670 people were known to be under a sentence of death.[Asia]Human rights organizations working in and on China estimate the number of its executions in 2021 was in the thousands; figures pertaining to the death penalty remain a state secret in China, as in North Korea and Viet Nam. The number of recorded death sentences has significantly increased in Myanmar, under martial law since February 2021. Recorded death sentencesSwitzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela.3 Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru.4 Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Eswatini (former Swaziland), Ghana, Grenada, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Myanmar, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, South Korea (Republic of Korea), Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia, Zambia.5 A figure followed with a “+” indicates the lowest reliable number of people executed although it is believed by Amnesty International that more people have been executed in reality; a “+” without any figure means Amnesty International have corroborated more than one executions but had no sufficient information to provide a credible: Viet Nam (+), Oman (+), North Korea (+), UAE (1+), Belarus (1+), Japan (3), Botswana (3), Bangladesh (5), South Sudan (9+), USA (11), Yemen (14+), Iraq (17+), Somalia (21+), Syria (24+), Saudi Arabia (65), Egypt (83+), Iran (314+), China (1,000s).Torture and the Death PenaltyFACTS AND FIGURES20th World Day Against the Death Penaltyare also alarming in India and Pakistan as they are increasing. Overall, five countries6 recorded executions, the lowest number in more than 20 years. The region saw a large increase in the number of new death sentences- 819 recorded in 2021, as compared to 517 in 2020. The death sentences handed down were, in many cases, seen as a violation to international human rights standards given that they were applied in the context of crimes that do not meet the “most serious crime” definition (for instance, the application of capital punishment for drug offences, and economic crime). According to Amnesty International, people who were under 18 years of age at the time of the offense have been sentenced to death in Maldives.[Middle East & North Africa]Unlike 2020, where executions decreased, the Middle East and North Africa saw an overall 19% increase in executions, with 7 countries carrying out 520 recorded executions; this is largely due to an increase in executions in states like Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Recorded death sentences sharply increased in the region, going from 632 in 2020 to 834 death sentences in 2021. This increase in due to significant rise in Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon. Egypt continued to proceed to mass executions, based on mass trials involving manifest unfair proceedings. Confessions obtained under torture continue to be used by courts in Iran. In Yemen, 9 men were executed publicly, including a 17 years old teenager at the time of the crime.[America]For the 13th consecutive year, the United States was the only nation to carry out executions in the Americas. But the United States made great progress. The region broke last year’s record with new historically low figures regarding executions- 11 executions in 2021 (as compared to 17 in 2020), of which 3 were Federal executions. In July 2021 the US administration established a temporary moratorium on executions, and Virginia became the 23rd State to abolish the death penalty. The death penalty is still used against people with mental or intellectual disabilities. And in 2021, in the United States, 18 death sentences were handed down in 7 States (same as 2020). The military authorities had not carried out executions since 1961. Outside the United States, only Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana handed down respectively 3 and 4 new death sentences in 2021.6 Bangladesh, China, Japan, North Korea, Viet Nam[Sub Saharan Africa]In 2021, the only countries to carry out executions in Sub-Saharan Africa were Botswana, Somalia, and South Sudan. Overall, there was a significant increase in executions and in handing down of death sentences. In 2020, 305 death sentences were handed down and 16 individuals executed- compared to 373 convictions and 33 executions, respectively in 2021. Additionally, we note the commutation of 83 death sentences in Nigeria, 26 in DRC. Zambia commuted every death sentence of inmates that have been on death row for more than 8 years (23 commutations).[4] EXECUTION METHODSExecutions in 2021 were carried out primarily through beheading (Saudi Arabia), hanging (Bangladesh, Botswana, Egypt, UAE, Iraq, Iran, Japan, South Soudan, etc), lethal injection (China, United Sates, Vietnam, etc) and shooting (Belarus, China, North Korea, Somalia, Yemen, etc).[5] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SUPPORTING ABOLITIONProgress towards abolition has been made through the adoption of international treaties, whereby States pledge not to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty has been ratified by 89 States as of June 2022, and signed but not ratified by 1 other.• Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights on the abolition of the death penalty, has been ratified by 13 States in the Americas.• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has now been ratified by 46 European States and signed but not ratified by 1 other.• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human Rights Convention concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances has been ratified by 44 European States and signed, but not ratified by 1 other.Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides for the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace, whereas Protocol No. 13 provides for its total abolition. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights also provide for [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FactsFigures2022_EN_v1.1.pdf ) [442] => Array ( [objectID] => 19207 [title] => Plans to carry out arbitrary executions in Myanmar must halt immediately [timestamp] => 1655942400 [date] => 23/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/myanmar-executions-must-halt-immediately/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The undersigned organizations are gravely concerned at the recent announcement by the military authorities of Myanmar that the death sentences imposed on four people after grossly unfair proceedings have been approved for implementation. [texte] => The undersigned organizations are gravely concerned at the recent announcement by the military authorities of Myanmar that the death sentences imposed on four people after grossly unfair proceedings have been approved for implementation. (more…) "Plans to carry out arbitrary executions in Myanmar must halt immediately" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [443] => Array ( [objectID] => 19196 [title] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice, Part Two – Overwhelming Support for Abolition Among Opinion Leaders [timestamp] => 1655251200 [date] => 15/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-kenya-a-punishment-that-has-died-out-in-practice-part-two-overwhelming-support-for-abolition-among-opinion-leaders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, The Death Penalty Project and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, in partnership with the Australian National University commissioned Prof. Carolyn Hoyle, Director of The Death Penalty Research Unit, at the University of Oxford, to undertake research in order to provide accurate data on attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya and facilitate a constructive conversation on the future of capital punishment. The research examined the views of both the general public in Kenya and also opinion formers, those considered influential in shaping, and responding to, national views.Key findings : - The vast majority of opinion formers that took part in the interviews were in favour of abolishing the death penalty. - 90% of opinion formers were in favour of abolishing the death penalty - 82% of opinion formers were strongly in favour of of abolishing the death penalty - Most of the opinion formers interviewed were very well informed on the administration of the death penalty in Kenya. - Across both groups there were concerns around the possibility that innocent people could be sentenced to death. - 88% of opinion formers believe wrongful convictions occur fairly regularly - 93% of opinion formers thought Kenya should be influenced by high rates of abolition around the world - Opinion formers believed that 75% of the public would accept abolition of the death penalty, despite initial reservations. [texte] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice Part Two: Overwhelming Support for Abolition Among Opinion LeadersCarolyn Hoyle and Lucy Harry© 2022 Th e authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:Th e Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.organdKenya National Commission on Human Rights P.O. Box 74359-002001st Floor, CVS Plaza, Lenana Road NairobiKenya ISBN: 978-1-8384709-1-3We wish to acknowledge the support of, and partnership with, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and the Australian National University (ANU). Particular thanks are due to KNCHR’s CEO, Dr Bernard Mogesa, as well as Samson Omondi for his helpful input throughout, and Brian Kiyuti for his assistance conducting the interviews.We are also grateful to Professor Carolyn Hoyle, Director of the Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford, and Lucy Harry, who we commissioned to write the report.Finally, special thanks are due to Professor Yash Ghai, for writing the foreword to this study and sharing his expert knowledge regarding how Kenya’s constitution impacts its path to abolition.Th is study was made possible by funds awarded to Th e Death Penalty Project from the European Union and the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce. Th e contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Th e Death Penalty Project and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the European Union or the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce.ContentsFOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 6KEY FINDINGS.............................................................................................................. 8PART ONE: The purpose of the study .............................................................................. 111.1 The context........................................................................................................................ 121.2 The need for research on opinion leaders........................................................................... 151.3 Research design and methods ........................................................................................... 16PART TWO: The findings ............................................................................................... 192.1 Views on abolition of the death penalty ............................................................................ 202.1.1 Support for abolition of the death penalty ........................................................................ 202.1.2 Support for retention of the death penalty ........................................................................ 222.2 Relationship between knowledge and support for the death penalty ................................ 242.2.1 Knowledge gaps between opinion formers and their politicians........................................ 262.2.2 The influence of public opinion data on opinion formers.................................................. 272.3 Trust in the criminal justice system................................................................................... 312.4 Views on the purpose of the death penalty ....................................................................... 342.5 Appetite and potential for abolition .................................................................................. 36PART THREE: Conclusion ............................................................................................ 43APPENDIX: Interview schedule...................................................................................... 59ABOUT THE AUTHORS............................................................................................. 63Authors’ acknowledgements The Death Penalty Project commissioned the University of Oxford to produce this report as part of a wider programme of research on the death penalty in Kenya and it should be read in conjunction with the accompanying public opinion survey.It has been done in association with The Death Penalty Project’s partner organisation, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. Its support and expertise has been invaluable, from the conception of this work through the design of the study, assistance with interviews, and in the preparation of this report. In particular, support was provided throughout by Samson Omondi and Brian Kituyi.This research builds on, and contributes to, a series of similar projects commissioned by The Death Penalty Project, focusing on the views of opinion formers on the death penalty conducted in Zimbabwe, Indonesia, the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados, and, most recently, Taiwan.Thanks are due to Parvais Jabbar and Saul Lehrfreund, Co-Executive Directors of The Death Penalty Project, for their continued commitment to excellence in research, and for recognising the value of collaborations with NGOs and legal charities, civil society more widely, and with academics in those countries in which they work. Parvais Jabbar guided the progress of the project, navigating the challenges of conducting empirical work during a global pandemic with grace and patience. We also benefited from the support provided by his project and administrative team. Carolyn Hoyle & Lucy HarryOxford, March 2022ForewordThis publication, and its companion report on public attitudes to the death penalty – Part One: A Public Ready to Accept Abolition – provide an important contribution to the debate in Kenya about the death penalty. For those who – like myself – are strongly opposed to the death penalty, they are also very encouraging, and give reason to believe that not only are attitudes changing but that in the not-toodistant future, it may be possible for law to be passed that will see capital punishment abolished.My introductory reflections here centre on the Constitution. In some countries abolition of the death penalty has come about through court decisions not through acts of Parliament. This is true of South Africa, where constitution makers felt unable to come to a decision on the death penalty so simply left the provision “Everyone has the right to life.” This was leaving the matter to the courts, and in the now celebrated and seminal case of Makwanyane, the Constitutional Court of South Africa decided that the death penalty was unconstitutional. They drew on the vein of idealism that they discerned in the Constitution, and on an assumption that the “sweeping language in favour of life, …could well in part have been because of a realisation that this was the moment to remove any temptation in coming years to attempt to solve grave social and political problems by means of executing opponents.Is something like this possible in Kenya? The most obvious obstacle is that the Kenyan Constitution includes a qualification to the right to life provision: “A person shall not be deprived of life intentionally, except to the extent authorised by this Constitution or other written law.” This was clearly intended to preserve the possibility of the death penalty – and its constitutionality. In 2017, when the Supreme Court held that the mandatory death penalty was unconstitutional (in the Muruatetu case referred to in this publication), it was careful to add, “For the avoidance of doubt, this decision does not outlaw the death penalty, which is still applicable as a discretionary maximum punishment.” It also stated, “It is not in dispute that Article 26 (3) of the Constitution permits the deprivation of life within the confines of the law.” This is not a court anticipating declaring the death penalty as such unconstitutional in the near future, which takes us back to Parliament, where over the years there have been several attempts to have the death penalty removed from Kenya’s statutes but with little support from parliamentarians.In 1994, Kiraitu Murungi (now Governor of Meru County) moved a motion in the National Assembly for the removal of the death penalty from the Penal Code, on the basis that it had not been effective to prevent crime, as well as being “a legacy of the dark ages of man’s history and man’s inhumanity to man” and that it is “barbaric and savage”. Mr Murungi returned to the issue in 2000, this time referring to the death penalty as “a symbol of savagery and primitive colonial past”. In 2007, a motion was moved seeking to introduce an amendment to the Penal Code to remove the death penalty but was clearly defeated.During the constitution making process, the initial draft, in 2002, by the Constitution Kenyan Review Commission, included abolition of the death penalty.However, during the National Constitutional Conference, which considered that draft, the reference to abolition disappeared. Interestingly the Minister of Justice at the time (Martha Karua) later said that 7her Ministry had put a strong case for abolition to the Conference, but that it had been rejected by the delegates. As chair of that Conference, I cannot now recall from which section of delegates (MPs or others) those objections came. When the constitution making process resumed in 2009, an Assistant Minister said in Parliament (as recorded in Hansard) that the Government intended to push for abolition in the new constitution. But the first two drafts by the Committee of Experts, which carried out this revived process, included only a clause prohibiting ‘arbitrary deprivation of life’. It appears that either government had not made its push for abolition, or the Committee rejected it.The current language – “except to the extent authorised by this Constitution or other written law” – was introduced by a com [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/kenya-part-two/ ) [444] => Array ( [objectID] => 19195 [title] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice, Part One – A Public Ready to Accept Abolition [timestamp] => 1655251200 [date] => 15/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-kenya-a-punishment-that-has-died-out-in-practice-part-one-a-public-ready-to-accept-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, The Death Penalty Project and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, in partnership with the Australian National University commissioned Prof. Carolyn Hoyle, Director of The Death Penalty Research Unit, at the University of Oxford, to undertake research in order to provide accurate data on attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya and facilitate a constructive conversation on the future of capital punishment. The research examined the views of both the general public in Kenya and also opinion formers, those considered influential in shaping, and responding to, national views.Key findings: - 40% in favour of abolishing the death penalty, 10% did not know either way - 51% in favour of retaining the death penalty, only 32% strongly in favour - Those against the death penalty believed that criminals deserved the opportunity for rehabilitation. - Knowledge of the death penalty appears to be limited, just 66% were aware Kenya retains the death penalty and just 21% knew no executions had take place in the past 10 years - The public expressed concerns around the possibility that innocent people could be sentenced to death: 61% of the public – including retentionists – thought that ‘many’ or ‘some’ innocent people have been sentenced to death in Kenya; only 8% thought that ‘no innocent people have been sentenced to death’ - Public support fell from 51% to 31% when considering abolition in the region 59% of the public, who were initially in favour of retention, said that they would accept a new policy of abolition [texte] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice Part One: A Public Ready to Accept AbolitionCarolyn Hoylewith the assistance of Diana Batchelor© 2022 Th e authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:Th e Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.organdKenya National Commission on Human Rights P.O. Box 74359-002001st Floor, CVS Plaza, Lenana Road NairobiKenya ISBN Number: 978-1-9996417-7-1We wish to acknowledge the support of, and partnership with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and the Australian National University (ANU). In particular, we would like to thank Dr Bernard Mogesa, CEO, and Samson Omondi, Senior Human Rights Offi cer, who did so much to ensure the project activities could be completed and who provided helpful input throughout. Th ank you also to Raphael Mulwa and the team at Infotrack Research and Consulting, for conducting the fi eldwork based on the research instrument designed by Dr Mai Sato. We are also very grateful to Professor Carolyn Hoyle, Director of the Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford, who we commissioned to write the report, and to Dr Diana Batchelor, who analysed the data and supported the author, and provided valuable assistance.Th is study was made possible by funds awarded to Th e Death Penalty Project from the European Union and the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce. Th e contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Th e Death Penalty and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the European Union or the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce.ContentsEDITOR’S PREFACE..................................................................................................... 6FOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 8KEY FINDINGS............................................................................................................ 10PART ONE: The purpose of the study .............................................................................. 131.1 The context........................................................................................................................ 141.2 Research design and methods ........................................................................................... 161.2.1 Survey design .................................................................................................................... 161.2.2 Data collection .................................................................................................................. 171.2.3 Sample............................................................................................................................... 171.2.4 Generalisability and inferences.......................................................................................... 18PART TWO: The findings ............................................................................................... 212.1 Death penalty support....................................................................................................... 222.1.1 A majority against executions............................................................................................ 232.2 Knowledge about the death penalty in Kenya ................................................................... 232.2.1 Personal connection and concern about the death penalty ................................................ 242.2.2 Level of knowledge about the death penalty ..................................................................... 242.2.3 The relationship between concern and knowledge and support for abolition .................... 252.3 Reasons for supporting abolition or retention ................................................................... 262.4 Views on crime and the scope of the death penalty........................................................... 282.4.1 Views on crime and justice................................................................................................ 282.4.2 Views on serious crimes and vulnerable offenders............................................................. 322.5 Malleability of opinions..................................................................................................... 352.5.1 Trust in the government and fairness................................................................................ 352.5.2 Support for capital punishment in practice ....................................................................... 362.5.3 Factors that shift opinions................................................................................................. 382.6 Potential reactions to abolition.......................................................................................... 39PART THREE: Conclusion ............................................................................................ 43APPENDIX A: Predicting support for abolition (binary logistic regression analysis) .......... 47APPENDIX B: Survey instrument................................................................................... 51ABOUT THE AUTHOR............................................................................................... 69Author’s acknowledgements The Death Penalty Project commissioned the University of Oxford to produce this report as part of a wider programme of research on the death penalty in Kenya. It has been done in association with its partner organisation: the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. Its support and expertise have been invaluable, from the conception of this work through the design of the study, and in the preparation of this report. The research instrument was designed by Dr Mai Sato, of the Australian National University, and the data collected with the assistance of Infotrak Research and Consulting. I then analysed the data based on that survey, with valuable assistance from Dr Diana Batchelor.In writing the report, I benefited, in particular, from the knowledge of death penalty laws and practices, and wider jurisdictional information, provided by Samson Omondi, of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, and expertise provided by The Death Penalty Project. This survey builds on, and contributes to, a series of similar projects commissioned by The Death Penalty Project and conducted in Trinidad & Tobago, Malaysia, Zimbabwe and, most recently, Indonesia. In particular, the work and expertise by the late Professor Roger Hood has paved the way for a more nuanced and sophisticated method of collecting data on the public’s views on this sensitive topic, an approach that can tell us much more than the typical government surveys. Thanks are due to Parvais Jabbar and Saul Lehrfreund, Co-Executive Directors of The Death Penalty Project, for their continued commitment to excellence in research, and for recognising the value of collaborations with NGOs and legal charities, and civil society more widely, and with academics in those countries in which they work. Parvais Jabbar guided the progress of the project, with dedicated support from his team. Carolyn Hoyle Oxford, March 2022 7Editor’s preface As the majority of the world’s countries continue steadfast on a path towards the abolition of the death penalty, there remains a significant cohort that retain capital punishment, yet are classified by the United Nations as de facto abolitionists; having not carried out an execution for more than 10 years. Kenya sits among them and, far exceeding the 10-year minimum, has not carried out an execution since 1987.In addition to its three decades without an execution, further positive steps to restrict the application of the death penalty have been taken; in 2017, Kenya’s Supreme Court declared the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional [Muruatetu & Mwangi v Republic, 2017] and several leaders have used mass commutations – including 4,000 in 2009 under President Mwai Kibaki, and 2,747 prisoners in 2016, under incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta – to sporadically clear the country’s death rows, after acknowledging the psychological trauma and anguish experienced by those who have served long periods under sentence of death.Many of Kenya’s progressive politicians have affirmed their commitment to human rights and voiced a desire to see the death penalty abolished, yet persistently cite public support as justification for its preservation – upholding the belief that abolition can only be attained through public consensus. To date, the evidence guiding such penal policy has been binary, using simple ‘for or against’ polling that maintains the status quo and a belief that most citizens strongly support the retention of capital punishment.For more than 15 years, The Death Penalty Project has commissioned, published, and supported independent academic research on attitudes towards the death penalty around the world, examining how support for – or opposition to – the death penalty changes in light of new information and realistic case scenarios, as well as examining what advantages people presume the death penalty to have over other non-irrevocable and more proportionate punishments. Rigorous empirical studies, such as the one carried out by Professor Carolyn Hoyle in Kenya, provide critical insight and analysis that reflects the complexity of public opinion, and challenges misconceptions around perceived resistance to abolition.The study, the first of its kind in Kenya, found that 51% – a tiny majority – support the retention of the death penalty, with only 32% strongly in favour. This is a lower percentag [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/kenya-part-one-a-public-ready-to-accept-abolition/ ) [445] => Array ( [objectID] => 19171 [title] => Death Penalty in Iran: Sharp Increase in Executions [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/report-death-penalty-iran-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => An alarming situation On 28 April 2022, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) released their 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, revealing an increase in the number of executions in 2021. At least 333 people were executed and 83,5% of these executions were not announced by […] [texte] => An alarming situation On 28 April 2022, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) released their 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, revealing an increase in the number of executions in 2021. At least 333 people were executed and 83,5% of these executions were not announced by the authorities. The number of executions in 2021 is significantly higher than the numbers recorded in 2020 (267 people executed), 2019 and 2018.The launch of the report raises awareness on Iran’s worrying situation and comes at a time during which, after the election of President Ebrahim Raissi in June 2021, Iran has continued and increased its use of the death penalty as a tool of repression against many opponents.Increased use of the death penalty for drug offenses, for women and for minorities (Baluch people)At least 126 people were executed for drug-related offences in 2021 which is an alarming rise in the implementation of death sentences for drug offences that has increased fivefold in comparison to the previous three years. Even though none of the executions were reported by official sources, IHR sources confirmed each one.As per the report, at least two juvenile offenders were executed, and the number of executions of people from ethnic minorities continued to rise in 2021, 70 people from the Baluchi minority were executed, which is 21% of the total number of executions in 2021. Today, Iran has the highest number of executions after China, and is one of the world’s top executioners of women. The report shows that at least 17 women were executed in 2021, that number nearly doubled compared to last year, however only two of those executions were reported by official sources. On World Day Against the Death Penalty, IHR published a 12-year analysis of “Women and the Death Penalty in Iran”, which provides further information and background on this issue. Positive key facts to keep in mindFor thefirst time in over 15 years, no public executions were reported and at least 705 people sentenced to death on murder charges have been pardoned by the families of murder victims under "qisas" laws. It is also important to note that public support for the death penalty has declined significantly in Iran according to Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, director of IHR. The launch of the report as an opportunity to raise awareness It remains important to call on the international community to put pressure on the Iranian government. Commenting on the report ECPM Director, Raphael Chenuil-Hazan said: In a recent Resolution, the European Parliament urged the EU to raise human rights violations in its bilateral relations with Iran. Any negotiations between the West and Iran must include the death penalty on top of its agenda. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [446] => Array ( [objectID] => 19124 [title] => 2021 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2021-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. In 2021, the World Day explored the theme “Women sentenced to death, an invisible reality” to raise awareness on how the treatment of gender and gender-based inequalities create particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment. This report presents the activities organised for the 19th World Day and the media coverage it received. [texte] => 12021 REPORT2021 WORLD DAY REPORT2Why have a World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women who are facing the death penalty, who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed, as well as those who have been pardoned or found innocent?The aim of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (‘World Coalition’) is to reinforce the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to achieve universal abolition of the death penalty. In countries where the death penalty is still applied, the World Coalition is working to reduce its use, specifically by invoking the respect for international standards. Since the creation of the World Coalition in 2002, significant progress towards the universal abolition of the death penalty has been achieved. Numerous states that had maintained the death penalty have abolished it in practice or have restricted its use.On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. In 2021, the World Day explored the theme “Women and the death penalty, an invisible reality” to:1) Draw attention to the gender-based discrimination and intersectional discrimination that confront women facing the death penalty during in the lead-up to the offense, investigation, trial, sentencing and appeal phases. Extensive discrimination based on sex and gender, often coupled with other elements of identity, such as age, sexual orientation, disability, and race expose women to intersecting forms of structural inequalities. Such prejudices can weigh heavily on sentencing, including when women are stereotyped as an evil mother, a witch, or a femme fatale. This discrimination can also lead to critical mitigating factors not being considered during arrest and trial, such as being subjected to gender-based violence and abuse; 2) Highlight the gaps in the information available on the number and status of women who have been sentenced to death, executed, had their death sentences commuted or pardoned; 3) Recall that women on death row face unique challenges due to their specific needs, such as lack of gender-sensitive medical care and hygiene products, and threats of genderbased violence. This 19th World Day on Women and the death penalty is the opportunity to show how gender creates particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment.3Table of ContentsI. The impact of COVID-19 on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty ...................................... 41. Remote Events Statistics versus In-person Events.......................................................................... 42. Examples of Significantly Modified Events due to the COVID-19 pandemic................................... 4II. Main objective: Raising Awareness of the Discrimination Against Women and the Consequences that this Discrimination can have on the Pronouncement of the Death Penalty ................................... 51. Institutional Resonance of the 2021 World Day ............................................................................. 52. Awareness-Raising Work Undertaken by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ............ 63. Media Coverage of the 2021 WD .................................................................................................... 64. Social Media Coverage of the 2021 World Day............................................................................... 9III. Supporting Advocacy in Favor of Abolition by Creating and Sharing Mobilization Tools.................. 91. Creating and Sharing Tools for the World Day................................................................................ 92. Tool Distribution for World Day .................................................................................................... 103. Campaign on WhatsApp................................................................................................................ 11IV. Encouraging the Organization of Local Initiatives and Strengthening Abolitionist Society............. 111. Breakdown of World Day Events in a Range of Countries and Regions........................................ 112. Worldwide Mobilization to Raise Awareness on the Death Penalty ............................................ 12Americas........................................................................................................................................ 13Asia ................................................................................................................................................ 13Europe ........................................................................................................................................... 14Middle East and North Africa ........................................................................................................ 14Sub-Saharan Africa ........................................................................................................................ 15V. Working with Human Rights Organizations, Feminist Groups, etc that Support Abolition of the Death Penalty as a Means for Equality for All....................................................................................... 15VI. Annexes............................................................................................................................................ 161. About the World Coalition ............................................................................................................ 162. Link to list of all members ............................................................................................................. 164I. The impact of COVID-19 on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty1. Remote Events Statistics versus In-person EventsIn 2021, despite the serious challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, various events commemorating World Day Against the Death Penalty were held around the globe. World Day 2021 recorded a total of 741 events, a significant increase compared to the 574 events listed for World Day 2020. The increased participation demonstrates that organizations and institutions have adjusted to the present pandemic and have continued to raise-awareness for World Day.On the 19th World Day, there were morein-person events than the previous year, as shown in graph number 2. While the number of in-person events has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, there is an indication that organizations are cautiously resuming in-person activities while still adhering to COVID-19 public health and security rules, which shows an overall improvement. 2. Examples of Significantly Modified Events due to the COVID-19 pandemicWhile the World Day celebrated in 2021 was not as limited as the World Day celebrated in 2020, there were still some restrictions in place. Certain organizations adapted to the challenge, but significantly less than those reported in 2020.The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) affirmed that their actions were somewhat impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As they highlighted in their polled response to World Day activities, “Most of the activities that were to be implemented by a group of people were limited to 1 or 2 people, accessing prisons was limited too.”The Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC (COJESKI-RDC) stated in the same pollthat “Out of respect for social distancing for the prevention against COVID-19, we were forced to limit the number of participants in [our] workshop to 35 people."Graph 1Graph 25The Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU) also admitted organizing online activities because of the COVID19 pandemic. II. Main objective: Raising Awareness of the Discrimination Against Women and the Consequences that this Discrimination can have on the Pronouncement of the Death Penalty1. Institutional Resonance of the 2021 World DayThe main objective of World Day 2021 was to raise awareness on how the treatment of gender and gender-based inequalities create particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment. Several intergovernmental and international organizations publicly expressed, in several languages, their opposition to the death penalty on World Day, contributing to an international resonance. The awareness-raising and information spreading activities conducted before World Day 2021 by the World Coalition towards institutional representatives bore result. Every year, new steps are taken towards the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. On October 8, Sierra Leone formally abolished the death penalty. During a ceremony in the capital Freetown, the President of Sierra Leone Julius Bio declared that the West African country had “exorcised horrors of a cruel past” after a long campaign to end capital punishment. On the World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) issued a statement1 on the theme of the World Day and the situation of the death penalty in States Parties to the ACHPR.Ahead of the European Day Against the Death Penalty also on 10 October, the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Marija Pejčinović Burić, and the European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, issued a joint declaration reaffirming the two organisations’ firm opposition to capital punishment in all circumstances. This statement is translated into five languages.The national government of many abolitionist countries such as Italy, Canada, Slovenia, Australia, Yemen and many more released publications expressing their commitment to the abolitionist cause on World Day 2021. For instance, the Belgian Minist [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/EN_World-Day-2021-Report_v1.0_final-with-annexes.pdf ) [447] => Array ( [objectID] => 19107 [title] => Burundi: Promising advocacy workshop for the ratification of the abolitionist treaty [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/burundi-promising-advocacy-workshop-for-the-ratification-of-the-abolitionist-treaty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/advocacy-workshop-burundi-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On April 25, 2022, the Burundian Prison Observatory (BPO) organized a one-day advocacy workshop on the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2-ICCPR) with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => On April 25, 2022, the Burundian Prison Observatory (BPO) organized a one-day advocacy workshop on the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2-ICCPR) with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (more…) "Burundi: Promising advocacy workshop for the ratification of the abolitionist treaty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [448] => Array ( [objectID] => 19090 [title] => Public opinion supportive of the abolition [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/public-opinion-and-the-road-to-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/31st-session-commission-on-crime-prevention-side-event-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 31st Session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice of the ODC took place in Vienna from the 16th to the 20th of May 2022. At this occasion, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations organized a side-event: “Abolishing the Death Penalty: Public Opinion and the Road to Abolition”, which was held online […] [texte] => The 31st Session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice of the ODC took place in Vienna from the 16th to the 20th of May 2022. At this occasion, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations organized a side-event: “Abolishing the Death Penalty: Public Opinion and the Road to Abolition”, which was held online on the 20th of May. (more…) "Public opinion supportive of the abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => Japan [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [449] => Array ( [objectID] => 19048 [title] => 71st Ordinary session of the African Commission: focus on torture and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-71st-ordinary-session-of-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ACHPR-71st-Ordinary-Session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The African Commission on Human Rights and People (ACHPR) once again met on Zoom for its 71st Ordinary session from April 21st to May 13th, 2022. The honorable Rémy Ngoy Lumbu, President of the Commission, has expressed his hopes for the next session to take place in person in Banjul this autumn. [texte] => The African Commission on Human Rights and People (ACHPR) once again met on Zoom for its 71st Ordinary session from April 21st to May 13th, 2022. The honorable Rémy Ngoy Lumbu, President of the Commission, has expressed his hopes for the next session to take place in person in Banjul this autumn. (more…) "71st Ordinary session of the African Commission: focus on torture and the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic [1] => Congo [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Kenya [4] => Malawi [5] => Mauritania [6] => Niger [7] => Nigeria [8] => Sierra Leone [9] => Tunisia [10] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [450] => Array ( [objectID] => 19070 [title] => Joint statement for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-71st-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Joint statement on the situation of the death penalty in Africa for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission, signed by the FIACAT, ECPM and the World coalition. [texte] => Joint statement on the situation of the death penalty in Africa for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission, signed by the FIACAT, ECPM and the World coalition. (more…) "Joint statement for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo [1] => Côte d'Ivoire [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Kenya [4] => Liberia [5] => Malawi [6] => Niger [7] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [451] => Array ( [objectID] => 18958 [title] => Executions on the rise, but progress toward abolition in 2021 [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-death-penalty-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amnesty-report-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 24 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall sentences and executions in 2021 Global figures Amnesty International recorded 579 executions in 18 countries in 2021, an increase of 20% from the 483 recorded in 2020. Despite these increases, the 2021 global executions figure constitutes the second-lowest figure recorded […] [texte] => On 24 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall sentences and executions in 2021Global figuresAmnesty International recorded 579 executions in 18 countries in 2021, an increase of 20% from the 483 recorded in 2020. Despite these increases, the 2021 global executions figure constitutes the second-lowest figure recorded by Amnesty International since at least 2010. For the second consecutive year, the number of countries known to have executed people was the lowest the organization has recorded. In 2019, 2020 and 2021 Amnesty International recorded 657, 483 and 579 executions respectively.Amnesty International did not record any executions in India, Qatar and Taiwan, having done so in 2020.In July, Sierra Leone’s parliament unanimously adopted an Act which abolishes the death penalty for all crimes. Kazakhstan adopted legislation in December abolishing the death penalty for all crimes, which came into effect this year. Papua New Guinea embarked on a national consultation on the death penalty, which resulted in the adoption of an abolition Bill in January 2022, still to come into force. The Government of Malaysia announced that it would table legislative reforms on the death penalty in the third quarter of 2022.At the end of 2021, more than two thirds of the world’s countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. 108 countries, a majority of the world’s states, had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes and 144 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. 55 countries still retained the death penalty.Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 19 countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, UAE, USA, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Amnesty International recorded seven exonerations of people under sentence of death in four countries: Bahrain (1), Kenya (1), USA (2) and Zambia (3).Gambia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Russian Federation and Tajikistan continued to observe official moratoriums on executions.Read the full report. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [452] => Array ( [objectID] => 18985 [title] => World Day Poster 2022 [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-poster-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 20th World Day on "Torture and the death penalty". [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 202220TH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgDEATH PENALTY:A ROAD PAVEDWITH TORTURE [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/EN_WDPoster2022-BD-website.pdf ) [453] => Array ( [objectID] => 18961 [title] => Mobilization Kit World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 20th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal. This year's World Day is dedicated to people who, during the process of being sentenced to death, or following the sentence of their death, have been victims of torture. [texte] => For the 20th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal.The World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October) is aimed at political leaders and public opinion in both retentionist and abolitionist countries. The meaning of abolition and of justice without capital punishment needs to be maintained and shared, particularly for future generations. This day also unifies the abolitionist movement and gives global support to the sometimes-isolated action taken by its abolitionists on the ground. It encourages and consolidates the political and general awareness of the movement against the death penalty.This year's World Day is dedicated to people who, during the process of being sentenced to death, or following the sentence of their death, have been victims of torture.Mobilization Kit20th World Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2022Torture and the Death Penalty For more information, go to: www.worldcoalition.org2TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... 2[1] PRESENTATION ................................................................................ 4The main objectives of the World Day 2022 ................................................... 4[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ............................... 4................................................................................................................ 4[3] ORGANIZE EVENTS ! ........................................................................ 610 things you can do to end the death penalty ............................................. 610 practical worksheets to help you! ............................................................... 7(1) HOW TO ORGANIZE A DEMONSTRATION? .................................................. 7(2) ORGANIZE A GATHERING ON A VIDEOCONFERENCE PLATFORM . 7(3) COLLABORATE WITH MINORITY GROUP’S RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................................................... 8(4) HOW TO ORGANIZE A FILM FESTIVAL ON THE DEATH PENALTY? 8(5) HOW TO ORGANIZE A [VIRTUAL] ART EXHIBITION? ............................. 9(6) HOW TO PROMOTE THE WORLD DAY ON SOCIAL MEDIA? ................. 9(7) HOW TO WRITE A PRESS RELEASE? ............................................................. 10(8) HOW TO GUARANTEE GOOD MEDIA COVERAGE FOR YOUR EVENTS? ................................................................................................................................... 11(9) HOW TO LEAD AN AWARENESS CAMPAIGN VIA TV/RADIO SHOW11(10) HOW TO GET IN CONTACT WITH OR VISIT AN INMATE ON DEATH ROW............................................................................................................................................. 1210 Tips for a successful event! ......................................................................12[4] WORLD DAY TOOLS YOU CAN USE ............................................... 13[5] ADDITIONAL MATERIALS .............................................................. 13Website on the death penalty ............................................................................13Selection ...................................................................................................................14Non-fiction .................................................................................................................................... 14Fictions ......................................................................................................................................... 14Videos ........................................................................................................................................... 15Art exhibitions and Artworks...................................................................................................... 153[6] JOIN US ! ........................................................................................ 16The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ...........................................16Join the movement for the universal of the abolition of the death penalty! .....................................................................................................................16[7] CONTACT US ! ................................................................................ 16Secretariat of the World Coalition: ................................................................................16For further information: .................................................................................................164[1] PRESENTATIONThe main objectives of the World Day 2022While several methods of execution have been qualified by their nature as torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment by the Human Rights Council in its General Comment No. 36, the link between torture and the death penalty is not limited to the execution itself. There are other aspects of the death penalty that may amount to torture, and they occur at any time in the proceedings: before, during and after the sentence. These types of tortures are various, and they are not always limited to the condemned persons themselves: Whether physical, sexual, or psychological, torture can be used to obtain confessions that are then used to charge individuals and sentence them to death. Death row syndrome regularly includes physical and/or psychological torture, in addition to the often precarious conditions of detention of death row inmates. Isolation, overcrowding, and risk of suicide are common on death row. The anticipation of execution and death is also a form of psychological torture. Family members of victims, family members of those sentenced to death, and other persons who have relationships with those who are sentenced to death are also subjected to a form of psychological torture.The main objective of the 2022 World Day is to raise public awareness around how the death penalty can amount to torture and build consensus that the definition of torture should be understood to include practices in connection with the death penalty. From a broader perspective, it aims to convince that the death penalty should be abolished as an unjust and arbitrary response to crime.To do so, the World Coalition and its member organizations have identified specific objectives. This World Day is about supporting abolitionist activities by sharing arguments, figures, and information, sharing testimonies of survivors, executed persons and witnesses of inhuman, cruel and degrading experiences amounting to torture in the context of capital punishment. It also wants to support working with human rights organizations fighting for the abolition of torture to develop the abolitionist community.[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYNo State should have the power to take a person’s lifeIt is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed.It is unfair. The death penalty is applied discriminatorily and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological and physical suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.It denies any possibility of rehabilitation.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)5It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life and that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. On seven occasions, the United Nations General Assembly has called for the establishment of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (resolutions No. 62/149 in 2007, No. 63/168 in 2008, No. 65/206 in 2010, 67/176 in 2012, No. 69/186 in 2014, No. 71/187 in 2016 and No. 73/175 in 2018 and No. 75/183 in 2020).It creates unjustifiable pain for everyone in contact with it: particularly the relatives of the person sentenced to death, including children, with harsh transgenerational consequences.It is counterproductive, because by instituting the killing of a human being as a criminal solution, the death penalty endorses the idea of murder more than it fights it.It is inefficient and does not keep society safer. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than life imprisonment.Not all murder victims’ families want the death penalty. A large and growing number of crime victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking out against it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does not heal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and religious beliefs..(7)(8)(9)(10)(6)6[3] ORGANIZE EVENTS !Below are suggestions to spark ideas for taking action during this World Day!Wherever you are – in Africa, in the Americas, in Asia, in Oceania or in Europe –Whoever you are – artists, citizens, elected representatives, journalists, lawyers, members of Parliament, NGOs, teachers, religious leaders-Whatever your project is – concerts, cultural and educational activities, debates, demonstrations, press conferences!10 things you can do to end the death penaltyAny public event should be approached with caution considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic - pl [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/WD2022Kit-de-mobilisation_EN_v1.pdf ) [454] => Array ( [objectID] => 18804 [title] => Amnesty International Global Report : Death Sentences and Executions 2021 [timestamp] => 1653436800 [date] => 25/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2021 saw a worrying rise in executions and death sentences as some of the world’s most prolific executioners returned to business as usual and courts were unshackled from Covid-19 restrictions, Amnesty International said today in its annual review of the death penalty. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORT Index: ACT 50/5418/2022Original language: English© Amnesty International 2022Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2022 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.org Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better. 3 DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2021 4AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2021 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7EXECUTIONS 9METHODS OF EXECUTIONS IN 2021 11DEATH SENTENCES 12COMMUTATIONS, PARDONS AND EXONERATIONS 14USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 14REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 16AMERICAS 16ASIA-PACIFIC 26EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 38MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 40SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 51ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2021 60RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2021 60RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2021 61ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2021 62ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2021 64DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021 AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL4003503002502001501005001,000s314+83+6524+ 21+ 17+ 14+ 11 9+ 5 3 3 1+ 1+ + + +EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2021 This map indicates the general locations of boundaries and jurisdictions and should not be interpreted as Amnesty International’s view on disputed territories. + indicates that the figure that Amnesty International has calculated is a minimum. Where + is not preceded by a number, this means that Amnesty International is confident that there was more than one execution, but it was impossible to establish a figure.5. SOMALIARecorded executions almost doubled compared to 2020.7. YEMENAll recorded executions were by the Huthi de facto authorities, and the number of people executed almost tripled.9. SOUTH SUDANRecorded executions rose more than fourfold compared to 2020.1. CHINAContinued to execute and sentence to death thousands of people but kept figures secret.2. IRANHighest number of recorded executions since 2017 largely due to an increase linked to drug-related offences.4. SAUDI ARABIARecorded executions more than doubled compared to 2020.3. EGYPTRecorded executions dropped by 22%, but death penalty continued to be imposed in grossly unfair proceedings and carried out in mass executions.6. IRAQRecorded executions fell by 62% but known death sentences rose more than threefold from 2020.8. USAExecutions dropped to the lowest number on record since 1988 and federal administration established a temporary moratorium on executions.10. NORTH KOREADeath penalty likely to be used at sustained rate, but impossible to independently verify. 11. VIET NAMSecrecy made it impossible to assess the full resort to state killings. 78% of all known death sentences imposed for drug-related offences. The 11 countries numbered on the map have persistently executed people in the past five years (2017-2021).CHINAIRAN EGYPT SAUDI ARABIA SYRIA SOMALIA IRAQYEMENUSASOUTH SUDAN BANGLADESH BOTSWANA JAPAN BELARUSUAENORTH KOREA OMAN VIET NAM6 DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021Amnesty InternationalAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2021. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; court judgements; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; media reports; and, for a limited number of countries, as specified, other civil society organizations. Where official information is not already public, Amnesty International writes to the relevant authorities to request information about the extent of their use of the death penalty. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2021 little or no information was available on a few other countries – in particular Belarus, Laos and North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – due to restrictive state practice. Therefore, for many countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of the death penalty are minimum figures. The true overall figures are often likely to be higher. Where the organization obtains official information from the authorities on a specific country in a given year, this is noted in the report. In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of the death penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authorities misrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear that the figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality because of the restrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty; however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed and sentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publish information on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of this report, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example, Malaysia (14+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 14 executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there were more than 14. Where “+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Oman (+) – it means that Amnesty International has corroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death (more than one) in that country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure. When calculating global and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition of capital punishment. 7 DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2021“The death penalty system is fundamentally flawed – it is inequitable, ineffective, and it has no place in this Commonwealth or this country. Virginia has come within days of executing innocent people, and Black defendants have been disproportionately sentenced to death. Abolishing this inhumane practice is the moral thing to do.”Former Governor of Virginia Ralph S. Northam, 24 March 20211GLOBAL TRENDSIn 2021, the resort to the death penalty by a minority of states was on the rise. Through its monitoring, Amnesty International recorded an increase in global executions by 20% on the 2020 figure (from at least 483 to at least 579), while the number of known death sentences increased by almost 40% (from at least 1,477 in 2020 to at least 2,052 in 2021). These figures do not include the thousands of executions and death sentences that the organization believed were carried out and imposed in China – which remained the world’s lead executioner. Secrecy in North Korea and Viet Nam, as well as restricted access to information in several other countries, also continued to impair a full assessment of global trends. The increase in executions was primarily driven by rises in the yearly figure for Iran (from at least 246 in 2020 to at least 314 in 2021, a 28% increase), which was the highest figure on record since 2017. The spike in Iran appeared particularly for executions of people convicted of drug-related offences (132), which represented 42% of the total and constituted a more than five-fold rise from 2020 (23), despite amendments to the anti-narcotics law that came into effect in November 2017. Saudi Arabia also more than doubled its recorded 2020 total (from 27 to 65). As restrictions put in place in response to the Covid-19 pandemic were fully or partially lifted and alternative processes were established, a significantly higher number of death sentences than in 2020 was recorded in several countries, including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Singapore reported no executions for the second consecutive year, as litigation and, to some extent, restrictions put in place in the response to the pandemic resulted in the scheduled hanging being stayed.1 Former Virginia Governor Ralph S. Northam, “Governor Northam signs law repealing death penalty in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ACT5054182022ENGLISH.pdf ) [455] => Array ( [objectID] => 18776 [title] => A Deadly Distraction, Why the Death Penalty is not the Answer to Rape in South Asia [timestamp] => 1653436800 [date] => 25/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-deadly-distraction-why-the-death-penalty-is-not-the-answer-to-rape-in-south-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 2010, persons convicted of rape offences were executed in at least 9 countries, including India and Pakistan. Moreover, public protests against the rape epidemic, which led governments to introduce capital rape laws, illustrates the need to shine a spotlight in South Asia.The report examines the use of the death penalty for rape in four South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and explores ways that anti-death penalty activists can challenge this concerning trend. [texte] => 121A deadly distraction: why the death penalty is not the answer to rape in South Asia Anti-Death Penalty Asia NetworkADP Publication Sdn. Bhd. (1097496-A)C-5-22 Centum @ Oasis Corporate ParkNo: 2, Jalan PJU 1a/2, Oasis Damansara 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: +0378318870Email: adpan@adpan.orgWebsite: www.adpan.orgFacebook: facebook.com/ADPANetworkTwitter: twitter.com/ADPANetworkInstagram: ADPAN NetworkEleos JusticeFaculty of Law, Monash University, Building 12, 15 Ancora Imparo Way Clayton, Victoria, 3800 AustraliaTelephone: +61 3 9902 6000Website: https://www.monash.edu/law/research/eleosTwitter: @EleosJustice Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in this report are not necessarily those held byMonash University.Sara Kowal, Scott Walker, Zaman Ashraf and Mai Sato. © AuthorsPublished by ADPAN 2022Printed in MalaysiaRevision 1.0Except where otherwise noted, content on this report is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of the license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 2AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the civil society organisations and their extended network of professionals, academics, and activists whom we interviewed for this report. The support and assistance we received from these individuals have been invaluable. We thank Christopher Alexander, Lea Domingo-Cabarrubias, Valerie Khan, Saira Rahman Khan, Jugnoo Kazmi, Ambika Satkunanathan, Jennifer Paneth, Dobby Chew, Sarah Belal and Giada Girelli, for their assistance with the preparation of this report including their detailed feedback. We received assistance from Eleos Justice volunteers: Charlene Fernando, Zack McGuinness, Ruby Mher, Charlotte Pressley, Stefani Sharp, and Demika Tantra.We received funding from Open Society Foundations through the South Asia Middle East Network, coordinated by Harm Reduction International and from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Design & Formatting Credits: 3Table of ContentstentsFOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................................4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................7INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................10METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................12SECTION I: COUNTRY PROFILES ....................................................................................................................14BANGLADESH................................................................................................................................................15INDIA ...........................................................................................................................................................16PAKISTAN .....................................................................................................................................................18SRI LANKA ....................................................................................................................................................19SECTION II: PENAL POPULISM: UNPACKING THE POLICY RESPONSE TO RAPE ........................................23THE ROLE OF MEDIA.......................................................................................................................................23REACTIVE POLICY MAKING AND SIDELINED EXPERTS...........................................................................................24LACK OF EVIDENCE.........................................................................................................................................27SECTION III: INTEGRITY OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.......................................................................29RELUCTANCE TO REPORT: SOCIETAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS, SEX AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE .29POLICE HANDLING OF RAPE CASES...................................................................................................................33FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICES..........................................................................................................................35TRIAL PROCESSES ..........................................................................................................................................38CONVICTION RATES .......................................................................................................................................43SECTION IV: EXISTING EFFORTS TO COUNTER PRO-DEATH PENALTY NARRATIVES .................................46CAMPAIGNING FOR LAW REFORM ....................................................................................................................46SENSITIVITY TRAINING AND SPECIALISED FORA ..................................................................................................49PUBLIC CAMPAIGNS .......................................................................................................................................53EDUCATION PROGRAMS .................................................................................................................................54THE DIFFICULTY IN CHALLENGING THE DEATH PENALTY FOR RAPE .......................................................................56RECOMMENDATIONS: A VICTIM-CENTRED APPROACH TO OPPOSING THE DEATH PENALTY FOR RAPE..........................................................................................................................................................................59WHY THE DEATH PENALTY IS NOT THE ANSWER TO RAPE....................................................................................59A VICTIM-CENTRED APPROACH TO OPPOSING THE DEATH PENALTY .....................................................................61APPENDIX: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES................................................................................................................66BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................................674ForewordThe Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network and Eleos Justice have attempted to answer a fundamental question: why is the death penalty not the solution to rape in South Asia? The answer is obvious to experts in the field but the relevant governments' introduction of capital laws for rape suggests this is not the case. The report argues that capital laws for rape constitute a deadly distraction: the governments are purporting to represent public demands for justice by introducing the death penalty for rape, while at the same time excluding experts who view such legislative response as avoiding other difficult issues that need to be tackled to end rape. As a child protection and gender justice practitioner who helped build the capacities of hundreds of justice actors to counter rape, explaining why the death penalty is not the solution to rape—or any other forms of sexual violence—has always been a challenge, largely because of the lack of local evidence-based research on this topic. I was therefore not only interested but grateful to see that finally, a substantial effort to generate a rational, evidencebased, local narrative was taking shape. To understand the importance of such an initiative, it is important to recall where we are coming from.Climate change, fast digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, the global security crisis and growing socio-economic inequalities have significantly impacted the world. South Asia has not been immune to those negative effects. In fact, they have exacerbated developmental challenges in the region and often further fed power imbalances and unhealthy coping strategies. In the rest of the world, cases of gender-based violence have exponentially increased and disproportionately affected women and children: this phenomenon was rightly described by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Gutierrez, as the 'shadow pandemic'. Additionally, UNICEF raised an alarm on 'the worst crisis for children UNICEF has seen in its 75-year history'. In South Asia, sexual violence, and particularly rape, has been prevalent. As pointed out in this report, in recent years, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have seen an increasing number of reported rape cases, some of those making the headlines at a national, regional, or even international level. Public outcry against sexual violence led to public demand for action by the state to better protect its citizens—especially women and children who are disproportionately affected by rape. Governments have responded by introducing the death penalty and other harsh punishments for convicted rapists, so that 'deterrent effect' would be ensured, and 'justice' served. However, one cannot help but wonder what the public and victims mean by justice. Is it retributive justice? Is the death penalty justice when it is awarded via a process often marred by blatant dysfunctions? Is the death penalty justice when death row is characterized by undignified treatment? Is the death penalty justice when the perpetrator suffers from serious mental illness? The report also underlines a fundamental dilemma: even though the legal 5frameworks of four South Asian countries prescribe the death penalty as a punishment for rape, there is no evidence whatsoever of its effectiveness in reducing rape in the region. The report quotes some interviewees expressing a serious concern: might the threat of the death penalty fuel the rule of silence by triggering lethal violence against rape victims? Hence, we are bound to ask ourselves: has our res [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh [1] => India [2] => Pakistan [3] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty [1] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://adpan.org/adpan-reports/ ) [456] => Array ( [objectID] => 18736 [title] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty celebrates its 20th anniversary! [timestamp] => 1652400000 [date] => 13/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-20th-anniversary/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/coal-20-years-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => For this occasion, we wanted to give the floor to our founding member organizations. 20 years of memories, meetings, activism and fight with the hope to see one day a world without death penalty. Discover those testimonials in our newsletter. [texte] => For this occasion, we wanted to give the floor to our founding member organizations. 20 years of memories, meetings, activism and fight with the hope to see one day a world without death penalty.Discover those testimonials in our newsletter. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [457] => Array ( [objectID] => 18679 [title] => Over 8,000 people on death row in South Asia [timestamp] => 1651536000 [date] => 03/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/south-asia-death-penalty-mental-health/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/deathworthy-and-trapped-inside-reports-500x250.jpg [extrait] => With few executions but one of the biggest death rows in the world, South Asia is at a crossroad. Recent publications explore mental health on death row and social and economic background of people sentenced to death in Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. [texte] => With few executions but one of the biggest death rows in the world, South Asia is at a crossroad. Recent publications explore mental health on death row and social and economic background of people sentenced to death in Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (more…) "Over 8,000 people on death row in South Asia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh [1] => India [2] => Maldives [3] => Pakistan [4] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [458] => Array ( [objectID] => 18658 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 49th session [timestamp] => 1651536000 [date] => 03/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-un-human-rights-concil-49th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 49th session of the UN Human Rights Council took place from 28 February to 1 April 2022. If you missed it, here’s what happened in relation to the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The 49th session of the UN Human Rights Council took place from 28 February to 1 April 2022. If you missed it, here’s what happened in relation to the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 49th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [459] => Array ( [objectID] => 18728 [title] => European Protocol for full abolition turns 20 [timestamp] => 1651536000 [date] => 03/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/european-protocol-for-full-abolition-turns-20/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Today is the 20th anniversary of the adoption of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. [texte] => Today is the 20th anniversary of the adoption of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. (more…) "European Protocol for full abolition turns 20" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia [1] => Azerbaijan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [460] => Array ( [objectID] => 18637 [title] => Liberian Civil Society Organize to Push for Abolition [timestamp] => 1651190400 [date] => 29/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/2022-liberian-civil-society-push-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/forum-liberia-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 12 April 2022, Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) orchestrated a one-day forum on abolition in Liberia with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. The outcomes of this event were very promising, and time will tell if abolition in Liberia is near. [texte] => On 12 April 2022, Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) orchestrated a one-day forum on abolition in Liberia with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. The outcomes of this event were very promising, and time will tell if abolition in Liberia is near. (more…) "Liberian Civil Society Organize to Push for Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [461] => Array ( [objectID] => 18634 [title] => Annual Report on The Death Penalty In Iran 2021 [timestamp] => 1651104000 [date] => 28/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 120-page report assesses and analyses trends in death penalty practices in order to propose recommendations, tailored to the national context, and to engage in a constructive dialogue on capital punishment in the country.The death penalty situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran remains alarming with a significant increase in executions in 2021 (+25%) and an increasing number of Iranian women being executed. The number of executions has doubled after the election of Ebrahim Raeisi as President, and as the Islamic Republic and Western governments negotiate to revive the nuclear deal, also called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). These are some of the main findings of the 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM) released today. [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and ECPM have been working together since 2011 for the international release and circulation of the Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran. IHRNGO and ECPM see the death penalty as a benchmark for the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Raphaël Chenuil-HazanExecutive DirectorECPM62 bis avenue Parmentier75011 Paris, Francerchenuil@ecpm.orgwww.ecpm.orgMahmood Amiry-MoghaddamDirectorIran Human RightsP.O.Box 2691 Solli0204 Oslo, Norwaymail@iranhr.netwww.iranhr.netANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2021In 2021, as the West sought to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with nuclear talks held abroad, domestically, the Islamic Republic increased its use of the death penalty. Execution numbers increased by 25% compared to 2020, and essential reforms to the Anti-Narcotics Law implemented in 2017 have reversed in practice, with a five-fold increase in drug-related executions compared to the past three years. Ethnic minorities, the Baluch in particular, were grossly overrepresented in execution numbers, and at least 2 juvenile offenders and 17 women were among those executed. Systematic torture and denial of due process, coupled with a customary lack of accountability and impunity, contribute to the continuation of this trend. With this report we call on the international community to put the situation of human rights, in particular the death penalty, on top of their agenda in any negotiations with Iran, and to establish mechanisms to hold perpetrators of gross human rights violations accountable.ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 2021ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2021© IHRNGO, ECPM, 202223 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021ANNUAL REPORTON THEDEATH PENALTYIN IRAN2021Cover and back cover photos: Some of the people executed in 2021 in chronological order.This report has been prepared by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) with the support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since 2012, IHRNGO1 and ECPM2 have been working together for the publication, international release and circulation of the annual reports on the death penalty in Iran.Editor: L. TarighiSub-editor: Paloma de la CruzLayout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM) Printing: Imprim’ad hoc © IHRNGO, ECPM, 2022 1 http://iranhr.net/en/ 2 http://www.ecpm.org/en/4 5 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021TABLE OF CONTENTS7 Foreword by Mohammad Rasoulof9 Preface 11 2021 ANNUAL REPORT at a glance12 Introduction16 Sources17 Facts and Figures23 Legislative Framework23 International treaties27 Iranian law34 Procedures34 From arrest to proof of guilt43 Executions in practice43 Charges44 Executions for moharebeh, efsad-fil-arz and baghy in 202146 Executions for rape and sexual assault47 Executions for drug-related charges53 Executions for murder charges: Qisas61 Share of the Revolutionary and Criminal Courts in 2021 executions63 Public executions63 No public executions in 2021 for the first time in over a decade65 Geographic distribution of executions68 Secret and unannounced executions71 Execution categories71 Juveniles75 Women executed in 202179 Ethnic minorities81 Foreign citizens83 Suspicious deaths and extrajudicial killings in custody87 At risk of death penalty87 Protesters at risk91 Dual nationals at risk93 Juveniles at risk96 Ways to restrict the use of the death penalty in Iran96 Sustained domestic campaigning and international pressure98 Categories of the death penalty with the possibility of improvement98 Juvenile executions98 Public executions99 Qisas101 Movements promoting abolition and mobilising civil society inside Iran102 Forgiveness movement103 Repression of abolitionist activists106 Recommendations108 ANNEXES108 ANNEX 1: Executions per capita in each province (2021)109 ANNEX 2: List of resolutions, statements and reports adopted by the United Nations and European Parliament, mentioning the death penalty in Iran111 ANNEX 3: Analysis of the UPR recommendations on the death penalty in the last three cycles112 ANNEX 4: Women and the Death Penalty in Iran: a 12-year analysis6 7 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021GLOSSARYBaghy Armed rebellion against the Islamic rulerDiya Blood moneyEfsad-fil-arz Corruption on EarthElme-qazi Knowledge of the judgeEstizan Authorisation required by the Head of Judiciary for qisas executionsFigh Islamic jurisprudenceHadd (pl. hudud) Fixed punishment for offences mandated by ShariaLavat SodomyMoharebeh Waging war against GodQadf False accusations of sodomy/fornicationQassameh Sworn oathQisas Retribution-in-kindSharia Islamic ruleTa’zir Punishment for offences at the discretion of the judgeFOREWORD BY MOHAMMAD RASOULOFPROMINENT AWARD-WINNING IRANIAN FILMMAKEROrganised and legalised killings is an apt description of the death penalty in Iran. By relying on religious-based laws, the ruling political power initially presented the death penalty as necessary, justified and ultimately, normal. A society routinely exposed to such organised violence has accepted the death penalty as a legal solution, and the death penalty has consequently become a tool of repression in the government’s hands.How can the death penalty ever be reduced to ultimate abolition if, on the one hand, it has been accepted as a legal deterrent and, on the other hand, the ruling and repressive political power will not tolerate legal reforms? No significant progress has been made in the abolition of the death penalty despite years of efforts by civil society and NGOs in Iran. NGOs who continue to fight for the abolition of the death penalty despite the means of amending the laws are being blocked and all their efforts are being repressed.Under such circumstances, raising cultural awareness is a complementary move in the campaign for the abolition of the death penalty. It can be achieved by educating and raising public awareness and by focusing on the victims of the death penalty, which include 8 9 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021not only the people being executed but also their wider circle. It is also crucial to consider and focus on the chain of people involved in operating the death penalty.Employees at the relevant agencies, as well as military forces, judicial officers, prosecutors, judges and many others who are directly or indirectly involved in the implementation of the death penalty, are not sufficiently aware of the important role they play in this system and see their role as insignificant and ineffective. They need to learn to accept personal responsibility as part of this chain. It is essential for this group to be directly or indirectly educated by abolitionists so that they may have the courage to engage in overt or covert disobedient action.Mohammad Rasoulof, IranPREFACE The 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) provides an assessment and analysis of death penalty trends in 2021 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2021, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2021 are also included in the tables.The report also looks at the abolitionist movement within Iran, including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to reducing the use of the death penalty, and provides analyses and recommendations on how the international community can contribute to limiting the scope of the death penalty in Iran. The 2021 report is the result of extensive work from IHRNGO members and supporters who took part in reporting, documenting, collecting, analysing and writing its contents. We are especially grateful to IHRNGO sources inside Iran who, by reporting on unannounced and secret executions in the prisons of 26 different provinces, incur a significant risk. Due to the very difficult context, the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations that human rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this report does not by any means give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran. There are reported executions which are not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details or an inability to confirm cases through two different sources. Nevertheless, the report aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possible in the present circumstances.3 The current report does not include suspicious deaths of prisoners or those killed under torture.ECPM supported the elaboration, editing process, publishing and distribution of this report in the framework of its international advocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency on the data and information about the death penalty in Iran should be overcome by a strong distribution and dissemination strategy. The overall objectives of this report for 3 See “Sources” section below.10 11 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021IHRNGO and ECPM are to shed light on and publish the facts in order to change national and international views on the situation of the death penalty in Iran, the world’s top executioner.44 Per capita.2021ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE• At least 333 people were executed in 2021, a 25% increase compared to 267 in 2020. • 55 executions (16.5%) were announced by official sources, compared to an average of 33% in 2018–2020.• 83.5% of all executions included in the 2021 report (278 executions in total) were not announced by the authorities.• At least 183 executions (55% of all executions) were for murder charges.• At least 126 executions (38%) were for drug-related charges, compared to 25 (10%) in 2020.• None of the drug-related executions were reported by official sources.• For the first time in more than 15 years, no public executions were reported.• At least 2 juvenile offenders were among those executed.• At least 17 women were executed, compa [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/en/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-sharp-rise-in-executions-in-2021/ ) [462] => Array ( [objectID] => 20642 [title] => Does one year of “double zero” mean the death penalty has been repealed? How close is Taiwan to abolishing capital punishment? [timestamp] => 1651104000 [date] => 28/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-close-is-taiwan-to-abolishing-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/abolition-taiwan-500x250.jpg [extrait] => After the end of the last workday of 2021, it became clear that no one would be sentenced to death or executed that year – the first time ever that Taiwan has experienced “double-zero.” [texte] => After the end of the last workday of 2021, it became clear that no one would be sentenced to death or executed that year - the first time ever that Taiwan has experienced “double-zero.” (more…) "Does one year of “double zero” mean the death penalty has been repealed? How close is Taiwan to abolishing capital punishment?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [463] => Array ( [objectID] => 21346 [title] => Compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the death penalty and extrajudicial execution [timestamp] => 1650758400 [date] => 24/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compendium-of-case-law-of-the-european-court-of-human-rights-on-the-death-penalty-and-extrajudicial-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The compendium’s aim is to assist national judges, prosecutors and lawyers from the 46 member states of the Council of Europe to deal with extradition or deportation cases when there is a risk of the death penalty being imposed in third countries or of extrajudicial execution. It also aims at enabling legal professionals from countries where the death penalty still exists to develop arguments based upon the reasoning of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It contains relevant extracts from the Court’s case law, structured in a user-friendly way. [texte] => Introduction by Robert Spano,President of the European Courtof Human RightsCOMPENDIUM OF CASE LAWOF THE EUROPEAN COURTOF HUMAN RIGHTSON THE DEATH PENALTYAND EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTIONJeremy McBrideCOMPENDIUM OF CASE LAWOF THE EUROPEAN COURTOF HUMAN RIGHTSON THE DEATH PENALTYAND EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTIONCouncil of EuropeThe opinions expressed in this work arethe responsibility of the author and do notnecessarily reflect the official policy of theCouncil of Europe.The reproduction of extracts (up to500 words) is authorised, except forcommercial purposes, as long as theintegrity of the text is preserved, theexcerpt is not used out of context, does notprovide incomplete information or doesnot otherwise mislead the reader as to thenature, scope or content of the text. Thesource text must always be acknowledgedas follows: “© Council of Europe, 2022”.All other requests concerning thereproduction/translation of all or part ofthe document should be addressed to theDirectorate of Communications, Councilof Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex orpublishing@coe.int).Directorate General HumanRights and Rule of LawF-67075 Strasbourg CedexFranceCover: Documents and PublicationsProduction Department (SPDP),Council of EuropeLayout: Jouve, ParisCover photo: Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe PublishingF-67075 Strasbourg Cedexhttp://book.coe.intISBN 978-92-871-9085-7© Council of Europe, April 2022Printed at the Council of Europe ► Page 3ContentsFOREWORD 5CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 7CHAPTER 2. PROVISIONS OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 11CHAPTER 3. IMPOSITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY 13CHAPTER 4. APPLICATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY 33CHAPTER 5. SUBSTITUTION OF THE DEATH PENALTY BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT 53CHAPTER 6. EXPULSION/EXTRADITION/REMOVAL/TRANSFER 67CHAPTER 7. EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTION 129INDEX OF CASES 205► Page 5ForewordWe should be extremely proud of the Council of Europe’s achievement inleading the way to a death-penalty-free zone (in practice if not always inlaw) within its member states. This is thanks in large part to the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights and its two additional protocols on the death penalty:Protocol No. 6, which provides for abolition of the death penalty in peacetime, andProtocol No. 13, which provides for its abolition in all circumstances. It is also theresult of the interpretation of those instruments by the European Court of HumanRights. Using the living instrument doctrine to interpret the European Conventionon Human Rights in the light of present-day conditions, the Court has been able topromote a higher standard of human rights protection within Europe on this crucialissue of human dignity.However, the decline in use of the death penalty worldwide in 20201 should not makeus complacent about the continuing human rights work that is needed to ensure acomplete de facto and de jure abolition of the death penalty across the world.This essential compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights willprovide ample material for that work to judges, legal practitioners and academicswithin the Council of Europe legal space. It will also provide inspirationto thosefurther afield. This includes awareness of the use of extrajudicial execution or therisk of it occurring through proceedings for expulsion, extradition or other forms ofremoval or transfer, as the last chapter of this compendium demonstrates.Numerous examples of the Court developing fundamental principles relating tocapital punishment can be found in this compendium, from Soering v. the UnitedKingdom and Öcalan v. Turkey [GC] to Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom.The added value of this compendium – which includes extracts from the judgmentsin English and translations of those where the judgments are only in French, as wellas any relevant dissenting or concurring opinions – is the structured approach byarticle of the Convention and theme. In particular, practitioners will be able to consultthe extensive case law developed by the Court in extradition or deportation caseswhere a violation of Article 2 or 3 is alleged.1. Amnesty International, “Death penalty in 2020: Facts and figures”: www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/04/death-penalty-in-2020-facts-and-figures/.Page 6 ► Compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the death penaltyOutlawing the death penalty is a work in progress for the Council of Europe. This canbe seen by the very recent Recommendation CM/Rec(2021)2 of the Committee ofMinisters to member States on measures against the trade in goods used for the deathpenalty, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentand the work of the Parliamentary Assembly’s general rapporteur on the abolitionof the death penalty, in particular as regards observer states.This compendium of case law underlines how the European Convention on HumanRights and the European Court of Human Rights ensure respect for one of the basicvalues of humanity within our society.Robert Spano, PresidentEuropean Court of Human Rights► Page 7Chapter 1IntroductionThis compendium is intended to help judges, lawyers and prosecutors fromCouncil of Europe member states deal with cases involving, in particular,expulsion, extradition or other procedures for removal and transfer, when itis considered that there is a risk of the death penalty being imposed in third countries,and cases involving a risk of extrajudicial execution or those in which this isconsidered to have occurred.It also aims to enable legal professionals from countries where the death penaltystill exists to develop arguments based upon the reasoning of the case law of theEuropean Court of Human Rights (“the Court” or “the European Court”), as well asthat of the former European Commission of Human Rights (“the former EuropeanCommission”).2In this case law, a number of different terms can be found to have been used whereissues relating to the death penalty and extrajudicial execution have been raised.Thus, in addition to the “death penalty”, reference can be made in the case law to“capital punishment” and “death sentence” (or condamné à mort, peine capitale andpeine de mort). Similarly, “extrajudicial execution” (also spelt with a hyphen) can alsobe referred to as “extrajudicial killing” (exécution extrajudiciaire).Whatever the terminology used, the European Court, as well as the former EuropeanCommission, has been faced with implementing the European Convention on HumanRights (“the European Convention” or “the Convention”) and its protocols in applicationsraising a wide range of issues concerned with the imposition and applicationof the death penalty and the practice of extrajudicial execution.When the European Convention was adopted, the use of the death penalty was afeature of the criminal justice systems in some, but not all, Council of Europe memberstates. The possibility of imposing this penalty was, therefore, accommodated inparagraph 1 of Article 2 (right to life) of the European Convention.However, although applications submitted to the former European Commission andthe European Court have included those where the death penalty was imposed bythe courts of some member states, there has never been a case in which either bodyhas had to address a situation where the actual implementation by a member stateof the death penalty had occurred or was even probable.2. This body had a role in implementing the Convention until the coming into force of Protocol No 11,but its rulings on a number of important points relating to the death penalty remain authoritative.The compendium assumes a basic familiarity with the European Convention system.Page 8 ► Compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the death penaltyNonetheless, both the European Court and the former European Commissionhave been faced with many applications raising issues relating to the impositionand implementation of the death penalty that involve states other than thosebelonging to the Council of Europe. Such applications have been brought beforethese two bodies because of proceedings taken by member states with a viewto expelling, extraditing or otherwise removing or transferring the applicantsin circumstances where it was alleged that this would entail a violation of theEuropean Convention.Notwithstanding the limitation on the protection afforded by the right to life inArticle 2, the ability to invoke the European Convention proved possible in the firstplace through reliance on other provisions, most notably the potential for theimposition or application of the death penalty to lead in some circumstances toinhuman and degrading treatment contrary to Article 3. In particular, this was sowhere the imposition of the death penalty would lead to the person concernedbeing subjected to the death row phenomenon – a prolonged period of time spenton death row in extreme conditions, with the ever-present and mounting anguishof awaiting implementation of the death penalty – or to the actual conditions ondeath row themselves.This approach has been reinforced by the recognition that the imposition of thedeath penalty where there had been a flagrant denial of a fair trial would amountnot only to a violation of the rights under Article 6 but could also be contrary toboth the right to life under Article 2 and the prohibition of inhuman and degradingtreatment under Article 3.The approach taken in the case law has been an evolutionary one, reflecting thechanging attitudes within Council of Europe member states and manifested in practicewith the adoption of Protocols No. 6 and No. 13, which required the abolitionof the death penalty, first with an exception in time of war or its imminent threat,and then in all circumstances.These two protocols have reinforced the protection afforded by the EuropeanConvention such that the European Court could conclude that their extensive ratification,together with consistent state practice in observing a moratorium on capitalpunishment, was strongly indicative that Art [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://book.coe.int/en/european-court-of-human-rights/11088-pdf-compendium-of-case-law-of-the-european-court-of-human-rights-on-the-death-penalty-and-extrajudicial-execution.html ) [464] => Array ( [objectID] => 18628 [title] => Living Under Sentence of Death [timestamp] => 1650585600 [date] => 22/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-under-sentence-of-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2019-20, The Department of Law at the University of Dhaka, in collaboration with the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) and The Death Penalty Project, conducted a study to investigate socio-economic characteristics and experiences of death row prisoners in Bangladesh.Bangladesh continues to retain and implement the death penalty, with several executions taking place each year. Excluding laws relating to the defence forces and international crimes, there are currently 33 crimes punishable by death. 25 of these offences are non-lethal and arguably do not meet the threshold of the ‘most serious crimes’ under international law.Inspired by similar studies in other countries, a pilot study was commissioned to examine the demographics and experiences of those sentenced to death. Consistent with those studies around the world, our findings evidence that the death penalty in Bangladesh is disproportionately used against the most vulnerable and marginalised sections of society. 72% of prisoners were classified as economically vulnerable 53% of prisoners were in low-paid work or unemployed 87% of prisoners had no qualifications beyond secondary school level 15% of prisoners had no formal education.The study also raised serious concerns around the treatment of prisoners, the length of time prisoners spent in prison under the sentence of death and the integrity of criminal investigations and trial. 33% of prisoners’ families alleged their relative had been tortured in police custody, 5% suspected this and 15% refused to comment 60% of respondents were not satisfied with the trial process, with some claiming that the courts had failed to properly appreciate the evidence On average it took over 10 years for death row cases to be disposed by the HCD (where sentences are confirmed). Prolonged time spent in isolation on death row, has been declared inhumane and degrading in many countries.The sample consisted of 39 individuals on death row, evidence from their case files and face-to-face interviews with their families were conducted under rigorous ethical guidelines to reveal their profiles and experiences. Despite its small size, the sample is indicative of the general prison population allowing us to draw conclusions on possible trends. [texte] => Living Under Sentence of Death A study on the profiles, experiences and perspectives of death row prisoners in BangladeshDepartment of LawUniversity of DhakaDecember 2020This report is published by the Department of Law, University of Dhaka. The research leading to this report included data collection and coordination by the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST).This report can be cited as: Rahman, Muhammad Mahbubur (2020) Living Under Sentence of Death: A study on the profiles, experiences and perspectives of death row prisoners in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Department of Law, University of Dhaka.ISBN: 978-1-8384709-0-6ContributorsAdvisersDr Md Rahmat Ullah(Professor and Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Dhaka)Dr Naima Huq (Professor and Chairman, Department of Law, University of Dhaka) Dr Borhan Uddin Khan(Professor, Department of Law, University of Dhaka) Author and lead researcherDr Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman (Professor, Department of Law, University of Dhaka)Student researchersAli MashrafShahrima Tanjin Field researchersShantonu Roy SagarAbdullah Al MamunMst Fatimatuz JohraTasnia Adiba FairuzNazifa Binte ZahidPronay Anzan SarkerMd Rajib KhanAbdullah SaquibEra Robbani“We are often faced with a system deeply committed to maintaining its insularity. This in turn pushes policy conversations around the criminal justice system into realms of intuition, rhetoric and sloganeering with very little basis in facts”(Surendranath 2019: vi)ContentsDEAN’S MESSAGE ...............................................................................................................7Professor Dr Md Rahmat UllahFOREWORD..........................................................................................................................8Professor Carolyn HoylePREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................11Professor Dr Naima HuqLIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .....................................................................................13ABBREVIATIONS...............................................................................................................13PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ...........................................................151.1 Background and objectives................................................................................................. 161.2 Data collection and limitations........................................................................................... 16PART TWO: THE DEATH PENALTY IN BANGLADESH.............................................192.1 Death penalty offences....................................................................................................... 202.2 Trial and post-trial phases.................................................................................................. 232.3 Executions ......................................................................................................................... 242.4 Earlier studies on the death penalty ................................................................................... 25PART THREE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE DEATH ROW PRISONERS273.1 Nature of offences .............................................................................................................. 283.2 Age, gender and religion..................................................................................................... 293.3 Educational background..................................................................................................... 303.4 Economic and criminal background................................................................................... 323.5 Family contexts................................................................................................................... 35PART FOUR: PRISONERS’ EXPERIENCES OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 374.1 Investigation and trial......................................................................................................... 384.2 Legal representation........................................................................................................... 414.3 Delay in procedures............................................................................................................ 424.4 Challenges for family members.......................................................................................... 43PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS................45BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................517Dean’s messageI am immensely proud that the Department of Law has successfully completed an empirical study on the profiles, experiences and perspectives of death row prisoners in Bangladesh. I think such a study was long overdue from the perspective of human rights and human dignity. The report, the outcome of the study, provides insightful data about the demographics of prisoners sentenced to death and their experiences of the criminal justice system. I congratulate each and everyone involved with this study.The report may promote informed debates and discussions on the death penalty regime in Bangladesh. I am sure that it will be helpful for researchers to find new research directions in this field and for policymakers to make necessary interventions in the existing criminal justice system in Bangladesh.Professor Dr Md Rahmat UllahDean, Faculty of Law, University of DhakaForewordWhile states continue to assert their sovereign right to determine what actions and behaviours should be prohibited by criminal law, and what punishments are appropriate for those who breach those laws, the past decades have witnessed growing international consensus on the limits of state punishment, particularly for those deemed to be vulnerable. Through human rights – especially the right to life and the prohibition on inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment – all countries must be on an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty. However, pending such time, international standards frame progressive restriction in the use of the death penalty and fair trial procedures for states that still retain the death penalty. Notwithstanding, research around the world has consistently demonstrated that those sentenced to death tend to be the most vulnerable: the poor, the uneducated, and those with inadequate support. Predictably, these are the people with the least faith in the criminal justice system to deliver fair and safe processes and proportionate punishment.While 143 countries are now abolitionist in law or practice, 55 retain the death penalty, and some of these – including Bangladesh – are responsible for a disproportionate share of the world’s death sentences. It is important, therefore, that we know who is subjected to the ultimate penalty in these jurisdictions, what factors might have impacted on their offending behaviour, and whether they are ‘worst of the worst’ offenders or, in fact, the marginalised and vulnerable. A rigorous study of almost all death sentenced prisoners in India, by the National Law University, Delhi, was the only project to have sought answers to these questions. No other empirical studies have attempted to interview all prisoners under sentence of death. That research found that most of those on death row were the disadvantaged and the marginalised, and not necessarily the worst offenders. It, therefore, provides an interesting point of comparison for this study of a sample of those on death row in Bangladesh. This project, the result of an effective collaboration between the University of Dhaka and the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST), maps the socio-economic profile of death sentenced prisoners in Bangladesh and the progress of their cases, drawing on qualitative evidence of their experiences of, and opinions on, the criminal justice process. The report has the potential to inform discourse on justice processes and penal policy, but particularly on the death penalty in Bangladesh. In India, a larger research team was able to travel across the whole country, and the prison authorities were fully cooperative in all but one prison. In Bangladesh, however, the research team did not attempt to obtain official permission for interviewing prisoners on death row because of time constraints. The study, therefore, relied on interviews with family members of 39 death sentenced prisoners, and on primary case records to chart the progress of cases in the High Court Division. While it is a much smaller study than was possible in India – where 373 of 385 prisoners were interviewed – it has produced reliable and interesting data, and serves as a pilot project for more comprehensive research that could target a representative sample of all of the approximately 1,650 prisoners under sentence of death. The two studies produced very similar data in most respects, suggesting that there may be systemic failings across South Asia, and likely further afield, though further empirical research would be necessary to demonstrate that.All but one of the prisoners for which data were gathered in Bangladesh were men. Most had been relatively young at the time of the offence, which could suggest a high potential for reformation as well as lower culpability, yet these young people had been sentenced to death. High educational attainment is a protective factor in many social, economic and legal matters. Not surprisingly, like the Indian prisoners, most were not educated to a high level and, partly in consequence, most were economically vulnerable: 9low-paid employees or unemployed. Notwithstanding their somewhat precarious financial positions, more than half of the families secured private legal representation for the defendant during the trial. This finding may be surprising, but it replicates the data gathered in India. Clearly, in both jurisdictions, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report [1] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/living-under-sentence-of-death/ ) [465] => Array ( [objectID] => 18449 [title] => Saudi Arabian Mass execution of 81 men [timestamp] => 1649030400 [date] => 04/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabian-mass-execution-of-81-men/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/saudi-arabia-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Saudi Arabia: the largest mass execution in this country in years The kingdom of Saudi Arabia executed 81 men on March 12, 2022, all of whom had been convicted of a wide range of offences, including “terrorism”- related crimes, murder, armed robbery, and arms smuggling. Those put to death included seven Yemenis, one Syrian and […] [texte] => Saudi Arabia: the largest mass execution in this country in yearsThe kingdom of Saudi Arabia executed 81 men on March 12, 2022, all of whom had been convicted of a wide range of offences, including “terrorism”- related crimes, murder, armed robbery, and arms smuggling. Those put to death included seven Yemenis, one Syrian and 73 Saudi. (more…) "Saudi Arabian Mass execution of 81 men" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [466] => Array ( [objectID] => 12986 [title] => Kazakhstan Ratifies the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1648771200 [date] => 01/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kazakhstan-ratifies-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-iccpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Kazakhstan_Flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Kazakhstan ratified the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty on 24 March 2022. [texte] => Kazakhstan ratified the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty on 24 March 2022. (more…) "Kazakhstan Ratifies the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [467] => Array ( [objectID] => 18511 [title] => The Philippines – Universal Periodic Review – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1648684800 [date] => 31/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-philippines-joint-stakeholder-report-on-the-death-penalty-for-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1. This report addresses the Philippines’ compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. For years, the Philippines imposed the death penalty, particularly for so-called heinous crimes. In 2006, President Gloria MacapagalArroyo abolished the death penalty.1 Since then, however, lawmakers have introduced numerous bills to reinstate the death penalty, with the House adopting Bill No. 7814 as recently as March 2, 2021.22. The report examines the current state of the death penalty in the Philippines, including (1) acceptance of international norms; (2) proposed legislation reintroducing the death penalty; (3) torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in enforcing drug control; (4) conditions of detention; and (5) administration of justice and fair trial. 3. This report recommends that the Philippines continue the abolition of the death penalty, refrain from reintroducing the death penalty, honor its international commitments, and implement a human rights-based approach to anti-drug policy [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgThe PhilippinesJoint Stakeholder Report on the Death Penaltyfor the United Nations Universal Periodic ReviewSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative statusandThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 41st Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic ReviewNovember 2022Submitted 31 March 2022Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. The Advocates is the primary provider of legal services to low-income asylum seekers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized the Death Penalty Project to provide pro bono assistance on postconviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities, and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses the Philippines’ compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. For years, the Philippines imposed the death penalty, particularly for so-called heinous crimes. In 2006, President Gloria MacapagalArroyo abolished the death penalty.1 Since then, however, lawmakers have introduced numerous bills to reinstate the death penalty, with the House adopting Bill No. 7814 as recently as March 2, 2021.22. The report examines the current state of the death penalty in the Philippines, including (1) acceptance of international norms; (2) proposed legislation reintroducing the death penalty; (3) torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in enforcing drug control; (4) conditions of detention; and (5) administration of justice and fair trial. 3. This report recommends that the Philippines continue the abolition of the death penalty, refrain from reintroducing the death penalty, honor its international commitments, and implement a human rights-based approach to anti-drug policy.I. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS4. During the 2017 Universal Period Review, the Philippines received 23 recommendations related to the death penalty, 31 recommendations related to torture, 5 recommendations related to detention conditions, 11 recommendations related to the administration of justice and fair trial, and 3 recommendations related to the excessive use of force by police. Acceptance of international norms (Theme A12); Constitutional and legislative framework(Theme A41); Institutions & policies (Theme A42)Status of Implementation: Partially Accepted, Partially Implemented5. The Philippines received 16 recommendations to ensure its fight against crime, especially counter-narcotics operations, conforms with constitutional protections and international human rights obligations.3 The Philippines accepted 11 and noted 5 of these recommendations.46. As described in greater detail in paragraphs 9-16 below, most of the efforts to reinstate the death penalty have centered around drug-related offenses. As discussed in paragraph 37, presumption-shifting provisions in the leading bill to reinstate the death penalty would violate the fair trial rights of persons accused of drug-related offenses. And as mentioned in paragraph 21, several civil society organizations have called on authorities to insteadcreate a human-rights based approach to drug offenses and drug control.Right to life (Theme D21); Death penalty (Theme D23)Status of Implementation: Not Accepted, Partially Implemented7. The Philippines received 7 recommendations to maintain the abolition of the death penalty5and 16 recommendations to refrain from reinstating the death penalty.6 The Philippines noted all of these recommendations, contending that the issue was subject to further deliberations in Congress, the outcome of which the State cannot influence.7 While the 3Philippines has maintained the abolition of the death penalty so far, lawmakers in the House of Representatives continue to introduce bills to reinstate the death penalty.88. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo abolished the death penalty in the Philippines in 2006.9The Philippines ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 2007.10 Yet lawmakers have flouted Article 6 of the ICCPR and the Second Optional Protocol by taking steps to reinstate the death penalty.9. On January 2017, a bill was filed in the House of Representatives seeking to reinstate the death penalty for drug-related offenses and for crimes that are committed under the influence of illegal drugs.1110. After campaigning on the issue in 2016, in July 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte called on Congress to reinstate the death penalty, focusing in particular on drug-related offenses.12Lawmakers thereafter introduced legislation to reinstate the death penalty,13 filing at least 19 bills by the end of the year.14 One bill would allow the death penalty for crimes including treason, certain types of bribery, “plunder,” drug offenses, murder, robbery involving violence or intimidation, rape, piracy, kidnapping, and certain types of arson,15 while another would allow the death penalty for drug trafficking and drug manufacturing,16 and another would allow the death penalty for qualified trafficking in persons.17 Of the 19 billsto reinstate the death penalty that lawmakers introduced in 2019, 15 targeted drug trafficking or other drug-related offenses.1811. On March 2, 2021, the House of Representative adopted House Bill No. 7814, providing for the reinstatement of the death penalty for a new crime under the 2002 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act.19 This is the second bill in a span of 5 years that has advanced to the Senate proposing a return to capital punishment. Section 20 of the bill provides a mandatory penalty of death for the planting of false evidence during a drug crime investigation.20 There is also a presumption of guilt if the person accused of planting such evidence does not follow the investigation procedure under Section 19 of the bill.2112. After House Bill No. 4727 passed in the House of Representatives with an overwhelming majority, Rep. Ruwel Peter Gonzaga clarified the majority’s position that the death penalty, if enacted into law, will not violate the Second Optional Protocol. “The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR is not a treaty nor an international agreement because the ratification of the President did not have the concurrence of at least two-thirds of all members of the Senate as required under Section 21 Article 7 of the Constitution,” Gonzaga asserted.2213. Subsequently, in 2017, the Special Rapporteur on torture and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions reminded the State Party that it has an obligation under the Second Optional Protocol “to stay away from this form of punishment and cannot legally reintroduce it in its jurisdiction.”23 They noted that after ratifying the protocol, “State authorities ha[d] also expressly confirmed on numerous occasions its validity and binding nature on the Philippines, without raising any concerns over the procedure through which it had been ratified.”24 The experts concluded that reinstatement of the death penalty would be “in clear violation of [the Philippines’] obligations under the protocol.”2514. In June 2020, the Human Rights Committee asked the Philippines to “comment on the compatibility of such steps” to reintroduce the death penalty “with provisions in the Covenant, and in the Second Optional Protocol.”26 In response, the Philippines asserted 4that “[i]nclusive legislative efforts to conduct stakeholder human rights dialogues with constituents within Parliament and/or civic space regarding the death penalty is not prohibited under the Covenant and the Second Protocol.”2715. After the adoption of House Bill No. 7814 in March 2021, the Philippines’ Commission on Human Rights (CHR) expressed “grave concern” and reiterated that “the death penalty is not an effective deterrent and if passed, this is considered a serious breach of our international obligations, particularly under the [ICCPR] and its Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.”2816. There are currently 13 draft bills before the House of Representatives and 11 draft bills before the Senate proposing the death penalty for a range of offences including (but not limited to) drug offences, treason, plunder, rape and murder.2917. There has recently been a pullback of support from senators for House Bill 7814.3018. In the context of the upcoming elections in May 2022, even candidates who were hardliners for reinstatement of the death penalty appear to have taken steps back, saying “not now” to the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TAHR-WCADP-Philippines-Death-Penalty-UPR-.pdf ) [468] => Array ( [objectID] => 18410 [title] => Trapped Inside: Mental Illness & Incarceration [timestamp] => 1648166400 [date] => 25/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/trapped-inside-mental-illness-incarceration/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pakistan’s criminal justice system fails to provide meaningful protection to persons suffering from mental illness at all stages of arrest, trial, sentencing and detention. Under Pakistani law, a person of unsound mind is unable to form criminal intent and therefore is not subject to punishment. Despite this, a disproportionate number of mentally ill prisoners are currently in Pakistan’s jails and on death row.In light of the above, JPP, in collaboration with Monash University Australia, is launching a report titled “Trapped Inside: Mental Illness & Incarceration”, a comprehensive review of Pakistani law and practice with regards to mentally ill prisoners and defendants. This report seeks to help relevant stakeholders to better understand and respond appropriately to the mental health needs of individuals across the criminal justice system. It focuses on the steps stakeholders can take to promote and protect mental health and well-being of individuals at each stage. The report also explores last year’s landmark ‘Safia Bano’ judgement by Pakistan’s Supreme Court, which commuted the death sentences of two mentally ill death row prisoners, banned the execution of prisoners with psycho-social disabilities and set key safeguards for the same. [texte] => 10 | The Way Forward - Recommendations 5657585810.1| Arrest5810.2| Trial606010.5| Presidential Pardons/Mercy Petitions10.6| Execution10.2.1| Adopt an evidence-based approach whenconsidering mental impairment10.2.2| Considering mental illness during trial575710.1.1| Developing Reforms to the process of arrest10.1.2| Adhering to legal procedure58585910.3| Setencing10.3.1| Developing sentencing guidelines for the mentally ill10.3.2| Implement presentence hearings595910.4| Imprisonment10.4.1| Improvements in legislationIndividuals suffering from mental illnessare among the most vulnerable groupsof any society in the world, andreportedly constitute 50 million of thepopulation in Pakistan.1 Barriers toobtaining treatment and support formental illness in Pakistan are extremelyhigh, with only 0.4% of health careexpenditure devoted to mental health bythe government.2 This vulnerability isexacerbated when they enter thePakistani criminal justice system, whichfails to provide meaningful protection topersons with mental illness andpsychosocial disabilities at all stages ofarrest, trial, sentencing and detention.Under Pakistani law, a person ofunsound mind is unable to form criminalintent and therefore is not subject topunishment. Despite this, adisproportionate number of mentally illprisoners are currently in Pakistan’s jails.Many inmates come into prison withserious pre-existing mental illnesseswhich are then made worse by longperiods of imprisonment and thestresses of the hyper-violent prisonexperience. The lack of adequate mentalhealthcare in prisons, and the startingassumption that prisoners feign insanityfor special treatment, leads to needlesssuffering for prisoners who are mentallyill.Over the past 12 years, Justice ProjectPakistan (JPP) has represented countlessmentally ill defendants on death row inPakistan. This report is a product of thatinsight, and provides readers with adeeper understanding of mental healthand incarceration in Pakistan’s criminaljustice system by examining thelegislative framework and systemicissues that pervade each stage of theprocess: arrest, trial, sentencing,imprisonment, mercy petitions andexecution. Additionally, this reportevaluates the impact of the landmarkSupreme Court judgement, Safia Banoand Others v. The State3, handed downin JPP’s strategic litigation filed on behalfof mentally ill prisoners death rowprisoners Imdad Ali, Kanizan Bibi andGhulam Abbas. The judgement,discussed in detail in the section below,was a watershed moment in Pakistan’sjurisprudence in terms of establishingsafeguards for prisoners withpsychosocial disabilities and prohibitingthe execution of the severely mentally ill.Each section of the report details gapspresent in Pakistan’s criminal justicesystem in relation to the treatment andprotection of mentally ill defendants.Section 2 highlights Pakistan’sobligations towards mentally illdefendants under international law.Section 3 discusses the numeroussystemic problems that arise duringarrest. These range from increasedsuspicion placed on the mentally ill dueto their actions being mistaken by lawenforcement authorities, to inadequatetraining of judicial officers in handlingindividuals with psychosocial disabilitiesand mental illness. As a result, theseindividuals do not benefit from thesafeguards contained in the law and faceharsher treatment during detention.Sections 4 and 5 cover the stages of trialand sentencing respectively. Mentally illdefendants often remain undiagnosed,are unable to adequately participate intheir defence, and are sentenced harshlyas trial courts remain unaware of thelegal frameworks that exist to protectthem. Pakistani law provides mentalhealth safeguards at the trial stage in theform of the insanity defence and theevaluation of a defendant’s competencyto stand trial. Similarly, a person’spsychological state is of significantlyrelevant to their sentencing - a fact whichhas been acknowledged in Pakistan’sjurisprudence. 4 In practice, however,these standards for the trial andsentencing of mentally ill defendants areseldom applied.Section 6 examines the conditions ofconfinement of prisoners who arementally ill, identifying the issues theyface during incarceration. The majority ofprison staff who supervise prisoners withmental illnesses on a daily basis do notreceive the necessary training or supportto identify and handle such persons. Thepromotion, protection and restoration ofmental health in prisons is criticallyimportant for prisoner rehabilitation andtheir reintegration into the community. 5By carrying out this analysis, this reportaims to inform domestic andinternational stakeholders about theshortfalls in existing legal frameworksand the systemic flaws that compoundthe plight of the mentally ill in Pakistan’scriminal justice system. In identifyingthese flaws, it is the aim of this report toensure that the current focus on thepathway to reform is maintained, and tosuggest possible solutions to thenumerous pitfalls surrounding this issue.In recent years, JPP has initiated capacitybuilding efforts aimed at prison officials,judicial officers, mental health experts,lawyers and police officers to fill thesystemic gaps highlighted in this reportand to obtain improved outcomes fordefendants and prisoners withpsychosocial disabilities. 6 However, untilProvincial Governments and High Courtsprioritise implementation of thedirections issued by the Hon’bleSupreme Court in the Safia Banojudgement, progress will be piecemeal atbest while failing to protect the mostvulnerable prisoners in Pakistan’scriminal justice system.Executive Summary1.1. The landmark Supreme Court judgement in the case ofSafia Bano and Others v. The State on 10 February 2021CHAPTER01Individuals suffering from mental illnessare among the most vulnerable groupsof any society in the world, andreportedly constitute 50 million of thepopulation in Pakistan.1 Barriers toobtaining treatment and support formental illness in Pakistan are extremelyhigh, with only 0.4% of health careexpenditure devoted to mental health bythe government.2 This vulnerability isexacerbated when they enter thePakistani criminal justice system, whichfails to provide meaningful protection topersons with mental illness andpsychosocial disabilities at all stages ofarrest, trial, sentencing and detention.Under Pakistani law, a person ofunsound mind is unable to form criminalintent and therefore is not subject topunishment. Despite this, adisproportionate number of mentally illprisoners are currently in Pakistan’s jails.Many inmates come into prison withserious pre-existing mental illnesseswhich are then made worse by longperiods of imprisonment and thestresses of the hyper-violent prisonexperience. The lack of adequate mentalhealthcare in prisons, and the startingassumption that prisoners feign insanityfor special treatment, leads to needlesssuffering for prisoners who are mentallyill.Over the past 12 years, Justice ProjectPakistan (JPP) has represented countlessmentally ill defendants on death row inPakistan. This report is a product of thatinsight, and provides readers with adeeper understanding of mental healthand incarceration in Pakistan’s criminaljustice system by examining thelegislative framework and systemicissues that pervade each stage of theprocess: arrest, trial, sentencing,imprisonment, mercy petitions andexecution. Additionally, this reportevaluates the impact of the landmarkSupreme Court judgement, Safia Banoand Others v. The State3, handed downin JPP’s strategic litigation filed on behalfof mentally ill prisoners death rowprisoners Imdad Ali, Kanizan Bibi andGhulam Abbas. The judgement,discussed in detail in the section below,was a watershed moment in Pakistan’sjurisprudence in terms of establishingsafeguards for prisoners withpsychosocial disabilities and prohibitingthe execution of the severely mentally ill.Each section of the report details gapspresent in Pakistan’s criminal justicesystem in relation to the treatment andprotection of mentally ill defendants.Section 2 highlights Pakistan’sobligations towards mentally illdefendants under international law.Section 3 discusses the numeroussystemic problems that arise duringarrest. These range from increasedsuspicion placed on the mentally ill dueto their actions being mistaken by lawenforcement authorities, to inadequatetraining of judicial officers in handlingindividuals with psychosocial disabilitiesand mental illness. As a result, theseindividuals do not benefit from thesafeguards contained in the law and faceharsher treatment during detention.Sections 4 and 5 cover the stages of trialand sentencing respectively. Mentally illdefendants often remain undiagnosed,are unable to adequately participate intheir defence, and are sentenced harshlyas trial courts remain unaware of thelegal frameworks that exist to protectthem. Pakistani law provides mentalhealth safeguards at the trial stage in theform of the insanity defence and theevaluation of a defendant’s competencyto stand trial. Similarly, a person’spsychological state is of significantlyrelevant to their sentencing - a fact whichhas been acknowledged in Pakistan’sjurisprudence.4 In practice, however,these standards for the trial andsentencing of mentally ill defendants areseldom applied.Section 6 examines the conditions ofconfinement of prisoners who arementally ill, identifying the issues theyface during incarceration. The majority ofprison staff who supervise prisoners withmental illnesses on a daily basis do notreceive the necessary training or supportto identify and handle such persons. Thepromotion, protection and restoration ofmental health in prisons is criticallyimportant for prisoner rehabilitation andtheir reintegration into the community. 5By carrying out this analysis, this reportaims to inform domestic andinternational stakeholders about theshortfalls in existing legal frameworksand the systemic flaws that compoundthe plight of the mentally ill in Pakistan’scriminal justice system. In [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/report/trapped-inside-mental-illness-incarceration/ ) [469] => Array ( [objectID] => 18399 [title] => Legislators’ Opinions on the Death Penalty in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1648080000 [date] => 24/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/legislators-opinions-on-the-death-penalty-in-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, The Death Penalty Project and the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) commissioned Professor Carolyn Hoyle at the University of Oxford and Professor Shiow-duan Hawang at Soochow University, Taipei to carry out a study exploring Taiwanese legislators’ attitudes towards capital punishment.The study reveals that the majority of Taiwan’s legislators would like to see the death penalty abolished. The risk of wrongful convictions, the abuse of human rights and a recognition that the death penalty has no unique deterrent effect, were the primary reasons cited for supporting abolition. Additionally, a majority of legislators interviewed expressed fairly low levels of trust in the Taiwanese criminal justice system, with doubts raised over its ability to offer adequate safeguards to individuals facing capital trials.Key findings:- 61% of legislators interviewed are in favour of abolishing the death penalty- 39% of legislators interviewed are in favour of retaining the death penalty, but only one legislator was strongly in favour- 71% of retentionists and 65% of abolitionists asserted that wrongful convictions ‘sometimes’ occurred- Only 11% of legislators interviewed thought that wrongful convictions ‘rarely’ occur- All legislators interviewed expressed a preference for social justice measures, such as poverty reduction, over increased executions when asked to rank a range of policies aimed at reducing violent crime [texte] => Legislators’ Opinionson the Death Penaltyin TaiwanCarolyn Hoyle andShiow-duan HawangIn association with:© 2021 The authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:The Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.orgThis report was made possible by grants to The Death Penalty Project from The Taiwan Foundationfor Democracy and the Magna Carta Fund of the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth andDevelopment Office. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/legislators-opinions-on-the-death-penalty-in-taiwan/ ) [470] => Array ( [objectID] => 18629 [title] => Felony Murder: An On-Ramp for Extreme Sentencing [timestamp] => 1647993600 [date] => 23/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/felony-murder-an-on-ramp-for-extreme-sentencing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although other countries have largely rejected the felony murder doctrine, 48 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government still use these laws. Felony murder laws compel harsh decades-long – or even life – sentences even when the individual charged did not directly cause or intend the loss of life.This report evaluates the legal and empirical foundation, and failings, of the felony murder rule, profiles impacted individuals, and highlights recent reform efforts in 10 jurisdictions. Key findings include:1. Felony murder laws widen the net of extreme sentencing and are counterproductive to public safety.2. Felony murder laws have particularly adverse impacts on people of color, young people, and women.3. Existing reforms must be expanded to achieve justice. [texte] => FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCING 1An On-Ramp for Extreme SentencingFELONY MURDER 2 FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCINGThis report was written by Nazgol Ghandnoosh, Ph.D., Emma Stammen, and Connie Budaci who are, respectively, Senior Research Analyst, Research Fellow, and former Legal Fellow at The Sentencing Project. The report incorporates research assistance and legal consultation provided by Latham & Watkins LLP, Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Berkeley Law’s International Human Rights Law Clinic, Drexel Kline School of Law’s Andy and Gwen Stern Community Lawyering Clinic, Monica Reid at the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and several state affiliates, Kevin Muhitch, Elissa Jude He, and Liz Komar. Sections of this report benefited from the generous feedback, editing, and comments of the following individuals Jobi Cates, Kate Chatfield, Kate Epstein, Monica Fuhrmann, Jennifer Hansen, Lauren Katz, Miriam A. Krinsky, Youngjae Lee, Colby Lenz, Rachel López, Olevia Mae, Rosemary Nidiry, Jinwoo Park, Astha Sharma Pokharel, Amanda J. Powell, Richard Schmechel, Katerina Semyonova, Michael Serota, Kimberly A. Thomas, and David Weiss. The Sentencing Project gratefully acknowledges Arnold Ventures for their generous support of our research to end extreme sentences. FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCING 3TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................1 I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3 A. Scope of the Problem.........................................................................................................................4B. Racial Bias...........................................................................................................................................5C. Impact on Women...............................................................................................................................6D. Criminologically Unsound...................................................................................................................6 II. INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW.............................................................................................8 III. FELONY MURDER’S FOUR FORMS OF INJUSTICE..................................................................................9 A. Erasing the Distinction Between Unintentional and Intentional Homicides....................................9B. Imposing Extreme Sentences on Young People with Diminished Culpability...............................12C. The Disproportionate Punishment of Accomplices........................................................................14 D. The Most Egregious Felony Murder Laws........................................................................................17IV. RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................................................................21 A. Ending the Injustice of Felony Murder Laws....................................................................................21B. Addressing Past and Future Sentencing Excesses: A Broad Vision for Change...........................22V. APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................23Appendix 1. Model Felony Murder Policy for Prosecutors’ Offices...................................................23Appendix 2. Sentencing Laws for Felony Murder, 2022.....................................................................24ENDNOTES......................................................................................................................................................25 FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCING 1In San Joaquin County, California in 2010, 19-year-old Emmanuel Mendoza helped lure a robbery victim to a location where a masked accomplice waited with a firearm. When a struggle with the victim over the firearm ensued, Mendoza’s accomplice fired a fatal shot. Although Mendoza did not have a weapon and the killing had not been planned, he was convicted of felony murder with special circumstances, and automatically sentenced to life without parole (LWOP).1 In prison, he ended his gang affiliation and mentored others to do the same, earned a GED and associate degree, embraced his faith, and has been an active father to his three children. “I understand that at the end of the day someone lost their life,” Mendoza says. “Our plan that night wasn’t to kill anyone. I can’t take it back. But I also feel that it was a huge injustice to not be given an attempt at freedom.”2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Murder typically refers to an intentional killing. But “felony murder” laws hold people like Mendoza liable for murder if they participated in a felony, such as a robbery, that resulted in someone’s death. These laws impose sentences associated with murder on people who neither intended to kill nor anticipated a death, and even on those who did not participate in the killing. As such, they violate the principle of proportional sentencing, which is supposed to punish crimes based on their severity. These excessively punitive outcomes violate widely shared perceptions of justice. With one in seven people in U.S. prisons serving a life sentence, ending mass incarceration requires bold action to reduce extreme prison terms such as those prescribed for felony murder.3 These laws run counter to public safety, fiscal responsibility, and justice. Although other countries have largely rejected the felony murder doctrine,4 48 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government still use these laws. The only two states that do not have felony murder laws are Hawaii and Kentucky. Six other states require some proof of intentionality regarding the killing to consider it murder,5 though the use of a gun—or mere knowledge of a codefendant’s gun use—satisfies this requirement in some jurisdictions.6 In any case, all felony murder laws use the underlying felony to either a) treat as murder a killing that would not have otherwise been considered murder, or b) increase the gradation of murder, such as from second to first degree.FELONY MURDER: An On-Ramp for Extreme Sentencing2 FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCINGThis report evaluates the legal and empirical foundation, and failings, of the felony murder rule, profiles impacted individuals, and highlights recent reform efforts in 10 jurisdictions. Key findings include:1. Felony murder laws widen the net of extreme sentencing and are counterproductive to public safety.• For felony murder convictions for adults, eight states and the federal system mandate LWOP sentences, 15 states mandate LWOP in some cases, and 17 states and Washington, DC make LWOP a sentencing option. Four states permit or require a virtual life sentence of 50 years or longer for some or all felony murder convictions.7• In Pennsylvania and Michigan, one quarter of people serving LWOP were convicted of felony murder—over 1,000 people in each state.8• Felony murder laws have not significantly reduced felonies nor lowered the number of felonies that become deadly. • The extreme prison sentences associated with felony murder laws add upward pressure on the entire sentencing structure. • Felony murder laws spend taxpayer dollars on incarcerating people who no longer pose a danger to the community and divert resources away from effective investments that promote public safety. 2. Felony murder laws have particularly adverse impacts on people of color, young people, and women. • In Pennsylvania in 2020, 80% of imprisoned individuals with a felony murder conviction were people of color and 70% were African American.9• Felony murder laws ignore the cognitive vulnerabilities of youth and emerging adults by assuming that they recognize the remote consequences of their own actions—and those of others in their group. In Pennsylvania, nearly three-quarters of people serving LWOP for felony murder in 2019 were age 25 or younger at the time of their offense, as were over half of Minnesotans charged with aiding and abetting felony murder in recent years.10• An exploratory survey in California found that 72% of women but only 55% of men serving a life sentence for felony murder were not the perpetrators of the homicide.11 The California Coalition for Women Prisoners reports that the majority of their members convicted of felony murder were accomplices navigating intimate partner violence at the time of the offense and were criminalized for acts of survival.123. Existing reforms must be expanded to achieve justice. • Since 1980, Michigan has required a minimum culpable mental state of wanton disregard for life for felony murder convictions. Despite this reform, the number of Michiganders imprisoned for felony murder is comparable to that of Pennsylvania, where no such requirement exists.• Reforms in Colorado, Illinois, and Massachusetts have not been applied retroactively to provide relief to people sentenced under the old law. The Sentencing Project and Fair and Just Prosecution recommend that all U.S. jurisdictions repeal felony murder statutes. In the interim, reforms to felony murder laws should at a minimum include: eliminating death and LWOP as sentencing options; protecting minors and emerging adults from the felony murder rule; ending accomplice liability; creating meaningful intent requirements for the killing itself; narrowing predicate offenses that can trigger a felony murder charge; and tackling racial disparities in enforcement. Prosecutors can be leaders in these reform efforts. The model policy memo included in Appendix 1 sets forth recommended changes prosecutors can put in place t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/felony-murder-an-on-ramp-for-extreme-sentencing/ ) [471] => Array ( [objectID] => 18630 [title] => The Clemency Process in East and Southeast Asia [timestamp] => 1647907200 [date] => 22/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-clemency-process-in-east-and-southeast-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this report, we summarise the current international position on clemency and the death penalty and compare it to snapshots of the clemency processes in the following Southeast and East Asian countries: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and China. All references to clemency in this paper are in the context of reprieve from the death penalty. [texte] => CLEMENCY PROCEDURES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA1Clemency Procedures in East and Southeast AsiaADP Publication Sdn. Bhd. (1097496-A)C-5-22 Centum @ Oasis Corporate ParkNo: 2, Jalan PJU 1a/2, Oasis Damansara47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, MalaysiaTel: +0378318870Email: adpan@adpan.orgWebsite: www.adpan.orgFacebook: facebook.com/ADPANetworkTwitter: twitter.com/ ADPANetworkInstagram: ADPANetworkCover design by Michelle ChewTypesetting by Sky Siaw Supported and in collaboration with Taiwan Foundation for DemocracyPublished by ADPAN2021Printed in Malaysia Revision 1.0Except where otherwise noted, content on this journal islicensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).To view a copy of the license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ADPAN would like to acknowledge the work and contribution of Benjamin Chia, Imogen Fox, Divna Starcevic and Matthew Song of the Eleos Anti-Death Penalty Clinic, Monash University, Australia.2Table of ContentIntroductions 3International Legal Framework 5Methodology and Countries 6Conclusion 9Bibliography 11Clemency Framework by Country 16China 16Indonesia 19Japan 25Malaysia 29Singapore 33Taiwan 38Thailand 43Vietnam 493Clemency Procedures in East and Southeast AsiaBenjamin Chia, Imogen Fox, Divna Starcevic and Matthew Song of the Eleos Anti-Death Penalty Clinic, Monash University, Australia.1. IntroductionThere is a growing movement towards the abolition of capital punishment with the number of abolitionist countries rising from 16 countries in 1977 to the current number of 108 with an additional 28 being abolitionist in practice.1 Whilst there is a global movement for the abolition of the death penalty, it remains entrenched in the legal systems of a number of countries, particularly those in the Southeast and East Asian regions. After having exhausted all judicial appeals, the final reprieve for those on death row is clemency. Clemency is the abrogation of a prisoner’s sentence. A grant of clemency may lead to the commutation of the sentence or, in some cases, outright release. The grant of clemency originates from a variety of sources that depend on the country. For example, Malaysia2 and Thailand3 are constitutional monarchies and the power to grant clemency is vested in their respective royal families. In contrast, clemency in the democratic republic nations of Singapore4 and Indonesia5stems from their respective Presidents.Each country has a unique system and set of considerations in granting clemency with discretion ultimately vesting in the decision-maker. Each country has a unique system and set of considerations in granting clemency for death row and non-death row prisoners, with discretion ultimately vesting in the decision-maker. With that said, there are three common factors that determine the success rate of clemency appeals for death row prisoners.6 Firstly, the amount of lenient discretion exercisable at earlier stages of the legal process has an inverse correlation with the rate of clemency. In Malaysia, the rule of double presumptions of possession and knowledge of illicit substances, and subsequent mandatory death sentence, restricts judicial discretion and is rocedure to place more importance on the role of clemency as a reprieve.7 Secondly, political influences can factor into a decision to grant clemency. For example, a country may be influenced by international pressure, and for this reason, there is a higher rate of clemency granted for foreign nationals on death row than their own citizens.8 Thirdly, the length of time between incarceration and execution has been seen to correlate with 1 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 (Amnesty International Report, 2021) 57 (‘Amnesty International Report 2021’).2 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand s 179 (‘Thai Constitution’).3 Federal Constitution (Malaysia) art 42(1) (‘Malaysian Constitution’).4 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore art 22P (‘Singaporean Constitution’). 5 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia art 14 (‘Indonesian Constitution’).6 Daniel Pascoe, ‘Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases’ (2014) 4 Centre for Indonesian Law, Islam and Society 6, 6 (‘Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases’).7 Daniel Pascoe, Last Chance for Life (Oxford University Press, 2019) 141 (‘Last Chance for Life’).8 Ibid 49.4the rate of clemency. Countries, such as Vietnam, which are quicker to reach decisions on clemency applications and to execute their death row inmates, may see a lower rate of successful grants of clemency.9 This is because rehabilitative and retributive factors are less available as considerations due to the short time in incarceration. Rehabilitative factors refer to the extended time in prison leading to the decision-maker finding that the prisoner has been reformed during that time. This is usually coupled with the finding of good behaviour. Retributive refers to the fact that the prisoner has been deemed to have been adequately punished due to the length of their prison sentence.In this report, we summarise the current international position on clemency and the death penalty and compare it to snapshots of the clemency processes in the following Southeast and East Asian countries: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and China. All references to clemency in this paper are in the context of reprieve from the death penalty.9 Daniel Pascoe, ‘Explaining Death Penalty Clemency in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1986 to 2015’ (2016) 10(2) Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law 165, 184-5 (‘Socialist Republic of Vietnam’).52. International Legal FrameworkInternational law protects and upholds the right of a condemned person to seek clemency, with article 6(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) stating that ‘anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence’ and that clemency may be granted in all cases.10 The ICCPRhas been signed and ratified by Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and Japan.11 China has signed but not ratified the ICCPR, whilst Singapore and Malaysia have done neither.12Taiwan has incorporated it into their law, but is not considered a signatory given that it is not rocedures as a state by the UN.13Safeguards adopted by the UN also protect death row inmates from being executed whilst their clemency application is pending,14 with this protection being mirrored in Article 4(6) of the American Convention on Human Rights.15 Furthermore, in Desmond McKenzie et al v Jamaica and Neville Lewis v A-G of Jamaica, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and Judicial Committee of the Privy Council respectively rocedures the need for clemency processes to be “fair and proper”,16 and follow “minimum procedural guarantees”,17 such as the guarantee that the application will be heard within a reasonable period of time, and the right for prisoners to make submissions to the decision-maker, to ensure prisoners are able to fully enjoy their rights under the American Convention on Human Rights.18 Given the similarity between the two conventions, it is likely that such an interpretation would also be applied to the ICCPR. Therefore, as rocedures by Schabas, a country will generally fall out of step with international obligations if they don’t allow prisoners to seek clemency, if they execute prisoners before the application is heard, and if the process is insufficiently fair and transparent.1910 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976) art 6(4) (‘ICCPR’). 11 ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights’, United Nations Treaty Collection (Web Page, 2021) .12 Ibid.13 Yu-Jie Chen, ‘Isolated but not Oblivious: Taiwan’s Acceptance of the Two Major Human Rights Covenants’ in Jerome Cohen, William Alford, Chang-Fa Lo (eds), Taiwan and International Human Rights: A Story of Transformation (Springer, 2019) 207, 207.14 Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of those Facing the Death Penalty, approved by Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50, 25 May 1984, safeguard 8. 15 Organization of American States (OAS), American Convention on Human Rights (entered into force 18 July 1978) art 4(6).16 Neville Lewis v A-G of Jamaica [2000] UKPC 35, [62] (Lord Slynn of Hadley). 17 Desmond McKenzie et al v Jamaica (Judgment) (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Cases 12.023, 12.044, 12.107, 12.126, and 12.146, 13 April 2000) [228].18 Ibid. 19 William A Schabas, The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law (Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed, 2002) 168-9.63. Methodology and CountriesIn our investigation into clemency procedures across East and Southeast Asia, we first had to determine which countries to analyse. We decided to focus on China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam, as these are the key retentionist countries in the region in terms of population size and geopolitical influence. We felt that investigating these states would also illustrate a holistic view of regional clemency practices by highlighting the nuances of each country’s process.In conducting our research, we consulted key legislation such as the Constitutions, Criminal Codes, and Statutes of each country, in addition to scholarly articles and books. A special mention must be given to Daniel Pascoe who is the preeminent scholar in the field of clemency. Without his tremendous research, this report would not be possible.3.1.ChinaIn our research, we discovered that China, despite having a legal framework whichallows for clemency to be granted, has never exercised this power since the CCP took power in 1949.20 Instead, they appear to rely on the “suspended death sentence” to achieve a similar result.21 If a court grants the suspended death sentence, it will suspend a prisoner’s death sent [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Indonesia [2] => Japan [3] => Malaysia [4] => Singapore [5] => Taiwan [6] => Thailand [7] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => ) [472] => Array ( [objectID] => 18389 [title] => Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2021 [timestamp] => 1647820800 [date] => 21/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our eleventh on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2021 found that: 1) 35 countries still retain the death penalty for drug offences 2) At least 131 people were executed for drug offences in 2021 – a 336% increase from 2020. However, due to a severe lack of transparency, if not outright censorship, this is only a partial picture. This figure likely represents only a fraction of all drug-related executions carried out globally. [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCES:GLOBAL OVERVIEW2021Harm Redu!ion International (HRI) is a leadingnon-governmental organisation dedicated toreducing the negative health, social and legalimpa!s of drug use and drug policy. We promotethe rights of people who use drugs and theircommunities through research and advocacy tohelp achieve a world where drug policies and lawscontribute to healthier, safer societies.The organisation is an NGO with SpecialConsultative Status with the Economic and SocialCouncil of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug O"ences:Global Overview 2021Giada Girelli and Ajeng Larasati© Harm Redu!ion International, 2022ISBN: 978-1-915255-00-6Designed by ESCOLAPublished by Harm Redu!ionInternational61 Mansell Street, AldgateLondon E1 8ANTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: o"ce@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.global4This report would not be possible without data made available or sharedby leading human rights organisations and individual experts, many of whomprovided advice and assi#ance throughout the dra$ing process. We would%ecifically like to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre for HumanRights (ABC), Ambika Satkunanathan, the Anti-Death Penalty Asian Network(ADPAN), the Bahrain In#itute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD), the EuropeanSaudi Organisation for Human Rights (ESOHR), the Human Rights Commissionof Paki#an (HRCP), the In#itute for Criminal Ju#ice Reform (ICJR), Kir#en Han,and Proje! 39A (National Law University, Delhi).Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Redu!ion Internationalfor their feedback and support in preparing this report: Gen Sander, CinziaBrentari, Naomi Burke-Shyne, Catherine Cook, Colleen Daniels, Lucy O’Hare,Maddie O’Hare, Suchitra Rajagopalan, Sam Shirley-Beavan, Olga Szubert andAnne Taiwo.Any errors are the sole re%onsibility of Harm Redu!ion International.AcknowledgementsHarm Redu!ion International (HRI) has monitored the use of thedeath penalty for drug o&ences worldwide since our fir# ground-breakingpublication on this issue in 2007. This report, our eleventh on the subje!,continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy andpra!ical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drugo&ences, a pra!ice which is a clear violation of international law. TheGlobal Overview 2021 presents an analysis of key developments relatedto the death penalty for drug o&ences in 2021, with a focus on analysingand disseminating available figures on drug-related executions anddeath sentences. An overview is compiled for each category, includingcase #udies where relevant. A supplementary analysis of other nationalpolicy developments can be found at the end of this report.Harm Redu!ion International opposes the death penalty in allcases without exception.Introduction56Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug-relatedcrimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under nationallaws. For the purposes of this report, this definition excludes activities whichare not related to the trafficking, possession or use of controlled substancesand related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting or abetting a crime).In the 35 #ates that retain the death penalty for drug o&ences,capital punishment is typically applied for the following o&ences: cultivationand manufa!uring, and the smuggling, tra"cking or importing/exportingof controlled sub#ances. However, in some of these #ates, the followingdrug o&ences may also be punishable by the death penalty (among others):possession, #oring and hiding drugs, financing drug o&ences, and inducingor coercing others into using drugs. For more information on the drug o&encespunishable by death by jurisdi!ion, visit: www.hri.global/death-penalty-2021.HRI’s research on the death penalty for drug o&ences excludescountries where drug o&ences are punishable with death only if they involve,or result in, intentional killing. For example, in Saint Lucia (not included in thisreport), the only drug-related o&ence punishable by death is murder committedin conne!ion with drug tra"cking or other drug o&ences.1The death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishmentthat can be imposed following a convi!ion for at lea# certain categoriesof drug o&ences (without regard to the particular circum#ances of theo&ence or the o&ender). Mandatory sentences hamper judicial sentencingdiscretion; thus, according to international human rights #andards, they areinherently arbitrary.21 Article 86(1)(d)(vi), Criminal Code of Saint Lucia (A! 9 of 2004 in force from 1 January 2005).2 UN Human Rights Commi'ee, ‘General Comment 36 on the Right to Life’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36 (3 September 2019),para 37; UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, ‘Including the Que#ions of Disappearances andSummary Executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Al#on’, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2007/5 (22 December 2004),para. 63-4 and 80.Methodology7The numbers that have been included in this report are drawn fromand cross-checked again# o"cial government reports (where available) and#ate-run news agencies; court judgments; non-governmental organisations’(NGO) reports and databases; United Nations (UN) documents; media reports;scholarly articles; and communications with local a!ivi#s and human rightsadvocates, organisations and groups. Unless %ecified, the source for allfigures and information provided in this report is an internal HRI dataset ondeath sentences and executions for drug o&ences, available upon reque#from the authors. Every e&ort has been taken to minimise inaccuracies, butthere is always the potential for error. HRI welcomes information or additionaldata not included in this report.Identifying current drug laws and controlled drugs schedules in somecountries can be challenging due to limited reporting and recording at thenational level, together with language barriers. Some governments make theirlaws available on o"cial websites; others do not. Where it was not possible forHRI to independently verify a %ecific law, the report relies on credible secondarysources.With re%e! to data on death row population, death sentences andexecutions, the margin for error is even greater. In many countries, informationabout the use of the death penalty is shrouded in secrecy, or opaque at be#.For this reason, many of the figures cited in this report cannot be consideredcomprehensive, and in#ead mu# be considered as the minimum number ofconfirmed sentences, executions, or individuals on death row; real numbers arehigher, in some cases significantly so. Where information is incomplete, therehas been an a'empt to identify the gaps. In some cases, information amongsources is discordant due to this lack of tran%arency. In these cases, HRI hasmade a judgement based on available evidence.When the symbol ‘+’ is found next to a number, it means that the reportedfigure refers to the minimum confirmed number, but according to crediblereports the a!ual figure is likely to be higher. Total figures are calculated byusing the minimum confirmed figures.8CategoriesHRI has identified 35 countries and territories that retain the death penaltyfor drug o&ences in law. Only a small number of these countries carry outexecutions for drug o&ences regularly. In fa!, six of these #ates are classifiedby Amne#y International as abolitioni# in pra!ice.3 This means that they havenot carried out executions for any crime in the pa# 10 years (although in somecases death sentences are #ill pronounced), and “are believed to have a policyor e#ablished pra!ice of not carrying out executions.”4 Other countries haveneither sentenced to death nor executed anyone for a drug o&ence, de%itehaving dedicated laws in place.To demon#rate the di&erences between law and pra!ice among #ateswith the death penalty for drug o&ences, HRI categorises countries into highapplication, low application, or symbolic application #ates.3 Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Mauritania, Myanmar, South Korea, and Sri Lanka. See ‘Death Sentences and Executionsin 2020’ (London: Amne#y International, 2021), h'ps://www.amne#y.org/en/documents/a!50/3760/2021/en/.4 Ibid., pag. 58.High Application States are thosein which executions of individualsconvi!ed of drug o&ences werecarried out, and/or at lea# 10drug-related death sentences peryear were imposed in the pa# fiveyears.Low Application States are thosewhere, although no executions fordrug o&ences were carried out inthe pa# five years, death sentencesfor drug o&ences were imposed onnine or fewer individuals in the sameperiod.Symbolic Application States arethose that have the death penalty fordrug o&ences within their legislationbut have not carried out executionsnor sentenced individuals to death fordrug crimes in the pa# five years.A fourth category, insu#cient data,denotes in#ances where there issimply not enough information toclassify the country accurately.9Executive Summary2021 in a SnapshotThe Death Penalty for DrugO&ences at the UnitedNationsThe Death Penalty for DrugO&ences: Global Overview20211216182131364042High Application StatesLow Application StatesSymbolic ApplicationStatesInsu"cient DataOther NationalDevelopmentsContents10 1133High Application1. China2. Indonesia3. Iran4. Malaysia5. North Korea (DPRK)6. Saudi Arabia7. Singapore8. VietnamLow Application9. Bahrain10. Bangladesh11. Brunei Darussalam12. Egypt13. Iraq14. Kuwait15. Lao PDR16. Paki!an17. Sri Lanka18. State of Pale!ine(Gaza)19. Thailand20. United Arab EmiratesSymbolic Application21. Cuba22. India23. Jordan24. Mauritania25. Myanmar26. Oman27. Qatar28. South Korea29. South Sudan30. Sudan31. Taiwan32. United Statesof America33. Libya34. Syria35. Yemen3221151218 133517161927202622242930923316231285117482510Countryby Country34 1412In 2021, 35 countries retain the death penalty for a range of drug o&ences.Civil society had grounds for optimism at the beginning of the year, thanksto some promising developments in 2020: in Singapore, no executions tookplace for the fir# time s [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/death-penalty-2021 ) [473] => Array ( [objectID] => 18520 [title] => Cuba – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1647820800 [date] => 21/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cuba-committee-against-torture-death-penalty-march-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cuba has maintained a de facto moratorium on the imposition of the death penalty since its last reported execution in 2003. In 2010, Cuba's Supreme Court commuted the death sentence of Cuba's last remaining death row inmate. As of the date of this report, there is no record of an individual currently sentenced to death. Although a de facto moratorium is in place, Cuba has not committed to a de jure abolition of the death penalty, citing national security concerns. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org CUBACompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996andThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 73rd Session of the Committee Against Torture19 April–13 May 2022 Submitted 18 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Cuba has maintained a de facto moratorium on the imposition of the death penalty since its last reported execution in 2003. In 2010, Cuba’s Supreme Court commuted the death sentence of Cuba’s last remaining death row inmate. As of the date of this report, there is no record of an individual currently sentenced to death.1 Although a de facto moratorium is in place, Cuba has not committed to a de jure abolition of the death penalty, citing national security concerns.2I. The Cuban Government Refuses to Abolish the Death Penalty (List of Issues Paragraphs 20, 26).2. Noting that there were no convicted prisoners awaiting execution, the Committee in 2012 “remain[ed] concerned about the high number of offences that carry the death penalty, including common crimes and vaguely defined categories of State security-related offences.”33. The Cuban Government’s Third Periodic Report states that “Cuba is against the application of the death penalty and favours abolishing it once the right conditions for doing so are in place. . . . However, the country has been forced, in the legitimate defence of its national security, to choose the path of adopting and enforcing severe laws against terrorist activities and crimes designed to destroy the Cuban State . . . .”44. In its List of issues, the Committee asked whether Cuba will abolish the death penalty andratify the ICCPR and its Second Optional Protocol.5 Although the Cuban Government notes that a de facto moratorium on the death penalty has been in place since 2003, the Cuban government has not committed to a de jure moratorium, abolishing the death penalty, orratifying the ICCPR or its Second Optional Protocol. The Cuban Government has tied abolishing capital punishment to “the cessation of the policy of aggression that the Government of the United States has practised against Cuba . . . .”6 The Cuban Government did not respond directly to the Committee’s concerns about the application of the death penalty to common crimes under the Cuban penal code.a. Cuba does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes (List of Issues Paragraph 26)5. The Committee expressed concern about the number of offenses which carry the death penalty, including common crimes and vaguely defined categories of state security offenses.1 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2020, p. 16, ACT 50/3760/2021, Apr. 21, 2021.2 Committee Against Torture, 3rd periodic report. U.N. Doc. CAT. ¶ 198; State Party Response ¶ 135.3 Committee Against Torture, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, (June 25, 2012), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/CO/2, ¶¶ 1-33 [hereinafter “2012 Concluding Observations”].4 Committee Against Torture, Third periodic report submitted by Cuba under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2016, (Oct. 19, 2018), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/3, ¶¶ 1-303 [hereinafter “2018 State Party Report”].5 Committee Against Torture, List of issues in relation to the submission of the third periodic report of Cuba, (Dec. 19, 2019), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/Q/3, ¶¶ 1-37 [hereinafter “2019 List of Issues”].6 Committee Against Torture, Replies of Cuba to the list of issues in relation to its third period report, (Feb. 11, 2020), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/RQ/3, ¶¶ 1-171 [hereinafter “2020 State Party Response”].36. The Cuban Penal Code authorizes capital punishment for certain crimes. Notably, there is nomandatory death penalty for any offense; alternative sentencings are available for any capital offense.77. Crimes punishable by death include: aggravated murder, terrorism-related offenses, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, treason, espionage, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, working as a mercenary, piracy, apartheid, pedophilia, corruption of minors (introducing a minor into prostitution, homosexuality, or criminal behavior).88. Cuba has asserted that the death penalty is “imposed only. . . in the most serious cases.”9Despite the Cuban Government’s assertions, the Cuban penal code does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes. Most of the crimes listed in the previous paragraph do not involve the intentional killing of a person by the person at risk of being sentenced to death. 9. A public opinion survey conducted in 2016 indicates support among Cuban citizens for abolishing the death penalty. Of those surveyed, 52% favored abolition. Only 13% of respondents supported retaining the death penalty as it exists in the Cuban penal code. The remaining respondents believed the penal code should be amended to restrict the death penalty to only the most serious of crimes.10b. Cuba does not ensure that all individuals have access to fundamental legal safeguards in criminal proceedings (List of Issues Paragraph 20)10. Although legally a defendant has the right to hire an attorney at any time and is legally entitled to a public defender once formal charges are filed,11 the Committee has expressed concern regarding these legal safeguards available to individuals who are in detention. The Committee requested Cuba provide information on the measures adopted to eliminate any unjustified restrictions on lawyers visits to persons deprived of their liberty.1211. The Cuban Government provided a generic response to the Committee, stating, “[t]he Prison System Regulations recognize the right of inmates . . . to meet with their lawyers and receive legal assistance . . . and consular visits in the case of foreigners and authorized Cubans residing abroad, upon request from diplomatic headquarters. These rights are guaranteed.”13 The Cuban Government failed to provide additional information regarding the measures taken to specifically guarantee these legal safeguards with respect to people in detention generally, and to people who are at risk of being sentenced to death.12. Cuba emphasizes generally that no one has been executed since 2003. It should be noted, however, that Cuba’s last execution in 2003 drew international concern regarding the lack of legal safeguards afforded to the people the government executed. Despite a brief de facto moratorium on the death penalty at the time, the Cuban Government elected to execute three 7Cuba Law No. 87, art. 30, 1999; Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, “Death Penalty Database: Cuba”, accessed March 11, 2022, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=cuba [hereinafter “Cornell Center on the Death Penalty”]8 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty.9 2018 State Party Report, ¶ 200.10 https://havanatimes.org/opinion/what-do-cubans-think-about-the-death-penalty/11 U.S. Department of State, 2009 Human Rights Report: Cuba, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136108.htm, Mar. 11, 2010.12 2019 List of Issues, ¶ 20,13 2020 State Party Response, ¶ 110.4men convicted of terrorism. The three men reportedly hijacked a Cuban ferry carrying several dozen passengers and sought to force it go to the United States. The incident occurred without bloodshed despite an armed standoff with Cuban security forces. The three men later stood trial for terrorism and were sentenced to death by firing squad less than a week after their trial began. The international community expressed concern that death sentences pronounced after an inadequate and unfair judicial process signaled that the Cuban Government’s respect for human rights was eroding.1413. Despite the Cuban Government’s assertion that certain due process rights are guaranteed to all detained individuals, there are reports of individuals, particularly political prisoners, who are denied due process guarantees.1514. The Cuban Government punishes dissent and public criticism of the government, the judicial system, and the penal code. Reports persist of the Cuban Government’s use of arbitrary detention to harass, intimidate, and torture its critics, independent activists, and political opponents. In 2016, reports of arbitrary detention reached an average of 827 detentions a month. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cuba ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Cuba-CAT-death-penalty.pdf ) [474] => Array ( [objectID] => 18619 [title] => Iraq – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1647561600 [date] => 18/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-committee-against-torture-death-penalty-march-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides an update to the coauthors' report at the List of issues stage and responds to the State party's responses to the Committee's questions in the List of issues that touch on the death penalty. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org IRAQCompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment:The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996and The World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 73rd Session of the Committee against Torture 19 April–13 May 2022Submitted 18 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report provides an update to the coauthors’ report at the List of issues stage1and responds to the State party’s responses to the Committee’s questions in the List of issues that touch on the death penalty.Iraq fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture with respect to the death penalty (List of issues paragraph 26, art. 16)2. The Committee in its List of issues inquired as to “whether the State party has reconsidered its position regarding the possibility of abolishing the death penalty and, in the meantime, establishing a moratorium on executions.”23. In response to the List of issues, the Iraqi Government asserted that its use of the death penalty “is restricted to the most serious offences; those that affect the right to life or the peace and security of society.”3 The Iraqi Government added that its use of the death penalty “has been reduced to a limited number of offences defined by law”44. As described in greater detail in the coauthors’ previous report, Iraq retains the death penalty for a wide range of offenses, most of which do not involve an intentional killing on the part of the person being sentenced to death.55. In November 2020, the Special Rapporteur on Torture, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights while countering terrorism, and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions issued a statement expressing their alarm at reports that since October 2020, Iraqi authorities had “reportedly initiated a wave of executions of prisoners on death row at the Nasiriyah central prison (also known as al-Hoot prison). Twenty-one were executed during October, followed by another 21 on 16 November alone, in what seems to be part of a larger plan to execute all prisoners on death row.”6 The experts estimated that approximately 4,000 people were on death row, most of whom had been 1 The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iraq’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Suggested List of Issues Relating to the Death Penalty, June 22, 2020, https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/res/byid/8729.2 Committee Against Torture, List of issues in relation to the second periodic report of Iraq, (23 Dec. 2020), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/IRQ/Q/2, ¶ 26.3 Committee Against Torture, Replies of Iraq to the list of issues in relation to its second periodic report, (18 Jan. 2022), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/IRQ/RQ/2, ¶ 166.4 Committee Against Torture, Replies of Iraq to the list of issues in relation to its second periodic report, (18 Jan. 2022), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/IRQ/RQ/2, ¶ 166.5 The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iraq’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Suggested List of Issues Relating to the Death Penalty, June 22, 2020, ¶¶ 4-7,https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/res/byid/8729.6Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.3charged with terrorism-related offenses.7 According to the statement, “hundreds of deaths were now imminent after their execution orders had been signed-off.”86. The UN experts also described “serious human rights concerns” regarding Iraq’s AntiTerrorism law no. 13 of 2005, which includes a “vague and overly broad definition of terrorism. Under the law, an individual can face trial on terrorism charges and can be sentenced to death for a non-violent crime committed without intent to terrorize the population. Furthermore, when rendering punishment, no distinction is made between different levels of participation, involvement and responsibility in terrorist acts and no assessment is made based on the severity of the act.”97. Despite concerns from UN experts, Iraq has continued to step up the pace of executions. In December 2020, authorities executed three people who had been convicted of “terrorism” offenses.10 Iraq carried out at least 45 executions in 2020, according to Amnesty International.118. Iraqi authorities tend to step up executions in response to political pressure. For example, after an attack by the “Islamic State” in January 2021, Iraqi authorities disclosed that they were prepared to carry out more than 340 execution orders for “terrorist or criminal acts.”12 In response to public calls for revenge after the attack, President Barham Salih had ratified these death sentences.13 In late January 2021, authorities executed three people convicted of “terrorism.”14 In February 2021, Iraqi authorities conducted another mass execution, this time of five men who had been convicted of terrorism-related offenses.15 They held another mass 7Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.8Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.9Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.10 Report: Iraq hangs three men on ‘terrorism’ charges, Agence France Presse, i24 News, Dec. 14, 2021, https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/middle-east/the-gulf/1639485344-report-iraq-hangs-three-men-on-terrorismcharges.11 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 (2021), at 9, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2021-04/DEATH%20SENTENCES%20AND%20EXECUTIONS%202020%20Web%20%281%29.pdf?VersionId=8oYJ0oZFmsKrV67.bYSCX1NHvBNSxAYZ.12 Iraq executes five men convicted of terrorism, Arab Weekly, Feb. 10, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqexecutes-five-men-convicted-terrorism; Fears of Iraq execution spree after Daesh attack, Arab News, Jan. 25, 2021, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1797941/middle-east.13 Sinan Mahmoud, Iraq authorizes mass execution of militants and criminals after ISIS bombings, National, Jan. 26, 2021, https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/iraq-authorises-mass-execution-of-militants-and-criminalsafter-isis-bombings-1.1152541.14 Iraq executes five men convicted of terrorism, Arab Weekly, Feb. 10, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqexecutes-five-men-convicted-terrorism.15 Iraq executes five men convicted of terrorism, Arab Weekly, Feb. 10, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqexecutes-five-men-convicted-terrorism.4execution in August 2021, hanging six people, three of whom had been sentenced to death for terrorism-related offenses.169. Iraqi courts continue to sentence people to death, with at least 27 death sentences in 2020 alone.17 The Iraqi Ministry of Justice reported to the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq that as of November 2020, it was holding 11,595 persons in its facilities under sentence of death.1810. In many cases, the defendants are not alleged to have carried out an intentional killing. For example, in February 2022, an Iraqi court sentenced two people to death for providing “false intelligence” to the police that ultimately resulted in a raid of a home, during which security forces opened fire and killed 20 people.1911. The Government of Iraq further responded that it had reinstated the death penalty “as a way of preserving community peace,” because the country is “faced with the serious crimes threatening the peace of society committed by terrorist bands” and considers the death penalty “to constitute a deterrent.”2012. The G [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Iraq-CAT-Death-Penalty-FINAL-1.pdf ) [475] => Array ( [objectID] => 18523 [title] => Kenya – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1647561600 [date] => 18/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kenyas-compliance-with-the-convention-against-torture-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kenya has not carried out any executions since the late 1980s. Nonetheless, Kenya continues to hand down the death penalty as a sentence in criminal cases. Accordingly, this report recommends that the Committee Against Torture recommend that Kenya formally abolish the death penalty, commute the sentences of all persons on death row, and revise laws to remove capital punishment from the list of principal sentences. Kenya should further take steps to prohibit introduction of evidence obtained through torture and ill-treatment in criminal proceedings and to ensure that all persons at risk of being sentenced to death have access to well-qualified legal counsel with adequate funding for a thorough pre-trial investigation. Kenya should ensure that no person is removed to a country where they may be at risk of being sentenced to death, and should take concrete steps to ensure that conditions of detention for persons under sentence of death comply with the Nelson Mandela Rules. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org KENYACompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty andthe International Commission of Jurists Kenyafor the 73rd Session of the Committee against Torture 19 April–13 May 2022Submitted 18 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.ICJ Kenya is a non-governmental, non-profit and a member-based organization. Established in 1959, ICJ Kenya is the only autonomous national section of ICJ based in Geneva, Switzerland. ICJ Kenya is registered as a Society under the Societies Act, Chapter 108, Laws of Kenya. The organization has a membership drawn from the Bar and the Bench. ICJ Kenya seeks to promote a just, free and equitable society. ICJ Kenya is a member of the World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) SOS-Torture Network and the East African Coalition on the Abolition of the Death Penalty. ICJ Kenya has observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ rights.2The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) is a premier and flagship Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in Africa with a mandate of enhancing human rights centered governance at all levels, a vision of a society of free people and a mission to root human dignity, freedoms and social justice in Kenya and beyond. KHRC works with more than thirty Human Rights Networks (HURINETs) and other grassroots community organizations based in more than thirty counties in Kenya; partners with more than thirty national level state- and non-state actors and coalitions; and more than fifty sub-regional, regional and international human rights organizations and networks.The KHRC has been recognized for countless and remarkable accomplishments, including but not limited to sustaining tenacity, resilience and commitment to provide the requisite political and technical responses and leadership to key human rights, governance and transitional justice issues at all the levels in society, building rights movement through facilitation of communitybased human rights networks and incubation and support of nascent human rights organizations at National, Regional and International level. KHRC’s work around abolition of the death penalty has entailed policy, advocacy and legal interventions that are aimed at complete abolition of the death penalty in Kenya. To this end, KHRC has been able to advocate for complete abolition of the death penalty at the National and Transnational level. KHRC is a member of the world coalition against the Death Penalty.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Kenya has not carried out any executions since the late 1980s. Nonetheless, Kenya continuesto hand down the death penalty as a sentence in criminal cases. Accordingly, this report recommends that the Committee Against Torture recommend that Kenya formally abolish the death penalty, commute the sentences of all persons on death row, and revise laws to remove capital punishment from the list of principal sentences. Kenya should further take steps to prohibit introduction of evidence obtained through torture and ill-treatment in criminal proceedings and to ensure that all persons at risk of being sentenced to death have access to well-qualified legal counsel with adequate funding for a thorough pre-trial investigation. Kenya should ensure that no person is removed to a country where they may be at risk of being sentenced to death, and should take concrete steps to ensure that conditions of detention for persons under sentence of death comply with the Nelson Mandela Rules.Kenya fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentI. Death Penalty (arts. 2 and 16)2. In its 2013 Concluding Observations, the Committee expressed concern about legal uncertainty of the death penalty following judgments from the High Court, about the high number of death sentences, including for minor offences, and the conditions of the 1,600 persons on death row at the time. The Committee recommended that Kenya reconsider the possibility of abolishing the death penalty and also recommended that Kenya “ensure that all persons on death row are treated humanely.” The Committee also encouraged Kenyan authorities to “support the efforts of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights to conduct a survey and awarenessraising measures regarding public opinion on the death penalty.”13. In its List of issues prior to submission of the third periodic report of Kenya, the Committeedid not specifically reference the death penalty but raised several issues relevant to people at risk of being sentenced to death and to people who are on death row.4. Kenyan law authorizes the death penalty for several crimes, including murder, administering an oath purporting to bind a person to commit a capital offense, robbery and attempted robbery with violence (not resulting in death), treason, and several military offenses not resulting in death.25. Kenya has not carried out an execution since 1987.3In recent years, Kenya has commuted thousands of death sentences by presidential decree. In 2016, President Kenyatta commuted the death sentences of all prisoners on death row.4 Kenya has continued some commutations 1 Committee against Torture, Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Kenya, (19 June 2013), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/KEN/CO/2, ¶ 33.2 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Kenya, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=38 (last visited Mar. 12, 2022).3 Mary Kulundu, “No, Kenya is not introducing the death penalty for wildlife poachers,” Fact Check, available at https://factcheck.afp.com/no-kenya-not-introducing-death-penalty-wildlife-poachers (last updated February 7, 2020). 4“President Commutes All Death Sentences in Kenya,” Death Penalty Information Center, available at https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/president-commutes-all-death-sentences-in-kenya (published October 27, 2016). 4during the COVID-19 pandemic.5 Nonetheless, authorities sentenced at least 29 people to death in 2019, continued to sentence people to death in 2020, and as of the end of 2020, at least 1,000 people were on death row.66. The Supreme Court of Kenya in 2017 issued a landmark decision striking down the mandatory death penalty for murder. The case, entitled Francis Karioko Muruatetu and Another v. Republic,7 has important implications for access to justice in the sentencing process for all Kenyans under sentence of death. 7. In Muruatetu, the petitioners had been convicted of murder and given the then-mandatory sentence of death. The Court held that the mandatory death penalty for murder convictions was unconstitutional.8 The Court found that the mandatory death sentence deprived judges of their right to consider mitigating circumstances, and deprived convicted persons of their right to appeal their sentences. The Court further held that the mandatory death sentence was an unfair and unjust procedure for the termination of life.9In rendering its decision, the Court concluded that the mandatory death penalty violated a person’s right to dignity, justice, and equality.108. Following the Muruatetu decision, the Court gave public agencies a year to prepare a plan for resentencing hearings for persons sentenced to death for murder.11 The national assembly and senate were also directed to draw up amendments to the law to comport with the Muruatetudecision. Progress on all fronts has been very slow. In the interim, lower courts have been confused as to how to deal with sentencing and applying their own interpretations of the decision.129. The attorney general’s task force recommendations in the wake of Muruatetu stated that the death penalty should be reserved “for the rarest of rare cases involving intentional and aggravated acts of killing.”13 Nonetheless, as discussed in paragraph 4 above, Kenyan law authorizes the death penalty for crimes that do not involve an intentional killing by the person who is eligible for the death penalty.10. In July 2021, the Supreme Court concluded that the national assembly, senate, attorney general, and the Kenya law reform commission had failed to meet the court’s deadline for revisions to 5“Covid-19: Calling for a Worldwide Moratorium on the Death Penalty Du [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kenya-CAT-Death-Penalty.pdf ) [476] => Array ( [objectID] => 18373 [title] => Middle East and North Africa: Abolitionist civil societies in full swing despite a difficult context [timestamp] => 1644883200 [date] => 15/02/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mena-death-penalty-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the publication of the Human Rights Watch World Report 2022, the World Coalition looks back at recent developments and civil society mobilization against the death penalty in the Arab world. [texte] => On the occasion of the publication of the Human Rights Watch World Report 2022, the World Coalition looks back at recent developments and civil society mobilization against the death penalty in the Arab world. (more…) "Middle East and North Africa: Abolitionist civil societies in full swing despite a difficult context" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Egypt [2] => Iraq [3] => Morocco [4] => Saudi Arabia [5] => State of Palestine [6] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Moratorium [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [477] => Array ( [objectID] => 18344 [title] => The Status Quo of China’s Death Penalty and the Civil Society Abolitionist Movement [timestamp] => 1644883200 [date] => 15/02/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/china-death-penalty-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/death-penalty-in-china-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Translation of an article on the death penalty in China for the Beijing Olympics 2022, initially published by Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty in October 2021 for World Day. [texte] => Translation of an article on the death penalty in China for the Beijing Olympics 2022, initially published by Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty in October 2021 for World Day. (more…) "The Status Quo of China’s Death Penalty and the Civil Society Abolitionist Movement" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [478] => Array ( [objectID] => 18300 [title] => Death Penalty in India – Annual Statistics Report 2021 [timestamp] => 1643932800 [date] => 04/02/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Project 39A at the National Law University, Delhi published the sixth edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report which provides an annual update on the use of the death penalty in India along with legislative and international developments on the issue. As on 31st December 2021, there were 488 prisoners on death row across India (a steep rise of nearly 21% from 2020), with Uttar Pradesh having the highest number at 86. This is the highest the death row population has been since 2004 as per the data from the Prison Statistics published by the National Crime Records Bureau. [texte] => DEATH PENALTYIN INDIA2021AnnualStatisticsReport12LIST OFCONTRIBUTORSPUBLISHED BYProject 39ANational Law University, DelhiSector 14, DwarkaNew Delhi 110078Published in January 2022National Law University, Delhi 2022All rights reservedWRITINGHrishika JainAdrĳa GhoshRESEARCH ASSISTANCEAshna DevaprasadDESIGNJameela AhmedINDEXList of Contributors 2Foreword 6Overview of Developments in 2021 7Cumulative Figures on Persons Sentenced to Death 9State-Wise Distribution of Persons on Death Row 10Death Penalty Cases 2021 11Sessions Courts in 2021 12Number of Death Sentences Imposed bySessions Courts 12State-Wise Distribution of Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts 13Nature of Offences for Those Sentenced toDeath by Sessions Courts 15Death Penalty in Cases of Sexual Offences 17High Courts in 2021 21Nature of Offences in the High Courts in 2021 23Sentences Imposed by High Courts onCommutation of Death Sentence 25High Court Confirmations in 2021 26High Court Commutations in 2021 28High Court Acquittals in 2021 35High Court Remitted Cases in 2021 40Supreme Court in 2021 41Nature of Offences in the Supreme Court in 2021 43Supreme Court Sentences Imposed onCommutation of Death Sentence 45Supreme Court Acquittals in 2021 46Supreme Court Commutations in 2021 47Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions in 2021 49Commutations 50Acquittals 54Legislative Developments 56International Developments 58Final Observations 60Corrections to Annual Statistics 6256This is the sixth edition of the Death Penalty in India: AnnualStatistics Report. The implementation of the death penalty in Indiahas seen significant shifts over the course of the last six years.With 488 prisoners under the sentence of death at the end of 2021,this is the highest number of persons on death row since we startedmaintaining these records. This is attributable to the trial courtsimposing death sentences at pre-pandemic levels but appellatecourts deciding far fewer death sentence cases. In the last six years,2020 had the lowest number of death sentences imposed by trialcourts (78) due to the pandemic. However, 2021 saw a sharpincrease to nearly double that number at 144. Appellate courtsdecided far fewer matters compared to previous years, with theHigh Courts deciding 39 matters (76 in 2019) and the Supreme Courtdeciding 6 (28 in 2019). It must also be mentioned that 2021 is thefirst year since we started publishing the annual statistics that theSupreme Court did not uphold a single death sentence.As with our previous editions, we have kept up our efforts toimprovise and innovate our data collection methods to plug variousgaps that exist. We continue to rely on news reports of deathsentences imposed by trial courts across English and Hindi onlinenews outlets, which are then verified against judgments uploaded onHigh Court and district court websites.Exceptional contributions by Ashna Devaprasad (V-year, NUALSKochi) were instrumental in compiling the statistics for the presentreport. In addition, the tireless efforts of Anushree Verma, AyanGupta, V. Shanthan Reddy, and Tanishka Goswami in verifying thedata made the timely publication of this report possible. We alsothank Samriddha Sen (V-year, Department of Law, University ofCalcutta) for the research assistance provided.None of this would have been possible without the efforts of VarshaSharma and Pritam Raman Giriya who were instrumental in thedevelopment of the original directory and publication of previousreports. Lubhyathi Rangarajan, Peter John, Poornima Rajeshwar,Rahul Raman, Neetika Vishwanath, Preeti Pratishruti Dash, GaleAndrew, and Aishwarya Mohanty have played key roles in authoringprevious editions of the report.FOREWORD72021 saw the highest number of prisoners on death row at the endof the year since 2016 at 488, an increase of nearly 21% from 2020.When compared with data from the Prison Statistics of India reportsreleased by the National Crime Records Bureau, this is the highestthe death row population has been since 2004, when it was 563.Although 2020 had the lowest number of death sentences imposedby trial courts in six years at 78 due to the pandemic, 2021 saw asharp increase to nearly double that at 144. However, appellatecourts decided far fewer matters, with High Courts deciding 39matters in 2021 and 31 matters in 2020 compared to 76 in 2019. InSeptember 2021, the Supreme Court listed death sentence matterson priority, and ultimately decided six matters in 2021, compared to11 in 2020 and 28 in 2019. The limited functioning of appellate courtsin both 2020 and 2021 meant fewer appeals of prisoners sentencedto death being decided, and a far greater number of prisonersremaining on death row at the end of the year.Out of the 39 cases decided by High Courts, four resulted inconfirmation of the death sentences, 18 in commutation to lifeimprisonment, 15 in acquittal of all charges, and two cases wereremitted to the trial court. The Supreme Court did not confirm anydeath sentences in 2021. Four prisoners in two cases were acquittedof murder simpliciter and dacoity with murder respectively. Thedeath sentences of five prisoners were commuted in four cases, twocases being that of murder involving sexual offences, while the othertwo were of murder simpliciter.Murder simpliciter accounted for a majority of the death sentencesimposed by trial courts in 2021 at 62 out of 144 death sentences,compared to 48 death sentences for cases involving sexualoffences. However, these 48 death sentences were imposed in 45cases of sexual violence1 while the 62 death sentences for murdersimpliciter were imposed in 34 cases. Therefore, sexual offencesaccounted for 54.21% of all cases that resulted in a deathsentence. This indicates that sexual violence cases continue toOVERVIEW OFDEVELOPMENTS IN 20211 Sexual violence cases include homicidal and non-homicidal sexual offences, i.e., Murder involving Sexual Offences and Child Rapewithout Murder.Overview of Developments In 20218Overview of Developments In 2021heavily influence the implementation of death penalty in India, evenif the proportion of sexual violence cases has decreased from thatof 2019 and 2020 when it was at 61.62% and 59.67% respectively.The death penalty was introduced by both the Punjab and MadhyaPradesh legislature in March 2021 and August 2021 respectively, forthe offence of causing deaths by the sale or manufacture ofspurious liquor. For the first time in six years, the death penalty wasimposed by a trial court for dealing in spurious liquor, with nineprisoners sentenced to death in one case under the Bihar Prohibitionand Excise Act, 2016. Maharashtra’s state legislature unanimouslyapproved a bill introducing the death penalty for ‘heinous’ offencesof rape and gangrape. The Ministry of Women & Child Developmentalso introduced a bill that imposes capital punishment for repeataggravated trafficking crimes involving children and women.92 The status of two prisoners sentenced to death in previous years remains unclear from publicly available records.No. of Prisoners on Death Row2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212as on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberCUMULATIVE FIGURES ONPERSONS SENTENCED TO DEATH488378 4044263664001011 Jammu & Kashmir391561893741281818141381131253837308618Himachal PradeshPunjabHaryanaDelhi (NCT)RajasthanGujaratMadhya PradeshMaharashtraKarnatakaTamil NaduKeralaAndhra PradeshTelanganaChhattisgarhOdishaManipurAssamTripuraWest BengalBiharJharkhandUttar PradeshUttarakhand488 Prisoners sentencedto death as on 31stDecember 2021Number of persons currently on death row0 86STATE-WISE DISTRIBUTIONOF PERSONS ON DEATH ROW113 In the format of Prisoners (Cases).DEATH PENALTY CASES 202130 5 4SUPREME COURTHIGH COURTSSESSIONS COURTS06 2114429 2(4)(5) (18) (15) (2)(2)Death SentencesConfirmationsCommutationsAcquittalsRemitted12SESSIONS COURTS IN 2021Number of Death Sentences Imposed by Sessions Courts1532016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021110 163 104 78 14413STATE-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHSENTENCES IMPOSED BY SESSIONS COURTSUttar PradeshAndhra PradeshMadhya PradeshJharkhandBiharOdishaUttarakhandWest BengalTamil NaduRajasthanGujaratHaryana20162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202133 20 15 12 13 340 1 4 0 3 1314 6 22 11 6 53 3 9 8 5 422 11 5 7 3 270 0 9 5 0 91 1 7 2 0 536 7 5 8 9 43 13 12 3 6 156 8 14 14 4 73 0 3 2 3 42 6 2 0 2 314TotalDeathSentencesHimachal PradeshDelhi (NCT)TripuraMaharashtraManipurJammu & KashmirTelanganaChhattisgarhPunjabKeralaAssamKarnataka20162016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212017 2018 2019 2020 2021153 110 163 104 78 1440 0 3 0 0 02 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 2 213 22 16 7 4 30 0 1 1 1 00 1 0 0 0 16 0 2 1 6 11 1 3 1 0 20 6 4 2 2 04 2 5 4 0 10 0 6 4 3 14 2 15 11 5 215NATURE OF OFFENCES FOR THOSESENTENCED TO DEATH BY SESSIONSCOURTS4 In one case involving one prisoner, the details of the nature of offence are unavailable.5 In one case involving one prisoner, the details of the nature of offence are unavailable.6 In one case involving one prisoner, the details of the nature of offence are unavailable.Murder involvingSexual Offences2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212793552715543684524044624415252016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021MurderSimpliciterTerror Offences4 5 6665544167 The offence involved the sale of spurious liquor which took the lives of 19 people and resulted in the loss of eyesight of six others.261010182140060000404009124091010002016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212016 2 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/annual-statistics-page-2021 ) [479] => Array ( [objectID] => 18561 [title] => Malawi – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – January 2022 [timestamp] => 1643587200 [date] => 31/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malawi-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-january-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detention conditions for women in Malawi are crowded, and women in prisons are not given adequate food and nutrition. Specifically, many prisons only serve people with one meal a day, often consisting of a maize meal (nsima) and peas or beans. Overcrowded conditions are a particular concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, when risk of transmission of the disease is high. Prison conditions in Malawi amount to inhuman and degrading treatment.Women in death penalty proceedings in Malawi lack access to qualified legal representation. Defense advocates in Malawi who are assigned to capital cases often lack relevant experience. In at least one case, a lawyer failed to raise the complete defense of self-defense in representing a woman who killed her husband as a result of a long history of domestic abuse. Had the defense been raised, it is possible that the woman would not have been sentenced to death. Moreover, women from poor and marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by the death penalty because when they are accused of crimes, they are often unable to understand the charges against them because they are illiterate and cannot read the complaint against them. They are also unable to retain private counsel.Women who face extensive gender-based violence are disproportionately affected by the death penalty in Malawi, including those who seek to protect themselves against their abusers. Long histories of gender-based violence can result in complex trauma and can exacerbate psycho-social or intellectual disabilities, yet sentencing courts fail to take these nefarious effects into account as factors in mitigation of a death sentence. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Malawi’s Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenSuggested List of Issues Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyandReprievea non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOCfor the Pre-Sessional Working Group of the 83rd Session of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women28 February – 04 March 2022Submitted 31 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty in in effect. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. Reprieve is a charitable organization registered in the United Kingdom (No. 1114900), with special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). 2Reprieve provides free legal and investigative support to those who have been subjected to statesponsored human rights abuses. Reprieve’s clients belong to some of the most vulnerable populations in the world, as it is in their cases that human rights are most swiftly jettisoned and the rule of law is cast aside. In particular, Reprieve protects the rights of those facing the death penalty and delivers justice to victims of arbitrary detention, torture, and extrajudicial execution.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report suggests questions that the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women should raise to the government of Malawi in its List of Issues, particularly with respect to the death penalty. 2. Detention conditions for women in Malawi are crowded, and women in prisons are not given adequate food and nutrition. Specifically, many prisons only serve people with one meal a day, often consisting of a maize meal (nsima) and peas or beans. Overcrowded conditions are a particular concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, when risk of transmission of the disease is high. Prison conditions in Malawi amount to inhuman and degrading treatment.3. Women in death penalty proceedings in Malawi lack access to qualified legal representation. Defense advocates in Malawi who are assigned to capital cases often lack relevant experience. In at least one case, a lawyer failed to raise the complete defense of self-defense in representing a woman who killed her husband as a result of a long history of domestic abuse. Had the defense been raised, it is possible that the woman would not have been sentenced to death. Moreover, women from poor and marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by the death penalty because when they are accused of crimes, they are often unable to understand the charges against them because they are illiterate and cannot read the complaint against them. They are also unable to retain private counsel.4. Women who face extensive gender-based violence are disproportionately affected by the death penalty in Malawi, including those who seek to protect themselves against their abusers. Long histories of gender-based violence can result in complex trauma and can exacerbate psychosocial or intellectual disabilities, yet sentencing courts fail to take these nefarious effects into account as factors in mitigation of a death sentence.Malawi fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women5. Malawi is an “abolitionist in practice” state with regard to the death penalty.1 Since 1994, Malawi has had a de facto moratorium on executions.2 Malawian courts nonetheless continue to issue death sentences. Amnesty International reports that as of the end of 2020, 27 prisoners were on death row.3 There is currently one woman under the sentence of death in Malawi.46. In 2007, Malawi’s Supreme Court abolished the mandatory death penalty on the grounds that it violated the accused’s constitutional rights to a fair trial and access to justice.5 This judgment 1 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, p. 58, Apr. 21, 2021. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.2 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner, Comment by UN Human Rights Spokesperson Marta Hurtado on Malawi’s death penalty reinstatement, 26 Aug. 2021. Available online at https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27411&LangID=E3 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.4 Reprieve, World Day—Women Sentenced to Death: An Invisible Reality (30 Sept. 2021) (on file with authors). 5 World Justice Project, Malawi Resentencing Project. Available online at https://worldjusticeproject.org/ourwork/programs/malawi-resentencing-project4allowed for many people under sentence of death to seek reduced sentences based on mitigating factors that courts had not previously been able to consider.67. In April 2021, Malawi’s Supreme Court in Khoviwa v. The Republic ruled that all people sentenced to the mandatory death penalty who had previously been barred from resentencing must be given a new sentencing hearing immediately.7I. The Malawian Government has failed to improve prison conditions for women under the sentence of death. 8. There is currently one woman, S.J., under the sentence of death in Malawi.8 She is being held in the Domasi Prison, where the prison conditions remain similar to those of Maula Prison, which is where the Special Rapporteur on the right to food visited from 12 to 22 July 2013.9Much like the Maula Prison, the Domasi Prison lacks adequate and nutritional food for the prisoners. Most prisoners still only receive one daily meal made up of the traditional Malawian maize meal (nsima) and beans or peas due to budget constraints. S.J. reports that there is no variety in her diet, which significantly affects her health.10 Malawian prison conditions amount to inhuman and degrading treatment. In Malawi, the average life expectancy for those in prison is a mere 10 years.119. S.J. is separated from the women’s general prison population in de facto solitary confinementand reports feeling isolated.12 Though there are no reports of a difference in treatment between women under sentence of death and women serving other sentences, the Malawian prison conditions are nevertheless bleak.1310. There are several reports of severe overcrowding in Malawi’s prisons.14 In Domasi women’s prison, there is little privacy—small windowless cement cells hold two to six women at a time, 6 World Justice Project, Malawi Resentencing Project. Available online at https://worldjusticeproject.org/ourwork/programs/malawi-resentencing-project7 Reprieve, Malawi just abolished the death penalty, 6 May 2021. Available online at https://reprieve.org/us/2021/05/06/malawi-just-abolished-the-death-penalty/. The April 2021 judgment also ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional, ibid, but in August 2021, the Supreme Court reversed that part of the April decision, deeming it an “unperfected” decision reflecting the views of a single justice. The “perfected” judgment in Khoviwa reinstated the death penalty but reiterated the judgment from April calling for immediate resentencing hearings. Death Penalty Information Center, “Malawi Supreme Court Retreats from Opinion that Declared the Death Penalty Unconstitutional,” 24 Aug. 2021. Available online at https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/malawi-supremecourt-retreats-from-opinion-that-declared-the-death-penalty-unconstitutional.8 The authors have permission from S.J. to discuss the details of her case in this report. 9 Reprieve, Correspondence from Chipiliro Lulanga (on file with authors); United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter: Mission to Malawi, A/HRC/25/57/Add.1, 24 January 2014. Available online at https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session25/Documents [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Malawi-CEDAW-Death-Penalty-FINAL.pdf ) [480] => Array ( [objectID] => 18553 [title] => Qatar – Human Rights Committee – Death Penalty – January 2022 [timestamp] => 1643587200 [date] => 31/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/qatar-human-rights-committee-death-penalty-january-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Qatar had been maintaining a de facto moratorium on executions since 2000, but courts continued to sentence people to death. In 2020, however, Qatar executed a Nepali migrant worker by firing squad. Qatar's death penalty practices are not in compliance with the Covenant. Qatar does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes, it is not taking steps toward a de jure moratorium on executions or ratification of the Second Optional Protocol, and it does not ensure that defendants in capital cases have a fair trial. Recent history suggests that a migrant worker may be more likely to be sentenced to death and executed for killing a Qatari national, as opposed to a non-citizen. Migrant workers are particularly vulnerable in the context of the country's criminal legal system. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Qatar’s Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996andThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 134th Session of the UN Human Rights Committee28 February–25 March 2022Submitted 31 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Qatar had been maintaining a de facto moratorium on executions since 2000, but courts continued to sentence people to death. In 2020, however, Qatar executed a Nepali migrant worker by firing squad.1 Qatar’s death penalty practices are not in compliance with the Covenant. Qatar does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes, it is not taking steps toward a de jure moratorium on executions or ratification of the Second Optional Protocol, and it does not ensure that defendants in capital cases have a fair trial. Recent history suggests that a migrant worker may be more likely to be sentenced to death and executed for killing a Qatari national, as opposed to a non-citizen. Migrant workers are particularly vulnerable in the context of the country’s criminal legal system.Qatar fails to uphold its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsI. Qatar’s death penalty practices are not in compliance with Articles 6 and 7 of the Covenant (List of Issues Paragraph 10).2. The Committee requested “additional information about the safeguards in place to ensure that the use of the death penalty in [Qatar] is compliant with the requirements of the Covenant . . . .”2 Qatar asserts that “Legislators have set tight controls on the application of the death penalty whereby its use is restricted within strict limits. This is consistent with article 6 of the Covenant and with the Committee’s general comment No. 36 on the right to life.”33. Qatari courts sentenced at least one person to death in 2018, at least two people in 2019, and at least four people in 2020. Qatar carried out one execution in 2020.4 Prior to 2020, Qatar’s last known execution took place in 2000.5a. Qatar does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes.4. The Committee also asked for information about which crimes carry the death penalty and whether such provisions are compatible with the Covenant.65. Despite Qatar’s assertions (see paragraph 2 above), Qatar does not limit the death penalty to intentional killings. Qatar is a constitutional monarchy in which Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani exercises full executive power. Sharia or Islamic law is a primary source of legislation. The Qatari penal code, contained in Law No. 11 of 2004, as amended, stipulates 1 Amnesty International Report 2020/21 on Qatar https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-northafrica/qatar/report-qatar/.2 Human Rights Committee, List of issues in relation to the initial report of Qatar, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/Q/1, (24 Aug. 2020), ¶ 10.3 Human Rights Committee, Replies of Qatar to the list of issues in relation to its initial report, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/RQ/1, (8 Apr. 2021), ¶ 41.4 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Qatar, last visited Jan. 27, 2022, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=59.5 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 (2021), at 43, available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ACT5037602021ENGLISH.pdf.6 Human Rights Committee, List of issues in relation to the initial report of Qatar, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/Q/1, (24 Aug. 2020), ¶ 10.3that crimes punishable by the death penalty include murder,7abduction leading to death,811 terrorism-related offenses,9rape,10 incest,11 repeat drug trafficking offenses, treason,12espionage,13 extortion by threat of accusation of a crime of honor, such as adultery or fornication, and giving false witness with the consequence of inflicting capital punishment on the accused. The penal code also adopts the provisions of Sharia law for certain hudud offenses, ranging from theft and drinking alcohol to apostasy. Such offenses are punishable by death. Death sentences are to be carried out by hanging or firing squad.146. A death sentence may not be carried out unless the Emir ratifies it.15 A reviewing court may reduce a death penalty to life imprisonment, or to a term of no less than five years, if it determines that mercy is warranted.16 The death penalty for the crime of murder may be commuted to a term of imprisonment if the “avenger of blood heir” forgives or accepts “blood money” from the offender.177. Death sentences may not be imposed on persons who were under the age of 18 at the time of the offense,18 pregnant women, and people with severe psycho-social disabilities.19 For persons with intellectual disabilities, “‘mental defect’ resulting in partial incapacity is an extenuating excuse, while total incapacity precludes criminal responsibility.”20b. In 2020, Qatar ended its de facto moratorium on executions and it has not indicated willingness to institute a formal moratorium on the death penalty or ratify the Second Optional Protocol.8. The Committee asked whether Qatar “intends to take steps towards a full moratorium on the death penalty and whether it is considering ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.”21 Qatar offers a generic response on ratification of outstanding human rights treaties, explaining that “the State has also embraced the principle of gradual accession, as it believes that quality is more important than quantity.”22 In 2018 and 2020, Qatar voted against the 7 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 300, 301, 302.8 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 318.9 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 250, 25210 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 279.11 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 279, 280, 28412 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 114, 118, 130, 131, 132, 135.13 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 107, 110, 111.14 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 59.15 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 5816 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 92.17 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 300, 30218 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 20.19 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Qatar, last visited Jan. 27, 2022, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=59 (citing Qatar Penal Code, art. 54, Law No. 11 of 2004.20 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Qatar, last visited Jan. 27, 2022, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=59 (citing Qatar Penal Code, art. 54, Law No. 11 of 2004.21 Human Rights Committee, List of issues in relation to the initial report of Qatar, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/Q/1, (24 Aug. 2020), ¶ 10.22 Human Rights Committee, Replies of Qatar to the list of issues in relation to its initial report, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/RQ/1, (8 Apr. 2021), ¶¶ 8, 42.4United Nation’s General Assembly Resolution on the moratorium on the use of the death penalty23 and it has yet to ratify the Second Optional Protocol.9. Indeed, Qatar appears to be moving in the opposite direction. It resumed executions in 2020 and sentenced at least four people to death in that year, up from 1-2 death sentences per year in previous years.c. Legal proceedings in capital cases lack the procedural safeguards required under Article 6 as well as Articles 2, 7, 9, 10, and 14, particularly for foreign nationals (List of Issues paragraphs 10 and 21). 10. The Committee asked about “the steps taken to ensure judicial impartiality and independence and the autonomy of prosecutors,” and requested that Qatar “respond to reports of individualsbeing denied the procedural safeguards of a fair trial, contrary to article 14 of the Covenant, such as inadequate access to counsel, including in a language that they can understand, restrictions on defendants’ ability to address the courts, and the use of trials in absentia without adequate attempts to summon defendants.” 2411. Qatar asserts that “it has received no complaints of torture or ill-treatment and detected no cases of either. Nor has it received any complaints of abuse of power by police officers assigned to the Ministry [of the Interior] that involves acts meeting the definition of torture.”2512. Amnesty International has reported instances in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Qatar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Qatar-ICCPR-DP-FINAL.pdf ) [481] => Array ( [objectID] => 18270 [title] => Papua New Guinea: one step away from full abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1642723200 [date] => 21/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/papua-new-guinea-one-step-away-from-full-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Papua-New-Guinea-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Papua New Guinea’s National Parliament voted to repeal the death penalty on 20 January2022. The bill has now to be signed into law and to be published in the official gazette. [texte] => Papua New Guinea’s National Parliament voted to repeal the death penalty on 20 January2022. The bill has now to be signed into law and to be published in the official gazette. (more…) "Papua New Guinea: one step away from full abolition of the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [482] => Array ( [objectID] => 18183 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2021: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2021-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty in the USA in 2021 was defined by two competing forces: the continuing long-term erosion of capital punishment across most of the country, and extreme conduct by a dwindling number of outlier jurisdictions to continue to pursue death sentences and executions. [texte] => The Death Penalty in 2021: Year End ReportVirginia’s Historic Abolition Highlights Continuing Decline of Death PenaltyExecutions characterized by botches and outlier practicesPosted on Dec 16, 2021Read the Press Release Download PDF Introduction Death Penalty Developments in the States and Counties Federal Death Penalty Execution and Sentencing Trends Innocence and Clemency Problematic Executions A Deadly Year for Prisoners with Intellectual Disability New Sentences Continue to Highlight Systemic Death Penalty Flaws Public Opinion Supreme Court Key Quotes Downloadable Resources Key Findings Virginia becomes 23rd state, and first in the South, to abolish the death penalty Seventh consecutive year with fewer than 30 executions and 50 new death sentences New study finds one exoneration for every 8.3 executions Federal execution spree ends, new administration halts all federal executions and announces policy review Note: Items marked with an asterisk are subject to change, depending on whether additional death sentences are imposed by the end of the year.IntroductionThe death penalty in 2021 was defined by two competing forces: the continuing long-term erosion of capital punishment across most of the country, and extreme conduct by a dwindling number of outlier jurisdictions to continue to pursue death sentences and executions.Virginia’s path to abolition of the death penalty was emblematic of capital punishment’s receding reach in the United States. A combination of changing state demographics, eroding public support, high-quality defense representation, and the election of reform prosecutors in many key counties produced a decade with no new death sentences in the Commonwealth. As the state grappled with its history of slavery, Jim Crow, lynchings, and the 70th anniversary of seven wrongful executions, the governor and legislative leaders came to see the end of the death penalty as a crucial step towards racial justice. On March 24, Virginia became the first southern state to repeal capital punishment, and expanded the death-penalty-free zone on the U.S. Atlantic coast from the Canadian border of Maine to the northern border of the Carolinas.Death Row Population By State†State 2021 2020California699724Florida338346Texas198214Alabama171172North Carolina139145Ohio136141Pennsylvania130142Arizona118119Nevada6671Louisiana6569Tennessee4951U.S. Government4662Georgia4545Oklahoma4347Mississippi4044South Carolina3939Arkansas3131Kentucky2728Oregon2427Missouri2122Nebraska1212Kansas910Idaho88Indiana88Utah77U.S. Military44Montana22New Hampshire^^11South Dakota11Wyoming11Virginia^02Total2474‡2591‡† Data from NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund for July 1 of the year shown^ Virginia abolished the death penalty with an effective date of July 1, 2021. The bill reduced the state’s two death sentences to life without parole.^^ New Hampshire prospectively abolished the death penalty May 30, 2019.‡ Persons with death sentences in multiple statesare only included once in the totalIn the West, where an execution-free zone spans the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico, the Oregon Supreme Court began removing prisoners from the state’s death row based on a 2019 law that redefined the crimes that constitute capital murder. Nationwide, mounting distrust of the death-penalty system was reflected in public opinion polling that measured support for capital punishment at near half-century lows. With Virginia’s abolition, a majority of states have now abolished the death penalty (23) or have a formal moratorium on its use (3). An additional ten states have not carried out an execution in at least ten years.2021 saw historic lows in executions and near historic lows in new death sentences. As this report goes to press, eighteen* people were sentenced to death, tying 2020’s number for the fewest in the modern era of the death penalty, dating back to the Supreme Court ruling in Furman v. Georgia that struck down all existing U.S. death-penalty statutes in 1972. The eleven executions carried out during the year were the fewest since 1988. The numbers were unquestionably affected by the pandemic but marked the seventh consecutive year of fewer than 50 death sentences and 30 executions. Both measures pointed to a death penalty that was geographically isolated, with just three states — Alabama, Oklahoma, and Texas — accounting for a majority of both death sentences and executions.The few jurisdictions that scheduled or carried out executions and imposed new death sentences pursued the death penalty with apparent disregard for due process, judicial review of execution methods, or potentially meritorious claims of intellectual disability, incompetence to be executed, and innocence. Oklahoma botched the execution of John Grant and then denied the execution had been problematic. Arizona authorized executions with the same lethal gas the Nazis had used to murder more than a million people in their World War II death camps. South Carolina moved to adopt the electric chair as its default execution method, with the firing squad as a “humane” alternative.The federal government’s historically aberrant spree of thirteen executions in six months concluded with three executions carried out less than ten days before the inauguration of a president who had expressed his opposition to capital punishment. The six transition-period executions were the most ever in American history. Those executed in 2021 included a severely mentally ill woman who never received a hearing on her competency to be executed, an intellectually disabled man who never received review of his claim that he was ineligible for the death penalty, and a man who without dispute did not kill anybody. Two of the men who were executed were among the more than two dozen death-row prisoners who contracted COVID-19 as a result of prior federal superspreader executions.The federal execution spree also raised questions about the legitimacy of the U.S. Supreme Court as a neutral arbiter of the law, as the Court actively intervened to lift lower court stays or injunctions issued by conservative and liberal judges alike, denying judicial review of serious and unresolved legal and constitutional issues. The Biden administration set no policy on the federal death penalty, allowing the Department of Justice to make decisions on capital prosecutions and appeals on a case-by-case basis. Attorney General Merrick Garland issued a memorandum saying no new executions would be authorized while DOJ reviewed changes in death-penalty policy put in place during the Trump administration. He made no commitments on the pursuit of new federal death sentences or the possibility of federal executions after the review.Executions and death sentences in 2021 continued to highlight the arbitrary and discriminatory application of the death penalty. Rather than representing the “worst of the worst” offenders, all but one of the eleven people executed in 2021 had one or more significant impairments, including: evidence of mental illness; brain injury, developmental brain damage, or an IQ in the intellectually disabled range; or chronic serious childhood trauma, neglect, and/or abuse. Their cases were tainted by racial bias, inadequate representation, and disproportionate sentencing. The year’s new death sentences were also badly flawed, with more than a quarter (27.8%) imposed either by non-unanimous juries or by judges after defendants waived jury sentencing or in states that denied defendants the right to a sentencing jury.Sentences and executions disproportionately involved victims who were white and female. Once again, only defendants of color were executed for cross-racial murders and no white defendant was sentenced to death in a trial that did not involve at least one white victim. Three high-profile cases — each involving likely innocent Black men sentenced to death for killing white victims — symbolized the enduring racial injustice of the nation’s death penalty. Julius Jones and Pervis Payne were spared execution, only to be resentenced to life in prison. A Texas trial judge in a county with a history of lynchings heard extensive evidence of Rodney Reed’s innocence, then credited the testimony of a disgraced white police officer who was the likely killer over that of nearly a dozen other witnesses to recommend that Reed be denied a new trial.Two more innocent death-row prisoners were exonerated in 2021, and a DPIC review of the more than 9,600 death sentences imposed in the U.S. since 1972 discovered another eleven previously unrecorded death-row exonerations. That raised the number of death-row exonerations to 186 — one for every 8.3 executions in the modern era.As death-penalty usage continues to erode, its flaws become even more evident. As the few jurisdictions that seek to pursue it engage in shocking conduct that undermines or evades judicial review, the cases resulting in death sentences and executions increasingly reflect arbitrariness, discrimination, and systemic failures that represent the worst of the worst judicial process. These very flaws, brought into stark relief as the death penalty becomes more rare, are causing more prosecutors, jurors, and voters in much of the country to decide to abandon capital punishment altogether, concentrating its continuing practice in a dwindling number of outlier jurisdictions with an historical legacy of slavery, lynching, and Jim Crow and a modern history of abusive law enforcement.Death Penalty Developments in the States and CountiesKey Findings Virginia abolishes death penalty; 23rd state, first southern state to do so Oregon Supreme Court ruling continues erosion of death penalty in the West; decision is expected to clear death row Bipartisan abolition efforts proceed in Ohio and UtahDeath-penalty developments in the states in 2021 reflected the continuing long-term erosion of capital punishment in much of the country, with pus [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2021-year-end-report ) [483] => Array ( [objectID] => 18175 [title] => The Death Penalty in Bahrain: A system built on torture [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-bahrain-a-system-built-on-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Salam for Democracy and Human Rights (Salam DHR)’s report was published on October 10, 2021, to mark the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty in Bahrain: A system built on torture, provides accessible and abridged information regarding the development of the death penalty in Bahrain.This report examines how executions have expanded in both their criteria and implementation since the Arab Spring in 2011 and how this practice contradicts the Government of Bahrain’s (GoB) promises of reform made following the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI) that same year. Instead, the Bahraini State continues to rely on confessions coerced under torture and threats as a method of permanently silencing poliIcal prisoners. The nation’s internal mechanisms of accountability have repeatedly proven themselves to be ineffective in remedying this situation and are possibly complicit. Considering these findings, and in support those who have been victimized, Salam DHR officially recommends that the GoB abolishes the death penalty, among other reforms. [texte] => Executive SummaryThe purpose of this report is to provide accessible and abridged information regarding thedevelopment of the death penalty in Bahrain. It examines how executions have expanded in boththeir criteria and implementation since the Arab Spring in 2011 and how this practice contradicts theGovernment of Bahrain’s (GoB) promises of reform made following the Bahrain IndependentCommission of Inquiry (BICI) that same year. Instead, the Bahraini State continues to rely onconfessions coerced under torture and threats as a method of permanently silencing politicalprisoners. The nation’s internal mechanisms of accountability have repeatedly proven themselves tobe ineffective in remedying this situation and are possibly complicit. Considering these findings, andin support those who have been victimized, Salam DHR officially recommends that the GoB abolishthe death penalty, among other reforms.MethodologyThis report has been sourced from official and communications reports from the Office of the UnitedNations High Commission for Human Rights on the death penalty, the Working Group on ArbitraryDetention, and the European Commission. This report also draws from the hard work of fellowhuman rights organizations such as Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy, Reprieve, Americansfor Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain and individual activists in Bahrain who have potentiallyplaced their freedom and wellbeing in danger to provide this information. These pieces ofinformation have been incorporated to provide a succinct, accessible piece of information.IntroductionThe ongoing aftermath of the Pearl Uprising has been marred by a continuous crackdown in Bahrain,where freedoms and human rights have been tightly constricted over the past decade. Although theGoB and the ruling Al-Khalifa family have continuously promised accommodation and reform to theirpeople and the international community, such pronouncements belie a system that primarily reliesupon fear to regulate its communities. One of the lodestars of that culture of fear has been the deathpenalty, which was brought out of de-facto moratorium in January 2017. The State has sincecapitalized on a highly flawed legal system that enables executions and re-affirms that it holds powerof life and death over all Bahraini subjects.This short report explores how the death penalty is being implemented in Bahrain and how theprocess is thoroughly comprised due to a prevalence of torture, which is used to elicit confessions. Italso examines the GoB has systematically failed to make meaningful reforms regarding the use of thetorture, which it incorporated into its promised reforms following the BICI in June 2011. Instead,executions been brought out of de facto moratorium and used increasingly over the past decade,despite many of these cases being the result on confessions made under torture.1The Death Penalty in BahrainA Decade of DeathOver the past decade the rate of death sentences in Bahrain has increased by 600%, with 51 officialnew death sentences from 2011 to 2020.1Executions have fallen over the past year, but this is likely due to disruption from the Covid-19pandemic and the GoB has provided no assurances that executions will not increase again in thecoming years, providing no solace or hope for prisoners awaiting execution in the country.As of October 2021, 27 individuals, 12 of whom are political prisoners, have exhausted all legalavenues for appeal. Whilst the Bahraini Government does not publicly release the names ofindividuals who are on death row, the below 12 individuals have had their death sentencesconfirmed by the Court of Cassation, the highest court in Bahrain. Once the Court of Cassationupholds the death sentence of an individual, they can no longer appeal it and must await the finalstage of the process, the king’s ratification of their sentence.21. Maher Abbas al-Khabbaz – sentenced: 29 January 2018.2. Hussein Ibrahim Ali Hussein Marzouq – sentenced: 26 February 2018.3. Sayed Ahmed Fawad Abbas al-Abbar – sentenced: 21 May 2018.4. Hussein Ali Mahdi Jasim – sentenced: 21 May 2018.5. Salman Isa Ali Salman – sentenced: 4 June 2018.6. Mohamed Radi Abdullah Hasan – sentenced: 25 February 2019.7. Hussein Abdullah Marhoun – sentenced: 20 May 2019.8. Mousa Abdullah Mousa Jaafar – sentenced: 3 June 2019.9. Hussein Abdullah Khalil Rashid – sentenced: 15 June 2020.10. Zuhair Ibrahim Jasim Abdullah – sentenced: 15 June 2020.11. Mohamed Ramadhan Issa Ali Hussain – sentenced: 13 July 2020.12. Hussein Ali Mousa Hasan Mohamed – sentenced: 13 July 2020Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy, Reprieve, and the European Commission, 1 From Uprising toExecutions: The Death Penalty in Bahrain, Ten Years on From the Arab Spring, 2021, pp 7-8; Official executionsdo not count other instances of lives lost in police custody, such as prisoners who died injuries inflicted viatorture (often referred to euphemistically as ‘kidney failure’ in official documents) and enforceddisappearances, where the person cannot be accounted for.2 Salam for Democracy and Human Rights, Campaign Against the Death Penalty in Bahrain, October 2021.2The Death Penalty in BahrainUnder the current system, these people could be executed at any moment with no warning, apractice that violates both international law and Bahrain’s Constitution. Executions have occurredthis way in 2017 and 2019. Historically, many such prisoners have been buried 3 in unmarked graves,their treatment in both life and death being an act of collective punishment against their families.These State practices are usually political in nature, where dissidents and their families are primarilytargeted under broad and ambiguously worded counter-terrorism legislation.Tainted EvidenceInternational human rights law provides two key safeguards against evidence obtained by torturefrom being admitted in criminal proceedings, these are particularly important where the deathpenalty is utilised:1. A prompt and impartial investigation by a competent authority, wherever there is reasonableground to believe that an act of torture has been committed.4 The United Nations Manual onthe Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment (‘Istanbul Protocol’) provides international standards forstates to carry out their international obligations to investigate torture promptly andimpartially.52. States must ensure that any statements made from torture are not invoked as evidence inany proceedings.6Under international law and Bahraini law, evidence and/or confessions obtained through torture areconsidered tainted and are therefore inadmissible in a court of law. It is something, however, thatBahraini law enforcement and courts continue to ignore with impunity.3 Testimony of families of executed prisoners, on file with Reprieve and BIRD. International human rights lawrequires that individuals on death row are provided with timely notification about the date of their executionand that the families of death row prisoners are notified of their execution, see General comment no. 36,Article 6 (Right to Life), para. 40, available at UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), General comment no. 36,Article 6 (Right to Life), 3 September 2019, CCPR/C/GC/35, available at: https://www.refworld. org/docid/5e5e75e04.html and Human Rights Committee, Mariya Staselovich v. Belarus, Communication No. 887/1999,UN Doc. CCPR/C/77/D/887/1999, 3 April 2003, para. 9.2, available at: www.hrlibrary.umn.edu/undocs/887-1999.html4 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment art. 12, 10 Dec.1984, 1465 U.N.T.S. 24841, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx5 Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment, recommended by G.A. Res. 55/89 (4 Dec 2000), available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/EffectiveInvestigationAndDocumentationOfTorture.aspx.6 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment art. 15, 10December 1984, 1465 U.N.T.S. 24841, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx.3The Death Penalty in BahrainTorture and terrorism offences are intrinsically linked in the Bahraini justice system. Over the pastdecade, there have been multiple instances of individuals confessing to the crime of terrorism undertorture. On 29 December 2014, Mohammed Ramadhan and Husain Ali Moosa were sentenced todeath by a Bahraini criminal court for their alleged involvement in a February 2014 bomb explosionthat killed a police officer. Both defendants state that Bahraini authorities tortured them intoconfessing. Moosa was allegedly hung from a ceiling for three days, beaten, and on severaloccasions, told by authorities that they would harm his relatives if he did not confess. Ramadhan wasallegedly arrested without a warrant and violently beaten on his genitals until he agreed to confess.These confessions, made under torture and threats against family members, were used to convictand sentence Ramadhan and Moosa to death, breaching international law. Both men havesubsequently had their sentences upheld by the Court of Cassation on 16 November 2015, despitehaving recanted their confessions and affirming that they confessed under torture. Their allegationshave not been investigated by Bahraini authorities. Ramadhan and Moosa have 7 exhausted all legaloptions and now face imminent execution via firing squad.8 This follows a well-established precedentin the Bahraini legal system.On 15 January 2017, Bahrain executed Ali Al-Singace, Abbas Al-Samea and Sami Mushaima.9 UnitedNations human rights experts raised concerns that Bahraini authorities had reportedly coerced allthree men into confessions with electric shocks and sexual humiliation, for which they wereconvicted and executed.10 The courts dismissed their lawyers’ arguments and re [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://salam-dhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/EN-DP-Report.pdf ) [484] => Array ( [objectID] => 18172 [title] => Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2021 [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2020. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021. Special Focus: The road to abolition in selected OSCE participating States [texte] => 5IntroductionNoting the restrictions and safeguards regarding the use of the death penalty adoptedby the international community, as well as the Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of capitalpunishment, OSCE participating States have made a number of commitmentsrelating to the death penalty.1 They committed to exchange information on the questionof the abolition of the death penalty and to provide information on the use ofthe death penalty to the public.2 Where the death penalty is still in use, participatingStates have agreed that it can be imposed only for the most serious crimes and onlyin line with international commitments.3OSCE participating States have also made a number of other commitments relevantin the context of the application of the death penalty, such as ensuring the right tolife, the right to a fair trial and the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhumanor degrading treatment or punishment.4In accordance with these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office forDemocratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developmentsregarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participatingStates related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in theBackground Paper on the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area.5 The paper is based oninformation gathered by ODIHR on the situation of the death penalty in all 57 OSCEparticipating States during the reporting period, incorporating information from international and regional human rights bodies, non-governmental organizationsand media reports.This year’s background paper, which covers developments from 1 April 2020 to31 March 2021, contains an introductory essay by Jeanne Bishop, and has a thematicfocus on how a selection of OSCE participating States have gone about abolishingthe death penalty in law and in practice in Part II, looking at the road to abolition inKazakhstan, Mongolia, Latvia and the American state of Virginia. Part III covers thestatus of the death penalty in the OSCE region during the reporting period.Throughout the background paper, an abolitionist state is defined as an OSCE participatingState in which there is no death penalty, in law, for any crimes. A de-facto abolitioniststate is one in which the death penalty is foreseen in law, but in practice thepunishment is not imposed. A retentionist state is one that continues to implementthis penalty by sentencing and carrying out executions.1 “Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the OSCE”, OSCE,29 June 1990, Copenhagen, paras. 17.2, 17.3 and 17.4.2 Ibid., paras. 17.7 and 17.8. See also: “Concluding Document of the Third Follow-up Meeting, Vienna,4 November 1986 to 19 January 1989”, OSCE, (hereafter, “Vienna Document 1989”); “Document of theSixteenth Meeting of the Ministerial Council Helsinki 2008”, OSCE, (hereafter, “Helsinki Document 2008”).3 “Vienna Document 1989”, para. 24, op. cit., note 2.4 OSCE, Ministerial Council Tirana 2020, MC.DEC/7/20, 4 December 2020; “Vienna Document 1989”,“Copenhagen Document 1990”, “Helsinki Document 2008”.5 The ODIHR annual background papers on the death penalty are available since 2000, here: “The DeathPenalty in the OSCE Area: Background Papers”, OSCE/ODIHR.Part I: Introductory essayTo further assist OSCE participating States in their exchange of information on thedeath penalty and to support consideration of its abolition, since 2016, ODIHR hasincluded both thematic discussions and introductory essays by external contributorson various aspects of the death penalty in this annual background paper.This year’s background paper on the death penalty pays tribute to the enormouscontribution to the protection of human rights, internationally, of the late ProfessorChristof Heyns. The introductory essay he so kindly contributed to the 2019 OSCEBackground Paper demonstrated why capital punishment is irreconcilable with theright to life and helped communicate this message to States and other key audiencesin the OSCE-region. His tireless efforts and dedication to human rights will alwaysbe remembered and serve as an inspiration to future generations of human rightsadvocates.The Unlikely Voices against the Death Penalty: Murder Victims’ Survivors,Jeanne Bishop6Death consumes us. Literally, of course, in time, but thoughts of it also encompassmuch of what is most momentous in our lives: the deaths of our loved ones, the fearof our own death, the mystery of it. Within criminal law it is at the center of the mostimportant cases, where a life was taken. In my office, where I work as a public defender,the most haunted among us are those who defend people accused of murder.And so, of course, the death penalty — our willingness to kill our own citizens in thename of the people — is inextricably linked not only to those executed but to the survivorsof victims of their crimes. Much of the discussion of capital punishment in mycountry is about or on behalf of those left behind by a murder, who are often offeredup as the moral justification for killing by the state. That simple calculus is wrong;6 Jeanne Bishop is an American attorney, activist and author. Since the killing of her sister, Bishop has advocatednationally and internationally for the abolition of the death penalty, and was a part of its successfulabolition in her home state of Illinois in 2011.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20218those who have suffered the loss of a loved one through murder are multitudes, withwildly diverging ideas of what the death penalty does or can mean.I am among that kinship of tragedy.My story, and that of many I know, disrupts the too-easy image of a victim’s familymember who finds “closure” in state-sanctioned death. Our souls steer us away frombrutal vengeance.On 7 April 1990, in a quiet town in the North Shore area of Chicago, Illinois, an intruderbroke into the home of my sister Nancy Bishop Langert and her husband Richardand shot them to death. Nancy was 25 years old; Richard was 29. To compound thetragedy, Nancy was pregnant with what would have been their first child, my first littleniece or nephew and my parents’ first grandchild.The killer was David Biro, a 17-year-old who lived only a few blocks away from Nancyand Richard. He shot Richard once, execution style, in the back of his head. He shotNancy in her side and abdomen, even though they had told him she was pregnant.The autopsy report detailing the path the bullets had taken in her body, destroyingthe child within her, was so excruciating that I wailed in agony when I read it.Nancy was the beloved youngest of three daughters in my family. She was a sunny,sweet, spirited person who wanted more than anything to be a mother. She andRichard were a young couple with no enemies and everything to live for, on the brinkof achieving their dream of having a child and owning a home of their own.A jury found Biro guilty after only two hours of deliberation. The court sentenced himto the mandatory sentence imposed at the time on juveniles in the State of Illinois whohad committed multiple homicides: life in prison without the possibility of parole.Although other places had a death penalty for juveniles at that time, Illinois did not.7When my family and I walked out of the courthouse after the sentencing, the presswas waiting to ask how we felt. The first question a reporter asked me was this: “Aren’tyou disappointed your sister’s killer couldn’t get the death penalty?” My answer wasthis, then and now: “No.” I will never find joy or hope in the death of another.I am glad his life was spared, not because of who he is but because of who Nancywas. She was a good and generous person who loved life, who loved people, who7 The United States Supreme Court has since struck down the death penalty for people who were childrenat the time of their crimes.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20219was carrying life in her body when she died. The last thing she would have wantedis more killing.Also, the notion that the lives of my family members could be paid for by snuffing outthe life of their killer seemed preposterous to me. How could his one life even beginto recompense the lives he took? Shedding more blood and digging another grave andcreating another grieving family like mine could never heal me. It would not bringNancy and Richard and their baby back. It would not honour their lives or what theystood for. It would not give me that thing people often say that murder victims’ familieswant and need above all: closure.Closure is this mythical state in which all your pain and heartbreak over losing yourloved ones will be neatly wrapped up and put to rest when a dire punishment is imposedon the one who took them from you. It is a lie. I will love my sister and brotherin-law and their unborn baby forever. I will mourn them every holiday, every birthday,every time I see a blue car like the one they drove or a young woman wearing her hairin a French braid, as Nancy did. My love and grief over her death will live on in meas long as I live, and motivate me to love as she did, to live passionately and joyfullyand to have courage at the end. I do not want to close that.After I made that public declaration against the death penalty, a group reached outto me: an organization of people who had lost family members to homicide, but whoopposed the death penalty for all offenders, including the ones who killed their lovedones. Those people have become my heroes: Bud Welch, the father of an only daughter,Julie, who died when domestic terrorist Timothy McVeigh blew up the federalbuilding in Oklahoma City. Marietta Jaeger, whose young daughter Susie was abducted,raped and murdered by a man who took her from her tent on a family campingtrip. Bill Babbitt, whose brother Manny, a Marine who had served in wartime, wasexecuted for murder despite his post-traumatic st [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/death_penalty_2021 ) [485] => Array ( [objectID] => 18165 [title] => 2021 OHCHR Report on Deterrence: High-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2021-ohchr-report-on-deterrence-high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 26/2 and 42/24. It provides a summary of the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty held on 23 February 2021 at the forty-sixth session of the Council. The panel discussion addressed the human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to whether the use of the death penalty has a deterrent effect on crime rates. [texte] => I. Introduction1. Pursuant to its resolution 26/2, the Human Rights Council held its fourth biennial high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty on 23 February 2021, at its forty-sixth session.2. The panel was chaired by the President of the Human Rights Council, Nazhat Shameem Khan. An opening statement was delivered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet. The panellists were the Minister of Justice of Chad, Djimet Arabi; the Commissioner of the International Commission against the Death Penalty, Tsakhia Elbegdorj; a member of the Human Rights Committee, Arif Bulkan; and a Professor of Criminology from Oxford University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Carolyn Hoyle.II. Opening remarks and statements3. In her introductory remarks, the President of the Human Rights Council reminded the Council that the panel discussion was being held pursuant to its resolutions 26/2 and 42/24. In resolution 42/24, the Council had decided that the discussion would address violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to whether the use of the death penalty has a deterrent effect on crime rates.4. In her opening remarks, the High Commissioner for Human Rights began by emphasizing the fundamental nature of the issue to be considered by the panel. She underlined that there was no evidence that the death penalty deterred crime more effectively than any other punishment. On the contrary, studies suggested that in some States that had abolished the death penalty, murder rates had remained unaltered or had even declined.1 Studies had also shown that it was the certainty of punishment, rather than its severity, that deterred people from committing a crime. As such, the rule of law was the true deterrent.5. The High Commissioner listed a number of reasons to move away from the death penalty, in addition to its failure to deter crime. She noted the severe mental and physical suffering inflicted by its imposition on the persons concerned and their family members. Arbitrary and discriminatory application of the death penalty often disproportionately affected the poor and economically vulnerable, those belonging to religious or ethnic minorities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex communities, persons with disabilities, foreign nationals, indigenous peoples and marginalized members of society. There was no such thing as a mistake-proof judiciary. Miscarriages of justice resulting in a person’s death were unacceptable consequences entailing a State’s violation of the fundamental right to life.6. The High Commissioner stressed the need to make publicly available studies and statistics regarding the use of capital punishment in order to enable informed debates. Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights set out specific safeguards that should ensure that the death penalty was applied only for “the most serious crimes”, a term that must be read restrictively and appertain only to crimes of extreme gravity involving intentional killing.2 She also referred to the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, which had been approved by the Economic and Social Council,3 and were equally applicable in countries that had not yet ratified the Covenant.1 Daniel S. Nagin and John V. Pepper, eds., Deterrence and the Death Penalty (Washington, D.C., National Research Council of the National Academies Press, 2012), p. 3; David T. Johnson, “Does the death penalty deter homicide in Japan?”, Asian Law Centre Briefing Paper (2017); Susan Munroe, “Abolition of capital punishment in Canada”, Thought.com, 21 July 2019; Pathways to Justice: Implementing a Fair and Effective Remedy following Abolition of the Mandatory Death Penalty in Kenya – An expert report submitted by The Death Penalty Project upon invitation by the Government Sentencing Task Force (2019).2 Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 36 (2018), para. 35.3 See www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/deathpenalty.aspx.A/HRC/48/3837. The High Commissioner reiterated the Secretary-General’s view that the death penalty had no place in the twenty-first century. While acknowledging that there were causes for concern, she remarked on encouraging international trends towards abolition. She commended Kazakhstan for having passed a law on ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and encouraged it to amend its national legislation to be in full compliance with that instrument, including through constitutional amendments. She also encouraged the Government of Chad to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in the wake of the abolition of the death penalty in national law in May 2020. Furthermore, she welcomed the pledge by the Government of the United States of America to work towards ending the death penalty, both at the federal and state levels.8. The High Commissioner concluded by highlighting the fact that the vast majority of States, with a variety of legal systems, traditions, cultures and religions, had either abolished the death penalty in law or did not carry it out in practice. In 2020, 123 States had voted in favour of General Assembly resolution 75/183 on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Congratulating all those States that had either abolished or taken steps away from the death penalty, the High Commissioner encouraged others to consider moving in the same direction, recognizing that as long as the death penalty was in use, it undermined human dignity and denied individuals their most basic right upon which all other rights depended: the right to life.III. Contributions of the panellists9. In his remarks, Mr. Arabi noted that, in May 2020, Chad had become an abolitionist State. Since its independence, Chad had endured much violence and the death penalty had been provided for in its 1967 Criminal Code. A moratorium on the use of the death penalty had existed from 1990 to 2015. In the wake of the terrorist attacks in 2015, the country had adopted a special law allowing for the resumption of the use of the death penalty for terrorist acts. Nevertheless, in 2017, it had commenced a revision of its Criminal Code and its Code of Criminal Procedure in order to bring them into line with international norms and standards. In May 2020, the country had unanimously adopted an amendment to Law No. 003/PR/2020, enabling it to fully abolish the death penalty for all crimes. Prior to that, Chad had improved security systems in penitentiary institutions and built additional remand centres, in line with international standards.10. Mr. Arabi noted that the abolition of the death penalty had paved the way for the commutation of all death sentences and for ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. He commended his country’s leadership for promoting and protecting human rights and civil society partners for their support of the Government’s initiatives. The Government recognized that the death penalty was a violation of the right to life and constituted cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. By completely abolishing the death penalty, in spite of the increase in the number of acts of terrorism, Chad had joined in the growing global abolitionist trend and implemented the recommendations it had accepted under the universal periodic review in 2013 and 2018.11. Mr. Arabi concluded by stating that the abolition of the death penalty in Chad could be considered a strong and positive message to those who had committed terrorist acts and wished to re-establish themselves within the law, that even if they were liable for prosecution, they would not run the risk of being executed. The death penalty was not an effective response to combating terrorism. Chad, as a leading country within the Group of Five for the Sahel, recognized the importance of seeking to humanize the legal framework and strengthen judicial cooperation.12. In his statement, Mr. Elbegdorj noted the importance of the choice that country leaders had when addressing the death penalty, highlighting the choice he had made to abolish the death penalty when he had been President of Mongolia. The three main lessons learned from that experience were the importance of political will and continued leadership; the need toA/HRC/48/384take a step-by-step approach to decision-making and international support; and the importance of maintaining the status of a death penalty-free country.13. Mr. Elbegdorj stressed that there had been no increase in violent crime after the abolition of the death penalty in Mongolia. While there had been discussions about reintroducing the death penalty, public opinion had shifted and the increase in the amount of support for abolition of the death penalty was a positive development for Mongolia. Arguments based on the deterrent effect of the death penalty on crime rates were weak and not supported by the facts. When discussing punishment, it was not the severity, but the certainty of the punishment that mattered more. Capital punishment was final and ran the risk of destroying an innocent life.14. Mr. Elbegdorj concluded by noting that State killing had no moral justification and violated the basic tenets of human rights. When States had such power, they also had the power to abuse it. He urged all States to be vigilant until all death sentences had been commuted. Lastly, he highlighted the fact that more than two thirds of States had abolished the death penalty in practice, and congratulated Chad and Kazakhstan, which had recently taken steps towards its abolition.15. Mr. Bulkan began by noting that empirical evidence suggested that the death penalty was ineffe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/38 ) [486] => Array ( [objectID] => 18164 [title] => In the Extreme: Women Serving Life Without Parole and Death Sentences in the United States [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-the-extreme-women-serving-life-without-parole-and-death-sentences-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One of every 15 women in prison — amounting to more than 6,600 women — is serving a life sentence and nearly 2,000 of these have no chance for parole. Another 52 women in the U.S. are awaiting execution. Many women serving extreme sentences were victims of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse long before they committed a crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/in-the-extreme-women-serving-life-without-parole-and-death-sentences-in-the-united-states/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=24529b69-e51e-404e-be0c-873ca5ccdfa3 ) [487] => Array ( [objectID] => 18162 [title] => Defending Women and Transgender Persons Facing Extreme Sentences: A Practical Guide [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guide-for-women-and-transgender-persons-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Written by a team including experts in the fields of capital defense, gender rights, gender-sensitive mitigation and the rights of transgender persons, the guide includes sections on gender-based violence, women’s mental health, prison conditions, discrimination in the legal system, working with the media, and how to build a gender-sensitive team. It also includes a step-by-step gender-sensitive interview protocol that builds on resources developed by the anti-violence community and is tailored to the needs of defense teams. [texte] => Defending Women and Transgender Persons Facing Extreme Sentences: A Practical GuideOctober 7, 2021“Using capital punishment or incarceration as the sole response to violence fails to achieve justice for all because you’re simply sending people, especially black and brown people, into a system that has already failed them.” —Erica Sheppard, incarcerated on death row in Texas, U.S.COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Marie Dawandala, Damaris Doukouya, and Martha Weteya on October 23, 2020, the day they left prison as free women after spending over 5 years behind bars. Before a court overturned their sentence, the three Cameroonian women had been sentenced to death under Cameroon’s draconian anti-terrorism laws. The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide advocated on their behalf as part of an international defense team led by Me. Nestor Toko.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. 1Introduction: Why Do We Need Special Skills to Defend Women?. 2Introductory Language. 4Gender and Sex. 4Sexual Orientation. 4Gender Identity and Expression. 5Transition. 5Other Terms. 6Chapter 1: Building a Gender-Sensitive Team. 8Gender-Sensitive and Inclusive Team Dynamics. 8Intersectionality. 9Chapter 2: Conditions of Detention for Women Facing Extreme Sentences: What You Need to Know 11The International Legal Framework for Women in Detention. 11The Right to Family Contact 11Housing and Solitary Confinement 13The Right to Adequate Medical and Mental Health Care. 13Transgender and Non-Binary Prisoners. 14Violence in Prisons and Police Stations. 15LGBTQ+ Women Prisoners. 15Chapter 3: Women and Mental Health: Considerations for Defense Teams. 17Women and Trauma. 18Postpartum Mental Disorders. 24Gender Differences for Serious Mental Illness. 25Chapter 4: Gender-Based Violence: Myths and Misperceptions. 27Understanding Gender-Based Violence. 27Core Terminology. 29Sexual Violence: Myths and Misperceptions. 30Domestic Violence: Myths and Misperceptions. 34Interviewing Your Client About Gender-Based Violence. 37Chapter 5: Treatment of Women in the Criminal Legal System.. 48Women and Police Interrogations. 48Bias from Judges and Prosecutors. 49Women with Male Co-Defendants. 50Intersectional Discrimination. 51Chapter 6: International Human Rights Law.. 54Human Rights Law and Women’s Death Sentences. 54Using Human Rights Law to Reframe the Narrative. 55Chapter 7: Working With the Media. 59Media Coverage of Women Defendants. 59How to Work with the Media. 59Chapter 8: Further Reading.. 61Chapter 2: Conditions in Jails and Prisons. 61Chapter 3: Women and Mental Health. 61Chapter 4: Gender-Based Violence. 62Chapter 5: Treatment of Women in the Criminal Legal System. 62Chapter 6: International Human Rights Law. 63Chapter 7: Working with the Media. 64Gender-Sensitive Client Interview Form. 66Endnotes. 93AcknowledgementsThe principal authors of this guide were Sandra Babcock, Nathalie Greenfield, Gabriela Markolovic, and Jessica Sutton. Joshua Howard and Adrienne Larimer also authored key sections of the guide. We would like to extend a special thanks to our excellent team of editors and proofreaders, including Maci East, Hailey Shapiro, Alexandria Kim, Seoyeon Shin, and Sabrina Bryan. We also would like to thank Katie Vaz for her assistance in designing the report. The authors are immensely grateful to the women and transgender persons who shared their stories with us. We would like to recognize, in particular, Kwaneta Harris, Christa Pike, and Erica Sheppard, whose reflections on their experiences of incarceration have enriched this manual. We are in awe of their strength, and we stand in solidarity with those who remain incarcerated in legal systems that failed them in so many ways. We would also like to thank the Human Rights Initiative at the Open Society Foundations, whose support made this report possible. We are particularly grateful to Louise Ehlers of OSF. Louise has been a wonderful partner over the last two years, and she has been a champion of our work around gender and the death penalty from the very beginning. The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide takes sole responsibility for the final content of the report.Introduction: Why Do We Need Special Skills toDefend Women?The overwhelming majority of lawyers have never received any special training on how to defend women facing extreme sentences. Most of us simply approach the cases of women as we would any other male client. Yet the cases of women invariably require specialized knowledge and skills that most lawyers lack. And because we don’t know what we don’t know, lawyers around the world routinely misinterpret critical evidence and fail to uncover facts that are essential to effectively defend women. This guide is a first attempt to remedy our collective ignorance. We begin with the basics: how to create a gender-sensitive team and build relationships of trust with your women clients. We provide a glossary of terms so that you have a gender-sensitive vocabulary. Significantly, when we discuss “women” in this manual, we include both cis women and transgender persons, as well as other non-male members of the LGBTQ+ community. In Chapter 2, we describe how conditions in jails and prisons often fail to protect women’s basic human rights. This chapter includes a section devoted to the rights of transgender prisoners, who are frequently deprived of essential medical treatment and suffer cruel and dehumanizing conditions of confinement. Armed with this knowledge, you can learn what questions to ask your women clients about their experiences in prison so that you can better protect their rights. Chapter 3 addresses mental health issues that are commonly found in cases of women. Every lawyer defending a client accused of a capital crime should have a strong grasp of the causes and symptoms of trauma; this is especially true when defending a woman. The great majority of women facing extreme sentences have experienced gender-based violence and a wide range of adverse childhood experiences. These experiences invariably lead to trauma, which can cause debilitating, lifelong mental distress. Trauma shapes your client’s life trajectory before she even enters the criminal legal system. It can also affect how she responds to police interrogators, how judges and juries perceive her behavior, and how she interacts with her legal team. Chapter 3 also provides an overview of Post-Partum Depression, a mental illness that often affects women who kill children. Finally, Chapter 3 discusses how the symptomology and onset of common mental illnesses differ between men and women. In Chapter 4, we address the epidemic of gender-based violence, which touches nearly all of our clients’ lives. We touch on some of the major myths and misperceptions about the behavior of women who are in violent relationships. We also provide guidance for discussing this topic with your clients. We live in a global culture where violence against women is widely tolerated and normalized. As a result, lawyers risk minimizing the consequences of sexual and other forms of violence against women. Frequently, lawyers fail even to ask their clients about their experiences of gender-based violence, perhaps because the topic is a sensitive one. One of the lessons we seek to convey is the importance of talking about sex—and ensuring that you have someone on your team who is comfortable engaging in these conversations with your client. Chapter 5 provides an overview of how women are treated in the criminal legal system. Women can be particularly vulnerable to aggressive police interrogation, and may be subjected to sexual threats or violence in police stations and jails. Their experiences of trauma can also make them more suggestible and more likely to admit guilt. At trial, prosecutors frequently seek to de-feminize women as a way of encouraging judges and juries to condemn their behavior. In addition, prosecutors often minimize their experiences of gender-based violence to discredit them. Prosecutors also rely on negative gender stereotypes, sometimes casting women as hyper-sexual, other times criticizing their mothering skills, in an effort to encourage harsh punishment. Defense teams must anticipate these tactics and take steps to prevent them—or at the very least, object when prosecutors utilize them. In this chapter we also highlight the myriad of ways that women can experience discrimination on the basis of multiple identities. Understanding these intersecting forms of discrimination is vital when defending women who are members of minority groups, foreign nationals, disabled, or gender-non-conforming. Finally, we discuss the risks women face when they are prosecuted alongside male co-defendants, and the importance of obtaining separate counsel for each defendant. The international legal framework for understanding the rights of women is addressed in Chapter 6. International human rights treaties, and their interpretation by courts and experts around the world, establish that governments have an obligation to protect women from gender-based violence and other violations of women’s human rights. In many, if not most cases of women facing extreme sentences, the state will have violated these obligations. Understanding that the government has failed in its responsibility to protect your client’s rights helps to shift the narrative of your case from one that attributes blame exclusively to your client, to one that acknowledges that the state bears some responsibility for the conditions that gave rise to her behavior. Finally, we address the role of the media in women’s cases and provide guidance on working with the media in Chapter 7. We conclude by providing a bibliography of further reading. This guide provides an overview of key topics in the defense of women, but it is by no means exhaustive. This manual is best read in tandem with two separate publications by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, both of which are available onlin [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/defending-women-and-transgender-persons-facing-extreme-sentences-a-practical-guide/ ) [488] => Array ( [objectID] => 18143 [title] => Bahrain: Joint appeal for commutation and moratorium [timestamp] => 1642032000 [date] => 13/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-appeal-bahrain-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Joint Appeal was published on World Day Against the Death Penlaty on 10 October 2021 and sent to the Bahraini Embassy in France, UK and Switzerland. [texte] => Joint Appeal was published on World Day Against the Death Penlaty on 10 October 2021 and sent to the Bahraini Embassy in France, UK and Switzerland. (more…) "Bahrain: Joint appeal for commutation and moratorium" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [489] => Array ( [objectID] => 18126 [title] => Executions and Death Sentences Near Record Lows in 2021 in the USA [timestamp] => 1642032000 [date] => 13/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/executions-and-death-sentences-near-record-lows-in-2021-in-the-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DPIC-report-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Virginia’s historic abolition of the death penalty highlighted a year in which public opinion polls, executions, and new death sentences all signaled continued erosion of support for capital punishment across the United States. [texte] => Virginia’s historic abolition of the death penalty highlighted a year in which public opinion polls, executions, and new death sentences all signaled continued erosion of support for capital punishment across the United States. (more…) "Executions and Death Sentences Near Record Lows in 2021 in the USA" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [490] => Array ( [objectID] => 18569 [title] => Uganda – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – January 2022 [timestamp] => 1641945600 [date] => 12/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uganda-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-january-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Uganda's compliance with its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses Ugandan death penalty laws and cases where women are sentenced to death row in Uganda, primarily for murder.This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key recommendations to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda's obligations to women under the Convention. These steps, among other things, include: (1) abolishing the death penalty and in the interim, limiting the death penalty to only the most serious crimes of intentional killing of another human; (2) ensuring proper gender-sensitive training in the judicial system and protecting women in conflict with the law when gender-based violence is involved; (3) developing and implementing programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination; and (4) ensuring fair access to counsel to women sentenced to death or at risk of being sentenced to death. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Uganda’s Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996Foundation for Human Rights InitiativeandThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 81st Session of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women07 February–22 February 2022Submitted 12 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental, nonpartisan and not-for-profit human rights advocacy organisation, registered in Uganda under the Non-Governmental Organizations Act, 2016. FHRI Vision is a society based on a human rights 2and civic culture as a foundation for peace, stability, democracy, social justice and sustainable development. FHRI’s Mission is to promote respect and observance of human rights practices and civic values, enhance best practices through training, education, research, advocacy, ICTs, and strategic partnership. The organisation has Observer Status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, is a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (Paris) and is affiliated to the International Federation of Human Rights Defenders, (FIDH) in Paris, France. It is a membership organisation with a total of 1,515 members. FHRI commands a 29-year experience and expertise in human rights activism in Uganda. FHRI has been at the forefront in monitoring and documenting human rights violations, publication of periodic human rights reports, legal aid service provision to victims of human rights abuse; reporting before regional human rights treaty bodies, the judiciary, parliament, police and prisons; actively campaigns for the abolition of the death penalty including carrying out programmes that promote citizen participation and state accountability. Currently, it is spearheading five campaigns namely; My Rights, My Power, Access to Justice, Rights and Rule of Law, Freedom from Pre-trial detention and the Campaign against the death penalty in Uganda. FHRI is located at the Human Rights House, Plot 1853, John Kiyingi Road, Nsambya, Kampala Uganda.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Uganda’s compliance with its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses Ugandan death penalty laws and cases where women are sentenced to death row in Uganda, primarily for murder. 2. This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key recommendations to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda’s obligations to women under the Convention. These steps, among other things, include: (1) abolishing the death penalty and in the interim, limiting the death penalty to only the most serious crimes of intentional killing of another human; (2) ensuring proper gender-sensitive training in the judicial system and protecting women in conflict with the law when gender-based violence is involved; (3) developing and implementing programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination; and (4) ensuringfair access to counsel to women sentenced to death or at risk of being sentenced to death. Uganda fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with its retention of the death penalty3. Uganda is a retentionist state,1 meaning that it retains the death penalty for ordinary crimes. As of the end of 2020, there were 133+ people on death row in Uganda, which is a decrease from the 250+ people on death row in 2017.2 The last recorded civilian execution occurred in 1999 and the last recorded military execution occurred in 2005.3 Courts have significantly reduced the number of death sentences issued since the landmark 2009 Kigula case,4 with no recorded death sentences in 2017, 5 recorded death sentences in 2018, 2 in 2019, and none in 2020.54. After a court sentences a person to death, the case record is submitted to the Advisory Committee on the Prerogative on Mercy, a committee that is made up of the Attorney General and six Ugandan citizens appointed by the President. The Advisory Committee reviews the defendant’s case and makes a recommendation to the President on clemency, with the President making the final decision. 5. In December 2020, Uganda voted against the General Assembly’s Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty.61 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021, p. 58. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.2 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021, p. 58. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.3 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Uganda Country Profile. Available online at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=82.4 The Ugandan Supreme Court in Kigula held that the death penalty is no longer mandatory for capital offenses. The Ugandan Supreme Court held that various provisions of the laws of Uganda prescribing a mandatory death sentence were inconsistent with the Constitution insofar as they were contrary to the principles of equality before the law and of fair trial. Attorney General v. Susan Kigula & 417 Others (Constitutional Appeal No. 03 OF 2006) [2009] UGSC 6 (21 January 2009). 5 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021, p. 58. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/6 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.4I. The Ugandan Government’s retention of the death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women facing gender-based violence (List of Issues Paragraphs 4 and 10).6. The Committee requested information on the measures taken by the State Party to provide relief and redress by providing access to justice in instances of sexual and gender-based violence.7In addition, the Committee requested information on the measures taken or envisaged by the State Party to assess the impact of the national policy and action on the elimination of gender-based violence.8 The Committee also requested information on how the State Party ensures that all allegations of domestic and sexual violence against women and girls, including sexual assault and rape, are duly investigated.97. The State Party’s response overlooks the need for comprehensive training programs for prosecutors and judges when women are in conflict with the law. Specialized training is particularly important when women are defending themselves against gender-based violence (i.e., defending against an abuser and acting in self-defense). Such training programs are especially important when women are subsequently charged with death-eligible offenses. 8. Women represent a small percentage of people on death row globally.10 As such, there is little recorded information on the number of women on death row. There is limited information on the women who have been sentenced to death or executed in Uganda. In 2018, there were 11 women reported to be on death row in Uganda (i.e., 4% of people on death row).119. There is limited information available on the context of the crimes committed by women who have been sentenced to death in Uganda. However, there is at least one reported case in which the woman was sentenced to death for killing her abuser.12 This case suggests that when women are sentenced to death for killing another human being, legal proceedings ignore gender-based violence and the imbalance in power dynamics between an accused woman and the abusive spouse or family member. 1 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Uganda-Death-Penalty-CEDAW-Final-revised.pdf ) [491] => Array ( [objectID] => 18521 [title] => Lebanon – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1641945600 [date] => 12/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lebanon-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Lebanon's compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women regarding its use of the death penalty.Lebanon has not abolished the death penalty or established a de jure moratorium on the death penalty. The legal system does not protect women in conflict with the law from discrimination on the basis of sex or gender. Nor does it limit capital offenses to the "most serious" crimes.Women migrant domestic workers appear to be at an elevated risk of being sentenced to death. Indeed, all three women known to be on death row in Lebanon are Sri Lankan migrant domestic workers. Such women face heightened obstacles to realizing their right to a fair trial. Moreover, there is no evidence that sentencing authorities take into account a woman's history of abuse when determining an appropriate sentence. Finally, women under sentence of death face degrading conditions of detention. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Lebanon’s Compliance with Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe Lebanese Association for Civil RightsThe Association Justice et MiséricordeandEnsemble contre la peine de mortfor the 81st Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 7–25 February 2022Submitted 12 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights (LACR) was founded in 2003 as a continuation of an action experienced since 1983 by two pioneers of the culture of non-violence in Lebanon and the Arab world: Walid Slaybi and Ogarit Younan. They are both writers, researchers, sociologists, pioneers of active training in Lebanon and grassroots activists. Dr. Younan and Dr. Slaybi were also the founders in 1997 of the National Coalition/Campaign to abolish the death penalty. Recognized for its innovative expertise in the field of active training and non-violent direct action, LACR works for civil peace, citizenship and change the confessional system, socio-economic and political rights, humanistic education, and justice. LACR is a member of several local, regional and international networks, three of which were initiated and coordinated by it. The Association Justice et Miséricorde (AJEM) is a Lebanese Association, a non-political nonprofitable NGO founded in 1996 by Father Hadi Aya “Antonine Order” taking a leading role in the active civil movements targeting various Lebanese prisons. AJEM strongly believes that humanity is a valuable moral shared without discrimination of any kind, and that prison has a rehabilitation role rather than a punitive role. Since 1996, AJEM is working closely with prisoners, prisoners’ families, providing them legal, psychological and social services in addition to vocational trainings. AJEM also works on enhancing the penal justice system and seeking change in the level of respect of basic human rights, preparing the prisoner for reintegration in society, stimulating first-hand mechanisms of freedom deprivation to convey basic humanitarian principles and values, ensuring the right of a fair trial and proper detention conditions, and the rights of refugees in detention or at risk of detention. In addition to that, AJEM helps ensuring detainees get proper health, social, psychological and legal care, advocating against acts of torture and other degrading treatments opposing to basic human rights and works to abolish the death penaltythrough the establishment of the National coalition. against the death penalty and headed the campaign management for several years and carried out many activities.ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) is a French non-governmental organisation that fights against the death penalty worldwide and in all circumstances by uniting and rallying abolitionist forces across the world. The organisation advocates with international bodies and encourages universal abolition through education, information, local partnerships and public awareness campaigns. ECPM earned its legitimacy as a unifying group of the abolitionist movement because of its strong sense of ethics and values. ECPM is the organiser of the World Congresses against the death penalty and a founding member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.3Executive Summary1. This report addresses Lebanon’s compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women regarding its use of the death penalty.2. Lebanon has not abolished the death penalty or established a de jure moratorium on the death penalty. The legal system does not protect women in conflict with the law from discrimination on the basis of sex or gender. Nor does it limit capital offenses to the “most serious” crimes. 3. Women migrant domestic workers appear to be at an elevated risk of being sentenced to death. Indeed, all three women known to be on death row in Lebanon are Sri Lankan migrant domestic workers. Such women face heightened obstacles to realizing their right to a fair trial. Moreover, there is no evidence that sentencing authorities take into account a woman’s history of abuse when determining an appropriate sentence. Finally, women under sentence of death face degrading conditions of detention.Lebanon fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with its retention of the death penaltyI. Lebanon retains the death penalty and has no legislative protections to guard against gender-based discrimination in the context of the death penalty (List of Issues paragraph 4).4. The Government of Lebanon has not ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and has not abolished the death penalty or instituted a de jure moratorium on the practice. In a positive development, Lebanon for the first time voted in favor of the UN General Assembly resolution calling for a worldwide moratorium on the use of the death penalty in December 2020.5. Lebanon has observed a de facto moratorium on executions since 2004, yet judges continue to pass death sentences amidst allegations of due process violations and the absence of genderresponsiveness and gender-sensitive practices in the criminal justice system. Since 2015, Lebanese courts have sentenced at least 90 people to death.1 Lebanese courts sentenced at least 23 people to death in 2019 and at least one person in 2020.2 While there has been a significant decrease in the issuance of death sentences since 2016, and last execution occurred in 2004, the death penalty in Lebanon remains in effect today. There are approximately 53 people on death row today, 3 of whom are women (of whom 2 are waiting for their verdicts to be finalized).36. The Lebanese Constitution guarantees equality before the law, but it makes no explicit reference to discrimination on the basis of sex.1 ECPM, AJEM, LACR, Vivants, Sans l’être: Mission d’Enquête Liban (2020), at 26, available at https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquette-LIBAN-FR-2020-120120-WEB.pdf. 2 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, at 13, available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/wpcontent/uploads/2021/05/ACT5037602021ENGLISH.pdf.3 ECPM, AJEM, LACR, Vivants, Sans l’être: Mission d’Enquête Liban (2020), at 30, available athttps://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquette-LIBAN-FR-2020-120120-WEB.pdf.47. Lebanon continues to impose the death penalty for approximately 20 offenses, including offenses that cannot be considered “most serious” crimes under international law.48. Lebanon’s government legislatively repealed mandatory death penalty sentences for some offenses in 2001.5 The Penal Code usually prescribes set penalties for each crime, with a generic provision for aggravating and attenuating circumstances. Lebanese courts can and do acknowledge extenuating circumstances and instead issue life sentences in lieu of death sentences.6 Anyone who has been sentenced to death may apply for a special pardon, which can only be granted by the President. It is not known how many people have been granted clemency or a pardon in Lebanon following a death sentence.7II. Women migrant domestic workers are particularly at risk of being sentenced to death (List of Issues paragraph 18), and courts sentencing women to death fail to take into account gender-based violence (List of Issues paragraphs 9-10).9. The Committee took note of the lack of legal protections for migrant domestic workers and requested information on measures taken to “[e]nsure that women domestic migrant workers are aware of their rights and have access to legal aid and protection, including s [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Lebanon-CEDAW.pdf ) [492] => Array ( [objectID] => 18472 [title] => No death penalty: Essay on the human dignity of the guilty [timestamp] => 1641859200 [date] => 11/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-death-penalty-essay-on-the-human-dignity-of-the-guilty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Is the death penalty "natural" or sometimes legally due?If not, is the death penalty always a political instrument?If so, how and why can it be said that the death penalty is unjust, also considering religious values?What about in case of war time or of very dangerous criminals?In which way can there be an irrefutable argument for banning the death penalty worldwide and forever?These and other issues concerning the death penalty are addressed by the Author of this book.A book, where the most common theories for and against the death penalty are considered in the light of law history and philosophical views, and where Cesare Beccaria's approach is revised, taking into account the development of the contemporary criminal law and of the legal positivism.This is an essay, where the protection of humanity is not considered simply as a hope or as a naive dream, but rather as a juridical concept, absolutely necessary to understand one of most tragic questions of all time: "is it just to kill those who killed?" [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.it/No-death-penalty-dignity-English-ebook/dp/B09Q997V11 ) [493] => Array ( [objectID] => 18049 [title] => Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain [timestamp] => 1641513600 [date] => 07/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/americans-for-democracy-and-human-rights-in-bahrain-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Americans_for_Democracy_and_Human_Rights_in-Bahrain.png [extrait] => Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) fosters awareness of and support for democracy and human rights in Bahrain and Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC). ADHRB has launched an Anti-Death Penalty Campaign during the summer of 2020 which involved local, national, and international engagements to advocate and lobby for the abolition of the […] [texte] => Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) fosters awareness of and support for democracy and human rights in Bahrain and Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC).ADHRB has launched an Anti-Death Penalty Campaign during the summer of 2020 which involved local, national, and international engagements to advocate and lobby for the abolition of the death penalty and commutation of death sentences of the individuals on death row in Bahrain. The organization has launched social media campaigns, including Instagram, Twitter, and a petition to call on the King of Bahrain to commute death sentences. As for national outreach, ADHRB established correspondence with members of the various national governments (in countries where ADHRB is present: Germany, France, Spain, etc.) and also reached out to numerous NGOs dealing with human rights or the Gulf Region to help our cause. On top of that, Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain are also busy in Brussels at the European Parliament, advocating for the abolition of the death penalty in Bahrain and the Arab Gulf generally.ADHRB has a couple of publications on the death penalty with a special focus on the cases of Mohammad Ramadhan and Husain Moosa:1, https://www.adhrb.org/2020/09/international-call-to-bahrain-end-death-penalty/2, https://www.adhrb.org/2018/02/profiles-in-persecution-mohamed-ramadan-husain-ali-moosa/3, https://www.adhrb.org/2019/07/adhrb-condemns-saudi-arabias-use-of-death-penalty-in-contravention-to-upr-recommendations/4, https://www.adhrb.org/2019/04/bahrain-and-the-death-penalty/5, https://www.adhrb.org/2019/03/adhrb-at-hrc40-saudi-arabias-use-of-the-death-penalty-against-individuals-with-disabilities/6, https://www.adhrb.org/2018/04/bahraini-opposition-leader-sheikh-ali-salman-could-face-death-penalty-as-qatar-trial-is-set-to-conclude-on-21-june/7, https://www.adhrb.org/2020/08/petition-urging-the-bahraini-government-to-stop-executing-dissidents/ [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [494] => Array ( [objectID] => 18026 [title] => Capitalization workshop of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa [timestamp] => 1641254400 [date] => 04/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/capitalization-workshop-of-the-project-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Capitalization_workshop_-project_-abolition_Africa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and African ACATs (Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la Torture) met in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) for the capitalization workshop of Phase 2 of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa, organized on 29 and 30 November by the World […] [texte] => Member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and African ACATs (Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture) met in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) for the capitalization workshop of Phase 2 of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa, organized on 29 and 30 November by the World Coalition in partnership with FIACAT (International Federation of ACAT). (more…) "Capitalization workshop of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [495] => Array ( [objectID] => 17804 [title] => Protest Against Executions Ordered by Minister of Justice Yoshihisa Furukawa [timestamp] => 1640217600 [date] => 23/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/protest-against-executions-ordered-by-minister-of-justice-yoshihisa-furukawa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Japan-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 21 December 2021, Japan’s new governement executed three men after two years with no execution during which Japan hosted the Olympics and the United Nations Congress on Criminal Justice. [texte] => On 21 December 2021, Japan's new governement executed three men after two years with no execution during which Japan hosted the Olympics and the United Nations Congress on Criminal Justice. (more…) "Protest Against Executions Ordered by Minister of Justice Yoshihisa Furukawa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [496] => Array ( [objectID] => 17792 [title] => Sri Lankan expert needed to conduct study on the death penalty – Terms of reference [timestamp] => 1640217600 [date] => 23/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sri-lanka-study-term-of-reference/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting a Sri Lankan consultant to draft a preliminary study on risks, abolitionist civil society and their capacity building needs, people on death row with a focus on gender-based discrimination and the strategy to be pursued to prevent executions and move towards abolition of the death penalty in Sri LankaThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities, and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence. Ojectives of this study a) Identify national civil society actors campaigning against the resumption of executions in their country;b) Analyze the risks related to the project;c) Support the actors in their approach by carrying out a needs assessment as it relates to capacity building;d) Map the situation of people sentenced to death in Sri Lanka with disaggregated data, when availablee) Draw a strategy to be pursued to prevent executions and move towards abolition of the death penalty in Sri LankaThis study will be carried out on the basis of:research carried out by the Author, with the assistance of the members of the World Coalition and the staffindividual interviews with international and national civil society organizations questionnaires sent to civil society organizations in Sri LankaImplementation TimetableEnd of January 2022: Meeting with the World Coalition Sri Lanka Working GroupFebruary-March 2022: Research, interviews and questionnaires1st April 2022: Validation of the study’s detailed plan30 April 2022: Submission of the project’s study15 May 2022: Comments from the World Coalition31 May 2022: Submission of the final study June 2022: Translation and publicationWorking ConditionsConsultancy fees for the writing of the study of € 3,000.Candidates’ ProfileGraduate degree (Master’s or equivalent) in law or political science with significant experience in project management;An excellent understanding of the national context and of the civic space in Sri Lanka;Proven professional experience in drafting studies of at least 5 years;Previous experience in a human rights project in Sri Lanka would be highly valued;A good competence in report writing and analytical skills;Fluency in English and Sinhalese;Candidates should be independent and transparent about any pre-existing relationship to political entities or civil society organizations within Sri Lanka.Application Timeline20 January 2021: Deadline for receipt of bids20-25 January: Analysis of offers and selection of consultantHow to applyThe documents to be submitted are:• CV• A 3-page memo with proposed methodology for the studyApplications should be sent to recrutement [at] worldcoalition.org by 20 January 2021, midnight Paris time. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/WCADP_TDR_StudyCountriesAtRisk-SriLanka2022.pdf ) [497] => Array ( [objectID] => 17744 [title] => NGO Forum and 69th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1639699200 [date] => 17/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/69th-ordinary-session-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CADHP69-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met again virtually for its 69th Ordinary Session from 15 November – 5 December 2021. [texte] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met again virtually for its 69th Ordinary Session from 15 November – 5 December 2021. (more…) "NGO Forum and 69th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [498] => Array ( [objectID] => 18342 [title] => Children who are Impacted by a Family Member’s Death Sentence or Execution: Information for Mental Health Professionals [timestamp] => 1639180800 [date] => 11/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-who-are-impacted-by-a-family-members-death-sentence-or-execution-information-for-mental-health-professionals/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This tip sheet provides some guidelines for mental health professionals who may encounter or work with children and families related to individuals who have been sentenced to death or executed. [texte] => Children Who Are Impacted by a Family Member’sDeath Sentence or Execution:Information for Mental Health ProfessionalsIntroduction: Who is Affected? In 2021 the death penalty is legal in 27 of the 50 United States, in federal jurisdictions, and in the US military. About 1,500 people have been executed in the U.S. since 1976, and about 2,500 are currently on death row throughout the country. Affected children include those with any familial relationship to the death-sentenced or executed individual (see sidebar, page 2: What We Mean by “Child” and “Family Member”). Providers should know that children may be affected even when an execution happened before the child was born, or in cases where the familial connection was not close. Providers should also be aware that in cases of intrafamilial murder, a child may be related to both the victim and the individual facing execution.This tip sheet provides some guidelines for mental health professionals who may encounter or work with children and families related to individuals who have been sentenced to death or executed.In this document, “child” should be understood as an umbrella term that includes a wide range of ages, from young children to adolescents or young adults.We recognize that the term family means different things to different people; some define it only in terms of a biological or legal connection and others define it more broadly to include anyone with whom there is a close feeling of connection. In this document, we are using the term “family member” primarily to mean someone to whom the child is related biologically or legally, even if the child has not lived with that individual. Thus, in addition to close relatives such as parents and siblings, the term “family member” here could refer to stepparents, stepsiblings, grandparents, stepgrandparents, cousins, aunts and uncles, in-laws. It could refer to someone whom the child has not known directly (for example, a grandparent who was executed before the child was born). It does not necessarily refer to someone with whom the child has had a close emotional connection, because children may be impacted by other family members’ preoccupation and involvement with that individual’s death sentence or execution, even if they themselves don’t feel a close connection. We also recognize that much of what is presented in this tip sheet could apply to a situation in which there is no biological or legal connection between the death-sentenced or executed individual and the child, but the nature of the relationship is such that the child, or significant members of the child’s family, consider that individual to be a family member.What we mean by “child” and “family member:”Children want you to know that they may...You can help when you...•feel different from others with family members who are incarcerated but not on death row•feel a sense of constant threat engendered by the family member’s death sentence•screen for incarcerated family members and then also for whether an incarcerated family member is on death row•assess impact on child’s physical health and mental health functioning•use results of this screening and assessment to tailor treatment planning•have distorted or limited information about their family member’s alleged crime or death sentence•have picked up information that they were not told directly; some children say, years later, “I understood more than I let on.”•have questions about what the family member did•have questions about details of the family’s past (such as abuse history) that may have come to light during the investigation and litigation process•ask caregivers what they have told the child•use open-ended questions to gather information. (For example: “What have you heard about [your family member’s] situation? What do you think that means/What do you think will happen next?”)•offer to work in partnership with the caregiver to meet the child’s need for correct or complete information•have complicated and shifting feelings about their family member on death row, including loving them, being angry, feeling ambivalent or conflicted•want different types of contact with the family member at different times•ask about desired contact with the family member on death row, and revisit the conversation regularly as desires about contact may change•provide psychoeducation and normalize a child’s experiencing conflicting and ambivalent feelings•help children understand their options for contact: letters, phone calls, visits; limited or no contact; right to change frequency or type of contact any time; right to choose who they want involved or supporting them in navigating decisions and logistics about contact•resent the time and emotional energy that other family members spend talking about, visiting, or advocating for the individual on death row•be overly preoccupied with or overly disinterested in the family member’s situation; disinterest may be a way of managing their own emotions or their reactions to other family members’ preoccupation and devotion of time and energy•anticipate and ask about feelings of resentment and reassure them that it is OK to have those feelings•show interest in the child’s own emotions and experience; through your sessions, provide a regular opportunity for the child to be the focus of attention•help the adults in the family brainstorm ways to devote some time and attention to the child or bring in other supports if possible (for example, a “big sibling” or other adult mentor)•aid the child in thinking about or remembering the death-sentenced or executed family member in manageable ways that are meaningful to that child (e.g. art, writing, music, or ritual)•be experiencing cycles of emotional ups and downs as their family member goes through the death penalty litigation process, which can last several years and include repeated cycles of execution date, last-minute stay of execution, and then another execution date•sometimes express a wish that the execution would happen already so as not to have to keep going through these cycles, and may also express guilt or shame for having these feelings•recognize the effect of this rollercoaster on the child’s and family members’ mental and physical health and take that into account in diagnosis, treatment planning, and psychoeducation•establish yourself as a safe person with whom to share a full range of feelings at any stage of the processChildren Who Are Impacted by a Family Member’s Death Sentence or Execution: Information for Mental Health Professionals Page 2Children want you to know that they may...You can help when you...•experience stigma, judgment, and exclusion from natural supports such as faith or social communities•feel that they are viewed as being “guilty by association”; one daughter said of others in her life, “They looked at it like, the whole family must be bad.”•help the family identify welcoming and inclusive social supports, where possible, while recognizing that doing so may be particularly challenging in these cases•help connect family members of death-sentenced or executed individuals for peer support•feel that they don’t have the “right to grieve” after an execution; e.g., one daughter recalled that after her father’s execution, a friend said, “I don’t understand why you feel bad, he got what he deserved”•acknowledge and validate the child’s grief•help the child and family create meaningful activities or rituals to honor their family member and support their grieving process•be confused about who is responsible for the death of their family member•hear or be told that “the state” or “[specific state name]” is the entity seeking or responsible for the death of the family member•have questions about the scope of the responsibility (e.g., a child may ask if this means everyone in this state is responsible, or if another program or facility with the state name in the title is responsible)•remain alert to indications of possible confusion, fear, or questions about scope of responsibility, and work to provide clarifying information as appropriate while also acknowledging the child’s feelings•have been shamed, harassed, or excluded by others (at school or elsewhere) for having a family member who is on death row or has been executed. Coverage of the case in the news media or on social media may escalate this.•communicate welcome and acceptance•partner with parents/caregivers to intervene with the child’s school in cases of bullying, if necessary and appropriate to do so•help the child to build a sense of identity separate from their connection to the family member who has been sentenced to death or executed•feel personally isolated or shamed if the death penalty is mentioned or debated in a classroom discussion, even if it is a general discussion unrelated to their family member’s case•be asked direct questions about their family member by peers or teachers, especially in cases that are receiving a lot of media attention•help children feel empowered to decide whether, and how, to share information about their personal connection to the issue or request to step out of the classroom during the discussion•help children come up with language and talking points for what to say when teachers or peers ask them about their family member•have witnessed others calling for or cheering their family member’s death•be especially wary about opening up to you and may need to ask you how you feel about the death penalty or about their family member’s death sentence or execution•consider ways to signal welcome and inclusion at the start (e.g., in public profiles, explicitly list “family members of individuals sentenced to death or executed” among the populations you treat; have a sticker or flyer visible in your office with an individual or group name that will be familiar to the child or family as part of their community)•consider receiving further training and being added to a referral list of clinicians who have received training [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.nctsn.org/resources/children-who-are-impacted-by-a-family-members-death-sentence-or-execution-for-mh-professionals ) [499] => Array ( [objectID] => 17727 [title] => Advisory on the Increased Vulnerabilty of Women Migrant Workers on Death Row [timestamp] => 1638489600 [date] => 03/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advisory-on-the-increased-vulnerabilty-of-women-migrant-workers-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines issues this advisory to bring the Philippines’ attention to the heightened vulnerabilities of women Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). [texte] => " I. OVERVIEWThe Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines issues this advisory tobring the Philippines’ attention to the heightened vulnerabilities of womenOverseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). This phenomenon is not unique to thePhilippines and is reflective of the wider plight of migrant workers, particularlythose from neighboring Southeast Asian countries. Many women OFWs obtainemployment as domestic workers, particularly in the Gulf states, which haveperpetually failed to adequately protect the labor rights and human rights ofboth migrant workers and women alike. This compounded disadvantage by wayof gender and migrant status can place women OFWs in precarious positionswith respect to their employment.""Egregious and unsafe working conditions place women OFWs at risk ofphysical, sexual, and emotional abuse by their employers. In countries thatretain the death penalty, this culture of labor rights abuse and exploitation isespecially dangerous, and may contribute to women OFWs inadvertently andforcibly committing crimes, either in self-defense or as a result of humantrafficking.""With regard to offenses committed in the course of employment, poverty, lowliteracy, and cultural barriers may preclude women OFWs from obtaining a faircapital trial, as they will often lack the resources and education to adequatelydefend their case. This has already resulted in women OFWs being sentencedto death, thereby trapping them in a foreign legal system they may struggle tounderstand.""On countless occasions, the Philippines has demonstrated its commitment tocampaigning for the rights of OFWs, particularly those on death row. In order tocontinue protecting the rights of vulnerable OFWs, the Philippines should notreintroduce the death penalty. By remaining an abolitionist state, the Philippineswill maintain its established reputation and legitimacy in fighting for the rights ofOFWs sentenced to death in foreign jurisdictions.""II. BACKGROUNDA. Key Statistics and ContextAccording to the International Labor Organization, there are approximately 11.5million migrant domestic workers globally, 1 with at least one in four being aFilipina.2 The migration of Filipino workers for employment forms a significantpart of the Philippines’ economic and social development. Of the 2.2 million OFWswho travelled between April and September 2019, women constituted 56% ofOFWs, with 62.5% of women OFWs seeking work in elementary occupations.3There is a higher proportion of Filipinas who migrate for employment each yearcompared to the global average of 44.3%.4""However, women OFWs face ‘particular vulnerabilities’,5including a heightenedrisk of being trafficked, used for or enticed into drug trafficking, and beingsubjected to physical or sexual abuse. They may be impeded by linguistic issuesand barriers to legal representation. Consequently, women OFWs may be at adisproportionate risk of receiving the death penalty. The leading destinations forwomen OFWs, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) andQatar, retain and actively apply the death penalty. So, although women constituteless than 5% of the world’s death row inmates,6 approximately 25% of Filipinos ondeath row overseas are women.7""B. The Philippines’ Efforts in Upholding the Rights of FemaleWorkersThe Philippine government has been particularly proactive in recognizing theelevated threat of exploitation overseas and pursuing strategies to improve therights and working conditions of OFWs. As one of the first States to ratify the ILODomestic Workers’ Convention 2011,8 and subsequently passing the DomesticWorkers Law 2013, the Philippines has served as a regional and global model inadvocating for the protection of migrant workers’ rights.9 This is also evidenced bythe Philippines’ ratification of the International Convention on the Protection ofthe Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families.10""In the domestic sphere, the Philippine government has enacted a range oflegislative instruments to help remedy the plight of women OFWs. The mostnotable example is Republic Act No. 8042, also known as the Migrant Workersand Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 (‘MWOFA’), which mandates gender-specificprograms and services,11 and explicitly acknowledges the ‘significant role of womenin nation building’ and their ‘particular vulnerabilities’ as OFWs.12""The MWOFA has been subsequently amended by Republic Act No. 9422 andRepublic Act No. 10022, both of which have reinforced the existing protectionmeasures afforded to OFWs. Republic Act No. 9422, for example, compels thePhilippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) to inform migrantworkers of their respective rights and appropriate avenues of redress.13 Similarly,Republic Act No. 10022, sometimes referred to as the Amended Migrant WorkersAct of 2010 (‘AMWA’), empowers the POEA to deliver mandated Pre-EmploymentOrientation Seminars on topics such as ‘gender-sensitivity’.1""This statutory regime is further complemented by Republic Act No. 9710—the‘Magna Carta of Women’.15 The Act, which is modeled from the Convention on theElimination of All Forms of Violence Against Women (CEDAW), 16 imposesspecific duties on the State and its agencies to protect and promote the rights ofmigrant women, regardless of their work status, 17 and to provide employmentopportunities and skills training for returning women OFWs.18""However, the Philippine government’s efforts in safeguarding the rights of womenOFWs, and OFWs more generally, have not been beyond reproach. Despite a 2017legal review finding a general ‘high level of compliance’ with CEDAW by thePhilippines,19 the CEDAW Committee has nevertheless expressed concern over thecontinued and widespread ‘exploitation and abuse of Filipina migrant workersworking abroad’, and the ‘insufficient support’ provided by the State to reintegratethose who return.2""Indeed, the latest CEDAW-based legal review, conducted in 2016, also founddeficiencies within the Philippines’ legislative framework that amounted to ‘noncompliance’ with the Convention. This included a failure by the MWOFA tomandate the provision of legal services ‘in order to avert a breach or a violation ofa right’,21 and a lack of mechanisms designed to protect or monitor women OFWswho find jobs ‘independently of recruitment agencies or via informal channels’.22Partial compliance was also declared in areas such as repatriation, which wasunduly confined to where there had been termination of employment.23""Initiatives by the current administration have likewise attracted criticism. Theapproval of House Bill No. 5832, which proposes to create a new departmentdedicated to protecting the welfare of OFWs, has been described as ‘encouragingthe export of Filipino manpower’ and a ‘poor substitute’ for the guarantee of livingwages and secure employment within the Philippines.24 Furthermore, migrationbans, including the ban on the passage of domestic workers to Kuwait in January2018 following the murder of Joanna Demafelis, a woman OFW,25 have arguablyviolated the rights of women OFWs under international law. Such restrictions notonly disproportionately target the women-dominated sector of domestic work, butalso push vulnerable women OFWs into irregular migration channels. 26 Bydiscriminating against women and impeding their freedom of movement and rightto work, government-issued migration bans arguably violate CEDAW and theILO’s Domestic Workers’ Convention.27Taking the country’s achievements and criticisms into account, the Philippinesshould continue to uphold and improve these standards to retain its position toadvocate for the rights and better working conditions of women OFWs.""III. PLIGHT OF WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERSA. Working Conditions & Lack of Labor RightsThe 2011 report by the Committee on Overseas Workers’ Affairs by the PhilippinesHouse of Representatives elucidated the plight of women OFWs, particularlydomestic workers, who are ‘cast into very oppressive conditions of work, wherephysical abuse and rape are rampant’.28 Furthermore, it has been found that 2.4million domestic workers in the Gulf region are working in conditions of slavery.29It is common for OFWs to endure 18-hour work days with no overtime pay or restdays, and be deprived from contacting their families.30""The kafala sponsorship system in the Gulf states ensures the visas of foreignworkers are inextricably tied to their employers for the duration of theemployment. This restricts OFWs from leaving their jobs or the country withouttheir employer’s permission.31 Additionally, domestic workers can be exploitedfinancially. Globally, employers of domestic workers save PHP 382.9 billion peryear by withholding wages.32""Although Philippine domestic laws mandate that the human rights of OFWs are tobe respected in the countries in which they work, 33 in practice, this is notguaranteed.""The Philippines, as a sending country, maintains a more proactive and prominentrole in comparison to other nations in protecting the rights of its OFWs. Notably,the Philippines requires OFWs to be paid the highest minimum wage,approximately $400USD per month for overseas work in the domestic servicesector,34 and provides shelter to women seeking to escape abusive employment.35However, countless OFWs are still subjected to unreported instances of longworking hours coupled with physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Despite this inherent and acute risk to their health and safety, the allure of an income to support their families leads many Filipinos to continue travelling overseas for work.""Abusive employers largely escape conviction for their crimes due to inadequatemigrant worker protections. Meanwhile, OFWs are disproportionately punishednot only for allegedly committing crimes of a similar gravity, but also for makingcomplaints about their abusive treatment. If they report employers’ exploitativepractices, OFWs may be dealt counter-accusations for capital offenses,36 includingcrimes of witchcra [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CHRP-Advisory-on-Women-Migrant-Workers-on-Death-Row.pdf ) [500] => Array ( [objectID] => 17710 [title] => Women Sentenced to Death Showcased on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1638489600 [date] => 03/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/showcased-19th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/19th-world-day-Journalists_media_parley_Lagos-500x250.jpg [extrait] => With the theme “Women sentenced death: an invisible reality”, the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty aimed to highlight the issues faced by women who are sentenced to death, executed, pardoned or exonerated around the world. [texte] => With the theme "Women sentenced death: an invisible reality", the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty aimed to highlight the issues faced by women who are sentenced to death, executed, pardoned or exonerated around the world. (more…) "Women Sentenced to Death Showcased on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon [1] => Indonesia [2] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [3] => Morocco [4] => Nigeria [5] => Pakistan [6] => Sierra Leone [7] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [501] => Array ( [objectID] => 18291 [title] => Worked to Death: A study on migrant workers and capital punishment [timestamp] => 1637712000 [date] => 24/11/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/worked-to-death-a-study-on-migrant-workers-and-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Foreign nationals, and within this group migrant workers, are a population that disproportionately faces the death penalty around the world. The data and statistics gathered by Reprieve and Migrant CARE for this report show that migrant workers as a sub-set of the foreign national population are at grave risk of human rights violations related to the death penalty, including arbitrary deprivation of the right to life in the context of unlawful death sentences and executions.This report focuses on: states that receive migrant workers (‘receiving states’), in particular the states that make up the Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN (‘South East Asian states’) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (‘Gulf states’), and on states from which migrant workers travel to work (‘sending states’). [texte] => ExecutiveSummaryForeign nationals, and within this group migrant workers,are a population that disproportionately faces the deathpenalty around the world. The data and statistics gatheredby Reprieve and Migrant CARE for this report show thatmigrant workers as a sub-set of the foreign national populationare at grave risk of human rights violations relatedto the death penalty, including arbitrary deprivation of theright to life in the context of unlawful death sentences andexecutions.This report focuses on: states that receive migrant workers(‘receiving states’), in particular the states that makeup the Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN(‘South East Asian states’) and the Gulf CooperationCouncil (‘Gulf states’), and on states from which migrantworkers travel to work (‘sending states’).In the Gulf states, foreign nationals are overwhelminglyand disproportionately represented on death rows andare disproportionately executed, particularly for drugoffences. Within this group, women are disproportionatelyrepresented in some states.In Malaysia and Indonesia, foreign nationals are similarlydisproportionately represented on death rows. In Indonesiaover the past 10 years, foreign nationals have beendisproportionately executed, particularly for drug offences.90% of those executed in Indonesia for drug offences inthe past decade were foreign nationals.According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of ForeignAffairs, between 2008 and 2021 there were 583 Indonesianmigrant workers who faced the death penalty in 7 receivingstates. 392 of those individuals escaped the deathpenalty, and 6 have been executed. Legal proceedings areongoing in 188 of those cases.Malaysia and Saudi Arabia are the two receiving stateswith the highest numbers of death penalty cases ofIndonesian migrant workers. Migrant CARE’s findingsshow that of the migrants who face the death penalty inMalaysia and Saudi Arabia, 72% are women, of whom 66%are charged with murder, 14% with drug offences and 14%with allegations of witchcraft.In relation to sending states such as Nigeria and Pakistanour research shows that migrant workers are often notafforded an adequate standard of consular assistanceby their home countries in breach of international law.Adequate consular assistance can make the differencebetween life and death for a foreign national facing thedeath penalty.Our research also shows that the disproportionateapplication of the death penalty to foreign nationals andmigrant workers in particular can be attributed to thefact that migrant workers are in a particularly vulnerableposition due to various interconnected factors, includinga lack of access to legal representation in an unfamiliarjurisdiction, language barriers, socio-economic disadvantage,social isolation, discrimination, and a lack of accessto adequate consular assistance due to failings by bothreceiving and sending states.13In addition, often having or perceived as having accessto passports and therefore the ability to travel internationally,but being typically poor, isolated and withoutlocal support networks, migrant workers are vulnerableto becoming victims of trafficking and being coerced intocommitting crimes which carry sentences of death. This isparticularly true for migrant women, a large proportion ofwhom work in private homes, informal sectors and sectorsof work which are mostly unregulated.There is a legal framework, underpinned by both internationallaw and regional human rights instruments, which isintended to uphold the rights of migrant workers, includingthe non-punishment principle which is meant to protectvictims of human trafficking from being punished for actsthat arose from their trafficking. Death sentences for victimsof trafficking are the starkest violations of that principle.The fact that hundreds of foreign nationals, including migrantworkers, have been executed in breach of inter national lawin recent years confirms that these protections are not widelyadhered to and/or not implemented effectively.Drawing on examples of best practice by both sending andreceiving states, the report concludes by making recommendationson the following issues:• the obligations of receiving states to notify migrantworkers of their right to consular assistance and toprovide access to consular assistance; and the obligationof sending states to provide adequate consular assistanceto migrant workers facing the death penalty;• the obligations of sending and receiving states to safeguardagainst the arbitrary deprivation of the right tolife in death penalty cases in line with international law;• the need for all sending and receiving states to ratify theUnited Nations International Convention on the Protectionof the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members ofTheir Families, and to ensure protection from abuse andexploitation by employers of migrant workers and otherstakeholders such as recruitment agencies;• the obligations of sending and receiving states toidentify and protect victims of human trafficking anduphold the non-punishment principle; and• the obligations of sending states to implement rehabilitationprogrammes for migrant workers who have beenreleased from death row and their family members, andthe family members of those who have been executed.45Migrant workers positively impact the social and economicdevelopment of their countries of origin, transit anddestination, a fact recognised in the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment.1 In receiving states, they fill labourand skills shortages, contribute to social security schemes,and promote entrepreneurship, whilst sending statesbenefit from high remittance flows and the importation ofcritical skills through return migration and transnationalcommunity links. It is estimated that in 2020 migrantworkers numbered 164 million and contributed USD 689billion in remittances globally.2A significant proportion of the world’s migrant workers travelfrom South Asia and South East Asia to work in the Gulf,and between South East Asian states.3 Among the top 20 ofthe world’s receiving states are Saudi Arabia, the UnitedArab Emirates (‘UAE’), Thailand and Malaysia. Among thetop 20 sending states are the Philippines, Indonesia andMyanmar.4 Many of the countries in the Gulf and South EastAsia are retentionist,5 maintaining the death penalty for awide range of offences including drug offences, and imposingthe death penalty in breach of fair trial protections andthrough processes tainted by torture.6Most migrant workers in Gulf and South East Asian States arein vulnerable situations. The majority are very poor, have limitedsocial capital, have no support network locally, face genderand racial discrimination and are gravely disadvantagedby virtue of not speaking the language of their host countries.Migrant workers who find themselves on the wrong side ofthe law are in particularly precarious positions.All of the Gulf states7 and half of all ASEAN states (Indonesia,Thailand, Singapore, Viet Nam and Malaysia)8 retainthe death penalty, including for offences which do notmeet the threshold of ‘most serious crimes’ stipulated underArticle 6 International Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights (‘ICCPR’), such as drug offences.9 Moreover, as casestudies in this report show, the death penalty is routinelyimposed in breach of fair trial protections and followingprocesses tainted by torture in these jurisdictions.International experts have warned that foreign nationalsare often in a particularly vulnerable position whenfacing death penalty charges and have little or no defenceagainst the law enforcement systems of the countrieswhere they find themselves, noting that this is particularlythe case with migrant workers.10Background& key statistics 26Data gathered by civil society confirms that foreignnationals are disproportionately sentenced to death andexecuted in Gulf states.• As of February 2021, Bangladeshi nationals representnearly 30% (8 out of 26) of the individuals currently onBahrain’s death row facing imminent execution.11• Between 1964 and 2017, Kuwait executed 80 people,and of the 79 of these individuals whose nationality isknown, 70.8% were foreign nationals.12• Of the at least 184 people executed in Saudi Arabiain 2019, the majority (52%) were foreign nationals13and, of the 27 people executed in 2020, 8 were foreignnationals.14 In 2021 so far, at least another seven foreignnationals have been executed.15 Based on MigrantCARE’s records, between 2008 and 2021, there were fiveIndonesian migrant worker women who were executed.• Whilst foreign nationals account for around a third ofthe population of Saudi Arabia, they accounted foralmost half of the 2,208 executions recorded between1985 and 2015.16 During the reign of King Salman, whichbegan in 2015, foreign nationals have represented 73%of those executed for drug offences.17• Although no executions are known to have been carriedout in the UAE since 2017, courts have continued to issuedeath sentences, the majority of which have been imposedon foreign nationals.18 To the knowledge of Migrant CARE,there were four Indonesian migrant workers who faced thedeath penalty in the UAE between 2007 and 2021.• Of the approximately 200 people known to be on deathrow in the UAE, only 19 are Emirati nationals.19 Thefigures are even starker when considering the femaledeath row population: 8 of the 9 women known to be ondeath row are foreign nationals.20• Data collected by Reprieve shows that every single personknown to have faced the death penalty for drug offences inthe UAE since 1998 has been a foreign national.21• The only execution recorded in Qatar since 2003 was ofAnil Chaudhary - a Nepalese migrant worker executedin May 2020 by firing squad. Although he had been sentencedto death almost three years earlier, the Nepaleseembassy was informed of his sentence only the daybefore his execution.22Disaggregated data from South East Asian states is harderto gather. In Singapore, annual reports from the governmentdo not [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia [1] => Malaysia [2] => Nigeria [3] => Pakistan [4] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/uk/2021/11/23/worked-to-death/ ) [502] => Array ( [objectID] => 18292 [title] => Killing in the Name of God: State-sanctioned Violations of Religious Freedom [timestamp] => 1636502400 [date] => 10/11/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-in-the-name-of-god-state-sanctioned-violations-of-religious-freedom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As of 2020, blasphemy was formally criminalised in some 84 countries. As many as 21 countries criminalised apostasy as of 2019. The legal penalties for such offences range from fines to imprisonment to corporal punishment—and in at least 12 countries, the death penalty.This report examines the extent to which States commit, or are complicit in, killings that violate religious freedom. Focussing on the 12 States in which offences against religion are lawfully punishable by death, we examine four different types of State-sanctioned killings on the basis of religious offence (apostasy, blasphemy, or alike) or affiliation (most commonly, membership of a religious minority): judicial executions, extrajudicial killings, killings by civilians, and killings by extremist groups. We explore the relationship between the retention of the death penalty for religious offences and other forms of State-sanctioned killings motivated by alleged religious offending or by religious identity. [texte] => This timely and significant report—Killing in the Name of God: State-Sanctioned Violations ofReligious Freedom—comes as we continue to live through the human tragedy and widespreaduncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has disproportionately affectedcertain marginalised groups, and I have been deeply concerned by the rising number ofreported acts of discrimination, hostility, and violence against religious and belief minorities.In my capacity as the United Nations mandate holder for freedom of religion and belief,I routinely call upon States and non-State actors to uphold this fundamental human right andhighlight its violations in many countries worldwide. In July 2021, I drew the internationalcommunity’s attention to the dire situation of Ahmadiyya Muslims. Targeted on the basis oftheir religious identity, they have endured hatred, violence and stigmatisation, includingthrough unfounded conspiracy theories that they have caused and spread COVID-19. In thename of ‘protecting’ national security, Shi’a Muslims in Saudi Arabia and Baha’is in Iran havebeen arbitrarily detained, incarcerated and even executed.Furthermore, the return of Taliban rule in August 2021 strongly suggests thatAfghanistan’s diverse ethnic and religious or belief minorities are at heightened risk ofviolence and repression, given the Taliban’s history of violently targeting these vulnerablecommunities. Concerningly, the Taliban and others also have invoked religious precepts toperpetrate violence and discrimination against women, girls and lesbian, gay, bisexual, andtransgender persons.Against this backdrop, Killing in the Name of God: State-Sanctioned Violations of ReligiousFreedom comes at an urgent juncture. There has been a surge of religious intoleranceworldwide, including revival of anti-blasphemy and anti-apostasy laws. These laws cannotbe justified under the international human rights law framework precisely because thisframework protects individuals, rather than religions or beliefs. Nonetheless, these lawsrestrict the freedom to express views which may be deemed offensive to certain religiousor belief communities, generally invoking national security, public order, or morality.The report examines twelve countries that have retained the death penalty as a lawfulpossibility for offences against religion, such as blasphemy, apostasy, and proselytising. Theauthors persuasively argue that the existence of such provisions that privilege certain religionsover others, or expect strict adherence to a religion recognised as a State religion, have adevastating impact. Even in jurisdictions where the death penalty is not imposed for offencesagainst religion, its mere lawful possibility—codified or not—stifles the freedoms of religionor belief and expression. In some countries, this possibility also fosters an environment inwhich people feel entitled to engage in mob violence against those accused of offendingreligious morals. The report is a scathing indictment of overreach of criminal law, where Statepower is wielded to kill individuals for offending religious doctrines.8The UN ‘Faith for Rights’ framework aims to foster the development of peacefulsocieties that uphold human dignity and equality for all and where diversity is not justtolerated, but fully respected and celebrated. Community leaders, politicians, and civil societygroups are instrumental actors in speaking out against intolerance, discrimination, and hatespeech. Notably, religious or belief leaders can play a crucial role in translating ‘faith’ into thelanguage of ‘rights’ and vice versa, thereby engaging their considerable influence over the heartsand minds of millions of people to defend diversity, peace, and freedom. Ultimately, Statesmust protect freedom of religion or belief for everyone, everywhere and at all times—andone clear step towards realisation of that goal is to abolish the death penalty for offencesagainst religion.Written in October 2021, in celebration of the World Day Against the Death Penalty.Ahmed ShaheedUN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or beliefAhmed Shaheed was appointed as Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief by theUN Human Rights Council in 2016. Mr Shaheed is Deputy Director of the Human Rights Centre,University of Essex, UK.9EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSince 2015, numerous States have repealed blasphemy laws that had not been used fordecades: Iceland (2015), Norway (2015), Malta (2016), Denmark (2018), Canada (2018),Greece (2019), New Zealand (2019), Ireland (2020), and Scotland (2021). This wave ofreform was directly inspired by al-Qaeda’s brutal killing of 12 people at the Paris officesof satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, motivated by the newspaper’s publication of acaricature of the Prophet Muhammad. This same trend has not, however, been mirroredin countries where Islam is the State religion. In 2019, Brunei introduced the deathpenalty for apostasy and blasphemy. In 2018, Mauritania amended its laws such that thedeath penalty became mandatory for apostasy and blasphemy. While Sudan abolishedapostasy in 2020, this was part of a series of reforms introduced by the newadministration to make Sudan a secular State.As of 2020, blasphemy was formally criminalised in some 84 countries (Fiss andKestenbaum, 2020:8). As many as 21 countries criminalised apostasy as of 2019 (HumanistsInternational, 2019:18). Keeping in mind that acts in the vein of apostasy and blasphemy mayalso be encompassed under alternate criminal laws,1 the number of States in which offencesagainst religion are informally criminalised is likely much higher. The legal penalties for suchoffences range from fines to imprisonment to corporal punishment—and in at least 12countries,2 the death penalty.This report examines the extent to which States commit, or are complicit in, killings thatviolate religious freedom. Focussing on the 12 States in which offences against religion arelawfully punishable by death, we examine four different types of State-sanctioned killings onthe basis of religious offence (apostasy, blasphemy, or alike) or affiliation (most commonly,membership of a religious minority): judicial executions, extrajudicial killings, killings bycivilians, and killings by extremist groups. We explore the relationship between the retentionof the death penalty for religious offences and other forms of State-sanctioned killingsmotivated by alleged religious offending or by religious identity.An examination of death penalty policy and practice since 2010 found that:• Apostasy is punishable by death in at least 11 countries.3 This is codified in threecountries;4 elsewhere, the death penalty is prescribed by unwritten Shari’a law.• Blasphemy is punishable by death in at least seven countries,5 four of which prescribethe death penalty in legislation.61 States have also treated blasphemous acts as violations of laws prohibiting conversion, hate speech, extremism, andwitchcraft (Fiss and Kestenbaum, 2020:7).2 Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Maldives, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, andYemen.3 It is unclear whether apostasy carries the death penalty in Nigeria.4 Brunei, Mauritania, and Yemen.5 Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia.6 Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, and Pakistan.10• Islam is the State religion in 11 of the 12 countries; Nigeria is secular. In all 12countries, the death penalty for offences against religion stems from, and is justified onthe basis of, Islamic law.• Death sentences were imposed for offences against religion in at least six countries,7and executions were carried out in at least one: Iran.• The death penalty appears to have been used to persecute religious minorities in twocountries: Iran and Saudi Arabia. In both cases, religious minorities were grosslyoverrepresented in execution statistics, and killed in circumstances suggesting that thecharges of which they were formally convicted (political, security, or drug-relatedoffences) were a guise.Looking beyond the death penalty, the following forms of State-sanctioned killing havebeen documented since 2010:• Extrajudicial killings in four countries, including:– Direct killings of religious offenders in Pakistan, and of religious minorities bysecurity forces in Nigeria and Yemen.– Deaths in custody of religious offenders in Pakistan, and of religious minoritiesin Iran and Saudi Arabia.– Enforced disappearances of religious minorities in Yemen.• Killings by civilians in four countries, including:– Vigilantism and mob justice against persons accused of having committedoffences against religion in Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan.– Assassinations of persons deemed sympathetic to religious offenders (such aslawyers and politicians) in Pakistan.– Hate crimes motivated by victims’ religious affiliations in Iran and Pakistan.• Killings by violent extremist groups in four countries, including:– Killings (including quasi-judicial executions) by al-Shabaab in territory over whichit exercises de facto control in Somalia.– Assassinations by al-Qaeda affiliates in collusion with the State in Maldives.– The decades-long pattern of gross and systematic killing of Hazaras byextremist groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in response to which these Stateshave been unable or unwilling to intervene.As the title of this report indicates, all killings documented were carried out ‘in the nameof God’; that is, they were motivated by, and justified on the basis of, conservative—andsometimes extremist—interpretations of Islam. However, our examination of internationalhuman rights standards and Islamic law suggests that the two are not irreconcilable. Indeed,our analysis concludes that Islam does not mandate—and indeed denounces, or evenprohibits—homicidal violations of religious freedom.Armed with this more progressive interpretation of Islam, we reviewed existing advocacyefforts by various stakeholders through the lens of norm localisation t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brunei Darussalam [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Maldives [3] => Mauritania [4] => Nigeria [5] => Qatar [6] => Saudi Arabia [7] => Somalia [8] => United Arab Emirates [9] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/report/Killing_in_the_Name_of_God_State-sanctioned_Violations_of_Religious_Freedom/16748866 ) [503] => Array ( [objectID] => 18298 [title] => Chinese Netizens’ Opinions on Death Sentences [timestamp] => 1635984000 [date] => 04/11/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinese-netizens-opinions-on-death-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The People’s Republic of China no doubt leads the world in both numbers of death sentences and executions. Despite being the largest user of the death penalty, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward capital punishment, while claiming “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use. Based on a content analysis of 38,512 comments collected from 63 cases in 2015, this study examines the diversity and rationales of netizens’ opinions of and interactions with China’s criminal justice system. In addition, the book discusses China’s social, systemic, and structural problems and critically examines the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Habermas’s communicative rationality framework. Readers will be able to contextualize Chinese netizens’ discussions and draw conclusions about commonalities and uniqueness of China’s death penalty practice. [texte] => Recently published by the University of Michigan Press, our new book (co-authored with Dr. Jianhong Liu from the University of Macao), titled Chinese Netizens’ Opinions on Death Sentences: An Empirical Examination, examined Chinese public opinion on the death penalty through the lens of Chinese netizens’ (Internet users) comments on 63 capital cases in 2015 (with a total of 38,512 comments). Compared with the rich Western literature, empirical research on this subject is still extremely limited in non-Western nations, including China. As the state which carries out the most executions worldwide, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward the death penalty (let alone conducted a referendum), although it often claims “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use of the death penalty. This post provides an overview of this study, setting out the methodology utilised in the research, the key issues that were addressed, and the main lessons regarding Chinese netizens’ views on capital punishment.Unique methodologyBased on a content analysis of Chinese netizens’ opinions about China’s death sentences, our study provides the first in-depth examination of what Chinese netizens think about various death sentences and executions in China, and how and why they favour or oppose such sentences and executions. Methodologically, our qualitative data fill a significant gap in studies of Chinese public opinion on capital punishment, and complement previous quantitative survey studies in this field.Front cover of the book 'Chinese Netizens' Opinions on Death Sentences'Given the impracticability of conducting a nationally representative survey in China and other weaknesses associated with survey studies (e.g. survey questions often lack specific contexts and only tap into respondents’ general and abstract opinions, while their opinions are subject to change given different circumstances), we turned to a forum of public comments (the website sina.com.cn) from which we collected netizens’ comments on news articles about death sentences in China. As the cases reported were real, concern about artificial manipulations in previous survey and vignette studies was no longer an issue in our design.Though not a nationally representative sample, Chinese netizens serve as a better representation than samples utilized in previous studies in the country. The China Internet Network Information Center (2021) reported that the total number of Chinese Internet users had reached 1.01 billion (71.6% of China’s total population) by June 2021, and 99.6% of users access the Internet via mobile phones. This high level of Internet usage enables interested netizens to participate in our study. While geographical restriction was often a major limitation in past studies, data in our study covered all 31 provinces in mainland China and Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. Unlike survey respondents who might not have a real interest in death penalty issues and/or are ‘forced’ to answer questions that might not otherwise be on their mind, netizens in this study shared their opinions voluntarily, reducing potential problems of some methodological issues such as the social desirability bias. In addition, netizens’ interactions (i.e. exchanges of netizens’ comments) allow us to examine the potential effect of a unique form of public discussion and deliberation. Such online public discussions and deliberations fill a significant gap in contemporary China, as people still lack meaningful alternatives to voice their opinions and concerns about sensitive issues such as the use of the death penalty in the non-virtual world.Key issues coveredOrganized in ten chapters, our study examined a number of key issues. First, we started with basic but fundamental questions including what Chinese netizens commented on (i.e. the diversity of their comments), why they supported or opposed death sentences (i.e. the rationales of netizens’ opinions), and how they responded to each other (i.e. netizens’ interactions). Second, we focused on variances of netizens’ opinions and examined how their opinions might have changed given different circumstances such as crime types, characteristics of defendants and victims, legal procedures, and media reporting. Third, we paid particular attention to netizens’ evaluation of China’s criminal justice system and its professionals, and discussed how netizens’ opinions were embedded in China’s social, systemic, and structural problems. Last but not least, we critically examined the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Jürgen Habermas’s ‘communicative rationality’ framework.[i] As Chinese netizens’ comments were made in specific cases, readers of this book would be able to contextualize netizens’ discussions, and learn lessons and draw conclusions about the commonalities and the uniqueness of China’s practice compared with other jurisdictions. The authenticity of our empirical data – from 63 death penalty cases with a total of 123 death sentenced offenders, covering 11 different types of capital offences – boosts the quality of this study and allows readers to gain a glimpse of the actual situation in China’s practice of the death penalty.Main lessonsCollectively, a number of lessons can be drawn from this study. First, Chinese netizens’ opinions displayed a great degree of diversity on the range of topics covered (the breadth), the diverse views covered in each topic (the depth), and the variances of netizens’ opinions given the different circumstances of cases. Chinese netizens are not afraid of sharing their opinions online, sometimes with very bold and critical statements. In cases involving unpopular governmental policies (e.g. birth control policy, real estate demolition and relocation policy), they explicitly expressed their rejection and even lent majority support to capital offenders in some cases. Such bold voices and opposition suggest that government claims of “overwhelming public support” are misleading and fail to represent the nuances of netizens’ true opinions.Second, the influence of Chinese culture is apparent in the majority of netizens’ opinions. Concepts such as sharen changming (a life for a life) and “killing one to deter a hundred” heavily influenced netizens’ support of death sentences. The influence of such traditional culture is what makes China “Chinese,” and it may pose obstacles to further reforms of China’s use of capital punishment (e.g. reduction or abolition). Third, netizens’ comments and discussions are embedded in contemporary Chinese society and reflect their opinions about existing social problems and systems, such as their concerns about rising crime rates and public safety, rampant corruption, problems of the healthcare system, widening social inequality, privileges enjoyed by governmental officials and the wealthy, and the fairness of the judicial system.Fourth, our study presented a unique opportunity to examine the rationality of Chinese netizens’ discussions and deliberations online – a key component missing from past studies. Applying Habermas’s communicative rationality framework, we identified both elements of rationality and irrationality in our study. Major examples of irrationality include personal attacks, cursing, calling for legal punishment of innocent people and forgoing legal procedures, and various forms of discrimination. These examples failed to meet the Habermasian standards due to the nature of netizens’ behavior in violating contemporary moral and legal norms (e.g. calling for punishment of innocent people), based on flawed reasoning (e.g. discriminatory remarks), or carrying disruptive and damaging effect on the communication process or the consensus-building outcome (e.g. personal attacks, cursing, discrimination). In contrast, the case comparisons and constructive suggestions by the Chinese netizens presented good instances of rational arguments. It is through case comparisons that netizens questioned fairness and equity in contemporary Chinese society and brought in different perspectives from other nations. In making suggestions, destructive ones intended only to vent would fail the test of Habermas’s rationality, but constructive ones intended to stimulate netizens’ communication and help them reach consensus would prevail. Given the nature of anonymity without face-to-face interaction, online discussions presented an open platform for netizens to express their opinions (almost unregulated) and vent their feelings (uncontrolled). How to guide Chinese netizens to better utilize this unique platform of public opinion continues to be a challenge, especially when other viable channels to participate in public discussion and debate are lacking in China.Bin Liang is Professor of Sociology at Oklahoma State University. Further details about Professor Liang and Professor Liu's book can be found on the University of Michigan Press website here.[i] Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action (Vols. 1 & 2) (Beacon Press 1984/1987). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.press.umich.edu/11481664/chinese_netizens_opinions_on_death_sentences ) [504] => Array ( [objectID] => 17566 [title] => Joint Declaration on the Death Penalty and Women’s Rights [timestamp] => 1633824000 [date] => 10/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-declaration-on-the-death-penalty-and-womens-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/worldday-event-fb-500x262.jpg [extrait] => As we mark the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed or who have been pardoned or found not guilty, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and allies of women sentenced to death take this […] [texte] => As we mark the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed or who have been pardoned or found not guilty, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and allies of women sentenced to death take this opportunity to:Draw attention to the gender-based discrimination that confront women facing the death penalty during in the lead-up to the offense, investigation, trial, sentencing and appeal phases. Gender-based discrimination can occur against women facing capital punishment and in many cases mitigating circumstances that might benefit women sentenced to death are not considered. For instance, this is particularly true in cases of sexual and gender-based violence.Emphasize that gender-based discrimination does not operate in isolation but combines with other forms of discrimination, including those based on age, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, economic status, disability amongst others, that expose women on death row to multiple and intersecting forms of inequality.Note that there are gaps in the information available on the number and status of women who have been sentenced to death, executed, had their death sentences commuted or pardoned, due to a lack of accurate and disaggregated figures in many countries.Recall that in many countries conditions of detention threaten the physical, and psychological integrity and even the lives of all prisoners, and that women on death row face unique challenges due to their specific needs, such as lack of gender-sensitive medical care and hygiene products, and threats of gender-based violence.We recommend that governments in countries that have yet to abolish the death penalty/ still retain the death penalty:A) Abolish the death penalty for all offences, regardless of gender; B) Pending full abolition, we call on governments to:Eliminate the death penalty for offenses that do not meet the threshold of ""most serious crimes"" under international law and standards;Repeal provisions that allow for the mandatory imposition of the death penalty, which does not allow judges to consider the circumstances of the offense for the defendant at sentencing;Acknowledge the compounding forms of violence and discrimination experienced by girls and women - including gender-based violence, early and forced marriage; review laws, criminal procedures, and judicial practices and implement policies and legislative reforms to protect women from these abuses;Ensure that the criminal justice system takes full account of any mitigating factors linked to women's backgrounds, including accounts of prior abuse, mental and intellectual disabilities;Prevent the disproportionate prosecution and detention of women for ""moral/sexual"" crimes, and consider decriminalizing these types of offenses;Promote the training of all those involved in the investigation, representation and prosecution of crimes involving women on gender-based discrimination and violence, pathways to crime, and gender-sensitive mitigations;Ensure that all those facing the death penalty have access to free and effective legal counsel experienced in capital representation, and that are trained to recognize and bring forward claims mitigating factors, including those linked to gender-based discrimination;Develop and implement programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination, and promote women and girls’ human rights.Signatory organizations:ACAT-FranceThe Advocates for Human RightsAmnesty InternationalAnti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Asia CatalystAssociation de Jeunes pour la Paix et la DémocratieAssociation française des femmes des Carrières JuridiquesThe Autonomous Women’s CenterAvocats sans frontières FranceBangladesh Institute of Human RightsCapital Punishment Justice ProjectCenter for Prisoners’ Rights JapanCentre d’Information et de Documentation sur les Droits de l’Enfants et de la FemmeColegio de Abogados y Abogagas de Puerto RicoCollectif Libérons MumiaCornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideDefense of Human Rights and Dignity Movement (iDefend)Demir Leblebi Kadin DerneğiEleos Justice, Monash UniversityFamilies of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance (FIND)Federation of Women Lawyers FIDA CameroonFemmes for Freedom AlgemeenFocal Commissioner for Women’s Human Rights and the Anti-Death Penalty Campaign Commission on Human Rights of the PhilippinesFoundation for Elimination of Violence Against Women – Mitra PerempuanGender Violence Clinic – University of Maryland Carey School of LawGerman Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyGirl ConcernHuman Rights & Democracy Media Center SHAMS/PalestineInternational Commission of JuristsItalian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU)Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Information CenterKarapatan AllianceKenya Human Rights CommissionlifesparkMagistrats Européens pour la Démocratie et les LibertésMaldivian Democracy Network (MDN)Mamas for Burundi AssociationMedical Action GroupNederlandstaligeVrouwenraadParliamentarians for Global Action (PGA)Pax Christi Uvira asblPersatuan Sahabat Wanita SelangorPhilippine Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA)Philippine Coalition for the International Criminal CourtPlanète Réfugiés – Droits de l’HommePunjab Women CollectiveREPECAP – International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital PunishmentRéseau des Femmes Leaders pour la DéveloppementSalam for Democracy and Human RightsThe Sentencing ProjectServeSosyal Yardımlaşma Rehabilitasyon ve Adaptasyon Merkezi (SOHRAM-CASRA)Southern Methodist University (SMU) Human Rights ProgramTask Force Detainees of the PhilippinesTexas After Violence ProjectUIA-IROL (Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers)Vision des Filles Leaders pour le DéveloppementWomen and ChildWomen and Harm Reduction InternationalWomen Information NetworkWomen’s Committee - UIA (International Association of Lawyers)World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [505] => Array ( [objectID] => 17538 [title] => Publication of a New Guide on Working with Parliamentarians to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1633824000 [date] => 10/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/publication-of-a-new-guide-on-working-with-parliamentarians-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/big-Cropped-Parliamentarian-guide-image.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in partnership with Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to collaborate with parliamentarians to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in partnership with Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to collaborate with parliamentarians to abolish the death penalty. (more…) "Publication of a New Guide on Working with Parliamentarians to Abolish the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [506] => Array ( [objectID] => 18289 [title] => Women and the Death Penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1633651200 [date] => 08/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In observation of the 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women, Iran Human Rights is providing a report on the women executed in Iran over the last 12 years (2010-2021). The executions in this period are by no means representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s complete history of executing women; the number of female political prisoners executed in the 1980s must be acknowledged due to their sheer volume and abhorrent nature. But even today, there is ample evidence of their cruel and inhuman treatment of female prisoners, which will be highlighted in this report. [texte] => The 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty is dedicated to women; those who riskbeing sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed,and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, exonerated, or pardoned. Inobservation of the day and the theme this year, Iran Human Rights is providing a reporton the women executed in Iran over the last 12 years (2010-2021). The female executionsin this period are by no means representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s completehistory of executing women; the number of female political prisoners executed in the1980s must be acknowledged due to their sheer volume and abhorrent nature. But eventoday, there is ample evidence of their cruel and inhuman treatment of women, whichwill be highlighted in this report.Today, Iran has the highest number of executions after China, and is one of the world’stop executioners of women. Of the 16 women reported to have been executed globallyin 2020,1 nine were executed in Iran.2 As with all executions, the majority of womenexecutions are carried out secretly. When reported, women are often portrayed as evilmothers, femme fatales or conniving schemers. The reality however is layered withlegislative and social discrimination, inequality and taboos, which this report aims toexamine.On the occasion of the World Day Against the Death Penalty 2021, IHRNGO repeatsits call for Iran to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty as a first steptowards the abolition of the death penalty, and for women to be entitled to equal civilrights and equality before the law. Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, IHRNGO Directorsaid: “In 2021, the world should not tolerate laws that legitimise the death penalty, whichis the most cruel, inhumane and discriminatory punishment of our time. This World DayAgainst the Death Penalty, let us be the voice of the women on death row who are mostlyunknown and from marginalised backgrounds.”INTRODUCTION4 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSThe context and background of female executions in Iran must be examined through thelegislative framework of the death penalty in general, and of the breaches of rights and socialissues faced by women specifically. A comprehensive report on the death penalty in Iran ispublished annually by Iran Human Rights and ECMP (Together Against the Death Penalty),which provides a detailed breakdown of the legislative framework and procedures. 3A morecondensed version relating to female executions in this period is provided for the purpose ofthis report.The death penalty is sanctioned for a number of crimes which cannot be considered “mostserious crimes” and do not meet the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights (ICCPR), ratified by Iran in 1975. Of the cases recorded in 2010-2021, all buttwo (espionage) of the known charges against the164 women were for drug-related offencesand murder. Once arrested, confessions are the most common way of proving guilt in deathpenalty cases. All death row prisoners IHRNGO has been in contact with have testified tobeing subjected to torture in order to confess to the crime they were charged with. This isnot limited only to those with political or security-related charges. Almost all prisoners whowere arrested for drug-related offences have been kept in solitary confinement and subjectedto physical torture in the investigation phase following their detention, while being deniedaccess to a lawyer. In many cases, confessions extracted in detention have been the onlyevidence available for the judge to base his verdict upon. Torture is also used in other criminalcases involving rape or murder where there is not enough evidence against the suspect.Furthermore, in qisas cases, a woman’s testimony is considered worthless and they are notentitled to be witnesses.The important point to note is the systematic denial of legal due process, unfair trials, use oftorture and duress, forced confessions and lack of a transparent and independent judiciaryin Iran. The charges in each case, therefore, are the official account and charges by Iranianauthorities, and have not been confirmed by independent individuals/bodies.Women also face inequality before the law and societal discrimination prior to havingcommitted any crimes. As with global statistics, poverty is an underlying factor in deathpenalty cases. This is particularly evident in drug-related executions but also extends tomurder cases. Traditionally, men are considered the breadwinners and when working classwomen who were not afforded an education or professional skills are left to raise their childrenalone, without any support from the state, they are forced to do what they can to survive.When a single mother of five, including a disabled child, was executed on drug-related charges,her family could not even afford to bury her. And her case is by no means isolated or unique.Societally, women also face forced marriages; six child brides were amongst the womenexecuted in 2010-2021 and one woman (Safieh Ghafouri, charged with murder) was an aroosekhoon-bas, a bride offered by one tribe to the opposing tribe to stop the bloodshed. Within themarriage itself, a woman does not have the right to divorce, even in cases of domestic violenceand abuse, which are hidden in cultural codes and language. In 66% of the known murdercases, the women were convicted of killing their husband or partner. Mental illness alsoremains a taboo subject, with inadequate care and treatment within Iranian society at large.BACKGROUND5 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSThe following statistics relate to the execution of women recorded by Iran Human Rightsbetween 1 January 2010-10 October 2021:•••••••••••FACTS & FIGURESAt least 164 women were executedFemale executions represent 2.57% of all executions in the same period31% (51) of the executions were announced by official sources and 69% (113) werecarried out secretly or were not announcedAt least 86 women were executed on drug-related chargesAt least 60 women were executed on murder chargesOf the three women executed on security charges, two were executed on espionagechargesThe third woman (Shirin Alamhooli), was executed on the charge of moharebeh(enmity against god) for membership in a Kurdish opposition groupThe charges against 15 of the women are unknownThe average number of women executed annually for murder charges doubled afterthe 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law3 of the executed women were juvenile offendersA woman (Zahra Bahrami) was executed on drug-related charges after beingarrested in relation to the 2009 nationwide protests and originally sentenced tomoharebeh (enmity against god)6 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSIn 2010-2021, of the known charges, all but three women were executed on murder anddrug-related charges and the charges against 15 women are unknown.In 2010-2021, only 31% (51) of the executions were announced by official sources and69% (113) were carried out secretly or were not announced7 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTS86 women were executed on drug-related charges, 60 on murder charges, 3 onsecurity charges and the charges against 15 women are unknownThe average number of women executed annually for murder charges doubled afterthe 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law8 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSQISAS EXECUTIONSQisas or retribution-in-kind is the right of the murder victim’s family according tothe Islamic Penal Code. The State effectively puts the responsibility for executions formurder in the hands of the victim’s family to decide whether they want retirbution,diya (blood money) or to forgive. Qisas death sentences are also imposed for juvenileoffenders as, according to Sharia, the age of criminal responsibility for girls is 9 and forboys 15 lunar years (8.7 years for girls and 14.6 years for boys).•••••••••60 women were executed on murder charges in 2010-2021Murder charges account for more than 90% of all female executions since 2018Of the 60 executions, the details of 41 of the cases have been established and 19are unknown66% of the 41 women were charged with the murder of their husband/fiancé/lover/temporary marriage6 of the women were child brides3 were under 18 years of age at the time of committing the alleged murder(juvenile offenders)2 suffered with confirmed mental illnesses3 of the women had committed murder in self-defence against rape1 of the women was an aroose-khoon-basThe average number of women executed annually for murder charges doubled afterthe 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law9 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSCASESREYHANEH JABBARI, 26Reyhaneh was sentenced to qisas after beingconvicted of killing a man in self-defence againstrape. She was tortured to make self-incriminatingconfessions but later published her account ofthe events from prison. She was executed on 25October 2014.4ZEINAB SAKAMVANDZeinab was a child bride and a juvenile offender who was also a victim of domesticviolence and of rape by her brother-in-law. She was accused of killing her husband at 17,which she denied. She married another prisoner in prison and gave birth to a still-bornchild prior to her execution on 2 October 2018.5ZEINAB KHODAMORAD, 43Zeinab suffered from acute mental illness and was hospitalised following the birth ofher child. She killed her child and step-child after her husband discharged her againsthospital advice. She was executed on 29 December 2020.6MARYAM KARIMIMaryam was a victim of domestic abuse but her husband refused to consent to adivorce. She was on death row for 13 years with her father, Ebrahim Karimi, who helpedher kill her husband. Her execution was carried out by her own daughter and her fatherwas brought in to see Maryam’s dead body hanging on the noose after her execution on15 March 2021.7DRUG-RELATED EXECUTIONSBefore 2018, drug charges counted for the majority of [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4910/ ) [507] => Array ( [objectID] => 17507 [title] => How to Work with Parliamentarians for the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-parliamentarians-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This how-to guide, elaborated with Parliamentarians for Global Action with highlights coming from the African continent, is specifically designed for the use of abolitionist civil society groups who want to work with parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => This how-to guide, elaborated with Parliamentarians for Global Action with highlights coming from the African continent, is specifically designed for the use of abolitionist civil society groups who want to work with parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty."Introduction toparliamentariansThis chapter is devoted to creating a base of knowledge tounderstand how parliamentarians work. In order engage withthem in the most effective way, the 􀀳rst step is to understandwho they are, what their role is, what they can and cannot doand what motivates them.""WHO ARE PARLIAMENTARIANS?Parliamentarians, or members of parliament (MPs),are representative individuals who work in aparliament. A parliament is a “representative body ofindividuals to whom the people have entrusted theresponsibility of laying down the legal frameworkwithin which society will be governed.”6The role and structure of both parliaments andparliamentarians vary greatly according to thecountry or region in which they are operating.Nevertheless, their primary role is related to theexercise of legislative power – deliberating andde􀀷ning policy, as well as adopting laws, andmonitoring/ determining the implementation of thepassed legislation in a given jurisdiction.The name of the body exercising the function ofparliament differs from country to country.Parliaments can also be either unicameral – onechamber or house – or bicameral – two separatechambers, each with a different name (for example,National Assembly, House of Representatives,Senate, House of Councilors, etc.). In the case of abicameral parliament, each chamber- usually a lower chamber and an upper chamber- has slightlydifferent but complementary functions. It is notalways the case that both chambers are able tointroduce legislation. The meeting of both houseschanges its name, and merge into one legislativebody, such as a Congress or a Parliament.MPs’ titles also differ according to the language,country, and parliament in question; they might besimply referred to as MPs, or as congressmen orcongresswomen, representatives, national assemblymembers (NAM), etc. It is thus essential to researchthe legislative organs of the country where you wishto work to use the proper vernacular.7 They are allpotential legislators8 insofar as they have legislativepower.Throughout this guide the word parliament andparliamentarian will be used, but those termsincorporate all forms of elected institutions who holdlegislative power within a state.""KEY FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENTARIANSEach type of parliament, as highlighted in theprevious section, may have a variety of differentfunctions according to its mandate and the locationin which it is operating. While it is not possible to listall of the key functions of all types of parliament, thefollowing functions will focus primarily on nationalparliaments—the recommended primary target. If agiven example is not related a national parliament,the example will so state.""POLICYMAKINGIndividual parliamentarians can directly in􀀸uence theirrespective political parties, especially when they arefrom the majority party. This type of in􀀸uence canhelp orient the government’s position on issues relatedto criminal justice reform, including the death penalty.Parliamentarians can also help in􀀸uence policy bybringing issues to the forefront of political debate thatmay not be a current priority: both in parliament(through a parliamentary question or the introductionof a private member’s bill for the purpose of openinga discussion) and with the larger public (through opedsor their social media accounts).""LAW-MAKINGAs for direct legislative power, national parliamentsacross the world perform the bulk of law-making intheir countries. While the extent of this law-makingvaries from country to country, the overall focus oflaw-making includes drafting bills, proposing theirdiscussion and debate, holding hearings, and votingin new legislation. In the context of promotingabolition, law-making is a crucial function. All stagesof law-making can provide an opportunity for civilsociety to lobby and advocate with parliamentarians.Examples of abolition law-making vary and aredependent on the situation in your country. They caninclude:• passing an o􀀶cial moratorium on executions9 – agood 􀀷rst step in a country which is not ready toabolish the death penalty,• strengthening the legal safeguards applicable tocapital cases,• reducing the scope of the death penalty by eitherremoving capital crimes or creating new mitigatingcircumstances which would preclude the passing ofa death sentence on a person convicted of a capitalcrime,• eliminating the mandatory death penalty,• proposing amendments or additions to other legislationor to constitutional reviews going through the parliament,• ratifying international instruments like the SecondOptional Protocol to the United Nations’ InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2-ICCPR) andensuring that national law is harmonized with adoptedinternational law, and• promoting the creation of regional treaties andprotocols that encourage consolidation of the pledgeto abolish the death penalty (such as the draft protocolto the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rightson the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa).Civil society can also request parliamentarians to helpin preventing the return of death penalty in a countrythat has already abolished it or to help 􀀷ght theexpansion of the death penalty. Examples of suchsupport can include:• voting against a bill to reinstate the death penalty inan abolitionist country, and• providing opposition in debates to extend the scopeof the death penalty in a retentionist country.""OVERSIGHTOnce the law-making function has been ful􀀷lled, andnew abolitionist legislation is put in place,parliamentarians and parliament may hold theexecutive branch of government accountable for theimplementation of the law. Oversight committees,select committees, and councils can be set up to judgethe effectiveness of the law’s implementation and tourge the executive to make any necessary changes.Select committees, speci􀀷cally, have a statutory roleof oversight on the policies and performance ofgovernment. They are also usually comprised of allthe majority parties and are meant to be independentof the executive.For example, after the Federal Government of theUnited States (US) of America announced that it wouldresume executions in 2019, the Oversight Committeeof the lower chamber of Congress, the House ofRepresentatives, launched an investigation overconcerns regarding the proposed method of execution. Under US federal law, the death penaltyand executions are legal, but only under certainconditions. If those conditions are not met, thenCongress can call into question the legitimacy ofcarrying out the executions. In this case, the USFederal Government was using a new drug, previouslyuncodi􀀷ed in existing law, to restart executions. Thedrug and the sources of this drug were brought to theattention of lawmakers. Ultimately the execution datesthat were originally scheduled were postponed to allowfor changes in the federal execution protocol.10Apart from these speci􀀷c bodies, parliamentariansoften have prerogatives that can be useful in holdingthe executive accountable for its implementation ofthe law. In most parliaments, parliamentarians can,for example, address parliamentary questions tomembers of the executive (which would then have toprovide an answer), hear experts (e.g., members ofthe judiciary or civil society representatives) incommittee, or visit prisons and other detentioncenters.""REPRESENTATIONRepresenting the best interest of the people is theprimary mandate of all democratic parliamentarians,as is listening to and acting upon public concerns in aleadership capacity. Constituent approval is generallythe most important thing for MPs.This function goes both ways; parliamentarians aretasked with taking the concerns of theirconstituents to parliament to address them, but theyare not beholden to what might be considered“public opinion” and they have a duty to inform andraise awareness among their constituents. Incampaigning for a speci􀀷c issue, a parliamentariancan act as an advocate by raising awareness withinthe parliamentarian’s constituency.Parliamentarians can promote abolitionist action byusing their platform to speak publicly about an issue(e.g., meet with constituents and make publicstatements), organizing a network of abolitionistparliamentarians, supporting campaigns to mobilizecommunities on the impact of the death penalty(such as on World Day Against the Death Penalty,every 10th of October), or running an electioncampaign with a platform supporting universalabolition. Additionally, in speci􀀷c cases of individualsfacing the death penalty, they may call on authoritiesto show mercy in new proceedings and to ensureproceedings comply with fair trial rights, all whilerespecting the strict separation of powers. Thesesteps can be particularly helpful when nationals aresentenced to death or at risk of being sentenced todeath abroad.Parliamentarians can also represent theirconstituents through their political party.Frequently, as being an active member of a speci􀀷cpolitical party, a parliamentarian may have partyresponsibilities. Political party obligations are alsoindicative of how much in􀀸uence they can have in alegislative setting.For more information on the role ofparliamentarians and the challenges theyface, see pages 9-11 of the 2014Parliamentarian Resource published by theWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Additionally, it is important to note that whilethe goal of advocating with aparliamentarian(s) may focus on 􀀸nallegislation, there are various routes toengaging with parliamentarians to buildsupport for abolition.""A WORLD OF PARLIAMENTS:WHOM SHOULD YOUR ADVOCACY TARGET?In understanding parliaments, it is important torecognize that there are many different types whosefunctions may vary according to their mand [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/FINAL_EN_Parliamentarian-Guide_BD.pdf ) [508] => Array ( [objectID] => 18299 [title] => Deathworthy: a mental health perspective of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deathworthy-a-mental-health-perspective-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A first of its kind report, Deathworthy, presents empirical data on mental illness and intellectual disability among death row prisoners in India and the psychological consequences of living on death row. The report finds that an overwhelming majority of death row prisoners interviewed (62.2%) had a mental illness and 11% had intellectual disability. The proportion of persons with mental illness and intellectual disability on death row is overwhelmingly higher than the proportion in the community population. The report also establishes correlations between conditions of death row incarceration and mental illness and ill-health. Led and conceptualised by Maitreyi Misra (Head, Mental Health and Criminal Justice, Project 39A, National Law University Delhi), the study was conducted under the guidance of Dr. Pratima Murthy (Director, NIMHANS), Dr Sanjeev Jain (Senior Professor, Deptt of Psychiatry, NIMHANS) and Dr Gitanjali Narayanan (Associate Professor, Deptt of Psychology, NIMHANS). [texte] => The phrase ‘prisoner sentenced to death’ or ‘death row prisoner’ for the purposes of the Report encompasses prisonerssentenced to death by the trial court, including those whosesentence is pending confirmation by the High Court. Thoughthe law considers only those prisoners to be ‘under sentence8 9of death’ whose mercy petition has been rejected by the President1, in reality, as soon as the death sentence is imposed bythe trial court, prisoners are treated and seen differently notjust by prison administrators and other prisoners, but institutionally as well. It is the reality and experience of being treatedas a death row prisoner (even if it is not what the law mandates)and of living under the threat of state sanctioned death that weaccorded primacy.After outlining the nature of our sample, including death rowprisoners and their families, the chapter provides informationon parameters that were found to be representative of India’sdeath row population, as tested against details documented inthe Death Penalty India Report. The chapter then details thesocio-economic background of death row prisoners interviewed,and provides a bird’s eye view of the cases against the prisonersand the criminal justice system.Our first interview with a death row prisoner was on 21st December2016 in Central Prison, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. On that day, there werea total of 388 prisoners living under the sentence of death in India.But the death row population does not remain static for long andthe numbers change rapidly. For instance, on the last date of ourinterview with the prisoners, i.e., 13th February 2018, there were365 prisoners under the sentence of death. However, in order tocompare proportions, we needed to freeze the number of prisonersand for this purpose, we used the number of death row prisonersas on the first day of the prisoner interviews. We interviewed 88death row prisoners, including three female prisoners, across fivestates—Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHInterviews with prisoners sentenced to death were conducted infive states—Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka andKerala—between 21st December 2016 and 13th February 2018.Though the maximum number of death row prisoners that we couldhave interviewed across the five states was 97, we were able tointerview 88. With respect to Karnataka, the permission itself wascontingent on us not interviewing one death row prisoner whosemercy petition was rejected by the President in 2013. Seven prisonersrefused to interview with us for reasons of media and communitybacklash, concern for the family’s well-being and disinterestin participating in the Project. One prisoner was medically unfit tosit for the interview. (Graph 1.1)Interviews for the 88 prisoners were conducted across 16 CentralPrisons and one District Prison. (Table 1.1)Sample CHAPTER I 1110SAMPLE SIZE OF DEATH ROWPRISONERSGRAPH 1.1KARNATAKA26KERALA17MADHYA PRADESH30KERALA1DELHI5DELHI7KARNATAKA3CHHATTISGARH8NOT INTERVIEWED9 FAMILIES OF DEATH ROW PRISONERSFamilies of death row prisoners were interviewed across sevenstates, i.e., Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, MadhyaPradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The family interviews were conductedbetween 14th November 2016 and 13th April 2018. The familytracking began on 31st October 2016 in Chhattisgarh.Though we interviewed 88 prisoners across five states, 171 familieswere tracked and 110 were interviewed across seven states. Thelarge discrepancy between the number of prisoners interviewedand families tracked and those interviewed is because in two states,Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, we tracked the families while awaitingresponses from the Prison Department. While we were not givenpermission to interview prisoners in Bihar, the Prison Departmentin Uttar Pradesh eventually stopped responding to our requests.We stopped our interviews with families when the permission fromthese two states did not come through.In the five states where death row prisoners were also interviewed,we were unable to track three families, while four familiesrefused to be interviewed. Stigma, fear of media and communitybacklash, cultural barriers with respect to women and severed tieswith the prisoners were some of the reasons for families to denyconsent. We did not interview four families because the prisoners,whom we had approached before the family in these cases,requested us to not interview them. Eight prisoners did not havefamily in the same state. In this group, we were able to track downand interview five families. (Graph 1.2)TABLE 1.1State-wise break-up of prisons where interviews were conductedS.No. Name of theStatePrisons Covered Number of PrisonersInterviewedGallowsPresent1. Chhattisgarh Central Jail, Raipur 8 Yes2. Delhi Central Jail, Tihar 7 Yes3. Madhya Pradesh New Central Jail, Bhopal 2 NoCentral Jail, Hoshangabad 1 NoCentral Jail, Jabalpur 7 YesCentral Jail, Indore 11 YesDistrict Jail, Indore 1 NoCentral Jail, Gwalior 3 NoCentral Jail, Ujjain 5 No4. Karnataka Hindalga Central Jail,Belgaum26 Yes5. Kerala Central Prison, Kannur 6 YesCentral Prison, Poojappura(Thiruvananthapuram)9 YesCentral Prison, Viyyur 2 No12 CHAPTER I 13FAMILIES OF DEATH ROW PRISONERSINTERVIEWEDGRAPH 1.2BIHAR20CHHATTISGARH12KERALA13DELHI4UTTAR PRADESH8UTTAR PRADESH42KARNATAKA22MADHYA PRADESH2DELHI3KERALA3KARNATAKA6BIHAR5MADHYA PRADESH31FAMILIES TRACKEDBUT NOT INTERVIEWED61As the 88 prisoners interviewed for the Project are only a proportionof the total number of death row prisoners, it was importantto consider the extent to which it is representative of India’s deathrow population. Accordingly, we compared the socio-economicprofile of the sample under consideration and information relatedto their cases with the data presented by the Death Penalty IndiaReport. Though its data pertains to 2013-2015, it is the only studyto have documented the socio-economic characteristics as wellas information on the criminal justice system with respect to allof India’s death row population. The sample in this Project wasconsidered representative of the death row population along aparameter if the p value was greater than or equal to 0.052. Oursample was found to be representative of key indicators of thesocio-economic status of the death row population. These includeage at the time of offence (p value = 0.33) and interview (p value =0.64), sex3 (p value = 0.9), education (p value = 0.06), employment(p value = 0.92), and caste (p value = 0.14). The population wasalso found to be representative along the parameters of offence(p value = 0.15) and nature of legal representation (p value = 0.56).RepresentativeNature of thePopulation Interviewed AGE-WISE COMPOSITION OF DEATHROW PRISONERSBefore imposing the death penalty, courts are meant to inquireinto factors that may be considered mitigating, such as the ageof the prisoner at the time of the incident, with “extreme youth”being of “compelling importance”4. Recent developments in thefield of mental health and neuroscience provide some answersas to why young age is important when attributing responsibilityand deciding the degree of blameworthiness for certain actions.Research suggests that our brain continues to develop in areascritical to our daily functioning, including impulse control, decisionmaking and risk assessment, until around the age of 255. Increasedimpulsivity and reactivity to situations, lesser maturity and a notyet fully formed ability for considered foresight explain the importanceof young age as a mitigating factor. (See Chapter III onVulnerabilities and Life Experiences).Given the widespread lack of documentation among the prisonersand families we interviewed, we relied on their narrativesfor information on the prisoners’ age. Where the prisoner or thefamily was not able to give a definitive answer or gave a range,we cross-checked the ages with judgements and prison records,where available.51 prisoners out of the 88 were under the age of 30 at the timeof the incident, and 31 prisoners were under the age of 25. Twoprisoners claimed to be below 18 years at the time of the incident,which, if true, would mean that they would have been ineligible forthe death penalty in the first place. Two prisoners were above 60years of age at the time of the incident. (Graph 1.3)The median age of death row prisoners at the time of incidentwas 28 (16-75) years. The median age at the time of sentencingwas 33.5 (18-77) years. The median age at the time of assessmentwas 37 (22-78) years.Socio-EconomicProfile of PrisonersSentenced to Death14 CHAPTER I 15AGE AT THE TIME OF INCIDENT (YEARS)SURYAKANTLAKSHMIKANTJAY SINGHDAMODARDATTADIVYESHMADHUKARARCHAN SHARMASAKSHAMPRANAVMADHVAN JAGMOHAN MURAGANNAVARSAARUAMAR MANOHARPURABLUVBALASUBRAMANIAMMAHADEVRAJATRAMDHARIAKUL SONIRUDRANICHOLAS TESLASUBODHSANJUDIYALUCKYMUTHUADNANBILALANANDGIRINDRASIDHARTH KUMARRACHITAMARNATH TIMMAJAIRAMROHITVASAVPALLAVVIGNESHMUSTAFAAIJAZPARTHMANUAGE-WISE COMPOSITION OF DEATH ROWPRISONERS AT THE TIME OF INCIDENTGRAPH 1.3DEATH SENTENCE IMPOSED BY TRIAL COURTHIGH COURT CONFIRMEDSUPREME COURT CONFIRMED1020304050607080AKIRAASADDRUPADMAYURSUSHANTPADMANABHANROSHINISHEHERYARFAISALJAVED SULTANANASNAUSHADNIRMALGHALIBVINEETAARJAV SURYACHAITANYAPARVEZOMKAR HANUMASACHCHIDANANDAARJUN PANDITSHYAM GOPALLAXMANURVIDHARMAKETU BANKARWASIQVEYDAANTHILBERTSUDISHRAGHURAMPAUL JOHNRAMANANDRAGHU NAYAKADITYA SINGHHUSSAINBARUN KUMARSAQIBLAMBODARVISHNUMAYANK CHUHRASUNDARAMRIVANKARTIKEYASANATHMUSTHAQ102030405060708016 CHAPTER I 1720304050607080AGE AT THE TIME OF ASSESSMENT (YEARS)AGE-WISE COMPOSITION OF DEATH ROWPRISONERS AT THE TIME OF ASSESSMENTGRAPH 1.4DEATH SENTENCE IMPOSED BY TRIAL COURTHIGH COURT CONFIRMEDSUPREME COURT CONFIRMEDSURYAKANTLAKSHMIKANTJAY SINGHDAMODARDATTADIVYESHMADHUKARARCHAN SHARMASAKSHAMPRANAVMADHVAN JAGMOHAN MURAGANNAVARSAARUAMAR MANOHARPURABLUVBALASUBRAMANIAMMAHADEVRAJATRAMDHARIAKUL SONIRUDRANICHOLAS TESLASUBODHSANJUDIYALUCKYMUTHUADNANBILALANANDGIRINDRASIDHARTH KUMARRACHITAM [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/deathworthy ) [509] => Array ( [objectID] => 17475 [title] => Congratulations! There is no risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-risk-of-a-return-to-the-death-penalty-in-your-country/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/no-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => We encourage you to keep monitoring the situation and to re-take the questionnaire should you notice new, troubling developments in your country’s approach to capital punishment. [texte] => We encourage you to keep monitoring the situation and to re-take the questionnaire should you notice new, troubling developments in your country’s approach to capital punishment.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [510] => Array ( [objectID] => 17478 [title] => There is a moderate risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moderate-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/moderate-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law […] [texte] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law is not always respected. However, no concrete steps have been taken to reinstate the death penalty.What you can do!Your country has not ratified any international and/or regional treaties to abolish the death penalty, so this is the first step to take to ensure your country’s abolitionist commitments are locked in place. To do so, join our campaign! Check if your country is not already a target country, then contact us to join forces.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment” Create an informal network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty and regularly monitor the situation. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. This will be really helpful if the risk becomes higher in the future.Monitor international commitments not to reinstate the death penalty taken by your country and make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of it.Get in touch with international NGOs to get support and coordinate international advocacy#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [511] => Array ( [objectID] => 17480 [title] => There is a moderate risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moderate-risk-sp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/moderate-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law […] [texte] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law is not always respected. However, no concrete steps have been taken to reinstate the death penalty.Also, there has been a strong international commitment taken by your country not to reestablish the death penalty, as your country is a state party to an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty. In your fight to keep your country abolitionist, this is an important element to keep in mind! What you can do! Make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of your country’s ratification of an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty and of their obligations under international law not to reinstate the death penalty. To know more about it, check our FAQ on these treaties. Also, take note of who you can contact at the institutions responsible for these treaties and keep the information ready for use should the situation escalate.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment” Create an informal network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty and regularly monitor the situation. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. This will be really helpful if the risk becomes higher in the future.Monitor other international commitments not to reinstate the death penalty taken by your country and make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of it.Get in touch with international NGOs to get support and coordinate international advocacy#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [512] => Array ( [objectID] => 17483 [title] => There is a high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/high-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary […] [texte] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected and the state does not always comply with its international obligations. What you can do! Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment” Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with them. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries, …Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, YouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Maldives’ leaflet on Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives.Your country has not ratified any international and/or regional treaties to abolish the death penalty, so if you think it is relevant, join our campaign and check if your country is not already a target country, then contact us to join forces.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [513] => Array ( [objectID] => 17489 [title] => There is a high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/high-risk-sp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary […] [texte] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected and the state does not always comply with its international obligations.However, there is a strong international commitment taken by your country not to reestablish the death penalty, as your country is a state party to an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty. In your fight to keep your country abolitionist, this is an important element to keep in mind!What you can do!Make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of your country’s ratification of an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty and of their obligations under international law not to reinstate the death penalty. To know more about it, check our FAQ on these treaties. Also, take note of who you can contact at the institutions responsible for these treaties and keep the information ready for use should the situation escalate.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment,” Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with those. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries,…Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, YouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Maldives’ leaflet on Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [514] => Array ( [objectID] => 17499 [title] => There is a very high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/very-higt-risk-sp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/very-hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces. Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups […] [texte] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces.Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected, and the state does not always comply with its international obligations.However, there is a strong international commitment taken by your country not to reestablish the death penalty, as your country is a state party to an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty. In your fight to keep your country abolitionist, this is an important element to keep in mind!What you can do!Make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of your country’s ratification of an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty and of their obligations under international law not to reinstate the death penalty. To know more about it, check our FAQ on these treaties. Also, take note of who you can contact at the institutions responsible for these treaties and keep the information ready for use should the situation escalate.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment,”Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation. Create a joint planning of regular meetings, online publications, advocacy actions. Share the burden of the work with several organizations.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with those. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries,… Do a mapping exercise of legislators who may support you. You may use tools such as: “How to work with Parliamentarians against the Death Penalty”Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, TouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Philippines’ leaflet “Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines”. Other examples may be found here.If it is safe, coordinate public events (seminars, forums, online events) and publications. The existing World Day Against the Death Penalty is a good example of a recurring day or event to keep the topic of abolition alive. Supporters of abolition can also make the topic remain current by creating blogs, websites, via social media--Twitter, Facebook, Instagram or by submitting publications to existing media outlets or organizations. You may consider branding the abolitionist movement by using hashtags, logos, and creating accounts for specific events or groups. You may also identify networking opportunities, especially around common events on the World Day Against the Death Penalty. The mobilization kit may provide good examples of activities to conduct.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [515] => Array ( [objectID] => 17497 [title] => There is a very high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/very-higt-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/very-hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces. Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups […] [texte] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces.Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected, and the state does not always comply with its international obligations.What you can do!Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment,” Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation. Create a joint planning of regular meetings, online publications, advocacy actions. Share the burden of the work with several organizations.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with those. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries,… Do a mapping exercise of legislators who may support you. You may use tools such as: “How to work with Parliamentarians against the Death Penalty”Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, YouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Philippines’ leaflet “Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines”. Other examples may be found here.If it is safe, coordinate public events (seminars, forums, online events) and publications. The existing World Day Against the Death Penalty is a good example of a recurring day or event to keep the topic of abolition alive. Supporters of abolition can also make the topic remain current by creating blogs, websites, via social media--Twitter, Facebook, Instagram or by submitting publications to existing media outlets or organizations. You may consider branding the abolitionist movement by using hashtags, logos, and creating accounts for specific events or groups. You may also identify networking opportunities, especially around common events on the World Day Against the Death Penalty. The mobilization kit may provide good examples of activities to conduct.Your country has not ratified any international and/or regional treaties to abolish the death penalty, so you may also want to put that lock in your country. To do so, join our campaign! Check if your country is not already a target country, then contact us to join forces.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [516] => Array ( [objectID] => 18271 [title] => “No One Believed Me”: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses [timestamp] => 1633392000 [date] => 05/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-one-believed-me-a-global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offenses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “No one believed me” is a quote from Merri Utami, who was sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Indonesia in 2002. Her quote reflects the injustices faced by women accused of capital drug offenses around the world: many decision-makers disbelieve women’s plausible innocence claims or discount the effects of relationships and economic instability on women’s decisions to traffic drugs. [texte] => PrologueMerri Utami is on death row in Indonesia for drug trafficking. She maintains that she had no knowledge of the drugs she was carrying. We feature Merri’s story in greater detail in this report’s first case profile.My name is Merri Utami. Twenty years ago (this October) I was sentenced to death for a drug offense. I have spent 20 years in prison for an act I did not understand at the time. During this long imprisonment, I have suffered a lot. I still remember how the media covered my case when I was arrested and dubbed me the ‘Queen of Heroin.’ I had no chance to tell the truth. I still remember that during the police investigation stage I said repeatedly that the drugs were not mine, but no one was there to help me, and no one believed me. They tortured me, but even then I would not confess.At the moment the judges sentenced me to death, I could not control my emotions. I was terrified. After that, there were moments when I felt like I wanted to die. But my most challenging moment was when I had to convey the judge’s verdict to my family. My children would grow up without a mother, and I couldn’t bear the shame my family would have to endure due to my case. The greatest pain of all was when my son died. It was his birthday, and I wanted to call him from prison, but I didn’t have the money to pay for the call. I ended up selling water spinach, and I only managed to collect the money three days after my child’s birthday. The day I finally got to call my son, they had just buried him. My chest felt like it was smothered, because I could not run and hug his body. The yearning for my child still makes my heart shudder. His death urged me to rise above my adversity and begin to accept my situation. I learned that an imprisoned soul can still express itself. A well-grown tree can produce fruits and enlighten the mood of people who care for it. I have tried to learn to be like a tree, through singing, gardening, and helping to build a church within the prison. But at times I have been in a place of desperation. For eight months, I did not have money to buy the basic needs of a woman. I had to hoe and plant vegetables in exchange for sanitary napkins.My routine work kept my mind busy until one night, in 2016, two prison guards woke me up and told me that they were taking me to Nusakambangan, the site of executions. I looked at the cell once inhabited by the late Rani Andriani, another woman sentenced to death for drug offenses who had faced the same situation I was facing now. I was so scared. Memories of the smells, sounds, and footsteps of officers in Nusakambangan still linger in my head to this day. Ahead of my scheduled execution, I was met by my daughter who brought along my infant grandchild. It was the height of my sorrow. I tried to reassure my daughter but inside my heart ached. I wanted to live and to share my experiences, so that no other vulnerable woman would be manipulated. That night, God let me stay alive.I want the world to understand that when women are in a toxic relationship—as I was—society does not support her, but blames her for choosing the wrong man. Women are vulnerable to being manipulated by men because women feel they need protection, and most of those who provide protection are men. Even when women have been hurt over and over again, they will continue to apologize. This weakness makes women vulnerable to being tortured by men physically and mentally. I hope anyone who reads this report could take heed of these valuable lessons. I also hope that policy-makers will be wiser in assessing the deterrent effect of imprisonment. The death penalty should be abolished, because God gives people the opportunity to repent when they are at fault.I want the world to know that we, women on death row, are suffering inwardly. Women often keep their struggles to themselves, even though they are unconsciously destroying themselves. But people can, and must, learn from the experiences of women. So women must open up and tell their stories. This is our story.Merri UtamiJuly 21, 2021Cilacap Correctional InstitutionA woman sits next to a blue cross and speaks.Merri Utami inside the church she helped to build in prison. Photo courtesy of LBHM.ForewordExecutions for drug offences reached a 12-year global low in 2020, an outcome which is undermined by the steadily rising number of death sentences for drug offences being handed down by judges. Although recognised as a violation of international human rights law, the death penalty for drug offences remains a politically sensitive topic, to the point that it is a recurring theme for presidential posturing in a handful of countries around the world.This important study takes a deep dive into the experiences of women on death row for drug offences. Significantly, this report examines the issue at a time when globally, women’s incarceration rates have increased by 17% since 2010 (a disproportionally higher increase than men); with punitive drug laws as a major driver of this trend. It is estimated that approximately 35% of women in prison around the world have been convicted for drug offences. In the Middle East and Asia, drug offences are the second most common crime for which women are sentenced to death.The war on drugs narrative justifies the harshest punishments for drug-related crimes, and – as highlighted in Harm Reduction International’s global research – in 35 countries the harshest judicial punishment means the death penalty. People on death row for drug offences tend to be involved at the lowest level of the drug trade, and are generally marginalised in society. Gender, socio-economic position, ethnicity and foreign status in a country add intersectional vulnerability to this context. I note the authors’ interest in also amplifying the experiences of transgender and gender non-binary people on death row for drug offences, which was limited by the paucity of information available; and acknowledge the additional vulnerabilities of a group of individuals whose stories are largely hidden from the public.While some women engage in the drug trade through their own volition, for others, a narrower range of choices, along with poverty, coercion, violence, manipulation, and the survival needs of a family play a significant factor in their involvement. Merri Utami’s case and her campaign for clemency shows how she ended up on death row after being manipulated by people with more power and resources.However, notwithstanding the often blatant reference to gender in judicial proceedings, an analytical approach to the role of gender and connected vulnerabilities is often omitted from consideration when it comes to sentencing. The cases documented by Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide demonstrate the alarming extent to which women sentenced to death for drug offences experienced gender bias in criminal proceedings and violations of their right to a fair trial.We thank the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide for its work to shine a light on the lives of women on death row for drug offences and are committed to working together to challenge the harms of, and limitations of our archaic laws, policies and processes. We must strive for societies where it is inconceivable that our elected representatives tolerate the death penalty, or invest vast amounts of tax payer dollars in systems which sustain state violence and mass incarceration. We can only begin to address the harm done by firmly connecting our work towards abolition of the death penalty with the full decriminalisation of drugs and inclusive feminist movements.Naomi Burke-ShyneExecutive DirectorLondon, July 2021Harm Reduction InternationalExecutive SummaryThe punitiveness of the international drug control system has been largely responsible for the growth of the world’s female prison population in the last three decades. In countries that punish drug offenses with death—a violation of international law—a large majority of the women on death row were convicted of drug-related offenses. This report examines the circumstances that lead women to commit or be charged with drug offenses and the impact of gender bias on the criminal process they experience.Drug convictions account for a minority of the world’s death sentences but a majority of capital convictions in a small number of so-called ‘retentionist’ death penalty states. Capital drug laws are most entrenched in states that resist the global trend towards abolition, concentrated in Asia and the Middle East. Many of these states do not publish information on their use of capital punishment. Moreover, gender-disaggregated and gender-specific data frequently does not exist. Nevertheless, this study examines the available information, notably for countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, China, and Thailand. Our analysis reveals the following trends relating to women facing death for drug offenses:Foreign nationals are over-represented among women on death row for drug offenses. These disparities are more pronounced among the female death row population than among death-sentenced men. Many of these foreign nationals are migrant workers. For example, in Malaysia, 95% of the 129 women on death row for drug offenses in 2019 were foreign nationals.Economic insecurityThe gendered financial burden of caring for family members, especially among women with little education and without the aid of strong social support systems or access to stable work, is one of the key factors that pushes women into trafficking drugs. Courts often fail to take into account women’s economic instability and caregiving responsibilities before imposing death sentences. One woman in China, a single mother, spent the proceeds of a drug sale to care for her son, who had a disability. The court held that this fact was irrelevant. Although economic need often propels women into drug trafficking, women typically make little money from trafficking (they are often unaware of what exa [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/no-one-believed-me-a-global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offenses/ ) [517] => Array ( [objectID] => 17081 [title] => Recapping and video recordings of the side events of the 2021 General Assembly [timestamp] => 1632700800 [date] => 27/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recapping-and-video-2021-general-assembly/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/general-assembly-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On June 18, 2021, on the sidelines of the General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, several events were organized. These events were an opportunity for the members of the World Coalition to address many issues related to the fight for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => On June 18, 2021, on the sidelines of the General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, several events were organized. These events were an opportunity for the members of the World Coalition to address many issues related to the fight for the abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Recapping and video recordings of the side events of the 2021 General Assembly" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [518] => Array ( [objectID] => 18585 [title] => Yemen – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – September 2021 [timestamp] => 1632096000 [date] => 20/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/yemen-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-september-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Women in conflict with the law in Yemen are at risk of experiencing gender-based discrimination within the legal system and while detained. Such discrimination is particularly acute when women are at risk of being sentenced to death. For example, in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, women are in danger of being sentenced to death for "spying," often based primarily on the conduct of their male family members. In parts of the country controlled by the internationally recognized Government of Yemen, women accused of capital offenses are denied legal aid to mount a successful defense. And because of the mandatory nature of the death penalty for crimes such as murder, courts do not take into account an accused woman's experiences of gender-based violence that may have motivated her actions. Women are also often financially unable to gather sufficient resources to pay "blood money" to victims' families. Detention conditions for women, particularly in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, amount to cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and in some cases prison authorities torture women detainees.Because of continued internal conflict in Yemen, there is limited official data regarding the number of women currently sentenced to death. For the same reason, there is only limited information regarding detention conditions of women sentenced to death. [texte] => 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Yemen’s Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996for the 80th Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women18 October–12 November 2021Submitted 20 September 2021The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications.The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence.In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Women in conflict with the law in Yemen are at risk of experiencing gender-based discrimination within the legal system and while detained. Such discrimination is particularly acute when women are at risk of being sentenced to death. For example, in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, women are in danger of being sentenced to death for “spying,” often based primarily on the conduct of their male family members. In parts of the country controlled by the internationally recognized Government of Yemen, women accused of capital offenses are denied legal aid to mount a successful defense. And because of the mandatory nature of the death penalty for crimes such as murder, courts do not take into account an accused woman’s experiences of gender-based violence that may have motivated her actions. Women are also often financially unable to gather sufficient resources to pay “blood money” to victims’ families. Detention conditions for women, particularly in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, amount to cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and in some cases prison authorities torture women detainees.2. Because of continued internal conflict in Yemen, there is limited official data regarding the number of women currently sentenced to death. For the same reason, there is only limited information regarding detention conditions of women sentenced to death.Yemen fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women3. Women in conflict with the law in Yemen face multiple forms of discrimination, particularly in the context of legal proceedings in which a woman is at risk of being sentenced to death. IN Houthi-controlled areas, women are subjected to politically motivated prosecutions, unfair trials, death sentences, and brutal human rights violations in detention facilities. Yemeni authorities deny women access to qualified, experienced legal counsel in capital proceedings. Those proceedings fail to take into account a defendant’s history as a victim of gender-based violence. Women from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds may be unable to escape the death penalty by paying “blood money” to the victim’s family. I. The internationally recognized Government of Yemen fails to protect women in areas under Houthi control from politically motivated prosecutions, unfair trials,death sentences, and brutal human rights violations in detention facilities, arising primarily out of their familial relationships (List of Issues paragraph 2)4. The Committee recognized that “[t]he internationally recognized Government does not exercise effective control over parts of the territory of the State party,” and asked “how it promotes the implementation of the Convention . . . with a view to ensuring that women and girls throughout the State party, including in those areas that are under the effective control of non-State actors, are able to enjoy their rights under the Convention.”11 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, List of issues and questions in relation to the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of Yemen, (March 11, 2020), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/YEM/Q/7-8/Rev.1, ¶ 2.35. The State Party Response to the List of Issues does not respond directly to this query, but instead calls on the international community to “shoulder its responsibility towards Yemen.” 26. According to Amnesty International, “the Huthis and their allied forces have stepped up their use of an anti-terrorism court as a way to settle political scores, often handing down death sentences on spurious accusations of espionage and ‘aiding an enemy country’ following grossly unfair trials.”3 For example, in October 2016, Houthi authorities arrested Ms. O,apparently because her husband was an al-Qai’ida suspect. According to her father, she was beaten up in his presence. She was also forced to watch other detainees being tortured. She was also wrongfully accused of engaging in an “illegitimate sex act” with a codefendant.Amnesty International characterized her trial, where she had no legal representation, as “grossly unfair.” For several months before her trial, she was barred from contacting the outside world. Her three male codefendants were released on bail months before the verdict, and she was the only defendant who remained in custody. In January 2018, a Houthi court in Sanaa sentenced her to death for spying, and she remains on death row.4 Spying carries a mandatory death sentence in Yemen.5 Amnesty International describes her prison conditions as “woefully inadequate”; she does not have access to hygiene products and her relatives are too fearful of the Houthi authorities to visit her.67. Ms. O’s case highlights a troubling trend identified by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide in its groundbreaking 2018 report: “women who are seen as violating entrenched norms of gender behavior may be sentenced more harshly.”7 The study also observed that authorities tend to arrest, charge, and sentence women to death in conjunction with the conduct of their spouses or other family members.88. Ms. O’s case is not unique. In August 2021, a Houthi court in Sanaa sentenced two women to death on charges of aiding “the enemy” and “communicating with a hostile foreign country.”92 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Replies of Yemen to the list of issues and question in relation to its combined seventh and eighth periodic reports, (August 19, 2020), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/YEM/RQ/7-8, ¶ 1.3 Yemen: Illegal detention remains rife after five years of war, Amnesty International, Mar. 24, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/03/yemen-illegal-detention-remains-rife-after-five-years-of-war/.4 Mohammed Alragawi, Yemen: Women captives recall ordeal in Houthi prisons, Anadolu Agency, 23 Feb. 2021, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/yemen-women-captives-recall-ordeal-in-houthi-prisons/21538065 Yemen: Illegal detention remains rife after five years of war, Amnesty International, Mar. 24, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/03/yemen-illegal-detention-remains-rife-after-five-years-of-war/.6 Young Yemeni woman on death row suffers the wrath of the Huthis’ ‘psychological war’ on opponents, Amnesty International, Apr. 13, 2018, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/04/young-yemeni-woman-on-death-rowsuffers-the-wrath-of-the-huthis-psychological-war-on-opponents/.7Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Sept. 2018, at 6, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.8Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Sept. 2018, at 8, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.9Ismaeel Naar, Houthi court sentences 11 Yemenis to death, including two women and a professor, Al Arabiya News, Aug. 28, 2021, https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2021/08/28/Houthi-court-sentences-11-Yemenis-todeath-including-two-women-and-a-professor.49. Civil society organizations have documented human rights violations against women in detention facilities controlled by Houthi militias.10 Civil society organizations report extensive human rights violations against women in Houthi-controlled detention facilities.11 Activists say that reports of rape and other forms of sexua [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/AHR-Yemen-DP-CEDAW-2.pdf ) [519] => Array ( [objectID] => 18577 [title] => The Maldives – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – September 2021 [timestamp] => 1632096000 [date] => 20/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-maldives-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-september-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Maldives' continued use of the death penalty undermines government efforts and commitments to end gender-based discrimination. The death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women for adultery and other crimes of sexual immorality, as well as for acting as accomplices to murder committed by male counterparts. Capital punishment promotes negative stereotypes about women and reinforces discriminatory gender roles. The possibility of facing the death penalty also discourages human rights defenders from civic engagement on a number of human rights issues, including women's human rights. [texte] => 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org The Maldives’ Compliance with Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996for the 80th Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women18 October 2021–12 November 2021Submitted 20 September 2021The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence.In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. The Maldives’ continued use of the death penalty undermines government efforts and commitments to end gender-based discrimination. The death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women for adultery and other crimes of sexual immorality, as well as for acting as accomplices to murder committed by male counterparts. Capital punishment promotes negative stereotypes about women and reinforces discriminatory gender roles. The possibility of facing the death penalty also discourages human rights defenders from civic engagement on a number of human rights issues, including women’s human rights. The Maldives fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenI. The Maldives Government’s retention of the death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women for adultery (List of Issues paragraph 8)2. The Committee requested information about measures taken by the State Party to abolish harsh penalties, including the penalties of flogging, applied to women convicted of adultery and fornication outside of marriage.1 The Maldives prohibits sexual relations outside of marriage2; women convicted of adultery are usually sentenced to flogging.33. Article 17(a) of the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of Maldives prohibits gender-based discrimination.4 The State Party in its reply to the List of Issues outlined that Law Number 18/2016 promotes the prevention of discrimination based on gender and the prevention of all ideas and practices which promote discrimination or prevent women from enjoying equal human and fundamental rights with men.54. By sentencing women to death for sexual offenses, the Maldives contravenes its own Constitution and Gender Equality Act. Women have received death sentences for adultery.6In2014, a lower court sentenced a women convicted of adultery to death by stoning. She had admitted to the crime of adultery after giving birth on the equatorial islet of Gemanafushi. The Supreme Court later annulled the sentence.7In a 2019 case, the Naifaru magistrate court 1 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. List of issues and questions in relation to the sixth periodic report of Maldives, due in 2019, (18 Nov. 2019) U. N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/Q/6, ¶ 8.2 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Sixth periodic report submitted by Maldives under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019, (28 Oct. 2019), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/6, ¶ 98.3 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Sixth periodic report submitted by Maldives under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019, (28 Oct. 2019), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/6, ¶ 134.4 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Sixth periodic report submitted by Maldives under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019, (28 Oct. 2019), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/6, ¶ 19.5 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Replies of Maldives to the list of issues and questions in relation to its sixth periodic report, due in 2019, (20 Aug. 2020), CEDAW/C/MDV/RQ/6, ¶3.6 Uthema. NGO Shadow Report to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Uthema-MV-Shadow-Report, 4 May 2020, ¶ 46. 7 Hidden Author. Maldives woman convicted for adultery wins reprieve from death by stoning. First Post. 19 Oct. 2015. https://www.firstpost.com/world/maldives-woman-convicted-for-adultery-wins-reprieve-from-death-bystoning-2473822.html3sentenced a woman to death for fornication outside of marriage.8 Health workers had reported the case to the police after delivering the woman’s child, believing the child was conceived as a result of an unlawful sexual relation. The sentence did not mention the male partner.5. The Penal Code and related laws do not stipulate that death is an acceptable sentence for adultery or fornication, yet courts nonetheless sentence women to death for adultery and fornication. The death penalty is an available penalty for many types of offenses under the Penal Code of the Maldives and the Prevention of Terrorism Act of 1990, including murder, treason (including causing harm to the President of Maldives in contravention of the Sharia or law or committing acts detrimental to the government, sovereignty or territory)9and certain terrorism acts that cause death.10A death sentence can be carried out either by lethal injection11or hanging.126. These cases demonstrate that women are more likely than men to face the death penalty for adultery or unlawful fornication, even when a man was involved with the same unlawful act. Unequal sentencing for women and men in cases of adultery reflects a common pattern. The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide reports that, “In some Shariah jurisdictions, offenses against sexual morality, or zina, appear gender-neutral on their face, but in practice are applied in a discriminatory manner against women.”13 While, overall, women may be sentenced to death at lower rates than men, courts sentence women to death at higher rates for adultery.147. The use of the death penalty to punish women for perceived sexual immorality further promotes harmful gender stereotypes. Women often receive harsher sentences when perceived to be deviating from gender roles such as the peaceful caregiver or dutiful wife and embodying negative gender stereotypes such as the “femme fatale” who seduces men.15 Disproportionate sentencing for women convicted of adultery reflects this pattern, in which courts invoke the death penalty to punish women for being perceived to reject gender roles and embody deviant gender stereotypes.8 Maldives: Naifaru court sentences woman in absentia to death by stoning. Hands Off Cain. 08 January 2019.http://www.handsoffcain.info/notizia/maldives-naifaru-court-sentences-woman-in-absentia-to-death-by-stoning40300121.9 Maldives Penal Code, arts. 36-37, Law No. 1/81 (Jan. 1, 1967).10 Maldives Prevention of Terrorism Act, art. 6(a), Law No. 10 of 1990 (Dec. 9, 1990).11 Muizzu Ibrahim, “Maldives to use lethal injection for execution,” Haveeru, Jan. 23, 2014, http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/53390.12 Amnesty International, Maldives: Halt Plans to Carry Out First Execution in More than Six Decades, ASA 29/4364/2016, June 30, 2016.13 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Sept. 2018), at 13, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.14 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Sept. 2018), at 11, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.15 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Sept. 2018), at 6, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.48. Moreover, the possibility of facing a death sentence, or an otherwise harsh sentence, for adultery discourages women from reporting sexual assault.16II. The Maldives’ retention of the death penalty for murder has a discriminatory effect on women (List of Issues paragraphs 4 and 8)9. The Committee requested information regarding access to justice17 and measures taken to combat gender ste [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/AHR-The-Maldives-DP-CEDAW-.pdf ) [520] => Array ( [objectID] => 18341 [title] => Report of the Secretary General: Question of the death penalty 2021 (A/HRC/48/29) [timestamp] => 1631664000 [date] => 15/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-nations-report-death-penalty-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to decision 18/117 and resolution 42/24 of the Human Rights Council. The report focuses on consequences arising from the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty on the enjoyment of human rights. [texte] => A/HRC/48/29Advance Unedited VersionDistr.: General15 September 2021Original: EnglishHuman Rights CouncilForty eighth session13 September–1 October 2021Agenda items 2 and 3Annual report of the United Nations High Commissionerfor Human Rights and reports of the Office of theHigh Commissioner and the Secretary-GeneralPromotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to developmentQuestion of the death penalty*Report of the Secretary GeneralSummaryThe present report is submitted pursuant to decision 18/117 and resolution 42/24 of the Human Rights Council. The report focuses on consequences arising from the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty on the enjoyment of human rights. I.Introduction1.The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117 and resolution 42/24. In resolution 42/24, the Human Rights Council requested the Secretary-General to dedicate the 2021 supplement to his quinquennial report on capital punishment to the consequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the human rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons, paying specific attention to the consequences of the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of death penalty. 2.In preparing this report, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary-General, sought contributions from Member States; international and regional organizations; national human rights institutions; and non-governmental organizations. The report also draws on a range of materials, including the work of United Nations human rights mechanisms and other public sources, including outside scholars, practitioners and civil society organizations. 3.This report focuses on consequences of the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty on the enjoyment of human rights, and also includes information on the recent developments towards the abolition of the death penalty. It further examines international legal aspects of transparency and discusses practices and challenges at the national level in ensuring such transparency. The issue of transparency has previously been raised by the Secretary-General in his recent reports on the death penalty to the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Human Rights Council. II.Recent developments towards abolition of the death penalty4.In December 2020, an increased number of States voted for the adoption of the 8th General Assembly resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Since the September 2020 report of the Secretary-General to the Human Rights Council on the question of the death penalty, the Parliament of Sierra Leone has reportedly passed legislation abolishing the death penalty; and Kazakhstan abolished the death penalty for all crimes and signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 5.Furthermore, Amnesty International’s 2020 annual report on the global use of the death penalty noted a significant decrease in the number of known executions compared to 2019. According to Amnesty International, the number of executions has been continuously decreasing since 2015 and, in 2020, it reached the lowest figure in more than 10 years. However, the organization cautioned that “its figures were only minimum known ones - as several countries either conceal their death penalty data or provide only limited information”. III.Transparency and the death penalty: legal frameworks and national practices6.Under international human rights law, pending abolition, States that still impose or apply the death penalty should comply with international human rights standards. In particular, in States that have not abolished the death penalty, capital punishment may only be imposed for the “most serious crimes”, which has been considered by the UN Human Rights Committee to be limited to intentional killing. They should also fully adhere to fair trial and due process guarantees in capital punishment 7.The United Nations system has over many years underlined the importance of the public availability of information on the death penalty. In 1989, the Economic and Social Council set out the minimum requirements of such transparency when, in paragraph 5 of its resolution 1989/64, it called upon all Member States: “To publish, for each category of offence for which the death penalty is authorized, and if possible on an annual basis, information about the use of the death penalty, including the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of executions actually carried out, the number of persons under sentence of death, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal and the number of instances in which clemency has been granted, and to include information on the extent to which the safeguards referred to above are incorporated in national law.” 8.The Economic and Social Council has requested that the Secretary-General conduct a survey of Member States at five-year intervals since 1973. The response rate has been low, leading the Council to request the Secretary-General to “draw on all available data” in future reports, rather than relying solely on Government responses. The Secretary-General’s most recent report shows that retentionist countries have been least likely to respond to these surveys. 9.In resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, the General Assembly has also called upon all States that maintained the death penalty to provide the Secretary-General with information relating to the use of capital punishment and to make that information publicly available so that informed national and international debates, including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty are possible . In its, the Human Rights Council further recalled that secret executions or those with short or no prior warning added to the suffering of the persons sentenced to death, as well as of other affected persons, and called upon States to ensure that children whose parents or parental caregivers were on death row, the inmates themselves, their families and their legal representatives were provided, in advance, with adequate information about a pending execution, its date, time and location, to allow a last visit or communication with the convicted person, the return of the body to the family for burial or to inform on where the body was located, unless this was not in the best interests of the child.10.In their contributions to this report, several States expressed concerns regarding the lack of transparency. Australia was firmly of the opinion that lack of transparency in the use of the death penalty had direct consequences for the human rights of persons facing the death penalty as well as for other affected persons. Australia viewed that transparency was a prerequisite to assess whether the death penalty was being carried out in compliance with international human rights law. Without transparency, it is not possible to ensure that those in detention awaiting execution are being treated humanely and afforded appropriate legal and procedural protections in accordance with international human rights law. Australia strongly urged countries that retain the death penalty, inter alia, to increase transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty. 11.Italy observed that several countries did not issue official statistics on capital punishment, and as such, was of the view that the number of executions was likely to be much higher. Italy noted that in some countries, the death penalty was considered a State secret and reports of executions, upon which the execution totals were based, came to light through local media, independent sources or relatives, sometimes long after the fact, and represented only a fraction of the total of executions carried out nationwide. Other States divulged news of executions after they had taken place, while relatives, lawyers and the condemned people themselves were kept in the dark before the actual executions took place. In Italy’s view, this framework pointed to the fact that the fight against capital punishment entailed, beyond the stopping of executions, a battle for transparency of information concerning capital punishment, respecting human rights of the condemned persons and their families. 12.Switzerland stated that the commitment against the death penalty was a priority for its foreign policy, and that it was determined to play a leading role in the global movement for the universal abolition of the death penalty. It also remained concerned about the consequences of the lack of transparency in the application of the death penalty for convicts and their families. 13.Trinidad and Tobago reported that the death penalty existed under its domestic laws and provided information regarding legal provisions on the imposition of the death penalty in the country. 14. Some legal systems have made special provisions for minimizing consequences for relatives of persons sentenced to death. For example, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that in Guyana, information and updates in the death penalty cases were provided by the Guyana Prison Service, but how often the information had been shared was not known. In 2015, the Law Commission of India also noted the requirement of transparency in providing information regarding the death penalty. While the Indian National Crime Records Bureau published its Prison Statistics Report annually, it only contained information on the number of prisoners on death row and provides no further details. In Pakistan, the Federal Ombudsman submitted information on the death row population in a report on jail conditions to the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session48/Documents/A_HRC_48_29_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx ) [521] => Array ( [objectID] => 17402 [title] => Addressing the Gender Dimension of the Death Penalty: Coaction Between Parliamentarians and Civil Society [timestamp] => 1631232000 [date] => 10/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/addressing-the-gender-dimension-of-the-death-penalty-coaction-between-parliamentarians-and-civil-society/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Created on the occasion of the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (10/10/21), this tool’s aim is to provide practical advice and concrete suggestions to civil society organizations who wish/ are already collaborating with parliamentarians to end the death penalty and bring attention to women sentenced to death. [texte] => Created on the occasion of the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (10/10/21), this tool's aim is to provide practical advice and concrete suggestions to civil society organizations who wish/ are already collaborating with parliamentarians to end the death penalty and bring attention to women sentenced to death.1.Introduction: Gender-based discrimination at the core of the imposition of the death penaltyDespite the fact that women only represent about 5% of all death row inmates, it is essential to take measures to guarantee that women do not face gender discrimination in the application of the death penalty and that they are provided with a fair treatment in full respect of international human rights.Women serving death sentences are at risk of being sexually harassed by male prison guards and do not have access to adequate healthcare and sanitary hygiene products. Most women sentenced to the death penalty are facing socio-economic precarity, have a history of being harassed, physical and sexual abuse , and are isolated in situations they cannot escape, including in the context of domestic, intimate and/or sexual violence. Women offenders often find themselves without the resources to have adequate legal representation, or without the knowledge to access the legal aid, may not fully understand the legal system, and may not have the appropriate support network. The reasons which place women offenders on death row are often deeply rooted in gender-based discrimination and fit within a broader, and tolerated, pattern of violence against women. Women are judged not only on the basis of their crime, but also for having betrayed traditional gender roles. Consequently, the consideration of their sentences tends to be contingent on their conformity with their assigned roles in society. This leads to a huge inconsistency in the imposition of death penalties on women, particularly in how intersecting forms of discrimination impact women in the judicial system. For instance:oIn the United States (US) State of Oklahoma, Wanda Jean Allen, was black, gay and had cognitive deficiencies and was executed in 2001 for murdering her longtime girlfriend,. The prosecutor in Allen's case ‘argued very clearly that she shouldn't be treated as a woman because she was a lesbian and she was “the male” in the relationship.""’oIn Indonesia, there is a case of a mother convicted of murdering her 8-year-old daughter with a male co-defendant, with whom she had an affair. The daughter had been subjected to numerous rapes by the male co- defendant while her father, the defendant’s husband, was at work. During the trial, the situation was presented as an adulterous affair, presenting the defendant as a cheating mother who allowed her lover to rape her daughter and ultimately helped him kill her. She never had a chance to present the exculpatory evidence because she was denied proper legal representation. The stigma associated with her alleged offense has resulted in her not having received any family visit, nor any financial support. Women are more often sentenced to the death penalty for charges which are deeply entrenched in patriarchal norms, including for adultery and which do not meet the threshold of “the most serious crimes” , including drug- related offences. In addition, women sentenced to death will often be accused of murder or manslaughter in the context of prolonged domestic, intimate and/or sexual abuse. This stems from the omission to consider a history of domestic or sexual abuse as a mitigating factor by most legislations or placing hard- to-prove legal requirements for the “self-defense” claim to be effective. 2.What can Parliamentarians do to address Women and the Death Penalty? Parliamentarians, in their roles as the lawmakers, are the ones best placed to promote gender equality in all areas of their work and propose gender-sensitive legislation. Lobbying or advocating with parliamentarians is a concrete step towards changing country or regional policy. The death penalty in many countries is provided for in law, the constitution and/or in a country’s penal code. As such, in retentionist countries, it is up to parliamentarians to address, modify and eliminate the legislation to pave the way towards abolition. Researching the constitution of the country (or statute or founding treaty for regional organizations), as well as the Parliament’s rules of procedure, is a crucial first step. For example, it is essential to know whether parliamentarians can introduce private members’ bills on any topic (often, it can only be the case for bills that have no budgetary implications), or whether they can vote to ratify an international agreement. Being able to give clear and concrete examples of actions parliamentarians can take to further the abolitionist movement is key to mobilizing members of parliament (MPs) to take such steps. In addition, it may also be the case that MPs themselves are not aware of some of the prerogatives they hold or actions they can take, especially in fragile democracies or non-democratic systems, where MPs may not have had much occasion to exercise initiative or oversight. A.Address gender-based discriminationAs the first step, the Parliamentarians can address gender-related discrimination, by:1.Ensuring that their legal framework is gender-sensitive and does not perpetuate gender-based discrimination affecting women sentenced to the death penalty.2.Propose protective measures, rather than coercive ones, to individuals who are constrained into drug trade and other drug-related crimes. Such measures could include a court order to undertake awareness courses, counselling, therapy, treatment, rehabilitation, social integration, or educative seminars. 3.Overcoming gender-biases in judicial institutions, encourage and implement mandatory training programmes for judges that are gender sensitive, which consider the vulnerability of women and girls, and increase their awareness of crimes committed in the context of domestic, intimate and/or sexual violence. 4.Bringing a case of a woman who has been sentenced to death to a parliamentarian to highlight the ongoing violations against women in the judicial system. Parliamentarians can use such example in their anti- death penalty efforts, as for instance, in the USA sending a letter to President Biden, urging his support for the legislation to abolish the death penalty and to commute the death sentences of all 49 people remaining on federal death row, Members of Congress highlighted the case of Lisa Montgomery- a woman who was executed in January 2021 despite suffering from mental illness and having been subjected to physical, emotional and sexual abuse as a child- as an example of the intolerable injustice engendered by the federal death penalty.5.Promoting gender equality in access to justice, including through the development of mentoring programmes addressed to legal professional.6.Amending or adapting the law to allow offender to present evidence of history of abuse before the court and ensure that the law explicitly allows judges to consider prolonged intimate, domestic and/or sexual violence as a mitigating factor or partial/full defence (for example, it can be used to establish self defence, provocation, temporary insanity or any other defence). This has to be coupled with effective measures and awareness to ensure that such defence is taken into consideration properly. 7.Proposing a budget to support the collection of sex-disaggregated data on women and men to increase the understanding of the disproportionate impact the capital offence has on migrant women and women coming from socio-economic precarity. 8.Removing or amending all discriminatory laws which foster gender-based discrimination, including divorce act prohibiting women to get a divorce, even in the context of domestic, intimate and/or sexual violence, or criminal laws tolerating physical violence against women and girls when committed by their husbands, brothers, fathers or other “figures of authority”. 9.Creating a national commission or ombudsperson to ensure that prison facilities are safe for women and offer healthcare services that are appropriate for women, including hygiene products. 10.Ensuring that women have access to free and legal counsel as well as to interpretation services.11.Encouraging Parliamentarians who visit prisons to meet and talk with women sentenced to death to verify that the prison conditions are in line with international human rights. B.Act towards the full abolition and human rights complianceAs for the death penalty in general, Parliamentarians can:1.Introduce a Bill to remove the death penalty for all offences, but importantly, the offences which do not amount to “intentional killing”, including adultery, or drug-related offences. This can be done through (i) a clause in the national constitution guaranteeing the right to life in absolute terms; (ii) legislation proscribing the death penalty as a permissible sanction; or (iii) subscribing to regional and international human rights instruments requiring the abolition of the death penalty and afterwards aligning municipal law to those instruments. 2.Ask their governments to establish an immediate moratorium on the use of the death penalty.3.Remove from national law any death penalty provisions which are in breach of international human rights hard or soft law, such as:oits mandatory imposition to all crimes ;oits imposition for crimes which do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” ;oits imposition for crimes committed by persons below 18 years , the application of the death penalty on pregnant or nursing women , or people with mental or intellectual disabilities , or the elderly. 4.Encourage ratification, without reservations, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and its Second Optional Protocol, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty;5.Ensure that trials f [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Parliamentarians-Tool-WD2021.pdf ) [522] => Array ( [objectID] => 17383 [title] => World Coalition elects new Steering Committee and Executive Board for two years [timestamp] => 1631232000 [date] => 10/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-elects-new-steering-committee-and-executive-board-for-two-years/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its first 100% virtual General Assembly on 18 June 2021 to elect its new Steering Committee. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its first 100% virtual General Assembly on 18 June 2021 to elect its new Steering Committee. (more…) "World Coalition elects new Steering Committee and Executive Board for two years" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [523] => Array ( [objectID] => 17304 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2021! [timestamp] => 1631232000 [date] => 10/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/19-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-events-map-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Take action now! The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. [texte] => Take action now!The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. (more…) "Take Action for World Day 2021!" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [524] => Array ( [objectID] => 17266 [title] => Bylaws 2021 [timestamp] => 1631145600 [date] => 09/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bylaws-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty As Amended by the 18 June 2021 General Assembly [texte] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyAs Amended by the 18 June 2021 General Assembly Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyAs Amended by the 18 June 2021 General Assembly An association is created, governed by the French law of 1st July 1901 and the decree of 16th August 1901 and having the following bylaws:PreambleThe signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held in Strasbourg on 21-23 June 2001, pledged to “create a worldwide coordination of abolitionist associations and campaigners” (§9 of the Declaration). In conformity with this commitment, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created in Rome, Italy, on 13 May 2002.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organisations share the common objective of universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty subscribes to the principles of equality, diversity and inclusiveness as well as the rule of law, human rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals.ARTICLE 1: NAME The name of the association is “World Coalition against the Death Penalty” (hereinafter: “the Coalition”), in French “Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort”. ARTICLE 2: REGISTERED OFFICEThe registered address for the Coalition is Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France.The registered address may be amended as appropriate, upon decision by the Steering Committee. ARTICLE 3: PURPOSE3.1. The goal of the Coalition is the universal abolition of the death penalty. To this end, the Coalition is dedicated to bringing together private, public, international, national, local and regional organisations to share in this objective. 3.2. In particular, the objectives of the Coalition consist of strengthening international action in the fight against the death penalty; in leading and coordinating action at an international level, particularly lobbying activities, to complement the actions that its members are carrying out; in bringing together new abolitionists, and in putting more pressure on those countries that keep capital punishment in their legislation. The Coalition also aims to create a network of abolitionist players and to support them. 3.3. The role of the Coalition is to complement the actions of its members, who remain entirely independent. As a priority, the Coalition acts at an international level. 3.4. The purpose of the World Coalition is to promote the universal abolition of the death penalty through all available means.ARTICLE 4: GENERAL RULES 4.1. At all levels of the Coalition, decisions shall be made by vote of a majority of two thirds of the members present or represented.4.2. Any governing body of the Coalition that has elected or appointed a person may relieve him/her of his or her role provided that s/he is given a chance to explain him/herself beforehand. ARTICLE 5: MEMBERSHIP5.1. Membership is open to all organisations and corporations, public or private, international, national, local or regional, who are committed to the fight against the death penalty, including local governments, trade unions, bar associations and human rights organisations.5.2. Every organisation that subscribes to the objective of universal abolition of the death penalty, and wishes to join the Coalition, should address a written request to the Secretariat, presenting the organisation, and indicating the ways in which it is currently taking, or planning to take, abolitionist action. The organisation should also address to the Secretariat a signed copy of the Intention Statement of the Coalition.5.3. Membership requests shall be submitted for examination and decision to the Steering Committee. ARTICLE 6: DE-REGISTRATION Membership status is lost through:-resignation by notification of the decision to the Executive Board of the Coalition;-de-registration determined by the General Assembly after serious violation of the current Statutes, of the Intention Statement of the Coalition or, if relevant, of the Rules of Procedure.-Non-payment of the membership fees, according to the terms established in the Rules of Procedure.ARTICLE 7: GENERAL ASSEMBLY 7.1. The General Assembly is comprised of all the members of the Coalition. It meets once every two years. It is convened by the President of the Coalition by any existing means of communication. Its agenda is fixed by the Steering Committee.If there is a need, or at the request of two thirds of the members, the President of the Coalition shall convene a special General Assembly.7.2. The General Assembly elects the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee is elected for twoyears. The General Assembly determines and adopts the general strategy of the Coalition. In the years in which the General Assembly meets, it also adopts the activity report and the financial report which are presented by the Steering Committee. 7.3. Each member has one vote. A member of the Coalition can be represented with a written proxy by another member of the Coalition at the General Assembly. A member can represent a maximum of two other members by proxy.7.4. The right to vote at the General Assembly will be reserved for those members who are up to date with their membership fees or for those who have been exempted.ARTICLE 8: STEERING COMMITTEE8.1. The Steering Committee is in charge of implementing the strategy defined by the General Assembly. 8.2. The Steering Committee is made up of twenty-five members of the World Coalition, elected by the General Assembly, including if at all possible one local government, one trade union, one bar association and one human rights organisation. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the 25 positions, the Steering Committee will work with the number of elected members. The composition of the Steering Committee must also endeavor to ensure a balanced geographical representation. Each member organisation of the Steering Committee must designate an individual to be its permanent representative, who can be replaced by the organization at any time.8.3. The Steering Committee meets at least once a quarter and is convened by the President of the Coalition. It deliberates on all propositions from any member of the Steering Committee or from ten or more members of the Coalition. A member of the Steering Committee can be represented by another member with a written proxy. A member of the Steering Committee cannot represent more than two other members by proxy.8.4 In the years in which the General Assembly does not meet, the Steering Committee is responsible for the adoption of the activity report and the financial report.8.5. The Steering Committee elects the Executive Board from amongst the candidates presented by its members. 8.6. The Steering Committee must send the minutes of each of its meetings to all members of the Coalition. 8.7. The members of the Steering Committee can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only express themselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the General Assembly or the Steering Committee.8.8. The Steering Committee or the General Assembly can put working groups in place for specific projects that will be coordinated by a member of the Coalition. The Steering Committee can appoint a permanent working group to help the Executive Board in its assignments. If relevant, the means of designation and operation, and the powers of the different working groups, will be provided for in the rules of procedure or in the minutes of the Steering Committee or General Assembly meetings which created them. ARTICLE 9: EXECUTIVE BOARD9.1. The Executive Board, under the delegation of the Steering Committee, has the responsibility for the general control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the non-profit organisation. The Executive Board implements the decisions of the Steering Committee. 9.2. The Executive Board comprises five members of the Steering Committee - a president, a treasurer and three vice-presidents. The Executive Board is elected by the Steering Committee for a term of two years and each Executive Board member can be re-elected for a maximum of three consecutive terms. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the five posts, the Executive Board will work with the number of members elected. The members of the Executive Board are individuals and not organisations but they must be linked to a member organisation of the Steering Committee.9.3. The Executive Board’s mandate will begin at the same time as the mandate of the Steering Committee. The Executive Board meets at least once a quarter before each Steering Committee meeting and is convened by the President of the Coalition. 9.4. The Executive Board must send the minutes of each of its meetings to the Steering Committee, using any usual means of communication. 9.5. The members of the Executive Board can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only express themselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the General Assembly or the Steering Committee.9.6 In the event that a member of the Executive Board resigns or is permanently unable to fulfill his or her duties, the President shall inform the Steering Committee, which at its next meeting, will elect a new member of the Executive Board in accordance with the provisions set out in Articles 8.5 and 9.2 ARTICLE 10: PRESIDENT10.1. The President represents the Coalition legally for acts of civil life and may take part in court proceedings on behalf of the Coalition, both in defense and in prosecution, with the provision, in the case of prosecution of a case at law, that s/he seeks prior authorization of the Steering Committee.10.2 The President must send the preparatory documents for the meetings of the General Assembly to all members of the Coalition one month in advance, using any usual means of communication.10.3. The President has the authority, wh [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EN-WCADP_Status2021_v2.0.pdf ) [525] => Array ( [objectID] => 17255 [title] => 2020 Activity Report [timestamp] => 1631145600 [date] => 09/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2020-activity-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Activity Report of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty for 2020, as adopted by its General Assembly on 18 June 2021 [texte] => Activity Report of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty for 2020, as adopted by its General Assembly on 18 June 2021I - Introduction by the PresidentDuring the past 6 years I have had the privilege of working from the Executive Board (EB) for the welfare of the Coalition and its member organizations. The last 4 years in the presidency, with the support of the Steering Committee. Along with me, the treasurer, Guillaume Colin, also reaches the maximum of three consecutive terms that we can serve at the EB; I am deeply grateful to Guillaume for those years of excellent service.Universal abolition of the death penalty does not come alone; it is driven by the efforts of thousands of activists. Reviewing this period, one realizes the importance of teamwork and the incalculable value of our network, which naturally carries the coordination of efforts, mutual support and partnership.When I started on the EB, we were working on a 5 year strategic plan that we have been able to see being implemented, with serious difficulties -primarily due to COVID-19-, but with great determination. Like any organization, we have experienced “growing pains”, we have not been perfect. But I can assure you that, on our way to our 20th anniversary, our struggle today is in a better position, more coordinated, mature, better informed, stronger, more integrated; and in addition to the important work at international organizations, the academia and justice courts, we have taken into account the battles of those who work and fight in every corner of the planet.Since assuming the presidency, our Coalition has added about 15 organizations to join us in our work. In numbers, there are 3 new abolitionist countries for all crimes, 3 more countries that are abolitionist in practice and 5 states in the United States that abolished capital punishment, in addition to the moratorium on executions in California, which had the biggest death row in that country. We have added, on balance, 6 votes in the UN in favor of the Resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in a world that seems to become more polarized on this issue, and on other human rights matters. Several countries also reduced the scope of crimes for which they apply the death penalty.And, while the trends towards victory is clear, we have faced enormous challenges, such as countries at risk of returning to execute, in particular I will mention the Philippines. We also suffered the spate of federal executions in the United States in the last 6 months of the Trump administration, but on the other hand they elected -for the first time- a president who pledged to abolish the federal death penalty in his campaign. It was with enormous disappointment that we watched the political prosecutions and large number of executions in Egypt; among other drawbacks that we collectively challenged. On top of it, this pandemic has changed everyone’s plans, including ours. Missions in many countries needed to be cancelled, others have just been postponed.Above all that, during this time we have had the opportunity to develop partnerships with several member organizations, providing them with greater visibility and institutional support, while enhancing their ability to receive funding for specific abolitionist projects. We have also supported work (such as the survey in Iran or the stories of women and the death penalty with Cornell University), and joined with ECPM to co-sponsor a World Congress. We have also entered into agreements with private companies to receive pro-bono work from their lawyers and develop projects that will be of great benefit to the Coalition and to our collective cause. Finally, although I am sure I have missed several items, I would like to highlight the launch of our new website worldcoalition.org.From Puerto Rico, a Caribbean and Latin American country, we embrace the universal abolition cause as human rights cause; we renew our vows of solidarity and commitment to fight for a more equitable, fairer societies and for better justice systems which transform the Peoples. Until abolition! Jusqu’à l’abolition! Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President (II - Objectives, Results, 2020 Indicators and Target CountriesA.SECURING ABOLITION1)Abolition of the death penalty Indicator for 2020: at least 1 country abolishes the death penalty Target countries: Belarus, Central African Republic, Chad, Cuba, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Niger, Liberia, Malaysia, Russia, Saint Lucia, Tajikistan, Uganda, 3 US states, Zambia, ZimbabweResults: Chad abolished the death penalty for all crimes, including terrorism, in April 2020.The State of Colorado in the USA abolished the death penalty on 23 March 2020.2)Ratification of abolitionist treatiesIndicator for 2020: 2 new countries ratify Target countries: Armenia, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Congo (Republic of), Cote d’Ivoire, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Samoa, SurinamePriority Countries: Guinea and Cote d’IvoireResults: Kazakhstan signed OP2-ICCPR on 23 September 2020. On 29 December 2020, the Senate of Kazakhstan passed a Law for its ratification, but the instruments or ratification were yet to be deposited with the UN Secretary General.3)Preventing the reintroduction of the death penaltyIndicator for 2020: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: Mongolia, Philippines, Turkey, US StatesResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 20204)Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries for ordinary crimes onlyIndicator for 2020: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: Brazil, Israel, PeruResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 2020B.PROMOTING MORATORIA ON EXECUTIONS IN VIEW OF FULL ABOLITION5)Contributing to the worldwide moratorium on executionsIndicator for 2020: 122 countries vote in favor of the moratorium resolution Target countries: Congo, DRC, Guinea, KenyaResult: 123 countries voted in favor of the moratorium resolution, including Congo and Guinea 6)Encouraging official moratoriumIndicator for 2020: 1 country officially declares a moratorium on executions Target countries: Belarus, the State of California in the USA, DRC, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, TaiwanResult: Malaysia and the State of California in the US continued to observe official moratoriums on executions in 2020. 7)Preventing resumption of executionsIndicator for 2020: no abolitionist in practice countries resume executionsTarget countries: Cameroon, Chad, Liberia, Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, TunisiaResults: no target abolitionist in practice country resumed executions in 2020 C.LIMITING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY8)Reducing the scope of the death penaltyIndicator: at least 1 country reduces the scope of the death penalty in 2020Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, China, Dominica, Grenada, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA states (Texas, Virginia, Alabama), VietnamResult: The State of California in the USA extended the ban on the death penalty for intellectually disabled individuals to include those individuals who are over 18 years of age in 2020.9)Reducing the number of people executedIndicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2016: 1,031 – excluding China) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Palestine, Pakistan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand Results: The number of known executions decreased by 26% compared to the 2019 total, continuing the year-on-year reduction recorded since 2015 (483 people, excluding China). The significant drop in known executions was primarily linked to decreases in Iraq and Saudi Arabia.10)Reducing the number of people sentenced to deathIndicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2016: 3,117– excluding China)Target countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Barbados, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Tunisia, USA,Results: The global total of newly imposed death sentences known to Amnesty International (at least 1,477- excluding China) fell by 36% compared to 2019, partly because the Covid-19 pandemic caused disruptions and delays in criminal proceedings across the world.11)Encouraging clemency and commutations to reduce the number of people on death rowIndicator: 20% decrease in 5 years (According to Amnesty International’s annual report: “at least 21 885 people were known to be under a sentence of death worldwide at the end of 2017”)Target countries: Algeria, India, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, USA Result: Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 33 countries including: India, Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, ant the USA. Recorded commutation of death sentences increased by 87% in Sub-Saharan Africa.12)Encouraging more transparency regarding the application of the death penaltyIndicator: At least 1 retentionist country makes available relevant information in a report to the UN (UPR, UNSG annual report, moratorium report, reports to treaty bodies…), disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, as well as information on any scheduled execution, which can contribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates (2020 UNGA Moratorium Resolution A/RES/75/183, 7.c) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Japan, North Korea, S [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EN_WCADP_2020ActivityReport.pdf ) [526] => Array ( [objectID] => 18475 [title] => The Arts and Human Rights: Introducing the “Sweet Destiny” Album and Film [timestamp] => 1629849600 [date] => 25/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/introducing-the-sweet-destiny-album-and-film/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR); August 25, 2021: Pioneering Iranian alternative rock band, Kiosk have released a new musical film and album titled “Sweet Destiny.” Based on a historic 1853 photograph of a public execution by cannon fire in Iran, it is the first professional Farsi language album or film of its kind to be dedicated to the subject of the death penalty.The story is narrated by the photographer who has been summoned to photograph the scene of the execution as proof and questions the defendant’s crime. Divided into 14 acts, the imagined story of the execution is layered with cultural and political metaphors and references. Kiosk’s rich and poignant songs create context, take the viewers through the history of Iran since 1853 and highlight the critical issues around the death penalty and human rights breaches in Iran. Using historical photographs, paintings and animation, Sweet Destiny is visually mesmerising and thought provoking with sprinkles of satire that masterfully cross cultural boundaries. The film is subtitled in English. [texte] => / IHRightsیک جوان کرد به‌نام #میلاد_جعفری پس از بازداشت توسط نیروی انتظامی، به‌طرز مشکوکی در بازداشتگاه آگاهی شاپور، جان خود… https://t.co/5akLVmvZGY13 AprIHRNEWS AND ARTICLESREPORTSINFOGRAPHICSTRANSITIONMULTIMEDIASTATEMENTSفارسی HOME NEWS AND ARTICLES THE ARTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: INTRODUCING THE “SWEET DESTINY” ALBUM AND FILMThe Arts and Human Rights: Introducing the “Sweet Destiny” Album and Film25 Aug 21 Sweet DestinyShare thisKiosk’s rich and poignant songs create context, take the viewers through the history of Iran since 1853 and highlight the critical issues around the death penalty and human rights breaches in Iran.The Arts and Human Rights: Introducing the “Sweet Destiny” Album and FilmIran Human Rights (IHR); August 25, 2021: Pioneering Iranian alternative rock band, Kiosk have released a new musical film and album titled “Sweet Destiny.” Based on a historic 1853 photograph of a public execution by cannon fire in Iran, it is the first professional Farsi language album or film of its kind to be dedicated to the subject of the death penalty.The story is narrated by the photographer who has been summoned to photograph the scene of the execution as proof and questions the defendant’s crime. Divided into 14 acts, the imagined story of the execution is layered with cultural and political metaphors and references. Kiosk’s rich and poignant songs create context, take the viewers through the history of Iran since 1853 and highlight the critical issues around the death penalty and human rights breaches in Iran. Using historical photographs, paintings and animation, Sweet Destiny is visually mesmerising and thought provoking with sprinkles of satire that masterfully cross cultural boundaries. The film is subtitled in English. Kiosk have dedicated the film “to the families of the victims of the death penalty and all those working for the abolishment of this inhuman punishment.” Supported by Iran Human Rights, Sweet Destiny has been made available for those in Iran but we ask the Iranian diaspora and our friends and allies to support our fight against the death penalty by donating their chosen amount through this PayPal link. You can watch the full film here. For more information, visit the Sweet Destiny website. “In order to abolish the death penalty, we need society as a whole to stand shoulder to shoulder with activists and human rights organisations and shout in unison. Artists and the arts can convey the voice of activists to sections of society that human rights organisations cannot reach. Kiosk and Arash Sobhani have managed to bring that voice to popular culture with their talent and artistry by producing the outstanding and powerful Sweet Destiny film and album,” said Iran Human Rights’ Director, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam.The Sweet Destiny album is also available for streaming on Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube and Soundcloud. Share thisFOLLOW US ON FACEBOOKMORE FROM @IHRIGHTSIran Human Rights @ihrights 09 AprRT @Hoghoghema: «پدر #امیرحسین_مرادی به‌دلیل فشارهای وارد شده بر فرزندش سکته کرده است. مادر امیرحسین هم از نظر روحی اصلا در شرایط مناسبی نی…Iran Human Rights @ihrights 09 AprRT @Hoghoghema: رضا یونسی، برادر #علی_یونسی، در این گفتگو که به مناسبت ۵۶۰ امین روز بازداشت موقت برادرش و #امیرحسین_مرادی تدوین شده، از چگو…Iran Human Rights @ihrights 09 AprOn 24 Dec 2021, IHRNGO expressed its grave concern about the impending heavy and baseless sentences against Ali and… https://t.co/UdTh6nliaJIHRNGO is building a strong civil society, through empowerment of the citizens, promoting and defending the human rights. LATEST CARTOON The Supreme Leader's CaneLATEST REPORT Report: Human Rights Defenders in Iran 202116 Dec 21Report: Human Rights Defenders in Iran 2021 ABOUT USCONTACT US NGOsource Equivalency Determination on File [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4864/ ) [527] => Array ( [objectID] => 18390 [title] => The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment [timestamp] => 1629504000 [date] => 21/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-the-prohibition-of-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The signatory organizations are convinced that the death penalty is incompatible with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which is a peremptory norm of international law (jus cogens) and should thus be abolished. The death penalty is only tolerated by international law and standards to the extent that it may only be imposed for the most serious crimes and applied in a way that causes the least possible suffering. However, the signatory organizations believe that from the sentencing to the execution, the death penalty inevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering amounting to torture or ill-treatments.The present position paper documents the extent to which international and regional organisation have already recognised a violation of the absolution prohibitionof torture in the application and imposition of the death penalty. [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTY AND THE PROHIBITION OF TORTURE AND CRUEL,INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENTAugust 2021The signatory organizations1 are convinced that the death penalty is incompatible with theprohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which is aperemptory norm of international law (jus cogens) and should thus be abolished2. The death penaltyis only tolerated by international law and standards to the extent that it may only be imposed forthe most serious crimes3 and applied in a way that causes the least possible suffering4. However,the signatory organizations believe that from the sentencing to the execution, the death penaltyinevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering amounting to torture or illtreatments.I. The death penalty recognised as a form of torture at the different stages of itsapplicationA. At the time of sentencing1. Fair trial guaranteesAs recalled in the General Comment No. 36 on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights (“the Covenant”), a death penalty conviction based on information procuredby torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of interrogated persons would violate article6 of the Covenant regarding the right to life, but also fair trial guarantees5 and the prohibition oftorture6. Recently, both the Human Rights Committee and the Committee Against Tortureexpressed concerns about allegations of death sentences based on confessions obtained under1 Signatory organizations:1. Paris Bar Association; 2. Bar Association of Puerto Rico (BAPR); 3. Nigerian Coalition Against the Death Penalty(CONICOPEM); 4. Capital Punishment Justice Project (CJPJ); 5. Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty(CTCPM); 6. Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM); 7. International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT); 8.International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH); 9. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims(IRCT); 10. Iran Human Rights (IHR); 11. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT); 12. Parliamentarians forGlobal Action (PGA); 13. Redress; 14. Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l'éducation du Niger(SYNAFEN) ; 15. World Coalition Against Death Penalty (WCADP) ; 16. Witness to Innocence (WTI).2 International Court Tribunal for former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Anto Furund􀀀ija, IT-95-17/1-T, para. 153 – 157, 10December 1998.3 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6, 16 December 19664 Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the deathpenalty, Resolution 1984/50, 25 May 1984.5 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6 paragraph 2 and article 14, 16 December 19666 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, General Comment No. 36 - Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36,para. 54, 3 September 2019.2duress or torture in Bahrain7 and in Viet Nam8. In such situation, the imposition of the deathpenalty would amount to a violation of the right to life and the absolute prohibition of torture.Moreover, the absence of legal assistance by counsel of their choice at any time during theinvestigative phase of their detention is perceived as particularly grave when facing the deathpenalty9.2. Prohibition of the death penalty for vulnerable groupsInternational law explicitly prohibits the application of the death penalty to different groups ofhuman beings perceived as particularly vulnerable, such as juveniles10, pregnant women11 orpersons whose serious psychosocial or intellectual disabilities impede their effective defence12.According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, juveniles, “because oftheir immaturity, may not fully comprehend the consequences of their actions and should benefit from less severesanctions than adults”13.To Juan Méndez, the former Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment (“Special Rapporteur on torture”), these prohibitions shouldthen not be understood as attributing a different value to their right to life, but as consideringimposition and application of the death penalty in such cases as excessive, and thus as particularlycruel, inhuman and degrading with regard to article 7 of the Covenant and articles 1 and 16 of theConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment(“the Convention against Torture”)14.B. Pending execution: the death row phenomenonAccording to the Special Rapporteur on torture, conditions of detention on death row mayamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In 2012, he definedthe death row phenomenon as a combination of circumstances, including the « lengthy and anxietyriddenwait for uncertain outcomes, isolation, drastically reduced human contact and even the physical conditions inwhich some inmates are held », which produce severe mental trauma and physical suffering15. Secretdetention, solitary confinement and social exclusion can also characterize the death rowphenomenon and have effects on detainees ranging from various forms of anxiety, stress and7 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, Concluding observations on the initial report of Bahrain,CCPR/C/BHR/CO/1, para. 31 -32, 15 November 2018.8 Committee against Torture of the United Nations, Concluding observations on the initial report of Viet Nam,CAT/C/VNM/CO/1, para. 28- 29, 28 December 2018.9 Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations, Opinion No. 32/2019concerning Saeed Malekpour (Islamic Republic of Iran), A/HRC/WGAD/2019/32, para. 47, 9 September 2019.10 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 6 § 5, 16 December 1966.11 Ibidem.12 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, General Comment No. 36 – Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36,para. 49, 3 September 2019.13 UN News, Robinson expresses concerns about scheduled execution in US of two juvenile offenders, 1 August 2002.14 General Assembly of the United Nations, Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment, A/67/279, para. 58, 9 August 2012.15 Ibid. para. 42.3depression to cognitive impairment and suicidal tendencies16 in violation of the prohibition oftorture17.In Soering v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights considered that a long periodspent on death row « with the ever present and mounting anguish of awaiting execution of the death penalty »would expose the convict to « a real risk of treatment going beyond the threshold » of article 3 of theEuropean Convention on Human Rights18. That jurisprudence was later reaffirmed by theEuropean Court19 and other regional courts have also followed such as the Inter-AmericanCommission on Human Rights20.The Human Rights Committee considers that prolonged judicial proceedings, if they do not per seconstitute cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, especially when the convict is availing himselfor herself of appellate remedies, could amount to a violation of article 7 of the Covenantdepending on the author, the specific conditions of detention and whether the proposed methodof execution is abhorrent21. Hence, failure to provide convicts with timely notification about thescheduled date of their execution is also considered as a form of ill-treatment which renders theexecution likely to be contrary to the prohibition of torture22. Similarly, the Committee AgainstTorture affirmed that the delays in recourse procedures in the United States keep prisonerssentenced to death in a situation of anguish and incertitude for many years which can amount totorture in certain cases23.Criminology confirmed as well that the death row phenomenon produces feelings ofabandonment, leading to « the death of personality », whose symptoms are depression, capacity,loss of sense of reality and physical and mental deterioration, that may result in severe personalitydistortions and denial of reality24. Thus, psychological trauma is an inevitable consequence of theimposition of the death penalty according to authors25.C. During the execution1. GeneralAccording to the European Court of Human Rights, judicial execution involves deliberate andpremeditated destruction of a human being, hence causing physical pain and psychological16 Human Rights Council of the United Nations, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/43/49, para. 59, 20 March 2020.17 Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations, Opinion No. 32/2019concerning Saeed Malekpour (Islamic Republic of Iran), A/HRC/WGAD/2019/32, para. 40, 9 September 2019.18 European Court of Human Rights, Soering v. United Kingdom, No. 14038/88, para. 111, 7 July 1989.19 European Court of Human Rights, Einhorn v. France, No. 71555/01, para. 26, 16 October 2001.20 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Russell Bucklew v. United States, No. 71/18, Case 12.958, para. 91, 10May 2018 and Inter-American Court on Human Rights, Hilaire, Constantine and Benjamin et al. v. Trinidad and Tobago,para. 168, 21 June 2002.21 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, Kindler v. Canada, No. 470/1991, para. 15.3, 30 July 1993.22 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, General Comment No. 36 - Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36,para. 40, 3 September 2019.23 Committee against Torture of the United Nations, Concluding observations on the combined third to fifth periodic reports ofthe United States of America, CAT/C/USA/CO/3-5, para. 25, 19 December 2014.24 Johnson, Robert. Condemned to die: Life under sentence of death, New York, Elsevier, 1981.25 N Bojosi, Kealeboga. The death row phenomenon and the prohibition against torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment,African Human Rights Law Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 303-333, 2004.4suffering, whatever the method of exec [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://www.fiacat.org/en/publications-en/reports/thematic-reports/3003-the-death-penalty-and-the-prohibition-of-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment ) [528] => Array ( [objectID] => 17093 [title] => What is the Risk that the Death Penalty Will Return in Your Country? [timestamp] => 1629417600 [date] => 20/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/threat-levels-of-the-resurgence-of-the-death-penalty-based-on-key-indicators-drawn-from-the-project-experience/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This interactive tool will allow you to identify the threat levels of the resurgence of the death penalty in your country. It is based on key indicators drawn from the experience of the World Coalition’s pilot project in three countries: the Maldives, the Philippines and Turkey from 2018 to 2021. [texte] => This interactive tool will allow you to identify the threat levels of the resurgence of the death penalty in your country. It is based on key indicators drawn from the experience of the World Coalition’s pilot project in three countries: the Maldives, the Philippines and Turkey from 2018 to 2021. (more…) "What is the Risk that the Death Penalty Will Return in Your Country?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [529] => Array ( [objectID] => 17071 [title] => Poster Hausa 2021 – Ranan Yancin Hukum Cin Kissan Dounia [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-hausa-2021-ranan-yancin-hukum-cin-kissan-dounia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Matan da Akama Hukun Cin Raï da Raï : Gaskiyan da Ba'a Gani [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_Poster_Hausa_BD.pdf ) [530] => Array ( [objectID] => 17062 [title] => Poster Zarma 2021 – Jaaro Kan Ika Unndunyara Imatamgan Nda Wiiyen Ciito [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-zarma-2021-jaaro-kan-ika-unndunyara-imatamgan-nda-wiiyen-ciito/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Woyboro Kan Wii Yen Ciiti Ndira a Bon Cimi No Kan Borey Si Nga Ndi [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_Poster_Zarma_BD.pdf ) [531] => Array ( [objectID] => 17053 [title] => Poster TL 2021- Pandaigdigang Araw Laban sa Parusang Kamatayan [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-tl-2021-pandaigdigang-araw-laban-sa-parusang-kamatayan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kababaihang nahatulan ng parusang kamatayan: isang di nakikitang realidad [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021-Poster-TAGALOG-BD.pdf ) [532] => Array ( [objectID] => 17044 [title] => Poster Lunganda 2021 – OLUNAKU LWENSI YONNA LWETUJJUKIRA KAWEFUBBE WO KULWANYISA EKIBONEREZO KYO KUWANIKA ABANTU KU KALABBA [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-lunganda-2021-olunaku-lwensi-yonna-lwetujjukira-kawefubbe-wo-kulwanyisa-ekibonerezo-kyo-kuwanika-abantu-ku-kalabba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OKUWANIKA ABAKAZI KU KALABBA: AMAZIMA AMEKUSIFU [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021-Poster-LUGANDA-BD.pdf ) [533] => Array ( [objectID] => 17035 [title] => Poster Lingala 2021 – Mokolo ya kobundela etumbu ya liwa na mokili mobimba [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-lingala-2021-mokolo-ya-kobundela-etumbu-ya-liwa-na-mokili-mobimba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Basi pe bazali kozuwa etumbu ya liwa: Ezali kosalema kasi komonana na miso ya bato te [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_Poster_LINGALA-BD.pdf ) [534] => Array ( [objectID] => 17005 [title] => 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty – Engaging the Special Procedures of the UN Human Rights Council: Women and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/19th-world-day-special-procedures-of-the-un-human-rights-council/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the methods in this tool are applicable beyond the scope of capital punishment, for the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty have drafted this How-To on engaging the United Nations (UN) Special Procedures for elevating cases pertaining to women who have been sentenced to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_How-to-Work-With-UN-mechanisms_v5.pdf ) [535] => Array ( [objectID] => 17003 [title] => The war on drugs, forensic science and the death penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-war-on-drugs-forensic-science-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The effectiveness of the death penalty to deter heinous crimes remains a contentious issue even though it has been abolished in many countries. Three years into President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration, the push to re-impose the death penalty is being taken seriously. There is urgency in providing options to the drug problem other than killing drug suspects in the streets or sentencing them to death. The drug problem is a complex issue and exposes the human vulnerability of its users for criminal exploitation. We propose here that addressing these vulnerabilities in a balanced and comprehensive manner through health-focused, rights-based criminal justice responses, conducting forensic science-based drug investigations and determining the social causes of drug abuse is an alternative solution that demands cooperation across different sectors of society as well as underscores the fundamental value of human life. [texte] => The effectiveness of the death penalty to deter heinous crimes remains a contentious issue even though it has been abolished in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, European Union member nations and some Asian countries such as Cambodia, and Nepal [1]. Many argue that the irrevocability of the death penalty, in the face of potential erroneous convictions, can never justify its imposition [2,3].Three years into President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration, the push to re-impose the death penalty for the third time is being taken seriously by the Philippine House of Congress and the Senate. With the majority of legislators supportive of President Duterte’s war on drugs amidst the absence of the universal principles of the rule of law [4], there is increasing realization of the impending possibility that a death penalty law will be passed soon. In 2019 alone, 19 bills had been filed in the 18th Philippine Congress seeking to re-impose the death penalty for certain serious offenses. 15 of these seek to impose the death penalty for drug trafficking and other drug related offenses.The Philippines is not new to the death penalty. The death penalty in the Philippines can be traced as far back in history as the time of Spanish colonization wherein the Spanish Penal Code of 1848 prescribed the death penalty for individuals challenging its rule. This continued through to the Marcos regime that ended during the EDSA revolution of February 1986. During the Corazon Aquino government the ratification of the 1987 Constitution paved the way for the abolition of the death penalty making the Philippines to be the first Asian country to do so [1]. All death sentences at the time were reduced to reclusion perpetua. However, five years later, the Philippine Congress under the administration of then President Fidel Ramos re-imposed the death penalty law through Republic Act No. 7659 in order to address the rising criminality and incidence of heinous crimes. The country held the record for the highest number of mandatory death offenses (30 offenses) and death eligible offenses (22 offenses) after it was re-imposed in 1994. Notably in its history, majority of death penalty convictions in the Philippines were decided based on testimonial evidence. On June 24, 2006, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo suspended capital punishment when Republic Act No. 9346 was signed into law. In the same year, the Philippines became a signatory to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which strongly advocates for the abolition of the death penalty globally.Those who oppose the death penalty argue against its re-imposition on several grounds: 1) the death penalty is anti-poor; 2) the death penalty does not deter the commission of crimes; 3) the death penalty is disproportionate to the crime, even as classifying drug trafficking and other drug related offenses as most serious crimes is questionable; 4) the high judicial error rate on capital cases found upon review by the Philippine Supreme Court; and 5) the failure of government agencies to prosecute drug suspects which highlights the weaknesses in drug investigations. We propose here that the increased use of forensic sciences and the formation of institutional cooperation amongst law enforcement, health agencies and universities to improve drug investigations would significantly aid in the prosecution and conviction of the real perpetrators of drug offenses (supply) as well as address the reasons why persons choose to use drugs in the first place (demand). Strengthened international cooperation across law enforcement agencies with support from institutions such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is also needed to address the movement of drugs within and across national borders [3]. The production, trafficking, sale and use of drugs is a more complex problem [5] that cannot be solved within the six-month moratorium originally set by the Duterte administration in 2016 which many believe to have been the justification for the “extraordinary procedures” used for the country’s war on drugs. There are numerous allegations from local as well as international bodies of state-mandated killings or the so-called “extrajudicial killings” performed by “of-duty” police officers, with many undocumented cases that do not make it to any police blotter [6,7]. While more recent official number of deaths was estimated to be ∼6,600, some human rights groups claim the number of deaths to be more than 30,000, most of whom belong to the urban poor [8]. We believe that bringing back the death penalty only opens doors to abuses, government misconduct and unfair trial for many of the more vulnerable members of the community. With over 240,000 drug arrestees and 1,283,409 surrenderees packed in overcrowded jails [9], the re-imposition of the death penalty will only further the blood bath already happening in the streets, by bringing this war to the courtroom and legalizing the actions of agents who are convinced that death is the ultimate solution to the war on drugs.The death penalty is grossly disadvantageous and is disproportionately meted against the poor [2,10]. Records show that most of the persons who were sentenced to death belong to the lower classes of society [2]. In 2004 during the time that the death penalty was in place in the Philippines, a survey conducted by the Free Legal Assistance Group on 890 out of 1120 death inmates showed that 73.1% death convicts belong to the lower classes, 8.2% belonged to the middle class, while only 0.8% belonged to the upper class. Majority were unschooled and unlettered, having finished only elementary education, mostly in public schools. Most inmates were not assisted by counsel during investigations because they could not afford to hire a lawyer. During trial most opted to seek legal assistance from the Public Attorney’s Office. Notably, 27.5% did not have a single consultation with their lawyer during the entire time of their trial which took an average of 4–7 years, and 24.9% only had from 2-5 consultations [11]. The heavy workload of state prosecutors, defense counsels and judges affect trial preparations, including mandatory death and death-eligible cases at that time. If the death penalty law is passed, the extent of defense provided for the poor who could not hire private lawyers is expected to lead to a very high number of death convictions. The lack of access to a fair trial has been repeatedly raised against the implementation of the death penalty in many jurisdictions [12].The proponents of the death penalty in the House of Representatives and the Senate try to justify its re-imposition by claiming that it is an effective deterrent to crimes. However, contrary to the view of its proponents, there are no conclusive studies to show that the death penalty actually deters crimes [13,14]. In fact, crime volume decreased in the years after the abolition of the death penalty based on the statistics provided by the Philippine National Police for 2009–2014 [15]. In the US, Johnson [16] highlighted the importance of the certainty of being caught and punished, rather than the severity of punishment, in deterring the commission of crimes.The United Nations first recognized capital punishment as a global concern in December 1966 when the UN General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and expressly announced the goal of abolishing the death penalty in all countries. Even though capital punishment is not prohibited, it is to be limited only to the most serious crimes. The lack of a clear definition provided by the ICCPR of what constitutes the “most serious crimes” has led to the arbitrary exercise of the death penalty because what one country may consider a most serious crime may not be considered as such in another country [13]. In a study comparing the use of capital punishment for drug trafficking in different countries, Leechaianan and Longmire [12] concluded that giving the death penalty to those convicted of drug-related crime is disproportionate to the gravity of the offense. The study cites an implicit consensus across many United Nation agencies that interprets the most serious crime to be those that are life threatening or intentional crimes with fatal outcomes. Hence the argument questioning the seriousness of drug offenses when different jurisdictions vary in the imposition of the death penalty was put forward. For example, the death penalty is meted out to persons with 15 g of diamorphine (equivalent to 750 g of normal heroine) in Singapore whereas possession of only 15 g of normal heroine is sufficient to get the same penalty in Malaysia. The gravity of a crime that qualifies it to be a serious crime must be universally recognized across all jurisdictions regardless of political, cultural and religious backgrounds.A major concern in the Philippines is that the trier of fact in the lower courts is a single individual. Substantial errors committed by trial courts on questions of facts may not be corrected by appellate courts thus, convictions made by trial court judges are difficult to reverse. Under the Philippine procedural law, the Supreme Court will not rule on questions of fact but usually passes solely upon questions of law. During the re-imposition of the death penalty from 1994 to 2004, death conviction cases were sent to the Supreme Court for automatic review. In the same period, even with Philippine procedural laws that limit the review process, over 71% of death penalty convictions were modified (64.6%) or revoked (7.1%) by the Supreme Court. Errors were detected without the presentation of additional evidence since the Philippine criminal justice system was not structured to accept post-conviction evidence at that time. The Supreme Court then required that all death penalty cases must first be reviewed by the Court of Appeals before these cas [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X19301597 ) [536] => Array ( [objectID] => 17001 [title] => Death in the time of Covid-19: Efforts to restore the death penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-in-the-time-of-covid-19-efforts-to-restore-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Philippine Congress recently passed a bill amending the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses. House Bill No. 7814 also allows the presumption of guilt in certain drug-related crimes unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing constitutional presumption of innocence. The bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away before being signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte. This paper discusses the ramifications of the new bill and the questioned timeliness of its passage when the country continues to have a large and overcrowded prison population and a significant number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia. The government's lapses in following the 2021 national vaccination plan became apparent in the 31 March 2021 assessment made by the congressional health panel on the government's response to the pandemic. From the authors' perspective, the urgency of using the country's limited resources to help medical frontliners and local government units prevent further infections and save lives should have outweighed the efforts exerted to pass a law that legalized the death penalty for the third time in the Philippines. [texte] => "The Philippine Congress recently passed a bill amending the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses. House Bill No. 7814 also allows the presumption of guilt in certain drug-related crimes unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing constitutional presumption of innocence. The bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away before being signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte. This paper discusses the ramifications of the new bill and the questioned timeliness of its passage when the country continues to have a large and overcrowded prison population and a significant number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia. The government's lapses in following the 2021 national vaccination plan became apparent in the 31 March 2021 assessment made by the congressional health panel on the government's response to the pandemic. From the authors' perspective, the urgency of using the country's limited resources to help medical frontliners and local government units prevent further infections and save lives should have outweighed the efforts exerted to pass a law that legalized the death penalty for the third time in the Philippines. Previous article in issue"In characterizing the global pandemic of 2020, the immortal words of Charles Dickens have never seemed to be more apt -, "[I]t was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of disbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair ... " (Dickens, 1859). These eloquent passages ring particularly true in the Philippines to describe the government’s continuing efforts in the mid-dle of a national health crisis to restore the death penalty as part of the drive to solve the illegal drug problem. The “war on drugs” was one of Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s central campaign platforms where he committed to stop the drug trade within six months (Corrales, 2017). When he took office on 1 July 2016, he emboldened the police to kill drug suspects with impunity (Reyes, 2016). As of 31 December 2020, the “war on drugs” had officially claimed 6011 lives during anti-drug operations (Marquez, 2021). However, the United Nations Commis-sion on Human Rights and its Philippine equivalent estimate that the figure is significantly higher (Human Rights Watch, 2021, p. 386). During his State of the Nation Address delivered on 27 July 2020, President Duterte renewed his call to bring back the death penalty by lethal injection for crimes specified in the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. The President asserted that “this law will not only help deter criminality but also save our children from the dangers posed by illegal and dangerous drugs” (Rappler, 2020).In response to the President’s appeal, the House of Representatives consolidated 11 pending bills into House Bill No. 7814 (Barbers & Garbin, 2020). This bill was passed on 02 March 2021, amending pro-visions of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses (PTV News, 2021). Congress took a step further by making the prosecution of drug cases easier in court. HB7814 contained provisions that persons are presumed guilty of committing certain drug-related offenses unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing presumption of innocence that is found in Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948) and Article III, Sec. 14 (2) of the Philippine Constitution of 1987 (Republic of the Philippines, 1987). Several lawmakers strongly opposed the bill, particularly the inclusion of the ‘presumption of ‘guilt’ clauses (CNN Philippines, 2021). To date, the bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away from being signed into law by the President, who has made the “war on drugs” a part of his political platform (Corrales, 2017). The consolidated bill identified the drug offenses that could result in a death sentence (death-eligible crimes) and those where the court is required to impose the maximum punishment of death (death-manda-tory crimes). These offenses are listed in Table 1. Drug trafficking, drug abuse, and other drug-related offenses pose a threat to the Philippines (Simbulan, Estacio et al., 2019) and the global community. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that in 2019 at least 269 million people worldwide, or at least 5.4% of the global population aged 15–64, had used drugs at least once in the previous year (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2020). Psychiatric studies have shown that drug addiction is a brain disease accompanied by a psychiatric disorder or other co-morbidities (Leshner, 1997). In other countries, the temporary removal of drug users from the community while treating their addiction is a more effective interven-tion (Kerr, Small et al., 2005). There is evidence to support the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment compared to the use of law enforcement-based resources to address a country’s drug problem (Caulkins & Chandler, 2006). Hence, the Philippines need to explore and fund diverse drug-rehabilitation approaches that are focused on addressing health issues rather than expanding law enforcement. Interestingly, the Mega Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Nueva Ecija, some 100 km north of Manila, is not fully utilized. The facility built for 10,000 addicts had reported only 2,085 severe drug addicts who completed its program in three and a half years (Allard & Lema, 2020). In 2019, technical experts updated the drug policies that should guide local government units to establish treatment and reha-bilitation programs for drug users (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019). Because the policies are guidelines and not directives from the executive branch of government, funding to support local programs is not automatically appropriated in the national budget. Also, programs appear to be implemented mainly by religious and socio-civic organizations rather than the government’s health network. The addi-tional economic requirements for successful treatment, e.g., absence of an income during the rehabilitation period when the drug user is the wage earner, must also be addressed. One approach to incentivize drug users to complete an entire rehabilitation program is by providing alternative forms of employment for the remaining family members during the treatment period.The authors find the underutilization of Philippine drug treatment facilities alarming, given the severely overcrowded jails and prisons. We strongly urge Congress to thoroughly review the country’s approach to the drug problem, to approve a larger proportion of the national budget for health that would specifically focus on drug rehabilitation, and to support sociological research that assesses the effectiveness of local programs given the specific challenges drug users face in the Philippines. The drug problem should be seen from a public health perspective and not viewed solely as a law enforcement problem to address a policy of criminalization and punishment (Simbulan, Estacio et al., 2019).Serious doubts have been raised about the timeliness and appropri-ateness of the passage of HB7814 in the middle of a global pandemic where the SARS-CoV-2 virus had already infected over 953,106 Fili-pinos, with 127,006 active cases, and caused the death of 16,141 others, as of 20 April 2021 (DOH, 2021). Aside from the human toll, the pandemic has devastated the Philippine economy, which posted a negative growth rate of −9.5% for its Gross Domestic Product in 2020 (Mapa, 2021). Around 10.9 million Filipinos lost their jobs and had lower incomes due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Lazo & Rodriguez, 2020). The Philippine government debt also ballooned to P9.8 trillion at the end of December 2020, pushing the debt-to-GDP ratio to the highest level over a decade as the government borrowed more to fund the pandemic response (Laforga, 2021). Moreover, it seems like poor Filipinos are being targeted by the ‘War on Drugs’ because they are the ones who use shabu or crystal meth that can shrink the brain (Espenido, 2018; Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2021). In our opinion, these urgent and pressing problems certainly deserve more of the 'legislators' time and attention than measures intended to cause more deaths and suffering.The current global pandemic highlighted the severe state of Philippine jails and prisons that are more crowded than other prison systems globally (Aben, 2020). As of February 2021, the seven Philippine correctional institutions' average prison population occupation rate was 442%, with the women's correctional facility in Mindanao having the highest rate of 551% (Bureau of Corrections, 2021). The occupancy level of Philippine prisons was 463.6% which was the second-highest level below the Republic of Congo (World Prison Brief, 2020).As a consequence of the “war on drugs” and the numerous unsolved cases of extrajudicial killings (Go & De Ungria, 2019), prisoners on the so-called government's narcotics list have been told to stay in jail to remain alive (Gomez, 2018). During the Duterte administration, the narcotics list was used to target drug suspects in police operations and drive-by shootings. The government has channeled ‘intelligence’ money so that the list could be updated and used as an integral instrument in the war on drugs (Talabong, 2020). Many suspects from the most impoverished communities who have been caught because of the narcotics list cannot pose bail. During the period before the pandemic, police arrested nearly 100 drug suspects daily (Morales, 2017). Most remain imprisoned throughout their trial, thus [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666353821000114 ) [537] => Array ( [objectID] => 16982 [title] => Preventing the Reinstatement of Capital Punishment in the Maldives [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/preventing-the-reinstatement-of-capital-punishment-in-the-maldives/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Findings from a preliminary study concerning the local abolitionist movement, risksto related civilsociety organizations and the identification of capacity building opportunities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2_pg_-MALDIVES_EN_BD.pdf ) [538] => Array ( [objectID] => 16962 [title] => Preventing the Reintroduction of the Death Penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/preventing-the-reintroduction-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Findings of a study on the threats facing local civil society efforts to combat reinstroduction of the death penalty and the risks involved with reintroducing the death penalty in the Philippines. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PHIL_2_page_handout_EN.pdf ) [539] => Array ( [objectID] => 16943 [title] => Turkey: The Risk of Reinstatment of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/turkey-the-risk-of-reinstatment-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Findings from a preliminary study on the situation of human rights defenders in Turkey and the potential of a return to capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/doc-2page_turquie_EN_V3.pdf ) [540] => Array ( [objectID] => 16941 [title] => The death penalty in Egypt: Ten year after the uprising [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-egypt-ten-year-after-the-uprising/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reprieve wrote this report about the use of the death penalty in Egypt. [texte] => On 17th August 2017, I was visiting Egypt during my summer break, and was due to travel back to Ireland, my home country, in four days. Instead,I was arrested for taking part in protests. I was 17 years old. Witnessing people being massacred for democracy didn’t sit right with me as a teen.I grew up believing that democracy and human rights have no borders, and that people shouldn’t be kidnapped and murdered when calling for these rights.I was charged in a mass trial along with hundreds of others. In jail, I was tortured: I was stripped naked, beaten and kept in sweltering, overcrowded cells. Any visitations that were permitted could only last for two minutes, while I was behind barbed wiring. I thought that if I was not executed, I would surely die in jail. After four years and two months of adjourned trials, I was acquitted and released. By the time I got home to Ireland, I was 21 years old.I lost the crucial years from being a child to becoming an adult. While being in jail, two of my sisters got married, and five new babies were welcomed into the family. My mother was diagnosed with cancer and my uncle passed away. I received a letter from my best friend describing my high school graduation, which I had missed, and a few years later, my college graduation too. To this day flashbacks of whatI endured continue to haunt me.I first heard of Reprieve while in solitary confinement. It was my 18th birthday and I cried that I couldn’t celebrate it with my loved ones. Reprieve sent me a birthday card with 8,000 signatures. It was a candle that lit my dark cell. I was released because of the tireless work of my family, the legal organisation Reprieve, assistance from the Irish government, and support from others who heard about my circumstances.Thousands of other Egyptians have had the same terrifying experience. Egypt continues to use mass trials to sentence people to death. Some of those sentenced to death are children, like I was. Many of those sentenced in mass trials are eventually executed, and in 2020, the rate of executions in Egypt skyrocketed. This report lays bare the extent of this shocking crisis, with figures that make the scale of this disaster undeniable.Continued attention on Egypt’s trial and execution practices is essential so that no one else is subjected to the same injustices. I hope that this report draws attention to the urgency of the situation in Egypt and to those cellmates who said to me while I was walking out of my cell “Ibrahim, please don’t forget us.”Reprieve and partner organisations in Egypt gather information about the use of the death penalty in Egypt from official court documents and reviews of English and Arabic sources, including official government sources from Egypt, newspapers and other media sources from Egypt and around the Arab world, and reporting by Egypt-based human rights monitors. Events taking place after 31 December 2020 were not collected and therefore are not reflected in the data. The methodology by which we gather this information, many of the underlying sources, and our analysis of this information is available athttps://egyptdeathpenaltyindex.com/about/.It is important to note that the UN General Assembly has called on all states that continue to apply the death penalty to:“make available relevant information, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal and information on any scheduled execution, which can contribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates, including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty.”Unfortunately, the vast majority of executing states, including Egypt, have failed to make any such information available.Offences punishable by the death penalty: 104 offences are punishable by death under Egyptian law.ii Set out in the Penal Code,iii Counterterrorism Law,iv Military Judiciary Law,v and Anti-Narcotics Law,vithese crimes include a number of non-violent and non-lethal offences, including a wide and vaguely defined range of terrorism-related offences that expose people to the death penalty for perceived opposition to the current regime.Egypt’s criminal court system: When a defendant is sentenced to death in Egypt, they are first given a preliminary death sentence, and their case is referred to the Grand Mufti.viii The Grand Mufti is Egypt’s highest Islamic religious authority. His religious opinions, issued on various matters, are non-binding but influential. The Grand Mufti issues an opinion on each preliminary death sentence handed down in Egypt, including sentences imposed on non-Muslims. The trial judge then takes the opinion into consideration before confirming or commuting the death sentence.The death sentence can be appealed to the Court of Cassation, Egypt’s highest court.ix Under the current law, the Court of Cassation is no longer required to remit a capital case to a lower court for a retrial or rehearing.x Instead, it has the power to confirm or alter the sentence.xi Once a death sentence is confirmed by the Court of Cassation, it becomes final, pending presidential order of its implementation or pardon.xii A defendant’s lawyer can file a final request for reconsideration with the Prosecutor, who then communicates it to the Court of Cassation.xiiiExecutions are carried out by hanging for civilians,xivincluding those who are tried before military courts, or by firing squad for military personnel.At risk of imminent execution: Someone is at risk of imminent execution when they have exhausted all of their court appeals, and there is no legal barrier to execution. Egypt’s criminal procedure requires people on death row, and their families, to be notified of their execution dates in advance. But the recent practice has been to execute people suddenly and without notifying their families. Especially now, as Egypt is carrying out executions at an unprecedented rate, everyone with a finalised death sentence is considered at imminent risk.Definitions: Political criminal charge Refers to charges where the facts and circumstances are perceived to be connected to the political and societal changes that have arisen in Egypt since the January 2011 revolution. These charges include terrorism, assembly, civilian clashes, storming a government installation, and membership in a terrorist organisation (when that organisation as a whole has committed other crimes). These are often the charges when political demonstrations result in violence between security forces and civilians.Non-Political criminal chargeRefers to charges where the facts and circumstances are not perceived to be connected to the political and societal changes that have arisen in Egypt since the January 2011 revolution.Mass trialThere is no single internationally accepted definition of a mass trial. For the purposes of this report, a mass trial is defined as one in which 15 or more individuals are tried simultaneously. In absentia convictionA conviction of a defendant who was not present at trial, i.e., a conviction handed down in the defendant’s absence.xviAssembly LawxviiA British Colonial-era law that enshrines the concept of collective liability, allowing the state to hold any individual accused of attending an assembly deemed illegal for being unlicensed jointly liable for any criminal act that allegedly arose because of that assembly.xviiiProtest LawxixA law originally passed in 1923 and then replaced by the government of interim President Adly Mansour.xxIt was intended to complement the Assembly Law by prohibiting unlicensed gatherings of ten or more people in “public meetings” without notifying security forces and giving them the opportunity to limit or prohibit the gathering.Child LawxxiA domestic law originally passed in 1996, and amended in 2008, which protects children under the age of 18 from the death sentence and life imprisonment..Egypt remains fifth in global rankings for executions. Between 2018 and the end of 2020, Egypt carried out at least 241 executions. The vast majority of these executions were in 2020,when Egypt executed at least 152 people, the highest number of annual executions on record. At least 26 people are currently at risk of imminent execution.Arrow-rightThere are widespread and well-founded concerns that Egypt’s criminal justice system cannot afford defendants the basic guarantees of due process and fair trial rights. Mass trials continue to proceed despite widespread international condemnation that they are simply unfit to meet the basic requirements of international fair trial protections. There have been at least 53 mass trials since 2011, in which 2,182 people were sentenced to death. Egypt has continued to used mass trials to issue death sentences in the last three years; at least 213 people have been sentenced to death in mass trials since 2018, a quarter of all death sentences in that period. In the same period, 27 people were executed after being convicted in mass trials. Egypt continues to sentence children to death in contravention of both domestic and international law. At least 17 children have received preliminary death sentences since 2011. Civilians are being tried in military courts at an unprecedented rate. There are concerns that proceedings in these courts are even less likely to adhere to international fair trial obligations; between 2017 and 2020, at least 55 people received the death penalty before military courts. Changes in 2017 to the law to truncate the appeals process have now been fully implemented by Egypt’s judiciary; since 2018, at least 202 death sentences have been upheld by Egypt’s highest court, the Court of Cassation. The escalating use of the death pen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/05/ResearchReport_DeathPenaltyInEgypt2021.pdf ) [541] => Array ( [objectID] => 16922 [title] => Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/helpful-hints-and-advice-on-online-harassment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Online advocacy efforts by human rights organizations face increasingly dangerous threats. In this short guide, we elaborate a few helpful hints and advice, as well as list a compilation of resources that organizations can refer to handle online harassment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Online_Harassment_Tool.pdf ) [542] => Array ( [objectID] => 16912 [title] => Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives in Dhivehi [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fair-trial-standards-in-the-maldives-in-dhivehi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => އް ތަ ޑު ނގަ ން މި ގެ ތު ޢަ ރީ ޝަ ރި ވެ ފު ސާ ން އި ގެ ޭޖއް ރާ ހި ވެ ދި2020ސް ވަ ދު ރާ ކު ގަ ހަ ފާ އި ގަ ރު ވަ ން ފެ ގެ ޔޭ ނި ދު ށް ޅަ ކޮ ދެ ބާ ދަ އަ ގެ ރު މ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Maldives_World_Day-Tool_Dhivehi.pdf ) [543] => Array ( [objectID] => 16902 [title] => Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives (World Day Against the Death Penalty 2020) [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fair-trial-standards-in-the-maldives-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty this year is dedicated to the right to effective legal representation for individuals who face death sentences around the world. The theme of access to counsel reinforces the importance of fair trial standards in every legal system and judicial context. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EN_Maldives_World_Day_Tool_Right_to_Representation_Oct-2020.pdf ) [544] => Array ( [objectID] => 16901 [title] => Investigating Attitudes to the Death Penalty in Indonesia in bahasa Indonesia [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-in-bahasa-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pandangan Para Pembentuk Opini tentang Hukuman Mati di Indonesia [texte] => Pada 1971, Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menetapkan tujuan untuk mewujudkan penghapusan hukuman mati secara universal. Selama lima dekade terakhir jumlah negara yang telah menghapus hukuman mati perlahan meningkat. Saat ini, 109 dari 193 negara anggota PBB telah menghapuskan hukuman mati secara hukum (111 di antaranya menghapus sepenuhnya dalam semua keadaan dan 8 untuk semua tindak pidana umum di masa damai); dan 49 negara lainnya dianggap sebagai abolisionis de facto, yang berarti mereka tidak melaksanakan satu pun eksekusi dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Indonesia adalah salah satu dari minoritas negara yang masih mempertahankan hukuman mati sebagai hukuman yang sah, dengan eksekusi terakhir terjadi pada 2016. Hingga Oktober 2020, ada sekitar 355 orang terpidana mati di Indonesia.The Death Penalty Project, Inggris, dalam kemitraan dengan LBH Masyarakat, mengupayakan sebuah penelitian untuk mendalami pandangan para ‘pembentuk opini’ Indonesia tentang hukuman mati. Sentra HAM Universitas Indonesia sangat senang dapat bermitra dalam pekerjaan penting ini dan bekerja sama dengan seseorang yang amat bereputasi seperti Profesor Carolyn Hoyle, Universitas Oxford, untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pandangan orang-orang yang bekerja di berbagai sektor penting, yang melalui pekerjaan mereka membantu membentuk dan memengaruhi opini. Penelitian ini hendak memberikan wawasan tentang pemahaman mereka, dan komitmen mereka untuk retensi atau abolisi. Melalui proses wawancara, kajian ini mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penting tentang asumsi seputar dukungan publik, efek jera, dan pelaksanaan hukuman mati.Laporan ini disarankan dibaca bersama-sama dengan laporan pendampingnya Meneliti Sikap tnetang Hukuman Mati di – Opini Publik: Tidak Ada Halangan untuk Penghapusan, yang mengkaji lebih dalam dari sekadar pertanyaan biner apakah masyarakat umum mendukung hukuman mati atau tidak, dan memastikan informasi tentang tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang sesungguhnya.Secara keseluruhan, rangkaian studi yang komprehensif ini untuk pertama kalinya memberikan analisis terperinci tentang pandangan dan sikap orang Indonesia tentang hukuman mati dan data yang kaya bagi pihak-pihak yang tertarik dan terlibat dalam pokok persoalan ini. Saya sungguh-sungguh berharap bahwa penelitian ini akan membuka dialog lebih lanjut dan lebih berpengetahuan di seluruh Indonesia dan mendorong para pembuat kebijakan dan pemimpin masyarakat lainnya untuk terus membahas penggunaan hukuman mati di Indonesia.Laporan ini membuat terang bahwa di antara narasumber yang diwawancarai, ada keinginan untuk berubah. Setiap negara harus memutuskan sendiri kapan dan bagaimana penghapusan hukuman mati dilakukan. Namun demikian, agar percakapan tentang persoalan ini bermakna dan bermanfaat, percakapan itu harus didasarkan informasi yang baik. Untuk alasan inilah saya senang mendukung setiap pekerjaan yang fokus pada pendidikan dan informasi yang menyediakan Indonesia dan warganya data yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan penting seperti itu.Laporan ini mempertimbangkan temuan dari wawancara dengan 40 ‘pembentuk opini’ di seluruh Indonesia. Mereka adalah orang-orang yang memiliki yurisdiksi atas sebagian proses pidana atau yang dianggap berpengaruh dalam membentuk atau menanggapi opini publik: tiga orang dari LSM terkemuka; empat perwakilan media; enam politisi; enam pengacara atau praktisi peradilan pidana; empat hakim; enam akademisi hukum dalam posisi status tinggi; enam pejabat publik senior dan lima tokoh agama. Kami berupaya menggali pengetahuan mereka tentang penyelenggaraan sistem peradilan pidana, khususnya penerapan hukuman mati, pandangan mereka tentang hukuman mati dan alasan mereka atas pandangan tersebut, serta kecenderungan tanggapan mereka terhadap perubahan dalam kebijakan pidana.Ini adalah laporan pendamping untuk studi kami tentang ‘Opini Publik tentang Hukuman Mati di Indonesia’, dan paling baik dibaca bersama laporan tersebut. Bersama-sama, kedua laporan ini menunjukkan bahwa opini warga negara Indonesia atas hukuman mati tidak menjadi penghalang bagi penghapusan hukuman mati.1Kami menemukan bahwa dua pertiga (67%) dari para pembentuk opini mendukung penghapusan hukuman mati (selanjutnya, abolisionis).Sebagian besar dari mereka melihatnya sebagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia.Sebaliknya, sebagian besar narasumber yang mendukung dipertahankannya hukuman mati (selanjutnya, retensionis) bersikap demikian karena meyakini bahwa hukuman mati dapat mencegah pembunuhan dan perdagangan gelap narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang (selanjutnya, narkoba), namun tidak ingin hukuman mati diperluas cakupannya. Baik para retensionis maupun abolisionis merasa bahwa jika hukuman mati dipertahankan, hal tersebut sebaiknya hanya untuk kejahatan ‘luar biasa’, meskipun yang mereka maksud adalah tindak pidana yang selama ini memang sudah diancam hukuman mati, yakni perdagangan gelap narkoba, pembunuhan dan terorisme. Semua menginginkan agar orang ‘rentan’ dikecualikan dari ancaman hukuman mati, terutama anak-anak, orang tua dan perempuan hamil, serta mereka yang memiliki disabilitas mental dan fisik.Sebagian besar narasumber cukup berpengetahuan mengenai penerapan dan penelitian tentang hukuman mati, tetapi para abolisionis lebih baik pengetahuannya daripada retensionis. Walau demikian, sebagian besar narasumber merasa bahwa pembuat keputusan politik tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai tentang penelitian dan bagaimana hukuman mati digunakan dalam praktiknya. Baik para abolisionis maupun retensionis merasa bahwa pemerintah mempertahankan hukuman mati karena dianggap perlu untukmencegah peredaran narkoba, selain karena mayoritas warga dianggap mendukung retensi.Hampir seluruh responden menyebut bahwa pencegahan adalah tujuan utama hukuman. Walau begitu, semua narasumber lebih yakin dengan ‘pemolisian yang lebih efektif ’ dan pada langkah-langkah sosial (seperti pengurangan kemiskinan) daripada hukuman mati sebagai cara untuk mengurangi kejahatan dengan kekerasan dan tindak pidana narkoba. Ketika ditanya tentang metode pengurangan kejahatan terbaik, hanya dua orang yang menyebutkan hukuman mati untuk tindak pidana narkoba dan tidak ada yang mengatakan bahwa hukuman mati akan efektif dalam mencegah pembunuhan.Meskipun mayoritas responden merasa bahwa pengedar narkoba cenderung tidak menargetkan negara-negara yang menerapkan hukuman mati, sebagian besar tidak merasa bahwa penghapusan hukuman mati di Indonesia akan berakibat pada meningkatnya penggunaan narkoba, peredaran narkoba, atau kematian terkait narkoba.Sebagian besar narasumber rendah kepercayaannya bahwa sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia menyediakan pengaman yang memadai, juga rendah kepercayaannya pada polisi. Setengah dari mereka juga rendah kepercayaannya pada jaksa dan sepertiga juga rendah kepercayaannya pada pengadilan. Para retensionis cenderung berpikir bahwa kesalahan penghukuman jarang terjadi dan lebih memiliki kepercayaan pada jaksa dan pengadilan daripada para abolisionis.Saat diberikan serangkaian kemungkinan reaksi publik terhadap penghapusan hukuman mati, tanggapan yang paling sering disebut adalah ‘mungkin akan ada BEBERAPA yang menyatakan atau mengungkapkan ketidakpuasan menjelang penghapusan, tapi mayoritas publik akan menerimanya setelah undang-undangnya disahkan’. Kebanyakan dari mereka yang mengidentifikasi diri sebagai retensionis menyatakan bahwa meskipun mereka secara pribadi tidak akan mendukung penghapusan, mereka tidak akan menentangnya.Sejak dekade terakhir abad ke-20, yang menjadi kekuatan pendorong bagi gelombang baru penghapusan hukuman mati adalah perkembangan hukum hak asasi manusia internasional. Dengan kemunculannya setelah Perang Dunia Kedua dan kaitannya dengan lahirnya negara-negara yang baru terlepas dari imperialisme dan kolonialisme totaliter, prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia internasional menciptakan iklim dan seperangkat instrumen universal yang mendukung perlindungan warga negara dari kekuasaan negara. Di antara instrumen-instrumen ini, dan yang menjadi kunci dari pembatasan progresif hukuman mati, adalah Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-hak Sipil dan Politik (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – ICCPR) yang membatasi hukuman mati, sebelum abolisi terjadi, hanya untuk kejahatan ‘paling serius’. Indonesia meratifikasi ICCPR pada Februari 2006.Pengaman (Safeguards) yang dibuat untuk Menjamin Perlindungan Hak-hak Mereka yang Menghadapi Hukuman Mati diadopsi oleh Dewan Ekonomi dan Sosial PBB pada 1984, dan telah direvisi, mendefinisikan lingkup ‘kejahatan paling serius’ menjadi tidak lain dari ‘kejahatan yang disengaja dengan konsekuensi mematikan atau lainnya yang sangat berat’. Definisi ‘paling serius’ yang tidak terlalu presisi ini tidak membatasi hukuman mati hanya untuk pembunuhan yang disengaja, dan negara-negara tertentu terus memberlakukan hukuman mati untuk perdagangan gelap narkoba, tindak pidana politik dan agama dan bahkan perilaku seksual yang tidak akan dikriminalisasi di negara lain.Negara-negara yang mempertahankan hukuman mati untuk berbagai tindak pidana yang tidak mematikan menegaskan hak kedaulatan mereka untuk menentukan tindak pidana mana yang menimbulkan kerugian paling serius dalam masyarakat mereka. Bahwa ada beragam interpretasi tentang ‘yang paling serius’, sesuai ketakutan nasional atau kepentingan agama dan politik, menengarai adanya gagasan yang berkebalikan dari sifat universal hak asasi manusia dan menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian internasional tidak dapat mewujudkan potensi penuhnya tanpa adanya kemauan politik. Di Indonesia, kemauan politik tampaknya me [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Pandangan-Para-Pembentuk-Opini-tentang-Hukuman-Mati-di-Indonesia-Bagian-I-Pembentuk-Opini-Keinginan-Akan-Perubahan.pdf ) [545] => Array ( [objectID] => 16897 [title] => Capital Punishment, 2019 – Statistical Tables [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-2019-statistical-tables/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report presents statistics on persons who were under sentence of death or were executed in 2019 [texte] => At year-end 2019, a total of 29 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) held 2,570 prisoners under sentence of death, which was 56 (2%) fewer than at year-end 2018. During 2019, the number of prisoners under sentence of death declined for the 19th consecutive year. California (28%), Florida (13%), and Texas (8%) held about half of the prisoners under sentence of death in the United States on December 31, 2019. Te BOP held 61 prisoners under sentence of death at year-end. Seven states executed a total of 22 prisoners in 2019. Texas executed 9 prisoners, which accounted for 41% of the executions carried out in 2019. Tis report presents statistics on persons who were under sentence of death or were executed in 2019, and on state and federal death penalty laws. At year-end 2019, a total of 32 states and the federal government authorized the death penalty (map 1).Eleven states and the BOP received a total of 31 prisoners under sentence of death in 2019. Twenty-one states and the BOP removed a total of 65 prisoners from under sentence of death by means other than execution. The New Hampshire legislature repealed the death penalty provision of the capital murder statute, but the repeal was prospective, leaving one male prisoner under a previously imposed sentence of death. The New Mexico Supreme Court declared the state capital statute unconstitutional, and the two prisoners under sentence of death were resentenced to life. The largest decline in the number of prisoners under sentence of death in 2019 occurred in California (down 11 prisoners), followed by Pennsylvania (down 8), Texas (down 7), and Tennessee (down 6). During 2019, the number of prisoners held under sentence of death increased in three states: North Carolina (up 3), Ohio (up 2), and South Carolina (up 1). Ninety-eight percent of prisoners under sentence of death were male. Among prisoners under sentence of death at year-end 2019, about 56% were white and 41% were black. Among prisoners under sentence of death at year-end 2019 with a known ethnicity, 15% were Hispanic. As of December 31, 2019, prisoners under sentence of death had been on death row for an average of 18.7 years. Prisoners executed during 2019 had been on death row for an average of 22 years. Terms and defnitions Aggravating factors—Specifc elements of a crime Civil authority—The state or federal entity responsible defned by statute. When present, these factors may for implementation and enforcement of capital allow a jury to impose a death sentence for a person punishment laws, excluding military authorities. convicted of a capital ofense. Sometimes these are also Commutation—Reduction of a death sentence by called aggravating circumstances. the president (federal) or by a governor or a board of Capital conviction—A formal declaration that a advisors empaneled to review sentences (state). Criteria defendant is guilty of a capital ofense, made by the for granting a commutation vary by state. The new verdict of a jury, the decision of a judge, or a guilty plea sentence can be to life or a term of years. by the defendant in a court of law. Death row—A slang term that originally referred to Capital ofense—A criminal ofense punishable by the area of a prison in which prisoners under sentence death. Ofenses that are eligible for a death sentence of death were housed. Usage of the term “death row” are defned by statute in each jurisdiction that continues despite the fact that many states do not authorizes capital punishment. The most common maintain a separate unit or facility for prisoners under is frst-degree murder accompanied by at least one sentence of death. aggravating factor. Received under sentence of death—The admission Capital punishment—The process of sentencing of a person to prison after being sentenced to death by convicted ofenders to death for the most serious a court. crimes and carrying out that sentence. The specifc Removal from under sentence of death—The removal ofenses and circumstances that determine whether of a prisoner who was previously under sentence of a crime is eligible for a death sentence are defned death and is no longer included in the count of persons by statute and are prescribed by Congress or a under sentence of death. A prisoner can be relieved of state legislature. a death sentence by several methods: execution, death Capital statutes—State or federal laws dictating by causes other than execution, commutation, or an specifc crimes that are eligible for a death sentence overturned capital conviction or sentence. and specifc procedures to be followed in carrying out Sentence of death—A sentence imposed by a court for such sentences. a capital ofense which authorizes the state to execute a convicted ofender.Status of the death penalty in 2019 As of December 31, 2019, a total of 32 states and the federal government authorized the death penalty (tables 1, 2, and 3). While the Washington Supreme Court declared the state death penalty statute unconstitutional, as applied, on October 11, 2018 (State v. Gregory, 192 Wash. 2d 1, 427 P.3d 621 (2018)), the Washington state legislature has neither revised nor repealed the statute. During 2019, one state repealed its death penalty statute, one had its statute ruled unconstitutional by the state’s highest court, and fve revised statutes related to the death penalty. In 2019, the New Hampshire legislature repealed the death penalty (HB 455), efective May 30, 2019. Because the repeal was prospective, it did not afect the previously imposed death sentence of one male prisoner. Te New Mexico Supreme Court invalidated the state’s death penalty statute on June 28, 2019. Te court found in Fry v. Lopez (2019-NMSC-013, 447 P.3d 1086) that, by allowing the death penalty for murders committed prior to the enactment date but not for similar murders committed afer the enactment date, imposition of a death sentence conficted with the proportionality provision of the same statute. Te ruling efectively removed the state’s two remaining prisoners from under sentence of death. During 2019, Alabama revised statutory provisions relating to its death penalty. Te legislature added murder of any frst responder operating in an ofcial capacity (Ala. Code § 13A-5-40(a)(21)) to the list of ofenses eligible for the death penalty. It also added two aggravating circumstances: the victim was a law enforcement or correctional ofcer murdered while on duty or for reasons related to their job; and the victim was a frst responder who was operating in an ofcial capacity (Ala. Code § 13A-5-49 (13), (14)). Tese changes became efective October 1, 2019. Arizona amended the list of aggravating circumstances required to make a murder eligible for the death penalty (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)). Te state’s legislature removed elements from the statute: that the defendant knowingly created a grave risk of death to persons other than the murder victim (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(3)); committed the ofense in a cold, calculated manner without pretense of moral or legal justifcation (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(13)); or used a stun gun (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(14)). Te changes resulted in a total of 10 possible aggravating circumstances and became efective on August 27, 2019. Arkansas revised its code of criminal procedure to prohibit disclosure of information or documents related to the execution process and participants (Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-617), efective July 24, 2019. Te Oregon legislature revised several elements of the statute related to the state’s death penalty (SB 1013 (2019)), which became efective September 29, 2019. Oregon revised the defnition of aggravated murder. Te changes allow for the death penalty in only the following circumstances: murder of two or more persons for the purpose of infuencing the public or government through intimidation or coercion; murder committed by an inmate or someone with a prior conviction for aggravated murder; premeditated murder of a child age 13 or younger; and murder of police, correctional, probation, or parole ofcers when the murder was related to their ofcial duties. Te changes also added a new ofense: frst-degree murder, which encompasses elements previously classifed as aggravated murder, which is punishable by life without the possibility of parole. Tennessee revised two statutory provisions related to the death penalty. Te specifed aggravating circumstances were amended to include knowingly selling or distributing fentanyl or other opiates with the intent to commit murder (Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-204(i)(18)). Te state also revised the code of criminal procedure to provide that when a judgment has become fnal in trial court, the conviction and the sentence of death will be automatically reviewed by the Tennessee Supreme Court instead of requiring the defendant to fle a direct appeal from the trial court to the state’s Court of Criminal Appeals (Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-206(a)-(c)). Te changes became efective July 1, 2019. Authorized methods of execution in 2019 sentencing. Five states authorized alternative methods Methods of execution are defned by statute and vary by jurisdiction. In 2019, all 32 states with a death penalty statute authorized lethal injection as a method of execution (table 4). Fifeen states also authorized an alternative method of execution: electrocution (9 states), lethal gas (3), hanging (2), fring squad (3), and nitrogen hypoxia (3). In states that authorized multiple methods of execution, the condemned prisoner usually selected the method. Five states (Arizona, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Utah) stipulated which method must be used depending on the date of either the ofense or if lethal injection was ruled to be unconstitutional: Delaware authorized hanging; Mississippi and Oklahoma authorized electrocution, fring squad, or nitrogen hypoxia; Utah authorized fring squad; and Wyoming authorized lethal gas. Federal prisoners are executed by lethal injection, pursuant to 28 CFR Part 26. Fo [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => https://bjs.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/media/document/cp19st.pdf?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=2809ad1b5d-weekly_update_2017_w41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-2809ad1b5d-344695193 ) [546] => Array ( [objectID] => 16895 [title] => State-Sanctioned Killing of Sexual Minorities: Looking Beyond the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-sanctioned-killing-of-sexual-minorities-looking-beyond-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines the extent to which states sanction the killing of sexual minorities. It looks beyond those countries that impose the death penalty for same-sex intimacy to the far greater number of countries in which state actors commission, condone, endorse and enable such killings. He argues that the state-sanctioned killing of sexual minorities is often perpetrated well beyond the boundaries of the law, and even in countries that do not criminalise such conduct. [texte] => While the number of countries that retain the death penalty as a form of criminal punishment has been decreasingly steadily (Amnesty International, n.d.), a minority of states continue to execute prisoners. Indeed, the end of Donald Trump’s United States presidency was marked by an unprecedented spree of federal executions (Death Penalty Information Center, 2021). Although the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights permits the execution of persons convicted of crimes involving ‘intentional killing’, many abolitionists take the position that the death penalty is wrong under all circumstances.6 When it comes to the execution of individuals for same-sex sexual conduct, the majority of governments that retain the death penalty concur with the abolitionists. International human rights law is also clear that imposing the death penalty for same sex sexual conduct is prohibited: Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death, such as attempted murder, corruption and other economic and political crimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, drug and sexual offences, although serious in nature can never serve as the basis, within the framework of article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty. . . Under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against conduct the very criminalization of which violates the Covenant, including adultery, homosexuality, apostasy, establishing political opposition groups or offending a head of State. (United Nations Human Rights Committee, 2019b:35–36; emphasis added)Of the 84 countries that retain the death penalty (Amnesty International, 2020:53), same-sex sexual acts could be punished by death in only 11 countries (Human Dignity Trust, n.d.; Mendos et al., 2020). In six countries—Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen—consensual same-sex conduct is punishable by death, according to the UN Report of the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (Madrigal-Borloz, 2018: para. 51). The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) confirms with ‘full legal certainty’8 that the death penalty is the prescribed punishment for consensual same-sex sexual acts in these countries. In its latest report, the ILGA goes further, identifying five additional countries—Afghanistan, Pakistan, Qatar, Somalia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—where the death penalty may be imposed, qualifying that there is ‘no full legal certainty’ (Ibid.). The Human Dignity Trust (n.d.) identifies the same 11 countries, but differs from the ILGA’s categorisation: it labels five countries—Iran, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Yemen—as ‘implementing’ the death penalty and argues that the death penalty is a ‘legal possibility’ in six countries—Afghanistan, Brunei, Mauritania, Pakistan, Qatar, and UAE (Ibid.). The two organisations differ in their classification of Brunei, Mauritania, and Somalia. The ILGA focuses on the legal framework, thereby dividing countries that prescribe the death penalty with ‘full legal certainty’ and those that do not meet this threshold. On the other hand, the Human Dignity Trust (n.d.) focuses on the ‘implementation’ of the death penalty, i.e. executions being carried out. Accordingly, the ILGA classifies Brunei and Mauritania as countries that clearly prescribe the death penalty under law, while the Human Dignity Trust classifies both states in the second tier due to the lack of executions in practice. Conversely, the ILGA categorises Somalia in the second tier because its penal code does not prescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual conduct and uncertainty exists around the interpretation of Sharia law, but the Human Dignity Trust views Somalia as an executing state on the basis that of al-Shabaab, a militant group, carrying out ‘executions’ (in this report, we discuss the killing of sexual minorities by militant groups in Part 2). First, we examine how codified laws and Sharia law in these 11 countries prescribe, or have the potential to prescribe, the death penalty as punishment for consensual same-sex sexual acts. In each of these jurisdictions, the scope of the relevant offences is defined as follows: •In Brunei, the punishment for same-sex sexual conduct is death by stoning: ‘for the purpose of this Order, liwat means sexual intercourse between a man and another man or between a man and a woman other than his wife, done against the order of nature that is through the anus’ (Section 82, Syariah Penal Code Order 2013; came into force in April 2019). •Iran has the most extensive framework codifying the criminalisation of sexual minorities, and prescribes the death penalty for livat (penetrative anal intercourse between men), tafkhiz (putting one’s penis between the thighs or buttocks of another man), and musaheqeh (vaginal contact between two women) (see Table 1 for a summary of the relevant legislative provisions in the Penal Code 2013). •In Mauritania, the law states: ‘Any adult Muslim man who commits an indecent act or an act against nature with an individual of his sex will face the penalty of death by public stoning.’ (Act Against Nature, Penal Code 1984, Article 308).10•In Nigeria, twelve states have introduced Sharia Penal Codes (Human Rights Watch, 2004). While the wording of the relevant provisions differs slightly between states, the language typically used to prescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual acts is as follows: ‘Whoever has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman is said to commit the offences of sodomy. Except that whoever is compelled by the use of force or threats or without his consent to commit that act of sodomy upon the person of another shall not be the subject of the act of sodomy nor shall he be deemed to have committed the offence.’ (Sharia Penal Code 2001, State of Gombe). In two of the 12 states, women also face the death penalty for same-sex sexual conduct.•In Saudi Arabia, no codified law exists for same-sex sexual acts. However, the state claims that such acts ought to be punished by death according to Sharia law (Mendos et al., 2020:70). •In Yemen, ‘Homosexuality is the contact of one man to another through his posterior; both sodomites whether males or females are punished by whipping of one hundred strokes if not married. It is admissible to reprimand it by imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, punishment by stoning to death if married.’ (Homosexuality, Penal Code 1994, Article 264)•In Afghanistan,Pakistan,Qatar,Somalia and the UAE,the respective penal codes do not prescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual acts. However, these countries operate dual or hybrid legal systems, meaning that codified law is administered in parallel to Sharia law. Under Sharia law, same-sex sexual acts may be punishable by death if construed by the courts as zina (adultery) (see Mendos et al., 2020).Examining the legislative measures in these jurisdictions makes clear that codified laws in Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, and Yemen ‘unequivocally’ prescribe the death penalty for same-sex conduct (Mendos et al., 2020:31), bearing in mind that in some of these countries the implementation of the death penalty is unlikely (discussed below). Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Qatar, and the UAE operate a hybrid legal system; accordingly, although the death penalty is not prescribed for same-sex sexual acts in codified law, scope remains for the death penalty to be used against sexual minorities in accordance with Sharia law. In Saudi Arabia, there is a complete absence of codified law concerning same-sex sexual conduct. The courts instead apply an iteration of Sharia law which imposes the death penalty for same-sex intimacy (Mendos et al., 2020:31). In sum, a global analysis shows that 11 countries couldprescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual acts. That being said, the application of the death penalty in some countries turns on the gender, age, marital status, religion and sexual position of the ‘offender’ (see Table 2).Gender: States criminalising same-sex sexual acts regularly distinguish between offenders on the basis of gender. Men who have sex with men are criminalised in all instances: in seven countries (Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen) the prescribed punishment for men engaging in same-sex sexual acts is the death penalty. In the remaining four countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, and the UAE marked as ‘unclear’ in Table 2), the lack of clarity comes from the interpretation of zina (adultery). If same-sex sexual conduct can be considered zina because same-sex marriages are not recognised, both genders could theoretically be executed.Women who have sex with women face the death penalty in two countries: Iran and Nigeria. In Iran, a woman will only be executed upon her fourth conviction for such acts, whereas a man may be executed upon his first conviction. We have been unable to identify any instances where women were judicially executed in any of the 11 countries.19 However, women are subjected to harsh punishments for engagement in same-sex intimacy: in Mauritania and Yemen, women may be imprisoned, while in Iran, women may be sentenced to 100 lashes (for the first three convictions).Age: In at least three countries—Brunei, Iran, and Nigeria—minors, defined as persons under 18 years, may be executed. In Iran, the age of criminal responsibility is nine years for girls, and 15 years for boys, and persons having attained those respective ages can be sentenced to death (Islamic Penal Code of Iran, Article 147; Iranian Lesbian & Transgender Network (6Rang) 2015:1). In Brunei, children who have reached puberty are punishable as adults (Syariah Penal Code, Section 13; Child Rights International Network, n.d.). In Nigeria, children hav [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/report/State-Sanctioned_Killing_of_Sexual_Minorities_Looking_Beyond_the_Death_Penalty/14069318 ) [547] => Array ( [objectID] => 16893 [title] => Right Here, Right Now Life Stories from America’s Death Row [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/right-here-right-now-life-stories-from-americas-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Upon receiving his execution date, one of the thousands of men living on death row in the United States had an epiphany: “All there ever is, is this moment. You, me, all of us, right here, right now, this minute, that's love.” Right Here, Right Now collects the powerful, first-person stories of dozens of men on death rows across the country. From childhood experiences living with poverty, hunger, and violence to mental illness and police misconduct to coming to terms with their executions, these men outline their struggle to maintain their connection to society and sustain the humanity that incarceration and its daily insults attempt to extinguish. By offering their hopes, dreams, aspirations, fears, failures, and wounds, the men challenge us to reconsider whether our current justice system offers actual justice or simply perpetuates the social injustices that obscure our shared humanity. [texte] => To the reader, from a man living on death row:fact: Tough guys (like I’m supposed to be) are soft guys too, tenderhearted and caring. We love animals and children very much and cry sometimes when we see images of their suffering. I am not ashamed to say that I like to read Mother Earth News magazine. I especially like the last page of the publica-tion, called “Earth Words.” This page shows beautiful pictures of natural land-scapes accompanied by a poem or some words of wisdom.One issue shows a hippopotamus with a portion of its head, eyes, and snout above the water in the Linyanti River at sunset. The accompanying poem is one of Maya Angelou’s; it reads: “No sun outlasts its sunset, but will rise again and bring the dawn.”I’m praying that you bring the dawn, God willing.What does it mean for each of us to bring the dawn? When I was a kid, we would sometimes go camping all alone. Just before sunset, we’d head of with nothing but a tent, sleeping bags, and ourselves. We’d tell ghost stories, stay up late, and if we got hungry, it was easy enough to hunt up something to eat. Easy because we were “camping” in our backyard.Just before dawn, when the night was its darkest and chilliest, we’d generally abandon the tent for our own warm beds.Many of those who live on death row didn’t have backyards as children,and if they did, those backyards certainly weren’t places to safely sleep. And as for hunting up groceries, good luck with that. Too often, there sim-ply weren’t any. Even when there was food, it was often kept padlocked in a cabinet or refrigerator, since food was limited and the hunger of growing boys was not. Instead of pretending to camp out, one man recalled how he and his brother pretended to be locked up. Pretended to be incarcerated.I think about my own children, how they built tepees and forts and treehouses. How they never once played “prison.” How they didn’t even know what prison was.In 2013, Hidden Voices was invited by a psychologist, the programs director at a prison, to develop a project for a group of residents living on death row. At that time, the death penalty was lawful inthirty-five states, down one from the previous year after Connecticut abolished its death sentence. More than three thousandpeople were incarcerated on America’s Death Row. And that number didn’t even count America’s Junior Death Row: the children we sentenced to life without parole, meaning the children we sentenced to grow up and die in prison.At Hidden Voices, we describe ourselves as “a radically inclusive, par-ticipatory, and co-creative collective committed to creating just, com-passionate, and sustainable relationships.” Building these relationships is the only way to create the just and compassionate world we all wish to inhabit. So I sugested that instead of developing a project for the men, we follow our usual process and develop a project with the men. At Hidden Voices, our core values are simple: All lives have meaning. All stories matter. The programs director agreed. We were in. But little did we imag-ine what we were in for.When we walked into that first meeting in2013, we brought nothing but paper, pencils, and our Hidden Voices process. At the close of our second meeting, we left with a list of intended outcomes, a rich visioning of what we might create to achieve those outcomes, and a list of whom to invite to our table: both to speak and to listen.By unanimous agreement, the most critical intention read like this: “We intend for our stories to break the stereotype of who lives on death row. We want the public to know we are not monsters.” And so we set forth with a destination clearly in mind but absolutely no idea how the journey would unfold.Justice. The project evolved to include a wealth of material: collections of stories, interviews, performances on death row, cycles of monologues, public readings, two interactive exhibits, and the play Count: Stories from America’s Death Row. We worked hands-on with groups of men and one-on-one, laughed and wept together on phone calls, exchanged letters, spoke with family members, and invited others living on death row around the country to share their most intimate stories, words, and prayers. The stories in this collection are drawn from those interactions.The men who played “prison,” and who now live there, generally pre-ferred to share stories of the “good times,” in no small part because thosestories stood in relief against the background chaos: the time they went to an amusement park; the time they got a pair of brand-new shoes; the time they went fishing at the creek and Grandma slipped and lost her wig in the water. Heck, who doesn’t enjoy a good laugh? But we also in-vited them to share the other stories, the ones that required more efort. Those stories—of meals that consisted solely of ketchup crackers, of a par-ent waking the children in the middle of the night and forcing them to choose which one would receive that night’s beating, of learning to tie their shoes and smoke weed at the same age—those were shared more slowly and at greater cost. Often they were introduced with the halting words, “I’ve never told anyone this before.”More than once, the speaker wept.In those moments, the other guys sat quietly. Patiently. There was no attempt to console, no attempt to stem the rising waters, no patting someone’s back. This was prison, after all. The men ofered something far more powerful and healing: the profound respect of allowing another person the space to feel what they were feeling, without any need to have that other person stop feeling so that the rest of us might feel better. In that windowless place, there was so much unspoken, of tenderness and grief. Of shared, unshed tears for the children they once were, for the men they had become."One prisoner commented that he never realized the traumatic things that happened in his life were tragic until he became an adult. “It was just stuf that happened, understand?”Well, sure. Who notices the water in which we swim, the air we breathe? We don’t question the beliefs that drive us, because we don’t recognize them as beliefs. We just see them as “what is.” You can’t question what 4Introductionyou don’t see. As children, those men were just trying to keep their heads above water."No other society has imprisoned as many of its own as we do here in the United States. What we hide in the dark obscurity of prisons and jails are real people, shredded by mental illness, violence, abuse, and poverty. As one young man told me, “Poverty and prison go together like Kool-Aid and sugar. Without sugar, you got no Kool-Aid. Without poverty, you got no prison.”Scholars from around the world have referred to our current state of incarceration as “American apartheid.” In her February 6, 2009, Children’s Defense Fund Child Watch column, Marian Wright Edelman writes, “Incarceration is becoming the new American apartheid and poor children of color are the fodder....Child poverty and neglect, racial disparities in systems that serve children, and the pipeline to prison are not acts of God. They are America’s immoral political and economic choices that can and must be changed.”Perhaps we would benefit from our own Truth and Reconciliation process. Who need to tell the truth? Who need to listen? Surely we all do. We need to tell the truth about who it is we incarcerate. We need to tell the truth about why we think it’s OK. Too often, what we accept as truth is simply some form of It must be because it is. Stay within that circu-lar world, and those statements hold up. You can’t see the river till you climb onto the banks. But clamber up, and suddenly the river is defined. It stands out against a larger landscape of possibility.After a public reading of these monologues, an audience member said, “I always assumed those men must belong on death row because that’s where they were.” Simple, isn’t it? We can’t see what we don’t know. The muddy waters of those other lived realities are opaque to us.In one of our prison sessions, a resident stated bluntly that childhood was overrated; he didn’t remember “anything positive under all that dirt.” Another man gently insisted they shouldn’t blame childhood cir-cumstances for their choices. As young teens they had chosen to start selling drugs. No one had forced them. But is that true?The notion of “choice” has such allure. It is seductive to imagine we are in control of our destinies. But when I asked my children how they might have gone about buying and selling drugs in middle school, they just laughed. The best they could come up with was a girl rumored to have smoked a joint.My children wouldn’t have “chosen” to sell drugs because(1) we didn’t need the money and(2) they’d have had no idea where or how to begin. At thirteen, my children were surrounded by ice skates, baseball prac-tice, and violins. The young man who made the comment about “choice” was surrounded by guns, drugs, and an immediate need for rent money. Are we seriously trying to convince ourselves that this boy had the same choices as my kids? That we have acted responsibly by sentencing children like him to execution or to life in prison without parole, mean-ing to grow up and die there?The men were shocked to hear me say this. But my goodness, just look around. Who benefits from the conjoined notion of choice and personal responsibility? Obviously, it’s those with the most benefits. The story we tell ourselves is we are personally responsible, because of the choices we made, for our abundant benef [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-1-4780-1411-9_601.pdf ) [548] => Array ( [objectID] => 16891 [title] => The Phantom [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-phantom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => THE PHANTOM tells the story of one of the darkest episodes in the long history of American justice. A story of how the State of Texas knowingly sent an innocent man to his death and left a serial killer at large. A case in which - for the first time - it can be conclusively proven that the US courts executed a blameless man. This film uncovers the shocking truth behind a tale of murder, corruption and lies that unfolded in the dusty, desperate streets of a Texas oil town nearly thirty years ago. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPzF3ZjQg40 ) [549] => Array ( [objectID] => 16820 [title] => Violations of the Right to Life in the Context of Drug Policies [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-arbitrary-detention/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International and co-signatories congratulate Mr Tidball-Binz on his appointment as Special Rapporteur on summary executions. With this statement, we highlight key violations of the right to life enabled by repressive drug policies or reported in the context of drug law enforcement; and encourage this Rapporteur to pay specific attention to the impact of […] [texte] => Harm Reduction International and co-signatories congratulate Mr Tidball-Binz on his appointment as Special Rapporteur on summary executions. With this statement, we highlight key violations of the right to life enabled by repressive drug policies or reported in the context of drug law enforcement; and encourage this Rapporteur to pay specific attention to the impact of drug control on the right to life in future activities. (more…) "Violations of the Right to Life in the Context of Drug Policies" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [550] => Array ( [objectID] => 16872 [title] => PRESS RELEASE – Indignation after 30 death sentences in Kinshasa [timestamp] => 1628035200 [date] => 04/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/drc-may-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Kinshasa, Paris, May 27, 2021 Our organizations denounce the recent death sentences handed down by the High Court of Gombe, in the center of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, following violence against the forces of order. [texte] => Kinshasa, Paris, May 27, 2021 Our organizations denounce the recent death sentences handed down by the High Court of Gombe, in the center of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, following violence against the forces of order. (more…) "PRESS RELEASE – Indignation after 30 death sentences in Kinshasa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [551] => Array ( [objectID] => 16848 [title] => Women sentenced to death: An invisible reality [timestamp] => 1628035200 [date] => 04/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-women/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and supporting member organizations welcome the annual full-day meeting to discuss the human rights of women under resolution 6/30. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and supporting member organizations welcome the annual full-day meeting to discuss the human rights of women under resolution 6/30. (more…) "Women sentenced to death: An invisible reality" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [552] => Array ( [objectID] => 16808 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty in the Central African Republic [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-car/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Together Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT) and Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in the Central African Republic (ACAT CAR) welcome this interactive dialogue and wish to draw the attention of the Independent Expert on the application of the death penalty […] [texte] => Together Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT) and Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in the Central African Republic (ACAT CAR) welcome this interactive dialogue and wish to draw the attention of the Independent Expert on the application of the death penalty in Central African Republic. (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty in the Central African Republic" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [553] => Array ( [objectID] => 16799 [title] => Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Lebanon [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-lebanon/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => We welcome Lebanon’s position in accepting some of the recommendations on strengthening the justice sector and improving strengthening the justice sector and those aimed at improving the conditions of detention, including the fight against acts of torture and ill-treatment. [texte] => We welcome Lebanon's position in accepting some of the recommendations on strengthening the justice sector and improving strengthening the justice sector and those aimed at improving the conditions of detention, including the fight against acts of torture and ill-treatment. (more…) "Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Lebanon" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [554] => Array ( [objectID] => 16774 [title] => Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Mauritania [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-mauritania/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Together against the death penalty, the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcome the adoption of the report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of Mauritania by the Human Rights Council. [texte] => Together against the death penalty, the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcome the adoption of the report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of Mauritania by the Human Rights Council. (more…) "Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Mauritania" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [555] => Array ( [objectID] => 16752 [title] => Sierra Leone abolishes the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sierra-leone-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sierra-leone-flag-500x250.gif [extrait] => On Friday 23rd July 2021, Sierra Leone’s Parliament unanimously abolished the death penalty by passing the Abolition of the Death Penalty Act. [texte] => On Friday 23rd July 2021, Sierra Leone’s Parliament unanimously abolished the death penalty by passing the Abolition of the Death Penalty Act. (more…) "Sierra Leone abolishes the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [556] => Array ( [objectID] => 18409 [title] => Life After Sentence of Death: What Becomes of Individuals Under Sentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation is Repealed or Invalidated [timestamp] => 1627171200 [date] => 25/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/life-after-sentence-of-death-is-repealed-or-invalidated/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 2500 individuals are now under sentence of death in the United States. At the same time, multiple indicators—public opinion polls, legislative repeal and judicial invalidation of deathpenalty laws, the reduction in new death sentences, and infrequency of executions—suggest that support for capital punishment has significantly eroded. As jurisdictions abandon or consider eliminating the death-penalty, the fate of prisoners on death row—whether their death sentences, valid when imposed, should be carried out or whether these individuals should instead be spared execution—looms as contentious political and legal issues, fraught with complex philosophical, penological, and constitutional questions. This article presents a detailed account of what has happened historically to persons awaiting execution, principally within the United States but also internationally, at the time capital-punishment legislation is repealed or invalidated (either completely, or with respect to a narrow category of crimes or persons). Our analysis has uncovered no instances of executions being carried out under those circumstances. This finding has important policy implications and is directly relevant to the Supreme Court’s Eighth Amendment jurisprudence, which relies on execution practices as one measure to help inform the Court about whether the death penalty is a cruel and unusual punishment. [texte] => Akron Law ReviewAkron Law ReviewVolume 54Issue 2Criminal Justice Reform Issue Article 32021Life After Sentence of Death: What Becomes of Individuals UnderLife After Sentence of Death: What Becomes of Individuals UnderSentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation isSentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation isRepealed or InvalidatedRepealed or InvalidatedJames R. AckerBrian W. StullFollow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreviewPart of the Criminal Law CommonsPlease take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback willbe important as we plan further development of our repository.Recommended CitationRecommended CitationAcker, James R. and Stull, Brian W. (2021) "Life After Sentence of Death: What Becomes ofIndividuals Under Sentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation is Repealed orInvalidated,"Akron Law Review: Vol. 54 : Iss. 2 , Article 3.Available at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol54/iss2/3This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Akron Law Journals atIdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA.It has been accepted for inclusion in Akron Law Review by an authorized administrator ofIdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact mjon@uakron.edu,uapress@uakron.edu.267LIFE A FTER SENTENCE OF D EATH:WHAT BECOMES OF INDIVIDUALS U NDER SENTENCE OFD EATH A FTER C APITAL P UNISHMENT LEGISLATION ISR EPEALED OR INVALIDATEDJames R. Acker*Brian W. Stull**I. Introduction ........................................................... 268II. Historical Practices in the United States .................. 276A. American Jurisdictions Which Have Repealed orJudicially Invalidated their Death-Penalty Laws 276B. Execution Practices in Jurisdictions FollowingLegislative Repeal or Judicial Invalidation ofDeath-Penalty Statutes ..................................... 2781. Alaska ........................................................ 2782. Arizona....................................................... 2793. Colorado..................................................... 2824. Connecticut................................................. 2845. Delaware .................................................... 2866. District of Columbia.................................... 2877. Hawaii........................................................ 2878. Illinois ........................................................ 2889. Iowa ........................................................... 29010. Kansas........................................................ 29111. Maine ......................................................... 29312. Maryland .................................................... 29413. Massachusetts............................................. 29514. Michigan .................................................... 29615. Minnesota................................................... 29716. Missouri ..................................................... 29817. New Hampshire .......................................... 29919. New Mexico ............................................... 302* Emeritus Distinguished Teaching Professor, School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany.** Senior Staff Attorney, American Civil Liberties Union, Capital Punishment Project.1Acker and Stull: Life After Sentence of DeathPublished by IdeaExchange@UAkron, 2021268 AKRON LAW R EVIEW [54:26720. New York................................................... 30321. North Dakota .............................................. 30522. Oregon ....................................................... 30623. Rhode Island............................................... 31024. South Dakota .............................................. 31125. Tennessee................................................... 31226. Vermont ..................................................... 31327. Virginia ...................................................... 31528. Washington................................................. 31629. West Virginia ............................................. 31730. Wisconsin ................................................... 318III. International Practice: Abolition and Post-AbolitionExecutions ............................................................. 319A. Canada ............................................................ 320B. The United Kingdom........................................ 320C. Europe and Other Countries Worldwide............ 322IV. Juveniles and the Death Penalty.............................. 325V. Conclusion............................................................. 327I. I NT RODUCT IONWhat should become of individuals who are awaiting executionfollowing the repeal or judicial invalidation of capital punishmentlegislation? Having lawfully been sentenced to death, should theirexecutions go forward? Or since death is no longer an authorizedpunishment in their jurisdiction, should their capital sentences beinvalidated and replaced by life imprisonment? In states debating theabolition of capital punishment, and in states that have taken that step, thefate of individuals who have previously been sentenced to death loomslarge, complicating repeal initiatives and raising urgent questions in theaftermath of abolition. The ethically, politically, and legally fraught issueof whether offenders previously sentenced to death should or can beexecuted following a jurisdiction’s elimination of capital punishment hasrepeatedly surfaced and inevitably must be confronted by the legislatures,governors, and occasionally the courts, in states that have considered andrecently carried out the abolition of capital punishment.2Akron Law Review, Vol. 54 [2021], Iss. 2, Art. 3https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol54/iss2/3 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2525&context=akronlawreview ) [557] => Array ( [objectID] => 18593 [title] => Uganda – Universal Periodic Review – Death Penalty – July 2021 [timestamp] => 1626825600 [date] => 21/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uganda-universal-periodic-review-death-penalty-july-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Uganda's compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses the current state of the death penalty in Uganda, including (1) the broad scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; (2) the lack of effective access to counsel in capital cases; (3) the occurrence of extrajudicial killings.This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key steps to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda's international human rights obligations. These steps include the following: establishing an official, de jure moratorium on the death penalty; reducing the number and scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; reducing the maximum possible sentence from death to one that is fair, proportionate and in compliance with international human rights standards; and other measures [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgUGANDAStakeholder Report on the Death Penalty for the United Nations Universal Periodic ReviewSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative statusFoundation for Human Rights InitiativeandThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 40th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic ReviewJan–Feb 2022Submitted 15 July 2021Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. The Advocates is the primary provider of legal services to low-income asylum seekers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on postconviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental, nonpartisan and not-for-profit human rights advocacy organisation, registered in Uganda under the Non-Governmental Organizations Act, 2016. FHRI Vision is a society based on a human rights and civic culture as a foundation for peace, stability, democracy, social justice and sustainable development. FHRI’s Mission is to promote respect and observance of human rights practices and civic values, enhance best practices through training, education, research, advocacy, ICTs, and strategic partnership. The organisation has Observer Status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, is a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (Paris) and is affiliated to the International Federation of Human Rights Defenders, (FIDH) in Paris, France. It is a membership organisation with a total of 1,515 members. FHRI commands a 29-year experience and expertise in human rights activism in Uganda. FHRI has been at the forefront in monitoring and documenting human rights violations, publication of periodic human rights 2reports, legal aid service provision to victims of human rights abuse; reporting before regional human rights treaty bodies, the judiciary, parliament, police and prisons; actively campaigns for the abolition of the death penalty including carrying out programmes that promote citizen participation and state accountability. Currently, it is spearheading five campaigns namely; My Rights, My Power, Access to Justice, Rights and Rule of Law, Freedom from Pre-trial detention and the Campaign against the death penalty in Uganda. FHRI is located at the Human Rights House, Plot 1853, John Kiyingi Road, Nsambya, Kampala Uganda.3I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Uganda’s compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses the current state of the death penalty in Uganda, including (1) the broad scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; (2) the lack of effective access to counsel in capital cases; (3) the occurrence of extrajudicial killings. 2. This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key steps to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda’s international human rights obligations. These steps include the following: establishing an official, de jure moratorium on the death penalty; reducing the number and scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; reducingthe maximum possible sentence from death to one that is fair, proportionate and in compliance with international human rights standards; and other measures.II. BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORKA. 2016 Universal Periodic Review of Uganda3. During the 2016 Universal Period Review, Uganda received 18 recommendations related to the death penalty, 16 recommendations related to torture, 1 recommendation related to detention conditions, 4 recommendations related to the administration of justice, 14 recommendations related to freedom of expression and opinion and human rights defenders, and 2 recommendations related to the excessive use of force by police.1. Moratorium on the death penalty, abolition of the death penaltyStatus of Implementation: Not accepted, not implemented.4. Uganda received 7 recommendations to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,1and 11 recommendations to consider imposing a formal moratorium on the death penalty or to abolish it entirely. 2 Uganda did not accept these recommendations and it has not implemented them.2. TortureStatus of Implementation: Partially Accepted, Not implemented.5. Uganda received 10 recommendations to sign or ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 34 recommendations to implement the Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act,4and 2 recommendations to investigate all allegations of torture to hold perpetrators accountable.5 Uganda accepted the recommendations to implement the Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act and to investigate all allegations of torture, and is considering whether to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture.43. Detention ConditionsStatus of Implementation: Accepted, not implemented6. Uganda received 1 recommendation to separate juveniles from adults in detention and rehabilitation centers.6 Uganda has accepted this recommendation but has not implemented it.4. Administration of JusticeStatus of Implementation: Not accepted, not implemented.7. Uganda received one recommendation to cease harassment and arbitrary detention of political opposition leaders and supporters and ensure peaceful political dissent and discourse,7two recommendations to ensure the separation of powers, the independence and funding of judiciary;8and one recommendation to strengthen the juvenile justice system.9 Uganda did not accept the first recommendation but accepted the other three. Uganda has not implemented these recommendations.4. Freedom of Expression and Opinion/Human Rights DefendersStatus of Implementation: Partially accepted, not implemented.8. Uganda received three recommendations to review the Public Order Management Act and the Non-Governmental Organizations Act to ensure the right of freedom of association;10two recommendations to ensure freedom of assembly and freedom of expression;11 fourrecommendations to consult a broad range of civil society actors and recognize and protect the work of human rights defenders;12 and five recommendations to investigate and punish threats against human rights defenders and civil society organizations.13 Uganda noted the recommendations related to the Public Order Management Act but accepted the otherrecommendations. Uganda has not implemented these recommendations.5. Excessive Use of Force by PoliceStatus of Implementation: Accepted, partially implemented.9. Uganda received one recommendation to enact laws on legal aid and transitional justice14and one recommendation to investigate excessive use of force cases fully.15 Uganda accepted these recommendations but has not made significant progress in implementing them, despite occasional directives issued by the Inspector General of Police urging officers to adhere to accepted policing standards.B. Domestic Legal Framework10. Uganda’s domestic legal framework has remained largely unchanged since the previous UPR in 2016. The Constitution of Uganda was adopted in 1995 and it is the supreme law of the land. Acts of Parliament, regulations made by executive authorities, case law (some from English Common Law, some as developed by Ugandan courts), international treaties and conventions, and customary law also contain applicable law. Uganda is a common law country. The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal. The Court of Appeal of Uganda 5is the second highest court, and it can also sit as the Constitutional Court, determining all questions relating to the interpretation of the Constitution.11. Uganda’s Constitution articulates a qualified right to life, providing that “[n]o person shall be deprived of life intentionally except in execution of a sentence passed in a fair trial by a court of competent jurisdiction in respect of a criminal offense under the laws of Uganda and the conviction and sentence have been confirmed by the highest appellate court.”1612. The following crimes are eligible for the death penalty under the Penal Code: crimes related to treason and offenses against the state17; rape18; aggravated defilement19; murder20;aggravated robbery21; smuggling while armed with a deadly weapon22; detention with sexual intent23; and kidnapping or detaining with intent to murder.24 There are also [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Uganda-UPR-Death-Penalty-Final.pdf ) [558] => Array ( [objectID] => 18603 [title] => Zimbabwe – Universal Periodic Review – Death Penalty – July 2021 [timestamp] => 1626307200 [date] => 15/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/zimbabwe-universal-periodic-review-death-penalty-july-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Zimbabwe's compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to its use of the death penalty. The United Nations considers Zimbabwe a de facto abolitionist country. It has not carried out any executions since 2005. Courts, however, continue to sentence individuals to death, with 88 people currently on death row as of December 2020, after 8 sentences were commuted in April 2020. The new Zimbabwean Constitution (the "2013 Constitution") has replaced the mandatory death penalty with a discretionary sentence for the crime of murder committed under aggravating circumstances. The 2013 Constitution further outlaws the imposition of the death penalty on women, men over the age of 70, and men under the age of 21 at the time the offence was committed. In its 2016 Universal Periodic Review, Zimbabwe noted all recommendations related to the death penalty, partly on the ground that Zimbabwean public opinion did not support abolition of death penalty. Since 2016, developments demonstrate a more positive attitude among the public and opinion leaders toward further reform and the abolition of death penalty.This report focuses on various issues concerning the death penalty and related international human rights instruments, and on conditions of detention and acts of torture and ill treatment of people in detention. Specifically, this report recommends that Zimbabwe abolish the death penalty, improve detention conditions, ratify relevant human rights treaties, and increase resources dedicated to improving the justice system. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgZimbabweStakeholder Report for the United Nations Universal Periodic ReviewSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative statusThe World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyEleos Justice, Monash UniversityandCapital Punishment Justice Projectfor the 40th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic ReviewJan-Feb 2022Submitted 15 July 2021Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs topromote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. The Advocates is the primary provider of legal services to low-income asylum seekers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on postconviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.In 2018, Monash University joined forces with an Australian NGO, the Capital Punishment Justice Project, with a shared ambition to end the death penalty in Asia. Together, they formed Eleos Justice. Over the coming five years, Eleos Justice hopes to see a significant shift in the debate about the death penalty, and capital punishment policy. Our long-term vision is to become the region’s leading institute for evidence-based research, policy, network-building, and clinical casework devoted to restricting and abolishing the death penalty. Eleos Justice is based at the Faculty of Law, Monash University (Australia).2The Capital Punishment Justice Project (formerly Reprieve Australia) has been advocating for a world without the death penalty since 2001. It strives to be practical and effective by drawing upon networks of lawyers and experts in related disciplines to support local advocates who are working for change. Its projects began in the USA where it continues to assist lawyers in capital proceedings. In 2012, the scope of its work expanded to Asia in recognition of the persistence of the death penalty in that region. It is now an experienced participant in litigation, advocacy and professional development within Asia. It is committed to developing legal and policy solutions that will make a difference for people at risk of execution and create the conditions for abolition.3I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Zimbabwe’s compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to its use of the death penalty. The United Nations considers Zimbabwe a de factoabolitionist country. It has not carried out any executions since 2005.1 Courts, however, continue to sentence individuals to death, with 88 people currently on death row as of December 2020,2 after 8 sentences were commuted in April 2020.3 The new ZimbabweanConstitution (the “2013 Constitution”) has replaced the mandatory death penalty with a discretionary sentence for the crime of murder committed under aggravating circumstances. The 2013 Constitution further outlaws the imposition of the death penalty on women, men over the age of 70, and men under the age of 21 at the time the offence was committed.4In its 2016 Universal Periodic Review, Zimbabwe noted all recommendations related to the death penalty, partly on the ground that Zimbabwean public opinion did not support abolition of death penalty.5 Since 2016, developments demonstrate a more positive attitude among the public and opinion leaders toward further reform and the abolition of death penalty.62. This report focuses on various issues concerning the death penalty and related international human rights instruments, and on conditions of detention and acts of torture and ill treatment of people in detention. Specifically, this report recommends that Zimbabwe abolish the death penalty, improve detention conditions, ratify relevant human rights treaties, and increase resources dedicated to improving the justice system. II. BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORKA. 2016 Universal Periodic Review of Zimbabwe3. During its second-cycle Universal Periodic Review, Zimbabwe received 13recommendations related to the death penalty, 34 related to torture, 2 related to prison conditions, and 2 related to the administration of justice. In response, Zimbabwe supported only recommendations pertaining to prison conditions, administration of justice and torture.1. Abolition of the death penaltyStatus of Implementation: Not Accepted, Not Implemented4. Zimbabwe received eight recommendations to ratify or accede to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.7 Sevenrecommendations invited Zimbabwe to establish a formal moratorium on death penalty and abolish death penalty in domestic law.8 Zimbabwe noted these recommendations and stated that the recommendations are currently receiving attention by the Government.9 Zimbabwestill has a discretionary death sentence in place. However, as discussed in detail below, recent political developments include a motion in Parliament on the abolition of the death penalty and a call for moratorium on executions for all individuals currently on death row.102. Improvement of prison conditionsStatus of Implementation: Accepted, Not Implemented45. Zimbabwe received two recommendations relating to the improvement of detention conditions in prisons and police holding cells.11 Zimbabwe supported these recommendations.12 While prison conditions continue to be harsh, Zimbabwe has recently issued several amnesty orders to decongest overcrowded cells in the wake of the COVID19 pandemic.133. Prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatmentStatus of Implementation: Partially Accepted, Not Implemented6. Zimbabwe received 33 recommendations relating to torture and the ratification of the Convention against Torture and its Optional Protocol, to which Zimbabwe is not a party.14Zimbabwe noted these recommendations.7. Zimbabwe accepted a recommendation to accelerate the process of reviewing and aligning its domestic laws with the Constitution, particularly those provisions pertaining to the prohibition of torture.15 Despite this commitment, Zimbabwe has not undertaken any significant developments in reviewing domestic legislation pertaining to the prohibition of torture.4. Administration of justice & fair trialStatus of Implementation: Accepted, Not Implemented8. Zimbabwe received two recommendations relating to the implementation of measures to strengthen the system of justice administration in order to ensure equal access and due process and to fight impunity.16 These recommendations also asked Zimbabwe to ensure that all individuals who have been detained and charged with an offence are given a fair and impartial trial.17 Zimbabwe supported these recommendations, however, Zimbabwe has not implemented any changes in this regard.B. Domestic Legal Framework9. The death penalty remains legal in Zimbabwe, although its leaders, including the current President Mnangagwa, have repeatedly expressed their intention to abolish the death penalty.1810. The 2013 Constitution abolished the mandatory death penalty yet retained a discretionarydeath penalty with limited scope. Section 48 of the 2013 Constitution permits the imposition of the death penalty for the crime of murder committed under aggravating circumstances.19 The Constitution grants courts discretion on whether to impose the death penalty, even in the presence of aggravating circumstances.20 The definition of aggravated circumstances is broad, ranging from insurgency, torture, and terrorism, to rape or sexual assault, robbery, and murder in a public place.21 The Defense Act authorizes Zimbabwean martial courts to impose death penalty for certain military offences.2211. The 2013 Constitution also narrowed the scope of people who can be executed. The death penalty cannot be imposed on (i) women, (ii) men over the age of 70, or (iii) men under the age of 21 at the time the offence was committed.23512. The right to appeal both conviction and sentence is automatic in cases in which the death penalty is imposed.24 In addition, all men sentenced to death have the constitutional right to seek a presidential pardon or commutation of the penalty.25III. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONSRight or area 2.1. Acceptance of international norms13. Zimbabwe ratified the ICCPR on 13 May 1991.26 It accepted recommendations to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR during its first Universal Periodic Review.27To date, however, Zimbabwe has not ratified OP2-ICCPR,28 and it noted similar recommendations in the second UPR cycle.29 14. In December 2018, Zimbabwe voted against the biennial resolution of the UN General Assembly calling for [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Zimbabwe-UPR-death-penalty-Final.pdf ) [559] => Array ( [objectID] => 16667 [title] => Detailed Factsheet: Women and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1625097600 [date] => 01/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-women-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and other abolitionist organizations worldwide will celebrate the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year, the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, exonerated, or pardoned. This detailed factsheet will use the phrase “women sentenced to death” as an inclusive phrase for all of these categories. As women represent a small percentage of those on death row globally, very little has been reported about these women. Yet we can learn much by analyzing their crimes, their lives prior to the crimes, and the conditions under which they are detained on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EN_Detailed-Factsheet_WD2021_v1-2.pdf ) [560] => Array ( [objectID] => 16648 [title] => TESTIMONIALS FROM WOMEN SENTENCED TO DEATH [timestamp] => 1625097600 [date] => 01/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/testimonials-from-women-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Collection of testimonials of women's experiences around the world regarding their death sentences- World Day 2021 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Testimonies2021_v1.0_EN.pdf ) [561] => Array ( [objectID] => 16630 [title] => PRIMER ON TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS FACING THE DEATH PENALTY [timestamp] => 1625011200 [date] => 30/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/primer-on-transgender-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and other abolitionist organizations worldwide will celebrate the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, have been exonerated or pardoned. Included in this theme, are trans women and other gender diverse individuals, who are a minority on death row but who are discriminated against on the basis of gender. Capital punishment disproportionately targets socially marginalized individuals; it is no different for transgender people, who may face discrimination in every aspect of their lives. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Trans-Rights-and-Death-Penalty-Factsheet_V1.0.pdf ) [562] => Array ( [objectID] => 16595 [title] => FACTS AND FIGURES 2020/2021 [timestamp] => 1625011200 [date] => 30/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2020-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2020/2021 Facts & Figures Sheet for the World Day Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/FactsFigures2021_EN_v1.0.pdf ) [563] => Array ( [objectID] => 21510 [title] => Investigating Attitudes to the Death Penalty in Indonesia, Part Two – Public Opinion: No Barrier to Abolition [timestamp] => 1624838400 [date] => 28/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-part-two-public-opinion-no-barrier-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2019-20, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with LBH Masyarakat and the University of Indonesia, commissioned Professor Carolyn Hoyle, of The Death Penalty Research Unit at the University of Oxford to conduct research investigating attitudes towards the death penalty in Indonesia. The findings have been presented in a two-part report; the first details the findings of a nuanced public survey and the second details the findings of interviews conducted with opinion formers. The public opinion research was undertaken by surveying a stratified random sample of 1,515 respondents – a sample large enough to make inferences from the data about the views of the overall population. [texte] => Over the past few decades, the movement towards abolition and progressive restriction of the deathpenalty has sought to persuade countries around the world that, while they may enjoy the sovereignright to administer punishments of their choosing, the death penalty violates universally accepted humanrights, especially for those offences not widely considered to be the most serious.1 However, in many Asiancountries, international human rights discourse and treaties aimed at abolition may have limited efficacy,and be stigmatised as a form of cultural imperialism. Governments in this region assert that criminaljustice and penal policies must be determined by their unique political, social and cultural circumstances.While in some regions of the world, not least the Middle East and South Asia, the threat of terrorismhas justified retention of capital punishment, in South East Asia, retentionists find rationalisation in theharms caused by drug trafficking. During 2019, there were at least 118 executions and 184 new deathsentences for drug-related offences in Asia and the Middle East.2The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Article 6(2) allows for ‘limitedretention’ of the death penalty for only the ‘most serious’ crimes. While the UN Economic and SocialCouncil has defined the scope of ‘most serious crimes’ to nothing ‘beyond intentional crimes with lethalor other extremely grave consequences’, in Asia, this concept has been interpreted differently according tonational ethos, customs and political imperatives.3 In South East Asia, drug trafficking is considered to beone of the most serious offences. A decision by Indonesia’s Constitutional Court in 2007 acknowledgesthat the ICCPR, which Indonesia ratified in 2005, allows states to retain the death penalty only for the‘most serious’ crimes, but found that particularly serious drugs crimes were able to satisfy this test. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-part-two/ ) [564] => Array ( [objectID] => 16899 [title] => Investigating Attitudes to the Death Penalty in Indonesia Part One – Opinion Formers: An Appetite for Change [timestamp] => 1624838400 [date] => 28/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2019-20, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with LBH Masyarakat and the University of Indonesia, commissioned Professor Carolyn Hoyle, of The Death Penalty Research Unit at the University of Oxford to conduct research investigating attitudes towards the death penalty in Indonesia. The findings have been presented in a two-part report; the first details the findings of a nuanced public survey and the second details the findings of interviews conducted with opinion formers. [texte] => Since the closing decade of the twentieth century, the driving force for the new wave of abolition of the death penalty has been the development of international human rights law. Arising in the aftermath of the Second World War, and linked to the emergence of countries from totalitarian imperialism and colonialism, international human rights principles created a climate and a set of universal instruments advocating the protection of citizens from the power of the state. Among these instruments, and key to the progressive restriction of the death penalty, has been the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which restricts the death penalty, pending abolition, to only the ‘most serious’ crimes. Indonesia ratified the ICCPR in February 2006.The Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty, adopted by the UN Economic and Social Council in 1984, and revised since, defined the scope of ‘most serious crimes’ to nothing ‘beyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely grave consequences’. This rather imprecise definition of ‘most serious’ has not restricted capital punishment to only intentional murder, and certain states continue to impose the death penalty for drug trafficking, political and religious offences, and even sexual behaviours that, elsewhere, would not be criminalised.Those countries that retain the death penalty for a range of non-lethal offences assert their sovereign right to determine which offences cause most serious harms within their communities. That there are such varied interpretations of ‘most serious’, according to national fears or religious and political imperatives, suggests the converse of a universal notion of human rights and indicates that treaties cannot realise their full potential without political will. In Indonesia, political will would appear to be against abolition of the death penalty while the public is thought to demand it, and while drug offences remain a key concern within the criminal justice system. However, differences in criminal justice and penal policies across South East Asia suggest that the death penalty is not an inevitable response to the drugs ‘problem’.In Indonesia, as elsewhere, drugs can cause considerable harm to those who use them and who distribute illicit substances – not least, health problems, crime and poverty. Indonesia has responded primarily through criminal justice policy, with the enactment in 1997 of most of its harsh contemporary drug laws, further amended in 2009.2 Indeed, most funding has been directed towards drug-control activities in a ‘war on drugs’, rather than public-health-oriented programmes, in spite of evidence that harsh penalties have had little impact.3Rising levels of production and trafficking of drugs within South East Asia, with the ensuing increasing affordability of proscribed substances, have led the authorities in Indonesia to claim they are in a state of emergency.4 If that is so, it is an emergency shared by her neighbours. But notwithstanding common experiences, the search for solutions has taken countries in somewhat different directions in relation to the death penalty. Drugs are trafficked across Cambodia’s borders with Thailand and Vietnam, though the state has had no recourse to the death penalty since abolition in 1989. The only other South East Asian state to have abolished the death penalty is the Philippines, and, yet there, President Rodrigo Duterte is trying to reintroduce the death penalty specifically for drug-related crimes. This would clearly be in contravention of international law, given that the Philippines is a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, but Duterte’s populist politics have considerable support within his country, as well as among other leaders in the region.Myanmar, abolitionist in practice, imposed just four death sentences in 2019, none for drug offences, though it produces – and sells to its neighbours – significant quantities of illegal drugs. Sri Lanka, also abolitionist in practice for some 44 years, has nonetheless made clear its intention to resume executions, and almost half of its new death sentences in 2019 were for drug-related offences. While Thailand retains the death penalty for drug trafficking, there have been no executions for drug offences for a decade. Malaysia imposed 26 new death sentences in 2019, more than three quarters of which were for drug trafficking. This increased further the population of more than 1,200 people on death row, 70% of whom are convicted for drug trafficking. However, Malaysia is in the second year of a moratorium on executions, and has suggested it may review abolition of the mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking, following a report by a special committee set up by the government to review alternative sentences to the mandatory death penalty, and submitted to the government in July 2020.As the death penalty is a state secret in Vietnam, data are not reliable. However, Amnesty International estimates that at least 76 death sentences were imposed in 2019, the majority of which were for drug offences.6 Singapore continues to impose harsh penalties for drug offences, including long terms of imprisonment and whipping.7 Twelve new death sentences, and two of Singapore’s four executions carried out in 2019, were for drug trafficking.Within these diverse responses to drug offending, Indonesia would appear to sit somewhere between Singapore and Vietnam on the one side, and the remaining neighbouring countries on the other – though, for this purpose, the Philippines is rather hard to categorise, given its current proclivity for extrajudicial executions for drug-related offences. For decades, Indonesia’s commitment to the death penalty for drug traffickers has been visible in the steady pace of death sentences. Over the past 20 years, this has put almost 300 people on death row, about 186 of whom are convicted for drug offences, and produced 44 executions, 24 for drug trafficking. Meanwhile, in 2019, Indonesia imposed 60 new death sentences for drug trafficking, three quarters of all death sentences imposed (80), eight of which were imposed on foreign nationals.Furthermore, its current President, Joko Widodo, made apparent his pro-death penalty stance for serious drug offences soon after taking office, as part of his efforts to cultivate an image of being tough on law and order. By way of example, in December 2014 he declared that he would refuse clemency to all drug offenders on death row as a necessary measure to counter the ‘drugs emergency’, and, since then, politicians have promoted the merits of a zero-tolerance approach to drugs.8 Hence, the government justified the 18 executions for drug offences in 2015 and 2016 in terms of a state of emergency caused by drugs.9Claims about drug fatalities sustain the belief that only the harshest punishment – death – is appropriate for drug traffickers. Political rhetoric, and, most likely, judicial sentencing, relies on official statistics on drug-related deaths that suggest drug misuse has devastating consequences for the health of the nation. In January 2015, following executions, the government claimed that between 55 and 85 people died each day from drugs. These figures were revised to approximately 20-25 in 2018, suggesting a strong downward trend in recent years.10 That said, there is little transparency around any of these numbers. The figures on drug deaths cited by the President to justify the executions in 2015 are recognised by social scientists to be based on questionable methods and vague measures.11 Indeed, there seems to be no workable or precise definition of ‘drug-related deaths’. Either way, it would now be hard to find a clear relationship between declining deaths and executions, given that there has been none over the past few years.Notwithstanding these shaky premises, proponents of capital punishment claim, without rigorous evidence, that Indonesian society, including its opinion leaders, are committed to the death penalty – and, further, that it must be retained for its deterrent effect.12 The beliefs in deterrence and in the destructive power of drugs are reciprocal, with each reinforcing the other in a discourse that closes off thoughtful consideration of the facts. While more than five decades of robust research on the deterrent effects of the death penalty, especially in the United States, have established no deterrent effect from either death sentences or executions, we have, as yet, no reliable data on the possible deterrent effect of the death penalty in relation to drug offending in this region.Alongside an unfaltering belief in the deterrent effect of the death penalty, the Indonesian government cites public support as a key reason for retaining the death penalty for what it deems to be serious offences. In early 2019, we conducted a scoping study in Indonesia, including a series of interviews with criminal justice and human rights experts, to explore the apparent appetite for capital punishment. It soon became apparent that there is, in Indonesia, a growing abolitionist movement, with various human rights charities actively gathering data on, and supporting, vulnerable defendants sentenced to death and executed without adequate due process of law, and without access to many of the safeguards that should be in place in any country that retains the death penalty. However, it was apparent that, in their activism, they experienced entrenched and uncompromising views on capital punishment, as did we. We identified three key assumptions behind the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-part-one/ ) [565] => Array ( [objectID] => 16530 [title] => Call for tenders for the contracting of travel management services [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-tenders-for-the-contracting-of-travel-management-services/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition requires travel management services, on a non-exclusive basis, for World Coalition staff, members and partners. [texte] => The World Coalition requires travel management services, on a non-exclusive basis, for World Coalition staff, members and partners. (more…) "Call for tenders for the contracting of travel management services" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [566] => Array ( [objectID] => 16513 [title] => Call Tender Travels [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-tender-travels/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition requires travel management services, on a non-exclusive basis, for World Coalition staff, members and partners. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN-WCADP-CallTender_TravelAgency2021.pdf ) [567] => Array ( [objectID] => 16463 [title] => Call for tenders for an external final evaluation [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-tender-evaluation-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey [texte] => External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey (more…) "Call for tenders for an external final evaluation" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Philippines [2] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [568] => Array ( [objectID] => 16486 [title] => Call Tender Evaluation 2021 [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-tender-evaluation-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Philippines [2] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN-WCADP-ToR-ExtEval-CountriesRisk2021.pdf ) [569] => Array ( [objectID] => 16416 [title] => Program of the 18 June 2021 General Assembly [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-general-assembly-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/general-assembly-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => If you are a member organization, join the fantastic program we will have on Friday 18 June! [texte] => If you are a member organization, join the fantastic program we will have on Friday 18 June! (more…) "Program of the 18 June 2021 General Assembly" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [570] => Array ( [objectID] => 16428 [title] => 2021 General Assembly of the World coalition against the death penalty – Program [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2021-general-assembly-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-program/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => If you are a member organization, join the fantastic program we will have on Friday 18 June! [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN-WCADP-Programme2021GA.pdf ) [571] => Array ( [objectID] => 16383 [title] => 68th Ordinary Session African Commission on Human & Peoples’ Rights- Anti-Death Penalty Advocacy Continues [timestamp] => 1623369600 [date] => 11/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/68th-ordinary-session-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ACHPR_68th_Ordinary_Session_Joint_Pane_on_Violence_Against_Women_in_Vulnerable_Situations-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met virtually for its 68th Ordinary Session from 14 April – 4 May 2021. [texte] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met virtually for its 68th Ordinary Session from 14 April – 4 May 2021. (more…) "68th Ordinary Session African Commission on Human & Peoples’ Rights- Anti-Death Penalty Advocacy Continues" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [572] => Array ( [objectID] => 16382 [title] => Poster SWA – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-swa-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Wanawake waliohukumiwa kunyongwa: Ukweli uliofichika [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/SWA_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [573] => Array ( [objectID] => 16380 [title] => Poster JPN – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-jpn-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 死刑を科された女性：その知られざる現実 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/JPN_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [574] => Array ( [objectID] => 16355 [title] => Poster DE – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-de-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Frauen in der Todeszelle: Ungesehene Realität [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DE_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [575] => Array ( [objectID] => 16346 [title] => Poster IT – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-it-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Donne condannate a morte: una realta’ invisibile [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IT_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [576] => Array ( [objectID] => 16324 [title] => Leaflet World Day Against the Death Penalty 2021 – EN [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-en-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist organizations around the world will celebrate the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, have been exonerated or pardoned. Their stories are an invisible reality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/BROCHURE-WORLD-DAY-2021-EN-1.pdf ) [577] => Array ( [objectID] => 16301 [title] => 2020 World Day report [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2020-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty explored the theme “Access to Counsel: A Matter of Life or Death” in light of the continued execution of individuals who struggle to have adequate support from the State (in having access to a trained, experienced attorney, to have adequate time to mount a defense, etc), who consequently also face their challenges in the judicial system. Having access to qualified and effective representation at all stages of a trial is important to ensure due process and can spell the difference between life and death for people facing capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/WORLD_DAY_2020_REPORT_EN-v1_NO_ANNEX.pdf ) [578] => Array ( [objectID] => 16135 [title] => Poster EN – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wd2021-poster_en/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Women sentenced to death: an invisible reality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN_WD2021_Poster_BD.pdf ) [579] => Array ( [objectID] => 16116 [title] => Mobilization Kit World Day 2021 [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Day Against the Death Penalty is aimed at political leaders and public opinion in both retentionist and abolitionist countries. For the 19th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal. This year the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, have been exonerated or pardoned. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/WD2021_MobilizationKit_EN.pdf ) [580] => Array ( [objectID] => 18811 [title] => A/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.1 Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1622592000 [date] => 02/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-48-l-17-rev-1-resolution-adopted-by-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GE.21-14079(E)Human Rights CouncilForty-eighth session13 September–8 October 2021Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentAlbania,* Australia,* Austria, Belgium,* Benin,* Bulgaria, Chile,* Costa Rica,* Croatia,* Cyprus,* Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic,* Ecuador,* Estonia,* Fiji, Finland,* France, Georgia,* Germany, Greece,* Iceland,* Ireland,* Israel,* Italy, Latvia,* Liechtenstein,* Lithuania,* Luxembourg,* Malta,* Mexico, Monaco,* Mongolia,* Montenegro,* Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand,* North Macedonia,* Norway,* Peru,* Poland, Portugal,* Republic of Moldova,* Romania,* San Marino,* Slovakia,* Slovenia,* Spain,* Sweden,* Switzerland,* Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Uruguay: draft resolution48/… Question of the death penaltyThe Human Rights Council,Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and all other relevant international and regional human rights instruments, and reaffirming that all States must implement their obligations under international human rights law,Recalling also the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,Recalling further General Assembly resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168 of 18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012, 69/186 of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December 2018 and 75/183 of 16 December 2020 on the question of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty,Reaffirming the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of persons facing the death penalty set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984, and the provisions regarding the implementation of the guidelines contained in Council resolutions 1989/64 of 24 May 1989 and 1996/15 of 23 July 1996,Recalling all resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the question of the death penalty, the last of which was resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005,Recalling also Human Rights Council decision 18/117 of 28 September 2011 on reporting by the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, Council resolution 22/11 of 21 March 2013 on a panel on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed, Council decision 22/117 of 21 March 2013 on a high-level * State not a member of the Human Rights Council.United Nations A/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.1General Assembly Distr.: Limited5 October 2021Original: EnglishA/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.12panel discussion on the question of the death penalty, and Council resolutions 26/2 of 26 June 2014, 30/5 of 1 October 2015, 36/17 of 29 September 2017 and 42/24 of 27 September 2019 on the question of the death penalty,Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, in the latest of which the Secretary-General focused on consequences arising from the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty for the enjoyment of human rights, and where he examined international legal aspects of transparency and discussed practices and challenges at the national level in ensuring such transparency, including relating to the right of access to information, the right to a fair trial, the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the principles of non-discrimination and equality before the law,1Acknowledging the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty,2according to which the panel found that there was no evidence that the death penalty had a deterrent effect that reduced the crime rate,Mindful of the work of the special procedure mandate holders who have addressed human rights issues related to the death penalty, including the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,Mindful also of the work undertaken by the treaty bodies to address human rights issues related to the death penalty,Recognizing the role of regional and subregional instruments and initiatives towards the abolition of the death penalty, which in some cases have led to the prohibition of the use of the death penalty,Welcoming the fact that the international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty is continuing and that many States are applying a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and welcoming also all measures taken by States towards limiting the application of the death penalty,Noting that, according to the Human Rights Committee, States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that have abolished the death penalty are barred from reintroducing it, and noting also that the reinstatement of the death penalty by a State party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a violation of international law,Noting also that States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds have abolished the death penalty or are applying a moratorium on its use,Strongly deploring the fact that the use of the death penalty leads to violations of the human rights of the persons facing the death penalty and of other affected persons,Emphasizing that lack of transparency in the use of the death penalty has direct consequences for the human rights of the persons sentenced to death and for other affected persons,Emphasizing also the importance of transparency to ensure that those in detention awaiting execution are treated humanely, with respect for their inherent dignity, and that their prison conditions comply with international standards, such as the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules),Noting that discrimination is aggravated when transparency does not exist or is insufficient, and that transparent reporting and access to information can expose discriminatory practices or impact in the imposition and application of the death penalty,Recalling that, particularly in cases of capital punishment, States must guarantee transparency in order to ensure that all persons benefit from due process guarantees, such as 1 A/HRC/48/29.2 A/HRC/48/38.A/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.13a fair and public trial and adequate assistance by legal counsel at every stage of proceedings, including during detention and arrest, without discrimination of any kind,Recalling also that derogation from the right to life is never permitted, even during a state of emergency, and noting further that since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)pandemic, additional limitations on transparency and due process were recorded in some countries, including for death penalty cases, negatively affecting the rights of convictedpersons and their family members,Recalling further that persons sentenced to death, their families and their lawyers should be provided with timely and reliable information on the procedures and timing of appeals, clemency petitions and executions,Stressing that the term “the most serious crimes” has consistently been read restrictively and interpreted as pertaining only to crimes of extreme gravity involving intentional killing, and stressing also that under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy, adultery, consensual same-sex conduct or relations, establishing political opposition groups or offending a head of State, and that States parties that retain the death penalty for such offences commit a violation of their international obligations,Stressing also the need to examine further in which circumstances the imposition or application of the death penalty violates the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including because of the death row phenomenon, the methods of execution or the lack of transparency around executions,Emphasizing that access to consular assistance for foreign nationals, provided for in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, is an important aspect of the protection of those facing the death penalty abroad,Acknowledging the interest in studying the question of the death penalty, as well as in holding local, national, regional and international debates related thereto,Emphasizing the importance for the effectiveness and transparency of debates on the death penalty of ensuring that the public has access to balanced information, including accurate information and statistics on criminality and the various effective ways to combat it without resorting to capital punishment,1. Urges all States to protect the rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons by complying with their international obligations;2. Calls upon States that have not yet acceded to or ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, to consider doing so;3. Urges States that have not yet abolished the death penalty to ensure transparency in the imposition and application of this punishment, and to respect all other international minimum safeguards for the protection of the human rights of individuals who are facing the death penalty, as set [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/RES/42/24 ) [581] => Array ( [objectID] => 18810 [title] => La seconda lettera. Corrispondenza con un condannato a morte. [timestamp] => 1622592000 [date] => 02/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/la-seconda-lettera-corrispondenza-con-un-condannato-a-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => James Aren Duckett è detenuto nell'FSP (Florida State Prison) dal 30 giugno 1988, a seguito della condanna per lo stupro e l'uccisione di una bambina di 11 anni. In questi 33 anni, Jim, così lo chiamano gli amici e i suoi cari, lotta con i suoi legali per affermare la propria innocenza e per evidenziare le incongruenze e i malfunzionamenti del sistema giudiziario (e carcerario) degli Stati Uniti d'America. Oltre alla sua storia, la corrispondenza con l'autrice, iniziata nel 2012 e tuttora attiva, svela pensieri, paure e riflessioni di Jim, eternamente sospeso tra l'attesa di un responso e la vita in un carcere di massima sicurezza. Una preziosa testimonianza, la sua, che impone il rifiuto dell'idea che la Giustizia passi attraverso la pena di morte. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://books.google.fr/books/about/La_seconda_lettera_Corrispondenza_con_un.html?id=90i9zgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y ) [582] => Array ( [objectID] => 16094 [title] => ISOLATION AND DESOLATION CONDITIONS OF DETENTION OF PEOPLE SENTENCED TO DEATH MALAYSIA – Bahasa Melayu [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-conditions-detention-malaysia-bahasa-melayu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Isolation and Desolation - Conditions of Detention of People Sentenced to Death in Malaysia is the first ever fact-finding mission report on the conditions of detention of death row prisoners in Malaysia. It examines the use of death penalty in Malaysia as well as the actual situation of people on death row. This report is not meant to point fingers but rather to put the facts on the table in a transparent manner and work from there. It is mainly an advocacy tool for all abolitionist stakeholders, from civil society actors to the parliamentarians who will keep fighting for the abolition of the death penalty.---------------------------------------Isolation and Desolation – Conditions of Detention of People Sentenced to Death di Malaysia adalah satu-satunya laporan berasaskan misi mengkaji fakta (fact-finding mission) mengenai keadaan-keadaan penahanan bagi banduan-banduan hukuman mati di Malaysia.Laporan ini mengkaji pelaksanaan hukuman mati di Malaysia dan juga keadaan sebenar orang-orang yang dijatuhkan hukuman mati. Laporan ini bukan bertujuan untuk menunding jari terhadap mana-mana pihak, tetapi bertujuan untuk memberi pencerahan kepada fakta-fakta yang ditemui dan berusaha ke atasnya. Laporan ini bertujuan utama sebagai alat advokasi kepada semua pihak yang mempunyai kepentingan dalam pemansuhan, bermula dari ahli persatuan kemasyarakatan sehingga ahli parlimen yang akan berusaha berterusan untuk memansuhkan hukuman mati. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquete-Malaisie-GB-2019-280420-WEB.pdf ) [583] => Array ( [objectID] => 16092 [title] => Isolation and desolation conditions of detention of people sentenced to death Malaysia [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-conditions-of-detention-malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Isolation and Desolation - Conditions of Detention of People Sentenced to Death in Malaysia is the first ever fact-finding mission report on the conditions of detention of death row prisoners in Malaysia. It examines the use of death penalty in Malaysia as well as the actual situation of people on death row. This report is not meant to point fingers but rather to put the facts on the table in a transparent manner and work from there. It is mainly an advocacy tool for all abolitionist stakeholders, from civil society actors to the parliamentarians who will keep fighting for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => "INTRODUCTIONRationale for this report Little is known about the conditions under which death row prisonersare held in Malaysia. There are currently 1,280 men and womenon death row in the country, following trials that do not alwaysrespect basic international principles. Recent reports have beenpublished, illustrating violations of the right to a fair trial in deathpenalty cases.1 Our report is not intended to duplicate what hasbeen reported in other studies. It aims, through the testimonies ofseveral death row prisoners still in detention, of their families andof religious organisations working in prisons, to take stock of thesituation of those sentenced to death, at a time when the authoritiesare questioning the total abolition of the death penalty. The firstpart of this report will analyse the history of the death penalty in thecountry. The second part will review the main stages of the criminaland clemency processes. The third part will detail the conditions ofdetention of persons sentenced to death. The fourth part will givethe floor to the families of those sentenced to death. The fifth andfinal part will provide some information on the execution process.""Presentation of MalaysiaMalaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural country, located inSoutheast Asia. It is composed of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federalterritories (Wilayah Persekutuan), separated by the South China Seainto two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia.Malaysia’s population, of more than 32,000,000 inhabitants,2 comprisesthree main ethnic groups: 62% Bumiputera (literally translated as “sonof the land”, representing the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak), 21% Chinese and 6% Indian.3 Ethnicity plays an importantrole in Malaysian politics. Since independence, successive governmentshave taken affirmative actions to advance the rights of Bumiputeraover other groups by giving them preferential treatment in many areas,including education, employment or business. Islam is recognised asMalaysia’s established religion. The Malaysian Constitution grantsfreedom of religion to non-Muslims.Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy. The Federal Head of State isthe Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly referred to as the “King”, whomainly plays a ceremonial role, but is of paramount importance inthe clemency process in death penalty cases. Malaysia is governedby a Prime Minister. From independence in 1957 until 2018, thecountry was ruled by a coalition of parties led by the United MalaysNational Organisation (UMNO). During this period, the number ofcrimes punishable by the mandatory4 or discretionary death penaltysteadily increased and included various offences such as: murder, firearms offences, drug trafficking, terrorism, etc., making Malaysiaone of the countries that executed the most convicts in the world.469 people have been executed since Malaysia’s independence,including 229 for drug trafficking.5In 2018, the new coalition party Pakatan Harapan won the elections,ending more than 60 years of UMNO rule. Despite statementsannouncing the full abolition of the death penalty, the newgovernment, led by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, declaredin 2019 that it would abolish only the mandatory death penalty.A Special Committee to Review Alternative Punishments to theMandatory Death Penalty has been set up and has submitted itsreport, which had not yet been made public. In February 2020, after2 years of hope for renewal in the country, Mahathir Mohamadresigned, undermined by internal quarrels within the ruling partyand his inability to deliver on his election promises. In March 2020,he was replaced by Muhyiddin Yassin, who defected from the rulingcoalition and allied himself with the UMNO party""Overview of the death penalty in MalaysiaThe legislative framework of the death penaltyWhile the Federal Constitution recognises the right to life, itprovides for exceptions. Section 5 of the Constitution providesthat: “No person may be deprived of life or personal liberty exceptin accordance with law.”6 Malaysian law provides for the deathpenalty for more than 20 offences. The death penalty is mandatoryby law for several offences, including murder and offences relatedto terrorism, making Malaysia one of the few countries where thejudiciary has no discretion in capital cases. Malaysia allows theapplication of Shariah law in Islamic courts, but those courts cannottry capital cases.""Many of these capital offences do not involve any element ofintentional killing, such as drug trafficking or kidnapping. Theimposition of the death penalty in such cases is contrary tointernationally recognised human rights standards, in particular theUnited Nations (UN) Death Penalty Safeguards recommendations,endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1984, which state that“Capital punishment may be imposed only for the most seriouscrimes, it being understood that their scope should not gobeyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely graveconsequences.”7 The prohibition of the imposition of the deathpenalty for all but the “Most serious crimes” is also provided inArticle 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR). Although Malaysia has not ratified several internationalhuman rights treaties,8 including the ICCPR, the Malaysiangovernment has repeatedly asserted that its legislation is inconformity with the ICCPR.9 In October 2018, the UN Human RightsCommittee clarified the term “Most serious crimes”: “The term ‘themost serious crimes’ must be read restrictively and appertain onlyto crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing. Crimes. and sexual offences, although serious in nature, can never serveas the basis, within the framework of Article 6, for the impositionof the death penalty.”10 In addition, the use of the death penalty tocombat drug-related crimes and the imposition of mandatory deathpenalty have been identified as clear violations of international lawby UN Special Rapporteurs on Summary Executions and on Torture.11Certain categories of persons are excluded from capital punishment.The execution of pregnant women is prohibited: the law provides forthe commutation of the death penalty to life imprisonment oncepregnancy has been proven.12 No death sentence may be passedon people who commit an offence when they are under 18 years ofage.13 In addition, the legislation provides that people, “By reason ofunsoundness of mind, are incapable of knowing the nature of theact, or that [they are] doing what is either wrong or contrary to law”,do not commit criminal offences.14 Therefore, according to the law,""they cannot be sentenced to death. Nevertheless, this is not alwaysthe case. Osariakhi Ernest Obyangbon, a Nigerian citizen sentencedto death in 2000, was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia in2007, before his appeal. His sentence to death was upheld by thecourt. He was spared execution in 2014 after strong protests byhuman rights organisations. His sentence was commuted in 2017,10 years after his diagnosis.15The method of execution is by hanging.161,280 people on death row in December 2019Until recently, the Malaysian authorities did not publish detaileddata on the implementation of death penalty in the country. Dataon death sentences have therefore been estimated by humanrights NGOs, based on the limited information provided by theauthorities or by the families of people sentenced to death. Thislack of transparency does not comply with the UN Economic andSocial Council’s 1989 Resolution, which urged Member States “Topublish, for each category of offence for which the death penaltyis authorized, and if possible on an annual basis, information aboutthe use of the death penalty, including the number of personssentenced to death, the number of executions actually carried out,the number of persons under sentence of death, the number ofdeath sentences reversed or commuted on appeal and the numberof instances in which clemency has been granted, and to includeinformation on the extent to which the safeguards referred toabove are incorporated in national law.”17 In 2018, disaggregateddata were made available for the first time to international humanrights organisations, which showed that the number of personssentenced to death was much higher than previously recorded. Theestimated data presented in Table 2 below are therefore partial,but nevertheless provide interesting trends.In the last 10 years, the number of death sentences has increasedconsiderably, due to the hard-line policy against drug-related crimes.18 72% of all death sentences recorded in 2018 relate todrug offences.19 As Harm Reduction International notes in its 2019report, “While the overall death row population grew 13.8% between2017 and 2018, death row prisoners for drug offences specificallyincreased by 38% during the same period.”20 In December 2019,the Minister of Home Affairs reported to the Parliament that1,280 persons were awaiting execution in Malaysian prisons,21 70%of whom were convicted of drug trafficking. This is a significantincrease since 2011, when 696 people were awaiting execution inMalaysian prisons.22 That is a very large number of people on deathrow, and one of the highest numbers in the world.23 Compared tothe situation in other countries, the proportion of people on deathrow among the prison population is 14 times higher in Malaysiathan in the United States.24 In addition, while 1,280 people are ondeath row in Malaysia, the number of people on death row in theUnited States is 2,656 in 2019, with a population 10 times higher. ""The vast majority of the 1,280 persons on death row has beenconvicted for drug trafficking. According to December 2019 data,persons on death row were convicted of the following offences: 70%for drug trafficking (899 persons), 27% for murder (350 persons), 1%for firearms offences (15 persons), 0.6% for crimes against the rulerof the State27 (8), 0.4% for kidnapping (5), 0.2% for gang robberyand murder (2), and 0.1% for a [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquete-Malaisie-GB-2019-280420-WEB.pdf ) [584] => Array ( [objectID] => 16083 [title] => Issues and recommendations to raise with the government of Malawi [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/statement-malawi-68sessionachpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OverviewThis document has been prepared by the Community of Sant’Egidio, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to assist the Commissioners ahead of the 2nd/3rd periodic report of the Government of Malawi that covers the reporting period of 2015-2019. [texte] => "The Community of Sant'Egidio was founded in 1968 and has since become a network of more than 70 countries tied together by values of peace and providing assistance to the poor. The Community has consistently advocated against the death penalty, and in 2002, launched the first International Day Cities for Life - Cities against the Death Penalty on 30 November. Approximately 80 cities were involved for the first edition in 2002. Now more than 2150 cities have rallied around the initiative - including 80 capitals in five continents, taking part in the event by raising public awareness, promoting educational initiatives and organising events held in symbolic monuments and squares. The Community of Sant'Egidio in Malawi contributed to this report.Reprieve is an international legal action charity that was founded in 1999 (UK charity registration no. 1114900). Reprieve provides support to some of the world's most vulnerable people, including people sentenced to death and those victimized by states’ abusive counter-terrorism policies. Based in London, but with offices and partners throughout the world, Reprieve is currently working on behalf of 70 people facing the death penalty in 16 countries, including Malawi. Reprieve's vision is a world free of execution, torture and detention without due process.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. The World Coalition headquarters are based in Montreuil, France. ""Summary Malawi has a de facto moratorium on executions and has not executed anyone since the new Constitution was enacted in 1994. The last known execution was in 1992. As a result of the landmark 2007 Supreme Court judgment in Kafantayeni v Attorney General of Malawi, individuals convicted of murder are no longer automatically sentenced to death and instead, evidence of an offender’s age, good character, difficult upbringing, mental health, and other factors are considered in mitigation. After a further Supreme Court judgment in 2010, all individuals automatically sentenced to death before 2007 became entitled to a new sentencing hearing where the judge would consider mitigating circumstances. In order to facilitate the new sentencing hearings, a group of stakeholders formed the Malawi Resentencing Project, through which the High Court provided new, constitutional sentences to approximately 154 people between February 2015 and September 2017. The project was immensely successful, garnering international accolades, media coverage, and awards, including the World Justice Prize for the stakeholders involved in coordinating and carrying out the project. As a result of the project, 155 individuals were resentenced to terms of years, 146 of whom have been released after serving sentences ranging from 15 to 42 years. Of these, at least 16 people were identified as being children at the time of the offence for which they were sentenced to death. Only one person was resentenced to life in prison. None were re-sentenced to death. Most of those released returned to their home villages. ""After the conclusion of the resentencing hearings, the Resentencing Project sought to take qualitative and quantitative survey evidence from the home villages of those individuals who had been released as a result of the Project. In particular, the survey sought to gather evidence on views of traditional leaders who oversee communities where people who were formerly sentenced to death have been released and reintegrated. This experience gives the leaders a unique view of the death penalty. One leader surveyed concluded that he no longer supported the death penalty because ""prison is for reform, and there is no reform in death."" In all, 94% of the traditional leaders surveyed said that they didn’t want the death penalty to continue to be a punishment in Malawi. They said they prefer rehabilitation.Very few death sentences have been handed down in recent years. No one was sentenced to death between March 2016 and May 2019 (the close of the reporting period), at which point there were only 15 people on death row in Malawi. However, between May 2019 and time of writing, the country has taken what will hopefully be a temporary step back, issuing 12 new death sentences. In the recent cases where the death sentences were imposed, there are concerns that Legal Aid did not have sufficient time, personnel and resources to conduct effective mitigation investigations and make comprehensive submissions. There have also been documented cases of torture against suspects in death-eligible cases, including at least one case where police killed the suspect, Buleya Lule, through torture by electrocution. Evidence extracted through torture and forced confessions have been admitted in court in most recent death penalty cases. ""Importantly, there have not been automatic commutations for those with death sentences to life in prison since 2005. Prior to 2005, all those sentenced to death received regular, automatic commutations from the President as part of holiday celebrations. Since 2005, these commutations have ceased entirely, though they have been reported to be ongoing in public documents. This is likely a result of misunderstanding and miscommunication, due to the lack of guidelines and processes around commutation. The clemency process, to the extent that it has been formalized, is opaque and inaccessible to prisoners. Despite this, in general terms, Malawi seems to be on track towards abolition.Malawi demonstrated its increasing openness to abolition of the death penalty by changing its vote from abstention to votes in favour of the past three UNGA Resolutions for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (in 2016, 2018 and 2020).Malawi’s previous report to the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights was examined in 2015. In its Concluding Observations, the African Commission recommended that the Government of Malawi adopt an official moratorium on the death penalty as the next step towards definitive abolition and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR.""Recommendations1.That the Government of Malawi to take further steps toward abolition, including by issuing a formal moratorium on executions.2.That the Government of Malawi to continue its laudable record of voting in favour of the UNGA resolution on a moratorium, as It did again in 2020. 3.That the Government of Malawi to take specific steps to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) on the abolition of death penalty, as recommended in the Concluding Observations of the ACHPR in 2015.4.That the Government of Malawi to issue regular, automatic commutations to life for all those who are sentenced to death. 5.That the Government of Malawi to formalise and provide transparency on its clemency and pardon procedures.6.That the Government of Malawi to uphold the ruling and jurisprudence from the Kafantayeni case and related resentencing project by ensuring consideration of all relevant mitigating factors in every capital case, including ensuring all actors in the proceedings have resources to conduct proper investigation and present mitigation.7.That the Government of Malawi to ensure courts abide by minimum standards for fair trials.8.That the Government of Malawi ensure that every person who is sentenced to death is able to access an appeal, as guaranteed by Malawi Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code, sec. 324 and Section 42(f) of the Constitution. 9.That the Government of Malawi uphold its commitment to the Convention Against Torture and Section 19 of the Constitution of Malawi by preventing torture against suspects and making it illegal to use torture-tainted evidence in court. The Government of Malawi should pass domestic legalisation revising Section 176 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence code, which currently allows forced confessions to be admitted in evidence.10.That the Government of Malawi to ensure that each accused person in a capital case receives effective independent legal representation." [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021_Malawi_68sessionACHPR_statement.pdf ) [585] => Array ( [objectID] => 16068 [title] => Editorial: Amnesty International releases annual report [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/editorial-amnesty-international-releases-annual-report/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/amnesty-international-report-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 21 April, we published our annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows that in 2020 the world got one step closer to freeing itself from this cruel punishment. [texte] => On 21 April, we published our annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows that in 2020 the world got one step closer to freeing itself from this cruel punishment. (more…) "Editorial: Amnesty International releases annual report" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [586] => Array ( [objectID] => 16044 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1621987200 [date] => 26/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tenth-quinquennial-report-unsg/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => SummaryIn its resolution 1745 (LIV) of 16 May 1973, the Economic and Social Council invited the Secretary-General to submit to it, at five-year intervals starting from 1975, periodic updated and analytical reports on capital punishment. The Council, in its resolution 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, recommended that the quinquennial reports of the Secretary-General continue to cover also the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. In the same resolution, the Council requested the Secretary-General, in preparing the quinquennial report, to draw on all available data, including current criminological research. The present report, which is the tenth quinquennial report, contains a review of the use of and trends in capital punishment, including the implementa tion of the safeguards during the period 2014–2018.In accordance with resolutions 1745 (LIV) and 1990/51, of 24 July 1990, of the Economic and Social Council, as well as its decision 2005/247 of 22 July 2005, the present report is submitted to the Council at its substantive session of 2020, and will also be before the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty-ninth session and the Human Rights Council at its forty-fourth regular session.The report on the 2014–2018 quinquennium confirms the trend documented in previous reports towards abolition and restriction of the use of capital punishment in most countries. The number of States that have abolished the death penalty in law and in practice continued to grow. This is reflected in the increased number of States bound by treaty obligations not to implement the death penalty. The quinquennium also witnessed some years of dramatic increases in the number of executions, which were carried out by a small number of States. The situation stabilized at the end of the survey period, and the number of recorded executions in the final year, 2018, was the lowest in many years. The safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty apply to States that retain capital punishment. It is of concern, however, that the death penalty continued to be imposed on persons below 18 years of age at the time of commission of the offence, and that death sentences were imposed in cases where the “most serious crimes” standard was not met and in cases of trials that did not comply with international standards. [texte] => "Introduction1. The present report, prepared pursuant to Economic and Social Councilresolutions 1754 (LIV) of 16 May 1973 and 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, and Councildecision 2005/247 of 22 July 2005, is the tenth quinquennial report of theSecretary-General on capital punishment. 1 It covers the period 2014–2018 andreviews developments in the use of capital punishment. In accordance with Councilresolution 1989/64 of 24 May 1989, the report also covers the implementation of thesafeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. Inthe same resolutions, the Council requested the Secretary-General, in preparing thequinquennial report, to draw on all available data, including current criminologicalresearch.""Background and scope2. All United Nations Member States were invited to contribute information to thepresent report by means of a detailed questionnaire (the “survey questionnaire”). 2Inthe present report, States are classified by death penalty status as at 1 January 2014,making it possible to chart changes over the five-year period up to the end ofDecember 2018, as well as to make comparisons with the results of previousquinquennial reports, which used a similar method of analysis. The followingcategories are used:(a) Abolitionist for all crimes, whether in time of peace or war;(b) Abolitionist for ordinary crimes, meaning that the death penalty has beenabolished for all ordinary offences committed in peacetime, such as those containedin the criminal code or those recognized in common law (for example, murder, rapeand robbery with violence), and that the death penalty is retained only for exceptionalcircumstances, such as military offences in wartime, or crimes against the State, suchas treason, terrorism or armed insurrection;(c) Abolitionist de facto, that is, States and territories in which the deathpenalty remains lawful and death sentences may still be pronounced but executionshave not taken place for 10 years. States and territories that carried out exe cutionswithin the previous 10 years but have made an international commitment through theestablishment of an official moratorium are also designated as de facto abolitionist;(d) Retentionist in practice, that is, States in which the death penalty rema inslawful and that have conducted executions during the previous 10 years.3. Although the present report deals with the period covered by the survey,significant developments that took place during 2019 and are relevant to the law andpractice of capital punishment have been noted so as to make the conclusions of thereport as current as possible.4. Survey questionnaires were returned by 60 States, 3 which is six more than forthe previous report, in 2015. 5. In order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the situation, andin accordance with resolution 1995/57, in which the Council requested theSecretary-General to draw on all available data, including current criminologicalresearch, and to invite the comments of specialized agencies, intergovernmentalorganizations and non-governmental organizations in consultative status with theCouncil on the question of capital punishment, information on the use of the deathpenalty was drawn from other sources, including the summary reports of high-levelpanel discussions requested by the Human Rights Council, 4annual reports submittedby the Secretary-General at the request of the Council5and reports submitted by theSecretary-General at the request of the General Assembly, 6in accordance with therelevant resolutions and decisions. 7 Documents produced in the course of theuniversal periodic review as well as those produced by treaty bodies and the specialprocedures of the Council also provided valuable information. The followingnon-governmental organizations submitted reports and written statements: AmnestyInternational, Death Penalty Focus, Fundación Luz María, the International HarmReduction Association and the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.""Changes in the status of the death penalty, 2014–20186. At the end of December 2018, 167 States were deemed abolitionist either in lawor in practice and 30 States were classified as retentionist. This compares with159 abolitionist States and 38 retentionist States at the end of the previousquinquennium (2009–2013). During the survey period 2014–2018, no State that hadpreviously become abolitionist, either in law or in practice, reverted to the use ofcapital punishment.""States that had abolished the death penalty for all crimes by thebeginning of 20148. At the beginning of 2014, 101 States had abolished the death penalty for allcrimes, compared with 95 in 2009, 79 in 2004, and 70 in 1999. No fully abolitionistState reintroduced the death penalty during the survey period. By the end of thequinquennium, in 2018, 109 States were abolitionist for all crimes. Fiji, which hadbeen abolitionist for ordinary crimes from the time of independence, abolished capitalpunishment in all circumstances in 2015. Several States, namely, Benin, the Congo,Guinea, Madagascar, Mongolia, Nauru and Suriname, that were previously classifiedas de facto abolitionist moved to the de jure abolitionist category either by the enactment of legislation or by judicial decision. Two States, the Gambia a nd Liberia,are listed as fully abolitionist de jure by virtue of their ratification of the SecondOptional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aimingat the abolition of the death penalty,8 despite the fact that they still have domesticlegislation in force that allows for capital punishment.9. Of the States that responded to the survey questionnaire, 40 identifiedthemselves as abolitionist de jure. When asked whether there had been any attemptsto reintroduce capital punishment through changes in legislation, none of themanswered in the affirmative. "States that had abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes by the beginning of 2014 10. At the beginning of 2014, seven States, namely, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Fiji, Israel, Kazakhstan and Peru, had abolished the death penalty for ordinary offences governed by the criminal code or similar legislation, but not for certain special offences against the State (usually treason) or offences under the military code committed in wartime. None of those States recorded any executions during the quinquennium. 11. During the survey period, Fiji became fully abolitionist. Three States, Burkina Faso, Chad and Guatemala, enacted legislation abolishing the death penalty for ordinary crimes. In Burkina Faso, provisions allowing for capital punishment in the Penal Code were repealed by Parliament, although capital punishment remained possible under the Military Justice Code. Draft legislation and a new draft constitution in Burkina Faso provided for full abolition. 9 In Guatemala, the Constitutional Court declared death penalty provisions in the Penal Code and the Anti-Narcotics Law to be invalid, although capital punishment under the Military Code remained possible. In Chad, the new Criminal Code, adopted in 2017, abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes, retaining it for acts of terrorism. 10 The Government of Chad informed the Human Rights Council that the legislation was under review and that it was in support of abolishing the death penalty completely. 11 Burkina Faso and Guatemala were deemed de facto abolitionist and have not conducted executions for many years, while Chad held several executions for terrorism-related offences in 2015. 12. Article 2 of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights permits States to ratify or accede with a reservation allowing the death penalty “in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime”. The provision has been invoked by 10 States parties to the Protocol. When it ratified the Protocol in 2014, El Salvador made reference to its Constitution, stating that the death penalty might be imposed only in the cases provided under the military laws during an international state of war. Several States objected that the reservation was inconsistent with article 2 of the Protocol.12 __________________ 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, v"De facto abolitionist States at the beginning of 201413. At the beginning of the quinquennium, in January 2014, 51 States could bedescribed as de facto abolitionist. Over the five years of the survey, seven States,namely, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Uganda,Zimbabwe and the State of Palestine, became de facto abolitionist, either because10 years had elapsed without an execution or because they had declared an officialmoratorium. Twenty-five of the 49 States deemed de facto abolitionist at the end ofthe survey period had not conducted an execution for 25 years or more.14. In reports to the Human Rights Council and the treaty bodies and in replies tothe survey questionnaire, 20 States that had not conducted an execution for at least10 years described themselves as having a de facto moratorium, namely, Algeria, 13Armenia,14 Barbados,15 Eritrea,16 Eswatini,17 Grenada,18 Guinea,19 Jamaica,20 the LaoPeople’s Democratic Republic, 21 Lebanon, 22 Mali, 23 Mauritania, 24 Morocco, 25Myanmar, 26 Nigeria, 27 the Republic of Korea, 28 Saint Lucia, 29 Sri Lanka, 30Tajikistan 31 and Zambia. 32 The Niger stated that it had imposed no officialmoratorium, even though it had not conducted an execution since 1976 and had votedin favour of the General Assembly resolution on a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty.33 It said that it was committed to the abolition of the death penalty but hadchosen to conduct awareness campaigns on the issue, with the assistance ofinternational partners, until the conditions for abolition were met. 34 In its response tothe questionnaire, Israel, which records only two executions in its entire history, thelast dating to 1962, said that there [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/E/2020/53 ) [587] => Array ( [objectID] => 16035 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2020 [timestamp] => 1621987200 [date] => 26/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2020. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: - official figures; - judgements; - information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; - media reports; - and, for a limited number of countries, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, , such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2020 little or no information was available on some countries – in particular Laos and North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – due to restrictive state practice. [texte] => Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaign for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better."NOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2020. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; judgements; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; media reports; and, for a limited number of countries, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information ontheir use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penaltyis classified as a state secret. During 2020 little or no information was available on somecountries – in particular Laos and North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – dueto restrictive state practice. ""Therefore, for many countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of the death penaltyare minimum figures. The true figures are likely to be higher. Where the organization obtainsofficial information on a specific country in a given year, this is noted in the report. In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of the death penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authorities misrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear that the figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of the restrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty; however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed and sentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publish information on the use of the death penalty in China.""In tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – forexample, Malaysia (22+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 22 executions,death sentences or persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there weremore than 22. Where “+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Syria(+) – it means that Amnesty International has corroborated executions, death sentencesor persons under sentence of death (more than one) in that country but had insufficientinformation to provide a credible minimum figure. When calculating global and regional totals,“+” has been counted as 2, including for China. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition of capital punishment."“A modern system of criminal justice must be reasonably accurate, fair, humane, and timely. Our recent experience with the Federal Government’s resumption of executions adds to the mounting body of evidence that the death penalty cannot be reconciled with those values.” Stephen Breyer, Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court, 16 July 2020GLOBAL TRENDS The year 2020 was marked by a further global decline in the use of the death penalty, and while the Covid-19 pandemic contributed to reductions in the number of executions carried out and death sentences imposed, it also exacerbated the inherent cruelty of this punishment. The number of known executions decreased by 26% compared to the 2019 total, continuing the year-on-year reduction recorded since 2015 and once again reaching the lowest figure in more than 10 years. The number of known executing countries (18) decreased by 2 compared to 2019 and confirmed that the resort to executions remained confined to a minority of countries. The significant drop was primarily linked to important reductions in executions in two of the countries that have historically reported high execution figures, Iraq and Saudi Arabia; and to a lesser extent some hiatuses that took place in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the USA, the surge in federal executions was balanced out in the national count mostly because of new stays of execution – or slower pursuit of warrants– in some US states, as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Six of the judicial reprieves granted in the USA in 2020 specifically referred to the Covid-19 pandemic. In Singapore executions were put on [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5037602021ENGLISH.PDF ) [588] => Array ( [objectID] => 27203 [title] => Extending borders of knowledge: gendered pathways to prison in Thailand for international cross border drug trafficking [timestamp] => 1621987200 [date] => 26/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extending-borders-of-knowledge-gendered-pathways-to-prison-in-thailand-for-international-cross-border-drug-trafficking/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study compares the prison trajectories of women and men involved in international cross-border drug trafficking (ICBDT) in Thailand, identifying shared and gendered pathways, including a unique romantic susceptibility trajectory for women. [texte] => Skip to main contentAn official website of the United States governmentPMC home pagePrimary site navigationSearch PMC Full-Text Archive Advanced Search Journal List User GuideAs a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.Learn more: PMC Disclaimer | PMC Copyright NoticePsychiatry, Psychology, and Law logoPsychiatr Psychol Law. 2021 May 26;28(6):909–933. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1894263Extending borders of knowledge: gendered pathways to prison in Thailand for international cross border drug traffickingSamantha Jeffries a,✉, Prarthana Rao b, Chontit Chuenurah b, Michelle Fitz-Gerald aaSchool of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, AustraliabOffice of the Bangkok Rules and Treatment of Offenders, Thailand Institute of Justice, Bangkok, Thailand✉Correspondence: Samantha Jeffries, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia. Email: s.jeffries@griffith.edu.auPMCID: PMC9176368 PMID: 35694652AbstractFew researchers have concerned themselves with qualitative gender-comparative studies of women’s and men’s prison trajectories – particularly appraisals relating to international cross border drug trafficking (ICBDT). Using life history interviews with prisoners incarcerated in three regions of Thailand, we describe, examine and compare the features of women’s and men’s pathways to prison for ICBDT. Overall, the findings point to both similarities and divergences in experiences by gender. Three pathways to prison emerged for both women and men: (1) ‘deviant’ lifestyle, (2) economic familial provisioning and (3) inexperience and deception. However, gendered variance was found within these pathways; an additional woman-only trajectory, the romantic susceptibility pathway, was also identified.Keywords: international cross border drug trafficking, ICBDT, drug couriers, drug mules, gender, Thailand, Southeast Asia, feminist pathwaysIntroductionThe ‘war on drugs’ (global and domestic) and its associated prohibitionist policies and harsh punishments for drug-related crime have contributed greatly to the growth in women’s incarceration numbers around the world (Inter-American Commission of Women, 2014; Penal Reform International, 2016). For example, since the war on drugs began, female prison populations have evidenced a steady increase in the number of women incarcerated for international cross border drug trafficking (ICBDT; see Fleetwood, 2014; Kensy et al., 2012; Unlu & Ekici, 2012). Although most people arrested for ICBDT are men, women comprise a significant minority (Banks, 2011; Barnoux & Wood, 2013; Fleetwood, 2014; Penal Reform International, 2016). It is estimated that women represent around 20% of the drug traffickers arrested worldwide (Fleetwood & Haas, 2011).In Thailand, the government has taken a particularly punitive approach to illicit drugs (particularly methamphetamine) since the 1990s. This culminated in an official drug ‘war’ being declared in February 2003. The Thai government’s objective was to reduce both use and availability. The chosen method was strict law enforcement and harsh sentencing regimes. Drug offenders of ‘whatever nature’ were ‘indiscriminately imprisoned’ (Junlakan et al., 2013). Furthermore, over a three-month period in early 2003, the drug war escalated with the extrajudicial killings of over 2000 suspected drug dealers and traffickers (Cohen, 2014; Jeffries, 2014; Jeffries & Chuenurah, 2016; Junlakan et al., 2013).Unsurprisingly, given this hard-line approach to illicit drugs, Thailand’s prison population has risen steeply since the early 1990s and drug offenders are significantly overrepresented. Furthermore, the drug war has disproportionately impacted women; although data specific to the number of women incarcerated in Thailand for ICBDT are unavailable, we do know that – compared to men – drug offenders constitute a higher percentage of the female prison population (Jeffries, 2014; Jeffries & Chuenurah, 2016). For example, Jeffries and Chuenurah’s (2016) study of imprisonment trends in Thailand from 2003 to 2013 found that, compared to men, far higher proportions of the female sentenced prison population were incarcerated for a drug offence over the period (72 to 89% compared to 45 to 65%).In 2009 the United Nations (UN) advocated for international collaboration to address women’s involvement in ICBDT (Fleetwood & Haas, 2011), yet there is a relative paucity of studies exploring the potential gendered conditions occasioning imprisonment for these offences. Currently, ICBDT research is ordinarily focused on quantitatively charting international drug markets and organised transitional criminal networks, and there is no consideration of women as drug traffickers or the gendered nature of ICBDT (e.g. Bright et al., 2019; Chin & Zang, 2015; Reid et al., 2006; Wood, 2017). Research exploring ICBDT as a conceivably gendered happening is scant – and of the studies published, most have focused exclusively on women (Fleetwood, 2014; Fleetwood et al., 2015).The results from this limited body of work suggest that women who participate in ICBDT are often first-time offenders with negligible links to organised crime, and that their role is characterised by a lack of control; namely, women are often unaware of what they are carrying and are subjugated to various degrees (Fleetwood & Haas, 2011). Women living with vulnerabilities are frequently targeted and groomed by recruiters (commonly men), and remuneration is minimal while the risks of apprehension and incarceration are high (Kensy et al., 2012). Women drug couriers are invariably under-educated, impoverished and primarily responsible for familial economic provisioning. Gendered vulnerability – including the feminisation of poverty1 – and the confines of familial caregiving restrict women’s choices, impelling them into ICBDT. Other typical susceptibilities include extensive victimisation histories, associated trauma and general life chaos, all of which increase women’s vulnerability to being exploited by recruiters (Bailey, 2013; Fleetwood, 2014; Sudbury, 2005).Some women’s participation in ICBDT is linked to experiences of abuse, violence, threats, coercion, manipulation and deception, including unknowingly transporting drugs and being used as a decoy (Fleetwood, 2014; Fleetwood et al., 2015; Kensy et al., 2012; Unlu & Ekici, 2012).2 Subsequently, it has been argued that women drug couriers are in fact victims of human trafficking because many are moved across international borders under circumstances of force, threat, coercion, fraud and/or deception for exploitative purposes (Fleetwood, 2014). Despite this, the global use of rationalised sentencing models (e.g. legislated mandatory minimum imprisonment terms) that assume individual choice and responsibility while minimising the significance of social inequality and vulnerability ensure that harsh penalties are applied, regardless of culpability, mitigating circumstances or the collateral damage caused by incarceration (Fleetwood et al., 2015; Fleetwood & Haas, 2011; Kensy et al., 2012).Prior research in this field has argued that women ICBDT offenders often present as victims of happenstance who are unduly and unfairly punished. Men on the other hand are construed as rational actors; the ‘real’ players/criminals in the international drug trade (Fleetwood, 2014). However, a lack of research on men’s ICBDT participation makes it difficult to unpack the extent to which these crimes are in fact gendered. Furthermore, understanding both men’s and women’s ICBDT experiences may prove useful in challenging notions about trafficking that legitimate harsh punishments for men as well as women.This article reports findings from in-depth life history interviews with women and men imprisoned in Thailand for ICBDT. Utilising a feminist pathways approach, we explored and mapped these women’s and men’s narratives of their imprisonment journeys. Our aim is to contribute to the development of a gendered understanding of the ICBDT experience. The paper begins with a discussion of the extant literature. We then explain our methodological approach, present our findings and position the research results within the broader subject field. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our study and provide directions for further research.Literature reviewTwo bodies of literature informed this research: (1) prior studies on the gendered nature of ICBDT and (2) the feminist pathways to crime framework. We review both below. What will be shown is that studies specifically focused on the gendered features of ICBDT are restricted in number, scope and breadth. To date, attention has chiefly centred on women imprisoned for ICBDT in Europe or the Americas. The primary aims have been to understand: (1) the impact of the global drug war on women, (2) the part women play in the international drug market, (3) women’s immediate offending motivations, (4) women’s agency in offending and (5) women’s experiences within foreign systems of criminal justice. Each study we reviewed below took a broadly feminist approach and provided instrumental knowledge about an understudied and especially marginalised group of women. However, none specifically applied a feminist pathways perspective, and only one attempted to compare the ICBDT narratives of women and men (Bailey, 2013; Dorado, 1998, cited in Díaz-Cotto, 2005; Fleetwood, 2014; Sudbury, 2005).In contrast to the existing ICBDT research, feminist pathways scholars look further than the expressed motivations, characteristics and experiences of offending. Pathways scholarship maps the life histories of women (and less frequently of men) to determine their criminalisation trajectories. By ad [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Gender [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9176368/ ) [589] => Array ( [objectID] => 15991 [title] => Statement delivered to ACHPR on its 68th Ordinary Session [timestamp] => 1620777600 [date] => 12/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-delivered-to-achpr-on-its-68th-ordinary-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Oral statement on behalf of FIACAT, FIDH, World Coalition against the Death Penalty, ECPM, Avocats sans frontières, COJESKI-RDC, ECPM, RAL and Reprieve on the activities of the Members of the Commission and the Special Mechanisms. [texte] => Oral statement on behalf of FIACAT, FIDH, World Coalition against the Death Penalty, ECPM, Avocats sans frontières, COJESKI-RDC, ECPM, RAL and Reprieve on the activities of the Members of the Commission and the Special Mechanisms. (more…) "Statement delivered to ACHPR on its 68th Ordinary Session " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [590] => Array ( [objectID] => 15971 [title] => At least 267 People Executed in Iran in 2020 Despite COVID-19 Pandemic [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/at-least-267-people-executed-in-iran-in-2020-despite-covid-19-pandemic/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/annual-report-death-penalty-iran-2020-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty), shows that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Islamic Republic continued carrying out executions as in the previous years, and remains the only country to have executed juvenile offenders in 2020. [texte] => The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty), shows that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Islamic Republic continued carrying out executions as in the previous years, and remains the only country to have executed juvenile offenders in 2020. (more…) "At least 267 People Executed in Iran in 2020 Despite COVID-19 Pandemic" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [591] => Array ( [objectID] => 15959 [title] => LBH Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid Institute) [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lbh-masyarakat-community-legal-aid-institute/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LogoLBHM.png [extrait] => LBH Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid Institute) is a collective of individuals who believe that every human has potential to actively participate in legal aid, to uphold justice, and to contribute to the protection of human rights. LBH Masyarakat believes in equality, non-discrimination, and acknowledgement of inherent human dignity. LBH Masyarakat defends the right of every […] [texte] => LBH Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid Institute) is a collective of individuals who believe that every human has potential to actively participate in legal aid, to uphold justice, and to contribute to the protection of human rights. LBH Masyarakat believes in equality, non-discrimination, and acknowledgement of inherent human dignity. LBH Masyarakat defends the right of every human being without distinction on any backgrounds: ethnicity, religion, race, social status, sexual orientation, gender identity, mental health situation, or other status.LBH Masyarakat has represented people on death row and raised their profile in both national and international media. LBH Masyarakat also spoke at the UN General Assembly Special Session on drugs on the issue of drugs and the death penalty, attended World Congresses against the Death Penalty, held press conferences, issued press releases, and spoke to the national media, on the issue of abolition of the death penalty, monitored the development of the Draft of Criminal Code, submitted joint shadow reports with Reprieve UK to the UPR on Indonesia focusing solely on the death penalty, spoke at the UPR Pre-Session and attended the UPR sessions, organised events in commemoration of the World Day against the Death Penalty, co-organised the National Conference on the Death Penalty, with KontraS, organised a series of Capital Defence Lawyer Training (topics included: torture and forensic documentation, investigation and mitigation, media, mental health).It also conducted a research on Strengthening Safeguard Mechanisms for Persons Facing the Death Penalty/Executions, and recently partnered with the Death Penalty Project and the University of Oxford for a study on the Feasibility of Systematic Research on the Deterrent Effects of the Death Penalty in Indonesia and on the Feasibility of Conducting Research on Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty in Indonesia: Elite and Public Opinions. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [592] => Array ( [objectID] => 15946 [title] => Madrid Bar Association [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/madrid-bar-association/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Logotipo-icam.png [extrait] => Founded in 1596, the Madrid Bar Association is made up of 77,000 lawyers, and its main mission is to defend their corporate interests and those of the citizens they serve. Likewise, the Bar guarantees its independence and the validity of the basic values of the profession, and provides its members with the services they need […] [texte] => Founded in 1596, the Madrid Bar Association is made up of 77,000 lawyers, and its main mission is to defend their corporate interests and those of the citizens they serve. Likewise, the Bar guarantees its independence and the validity of the basic values of the profession, and provides its members with the services they need for the best performance of their work.The lawyers of Madrid are a main reference in legal controversies and for the elaboration of laws. Our Association carries out an important public service activity in the form of in-court representation, legal assistance to detainees and legal advice services; maintaining its duty of solidarity with the most needy colleagues by covering our risks; and supporting the exercise of defence as the key to our collective and individual contribution to the construction of the Rule of Law.The Madrid Bar Association is today a modern corporation, well managed, with high quality standards, transparent in its actions and democratic in its behaviour. It has a budget of more than 25 million euros and human resources of nearly 200 employees.In order to publicly express its institutional position in relation to the death penalty and its abolition, the Bar Association, by agreement of its Board of Governors, became a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [593] => Array ( [objectID] => 15925 [title] => Coordination Maghrébine des Organisations des Droits Humains (CMODH) [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coordination-maghrebine-des-organisations-des-droits-humains-cmodh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LogoCMODH.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [594] => Array ( [objectID] => 15919 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2020 [timestamp] => 1620086400 [date] => 04/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. [texte] => "One of the most serious causesI have fought for in my life hasbeen the abolition of the deathpenalty in Iran. It is unaccept-able to end a life, no matterwhat the justification may be.I am not opposed to punishingcriminals; criminals will continueto be punished until the rootscauses of their crimes areeradicated, but crimes persistand this is neither a desirable,nor an acceptable outcome forsociety""It is difficult for me to see thechildren left behind after theexecution of their mother and/or father. Not only do those childrenlose their parents, but they cannot even talk about them due tosocietal shame. They lose everything, and it remains to be seen whathorrific fate awaits them""The death penalty is violence. As violent as war on a smaller scale.In war, people are killed; people are also killed by the death penalty.In human battles, the violence of the death penalty is worse thanthe killings on the frontlines. I am sorry to say that Iran is one of thefew countries where men and women are executed on multiple andsometimes false, and in my opinion unacceptable, charges. When Iwas imprisoned in Zanjan prison, I was with a woman who has beenwaiting for her stoning sentence for eight years. But because Iran isnot carrying out stoning punishments due to international pressure,they have changed her sentence to execution by hanging. A womanhas to lose her life because of her relationship with a man. ""Do you know what the root cause of this crime was? This woman, likeall Iranian women, has been deprived of the right to divorce. Is thiswoman guilty? In my opinion, the system that brought her here bydepriving her of this right is the guilty party. So this woman has been 8 9 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2020victimised once by not having the right to divorce and victimisedagain in practice, when she was punished for being unable to divorce.She has lost her youth awaiting the gallows. ""While I was in Zanjan Prison, a woman I had lived with, who I saw wasso full of life and desire to live, was executed by hanging. I cannotfathom how the people around her could ignore her intense desire tolive and her pleas not to die, and why they ended her life?""Unfortunately, the laws in Iran have left the door open for theimplementation of unjust executions, including political ones.Political executions began not long after the 1979 revolution and havecontinued throughout the years, but have unfortunately intensifiedduring the nationwide protests of 2009, 2017, 2018 and 2019.I also want to speak of the recent surge in executions in Sistan andBaluchistan, and of the executions of Kurdish activists in Kurdistanbefore that.""The executions of people like Navid Afkari and Ruhollah Zam in thepast year have been the most ambiguous executions in Iran. Thedeath sentence of Ahmadreza Djalali is one of the most erroneoussentences, and the reasons for the issuance of these deathsentences must be carefully examined. These people have beensentenced to death after being held in solitary confinement andsubjected to horrific psychological and mental torture. That is why Ido not consider the judicial process to be fair or just; and neither iskeeping defendants in solitary confinement, forcing them to makeuntrue and false confessions that are used as key evidence in issuingthese sentences. That is why I am particularly worried about therecent arrests in Sistan and Baluchistan and Kurdistan, and I hopethat anti-death penalty organisations will pay special attention tothe detainees, because I fear that we will be facing another wave ofexecutions over the coming year"Narges MohammadiPREFACE"The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights(IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides anassessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2020 in theIslamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2020,the trend compared to previous years, the legislative frameworkand procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthlybreakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offendersexecuted in 2020 are also included in the tables""The report also looks into the abolitionist movement within Iran,including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to limit theuse of the death penalty, the mass online “#don’t execute” campaignstarted organically during the COVID-19 pandemic to save the livesof protesters on death row, and the authorities’ attempt to promotethe death penalty and crackdown on human rights defenders andcivil society."The 2020 report is the result of hard work from IHR members and supporters who took part in the reporting, documenting, collecting, analysing and writing of its content. We are especially grateful to IHR sources inside Iran who, by reporting on unannounced and secret executions in prisons of 26 different provinces, incur a significant risk. Due to the very difficult context, the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations that human rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this report does not give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran by any means. There are reported executions which are not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details or an inability to confirm cases through two different sources. However, it aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possible in the present circumstances.4 The current report does not include suspicious deaths of prisoners or those killed under torture. ECPM supports the elaboration, editing process, publishing and distribution of this report in the framework of its international advocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency of data and information on the death penalty in Iran should be overcome by a strong strategy of distribution and dissemination. The overall objectives of this report for IHR and ECPM 4 See below, section “Sources”. 10 11 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2020 are to bring out and publicise the facts, in order to change national and international views on the situation of the death penalty in Iran, first executioner country in the world.5 5 Per capita. 2020 ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE • At least 267 people were executed in 2020, compared to 280 in 2019 and 273 in 2018 • 91 executions (34%) were announced by official sources. In 2019 and 2018, 84 (30%) and 93 (34%) executions respectively had been announced by the authorities • 66% of all executions included in the 2020 report, i.e. 176 executions, were not announced by the authorities • At least 211 executions (79% of all executions) were for murder charges • At least 25 people (approximately 10%) were executed for drugrelated charges • 1 public execution, the lowest number in the last 15 years • At least 4 juvenile offenders were among those executed • At least 9 women were executed • 2 executions in relation to the nationwide protests • 1 execution based on charges related to running a dissident social media channel • 1 execution for consumption of alcoholic beverages • At least 38 executions in 2020 and more than 3,619 executions since 2010 have been based on death sentences issued by the Revolutionary Courts • At least 662 prisoners sentenced to death for murder charges were forgiven by the families of the murder victims in 2020 (374 in 2019) – a significant increase compared to previous years 12 13 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2020 INTRODUCTION The 13th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, by IHR and ECPM, is being published in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, with Iran being one of the hardest hit countries. This is partly due to the fact that the authorities knowingly denied its presence and refused to implement measures to limit its spread at an early stage. The present report shows that at least 267 people were executed throughout the country in 2020. This is at the same level as in 2018 and 2019, with 273 and 280 executions respectively, demonstrating that the Islamic Republic’s priority has been to continue the executions instead of implementing measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 in prisons. In fact, the ongoing executions may have been a contributing factor in the outbreak of COVID-19 in several prisons. The lack of transparency and mismanagement of the spread of Coronavirus also led to panic and riots in several Iranian prisons. The authorities’ response to the COVID-19 prison riots was to violently repress them and to implement yet more death sentences, with a particular surge being recorded in the Kurdistan region. According to the 2020 report, there was a significant increase in the number of executions in the ethnic regions of Baluchistan and Kurdistan compared to the previous two years. This has continued into 2021, with Baluchi prisoners accounting for one third of all executions as of mid-February. On the launch of this report, IHR and ECPM call for a moratorium in the use of the death penalty in Iran. IHR Director, Mahmood AmiryMoghaddam said: “Iran is one of the few countries that has not reduced its use of the death penalty under the COVID-19 pandemic. We call on Iranian authorities to stop the executions immediately.” ECPM Director Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan added: “We are alarmed at the disproportionate number of ethnic minority executions as evidenced in this report, and call on the international community to pay more attention to the situation in the ethnic regions of Iran.” Like 2019, the majority of the prisoners executed in 2020 were charged with murder and sentenced to qisas (retribution-in-kind). At least 211 people were executed for murder charges in 2020. According to Iranian law, as the plaintiff (victim’s family) have the right to qisas, the State places the responsibility on them to decide whether the defendant should be executed or not. In a unique survey conducted by the GAMAAN Institute for IHR and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) measuring “Iranians’ attitude [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2021-gb-290321-BD.pdf ) [595] => Array ( [objectID] => 15920 [title] => Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2020 [timestamp] => 1620086400 [date] => 04/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our tenth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law. [texte] => "There were 30 confirmed executions for drug offences in 2020, down from 116 in 2019. All of the executions took place in 3 countries (China, Iran and Saudi Arabia)At least 213 people received a death sentence for drug offences in 2020, up from 183 in 2019.Thirty-five countries still retain the death penalty for drug offences.""There are at least 3,000 people currently on death row for drug offences worldwide.Vietnam alone accounted for over a third of all confirmed death sentences for drug offences in 2020.As of October 2020, there were 355 people on death row in Indonesia, of which 214 were convicted for drug offences (a 29% increase from 2019).""Singapore did not carry executions for the first time since 2013.Data on the death penalty for drug offences is grossly insufficient, partly due to a lack of information on executions in China and Vietnam (both are reported to routinely execute people for drug offences).""Harm Reduction International (HRI) is a leadingnon-governmental organisation dedicated toreducing the negative health, social and legalimpacts of drug use and drug policy. We promotethe rights of people who use drugs and theircommunities through research and advocacy tohelp achieve a world where drug policies and lawscontribute to healthier, safer societies.The organisation is an NGO with SpecialConsultative Status with the Economic and SocialCouncil of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2020Ajeng Larasati and Giada Girelli© Harm Reduction International, 2021ISBN 978-1-8380910-6-4Designed by ESCOLAPublished by Harm Reduction International61 Mansell Street, AldgateLondon E1 8ANTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.global4This report would not be possible without data made available or sharedby human rights organisations and individual experts, many of which providedadvice and assistance throughout the drafting process. We would specificallylike to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran,the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), the Bahrain Institute for Rightsand Democracy (BIRD), the European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights(ESOHR), Hands Off Cain, the Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR),Justice Project Pakistan, LBH Masyarakat, Odhikar, Project 39A (National LawUniversity, Delhi), Reprieve and The Rights Practice. We are also indebted toIyad Alqaisi, Fahri Azzat, Ricky Gunawan, Pulasthi Hewamanna, Carolyn Hoyle,Richard Lines, M. Ravi and Tripti Tandon.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction Internationalfor their feedback and support in preparing this report: Gen Sander, CinziaBrentari, Naomi Burke-Shyne, Catherine Cook, Robert Csák, ColleenDaniels, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare, Suchitra Rajagopalan, Emily Rowe,Sam Shirley-Beavan, Olga Szubert and Anne Taiwo. And to Temitope Salami,the dedicated volunteer at Harm Reduction International.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.""Harm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of thedeath penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breakingpublication on this issue in 2007. This report, our tenth on the subject,continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy andpractical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drugoffences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law.The Global Overview 2020 provides an analysis of key developmentsrelated to the death penalty for drug offences in 2020, their potential medium-term and long-term consequences, and the influence of COVID-19on these changes. It will also examine the impact of measures introducedin response to COVID-19 on the right to a fair trial. A special section at theend of the report provides a review of best practices identified by lawyersfor advocating against the death penalty at the national level.Harm Reduction International opposes the death penalty in allcases without exception, regardless of the person accused and theirguilt, the nature of the crime and the method of execution.Introduction56Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug-related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under nationallaws. For the purposes of this report, this definition excludes activitieswhich are not related to the trafficking, manufacturing, possession or use ofcontrolled substances and related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting orabetting a crime).In the 35 states that retain the death penalty for drug offences, capitalpunishment is typically applied for the following offences: cultivation andmanufacturing, and the smuggling, trafficking or importing/exporting of controlled substances. However, in some of these states, the following drugoffences may also be punishable by the death penalty (among others): drugpossession, storing and hiding drugs, financing drug offences, inducing orcoercing others into using drugs. For more information on the drug offencespunishable by death by jurisdiction, see HRI’s legislation table at www.hri.global/death-penalty-2020.HRI’s research on the death penalty for drug offences excludes countrieswhere drug offences are punishable with death only if they involve, or resultin, intentional killing. For example, in Saint Lucia (not included in this report),the only drug-related offence punishable by death is murder committed inconnection with drug trafficking or other drug offences.1The death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishment that can be imposed following a conviction for at least certaincategories of drug offences (without regard to the particular circumstancesof the offence or the offender). Mandatory sentences hamper judicial sentencing discretion, and thus, according to international human rights standards,are inherently arbitrary.""The numbers that have been included in this report are drawn fromand cross-checked against official government reports (where available) andstate-run news agencies, court judgments, non-governmental organisations(NGOs) reports and databases, United Nations (UN) documents, media reports,scholarly articles, and communications with local activists and human rightsadvocates, organisations and groups. Every effort has been taken to minimiseinaccuracies, but there is always the potential for error. HRI welcomes information or additional data not included in this report.Identifying current drug laws and controlled drugs schedules in somecountries can be challenging, due to limited reporting and recording at thenational level, together with language barriers. Some governments make theirlaws available on official websites; others do not. Where it was not possiblefor HRI to independently verify a specific law, the report relies on crediblesecondary sources.With respect to data on death row population, death sentences andexecutions, the margin for error is even greater. In many countries, information about the use of the death penalty is shrouded in secrecy, or opaque atbest. For this reason, many of the figures cited in this report cannot be considered comprehensive, and instead should be read as minimum numbersof confirmed sentences, executions and death row populations, illustrativeof how capital punishment is carried out for drug offences. Real numbers arehigher, in some cases significantly. Where information is incomplete, attemptswere made to identify additional sources. In some cases, information differsacross sources due to this lack of transparency. In these cases, HRI has madea judgment based on available evidence.When the symbol ‘+’ is found next to a number, it means that the reportedfigure refers to the minimum confirmed number, but according to crediblereports the actual figure is likely to be higher. Global and yearly figures are calculated by using the minimum confirmed figures." [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2021/04/07/HRI_Death_Penalty_Report_2020_FINAL.pdf ) [596] => Array ( [objectID] => 15888 [title] => Adoption of Bill Allowing the Imposition of the Death Penalty for a New Crime. [timestamp] => 1619740800 [date] => 30/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adoption-of-bill-allowing-the-imposition-of-the-death-penalty-for-a-new-crime/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/philippines-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Philippine House Bill No. 7814 provides the death penalty for a new crime under the 2002 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act. [texte] => Philippine House Bill No. 7814 provides the death penalty for a new crime under the 2002 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act. (more…) "Adoption of Bill Allowing the Imposition of the Death Penalty for a New Crime." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [597] => Array ( [objectID] => 15877 [title] => SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR) [timestamp] => 1619740800 [date] => 30/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/salam-dhr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/SalamDHR-Logo-500x262.jpg [extrait] => SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR) is an NGO that endeavors to preserve universal principles of dignity and respect by shielding democracy and human rights. SALAM DHR conducts monitoring and analysis, produces reports, develops recommendations on policy and legislation, organizes advocacy campaigns, conducts trainings, and builds effective coalitions. SALAM DHR is actively involved […] [texte] => SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR) is an NGO that endeavors to preserve universal principles of dignity and respect by shielding democracy and human rights. SALAM DHR conducts monitoring and analysis, produces reports, develops recommendations on policy and legislation, organizes advocacy campaigns, conducts trainings, and builds effective coalitions. SALAM DHR is actively involved in international cooperation for human rights and democracy, including the production of alternative reports on key human rights topics, coordinating coalitions, lobbying for reform of flawed institutions, and articulating NGO positions at the UN Human Rights Council, the European Parliament, and various domestic bodies.For example, in the past three years, SALAM DHR has conducted the following activities and campaigns to abolish the death penalty:1) Publishing reports on death penalty in Bahrain in regular basis2) Issuing joint statements on death penalty in Bahrain in different occasions3) Recently signed a joint open appeal letter to King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Kingdom of Bahrain to commute the death sentences in Bahrain4) We are in direct contact with OHCHR, The Special Rapporteur and working groups on extrajudicial killing, and Human Rights Council member to update them in all issues related to death penalty in Bahrain5) Engaged in sides events and delivered oral intervention on death penalty in Human Rights Council sessions6) Lobbying for the abolition of the death sentence in Bahrain and the Middle East on the local, regional and international level7) Raising awareness against the use of the Death Penalty in the Media. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [598] => Array ( [objectID] => 15866 [title] => Kosovo [timestamp] => 1619395200 [date] => 26/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kosovo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [599] => Array ( [objectID] => 21546 [title] => Co-Sponsorship, Note Verbale, and Association Behaviour at the Unga: An Analysis of the Death Penalty Moratorium Resolutions [timestamp] => 1619049600 [date] => 22/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/co-sponsorship-note-verbale-and-association-behaviour-at-the-unga-an-analysis-of-the-death-penalty-moratorium-resolutions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since December 2007, seven resolutions in favour of a universal moratorium on death penalty executions have been adopted by the UN General Assembly. In an earlier paper (Pascoe and Bae 2020) we examined UN member states’ voting patterns over these seven resolutions, asking why some countries vote in a manner seemingly contradictory to their domestic death penalty practices. With a slightly different focus, we now further explore idiosyncratic state behaviour, this time through an analysis of co-sponsorship and the note verbale of dissociation. Our assumption is that states which plan to vote 'yes' in the plenary will also co-sponsor the resolution beforehand. We also presume that states which vote 'no' in the plenary will sign the note verbale invariably circulated several months later, as a further means of condemnation.However, when it comes to the moratorium resolutions, not all member states fit into either of these binary categories. Many countries situate themselves in between the two groups of ‘genuine’ supporters and opponents. These countries in the middle evince inconsistency between their plenary votes and what we term their ‘association behaviour’ before or after the plenary, consisting of co-sponsorship and adherence to the note verbale. This paper analyses these groups of countries to determine the underlying causes for their ambivalent, or even contradictory, positions concerning the moratorium resolutions. The findings of this research stand to enrich not only the academic literature on international organizations, but also to inform the campaigning efforts of abolitionist UN member states and non-governmental organizations. [texte] => CO-SPONSORSHIP, NOTE VERBALE, AND ASSOCIATIONBEHAVIOUR AT THE UNGA:AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH PENALTY MORATORIUMRESOLUTIONSDANIEL PASCOE* AND SANGMIN BAE*** Associate Professor of Law, City University of Hong Kong dcpascoe@cityu.edu.hk** Professor of Political Science, Northeastern Illinois University sbae@neiu.eduTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS, FORTHCOMING 2021ABSTRACTSince December 2007, seven resolutions in favour of a universal moratorium on death penaltyexecutions have been adopted by the UN General Assembly. In an earlier paper (Pascoe and Bae2020) we examined UN member states’ voting patterns over these seven resolutions, asking whysome countries vote in a manner seemingly contradictory to their domestic death penalty practices.With a slightly different focus, we now further explore idiosyncratic state behaviour, this timethrough an analysis of co-sponsorship and the note verbale of dissociation. Our assumption is thatstates which plan to vote 'yes' in the plenary will also co-sponsor the resolution beforehand. Wealso presume that states which vote 'no' in the plenary will sign the note verbale invariablycirculated several months later, as a further means of condemnation.However, when it comes to the moratorium resolutions, not all member states fit into either ofthese binary categories. Many countries situate themselves in between the two groups of ‘genuine’supporters and opponents. These countries in the middle evince inconsistency between theirplenary votes and what we term their ‘association behaviour’ before or after the plenary, consistingof co-sponsorship and adherence to the note verbale. This paper analyses these groups of countriesto determine the underlying causes for their ambivalent, or even contradictory, positionsconcerning the moratorium resolutions. The findings of this research stand to enrich not only theacademic literature on international organizations, but also to inform the campaigning efforts ofabolitionist UN member states and non-governmental organizations.KEYWORDSUnited Nations General Assembly, Human Rights, Death Penalty, Co-Sponsorship, Note VerbaleFUNDINGThis research was funded by a School of Law Matching Grant, City University of Hong KongETHICSThis research received ethical approval from City University of Hong Kong Research Grants &Contracts Office (Application H001635, Approval 26 March 2018)Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317002CO-SPONSORSHIP, NOTE VERBALE, AND ASSOCIATIONBEHAVIOUR AT THE UNGA:AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH PENALTY MORATORIUMRESOLUTIONS1. INTRODUCTION AND THE EMPIRICAL PUZZLEIn December 2007, an historic resolution in favour of a universal moratorium on death penaltyexecutions was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The resolution calledon all member states which still retained the death penalty to observe a moratorium on executionswith a view to completely abolishing the death penalty. Since then, six consecutive resolutionshave been adopted, thereby totalling seven such resolutions thus far (adopted in 2007; 2008; 2010;2012; 2014; 2016; 2018).1 In an earlier paper we examined UN member states’ voting patternsover these seven moratorium resolutions, asking why some countries vote in a manner differentfrom their domestic practices. After analysing individual cases that did not fit the conventionalexpectation that countries having abolished the death penalty would vote in favour and thoseretaining it would vote against, we aimed to discern and explain patterns in the idiosyncratic votingmotivations of countries.2Related but with a different focus, we now seek to further explore state behaviour regarding themoratorium resolutions, this time through an analysis of co-sponsorship and the note verbale ofdissociation. A proposed resolution in the UNGA is initially drafted by one or more member states.The state initiating and drafting a resolution is typically the lead ‘sponsor’ of the resolution andpresents the resolution to the relevant standing committee for discussion,3 in this case the ThirdCommittee, dealing with human rights, humanitarian, and social matters. After it has been drafted,other member states can express their support for the resolution by signing an official co-sponsorform or, latterly, by subscribing as a co-sponsor through the UN’s electronic voting system.4 Thebulk of co-sponsorship takes place in the months prior to the plenary vote (i.e. October-November),both before and after negotiation over content at the committee stage.5 If the committee approvesthe draft resolution by a majority vote, the plenary vote will proceed towards the end of the UNGAsession in December, with the moratorium resolution tabled on a biennial basis since 2008.Although the vast majority of resolutions are adopted by consensus without a vote, the deathpenalty moratorium resolution is one of the more contentious on the UNGA’s agenda, with itscontent, co-sponsorship and plenary support being fiercely fought over each time.Following each of the seven successful plenary votes so far, another group of countries have furtherproceeded to sign a third person diplomatic note reiterating their opposition to the moratoriumresolution, called a note verbale of dissociation. The note verbale, in the form of an open letteraddressed to the UN Secretary-General, has appeared between one to nine months after everysuccessful plenary vote. The first two notes were jointly circulated by the signatories to the UNSecretary-General in 2008 and 2009, whereas the subsequent iterations from 2011, 2013, 2015,2017 and 2019 were circulated by the Permanent Representative of Egypt.6Table 1 and Chart 1 present the total number of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ votes cast over each of the sevenmoratorium resolutions to date, along with the number of countries that co-sponsored eachresolution and the number of countries that signed the note verbale of dissociation. While theElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317003number of co-sponsoring countries has remained relatively steady over the years (falling slightlyfrom 86 in 2007 to 83 in 2018), the number of countries signing the note has declined sharply overthe same time period (58 in 2007 to 30 in 2018), concomitant with the reduced number of votesagainst the resolution at the plenary stage (54 in 2007 to 35 in 2018). For the first four resolutions(2007; 2008; 2010; 2012), the number of countries that signed the note actually surpassed thenumber of countries that voted against the resolution, but this has changed since the 2014resolution, where the number of the note verbale signatories became fewer than the number of ‘no’votes.Table 1: UNGA Moratorium Resolution Votes, Co-Sponsorship, Note Verbale, 2007-2018Resolution(Vote Date)Yes No Co-Sponsorship Note VerbaleA/RES/62/149(18 Dec 2007)104 54 86 58A/RES/63/168(18 Dec 2008)106 46 89 53A/RES/65/206(21 Dec 2010)109 41 79 53A/RES/67/176(20 Dec 2012)111 41 82 47A/RES/69/186(18 Dec 2014)117 37 95 27A/RES/71/187(19 Dec 2016)117 40 89 32A/RES/73/175(17 Dec 2018)121 35 83 30Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317004Chart 1: UNGA Moratorium Resolution Votes, Co-Sponsorship, Note Verbale, 2007-2018A Spectrum of SupportUNGA resolutions, including the death penalty moratorium resolutions, are supported or opposedby member states with varying degrees of enthusiasm. At one end of the spectrum is the ‘genuine’supporting group. Although commentators have identified several further gradations of support forthe resolutions among prospective co-sponsors,7 at a basic level the ‘genuine’ supporting groupare the countries that co-sponsor a draft resolution and vote in favour of the resolution in theplenary.8 A prominent example are the many EU member states who explicitly and repeatedlydeclare that they seek to promote human rights issues within the UN system. They oftencollectively draft, co-sponsor and vote in favour of resolutions pertaining to human rights matters,including the death penalty moratorium resolutions. 9 However, notwithstanding Europeanleadership on the moratorium resolutions, the group of ‘genuine’ supporters is truly global in termsof representation, and includes many non-European states. Latin American countries areparticularly prominent within the co-sponsorship group, despite several being classified byAmnesty International as ‘abolitionist for ordinary crimes only’, because they retain capitalpunishment for wartime offences or treason (e.g. Brazil and Chile during all seven votes, andBolivia from 2007 to 2012).10 Each year, between 70-80 percent of countries that voted in favourof the resolution also participated in co-sponsorship. Our first default assumption is therefore thatcountries which plan to vote in favour of the resolution will also co-sponsor, as ‘genuine’supporters.At the opposite end of the spectrum are those countries that have voted against each resolution andhave also signed the note verbale of dissociation to formally express their opposition. In the caseof the moratorium resolutions, Egypt, Singapore and Saudi Arabia are invariably the most vocalopponents,11 with Iran, Botswana and Barbados also expressing strong opposition with the earlier0102030405060708090100110120130UNGA Moratorium Resolutions 2007-2018Yes No Co-Sponsorship Note VerbaleElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317005iterations of the note.12 Emphasising ‘the sovereign right of all countries to develop their own legalsystem,’ these nations have drafted and circulated the note in the months after a new moratoriumresolution has passed, reaffirming their strong opposition to any ‘attempt to create a universaldecision’ on the application of the death penalty, which is for them ‘first and foremost an issue ofthe criminal justice system’ rather than a human rights issue.13 Given the large number of stateswhich initially signed the note when it was first circulated in 2008 and 2009, our second defaultpresumption is tha [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3831700 ) [600] => Array ( [objectID] => 15800 [title] => Armenia ratifies international treaty for irreversible abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1616630400 [date] => 25/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/armenia-ratifies-international-treaty-for-irreversible-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/armenia-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Armenia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR on 18 March 2021. [texte] => Armenia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR on 18 March 2021. (more…) "Armenia ratifies international treaty for irreversible abolition of the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [601] => Array ( [objectID] => 15786 [title] => The Commonwealth of Virginia Abolishes the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1616630400 [date] => 25/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-commonwealth-of-virginia-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/virginia-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Virginia became the 23rd US State to formally ban capital punishment on 24 March 2021. [texte] => Virginia became the 23rd US State to formally ban capital punishment on 24 March 2021. (more…) "The Commonwealth of Virginia Abolishes the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [602] => Array ( [objectID] => 15646 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Waray) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-waray/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_waray_V2_basse-definition.pdf ) [603] => Array ( [objectID] => 15645 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Tausug) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-tausug/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_tausug_V2-BD.pdf ) [604] => Array ( [objectID] => 15644 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Tagalog) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-tagalog/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_TAGALOG_V3-basse-def.pdf ) [605] => Array ( [objectID] => 15643 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Pangasinense) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-pangasinense/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_PANGASINENSE_V3_basse-def.pdf ) [606] => Array ( [objectID] => 15642 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Marano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-maranao/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_MARANAO_V1-BD.pdf ) [607] => Array ( [objectID] => 15641 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Kapampangan) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-kapampangan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_Kapampangan_V2-basse-def.pdf ) [608] => Array ( [objectID] => 15640 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Ilokano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-ilokano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_ILOKANO_V1-BD.pdf ) [609] => Array ( [objectID] => 15638 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Hiligaynon) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-hiligaynon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_HILIGAYNON_V1.pdf ) [610] => Array ( [objectID] => 15633 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (English) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-english/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_EN_V4-basse-def.pdf ) [611] => Array ( [objectID] => 15631 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Cebuano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-cebuano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_CEBUANO_V2.pdf ) [612] => Array ( [objectID] => 15534 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Bicolano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-bicolano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_BICOLANO_V1-BD.pdf ) [613] => Array ( [objectID] => 15777 [title] => Recapping the UN Crime Congress in Kyoto [timestamp] => 1615766400 [date] => 15/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recapping-the-un-crime-congress-in-kyoto/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/14-United-Nations-Congress-on-Crime-Prevention-and-Criminal-Justice-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice was held in Kyoto, Japan from 7 to 12 March 2021. [texte] => The United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice was held in Kyoto, Japan from 7 to 12 March 2021. (more…) "Recapping the UN Crime Congress in Kyoto" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [614] => Array ( [objectID] => 15763 [title] => Widespread and systematic violations of human rights in Iran [timestamp] => 1615507200 [date] => 12/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/widespread-and-systematic-violations-of-human-rights-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/members-logo-statement-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Joint letter sent to Member states of the United Nations Human Rights Council on 12 March 2021 [texte] => Joint letter sent to Member states of the United Nations Human Rights Council on 12 March 2021 (more…) "Widespread and systematic violations of human rights in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [615] => Array ( [objectID] => 15747 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty must be an integral part of crime prevention programmes and criminal justice reforms [timestamp] => 1614902400 [date] => 05/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-must-be-an-integral-part-of-crime-prevention-programmes-and-criminal-justice-reforms/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => As the Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice is about to begin in Kyoto, Japan, the undersigned organizations urge the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and its subsidiary bodies, including the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); and all UN member states, including the Congress host country Japan, to make […] [texte] => As the Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice is about to begin in Kyoto, Japan, the undersigned organizations urge the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and its subsidiary bodies, including the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); and all UN member states, including the Congress host country Japan, to make abolition of the death penalty an integral component of programmes to prevent crime and improve criminal justice systems globally. (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty must be an integral part of crime prevention programmes and criminal justice reforms" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [616] => Array ( [objectID] => 15739 [title] => UN High Level Panel on the Death Penalty and Deterrence [timestamp] => 1614211200 [date] => 25/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-high-level-panel-on-the-death-penalty-and-deterrence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The UN Biennial High Level Panel on the Death penalty focused on the deterrent effect capital punishment has on crime. Representatives from member states, NGOs and NHRIs made statements to the high level panel discussing the deterrent theory. [texte] => The UN Biennial High Level Panel on the Death penalty focused on the deterrent effect capital punishment has on crime. Representatives from member states, NGOs and NHRIs made statements to the high level panel discussing the deterrent theory. (more…) "UN High Level Panel on the Death Penalty and Deterrence" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [617] => Array ( [objectID] => 15724 [title] => The Flaws of Deterrence Theory for Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1614038400 [date] => 23/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-flaws-of-deterrence-theory-for-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Joint Oral Statement delivered during the United Nations 46th Human Rights Council Biennial high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty. [texte] => Joint Oral Statement delivered during the United Nations 46th Human Rights Council Biennial high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty. (more…) "The Flaws of Deterrence Theory for Capital Punishment" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [618] => Array ( [objectID] => 15709 [title] => Pakistan’s Supreme Court Repeals Death Penalty for people with intellectual disability [timestamp] => 1612915200 [date] => 10/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pakistans-supreme-court-repeals-death-penalty-for-people-with-intellectual-disability/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pakistan-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => By commuting two death sentences, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that capital punishment cannot be carried out to people with serious mental health issues. [texte] => By commuting two death sentences, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that capital punishment cannot be carried out to people with serious mental health issues. (more…) "Pakistan’s Supreme Court Repeals Death Penalty for people with intellectual disability" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [619] => Array ( [objectID] => 14455 [title] => Calling Upon the Council of Paris to Overhaul Bahrain-Owned Paris FC’s Subsidy [timestamp] => 1612483200 [date] => 05/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-upon-the-council-of-paris-to-overhaul-partnership-with-bahrain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/flag-bahrain-500x250.jpg [extrait] => This Tuesday, on February 2, 2021, the Council of Paris will announce its position on the renewal of the yearly €500,000 subvention allocated to the Paris FC. [texte] => This Tuesday, on February 2, 2021, the Council of Paris will announce its position on the renewal of the yearly €500,000 subvention allocated to the Paris FC. (more…) "Calling Upon the Council of Paris to Overhaul Bahrain-Owned Paris FC’s Subsidy" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [620] => Array ( [objectID] => 14213 [title] => 246 People Removed from Death Rows in Zambia [timestamp] => 1611878400 [date] => 29/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/246-people-removed-from-death-rows-in-zambia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/flag-zambia-500x250.jpg [extrait] => President Edgar Lungo announced, on 27 January 2021, that 246 death sentences had been commuted into life, a more than welcome decision that has brought the overall number of commutations to over 500 since 2015. [texte] => President Edgar Lungo announced, on 27 January 2021, that 246 death sentences had been commuted into life, a more than welcome decision that has brought the overall number of commutations to over 500 since 2015. (more…) "246 People Removed from Death Rows in Zambia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [621] => Array ( [objectID] => 14196 [title] => How Business May Contribute to Universal Abolition [timestamp] => 1611878400 [date] => 29/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-business-may-contribute-to-universal-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Business-and-Universal-Abolition-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have long been at the forefront of the movement for human dignity, as the main, highly-specialized – and sometimes isolated– champions for social justice. However, a new generation of advocates from the private sector, whose primary center of interest or area of expertise seems disconnected from international human rights standards, has been […] [texte] => Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have long been at the forefront of the movement for human dignity, as the main, highly-specialized – and sometimes isolated– champions for social justice. However, a new generation of advocates from the private sector, whose primary center of interest or area of expertise seems disconnected from international human rights standards, has been expressing serious hopes for a fairer global society. (more…) "How Business May Contribute to Universal Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [622] => Array ( [objectID] => 14156 [title] => Let the Lord Sort Them. The Rise and Fall of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1611705600 [date] => 27/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/let-the-lord-sort-them-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Maurice Chammah (The Marshall Project) explores the rise and fall of capital punishment in Texas where it appears to durably decline in spite of the state's long use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/554923/let-the-lord-sort-them-by-maurice-chammah/ ) [623] => Array ( [objectID] => 13822 [title] => Resolution 75/183 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1610409600 [date] => 12/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-75-183-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2020 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/75/478/Add.2, para. 89) 75/183. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/183 ) [624] => Array ( [objectID] => 13811 [title] => Liechtenstein [timestamp] => 1610064000 [date] => 08/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/liechtenstein/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liechtenstein ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [625] => Array ( [objectID] => 13789 [title] => Tuvalu [timestamp] => 1610064000 [date] => 08/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/tuvalu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tuvalu ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [626] => Array ( [objectID] => 13778 [title] => Niue [timestamp] => 1610064000 [date] => 08/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/niue/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niue ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [627] => Array ( [objectID] => 12973 [title] => DPIC’s Report on the 2020 Death Penalty Usage in the US [timestamp] => 1609891200 [date] => 06/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dpics-report-on-the-2020-death-penalty-usage-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/DPIC_YearEndReport_2020-500x250.jpg [extrait] => TheDeath Penalty Information Center’s 2020 annual report highlights the continuing trend toward abolition in the US and the resumption of federal executions in a challenging COVID-19 context. [texte] => TheDeath Penalty Information Center’s 2020 annual report highlights the continuing trend toward abolition in the US and the resumption of federal executions in a challenging COVID-19 context. (more…) "DPIC’s Report on the 2020 Death Penalty Usage in the US" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [628] => Array ( [objectID] => 13013 [title] => Statement on the Adoption of the 8th UN General Assembly Resolution for a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1608163200 [date] => 17/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-the-adoption-of-the-8th-un-general-assembly-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Moratorium_PlenarySession_Vote-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty warmly congratulates the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on the adoption of Resolution A/RES/75/183 for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, which was adopted by a great majority of 123 UN Member States on 16 December 2020. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty warmly congratulates the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on the adoption of Resolution A/RES/75/183 for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, which was adopted by a great majority of 123 UN Member States on 16 December 2020. (more…) "Statement on the Adoption of the 8th UN General Assembly Resolution for a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [629] => Array ( [objectID] => 18484 [title] => Sentenced to Death Without Execution [timestamp] => 1607990400 [date] => 15/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-death-without-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This research is a contribution towards understanding why six small, independent island nations in the Eastern Caribbean – Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent and the Grenadines, all members of the OECS – and the neighbouring island of Barbados retain the death penalty in their criminal statutes, and yet have not executed anyone sentenced to death for a very long time. With the exception of St Kitts and Nevis, where an execution took place in 2008, no-one has been judicially executed in any of the other countries for more than 20 years – and in Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia and Barbados for more than 30 years. Furthermore, death sentences have been imposed within the past 10 years only in St Lucia and Barbados, and in four of these seven nations no-one is under sentence of death on ‘death row’ at the time of writing.The questions posed by this publication are: why do these countries hang on to capital punishment and what are the barriers and hindrances to the complete abolition of capital punishment by these nations [texte] => Sentenced to Death Without ExecutionWhy capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and BarbadosThe views of opinion formersRoger Hood and Florence Seemungalwith the assistance of Amaya Athill© 2020 The authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of The Death Penalty Project and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Copies of this report may be obtained from: The Death Penalty Project 87-91 Newman Street LondonW1T 3EY ISBN: 978-1-9996417-5-7This report was made possible by grants to The Death Penalty Project from the European Union (European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights) and the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office Magna Carta Fund. AcknowledgementsThis study was commissioned by The Death Penalty Project, and funded by the European Union (European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights) and the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office. It seeks to provide new empirical evidence concerning the opinions of informed, influential citizens towards the retention or abolition of the death penalty in six member states of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and Barbados. The study has been carried out as part of a larger collaborative project funded by the European Union and undertaken by The Death Penalty Project; the Faculty of Law at the University of the West Indies (Cave Hill); local organisations Greater Caribbean for Life and the St Vincent and the Grenadines Human Rights Association; and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Our colleagues in each country played a very important part in selecting people who might agree to be interviewed. We were helped greatly by Dr David Berry, Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of the West Indies, who kindly wrote to these potential participants to explain the purpose of the project, introduce the research team, and make sure everyone was satisfied by a strong guarantee of confidentiality. We are most grateful to them all and to every one of the 100 respondents who generously agreed to give us the benefit of their views on this important issue.We are especially grateful to Amaya M Athill, LLM, attorney-at-law, for her assistance. She carried out 50 of the 100 interviews for this study with exemplary efficiency, grace and care. Dr Florence Seemungal was responsible for the control and conduct of the fieldwork, carrying out the other 50 interviews, coding the responses, and entering the data into an SPSS file. With thanks to Saul Lehrfreund and Parvais Jabbar for appointing us as their consultants once again, and especially to Oskar Butcher and Annette So, at The Death Penalty Project, for the support they have so willingly and expertly provided throughout the conduct of this study. Thanks also to my colleague Professor Carolyn Hoyle for reading the text so closely and for providing wise advice.Roger Hood and Florence SeemungalOxford, December 2019ContentsFOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 7EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 11PART ONE: Introduction ............................................................................................... 15PART TWO: Methodology ............................................................................................. 191. The Informants ......................................................................................................................... 202. The Questionnaire..................................................................................................................... 20PART THREE: The Findings.......................................................................................... 231. In favour of retention or in favour of abolition?........................................................................ 242. Extent of knowledge................................................................................................................. 253. Reasons for favouring retention................................................................................................ 274. Reasons for favouring abolition ................................................................................................ 285. Strength of feelings on the issue: how strong a barrier to abolition?......................................... 296. Opinions on why the death penalty has not been abolished ..................................................... 347. How could progress towards abolition be achieved?................................................................. 368. Why not follow the international trend?................................................................................... 37PART FOUR: Conclusions and Implications of The Findings........................................... 41APPENDIX ONE: Facts about the Scope and Implementation of the Death Penalty in their Own Country...... 47APPENDIX TWO: Sample Questionnaire (Grenada)...................................................................................... 51ABOUT THE AUTHORS.............................................................................................. 63Foreword Over the past three decades, enormous strides have been made towards the goal, first adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1971, of achieving the universal abolition of the death penalty.1 At present, only 36 (18%) of the 196 member states are regarded as active retentionists, having carried out an execution within the past 10 years, although in 2018 only 21 did so. In addition to the 114 countries that have abolished the death penalty in law (106 of them completely in all circumstances and eight for all common crimes in peacetime), another 46 are regarded by the United Nations as abolitionist de facto, having carried out no executions for at least 10 years. Twenty-eight of these countries are classified as ‘abolitionist in practice’ by Amnesty International on the grounds that they have made a clear commitment not to resume executions, although it is notable that half of them did impose a death sentence in 2018. According to Amnesty’s report for that year, 55 countries passed at least one death sentence. It is clear, therefore, that the goal of total abolition throughout the world will be achieved sooner if more countries that have ceased executions, but still retain the death penalty in law – and sometimes impose death sentences – can be convinced to abolish the death penalty completely. Hopefully, the research reported here, which aims to investigate why the six countries of the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados have been so reluctant to move from abolition to complete abolition, will contribute to this development. Political progress towards abolition has been notably absent in Caribbean countries, but judicial restrictions on the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty have precipitated the gradual decline in the use of capital punishment since since the landmark judgment of the Privy Council in Pratt v Attorney General of Jamaica in 1993. Today, death sentences are rarely imposed, and death rows remain largely empty. Nine of the 12 Commonwealth Caribbean countries (including all jurisdictions addressed in this study, except for Barbados) have nobody, or only one prisoner, on death row. In Barbados, the 10 prisoners still under sentence of death are currently awaiting resentencing following the 2018 Caribbean Court of Justice ruling, which found the mandatory death penalty to be unconstitutional there.2Across the Caribbean region, executions are extremely rare. The last execution was carried out in St Kitts and Nevis in 2008, when Charles Laplace was hanged in controversial circumstances before he had exhausted the appellate process and where there were unaddressed mental health concerns. Aside from this isolated case, no executions have been carried out in any of the Eastern Caribbean States for more than 20 years. More than 30 years have elapsed since the last execution was carried out in Barbados, Dominica, Grenada or St Lucia. A regional status quo has emerged, whereby the death penalty remains on the statute books but is hardly ever imposed and executions almost never carried out. There is little evidence of a willingness by governments to question this policy: indeed, until very recently, quite the reverse. However, recent developments at an international level indicate that attitudes may be shifting. At the United Nations General Assembly in December 2018, Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda lifted their historical opposition to the 7th Resolution calling for a universal moratorium on executions, voting for the first time to support and abstain from the resolution respectively. With the exception of St Kitts and Nevis, all countries included in this study have signed and/or ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and thus have a clear responsibility to move towards the complete 1 For an updated account and analysis of UN policy see CCPR General Comment No 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the right to life. (CCPR/C/GC/36/Rev.4) para 50. 2Nervais and Severin v The Queen, [2018] CCJ 19 (AJ).78eradication of the death penalty. The ICCPR provides no justification for states merely to pursue a policy aimed at restricting the use of capital punishment, as has been the practice in many Caribbean states. They need to do more than limit the death penalty, and the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Barbados [2] => Dominica [3] => Grenada [4] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [5] => Saint Lucia [6] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2809872v1_wsdocs_-sentencing-to-death-without-execution-2020.pdf ) [630] => Array ( [objectID] => 18476 [title] => Abolition of the Death Penalty in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados [timestamp] => 1607990400 [date] => 15/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Greater Caribbean for Life has launched its educational toolkit to assist activists and organisations as they work toward abolishing the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean. The production of this toolkit forms part of GCL’s activities under its EU partnered project to educate on death penalty abolition in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados.The launch of the toolkit is timely as a few of these target countries recently voted against adopting the UN Moratorium on the use of the death penalty and countries that had previously chosen to abstain have now firmly voted against the resolution. GCL members condemn the rise of violent crime in our region and express solidarity and compassion with the victims of crime, however, we reject the notion that capital punishment will act as a deterrent or foster respect for life in our communities.It is our hope that this toolkit will assist in promoting respect for the right to life for all human beings in the Caribbean region. [texte] => 22An Abolitionist Organising ToolkitWHO WE ARE 3Greater Caribbean for Life 4Our Mission 4Our Objectives 4GLOSSARY OF TERMS 5HOW TO USE THIS TOOLKIT 7SECTION ONE 9History of the Death Penalty in the English Speaking Caribbean 9Death Penalty Laws 10Death Penalty Statistics 11Why Isn’t the Death Penalty being used in the English Speaking Caribbean? 11SECTION TWO 16Report Findings 17SECTION THREE 19International Human Rights Instruments 19Regional Human Rights Instruments 22The Case Law: Inter-American Court of Human Rights 26Case 26Year and Country 26Court 26Principle 26DaCosta Cadogan v. Barbados[5] 26The Inter-American Commission Report on the Death Penalty 27SECTION FOUR 32What is the Goal? 32Ways to Mobilise 33Public Outreach 36SECTION FIVE 42Notes: 433344WHO WE AREGreater Caribbean for LifeGreater Caribbean for Life / Gran Caribe por la Vida was constituted in 2013 in Trinidad and Tobago by Caribbean organisations and activists with the purpose of campaigning for and working towards the complete abolition of the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean and supporting Caribbean abolitionist activists and organizations in the region [Mexico, Central America, The Caribbean Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guyanas] and collaborating with the international abolitionist community. Our MissionThe Greater Caribbean for Life aims at campaigning for and working towards the permanent abolition of the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean; supporting Caribbean abolitionist activists and organizations in this Region; and collaborating with the international abolitionist community.Our Objectives• Spearhead the lobbying efforts to convince Caribbean decision-makers to abolish the death penalty• Build the grassroots struggle in the region by encouraging activism• Campaign and educate the wider Caribbean public about the need to abolish the death penalty• Support Caribbean activists with all the tools, information and strategies necessary to campaign for abolition• Cooperate with and take part in the international campaigning efforts against the death penalty55GLOSSARY OF TERMSABOLITIONIST FOR ALL CRIMES Countries whose laws do not provide for the death penalty for any crime.ABOLITIONIST FOR ORDINARY CRIMESCountries whose laws provide for the death penalty only for exceptional crimes, such as crimes under military law or during war.ABOLITIONIST IN PRACTICE Countries which retain the death penalty in law for ordinary crimes but have not executed anyone during the past 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.RETENTIONIST Countries that retain the death penalty in law for ordinary crimes, such as murder, in times of peace and do not meet criteria for “abolitionist in practice”.CLEMENCY An act showing mercy or leniency, usually by the executive, by lessening or even completely eradicating a sentence; used as a general term covering both commutations and pardons.COMMUTATION The death sentence is replaced by a less severe punishment, such as a term of imprisonment, often by the judiciary on appeal, but sometimes also by the executive.66GREATER CARIBBEAN The Greater Caribbean, also known as the Caribbean Basin, is composed of 25 countries. It includes 13 Caribbean islands, the Caribbean states of South America, and the countries of Central America and Mexico (in addition to Puerto Rico, and the US, British, Dutch and French Caribbean territories).PARDON The convicted person is completely exempted from further punishment; this can be granted for a variety of reasons, usually by the executive such as the head of state or government, or in some cases by clemency boards which have been given final authority.EXONERATION After sentencing and the conclusion of the appeals process, the convicted person is later freed from blame or acquitted of the original criminal charge, and therefore is regarded as innocent in the eyes of the law.MOST SERIOUS CRIMES The only category of crimes to which the use of the death penalty must be restricted to under international law. International bodies have interpreted this as being limited to crimes involving intentional killing.MORATORIUM ON EXECUTIONS / ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYA public commitment made by the highest authorities or courts, which officially suspends the carrying out of death sentences, or even imposition of the death penalty as such; this should not be confused with a period of time where executions have in fact not been carried out.77HOW TO USE THIS TOOLKITThis toolkit is for YOU - an activist who is working or who is interested in working on the abolition of the death penalty in the Caribbean. It is intended to equip you with some key advocacy tools to effectively influence the institutions and individuals who can make abolition a reality. We know this topic can be heavy and hard. Our goal is to ensure you have all of the relevant information at your fingertips. This toolkit is not intended to be an exhaustive guide. Activism on the abolition of the death penalty in the Englishspeaking Caribbean has a long history, and new challenges and opportunities continue to arise. The toolkit is divided into five sections.SECTION ONE:DEATH PENALTY ACROSS THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEANSets out the history and development of the mandatory death penalty in our target Caribbean Countries. SECTION TWO:WHAT DO PEOPLE IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN THINK OF THE DEATH PENALTY?Highlights the main points from the Death Penalty Project UK’s study “Sentenced to Death Without Execution: Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados”SECTION THREE:DEATH PENALTY IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAWSets out the international law framework around the death penalty and the relationship between Caribbean countries and the international and regional human rights instruments.88SECTION FOURTOOLS TO COMBAT THE DEATH PENALTYFocuses on some practical approaches to carrying out advocacy at national and regional levels. This provides key tools, suggestions and tips for advocacy that can be used to strengthen and broaden work against the death penalty.SECTION FIVEADDITIONAL RESOURCESHighlights links with other organizations, groups and websites with key information, suggestions and guidance for campaigns for abolition. 99SECTION ONEThis toolkit focuses on 7 countries within the English-Speaking Caribbean, namely:Antigua and BarbudaBarbadosDominicaGrenada St. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesThe focus on these countries is intentional as these nations retain the death penalty in their legislation and form part of GCL’s collaborative project with the European Union to advance abolition efforts.History of the Death Penalty in the English-Speaking CaribbeanThe imposition in the Caribbean of the mandatory sentence of death by hanging as a punishment for murder is a legacy of British colonialism which has been incorporated into our relevant criminal codes and statutes.Subsequent to the wave of Independence in the Caribbean, legal challenges to the mandatory death penalty began to arise by way of challenges to its constitutional validity. As a result, the development of the thinking around the imposition, moralities, 1010and practicalities of the death penalty has been extensively undertaken by variouslevels of the Caribbean court system (as we will discuss further below). Therefore, a body of case law has developed which has restricted both the use of the mandatory death sentence and carrying out of an execution. Despite this, developments in our jurisprudence on the issue of mandatory death penalty, the codification of the mandatory death sentence in murder cases remains largely unchanged in our criminal codes and legislation in our target English speaking Caribbean countries.Death Penalty LawsThe table below is a guide to where the death penalty is codified in law in the target English speaking Caribbean countries.Country Code/Legislation Section WordingAntigua and BarbudaOffences against the Person ActSection 2 - Murder Whosoever is convicted of murder shall suffer death as a felon. Barbados Offences against the Person Act Section 2 -Punishment for MurderAny person convicted of murder shall be sentenced to, and suffer, death.*Note: The Barbados Constitutional Amendment Act 2019has now made the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional Dominica Offences against the Person ActSection 2 - Murder Any person who is convicted of murder shall suffer the penalty of death.Grenada Criminal Code Section XVIII -Criminal Homicide and Similar Offences Whoever commits murder shall be liable to suffer death1111Country Code/Legislation Section WordingSt. Lucia Criminal Code Section 86(1) -Capital MurderSubject to subsection (2), murder committed in any of the following circumstances is capital murder… St. Vincent and the Grenadines Criminal Code Section 159 (1) -Definition of Murder(1) Any person who, with malice aforethought, causes the death of another person by an unlawful act or omission is guilty of murder and, subject to the provisions of section 24(2) and (3), shall be sentenced to death.Death Penalty StatisticsDespite the death penalty still being on the books in our target countries, none have carried out executions in recent years. This is because the jurisprudence as it has developed in the Caribbean has restricted the carrying out of executions in many important ways. As a result, persons on death row have had their sentences commuted to life, reduced, or pardoned.Country Last ExecutionLast Death Sentence ImposedNumber on Death Row in 2019Murder Rate per 100,000Antigua & Barbuda 1991 2000 0 9Dominica 1986 2000 0 14Grenada 1978 2002 0 9St. Kitts & Nevis 2008 2008 0 56St. Vincent & the Grenadines 1995 2008 1 36Barbados 1984 2016 7 8Source: Statistics from Research by the Death Penalty Project UK, Amnesty international and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. 1212Why Isn’t the Death Penalt [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/an-abolitionist-educational-toolkit.pdf ) [631] => Array ( [objectID] => 12335 [title] => Moratoria del uso de la pena de muerte. Informe del Secretario General (2020) [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratoria-del-uso-de-la-pena-de-muerte-informe-del-secretario-general-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Informe de las Naciones Unidas ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/es/A/75/309 ) [632] => Array ( [objectID] => 12334 [title] => Мораторий на применение смертной казни. Доклад Генерального секретаря [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d0%bc%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b9-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Доклад Организации Объединенных Наций ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/ru/A/75/309 ) [633] => Array ( [objectID] => 12336 [title] => Moratoire sur l’application de la peine de mort. Rapport du Secrétaire général [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratoire-sur-lapplication-de-la-peine-de-mort-rapport-du-secretaire-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Rapport des Nations Unies ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/fr/A/75/309 ) [634] => Array ( [objectID] => 12292 [title] => 256 Death Sentences Commuted Into Life in Tanzania [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/256-death-sentences-commuted-into-life-in-tanzania/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Tanzania_Flag-1-500x289.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of Tanzania’s Independence Day on 9 December, President John Magufuli announced he would commute the death sentences of 256 convicts into life imprisonment. The law say I must hang all 256 of them. [But] [w]ho will be more sinful – those convicted of killing one, two, or three people, or me, who […] [texte] => On the occasion of Tanzania's Independence Day on 9 December, President John Magufuli announced he would commute the death sentences of 256 convicts into life imprisonment.The law say I must hang all 256 of them. [But] [w]ho will be more sinful – those convicted of killing one, two, or three people, or me, who is required to kill 256?John Magufuli, President of the United Republic of TanzaniaThe last known execution in Tanzania was carried out in 1994, yet this landmark decision marks a significant first for the country and offers new impetus to the abolitionist movement both at national and international level.Source : Anadolu Agency [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [635] => Array ( [objectID] => 13029 [title] => Statement on the occasion of the International Human Rights Day [timestamp] => 1607558400 [date] => 10/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-the-occasion-of-the-international-human-rights-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/universal-declaration-of-human-rights-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Humanity and the global human rights movement, including the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, are celebrating the 72nd anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. This day has been commemorated by the United Nations as International Human Rights Day. [texte] => Humanity and the global human rights movement, including the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, are celebrating the 72nd anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. This day has been commemorated by the United Nations as International Human Rights Day. (more…) "Statement on the occasion of the International Human Rights Day" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [636] => Array ( [objectID] => 12273 [title] => Community of Sant’Egidio Calls for Universal Abolition with Cities for Life, Cities Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1607385600 [date] => 08/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/community-of-santegidio-calls-for-universal-abolition-with-cities-for-life-cities-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Community-of-Sant-Egidio-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The discussion was chaired by Mario Marazitti, who stood in front of broadcasted live images of the light-draped Colosseum in Rome, Italy, displaying the slogan of this international key event, “No Justice Without Life”. [texte] => The discussion was chaired by Mario Marazitti, who stood in front of broadcasted live images of the light-draped Colosseum in Rome, Italy, displaying the slogan of this international key event, “No Justice Without Life”. (more…) "Community of Sant’Egidio Calls for Universal Abolition with Cities for Life, Cities Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy [1] => Malaysia [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [637] => Array ( [objectID] => 12231 [title] => Calling for an End to the Federal Executions of the Outgoing Trump Administration [timestamp] => 1607385600 [date] => 08/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-for-an-end-to-the-federal-executions-of-the-outgoing-trump-administration/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/USWhiteHouse-2-500x263.jpg [extrait] => A few days after losing the national election to President-Elect Joe Biden, the Donald Trump administration in the United States of America has continued scheduling a spree of federal executions in an attempt to push its cruel, inhuman and degrading death penalty agenda forward. President Trump resumed federal executions in July 2020, breaking a 17-year […] [texte] => A few days after losing the national election to President-Elect Joe Biden, the Donald Trump administration in the United States of America has continued scheduling a spree of federal executions in an attempt to push its cruel, inhuman and degrading death penalty agenda forward. President Trump resumed federal executions in July 2020, breaking a 17-year moratorium. President-Elect Biden, who is set to be sworn into office on the 21 January 2021, has vowed to eliminate capital punishment at the federal level and to incentivize states to follow suit. Refusing to have his death penalty agenda overturned by deferring executions to the incoming Biden administration, Trump has given the green light to hastily carry out federal executions as his days at the White House quickly vanish. Given that the American people voted for President-Elect Joe Biden and his abolitionist platform, the scheduled executions violate this democratic process, not only the most basic human right to a decent life.In the four-month lead-up to the November 2020 American presidential elections, seven executions were conducted – far more than the number any other presidential administration has carried out in the last 78 years, the same as all retentionist states together. Just a few weeks after the pronouncement of Trump’s electoral defeat, the Department of Justice (DOJ) carried out another execution on the 20th November and announced its intention to proceed with a total of seven executions – three planned for December and another four in January – by the time Biden takes office. The last execution carried out in the midst of a presidential transition was during Grover Cleveland’s first presidency in 1888-1889, making Trump the first outgoing president to resort to lame-duck executions and break “normal rules of civility” in over a century. By the time he leaves office, President Trump will have put more people to death within half a year than any other President in a whole term in American history.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organizations strongly condemn the Trump administration’s intentions to proceed with these lame-duck federal executions and call for an immediate moratorium on all executions. Transitions of power are times for pardons and commutations, not for wantonly applying this outdated and inhumane punishment. Pardons and commutations constitute a better and longer-lasting legacy for his outgoing administration – one founded upon the respect of democracy rather than on the continued violation of human rights. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [638] => Array ( [objectID] => 11863 [title] => About the Library [timestamp] => 1607040000 [date] => 04/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/about-the-library/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For a resource to be placed in the library, two main criteria need to be satisfied. Firstly, the resource needs to be substantially based on the death penalty or shed light on a particular issue relevant to the death penalty.Secondly, the resources need to be published after the year 2000, to ensure that only the […] [texte] => For a resource to be placed in the library, two main criteria need to be satisfied. Firstly, the resource needs to be substantially based on the death penalty or shed light on a particular issue relevant to the death penalty.Secondly, the resources need to be published after the year 2000, to ensure that only the most up-to-date information is made available (exceptions to this criterion are made if the resource is deemed to be of great importance and its information has not been covered in a resource published after 2000).The library is user-friendly and resources can be searched by theme (e.g. death row conditions, mental illness, foreign nationals, juveniles, lethal injection, etc.), by country (e.g. China, USA, Belarus, etc.) or by region (e.g. Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, etc.). If necessary, a resource may have multiply themes, countries and regions. Each result found is accompanied by a short summary of the resource to help you with your research.This library should be used in conjunction with the Death Penalty Worldwide database. Together, these two resources will save you an enormous amount of time and effort in your search through the endless amount of information that exists on the death penalty by providing you with already collated and categorised resources and information.The library's creation would not have been possible without the efforts of World Coalition staff, namely; Emile Carreau for putting this together; Tara Wray for all her hard work trawling through reams of resources to be added; Aurélie Plaçais for her guidance and expertise on the death penalty; and Thomas Hubert for his technical support and patience.A big thanks must also go out to the World Coalition's member organisations and network of human rights academics. With their help, we were able to find the bulk of leading resources on the death penalty. Likewise, a big thanks to all those that helped translate keywords which will ensure that the library is a tool for everybody the world over.This library is a work in progress and will continue to expand. The World Coalition hopes that you will help us to improve this tool by contacting us when you know of a resource that has not yet been added. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [639] => Array ( [objectID] => 11205 [title] => The Process of Abolishing the Death Penalty in Members States of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation [timestamp] => 1606435200 [date] => 27/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-process-of-abolishing-the-death-penalty-in-members-states-of-the-organisation-of-islamic-cooperation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the 47th session of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is being held on 27-28 November 2020 in Niamey, Niger, ECPM and Nael Georges release this study, "The Process of Abolishing the Death Penalty in Member States of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation". [texte] => METHODOLOGYThis study is based on an in-depth analysis of documentaryresources related to the processes involved in abolishing the deathpenalty in some of the OIC member States: periodic reports sent bythese States to United Nations (UN) bodies – such as the HumanRights Council and Committee against Torture –, observationsfrom these committees, regional reports related to human rights,national legislation and key political decisions adopted by theStates in question. To fulfil the research aspect on the issue ofthe death penalty in Islam, we studied the sources of Islamic law,certain Islamic documents – including some relating to humanrights in Islam – as well as publications stating the positionsof a number of religious leaders on the abolition of the deathpenalty. As part of this study, we also identified certain international,regional, national and Islamic figures who may be able toenlighten us or who played a role in this battle. We conductedinterviews with some of these figures, a list of which appears atthe end of the publication. Using the documents in our possessionand interviews, we examined issues surrounding abolishingthe death penalty in Islam and the political and legal systems inthe States in question.This study shall show that the process towards abolition differsfrom one State to the next. The involvement of parliamentarians,figures in civil society and politicians tended to play a decisiverole. International pressure and certain States wishing to presentthe image of a country that respects human rights or is opento democratic values also produced results. The involvementof certain States at international conferences, namely the UNand European Union (EU), resulted in a promise of abolition andsupport of the Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition ofthe death penalty (OP2). There was a constitutional amendmentto abolish the death penalty in some States such as Turkey;the role of the constitutional court in Benin proved decisive instopping it being used; criminal and martial laws also requiredmodification to remove any reference to capital punishmentin abolitionist countries; last but not least, life being sacred in20 21 THE PROCESS OF ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTYIN MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATIONECPM2020certain African traditions led some African States to abolish it.Our work first requires an exploration of the death penalty inIslam then an observation of the processes towards abolitionwith case studies of several abolitionist OIC member States.INTRODUCTIONThe use of the death penalty affects human dignity. It is an unjustpunishment akin to torture. The States that apply it don’t tend tohave an independent legal system to guarantee fair trials. Moreover,this form of punishment is often inflicted on the most disadvantaged,discriminated or marginalised people in society, namelyreligious and ethnic minorities. Capital punishment is also usedas a political weapon against opponents and those who exercisetheir unquestionable right to freedom of speech. It creates a climateof fear that increases when executions take place in publicsuch as in countries with an authoritarian regime, as Iran.2 ThePalestinian poet and writer Ashraf Fayadh is currently in prisonin Saudi Arabia. He was sentenced to death for “apostasy”3 andpromoting “atheism in his writing”.4 Mahmoud Muhammad Taha,a Sudanese religious thinker, was hanged in 1985 following pressurefrom Islamic fundamentalists for trying to modernise Islam.5Evolution in the interpretation of Islam have resulted in freedomof speech being respected and the death penalty being abolished.Its abolition in member States of the Organisation of IslamicCooperation (OIC) is therefore essential to promoting respect forhuman rights, democratic change and development.The involvement of States that are now members of the OIC indeveloping international human rights instruments has been asignificant step towards the universal protection of these rights.Countless Muslim-majority States have contributed to writing theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).6 The declarationclearly states in its article 3 that “Everyone has the right to life,liberty and security of person.”7 Recent decades have also seen2 Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Together against the Death Penalty (ECPM), 12th AnnualReport on the Death Penalty in Iran, 2020, p. 41 and sqq., available on: http://www.ecpm.org/en/release-of-the-12th-annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran/3 Cf. infra. Part 1, III. Sources of Islamic law and the death penalty.4 His sentence was commuted to 8 years in prison and 800 lashes following internationalpressure on the Saudi Arabian Government.5 Cf. infra. Part 1, IV. ii. Islam and secularism.6 They include Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Turkeyand Yemen.7 In principle, like other international declarations, this declaration constitutes a voluntaryinstrument. It has no legally binding value for UN member States. However, the UDHRmay constitute a source of international law due to its universal nature.22 23 THE PROCESS OF ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTYIN MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATIONECPM2020a significant change in the positions of OIC member States withregards to human rights.This study intends to support the call to abolish the death penaltyin all these States. It analyses the stages involved in the abolitionprocess and details the role of various figures in this area to betterunderstand the events that led some of them to abolish the deathpenalty. This work is intended for international, regional and nationalfigures, including civil society and other human rights advocates. Itis a tool that will ultimately support capacity building and advocacyactivities. Analysing the political and legal issues surrounding theabolition of the death penalty in OIC member States provides abetter understanding of its obstacles and an overview of the elementsrequired for abolition to spread throughout the OIC.Religion plays a significant part in the respect of human rights ingeneral and the abolition of the death penalty in particular. Islamis a vital political and legal power in most OIC member Statestoday. Several of these States’ Governments often present thereligious argument to justify imposing the death penalty: abolishingthis sentence would be impossible as it would go againstIslamic precepts. However, certain religious leaders agree thatthere is no religious consensus in Islam on the absolute necessityto enforce the death penalty and several Muslim-majorityStates have already abolished capital punishment.Saudi Arabia and Iran are among the States that use the deathpenalty the most in the world. They continue to enforce a very strictinterpretation of Islamic Sharia resulting in countless executions inthe name of Islam. Capital punishment is used for purely religiouscrimes such as blasphemy, apostasy, adultery and homosexuality;8however, there is always a political factor: ordinary crimes suchas conspiracy and drug trafficking are punishable by death. Areport published in 2020 by the UN9 states: “The Human Rights8 Twelve States, all Muslim, currently impose the death penalty for “crimes” related tohomosexuality: Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Brunei, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Mauritania,Pakistan, Qatar, Sudan, Yemen, Somalia and certain regions of Nigeria. See ECPM, Le Bagneau pays des sables. Peine de mort, conditions de détention et de traitement des condamnésà mort - Mauritanie (Forced labour in the land of sand. The death penalty, prison conditionsand treatment of death row inmates - Mauritania), 2019, p. 49, available in French on: http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/Mauritanie-Le-bagne-au-pays-des-sables.pdf9 Human Rights Council, Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in theIslamic Republic of Iran, Forty third session [A/HRC/43/61], 24 February-20 March 2020,available on: https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/43/61Council has deemed public executions contrary to the provisionsof the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (…) Thedeath penalty continues to be heavily imposed for a large numberof offences, in violation of article 6 in the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights which States that states parties thathave not yet abolished the death penalty should only use it for themost serious crimes. Based on the unchanging definition of theHuman Rights Council, the most serious crimes involve murder.10The Islamic criminal code does not restrict the death penalty tothese offences. For example, the death penalty may be used incases of adultery, sexual relations between consenting men oroffences that are not clearly defined such as efsad-e fel-arz(‘spreading corruption on Earth’).” The 12th Annual Report on theDeath Penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Together againstthe Death Penalty (ECPM) provides an evaluation and analysis oftrends regarding the death penalty in 2019 in the Islamic Republicof Iran, where at least 280 people were executed last year.11This study aims to combat the death penalty worldwide andsupport its universal abolition. Considering the importance ofreligion in the debate surrounding the abolition or retention of thedeath penalty, it also reviews Islamic criminal law and addressesIslamic perspectives to move away from using this punishment.10 Cf. supra, General comment n° 36 of the UN Human Rights Committee.11 IHR and ECPM, op. cit., p. 7."It is vital that we differentiatebetween the Koran, from whichmuch of the raw material forproducing Islamic law is derived,and the law itself. While itsrevelatory inspiration is divine,Islamic law is man-madeand thus subject to humaninterpretation and revision."Abdurrahman Wahidformer President of IndonesiaIndonesia24 25 THE PROCESS OF ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTYIN MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATIONECPM2020PART ITHE OICAN [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Albania [2] => Algeria [3] => Azerbaijan [4] => Bahrain [5] => Brunei Darussalam [6] => Burkina Faso [7] => Cameroon [8] => Chad [9] => Comoros [10] => Djibouti [11] => Egypt [12] => Indonesia [13] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [14] => Iraq [15] => Jordan [16] => Kazakhstan [17] => Kuwait [18] => Kyrgyzstan [19] => Lebanon [20] => Libya [21] => Malaysia [22] => Maldives [23] => Mali [24] => Morocco [25] => Mozambique [26] => Niger [27] => Nigeria [28] => Oman [29] => Qatar [30] => Saudi Arabia [31] => Sierra Leone [32] => Somalia [33] => Sudan [34] => Suriname [35] => Tajikistan [36] => Togo [37] => Tunisia [38] => Turkey [39] => Turkmenistan [40] => Uganda [41] => United Arab Emirates [42] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/rapport-OCI-2020-GB-191120-web.pdf ) [640] => Array ( [objectID] => 8689 [title] => How to become a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/how-to-become-a-member-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The subscription to the World Coalition is limited to legal entities only (associations, bar associations, cities, NGOs, trade unions…). The World Coalition is open to every organization committed against capital punishment. Each candidate must be approved by the Steering Committee after review of its application file. If you want to become a new member of […] [texte] => The subscription to the World Coalition is limited to legal entities only (associations, bar associations, cities, NGOs, trade unions…). The World Coalition is open to every organization committed against capital punishment. Each candidate must be approved by the Steering Committee after review of its application file. If you want to become a new member of the World Coalition, please fill in the application form by clicking here.Once you became a member, you can join any Working Group you are interested in to promote the immediate, definitive and universal end of the death penalty worldwide over different aspects covered by the World Coalition’s work (World Day, international advocacy, United Nations moratorium, countries where capital punishment is at risk of resurgence…).All members which are up to date with their fees are entitled to vote in the General Assembly of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [641] => Array ( [objectID] => 11043 [title] => Someone on death row needs help. Could you do anything? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/someone-on-death-row-needs-help-could-you-do-anything/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We do feel deeply concerned every time someone is sentenced to death somewhere in the world. Unfortunately, the World Coalition does not work directly on individual cases but some of its members do. We strongly encourage you to contact a member based in your country or region by clicking here [texte] => We do feel deeply concerned every time someone is sentenced to death somewhere in the world. Unfortunately, the World Coalition does not work directly on individual cases but some of its members do. We strongly encourage you to contact a member based in your country or region by clicking here [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [642] => Array ( [objectID] => 11044 [title] => Why abolish the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/why-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1- No State should have the power to take a person’s life. 2- It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed. 3- It unfair. The death penalty is discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people […] [texte] => 1- No State should have the power to take a person’s life.2- It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed.3- It unfair. The death penalty is discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.4- It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.5- It denies any possibility of rehabilitation.It does not offer justice to murder victim’s families: the effects of murder cannot be erased by more killing, and the death system prolongs the suffering of victims’ families.6- It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards: it breaches the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life and that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. On eight occasions, the United Nations General Assembly has called for the establishment of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (Resolutions 62/149 in 2007, 63/168 in 2008, 65/206 in 2010, 67/176 in 2012, 69/186 in 2014, 71/187 in 2016, 73/175 in 2018, 75/183 in 2020).7- It creates more pain, particularly for the relatives of the person sentenced to death, including children, who will be subjected to the violence of programmed and forced mourning.8- It counterproductive, because by instituting the killing of a human being as a criminal solution, the death penalty endorses the idea of murder more than it fights it.9- It is inefficient and does not keep society safe. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than life imprisonment.10- Not all murder victims’ families want the death penalty. A large and growing number of crime victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking out against it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does not heal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and religious beliefs. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [643] => Array ( [objectID] => 11045 [title] => Do you have information for my research? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/i-would-need-information-for-my-research/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition offers an online library of more than 2,000 free-to-access documents, including reports from NGOs or international human rights mechanisms, advocacy tools and articles written by the Secretariat. These documents focus on a wide range of themes related to the death penalty issue (fair trial, death row conditions, discriminations etc.) and provide many […] [texte] => The World Coalition offers an online library of more than 2,000 free-to-access documents, including reports from NGOs or international human rights mechanisms, advocacy tools and articles written by the Secretariat. These documents focus on a wide range of themes related to the death penalty issue (fair trial, death row conditions, discriminations etc.) and provide many facts and figures on national profiles or on international and regional trends. Feel free to use them and to suggest new documents to add to this list. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [644] => Array ( [objectID] => 11046 [title] => Can you finance a project against the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/finance-a-project-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition does not have the capacity to finance every project related to the abolition of the death penalty worldwide, but some of its members can help you. We strongly encourage you to contact a member in your country or region to be provided help regarding your project. [texte] => The World Coalition does not have the capacity to finance every project related to the abolition of the death penalty worldwide, but some of its members can help you. We strongly encourage you to contact a member in your country or region to be provided help regarding your project. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [645] => Array ( [objectID] => 11047 [title] => How do I join the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/join-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => All our jobs and traineeships ads, as well as our calls for actions projects, are available here. [texte] => All our jobs and traineeships ads, as well as our calls for actions projects, are available here. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [646] => Array ( [objectID] => 11048 [title] => Can I volunteer with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/volunteer-with-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We thank you a lot for your interest in getting involved within the abolitionist community. However, please note the World Coalition only works with legal entities and as such does not hire volunteers. [texte] => We thank you a lot for your interest in getting involved within the abolitionist community. However, please note the World Coalition only works with legal entities and as such does not hire volunteers. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [647] => Array ( [objectID] => 10689 [title] => Legal information [timestamp] => 1605830400 [date] => 20/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/legal-information/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Credits This website is published by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. Director: Aurélie PlaçaisProgram Manager: Bronwyn DudleyAdministrative and Financial Manager: Wilfred GondoroLogisitics and Partnership Manager: Carlos ValeraWeb-Editor: Hédia Zaalouni Development and production: Moduloo (J Villalard)Graphic design: Les poulets bicyclettes Hosting : OVH Copyright informationThe contents of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons license which gives […] [texte] => CreditsThis website is published by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Director: Aurélie PlaçaisProgram Manager: Bronwyn DudleyAdministrative and Financial Manager: Wilfred GondoroLogisitics and Partnership Manager: Carlos ValeraWeb-Editor: Hédia ZaalouniDevelopment and production: Moduloo (J Villalard)Graphic design: Les poulets bicyclettesHosting : OVHCopyright informationThe contents of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons license which gives you the right to copy it provided that you give the original author credit. You may not use it for commercial purposes nor alter or transform it. This license applies to the entire website unless otherwise stated.Personal informationThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty collects information which you provide by filling in the forms on the site (contact, membership, signing up to the newsletter and so on). In conformity with French law, you have the right to access and correct the information you concerning.CookiesThis internet site uses cookies to make navigation easier. These cookies are not used to collect information without your knowledge or to access your computer.For more information, please contact us. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [648] => Array ( [objectID] => 10588 [title] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty Highlights the Life-Saving Importance of Effective Legal Representation in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1605657600 [date] => 18/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-highlights-the-life-saving-importance-of-effective-legal-representation-in-capital-cases/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/world-day-500x224.jpg [extrait] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty explored the theme “Access to Counsel: A Matter of Life or Death” in light of the continued execution of individuals who struggle to have adequate support from their lawyers, who consequently also face their own challenges in the judicial system. Having access to qualified and effective representation […] [texte] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty explored the theme “Access to Counsel: A Matter of Life or Death” in light of the continued execution of individuals who struggle to have adequate support from their lawyers, who consequently also face their own challenges in the judicial system. Having access to qualified and effective representation at all stages of a trial is important to ensuring due process, and can spell the difference between life and death for people facing capital punishment. Although access to effective legal representation is guaranteed in most constitutions and human rights instruments, many justice systems continue to violate this right.The abolitionist community commemorated the World Day through advocacy, art, education, policy, and protest. This year’s World Day was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted many of the World Coalition’s members and partners to hold their events virtually or to modify them to take safety measures into account.Asia: Taking Bigger Strides Towards Regional AbolitionKazakhstan recently signed the Second Optional Protocol (OP2), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty – a step that was welcomed warmly by the global abolitionist community. In a high-level conference dedicated to the World Day, Kazakhstan’s Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tileuberdi spoke out against the death penalty and stressed the country’s commitment to upholding the fundamental right to life and human dignity. Tileuberdi hoped that Kazkahstan could lead the way towards making Central Asia a region completely free of the death penalty.In the Philippines, two webinars were organized by local NGO Karapatan and the Commission on Human Rights, with the latter launching a research study titled “In Defense of the Right to Life: Analyzing Factors Affecting Filipino Opinion About the Death Penalty” and the Right to Life website, which serves as a database containing information about the death penalty and a repository of advocacy tools.Africa: Bringing People Together Through Art and PolicyIn Uganda, the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative’s commemoration of the World Day was featured a wide range of activities, including the singing of songs by St. Egidio Children’s Choir, the reading of a poem by Katika Africa, the delivery of testimonies by former death row inmates, and presentations by Uganda Prisons Service and the Makerere University.The Republic of Congo chapter of the international NGO Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la torture (ACAT) organized a symposium that gathered members of the Senate, the National Assembly, the National Commission for Human Rights, and the Ministry of Justice, among many others. ACAT Congo explained the importance of the OP-2 and called on parliamentarians to ratify the instrument.In Egypt, the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights published a comprehensive article explaining the right to access a lawyer and an effective defense for those sentenced to death. They situate such discussions within the Egyptian legal framework and provide answers to questions that are important in capital cases, such as “How can attorney-client communication be effective?” and “Are lawyers assigned to cases accompanied by a death sentence?”.Media Coverage: Amplifying Public Statements and Social Media Posts from Every Corner of the WorldWith the constraints posed by the pandemic, the abolitionist community took to the online sphere to express support for the 18th World Day. The World Coalition led a 10-day countdown on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, which featured statistics and fun facts about abolitionist progress, as well as testimonies from people on death row and their lawyers. For the first time, Facebook profile picture frames bearing the visuals of this year’s World Day theme were launched in both English and French. On WhatsApp, tools were sent to partners on the African continent, which they then disseminated to nearly 3,400 people in their networks. Thousands of posts from civilians, embassies, political figures, and organizations used the hashtag #nodeathpenalty to express support for the abolitionist movement.Organizations at local, regional, and international levels have also expressed support for the World Day through statements and press releases. In a joint statement, the European Union and the Council of Europe reiterated their opposition to the use of capital punishment and called on member states to support the moratorium resolution at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly. The African Commission on Human & People’s rights also published a communique condemning capital punishment. The national governments of many abolitionist countries released press statements expressing their commitment to the cause, including Australia, Belgium, France, and Portugal, among many others. Canada reiterated its “strong opposition to the use of the death penalty in all cases, everywhere” and announced its intention to join the Support Group of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty, further strengthening the abolitionist cause at the occasion of the World Day. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia [1] => Belgium [2] => Canada [3] => Congo [4] => Egypt [5] => France [6] => Kazakhstan [7] => Philippines [8] => Portugal [9] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [649] => Array ( [objectID] => 10560 [title] => 120 UN Member States Support the Moratorium at Committee Vote [timestamp] => 1605657600 [date] => 18/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/120-un-member-states-supports-the-moratorium-at-committee-vote/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/UnitedNations-500x263.jpg [extrait] => On 17 November, the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a draft resolution calling upon UN Member States to observe a moratorium on executions. [texte] => On 17 November, the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a draft resolution calling upon UN Member States to observe a moratorium on executions. (more…) "120 UN Member States Support the Moratorium at Committee Vote" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Djibouti [3] => Eswatini [4] => Guinea [5] => Lebanon [6] => Mexico [7] => Nauru [8] => Philippines [9] => Republic of Korea [10] => Sierra Leone [11] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [650] => Array ( [objectID] => 10570 [title] => Voting record – Draft resolution A/C.3/75/L.41 as amended, Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1605657600 [date] => 18/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/voting-record-draft-resolution-a-c-3-75-l-41-as-amended-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://www.un.org/en/ga/third/75/docs/voting_sheets/L.41.pdf ) [651] => Array ( [objectID] => 10547 [title] => UPR 36th Session Debriefed on Facebook Live [timestamp] => 1605571200 [date] => 17/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/upr-36th-session-debriefed-on-facebook-live/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/live-facebook-500x263.jpg [extrait] => As the 36th session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) was being held under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council from 02 to 13 November, the Advocates for Human Rights, a member organization of the World Coalition, facilitated Facebook live debriefings to cover the review of States that have not yet abolished capital […] [texte] => As the 36th session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) was being held under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council from 02 to 13 November, the Advocates for Human Rights, a member organization of the World Coalition, facilitated Facebook live debriefings to cover the review of States that have not yet abolished capital punishment.A Unique State-Driven Process to Monitor the Situation of Human Rights WorldwideThe Universal Periodic Review is a mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council whose objective is to examine the situation of every UN member States regarding the protection of human rights. It aims at ensuring that UN member States duly comply with their international obligations or have undertaken the implementation of reforms to guarantee human rights. As the name suggests, each UN member State is expected to be reviewed on a regular basis – hence the use of the terms “universal” and “periodic”.The UPR consists in a succession of four-year cycles of review, each of them divided into four main stages. The first stage of one State’s UPR requires the preparation of reports on the human rights situation in the country. This includes a comprehensive national report submitted by the State delegation prior to its review, as well as information that may have been communicated by other stakeholders, including Civil Society Organizations, such as non-government organizations (NGO) and National Human rights Institutions (NHRI). Stage two involves the interactive dialogue during which the government delegation introduces its report before the Human Rights Council. Every UN member State that wishes to participate in this interactive dialogue can commend the State under review for the recent commitments it has taken regarding human rights or raise its concerns. It is also entitled to offer recommendations to help the State further comply with international human rights standards. Then, the government delegation may be given the floor to provide other States with oral answers. Stage three consists of the drafting and the adoption of the review report in which the State gives its responses for all the recommendations that have been made. It can either accept or note them – which means rejecting. Each State has to share its responses prior to the next session of the Human Rights Council that is scheduled in March 2021. The last stage is also the longest, as it lasts approximatively three years and consists of the implementation of all recommendations that have been accepted. NGOs and NHRIs are particularly encouraged to monitor this phase, as their comments could contribute to the next review, four years later. Live Debriefings of Interactive Dialogue – Diplomacy Serving Human Rights ValuesMember organizations of the World Coalition that submitted information for States whose legislation still provides for capital punishment, had been invited by the Advocates for Human Rights to participate in Facebook live debriefings in order to discuss the recommendations made on this occasion. They could share their analysis and respond to questions from the chat.States that have been reviewed are the following: Belarus, Jamaica, Libya, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, and the USA. Each debriefing was broadcasted live on the World Coalition’s Facebook page and remains available for watching – click the country you would like to access the video. As regards such States, where legislation still provides for the death penalty, recommendations made during the interactive dialogues of the Universal Periodic Reviews would range from establishing a moratorium on executions to fully abolishing the death penalty. The UN Human Rights Council is an intergovernmental area where diplomatic issues may be expected to collide, and this makes the wording of recommendations offered by States a subtle matter. Indeed, States with a strong retentionist position are more likely to note every recommendation that calls upon them to formally abolish capital punishment. Within the combat for universal abolition, it appears clearly that every new step undertaken to limit the application of such an inhuman penalty is a fragile but substantial achievement. Alexius Kamangila, a Reprieve follow and a volunteer for Communitat de San’Egidio, did value the response of the delegation of Malawi as regards the ongoing moratorium. Although the President committed to carrying out executions during his campaign, the State delegation explained that Malawi would continue to observe a moratorium.As another illustration, discussion on the USA review focused on the government’s statement, which assured that capital punishment is never used in an arbitrary or a discriminatory manner. According to the panellists, however, the Washington Supreme Court State v. Gregory case, in which the Court found capital punishment to be unconstitutional after considering racial bias and arbitrariness, may fuel serious concerns and even contribute to refuting such a statement. The idea that capital punishment would have a unique deterrent effect is not supported by evidence; but it remains in all cases a strongly polarized political matter. “Death is not a traditional value”, Valiantsin Stefanovic, from Viatnsa and current Vice-President of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), pointed out during the debriefing that covered Belarus – the last European State that retains the death penalty and keeps carrying out executions.Advice from Civil Society Organizations to Strengthen One AnotherThe Universal Periodic Review allows Civil Society Organizations to get involved in international advocacy that can be intimidating at first sight. Panellists from the Maldives pointed out that the UPR is a leading platform to shine a light on many human rights violations as well as to engage diplomats. In this regard, Germany recommended Maldives conduct further investigation on the ban of the local NGO Maldivian Democracy Network, which is exceedingly rare.All participants also emphasized the importance of advocating both in Geneva, where the UN Human Rights Council convenes, and in capitals, as well as working closely with embassies. As explained above, the UPR process implies a significant commitment from States. For a State under review, the UPR does not culminate in providing responses for each recommendation. It continues afterwards with a paramount three-year stage during which the State is supposed to adopt all necessary measures to enshrine these recommendations. The UPR involves a lot of work on the part of Civil Society Organizations to keep track of recommendations and hold States accountable of the international commitments they have made. Nonetheless, this commitment relies on a mutual basis. One may consider that States which had offered recommendations have a responsibility, as they have committed to following up their implementation in the three next years – prior to reviewing the State again. Every effort matters. Cycle after cycle, the right to life is undoubtedly put a bit more on the frontpage, and time after time, abolition becomes a closer, stronger and wider achievement. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Jamaica [2] => Liberia [3] => Libya [4] => Malawi [5] => Maldives [6] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [652] => Array ( [objectID] => 11049 [title] => I am a member of the media. Whom should I contact with my inquiry? [timestamp] => 1605139200 [date] => 12/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/media-and-press-inquiries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For media and press inquiries, please contact: press[@]worldcoalition.org [texte] => For media and press inquiries, please contact: press[@]worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [653] => Array ( [objectID] => 20218 [title] => Death Penalty Glossary [timestamp] => 1605052800 [date] => 11/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/death-penalty-glossary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition works on a very specific topic within the realm of human rights. Not everybody is familiar with the different terms, concepts and instruments that are relevant to the conduct of anti-death penalty work. Here are some important words to get you started if you’re new to the abolitionist community: Abolitionist noun […] [texte] => The World Coalition works on a very specific topic within the realm of human rights. Not everybody is familiar with the different terms, concepts and instruments that are relevant to the conduct of anti-death penalty work. Here are some important words to get you started if you’re new to the abolitionist community: Abolitionist noun A person, group, country or movement that believes in or works towards the universal and permanent eradication of the death penalty in all circumstances. Abolitionist in law noun A country whose laws do not provide for the death penalty for any crime. Moratorium noun A temporary suspension of executions and, more rarely, of death sentences. Every few years, the UN Member States vote on a formal moratorium on executions. Botched execution noun An execution that encounters unanticipated problems or delays that cause additional suffering and unnecessary agony for the prisoner. Ordinary crime noun A crime that is not considered extremely serious, such as hold-up, fraud, theft or burglary. Capital crime noun A crime that is punishable by the death penalty. Capital crimes differ from country to country, but they mostly include serious offenses, such as murder, mass murder, treason, espionage, and terrorism. Reducing the scope of the death penalty verb To lessen the number of crimes for which a person can be sentenced to death. Clemency noun The process by which a governor, president, or administrative board may reduce a prisoner’s sentence or grant a pardon. Reprieve verb A limited form of clemency, in which an execution is temporarily delayed. Can also be referred to as a “stay of execution”. De facto abolitionist noun A country that retains the use of the death penalty in law but has not carried out any executions for the past 10 years or more. Retentionist noun A person, group, country or movement that believes in the death penalty and continues to hand down death sentences and carry out executions. Death row noun The state of waiting for execution after being convicted of a capital crime. Time on death row can vary widely, with some reaching decades between conviction and the final execution. Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR (OP2) noun Fondly known within the abolitionist community as the OP2, the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty is the only global treaty that prohibits executions and provides for total abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [654] => Array ( [objectID] => 9910 [title] => Membership Rules [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/membership-rules/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_MembershipRules_EN-4.pdf ) [655] => Array ( [objectID] => 9882 [title] => Membership Intention Statement [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/membership-intention-statement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_IntentionStatement-EN.pdf ) [656] => Array ( [objectID] => 9872 [title] => Membership Application Form [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/membership-application-form/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_MembershipApplicationForm_EN-2.docx ) [657] => Array ( [objectID] => 9861 [title] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bylaws-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_Bylaws_EN.pdf ) [658] => Array ( [objectID] => 9798 [title] => High-Level Remote Panel on the Moratorium Resolution [timestamp] => 1604620800 [date] => 06/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/high-level-remote-panel-on-the-moratorium-resolution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 5 November, a webinar gathering high-level panelists was held by Ensemble contre la peine de mort / Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) as one of their initiatives for the moratorium campaign. Usually organized in New York, USA on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the event had to be facilitated […] [texte] => On 5 November, a webinar gathering high-level panelists was held by Ensemble contre la peine de mort / Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) as one of their initiatives for the moratorium campaign. Usually organized in New York, USA on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the event had to be facilitated online this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Steady Victories but Ongoing Challenges Within the Fight for AbolitionRepealing the death penalty is both an ancient idea and a modern issue. For instance, H.E. Stefano Stefanile, Deputy Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations, who took part in this high-level panel, mentioned that the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had abolished capital punishment in 1786 – long before Italy was unified. Today, abolitionist progress worldwide is undeniable. In 2019, roughly 90% of UN member States did not carry out any executions, and almost 60% of them have abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes. As for the number of executions, the right to life has met another victory with a 5% decrease in executions recorded in 2019 compared to 2018, thereby reaching their lowest level in at least 10 years.The ambassadors of Belgium, France, Italy, Switzerland – the latter cochairs the interregional taskforce in charge of drafting the resolution text this year – as well as the European Union all recalled that the abolition movement enjoys the full support of their countries or organizations. In his brief introduction, Pr. William Schabas, professor of International Law, also shared an enthusiastic view on the abolition of death penalty, as he considers universal abolition to be nearly completed by 2030.Despite legitimate optimism, lowering our guard would undoubtedly be a mistake. As panelists recalled, abolition is not an absolute given. Today, two-thirds of the world’s population live under the yoke of a domestic legislation that provides for the death penalty, H.E. Nicolas de Rivière, Permanent Representative of France to the United Nations, pointed out. Since the first moratorium resolution was adopted by the UNGA in 2007, new issues have been raised as regards to the numerous violations of human rights perpetrated when issuing a death sentence, such as miscarriages of justice, torture, and discrimination, among others.A Symbolic Text as a First Step Towards Universal AbolitionThe resolution for a moratorium on executions is a text adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, which convenes all UN member states, every other year since 2008 - after the first one had been adopted in 2007. Support in favor of this resolution is steadily gaining ground with a record 121 votes in favor in 2018. This sent a very symbolic message to the whole abolitionist community, including positive votes from States that are considered abolitionist in practice after no execution has been recorded in ten years. As only 106 UN member States have formally abolished the death penalty, this result means that abolition in law offers hope for new supporters. However, recent studies conducted by ECPM showed that approximatively 20% of UN member States’ votes were not in line with the actual domestic situation of the death penalty.As its name suggests, the resolution does not call upon States to formally abolish the death penalty, but rather to only to suspend executions, Pr. Nadia Bernoussi, a Professor of Constitutional Law and a Representative of Morocco to the UN Human Rights Council Advisory Committee, explained. Like any other resolutions adopted by the UNGA, she proceeded, the moratorium resolution is not legally-biding for States that favored it, but this might be what makes it of strength and interest for the abolitionist community. Voting in favor of the resolution is not onerous for States, even for those that still retain capital punishment in law, so they all should be strongly encouraged to support it. Additionally, support for the resolution has already been a springboard to new abolitions.In 2018, the vote of the resolution text within the UN Third Commission, prior to being adopted at the plenary session of the UNGA, raised important discussions over States’ sovereign right to impose appropriate legal penalties to persons under their jurisdiction. H.E. Alhem Sara Charikhi, Diplomat of the Embassy of Algeria to the United Nations, explained that Algeria has favored the moratorium resolution since 2007 despite retaining the death penalty in law. In this regard, she added, Algeria is the only country in the MENA area that has never changed its stand on the text. Indeed, Algeria has decided to observe a de facto moratorium on executions since 1993 despite facing a page of its history that is riddled with terrorism.A Time for Arguments and CommitmentsIvan Šimonović, Commissioner at the International Commission Against the Death Penalty and former UN Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, took time to remind people attending the panel of some of the main arguments against capital punishment. Studies show that the death penalty has no unique deterrent effect on the commission of crimes and that it disproportionally affects the most vulnerable people, as well as the well-being of third persons who are involved in the criminal proceedings (ranging from capital defendant’s relatives to prosecutors).Above all, capital punishment is not a sole criminal matter but a social issue, as it tends to affect the whole society. According to Ivan Šimonović, there seems to be a high correlation between the death penalty and authoritarianism. Abolition, however, is always a matter of human rights and dignity.H.E. André Aseba, Minister of Human Rights of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), wished to highlight that the current Constitution of the DRC enshrines the supremacy of international standards. These provisions contributed to overcoming legal loopholes in some cases by allowing a judge to draw on the 2002 Rome Statute to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to issue a decision he might not have been able to take otherwise. This could inspire judges working on death penalty cases, he added. H.E. André Aseba repeated his commitment to helping the DRC accede to international standards aimed at the abolition of the death penalty. “I am sure we will manage to vote on the resolution this time,” he concluded.Tentative Voting Procedure ScheduleThe resolution text is expected to be voted on first at the UN Third Committee level in mid-November, then at the UNGA plenary session in mid-December. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Belgium [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => France [4] => Italy [5] => Morocco [6] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [659] => Array ( [objectID] => 9791 [title] => No one is spared – The widespread use of the death penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1604534400 [date] => 05/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-one-is-spared-the-widespread-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Juveniles [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/iranpdm758ang-2.pdf ) [660] => Array ( [objectID] => 9557 [title] => Groundbreaking Survey Reveals Iranians’ Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1603411200 [date] => 23/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/groundbreaking-survey-reveals-iranians-attitudes-towards-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/moisson-300x197.jpg [extrait] => This survey, conducted by the GAMAAN Institute between the 3rd and the 11th of September 2020, includes responses from about twenty thousand people living inside Iran. [texte] => This survey, conducted by the GAMAAN Institute between the 3rd and the 11th of September 2020, includes responses from about twenty thousand people living inside Iran. (more…) "Groundbreaking Survey Reveals Iranians’ Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [661] => Array ( [objectID] => 9326 [title] => Note verbale dated 13 September 2019 from the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1602720000 [date] => 15/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations inNew York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 73/175, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Assembly on 17 December 2018 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Bangladesh [2] => Botswana [3] => Brunei Darussalam [4] => Chad [5] => China [6] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [7] => Egypt [8] => Ethiopia [9] => Grenada [10] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [11] => Iraq [12] => Jamaica [13] => Kuwait [14] => Libya [15] => Nigeria [16] => Oman [17] => Pakistan [18] => Papua New Guinea [19] => Qatar [20] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [21] => Saint Lucia [22] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [23] => Saudi Arabia [24] => Singapore [25] => Sudan [26] => Syrian Arab Republic [27] => United Arab Emirates [28] => Yemen [29] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/73/1004 ) [662] => Array ( [objectID] => 9301 [title] => Guatemala [timestamp] => 1602720000 [date] => 15/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/guatemala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [663] => Array ( [objectID] => 9187 [title] => Ratification Kit – Peru [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-peru/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Peru ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Peru-EN-4.pdf ) [664] => Array ( [objectID] => 9169 [title] => Ratification Kit – Guatemala [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-guatemala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Guatemala-EN-3.pdf ) [665] => Array ( [objectID] => 9142 [title] => Ratification Kit – El Salvador [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-el-salvador/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the American Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => El Salvador ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Salvador-EN-3.pdf ) [666] => Array ( [objectID] => 9106 [title] => Ratification Kit – Colombia [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-colombia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the American Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Colombia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Colombia-EN-3.pdf ) [667] => Array ( [objectID] => 9077 [title] => Ratification Kit – Bolivia [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-bolivia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the American Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bolivia-EN-3.pdf ) [668] => Array ( [objectID] => 9057 [title] => 2018 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2018-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 71/187. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. The report highlights trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, including foreign nationals and migrants. It also discusses gender-based discrimination against women in the application of the death penalty, the disproportionate impact of its use on poor or economically vulnerable individuals, and regional and international initiatives for advancing the abolition of thedeath penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/73/260 ) [669] => Array ( [objectID] => 9033 [title] => Resolution 73/175 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-73-175-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/589/Add.2) 73/175. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/589/Add.2) 73/175. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/73/175 ) [670] => Array ( [objectID] => 18173 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2020 [timestamp] => 1602201600 [date] => 09/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020. Special Focus: Is the death penalty inherently arbitrary? [texte] => Introduction1. OverviewOSCE participating States have made a number of commitments regarding the deathpenalty, including consideration of the question of capital punishment, exchange ofinformation on the question of the abolition of the death penalty and the provisionof information on the use of the death penalty to the public.1 Where the death penaltyis still in use, participating States have agreed that it can be imposed only for themost serious crimes and only in line with international commitments.2In accordance with these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office forDemocratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developmentsregarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participatingStates related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in theBackground Paper on the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area.3 The background paperis based on information gathered by ODIHR on the situation of the death penalty inall 57 OSCE participating States during the reporting period, incorporating informationfrom international and regional human rights bodies, non-governmental organizationsand media reports.The thematic focus of this year’s background paper, which covers developments from1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020, is whether the death penalty constitutes an inherentlyarbitrary form of punishment. Since 2016, ODIHR has included such thematic1 “Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the OSCE”, OSCE,29 June 1990, Copenhagen, paras. 17.7 and 17.8, . See also:“Concluding Document of the Third Follow-up Meeting, Vienna, 4 November 1986 to 19 January 1989”,OSCE, (hereafter, “Vienna Document 1989”); “Document of the Sixteenth Meeting of the MinisterialCouncil Helsinki 2008”, OSCE, (hereafter, “Helsinki Document 2008”).2 “Vienna Document 1989”, para. 24, op. cit., note 1.3 “The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2016”, OSCE/ODIHR, 21 September 2016, “TheDeath Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2017”, OSCE/ODIHR, 19 September 2017, “The DeathPenalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2018”, OSCE/ODIHR, 12 September 2018, “The Death Penaltyin the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019”, OSCE/ODIHR, 17 September 2019.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20206discussions on various aspects of the death penalty in this annual background paperin an effort to further assist OSCE participating States in their exchange of informationon the death penalty and the further consideration of its abolition.The background paper covers the status of the death penalty in the OSCE regionduring the reporting period, including the thematic focus on the arbitrariness ofthe death penalty and positive developments, as well as the main areas of concern.Throughout the background paper, an abolitionist state is defined as an OSCE participatingState in which there is no death penalty, in law, for any crimes. A de-facto abolitioniststate is one in which the death penalty is foreseen in law, but in practice thepunishment is not imposed. A retentionist state is one that continues to implementthis penalty by sentencing and carrying out executions.7The Situation of the DeathPenalty in the OSCE Area1. The inherent arbitrariness of the death penaltyThe death penalty is still a reality around the world: according to AmnestyInternational, at least 657 executions took place worldwide in 2019.4 In the OSCE region,both retentionist countries, Belarus and the United States, carried out executionsduring the reporting period. However, countries that still apply the death penalty areincreasingly becoming exceptions in the international community, as there is an undeniableglobal trend towards abolition.In its ground-breaking General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which was examined in depth in TheDeath Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019, the United Nations HumanRights Committee established that the death penalty cannot be reconciled with fullrespect for the right to life.5 The grounds under which the death penalty can be appliedaccording to international human rights law have been shrinking, and the4 This number does not include executions carried out in China, calculated to be in the thousands. For moresee: “Amnesty International Global Report: Death sentences and executions 2019”, Amnesty International,21 April 2020, p. 8.5 The General Comment on Article 6 of ICCPR is relevant to 56 OSCE participating States that have ratifiedthis core instrument of the human rights framework. Only the Holy See is not a state party to the ICCPR.See: “The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019”, OSCE/ODIHR, 17 September 2019,p. 8. In his introductory essay to the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019, ChristofHeyns, the former Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions insists that thisconcept must be informed by the objectives of progressive restriction with a view to eventual full abolition.General Comment no. 36 also touches upon this concept, saying it “must be read restrictively andappertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing. Crimes not resulting directlyand intentionally in death […] although serious in nature, can never serve as the basis, within the frameworkof article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty.”The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20208standards that the state must meet when applying capital punishment have becomeincreasingly stringent.6Furthermore, deprivation of life is a priori arbitrary, unless it complies fully with domesticand international law. In this same General Comment it is further exploredthat “the notion of ‘arbitrariness’ is not to be fully equated with ‘against the law’, butmust be interpreted more broadly to include elements of inappropriateness, injustice,lack of predictability, and due process of law as well as elements of reasonableness,necessity, and proportionality.”7 Where capital punishment is still allowed,8 internationallaw clearly states that the death penalty must be reserved for the “most seriouscrimes.”9 The Inter-American Commission has emphasized that cases where thedefendant might be condemned to the death penalty merit an especially high standardof reliability and consistency.10The UN Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 first laid out the internationallyrecognized minimum standards that must be respected by those states thatcontinue to impose capital punishment, in the form of nine safeguards. These ninesafeguards encompass the following principles: it must be limited to the most seriouscrimes; non-retroactivity; juveniles, pregnant women and other categories of defendantsare protected from the death penalty; presumption of innocence; fair trialguarantees; the right of appeal; pardon or commutation; the obligation to minimizesuffering and the prohibition of carrying out an execution while there are outstandinglegal challenges to it.116 UN Human Rights Committee, “General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, on the right to life”, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36, 30 October 2018, paras 33-51.7 Ibid., para. 12.8 All countries in Europe, except for Belarus, have abolished the death penalty. All 47 member states of theCouncil of Europe have ratified (or committed to ratify, in Russia’s case) Protocol No. 6 to the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights (ECHR), which is the first legally-binding instrument abolishing the deathpenalty in peacetime. All members of the European Union (EU) have to sign and ratify the ECHR, andthe EU is often vocal on its opposition to the death penalty. For more information, see: Council of Europe“Death penalty: Factsheet” and European Parliament, “The death penalty and the EU’s fight against it”,February 2019.9 UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6, 16 December1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171.10 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Organization of American States, Report Nº 78/07 Case12.265, Merits (Publication) Chad Roger Goodman Commonwealth of The Bahamas, 15 October 2007, para. 34.11 Report of the Secretary-General, Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protectionof the rights of those facing the death penalty, UN Doc E/2015/49, 13 April 2015.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20209In a 2012 report, the former Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitraryexecutions elaborated on the requirements that must be in place so that the applicationof the death penalty does not become arbitrary:“The requirement of non-arbitrariness in the context of the death penalty hasa procedural component, centred on the requirements of legality and fair trial.It also has a substantive component that entails, among other requirements,imposition only for the most serious crimes, minimum standards of protectionfor vulnerable groups, and equality and consistency.”12Often, these standards and requirements are not reflected in reality. During the reportingperiod, there were numerous reports that the executions carried out withinthe OSCE region were in some form arbitrary, either substantively or procedurally.For instance, many prisoners executed in the United States had a significant mentalimpairment, including mental illness, or an innocence claim pending.13Although the executions carried out in the OSCE region during the reporting periodonly represent a very limited number of death penalty cases from a global perspective,they raise the important question about whether or not the death penaltycan be considered a non-arbitrary form of punishment. Globally, many retentioniststates fail to live up to the stringent conditions imposed on the death penalty by internationallaw. Belarus, the other retentionist state in the OSCE region, has also beencondemned [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/odihr/466467 ) [671] => Array ( [objectID] => 8738 [title] => 75th UN General Assembly High-Level Event Focuses on the Gender Dimension of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1601942400 [date] => 06/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/75th-un-general-assembly-high-level-event-focuses-on-the-gender-dimension-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => On September 24th, the UN Permanent Mission of Italy, the European Union, and Amnesty International, in cooperation with the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) and UN Women, held a high-level virtual event that shed light on the gender dimension of the death penalty. The webinar was conducted as part of […] [texte] => On September 24th, the UN Permanent Mission of Italy, the European Union, and Amnesty International, in cooperation with the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) and UN Women, held a high-level virtual event that shed light on the gender dimension of the death penalty. The webinar was conducted as part of the High-Level Week of the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly, and also commemorated the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.High-level officials from the UN system were present in the webinar, including UN Secretary General António Guterres, who reaffirmed the call for “every country, in all circumstances, to abolish the cruelest of punishments”. This call was echoed by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet, who reaffirmed her Office’s opposition to the use of the death penalty everywhere and noted that the trend towards abolition remains strong.The webinar also invited speakers from academia and civil society to partake in the discussion on the often-neglected state of women on death row. The connections between gender and the death penalty are numerous, as gender bias persists extensively in the criminal justice system. Women are more likely to be prosecuted for crimes that are perceived to be breaking gender norms, or for more petty crimes, such as carrying lower amounts of drugs. They are less likely to be acquitted or have their court decisions revised, which can have devastating consequences for capital cases. Women accused of murder are often victims of domestic abuse and gender-based violence, but the judicial system does not take these gendered experiences into account. Moreover, most women on death row come from backgrounds of severe socioeconomic deprivation, are migrants, or are illiterate, and are thus unable to obtain effective legal representation during their trials.The panelists provided points for effective policy response and collective action. It is necessary to rethink the notion of self-defense in the realm of criminal law, and take into account what it means in terms of domestic abuse against women. Courts must re-examine all cases of women on death row and adopt a gender lens to understand the underlying discrimination against them in the criminal justice system. The academe and civil society need to strengthen the knowledge base on the situation of women on death row, and collect better data in order to ingrain gender into the discussion on capital punishment.In 2021, the theme of the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty will be on gender and the death penalty in the hopes of bringing more attention to the numerous challenges women continue to face in the criminal justice system. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [672] => Array ( [objectID] => 8701 [title] => technique [timestamp] => 1601510400 [date] => 01/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/technique/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [673] => Array ( [objectID] => 8626 [title] => Marvi Rural Development Organization [timestamp] => 1600128000 [date] => 15/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/marvi-rural-development-organization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) is registered under the Societies Act as a non-profit/non-government organization in 1994 envisioned to address social sufferings of marginalized and underprivileged population segments in northern Sindh, particularly disadvantaged men, women and children. Since its inception, MRDO has designed and implemented over 60 projects of diversified nature for vulnerable, disastrous, and […] [texte] => Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) is registered under the Societies Act as a non-profit/non-government organization in 1994 envisioned to address social sufferings of marginalized and underprivileged population segments in northern Sindh, particularly disadvantaged men, women and children. Since its inception, MRDO has designed and implemented over 60 projects of diversified nature for vulnerable, disastrous, and underserved communities with harnessing and empowering approach with a particular focus on women who have limited access to rights, health and educational facilities, rule of law, economic empowerment, community physical infrastructure and social justice.MRDO also has an agenda to voice and condemn flawed Juvenile Justice System of Pakistan (JJSA 2018), the police and law enforcing agencies, detention of juveniles - which is prohibited in JJSP - and trial of minor in the same way as prescribed for adults - which is also a violation of law. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [674] => Array ( [objectID] => 8594 [title] => Support us [timestamp] => 1599782400 [date] => 11/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/support-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionist countries and institutions Political support Join the “Friends of the Protocol” group and support our ratification campaign. Contribute to the World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October by mobilizing your diplomatic network in countries that still impose the death penalty. Financial support Make universal abolition of the death penalty a reality by […] [texte] => Abolitionist countries and institutions Political supportJoin the “Friends of the Protocol” group and support our ratification campaign.Contribute to the World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October by mobilizing your diplomatic network in countries that still impose the death penalty.Financial supportMake universal abolition of the death penalty a reality by financing the sole international platform that mobilizes and gathers abolitionists from all around the world.Join our institutional donors:Foundations and businessesOperational and advocacy supportShare your experience in supporting civil society organizations, especially network leaders, with us.Support civil society in a global context where its scope of action is challenged and where support from the private sector contributes to strengthening its independence.Become a responsible company and take action against the death penalty.Financial supportContribute to universal abolition of the death penalty by financing the unique international platform of worldwide abolitionists.Join our private donors:Civil society organizations committed to the abolition of the death penaltyJoin us!Universities, research centers, law clinicsContribute to improving the knowledge base on the abolition of the death penalty by developing research projects on this issue.Develop partnerships with abolitionist civil society to create evidence-based tools and arguments and promote an research-based advocacy.Follow the example of existing research centers: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [675] => Array ( [objectID] => 8531 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2020! [timestamp] => 1599696000 [date] => 10/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Take action now! The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on […] [texte] => Take action now!The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of Events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenaltyClick on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country:Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [676] => Array ( [objectID] => 5416 [title] => Indonesian : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-cebuano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Cebuano-1.pdf ) [677] => Array ( [objectID] => 5418 [title] => Tagalog : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tagalog-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-tagalog/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Tagalog-1.pdf ) [678] => Array ( [objectID] => 5420 [title] => : Factsheet for Lawyers – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-lawyers-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for defense lawyers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetLawyers_EN-1.pdf ) [679] => Array ( [objectID] => 5422 [title] => : Fiche d’information pour les juges – Journée mondiale 2020 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fiche-dinformation-pour-les-juges-journee-mondiale-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A l'occasion de la Journée mondiale 2020, portant sur le droit à un·e avocat·e, The Advocates for Human Rights et la Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort proposent une fiche d'information à destination des juges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetJudges_EN-1.pdf ) [680] => Array ( [objectID] => 5424 [title] => Japanese : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-japanese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_Japanese-1.pdf ) [681] => Array ( [objectID] => 5426 [title] => Italian : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-italian/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_IT-1.pdf ) [682] => Array ( [objectID] => 5428 [title] => Divehi : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/divehi-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-dhivehi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_DV-1.pdf ) [683] => Array ( [objectID] => 5430 [title] => German : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_DE-1.pdf ) [684] => Array ( [objectID] => 5432 [title] => : Time to Abolish the Death Penalty in Zimbabwe: Exploring the Views of its Opinion Leaders [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/time-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-in-zimbabwe-exploring-the-views-of-its-opinion-leaders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report draws on in-depth interviews with 42 opinion leaders on the death penalty, their knowledge of the criminal justice system, the likelihood of abolition and how that could be achieved. They represent the fields of politics, public service, law, religion, civil society, academia, and defence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Zimbabwe-Opinion-Leaders-Report-2020.pdf ) [685] => Array ( [objectID] => 5561 [title] => Death Row USA – Spring 2020 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-usa-spring-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Spring 2020 edition of Death Row USA, on the situation of the death penalty in the USA as of April 2020 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.naacpldf.org/wp-content/uploads/DRUSASpring2020.pdf ) [686] => Array ( [objectID] => 5565 [title] => Ratification Kit – Kazakhstan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-kazakhstan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Kazakhstan-EN-6.pdf ) [687] => Array ( [objectID] => 5571 [title] => Leaflet – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2020 World Day 8-page leaflet [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [688] => Array ( [objectID] => 5573 [title] => Detailed Factsheet – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on international and regional human rights standards on the right to access to effective legal representation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_DetailedFactsheet_EN-1.pdf ) [689] => Array ( [objectID] => 5575 [title] => Annual Report – 2019 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-2019-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report of the 2019 World Day [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019_Annual-Report_FR-1.pdf ) [690] => Array ( [objectID] => 5577 [title] => Factsheet for Police Personnel – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-police-personnel-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, Repreive and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for police officers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetPolice_EN-1.pdf ) [691] => Array ( [objectID] => 5579 [title] => Factsheet for Media Representatives – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-media-representatives-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for media representatives. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetMedia_EN-1.pdf ) [692] => Array ( [objectID] => 5581 [title] => Factsheet for Judges – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-judges-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for judges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetJudges_FR-1.pdf ) [693] => Array ( [objectID] => 5583 [title] => The defense has the floor – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-defense-has-the-floor-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has compiled testimonies from those for whom access to counsel is a matter of life or death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [694] => Array ( [objectID] => 5585 [title] => Call for tenders for printing, design and layout services – Annex [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-for-tenders-for-printing-design-and-layout-services-annex/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP_CallForTenders_Printing_Design_Layou-Annex_EN-1.pdf ) [695] => Array ( [objectID] => 5587 [title] => Application form – Call for Actions in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-barbados-and-the-eastern-caribbean-states-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions on World Day in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_GCL-1.docx ) [696] => Array ( [objectID] => 5589 [title] => Application form – Call for Actions in the Philippines (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-the-philippines-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions in the Philippines [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_Philippines-1.docx ) [697] => Array ( [objectID] => 5591 [title] => Just Mercy film discussion – Florida International University College of Law (Webinar) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/just-mercy-film-discussion-florida-international-university-college-of-law-webinar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Just Mercy film discussion and reflections on racism in the US criminal justice system, scheduled on 22 July 2020. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FIU_College_Of_Law_Webinar_JustMercy-1.pdf ) [698] => Array ( [objectID] => 5595 [title] => Provisional Budget – 18th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/provisional-budget-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Small Grants 2020 provisional budget [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Provisional_Budget_Budget_Previsionnel_SmallGrants2020-1.xlsx ) [699] => Array ( [objectID] => 5597 [title] => Application form – Call for Actions in the Maldives and Turkey (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-the-maldives-and-turkey-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions on the World Day in the Maldives and Turkey [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_Maldives_Turkey-1.docx ) [700] => Array ( [objectID] => 5599 [title] => Application form – Call for actions in Sub-Saharan Africa (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-sub-saharan-africa-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions on 2020 World Day in Sub-Saharan Africa. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_Sub-Saharian_Africa-1.docx ) [701] => Array ( [objectID] => 5607 [title] => Mobilization Kit – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilization Kit for the 2020 World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_MobilizationKit_EN-1.pdf ) [702] => Array ( [objectID] => 5609 [title] => Facts and Figures – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and figures from several human rights organizations on death sentences and executions in 2019, as well progress towards the abolition of capital punishment worldwide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsFigures2020_EN-1.pdf ) [703] => Array ( [objectID] => 5622 [title] => Muzzling critical voices: Politicized trials before Saudi Arabia’s Specialized Criminal Court [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/muzzling-critical-voices-politicized-trials-before-saudi-arabias-specialized-criminal-court/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite the Saudi Arabian authorities’ rhetoric about reforms, they have unleashed an intense crackdown on citizens promoting change in the last few years. One of the instruments of that repression has been the Specialized Criminal Court (SCC), which was set up in 2008 to try individuals accused of terror-related crimes. Amnesty International has documented the cases of 95 individuals who were tried before the SCC between 2011 and 2019. It has concluded that the SCC’s judges have presided over grossly unfair trials, handing down prison sentences of up to 30 years and numerous death sentences, in an effort to silence dissent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde23/1633/2020/en/ ) [704] => Array ( [objectID] => 5624 [title] => How to Work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition has developed and published a training manual on working with the African Union’s human rights organ, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR). This how-to guide was created specifically for civil society to help encourage successful interaction with the ACHPR, a growing and influential human rights mechanism on the continent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-CADHP-EN-BD-1.pdf ) [705] => Array ( [objectID] => 6565 [title] => Ratificationt Kit – Armenia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratificationt-kit-armenia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Armenia-EN-3.pdf ) [706] => Array ( [objectID] => 5433 [title] => : التعليق العام رقم 36 المادة 6 ( الحق في الحياة ) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85-36-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => يستعاض بهذا التعليق العام عن التعليق العام رقم 6 الذي اعتمدته اللجنة في دور تها السادسة عشرة (1982 )، والتعليق العام رقم 14 الذي اعتمدته اللجنة في دور تها ال ث ا لث ة والعشرين (1984 ). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/ar/CCPR/C/GC/36 ) [707] => Array ( [objectID] => 5435 [title] => Urdu : جسٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان کا ڈیٹا بیس [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/urdu-%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%b9%d8%b3-%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%db%8c%da%a9%d9%b9-%d9%be%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d8%a7-%da%88%db%8c%d9%b9%d8%a7-%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => سٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان نے سزائے موت کے قیدیوں کے لیے کام کے دوران پھانسیوں اور سزائے موت سے متعلق مواد اکٹھا کیا ہے۔ HURIDOCS کے تکنیکی تعاون سے جسٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان نے اپنی تحقیق کو ایک اوپن سورس ڈیٹا بیس کی شکل دی ہے۔ یہ منصوبہ سزائے موت سے متعلق اعدادوشمار تک عام رسائی فراہم کرنے کی پہلی کڑی ہے، جس کا مقصد محققین، صحافیوں، وکلاء ، طلبہ، انسانی حقوق کے کارکنان اور عام لوگوں کو اس غیر انسانی اور غیر منصفانہ سزا سے متعلق مستند اعدادوشمار مہیا کرنا ہے۔ یہ ڈیٹا بیس نہ صرف جسٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان کے اعدادوشمار تک رسائی فراہم کرتا ہے، بلکہ عام افراد کو اس میں مزید مواد کی شمولیت کی دعوت بھی دیتا ہے۔ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://data.jpp.org.pk/ur/ ) [708] => Array ( [objectID] => 5436 [title] => Viêt Namese : Khả năng của Việt Nam gia nhập Nghị định thư tùy chọn thứ hai về bãi bỏ hình phạt tử hình theo Công ước quốc tế về các quyền dân sự và chính trị (ICCPR) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/viet-namese-kha-nang-cua-viet-nam-gia-nhap-nghi-dinh-thu-tuy-chon-thu-hai-ve-bai-bo-hinh-phat-tu-hinh-theo-cong-uoc-quoc-te-ve-cac-quyen-dan-su-va-chinh-tri-iccpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá khả năng Việt Nam phê chuẩn Nghị định thư không bắt buộc thứ hai đối với Công ước quốc tế về các quyền dân sự và chính trị (ICCPR) nhằm xóa bỏ án tử hình. Nó phân tích: (a) khung pháp lý quốc tế hiện hành và quá trình phát triển pháp lý để xóa bỏ án tử hình ở các quốc gia được chọn, (b) sự tương thích giữa các quy định hiện hành về án tử hình trong hệ thống pháp luật Việt Nam và Nghị định thư tùy chọn thứ hai của ICCPR và (c) đánh giá tính khả thi để bãi bỏ án tử hình ở Việt Nam. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/Death%20Penalty%20Report%20(VIE).pdf ) [709] => Array ( [objectID] => 5437 [title] => Indonesian : Tidak Manusiawi: Kondisi Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Bagi Terpidana Mati di Indonesia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-tidak-manusiawi-kondisi-lembaga-pemasyarakatan-bagi-terpidana-mati-di-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Meskipun telah banyak penelitian telah dilakukan terkait dengan administrasi peradilan dalam kasus-kasus hukuman mati di Indonesia, hanya sedikit penelitian tentang kondisi penahanan seseorang yang dijatuhi hukuman mati di sebuah negara. Penelitian ini adalah salah satu penelitian pertama yang berfokus pada kondisi penahanan narapidana yang di hukum mati di Indonesia. Laporan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan suara kepada mereka yang mengalami hukuman mati di Indonesia dan juga pendapat dari keluarga mereka, bersamaan dengan mendokumentasikan situasi mereka. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/rapportindon%C3%A9sie_bahasa.pdf ) [710] => Array ( [objectID] => 5438 [title] => Malay : Kecacatan yang membawa maut: Mengapa Malaysia harus mansuhkan hukuman mati [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malay-kecacatan-yang-membawa-maut-mengapa-malaysia-harus-mansuhkan-hukuman-mati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hukuman mati dikekalkan di bawah undang-undang Malaysia untuk lebih 30 kesalahan dan selalu di laksanakan untuk kesalahan2 seperti- mengedar dadah- yang tidak sampai batas sempadan “jenayah paling serius”, yang mana perlaksanaan hukuman ini mesti di bataskan di bawah undang2 dan standard antarabangsa. Sehingga September 2019, lebih dari 1,290 orang telah di hokum mati. Kajian Amnesty International telah mengetengahkan beban hukuman mati dia Malaysia yang sebahagian besarnya terpikul di bahu pesalah yang disabitkan dengan kesalahan mengedar dadah, yang mana termasuklah wanita dan rakyat asing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5010782019MALAY.pdf ) [711] => Array ( [objectID] => 5439 [title] => Japanese : The Chaplain [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-the-chaplain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The late, great Ren Osugi (Hana-bi) stars as a prison chaplain working on death row in this thought-provoking chamber drama—his final film as an actor and first as a producer. Visiting with a regular roster of inmates who await their final sentence—including a converted ex-yakuza and a philosophy-spouting mass murderer—the newly appointed clergyman gradually learns of their circumstances and is forced to confront his own understanding of life, death and salvation. Featuring unforgettable characters and a restrained visual style, Dai Sako’s searching film takes on the rarely-addressed topic of Japan’s death penalty in order to question the state of the country’s soul. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.japansociety.org/event/the-chaplain ) [712] => Array ( [objectID] => 5440 [title] => Malay : Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Malay) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malay-poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-malay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in Malay [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_Malay-1.pdf ) [713] => Array ( [objectID] => 5442 [title] => German : Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in German [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_DE-1.pdf ) [714] => Array ( [objectID] => 5444 [title] => : Last Chance for Life: Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/last-chance-for-life-clemency-in-southeast-asian-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://global.oup.com/academic/product/last-chance-for-life-clemency-in-southeast-asian-death-penalty-cases-9780198809715?cc=mt&lang=en&# ) [715] => Array ( [objectID] => 5445 [title] => : Résolution des barreaux sur la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-des-barreaux-sur-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Résolution des avocats sur la peine de mort et les conditions de détention et de traitement des condamnés à mort Resolution of lawyers on the death penalty and conditions of detention and treatment of persons sentenced to deathResolución sobre la pena de muerte y cas condiciones de detención y el trato a las personas condenadas a muerte [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7congress-Resolution_Peine_de_mort_Barreaux_EN-FR-1.pdf ) [716] => Array ( [objectID] => 5601 [title] => A/HRC/RES/42/24 – Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 27 September 2019 – The question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-res-42-24-resolution-adopted-by-the-human-rights-council-on-27-september-2019-the-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/RES/42/24 ) [717] => Array ( [objectID] => 5604 [title] => A/HRC/42/28 – Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-42-28-capital-punishment-and-the-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to resolution 36/17,of the Human Rights Council. The report examines the consequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the human rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons. It pays specific attention to the impact of the resumption of the use of the death penalty on human rights [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/42/28 ) [718] => Array ( [objectID] => 5611 [title] => General Comment No 36 – Article 6: right to life [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/general-comment-no-36-article-6-right-to-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tis general comment replaces general comments No. 6, adopted by the Committee at its sixteenth session (1982), and No. 14, adopted by the Committee at its twenty-third session (1984) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/CCPR/C/GC/36 ) [719] => Array ( [objectID] => 5655 [title] => PROCEEDINGS – 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/proceedings-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Six months after the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty, ECPM is proud to announce the publication of the Proceedings of the Brussels Congress. This unpublished, documented and illustrated book reports on the rich debates held during the Congress and discusses the new associative and political dynamics promoted in this context. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/actes-Bruxelles-2019.pdf ) [720] => Array ( [objectID] => 5662 [title] => 2018 World Day – Report [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2018-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report of the 2018 World Day Against the Death Penalty, on the conditions of detention on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Rapport_EN-1.pdf ) [721] => Array ( [objectID] => 5678 [title] => Paroles d’enfant (noir et blanc) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/paroles-denfant-noir-et-blanc/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Témoignages d'enfants dont un parent a été condamné à mort ou exécuté, compilés par la Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, avec le soutien de ses organisation membres pour la collecte et le partage des témoignages. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Temoignages_FR_BW-1.pdf ) [722] => Array ( [objectID] => 5692 [title] => Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Black and White) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-black-and-white/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in black and white [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_EN_BW-1.pdf ) [723] => Array ( [objectID] => 5696 [title] => Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_EN-1.pdf ) [724] => Array ( [objectID] => 5725 [title] => FINAL DECLARATION – 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/final-declaration-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FINAL DECLARATION7TH World Congress Against the Death PenaltyBrussels, 1st March 2019 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7congress-FinalDeclaration-EN-1.pdf ) [725] => Array ( [objectID] => 5448 [title] => Dutch : Poster – 16. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dutch-poster-16-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe Poster [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Poster_DE-1.pdf ) [726] => Array ( [objectID] => 5450 [title] => Italian : Poster – 16° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-16-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster del 15° Giornata Mondiale contro la pena di morte. Dignita Per Tutti. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Poster_IT-1.pdf ) [727] => Array ( [objectID] => 5732 [title] => IHR: Rights-Based Policing – Idealizing Human Rights in Law Enforcement in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ihr-rights-based-policing-idealizing-human-rights-in-law-enforcement-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book documents the results of an IHR research project appraising the Philippine National Police’s commitment to human rights-based policing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://law.upd.edu.ph/ihr-launches-new-books-on-death-penalty-and-rights-based-policing/ ) [728] => Array ( [objectID] => 5739 [title] => Kit Cities for Life – 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-cities-for-life-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The International Day Cities for Life - Cities against the Death Penalty, is the largest international mobilization of the abolitionist movement. Its objective is to establish a dialogue within the civil society on the topic and involve local administrators, aiming at abolishing the death penalty and making the rejection of violence the true identity of a city and its citizens. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife_2018-1.pdf ) [729] => Array ( [objectID] => 5744 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 24 – October 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-24-october-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate-Oct2018-EN-1.pdf ) [730] => Array ( [objectID] => 5747 [title] => Human Rights Council, 39th session – Question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-council-39th-session-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In his report the Secretary-General confirms that the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty is continuing. During the reporting period, initiatives limiting the use of the death penalty and implementing the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty were also recorded in several States. A minority of States continued to use the death penalty, in contravention of international human rights law. As requested by the Council in its resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session39/Documents/A_HRC_39_19_EN.docx ) [731] => Array ( [objectID] => 5752 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area – Background Paper 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OSCE participating States have made a number of commitments regarding the death penalty, including to consider the potential abolition of capital punishment. In light of these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developments regarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participating States related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in the Background Paper on the Status of the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area. The background paper is based on the information provided by participating States, in the form of responses to ODIHR questionnaires. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/odihr/393728?download=true ) [732] => Array ( [objectID] => 5757 [title] => DEATH ROW USA – Spring 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-usa-spring-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides death row statistics and an update on executions in the US as of April 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DRUSASpring2018-1.pdf ) [733] => Array ( [objectID] => 5759 [title] => Unjust and Unwanted: Malaysia’s Mandatory Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unjust-and-unwanted-malaysias-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Malaysia is one of only a handful of countries around the world that continues to retain a mandatory death penalty. The newly elected Malaysian government has promised to abolish mandatory death sentences and other “oppressive laws”. This short animation sheds light on what the mandatory death penalty is, what the Malaysian public think about it and why it is time to consign this abhorrent punishment to history. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/unjust-and-unwanted-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-malaysia/ ) [734] => Array ( [objectID] => 5760 [title] => GUILTY. THE FINAL 72 HOURS OF BALI-9’S MYURAN SUKUMARAN [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guilty-the-final-72-hours-of-bali-9s-myuran-sukumaran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The final 72-hours in the life of Myuran Sukumaran, the Bali-9 convicted criminal who became an accomplished artist while in Kerobokan prison under the tutorship of artist Ben Quilty. Myuran was executed by Indonesian firing squad on Nusakambangan Island, 29 April 2015 alongside fellow Australian Andrew Chan and six others. Dramatic and archival material takes us into the final three days of Myuran Sukumaran’s life, as he farewells his family and creates his final paintings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.guiltyfilm.com.au/ ) [735] => Array ( [objectID] => 5767 [title] => On Mother’s Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-mothers-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A challenging, poetic and relatable piece of physical theatre in the round. On Mother's Day is the story of Ramón, an endearing and friendly inmate, who spends his life running from violence only to find it within himself. It is a visually arresting ensemble performance about childhood, identity, and lost time. The script is based on seven years of letters between the writer Saaramaria Kuitinen and convicts on death row. Now, Ekata Theatre's newest piece takes this material and uses a unique style of engaging visual storytelling, humour, and ensemble work to present a hard-hitting critique of the dehumanisation of the victims in the capital punishment system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://thecockpit.org.uk/show/on_mothers_day ) [736] => Array ( [objectID] => 5789 [title] => Leaflet – 16th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-16th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2018 World Day leaflet provides information about living conditions on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018_Leaflet_EN-1.pdf ) [737] => Array ( [objectID] => 5795 [title] => Poster – 16th World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-16th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to living conditions on death row. Dignity For All. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Poster_EN-1.pdf ) [738] => Array ( [objectID] => 5798 [title] => Death Row – The Final Minutes [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-the-final-minutes/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => First as a reporter and then as a spokesperson for the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Michelle was a frequent visitor to Huntsville's Walls Unit, where she recorded and relayed the final moments of death row inmates' lives before they were put to death by the state.Michelle was in the death chamber as some of the United States' most notorious criminals, including serial killers, child murderers and rapists, spoke their last words on earth, while a cocktail of lethal drugs surged through their veins. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Death-Row-execution-Americas-infamous-ebook/dp/B0799LB52S ) [739] => Array ( [objectID] => 5801 [title] => Capital Punishment, 2016 – Statistical Brief [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-2016-statistical-brief/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presents statistics on persons under sentence of death at year-end 2016, including summary trends in the population, admissions to and releases from death row, the number of persons executed, and an advance count of executions in 2017. Data are from BJS's National Prisoner Statistics(NPS-8 series.Highlights:- At year-end 2016, a total of 32 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) held 2,814 prisoners under sentence of death, which was 58 (2%) fewer than at year-end 2015.- California (26%), Florida (14%), and Texas (9%) held nearly half (49%) of the nation's prisoners under sentence of death at year-end 2016; in 2016, Texas executed seven prisoners, Florida executed one, and California did not execute any prisoners.- In 2016, the number of prisoners under sentence of death decreased for the sixteenth consecutive year.- Twelve states received a total of 32 prisoners under sentence of death in 2016.- Five states executed a total of 20 prisoners in 2016, with Georgia (9) and Texas (7) accounting for 80% of executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=6246 ) [740] => Array ( [objectID] => 5805 [title] => Outliers and Outcomes: How 9 of 10 Death Cases End with a Life Sentence & Why That Matters [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/outliers-and-outcomes-how-9-of-10-death-cases-end-with-a-life-sentence-why-that-matters/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OTSE is a coalition of individuals and organizations working to reduce use of and ultimately end capital punishment in Ohio. The purpose of the report is to provide information and analysis to the media, members of the general public, legislators and state leaders.The death penalty in Ohio has become increasingly rare and is relegated to just a few high-use,outlier counties.Indeed, although Ohio has set an execution schedule unmatched by any state in the country up to the year 2023, it seems doubtful, based on its history of litigation and execution drug shortages, that Ohio will execute all those individuals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://otse.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/outliers-and-outcomes-otse-2017-report.pdf ) [741] => Array ( [objectID] => 5808 [title] => Tanzania Human Rights Report – 2017 ‘Unknown Assailants’: A Threat to Human Rights [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tanzania-human-rights-report-2017-unknown-assailants-a-threat-to-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “Unknown Assailants: A Threat to Human Rights”So is named The Tanzania Human Rights Report of 2017 released by the Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC).This report was published on April, 25th 2018 and it enlights for the fifteenth time the major human rights violation in Tanzania. This report, while it deals with human rights violation in Tanzania concerning civil and politial rights, freedom of violence, freedom of expression, etc, also presents some issues due to these violations such as the right to participate in governance, particularly the right to participate in political life, which are deny. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://humanrights.or.tz/assets/attachments/1524659401.pdf ) [742] => Array ( [objectID] => 5828 [title] => Documentary: “In The Executioner’s Shadow; a Story of Justice, Injustice and the Death Penalty” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/documentary-in-the-executioners-shadow-a-story-of-justice-injustice-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Video "It is the potential of this documentary to move us toward a more enlightened society that excites me about this work." Benjamin Jealous, former NAACP PresidentAs wrongful convictions, botched executions, and a broken justice system inch further into the spotlight, we must consider: What is justice? What part should the death penalty play? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://intheexecutionersshadow.com/ ) [743] => Array ( [objectID] => 5831 [title] => SHAMS Center issues a report on the status of death penalty in the Palestinian territories: in 2017 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/shams-center-issues-a-report-on-the-status-of-death-penalty-in-the-palestinian-territories-in-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this report, SHAMS emphasizes that in Palestine they apply inconsistent legal combination of laws that punish with death penalty, which are not Palestinian laws basically.The problem is that capital punishment violates against an essential human right, and it is irreversible once executed. It doesn’t represent a public deterrent so; it is nothing but a form of violence not a solution for it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.shams-pal.org/eng/?p=1488 ) [744] => Array ( [objectID] => 5836 [title] => Caught in a Web Treatment of Pakistanis in the Saudi Criminal Justice System [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/caught-in-a-web-treatment-of-pakistanis-in-the-saudi-criminal-justice-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report about the treatment of Pakistanis in the Saudi criminal justice system [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/03/07/caught-web/treatment-pakistanis-saudi-criminal-justice-system#page ) [745] => Array ( [objectID] => 5838 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 23 – March 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-23-march-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate_March2018_EN-1.pdf ) [746] => Array ( [objectID] => 5434 [title] => Viêt Namese : Liệu Hình phạt Tử hình Có Tác dụng Ngăn chặn Tội phạm Giết người ở Nhật Bản? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/viet-namese-lieu-hinh-phat-tu-hinh-co-tac-dung-ngan-chan-toi-pham-giet-nguoi-o-nhat-ban/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Không giống như ở Mỹ, nơi tràn ngập các nghiên cứu về tử hình và tác dụng răn đe của hình phạt này, có rất ít nghiên cứu về hình phạt tử hình và tác dụng răn đe của nó ở Nhật Bản. Mặc dù vậy, người dân và các quan chức nước này vẫn đưa ra những nhậnđịnh đầy tự tin đối với chủ đề này. Trên thực tế, tác dụng răn đe được xem là “điểm tranh cãi chủ chốt giữa các lập luận ủng hộ và phản đối” hình phạt tử hình ở Nhật Bản. Khó khăn trong việc thu thập các số liệu chuẩn mực về tội phạm từ Chính phủ Nhật Bản đã khiến cho việc tiến hành một nghiên cứu nghiêm túc về đề tài này gần như là bất khả thi. Bài viết này sử dụng các số liệu thống kê hàng tháng về tội phạm giết người và tộiphạm giết người cướp mà trước không thể tiếp cận được để xem xét liệu việc tuyên và thực thi án tử hình ở Nhật Bản có tác dụng ngăn chặn những tội phạm kể trên trong giai đoạn từ năm 1990 đến 2010 hay không. Và phát hiện chính của nghiên cứu này là hình phạt tử hình không có tác dụng răn đe tội phạm giết người và tội phạm cướp của giết người trong giai đoạn nói trên. Cần phải có thêm nghiên cứu về đề tài này, tuy nhiên, tại thời điểm hiện tại Chính phủ Nhật Bản không có bất cứ căn cứ chắc chắn nào để tiếp tục khẳng định nước này cần duy trì hình phạt tử hình vì hình phạt này giúp ngăn chặn tội phạm có tính đặc biệt nghiêm trọng. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2693340/Johnson-VN_final.pdf ) [747] => Array ( [objectID] => 5454 [title] => Portuguese : Projecto de protocolo adicional à carta Africana dos direitos humanos e dos povos acerca da abolição da pena de morte em Africa [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-projecto-de-protocolo-adicional-a-carta-africana-dos-direitos-humanos-e-dos-povos-acerca-da-abolicao-da-pena-de-morte-em-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Para completar e reforçar as disposições da carta Africana dos direitos humanos e dos povos,o artigo 66 da carta autoriza a adopção de protocolos ou acordos particulares. É com estefundamento que a Comissão Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos (CADHP) – organismoda União Africana (UA) encarregado da promoção e protecção dos direitos humanos em Africa– propôs à UA a adopção de um protocolo específico sobre a abolição da pena de morte queprecisa que “o direito à vida é o fundamento de todos os outros direitos”, e que “a abolição dapena de morte é essencial à protecção eficaz” deste direito. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AfricanProtocol_leaflet-PR-1.pdf ) [748] => Array ( [objectID] => 5456 [title] => : The Right Way: More Republican lawmakers championing death penalty repeal [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-right-way-more-republican-lawmakers-championing-death-penalty-repeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At a press conference in Washington, DC, Conservatives Concerned About the Death Penalty released a new report that shows the surge in the number of Republican lawmakers who sponsored death penalty repeal legislation at the state level. The report – called The Right Way – looked at all death penalty repeal bills filed since 2000, using the increase in sponsorships as a measure for growing Republican leadership on the issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://conservativesconcerned.org/therightway/ ) [749] => Array ( [objectID] => 5457 [title] => German : Poster – 15. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-15-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster für den Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe gewidmet Armut.Armut und Jutiz Eine Tödliche Mischung [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [750] => Array ( [objectID] => 5458 [title] => Italian : Poster – 15° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-15-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster del 15° Giornata Mondiale contro la pena di morte dedicato alla povertà. Povertà e Giustizia: un Mix Mortale. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [751] => Array ( [objectID] => 5846 [title] => Mom of murdered son finds ‘only pain’ from death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mom-of-murdered-son-finds-only-pain-from-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Politicians champion the death penalty while they campaign and are in office, and then they retire and move on, never having to deal with the reality of it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.floridatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/07/01/mom-murdered-son-finds-only-pain-death-penalty/103326096/ ) [752] => Array ( [objectID] => 5851 [title] => In the Executioner’s Shadow [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-the-executioners-shadow/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => What would you do if someone you love was raped, tortured, or murdered? How would you seek justice? The very thought evokes horror— we shudder to even consider it. But it is a reality faced by Vicki and Syl Scheiber after their daughter’s rape and murder; faced by Karen Brassard in the traumatic aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing; faced by former Virginia state executioner Jerry Givens after performing 62 executions.As wrongful convictions, botched executions, and a broken justice system inch further into the spotlight, we must consider: What is justice? What part should the death penalty play?In the Executioner's Shadow allows a glimpse into Jerry's rarely seen world of death row and execution. It explores Karen’s moral conflict as she attends the accused bomber’s trial, a young man the same age as her son. It defies our perception of justice as Vicki and Syl fight for the life of their daughter's murderer.In the Executioner's Shadow illuminates the oft hidden realities entangled in death row, the death penalty, and the U.S. Justice system at large. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://intheexecutionersshadow.com/trailere/ ) [753] => Array ( [objectID] => 5857 [title] => End Crime, not Life is not about protecting criminals, but about protecting vulnerable innocents [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/end-crime-not-life-is-not-about-protecting-criminals-but-about-protecting-vulnerable-innocents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cheong Chun Yin, a Malaysian boy, was about 23 years old when he was arrested for drug trafficking. A trusting boy he was asked to bring some ‘gold' to Singapore. Merri was a victim of domestic abuse, whose son had a heart defect. She took a job abroad to help pay his hospital bills. A loving man bought her a suitcase for her home journey. The tragedy of such stories is what keeps human rights activists and lawyers from ASEAN unrelenting in their opposition to the death penalty, for reasons they spell out in this video. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/endcrime-not-life-not-about-protecting-criminals-about-protecting-vulnerable ) [754] => Array ( [objectID] => 5866 [title] => Pakistan – Joint Submission UPR Review [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pakistan-joint-submission-upr-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joint submission for the Universal Periodic Review of Pakistan in 2017. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/28_03_2017_-PUB-Pakistan-UPR-Submission-final-1.pdf ) [755] => Array ( [objectID] => 5873 [title] => Singapore: Cooperate or die: Singapore’s flawed reforms to the mandatory death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/singapore-cooperate-or-die-singapores-flawed-reforms-to-the-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Singapore has recorded a significant reduction in its use of the death penalty in recent years, with executions dropping from more than 70 per year in the mid-1990s to single figures in the subsequent decade. Despite this progress, the death penalty in the country continues to be used in violation of international law and standards, particularly with respect to its mandatory application and use for drug-related offences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7158/2017/en/ ) [756] => Array ( [objectID] => 5876 [title] => Deterrence Podcast – Death Penalty Information Center [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence-podcast-death-penalty-information-center/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/podcast/audio/discussions/discussions-e11.mp3 ) [757] => Array ( [objectID] => 5879 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 22 – November 2017 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-22-november-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate22-nov2017-EN-1.pdf ) [758] => Array ( [objectID] => 5903 [title] => Overview on death row inmates: Taiwan’s Experience [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/overview-on-death-row-inmates-taiwans-experience/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Lin Hsinyi, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty for the Fact-finding workshop focused on the socioeconomic status of people on death row which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TAEDP-1.pdf ) [759] => Array ( [objectID] => 5907 [title] => The Death Penalty in the USA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Robert Dunham, Death Penalty Information Center, for the plenary session on the death penalty in the USA which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/RobertDunham-1.pdf ) [760] => Array ( [objectID] => 5927 [title] => Leaflet – 15th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-15th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2017 World Day leaflet provides information about poverty and the death penalty and presents 10 reasons why the death penalty is used discriminatorily, and often against the poor as well as arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_2017WorldDayLeaflet-1.pdf ) [761] => Array ( [objectID] => 5929 [title] => Poster – 15th World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-15th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 15th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to poverty. Poverty and Justice: a Deadly Mix. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017WorldDayPosterEN-1.jpg ) [762] => Array ( [objectID] => 5934 [title] => China’s deadly secret [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-deadly-secret/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Chinese government continues to conceal the extent to which capital punishment is being used in China, despite more than four decades of requests from UN bodies and the international community and despite the Chinese authorities’ own pledges to bring about increased openness in the country’s criminal justice system. This report focuses on the extent to which the authorities maintain near absolute secrecy over the death penalty system, while using partial and generally unverifiable disclosures to claim progress and reject demands for greater transparency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/5849/2017/en/ ) [763] => Array ( [objectID] => 5936 [title] => Digital Proceedings Oslo 2016 – 6th World congress against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/digital-proceedings-oslo-2016-6th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication brings together the contributions of experts and discussions among participants at the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2016. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://actes2016.ecpm.org/en/ ) [764] => Array ( [objectID] => 5942 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 21 – February 2017 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-21-february-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate-fev2017-EN-1.pdf ) [765] => Array ( [objectID] => 5944 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2016: trends confirm global movement toward restricted use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2016-trends-confirm-global-movement-toward-restricted-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The number of abolitionist countries continued to grow in 2016, but national crises have created a political climate that heightens the risk that the death penalty will be reintroduced in a handful of abolitionist nations.The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide assesses the evolutions of the worldwide situation of the death penalty in 2016. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://blog.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/2017/02/dp-in-2016.html ) [766] => Array ( [objectID] => 5945 [title] => Resolution 71/187 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-71-187-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2016 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/71/484/Add.2] 71/187. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2016 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/71/484/Add.2] 71/187. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/71/187 ) [767] => Array ( [objectID] => 6324 [title] => Ratification Kit – Morocco [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-morocco/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Morocco-EN-1.pdf ) [768] => Array ( [objectID] => 5452 [title] => Indonesian : Kejaksaan Agung Kembali Akan Laksanakan Hukuman Mati [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-kejaksaan-agung-kembali-akan-laksanakan-hukuman-mati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mengemukanya rencana kejagung untuk melaksanakan hukuman mati jilid ketiga mau tak mau memunculkan pro kontranya kembali. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/kejaksaan-agung-kembali-akan-laksanakan-hukuman-mati ) [769] => Array ( [objectID] => 5453 [title] => : Madam Eswari’s story [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/madam-eswaris-story/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => CADPA invited filmmaker Dawn Mikkelsen to make 8 short videos for a series called ‘Say Yes to Life’. Dawn spoke with many of those intimately linked with people on death row to bring you their stories. “Madam Eswari’s story’ is the first of these. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/madam-eswaris-story ) [770] => Array ( [objectID] => 5459 [title] => German : Poster – 14. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-14-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster für den Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe, im Bezug auf Terrorismus:Hinrichtungen sind die Waffe der Terroristen. Stoppt die Spirale der Gewalt. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016WorldDayPosterDE-1.jpg ) [771] => Array ( [objectID] => 5461 [title] => Italian : Poster – 14° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-14-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster del 14 ° Giornata Mondiale contro la pena di morte dedicato al terrorismo:Le esecuzioni sono l'arma dei terroristi. Interrompiamo il ciclo della violenza. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016WorldDayPosterIT-1.jpg ) [772] => Array ( [objectID] => 5778 [title] => Courting Death – The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/courting-death-the-supreme-court-and-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While execution chambers remain active in several states in the United States, constitutional regulation has contributed to the death penalty’s new fragility. In the next decade or two, Carol Steiker and Jordan Steiker argue, the fate of the American death penalty is likely to be sealed by this failed judicial experiment. Courting Death illuminates both the promise and pitfalls of constitutional regulation of contentious social issues. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674737426 ) [773] => Array ( [objectID] => 5960 [title] => Oregon’s death penalty disproportionately used against persons with significant mental impairments [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oregons-death-penalty-disproportionately-used-against-persons-with-significant-mental-impairments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although,by all functional measures, Oregonians have abandoned the death penalty, 35 condemned inmates remain on Oregon’s death row.What do we know about those people, and about the quality of justice that resulted in their death sentences? This report examines the cases of the condemned men and women in Oregon to see how they ended up there, and what patterns emerged.Here’s what we found: In Oregon, two-thirds of death row inmates possess signs of serious mental illness or intellectual impairment, endured devastatingly severe childhood trauma, or were not old enough to legally purchase alcohol at the time the offense occurred. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/new-report-oregons-death-penalty-disproportionately-used-against-persons-with-significant-mental-impairments/ ) [774] => Array ( [objectID] => 5963 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty: The Case of Puerto Rico – 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-the-case-of-puerto-rico-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After a presentation of the legislation regarding the death penalty in Puerto Rico, the report covers the death penalty situation in the State in 2015 (Puerto Ricans facing the death penalty in Puerto Rico and well as in U.S. states). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CoalicionPuertorriquenaContraLaPenaDeMuerte-InformeAnual2015-EN-1.pdf ) [775] => Array ( [objectID] => 5969 [title] => Kit Cities for Life – 2016 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-cities-for-life-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The International DayCities for Life - Cities against the DeathPenalty, is the largest international mobilization ofthe abolitionist movement.Its objective is to establish a dialogue within thecivil society on the topic and involve localadministrators, aiming at abolishing the deathpenalty and making the rejection of violence thetrue identity of a city and its citizens. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife2016-EN-1.pdf ) [776] => Array ( [objectID] => 5971 [title] => Too Broken to Fix: Part II – An In-depth Look at America’s Outlier Death Penalty Counties [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/too-broken-to-fix-part-ii-an-in-depth-look-at-americas-outlier-death-penalty-counties/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The trends are clear. In 2015, juries returned the fewest number of new death sentences—49—since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.Of the 3,143 county or county equivalents in the United States, only 16—or one half of one percent—imposed five or more death sentences between 2010 and 2015.This report takes a close look at how capital punishment operates on the ground in half of these active death-sentencing counties. In Part II, we highlight Dallas (TX), Jefferson(AL), San Bernardino (CA), Los Angeles (CA), Orange (CA), Miami-Dade (FL),Hillsborough (FL), and Pinellas (FL) counties.Our review of these counties, like the places profiled in Part I, reveals thatthese counties frequently share at least three systemic deficiencies: a history ofoverzealous prosecutions, inadequate defense lawyering, and a pattern of racialbias and exclusion. These structural failings regularly produce two types of unjustoutcomes which disproportionately impact people of color: the wrongful convictionof innocent people, and the excessive punishment of persons who are young or sufferfrom severe mental illnesses, brain damage, trauma, and intellectual disabilities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FPP-TooBroken_II.pdf ) [777] => Array ( [objectID] => 5974 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 20 – October 2016 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-20-october-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate20-Oct2016-EN-1.pdf ) [778] => Array ( [objectID] => 5981 [title] => 2016 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2016-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to its resolution 69/186. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. The report also reflects on trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. It also discusses the role of national human rights institutions and private companies, as well as regional and international initiatives for advancing the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/71/332 ) [779] => Array ( [objectID] => 5990 [title] => Too Broken to Fix: Part I – An In-depth Look at America’s Outlier Death Penalty Counties [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/too-broken-to-fix-part-i-an-in-depth-look-at-americas-outlier-death-penalty-counties/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The trends are clear. In 2015, juries returned the fewest number of new death sentences—49—since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.Of the 3,143 county or county equivalents in the United States, only 16—or one half of one percent—imposed five or more death sentences between 2010 and 2015.This report takes a close look at how capital punishment operates on the ground in half of these active death-sentencing counties. In this first report, we dig deep into Caddo, Clark, Duval, Harris, Maricopa, Mobile, Kern, and Riverside counties. Our review reveals that these counties frequently share at least three systemic deficiencies: a history of overzealous prosecutions, inadequate defense lawyering, and a pattern of racial bias and exclusion. These structural failings regularly produce two types of unjust outcomes which disproportionately impact people of color: the wrongful conviction of innocent people, and the excessive punishment of persons who are young or suffer from severe mental illnesses, brain damage, trauma, and intellectual disabilities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/FPP-TooBroken.pdf ) [780] => Array ( [objectID] => 6003 [title] => Leaflet – 14th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-14th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2016 World Day leaflet provides information about the countries that have the death penalty for terrorism and presents 10 things you should know about the death penalty for terrorism as well as arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_2016WorldDayLeaflet-1.pdf ) [781] => Array ( [objectID] => 6005 [title] => Poster – 14th Wold Day against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-14th-wold-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 14th Wold Day against the death penalty dedicated to terrorism: Execution is a terrorist's tool. Stop the cycle of violence [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016WorldDayPosterEN-1.jpg ) [782] => Array ( [objectID] => 6011 [title] => Death Penalty India Report – Volume 2 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-india-report-volume-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This project sought to answer questions regarding the socio-economic profile of prisoners sentenced to death in India while looking into the process of death sentencing in itself. By means of meaningful statistics and case studies, this report manages to enlighten some aspects of the death penalty in India which are generally not fully explored and triggers a sociological discussion on these thorny issues that goes beyond the legal analysis of Supreme Court judgments.Chapters:6) Experience in custody7) Trial and appeals8) Living on death row9) Seeking mercy10) ImpactLink to Volume 1: http://www.worldcoalition.org/resourcecentre/document/id/1462890615 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Death-Penalty-India-Report-Volume-2.pdf ) [783] => Array ( [objectID] => 6012 [title] => Death Penalty India Report – Volume 1 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-india-report-volume-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This project sought to answer questions regarding the socio-economic profile of prisoners sentenced to death in India while looking into the process of death sentencing in itself. By means of meaningful statistics and case studies, this report manages to enlighten some aspects of the death penalty in India which are generally not fully explored and triggers a sociological discussion on these thorny issues that goes beyond the legal analysis of Supreme Court judgments.Chapters:1) Coverage of the project2) Durations on death row3) Nature of crimes4) Socio-economic profile5) Legal assistanceLink to Volume 2: http://www.worldcoalition.org/resourcecentre/document/id/1463669874 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Death-Penalty-India-Report-Volume-1.pdf ) [784] => Array ( [objectID] => 6025 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 19 – January 2016 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-19-january-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate19-Jan2016-EN-1.pdf ) [785] => Array ( [objectID] => 5464 [title] => : Waiting for capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/waiting-for-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to Iranian law, the age when girls are held accountable for criminal punishment is nine years old, while international conventions have banned the death penalty for persons under 18. In Iran, the death penalty for children is used for crimes such as murder, drug trafficking, and armed robbery.Pursuant to the passing of new laws in recent years, the Iranian Judiciary System detains children in Juvenile Delinquents Correction Centers after their death sentence verdict, and a large number of them are hanged upon reaching age 18. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.lensculture.com/articles/sadegh-souri-waiting-for-capital-punishment#slide-1 ) [786] => Array ( [objectID] => 5465 [title] => Indonesian : Kaedilan ang Cacat. Peradilan Yang Tidak Adil Dan Hukuman Mati di Indonesia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-kaedilan-ang-cacat-peradilan-yang-tidak-adil-dan-hukuman-mati-di-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Meskipun protes keras dari Organisasi lokal dan hak asasi manusia internasional , pemerintah Indonesia baru di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo telah dieksekusi 14 orang , termasuk warga negara Indonesia dan asing , pada tahun 2015. Semua dari mereka telah dihukum karena perdagangan narkoba . Dalam kesempatan lain Presiden Widodo anche Lain Bahwa pemerintah publik akan menolak aplikasi apapun grasi dibuat oleh orang-orang yang dijatuhi hukuman mati untuk kejahatan narkoba . Yang laporan ini didasarkan pada pekerjaan Amnesty International selama tiga Dekade terakhir mendokumentasikan penggunaan hukuman mati di Indonesia , meliputi penelitian dilakukan selama kunjungan Maret 2015 ke negara itu . Laporan ini menyoroti 12 kasus individu tahanan hukuman mati , dari total 131 orang hukuman mati , yang mengarah ke masalah sistemik dalam administrasi Indonesia keadilan itu mengakibatkan pelanggaran hukum dan standar HAM internasional. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/2434/2015/en/ ) [787] => Array ( [objectID] => 5466 [title] => German : Poster – 13° Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-13-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster - 13° Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe: die Todesstrafe stoppt nicht den Drogenhandel [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => /media/resourcecenter/2015PosterDE.jpg ) [788] => Array ( [objectID] => 5467 [title] => Italian : Poster – 13° Giornata mondiale [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-13-giornata-mondiale/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster - 13° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte: La pena di morte non uccide il traffico di droga [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => /media/resourcecenter/2015PosterIT.jpg ) [789] => Array ( [objectID] => 5825 [title] => Factsheet – Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Court’s case-law and pending cases on abolition of the death penalty. It deals with death-row phenomenon - the risk of being stoned to death / of being sentended to death and the death penalty as result of unfair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Death_penalty_ENG.pdf ) [790] => Array ( [objectID] => 5854 [title] => On Trial: The Implementation of Pakistan’s Blasphemy Laws [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-trial-the-implementation-of-pakistans-blasphemy-laws/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Pakistan-On-Trial-Blasphemy-Laws-Publications-Thematic-Reports-2015-ENG.pdf ) [791] => Array ( [objectID] => 5913 [title] => Database Center for North Korean Human Rights – Briefings on public execution [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/database-center-for-north-korean-human-rights-briefings-on-public-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => NKDB hosts a monthly English language briefing and discussion on North Korean human rights every month with embassy officials, NGO staff, and NKDB staff as guests [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://nkdb.org/en/activities/briefings.php?board=briefings&act=view&no=30&page=3&search_mode=&search_word=&cid=&goUrl=/en/activities/briefings.php ) [792] => Array ( [objectID] => 5968 [title] => Note verbale dated 28 July 2015 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The permanent missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 69/186, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 21 November 2014 and subsequently by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 by a recorded vote. The permanent missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Bangladesh [2] => Botswana [3] => Brunei Darussalam [4] => China [5] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [6] => Egypt [7] => Ethiopia [8] => Guyana [9] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [10] => Iraq [11] => Jamaica [12] => Kuwait [13] => Libya [14] => Malaysia [15] => Nigeria [16] => Oman [17] => Pakistan [18] => Qatar [19] => Saudi Arabia [20] => Singapore [21] => Sudan [22] => Syrian Arab Republic [23] => Trinidad and Tobago [24] => United Arab Emirates [25] => Yemen [26] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/69/993 ) [793] => Array ( [objectID] => 6042 [title] => Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty – Yearly supplement of the Secretary-General to his quinquennial report [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-the-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-yearly-supplement-of-the-secretary-general-to-his-quinquennial-rep/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Report examines the possible consequences of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of various human rights, including human dignity, the right to life, the right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to a fair trial and the right to equality and non-discrimination. It further examines the human rights consequences of the lack of transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_18_ENG.docx ) [794] => Array ( [objectID] => 6058 [title] => Q&A: The Death Penalty and Drug Offenses [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/qa-the-death-penalty-and-drug-offenses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Q&A was prepared by Harm Reduction International (www.ihra.net), the International Drug PolicyConsortium (www.idpc.net) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (www.worldcoalition.org) aheadof World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2015. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2015_QA-1.pdf ) [795] => Array ( [objectID] => 6061 [title] => Killing in the Name of Justice. The Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-in-the-name-of-justice-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2015 Amnesty International's Report on Saudi Arabia gravely confirms that Saudi Arabia remains one of the most prolific executioners in the world. Between January 1985, the earliest year from when information on executions is available, and June 2015 it executed at least 2,200 persons, almost half of whom were foreign nationals. Over one third of these executions were carried out for offences that do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” for which the death penalty can be imposed under international law. Most of these crimes, such as drug-related offences, are not mandatorily punishable by death according to the authorities’ interpretation of Islamic Shari’a law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde23/2092/2015/en/ ) [796] => Array ( [objectID] => 6062 [title] => HANDS OFF CAIN’S 2015 REPORT. The Most Important Facts of 2014 (And the First Six Months of 2015) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hands-off-cains-2015-report-the-most-important-facts-of-2014-and-the-first-six-months-of-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2015 HANDS OFF CAIN's Report analyses the current status of executions around the world, providing detailed regional overviews. The Report confirms the worldwide trend towards abolition, even though the death penalty is still applied for violent and non-violent crimes, as in the contexts of the "war on drugs" and the "war on terror". [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=19305152 ) [797] => Array ( [objectID] => 6071 [title] => Detailed Fact Sheet – Death Penalty and Drug Crimes [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-fact-sheet-death-penalty-and-drug-crimes/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty and drug crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2015_Factsheet-1.pdf ) [798] => Array ( [objectID] => 6075 [title] => Leaflet – 13th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-13th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2015 World Day leaflet provides information on the issues surrounding drug crimes and the death penalty. It also gives arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2015WD-LeafletEN-1.pdf ) [799] => Array ( [objectID] => 6077 [title] => Poster – 13th Wold Day against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-13th-wold-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 13th Wold Day against the death penalty dedicated to drug crimes: the death penalty doesn't stop drug crimes [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2015WD_PosterEN-small-1.jpg ) [800] => Array ( [objectID] => 6086 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 18 – May 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-18-may-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate18-May2015-EN-1.pdf ) [801] => Array ( [objectID] => 6088 [title] => Oral Statement: 56th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oral-statement-56th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => During the 56th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Banjul, Gambia, 21 April – 7 May 2015, the FIACAT made an oral statement as they would like to would like to congratulate on the actions taken by the Committee for the prevention of torture in Africa since the 55th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR. Nevertheless, FIACAT remains greatly concerned by the number of cases of torture documented by its members (ACATs) and the impunity which torturers enjoy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.fiacat.org/oral-satement-56th-ordinary-session-of-the-achpr-fiacat-s-oral-statement-on-torture-in-africa ) [802] => Array ( [objectID] => 6101 [title] => Ratification Kit – Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-sierra-leone/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SierraLeone-EN-1.pdf ) [803] => Array ( [objectID] => 6103 [title] => Ratification Kit – Dominican Republic [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-dominican-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Dominican Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DominicanRepublic-EN-1.pdf ) [804] => Array ( [objectID] => 6105 [title] => Ratification Kit – Madagascar [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-madagascar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Madagascar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Madagascar-EN-1.pdf ) [805] => Array ( [objectID] => 6107 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 17 – March 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-17-march-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate17-mar2015-EN-1.pdf ) [806] => Array ( [objectID] => 6115 [title] => Resolution 69/186 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-69-186-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/69/488/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 69/186. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/69/488/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 69/186. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/69/186 ) [807] => Array ( [objectID] => 6127 [title] => UN advocacy: the universal periodic review – Death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/un-advocacy-the-universal-periodic-review-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PowerPoint presentation used at The Advocates for Human Rights’ training session on death penalty advocacy for the United Nations' Universal Periodic Review of human rights. See also the video of the presentation here. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://theadvocatespost.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/un-advocacy-upr-death-penalty-final.pptx ) [808] => Array ( [objectID] => 6129 [title] => Death Penalty Issues Checklist – Universal Periodic Review Stakeholder Reports [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-issues-checklist-universal-periodic-review-stakeholder-reports/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => List of points of international human rights law to review when submitting a report on a country's use of the death penalty to the United Nations' Universial Periodic Review. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://theadvocatespost.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/death-penalty-issues-checklist.pdf ) [809] => Array ( [objectID] => 6267 [title] => Kit for Cities Against the Death Penalty – 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-for-cities-against-the-death-penalty-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife2015-EN-1.pdf ) [810] => Array ( [objectID] => 5447 [title] => Japanese : 誤判の必然性死刑事件における司法 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e8%aa%a4%e5%88%a4%e3%81%ae%e5%bf%85%e7%84%b6%e6%80%a7-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e4%ba%8b%e4%bb%b6%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 本報告書は日本、アメリカ、台湾、カリブ海諸国、シエラレオネ共和国及びイギリスにおける実例と調査結果から、世界的な動向を紹介するものである。国際人権法は、不当な有罪判決及び無実あるいは公正な裁判を受けていない人間への死刑執行の可能性を認めている。その結果、国際基準は死刑事件に厳格な基準を課すこと及びより高度な適正手続きを適用することを目指している。各国に対して死刑の適用において厳密な手続的規則の尊重を求める自由権規約及びその他の国際基準については、付録に記載した。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://portfolio.cpl.co.uk/DPP/The-inevitability-of-error-japanese/1/ ) [811] => Array ( [objectID] => 5468 [title] => Italian : Lucca Comics & Games: Amnesty International Italia presenta Precious, un gioco di ruolo sulla pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-lucca-comics-games-amnesty-international-italia-presenta-precious-un-gioco-di-ruolo-sulla-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Il 1° novembre, nel corso della fiera Lucca Comics & Games 2014 verrà presentato Precious. La cosa più preziosa il primo gioco di ruolo sulla pena di morte, realizzato dall'Associazione Coyote Press con la collaborazione di Amnesty International Italia. La meccanica del gioco è accompagnata da un ampio saggio sul tema della pena capitale, realizzato dal Coordinamento pena di morte di Amnesty International Italia, che presenta dati e statistiche sul tema, casi per i quali si è attivata, spunti di informazione e discussione - dalla campagna contro la pena di morte ai diversi paradossi che questa porta con sé, la deterrenza, la discriminazione razziale e sociale, la negazione dei diritti. Il saggio è seguito da 10 ritratti di persone reali, coinvolte a vario titolo sul tema: condannati a morte, sostenitori della pena capitale, abolizionisti e attivisti per i diritti umani. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.it/Lucca-Comics-Games-presentazione-Precious-gioco-di-ruolo-sulla-pena-di-morte ) [812] => Array ( [objectID] => 5469 [title] => : [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/5469-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => ) [813] => Array ( [objectID] => 5517 [title] => German : Der Gerichtshof in 50 Fragen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-der-gerichtshof-in-50-fragen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Die Konvention unterscheidet zwischen zwei Beschwerdeformen: Individualbeschwerden, die von jeder natürlichen oder juristischen Person, Personenvereinigung oder nichtstaatlichen Organisation mit der Behauptung einer Verletzung der Konventionsrechte erhoben werden können, und Staatenbeschwerden, die von einem Konventionsstaat gegen einen anderen Konventionsstaat angestrengt werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/50Questions_DEU.pdf ) [814] => Array ( [objectID] => 5518 [title] => Ukrainian : ЄСПЛ у 50-ти запитаннях [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ukrainian-%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%bb-%d1%83-50-%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f%d1%85/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Конвенція розрізняє два види заяв: індивідуальні, які подаються будь-якою особою чи групою осіб, компанією чи неурядовою організацією стосовно порушення їх прав; та міждержавні заяви, подані однієї державою проти іншої. З часу заснування Суду майже всі заяви до нього подавалися приватними особами, які безпосередньо зверталися до Суду зі скаргами на одне чи декілька порушень Конвенції. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/50Questions_UKR.pdf ) [815] => Array ( [objectID] => 5816 [title] => Capital Punishment in Twentieth-Century Britain. Audience, Justice, Memory [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-in-twentieth-century-britain-audience-justice-memory/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing on primary research, this book explores the cultural life of the death penalty in Britain in the twentieth century, including an exploration of the role of the popular press and a discussion of portrayals of the death penalty in plays, novels and films. Popular protest against capital punishment and public responses to and understandings of capital cases are also discussed, particularly in relation to conceptualisations of justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.routledge.com/Capital-Punishment-in-Twentieth-Century-Britain-Audience-Justice-Memory/Seal/p/book/9780203104705 ) [816] => Array ( [objectID] => 5915 [title] => Terror on Death Row: The Abuse and Overuse of Pakistan’s Anti-Terrorism Legislation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/terror-on-death-row-the-abuse-and-overuse-of-pakistans-anti-terrorism-legislation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is a result of death row prisoner data from 38 prisons across Pakistan’s four provinces(Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (‘KPK ’),Punjab and Sindh. For most of Pakistan, the data runs to December 2012, thereby covering all those who are presently subject to execution dates. However, the report reflects further data on the province of Sindh running to October 2014 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2014_12_18_PUB-Pakistan-Terror-Courts-Report-JPP-and-Reprieve.pdf ) [817] => Array ( [objectID] => 6037 [title] => Parlamentarians and the Abolition of the Death Penalty – A Resource – [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/parlamentarians-and-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-a-resource/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This resource is for parlamentarians around the globe, currently working or thinking of working for the abolition of the death penalty. It is intended to provide some of the key arguments for abolition based on a series of case studies, showing how abolition has been achieved around the world. It is provided with an arguments section as well as with specific case studies based on countries that have either achieved abolition or have managed to achieve one of the intermediate steps toward abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-ResourceParliamentarians2015-EN-1.pdf ) [818] => Array ( [objectID] => 6110 [title] => European Aid for Executions : How European Counternarcotics Aid Enables Death Sentences & Executions in Iran and Pakistan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/european-aid-for-executions-how-european-counternarcotics-aid-enables-death-sentences-executions-in-iran-and-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Information gathered by Reprieve andpublished for the first time in this reportexposes how counter-narcotics aidprovided to Iran and Pakistan by Europeangovernments has ended up enabling andencouraging death sentences and executionsfor drug offences in those countries. Thereport’s findings are the product of two yearsof research, synthesising unpublished deathrow data obtained from Iranian and Pakistaniprisons with data on European counter-narcotics aid delivered through the UnitedNations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/European-Aid-for-Executions-A-Report-by-Reprieve.pdf ) [819] => Array ( [objectID] => 6114 [title] => The True Legacy of Atkins and Roper: The Unreliability Principle, Mentally Ill Defendants, and the Death Penalty’s Unraveling [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-true-legacy-of-atkins-and-roper-the-unreliability-principle-mentally-ill-defendants-and-the-death-penaltys-unraveling/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In striking down the death penalty for intellectually disabled and juvenile defendants, Atkins v. Virginia and Roper v. Simmons have been understandably heralded as important holdings under the Court's Eighth Amendment jurisprudence that has found the death penalty "disproportional" for certain types of defendants and crimes. This Article argues, however, that the cases have a far more revolutionary reach than their conventional understanding. In both cases the Court went one step beyond its usual two-step analysis of assessing whether imposing the death penalty violated "evolving standards of decency." This extra step looked at why even though intellectual disability and youth were powerful mitigators, juries were not able to reliably use them in their decision making. The Court thus articulated expressly for the first time what this Article calls the "unreliability principle:" if too great a risk exists that constitutionally protected mitigation cannot be reliably assessed, the unreliability means that the death penalty cannot be constitutionally imposed. In recognizing the unreliability principle, the Court has called into serious question the death penalty for other offenders to whom the principle applies, such as mentally ill defendants. And, unlike with the "evolving standards" analysis, the unreliability principle does not depend on whether a national consensus exists against the practice. This Article identifies the six Atkins-Roper factors that bring the unreliability principle into play and shows why they make application of the death penalty to mentally ill defendants unconstitutional. The principle, which finds its constitutional home in the cases of Woodson v. North Carolina and Lockett v. Ohio, has profound implications for the death penalty, and if taken to its logical endpoint calls into question the Court's core premise since Furman v. Georgia, that by providing individualized consideration of a defendant and his crime, the death penalty decision will be free of arbitrariness. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2532510 ) [820] => Array ( [objectID] => 6136 [title] => A Tale of Two (and Possibly Three) Atkins: Intellectual Disability and Capital Punishment Twelve Years after The Supreme Court’s Creation of a Categorical Bar [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-tale-of-two-and-possibly-three-atkins-intellectual-disability-and-capital-punishment-twelve-years-after-the-supreme-courts-creation-of-a-categorical-bar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The article, with three co-authors, examines empirically the capital cases decided by the lower courts since the United States Supreme Court created the categorical ban against the execution of persons with intellectual disability twelve years ago in the Atkins decision. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2549737 ) [821] => Array ( [objectID] => 6171 [title] => 2014 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2014-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to its resolution 67/176. It discusses trends towardsthe abolition of the death penalty andthe establishment of moratoriums on executions. The report also reflects on the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty and discusses various international and regional initiativesfor the implementation of resolution67/176. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/288 ) [822] => Array ( [objectID] => 6172 [title] => Question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submittedin order to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. The reportconfirms that the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty is continuing.However, numerous concerns remain with regard to the lack of respect for internationalhuman rights norms and standards in States that still impose the death penalty. Asrequested in Human Rights Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes informationon the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/27/23 ) [823] => Array ( [objectID] => 6183 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 16 – October 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-16-october-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate16-Oct2014-EN-1.pdf ) [824] => Array ( [objectID] => 6187 [title] => Capital Punishment A Hazard to a Sustainable Criminal Justice System? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-a-hazard-to-a-sustainable-criminal-justice-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book questions whether the death penalty in and of itself is a hazard to a sustainable development of criminal justice. As most jurisdictions move away from the death penalty, some remain strongly committed to it, while others hold on to it but use it sparingly. This volume seeks to understand why, by examining the death penalty’s relationship to state governance in the past and present. It also examines how international, transnational and national forces intersect in order to understand the possibilities of future death penalty abolition.The chapters cover the USA - the only western democracy that still uses the death penalty - and Asia - the site of some 90 per cent of all executions. Also included are discussions of the death penalty in Islam and its practice in selected Muslim majority countries. There is also a comparative chapter departing from the response to the mass killings in Norway in 2011. Leading experts in law, criminology and human rights combine theory and empirical research to further our understanding of the relationships between ways of governance, the role of leadership and the death penalty practices. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&title_id=19084&edition_id=23974 ) [825] => Array ( [objectID] => 6205 [title] => Factsheet – Lawyers [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by ensuring that adequate mental health expertise is available for defendants in capital cases in which mental or intellectual disabilities are claimed as a factor. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Lawyers-1.pdf ) [826] => Array ( [objectID] => 6207 [title] => Fact Sheet – Judges [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fact-sheet-judges/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by implementing existing standards barring the imposition of death sentences or executions on those with intellectual disabilities and those who are seriously mentally ill. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Judges-1.pdf ) [827] => Array ( [objectID] => 6217 [title] => The Death Penalty Project’s Annual Lecture 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-projects-annual-lecture-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 28th January 2014, DPP's 3rd lecture was held at the Inner Temple, London. Professor William Schabas delivered a lecture entitled “Universal Abolition: Only a Decade Away“. This video recording of the lecture includes the Q&A session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7kwwyygA0A#t=464 ) [828] => Array ( [objectID] => 6218 [title] => #nodeathpenalty – Signs [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nodeathpenalty-signs/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For this 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty the World Coalition has decided to focus on a social media campaign which it hopes will spread the truth about death penalty more widely than ever before. The concept is simple. People will make signs stating why they are against the death penalty and take a photo of themselves holding that sign and upload it onto a social media platform, with the hashtag #nodeathpenalty. With the photo uploaded, the person will nominate at least 3 people to do the same, thus creating an exponential (snowball) effect. Think of it as a cross between the #bringbackourgirls campaign in support for [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/nodeathpenalty-signs-English-version-1.pdf ) [829] => Array ( [objectID] => 6220 [title] => #nodeathpenalty – Flyer [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nodeathpenalty-flyer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For this 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty the World Coalition has decided to focus on a social media campaign which it hopes will spread the truth about death penalty more widely than ever before. The concept is simple. People will make signs stating why they are against the death penalty and take a photo of themselves holding that sign and upload it onto a social media platform, with the hashtag #nodeathpenalty. With the photo uploaded, the person will nominate at least 3 people to do the same, thus creating an exponential (snowball) effect. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/nodeathpenalty-flyer_EN-1.pdf ) [830] => Array ( [objectID] => 6228 [title] => Detailed Fact Sheet – Death Penalty and Mental Health [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-fact-sheet-death-penalty-and-mental-health/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty and mental health. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014_Fact_Sheet_Final-1.pdf ) [831] => Array ( [objectID] => 6230 [title] => Mobilisation Kit 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also suggests 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2014_V0.1-1.pdf ) [832] => Array ( [objectID] => 6234 [title] => The Death Penalty in Taiwan: a Report on Taiwan’s legal obligations under the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-taiwan-a-report-on-taiwans-legal-obligations-under-the-iccpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report highlights specific aspects of Taiwan’s domestic legal order that does not meet the minimum standards under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Taiwan passed legislation to incorporate the ICCPR into the domestic legal order in 2009, yet the current death penalty practice is largely out of line with the contemporary understanding of the ICCPR as it relates to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://portfolio.cpl.co.uk/DPP/Taiwan-report/1/ ) [833] => Array ( [objectID] => 6235 [title] => Leaflet – 12th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-12th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2013 World Day leaflet provides information on the issues surrounding mental health and the death penalty. It also gives arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-8-pages-WEB-1.pdf ) [834] => Array ( [objectID] => 6239 [title] => Poster – 12th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-12th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 12th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to mental health:Mental disorder is never a crimeCare. Don't kill [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Poster_12th-World-Day-1-scaled.jpg ) [835] => Array ( [objectID] => 6242 [title] => Statement on Executions in the USA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/statement-on-executions-in-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Following the botched execution of Clayton Lockett in Oklahoma on 29 April, the United Nations called on the United States to suspend executions in the face of potential international law violations. The World Coalition supports this call. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Statement_USA_Botched-Executions_May2014_EN-1.pdf ) [836] => Array ( [objectID] => 6253 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 15 – March 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-15-march-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate15-Mar2014-EN-1.pdf ) [837] => Array ( [objectID] => 6255 [title] => Supreme Court of India ruling in Shatrughan Chauhan & Anr. Versus Union of India & Ors. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/supreme-court-of-india-ruling-in-shatrughan-chauhan-anr-versus-union-of-india-ors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Court (pictured) ruled in favour of two prisoners who petitioned for a commutation of their death sentences to life imprisonment, claiming “the unconscionably long delay in deciding the mercy petition has caused the onset of chronic psychotic illness”. It acknowledged the “unbearable mental agony after confirmation of death sentence” and added that in some cases “death-row prisoners lost their mental balance on account of prolonged anxiety and suffering experienced on death row”. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/wpc552013.pdf ) [838] => Array ( [objectID] => 6256 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 14 – January 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-14-january-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate14-Jan2014-EN-1.pdf ) [839] => Array ( [objectID] => 6258 [title] => Ratification Kit – Haiti [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-haiti/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Haiti ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Haiti-EN-1.pdf ) [840] => Array ( [objectID] => 6260 [title] => Ratification Kit – Togo [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-togo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Togo-EN-1.pdf ) [841] => Array ( [objectID] => 5470 [title] => Japanese : 死刑囚の子ども達の未来に向けて [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e5%9b%9a%e3%81%ae%e5%ad%90%e3%81%a9%e3%82%82%e9%81%94%e3%81%ae-%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%e3%81%ab%e5%90%91%e3%81%91%e3%81%a6/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 本レポートは，初めに死刑囚の子どもについての基本的情報，すなわち，親が刑事司法制度において裁かれるに全過程を通じて現れる諸問題を提示する。次に，一般的な受刑者の子どもが直面する問題点との類似性を踏まえつつ，死刑囚の子どものケースは異なるものであることに焦点を当てる。世界における受刑者の子どもが置かれた状況の詳細については，勧告や望ましい実践例も含め，QUNO発刊のCollat-eralConvicts （2012）を参照していただきたい。第三に，死刑囚の子どもだけが体験する根本的に特有な問題点を検討する。本レポートは，限られた数の勧告のみを掲示している。これは，網羅的であることを意図するのではなく，前向きな展開が明確な分野の勧告のみを取り上げたためである。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/Lightening%20the%20Load-Web-JP.pdf ) [842] => Array ( [objectID] => 5477 [title] => Belarusian : відэа: “Палёт” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/belarusian-%d0%b2%d1%96%d0%b4%d1%8d%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%91%d1%82/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Анімацыйная стужка, створаная таленавітымі валанцёрамі кампаніі "Праваабаронцы супраць смяротнага пакарання" раскрывае тэму незваротнасці і жорсткасці смяротнага прысуду. Беларусь -- апошняя краіна ў Еўропе і на постсавецкай прасторы, якая выкарыстоўвае смяротнае пакаранне. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&list=UUfP4k-QJViA0bBkr_X7D6kg&v=mH2SYEJsUdU ) [843] => Array ( [objectID] => 5478 [title] => Greek : НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ УГОЛОВНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В КИТАЕ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/greek-%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Бурное социально-экономическое развитие КНР в последние годы обусловило изменения, произошедшие в современном китайском обществе, что, в свою очередь, повлекло необходи- мость изменения уголовного законодательства Китая. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cj.isea.ru/pdf.asp?id=8110 ) [844] => Array ( [objectID] => 5504 [title] => German : Was ist die OSZE? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-was-ist-die-osze/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Europa ist mit neuen Bedrohungen und Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Mit ihrem vielseitigen Sicherheitsbegriff bietet die OSZE der Region ein Forum für politischen Dialog und Verhandlungen und eine Plattform für multilaterale Partnerschaften, die der praktischen Arbeit vor Ort dienen. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/de/secretariat/35780?download=true ) [845] => Array ( [objectID] => 5505 [title] => Italian : COS’È L’OSCE? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-cose-losce/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => L’Europa affronta nuove minacce e sfide. Grazie al suo approccio globale alla sicurezza, l’OSCE offre alla regione un forum per il dialogo e per i negoziati politici, nonché una piattaforma per partenariati multilaterali che attuano iniziative concrete sul terreno. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/it/secretariat/35778?download=true ) [846] => Array ( [objectID] => 6133 [title] => The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, Volume 3 : Policy and Governance [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-international-library-of-essays-on-capital-punishment-volume-3-policy-and-governance/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This volume provides analyses of a range of subjects and issues in the death penalty debate, from medicine to the media. The essays address in particular the personal complexities of those involved, a fundamental part of the subject usually overridden by the theoretical and legal aspects of the debate. The unique personal vantage offered by this volume makes it essential reading for anyone interested in going beyond the removed theoretical understanding of the death penalty, to better comprehending its fundamental humanity. Additionally, the international range of the analysis, enabling disaggregation of country specific motivations, ensures the complexities of the death penalty are also considered from a global perspective. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&forthcoming=1&title_id=19273&edition_id=24738 ) [847] => Array ( [objectID] => 6134 [title] => The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, Volume 2 : Abolition and Alternatives to Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-international-library-of-essays-on-capital-punishment-volume-2-abolition-and-alternatives-to-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The essays selected for this volume develop conventional abolition discourse and explore the conceptual framework through which abolition is understood and posited. Of particular interest is the attention given to an integral but often forgotten element of the abolition debate: alternatives to capital punishment. The volume also provides an account of strategies employed by the abolition community which challenges tired methodologies and offers a level of transparency previously unseen. This collection tackles complex but fundamental components of the capital punishment debate using empirical data and expert observations and is essential reading for those wishing to comprehend the fundamental issues which underpin capital punishment discourse. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&forthcoming=1&title_id=19272&edition_id=24737 ) [848] => Array ( [objectID] => 6135 [title] => The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, Volume 1 : Justice and Legal Issues [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-international-library-of-essays-on-capital-punishment-volume-1-justice-and-legal-issues/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This volume provides up-to-date and nuanced analysis across a wide spectrum of capital punishment issues. The essays move beyond the conventional legal approach and propose fresh perspectives, including a unique critique of the abolition sector. Written by a range of leading experts with diverse geographical, methodological and conceptual approaches, the essays in this volume challenge received wisdom and embrace a holistic understanding of capital punishment based on practical experience and empirical data. This collection is indispensable reading for anyone seeking a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the complexity of the death penalty discourse. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&forthcoming=1&title_id=19271&edition_id=24736 ) [849] => Array ( [objectID] => 6150 [title] => Note verbale dated 16 April 2013 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The permanent missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 67/176, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 19 November 2012, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 20 December 2012 by a recorded vote. The permanent missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Antigua and Barbuda [2] => Bahrain [3] => Bangladesh [4] => Barbados [5] => Botswana [6] => Brunei Darussalam [7] => Chad [8] => China [9] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [10] => Egypt [11] => Equatorial Guinea [12] => Eritrea [13] => Eswatini [14] => Ethiopia [15] => Grenada [16] => Guyana [17] => India [18] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [19] => Iraq [20] => Jamaica [21] => Kuwait [22] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [23] => Libya [24] => Malaysia [25] => Mauritania [26] => Myanmar [27] => Nigeria [28] => Oman [29] => Pakistan [30] => Papua New Guinea [31] => Qatar [32] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [33] => Saint Lucia [34] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [35] => Saudi Arabia [36] => Singapore [37] => Solomon Islands [38] => Somalia [39] => Sudan [40] => Syrian Arab Republic [41] => Tonga [42] => Trinidad and Tobago [43] => Uganda [44] => United Arab Emirates [45] => Yemen [46] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/67/841 ) [850] => Array ( [objectID] => 6209 [title] => The Death Penalty and Intellectual Disability: A Guide [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-intellectual-disability-a-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the 2002 landmark decision Atkins v. Virginia 536 U.S. 304, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that executing a person with intellectual disability is a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits “cruel and unusual punishment,” but left states to determine their own criteria for intellectual disability. AAIDD has always advocated against the death penalty for people with intellectual disability and has long provided amicus curiae briefs in Supreme Court cases. Thus, in this comprehensive new book published by AAIDD, notable authors in the field of intellectual disability discuss all aspects of the issues, with a particular focus on foundational considerations, assessment factors and issues, and professional concerns in Atkins assessments. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://aaidd.org/publications/bookstore-home/product-listing/2013/07/01/the-death-penalty-and-intellectual-disability-a-guide ) [851] => Array ( [objectID] => 6214 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: A report on Japan’s legal obligations under the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and an assessment of public attitudes to capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-a-report-on-japans-legal-obligations-under-the-international-convenant-on-civil-and-political-rights-and-an-assessment-of-public-attitudes-to-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report was commissioned by the Death Penalty Project in order to assess Japan's legal obligations on the use of the death penalty under the ICCPR, and to examine the related subject of public attitudes toward capital punishment in Japan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://content.yudu.com/A22nfv/DPP-Japan-Report/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathpenaltyproject.org%2Flegal-resources%2Fresearch-publications%2Fthe-death-penalty-in-japan%2F ) [852] => Array ( [objectID] => 6264 [title] => Death penalty in Iran: A State terror policy – Special Update for 11th World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-iran-a-state-terror-policy-special-update-for-11th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The change of administration in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and taking of office by a new president on 3 August 2013 has not brought any change as far as the death penalty is concerned. Between the 14 June presidential election and 1st October, more than 200 people have been reportedly executed, including possibly three people who may have been younger than 18 at the time of the commission of the alleged crimes.Against this backdrop, FIDH and its member organisation, LDDHI, have decided topublish the present report to analyse the new penal laws in force in Iran that are invoked consistently to violate the right to life in general and to execute child offenders. Coinciding with 10 October 2013, World Day against the Death Penalty, this report aimsto serve as an update on the current state of application of the death penalty in the IRI. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.scribd.com/document_downloads/175038412?extension=pdf&from=embed&source=embed ) [853] => Array ( [objectID] => 6265 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 13 – November 2013 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-13-november-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate13-Nov2013-EN-1.pdf ) [854] => Array ( [objectID] => 6273 [title] => Oral Statement from Amnesty International during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed (Human Rights Council, 24th Session) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oral-statemen-from-amnesty-international-during-the-panel-on-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-the-death-penalty-or-executed-human-rights-council-24th-session/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Oral Statement from Amnesty International during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed, Human Rights Council, 24th Session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/IOR41/013/2013/en/b49913e1-5e41-4165-bae3-330aca9c35c0/ior410132013en.pdf ) [855] => Array ( [objectID] => 6278 [title] => Children of parents sentenced to death or executed: How are they affected? How can they be supported? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death-or-executed-how-are-they-affected-how-can-they-be-supported/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => From the point of arrest decades after the execution or release of a parent accused of a capital crime, the children’s mental health and wellbeing, living situation, and relationships with others can all be affected, usually in a devastating manner. The inherent trauma of knowing that a loved one is going to be executed can be exacerbated by public indifference or hostility, and by authorities who either fail to recognise or deliberately refuse to consider the situation of these children. This publication addresses the challenges to support the children. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.quno.org/geneva/pdf/humanrights/women-in-prison/webChildren_English.pdf ) [856] => Array ( [objectID] => 6279 [title] => Petition – Guatemala [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/petition-guatemala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 2013 World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is asking Guatemala to abolish the death penalty for all crimes in law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [857] => Array ( [objectID] => 6280 [title] => Petition – Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/petition-barbados-and-trinidad-tobago/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 2013 World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is asking Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago to abolish the mandatory death penalty for all crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2013WorldDayPetition-Barbados-TT-1.pdf ) [858] => Array ( [objectID] => 6282 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 12 – September 2013 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-12-september-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate12-Sept2013-EN-1.pdf ) [859] => Array ( [objectID] => 6288 [title] => Fact Sheet – Death Penalty in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fact-sheet-death-penalty-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2013WorldDayFactSheet-1.pdf ) [860] => Array ( [objectID] => 6293 [title] => Leaflet – World Coalition Presentation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-coalition-presentation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of the World Coalition's activities [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PresentationCoalition-EN_BD-1.pdf ) [861] => Array ( [objectID] => 6309 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 11 – Mai 2013 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-11-mai-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate11-May2013-EN-1.pdf ) [862] => Array ( [objectID] => 6311 [title] => Leaflet – 11th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-11th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The leaflet of the 2013 World Day provides information on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean. It also gives arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_2013WorldDayLeaflet-1.pdf ) [863] => Array ( [objectID] => 6313 [title] => Poster – 11th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-11th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 11th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to the Caribbean:Stop Crime, not Live. Abolish the Death Penalty now [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2013WorldDayPoster_EN-1.jpg ) [864] => Array ( [objectID] => 6321 [title] => Resolution 67/176 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-67-176-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2012 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/67/457/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 67/176. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => Resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2012 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/67/457/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 67/176. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/67/176 ) [865] => Array ( [objectID] => 6348 [title] => WMA Resolution to Reaffirm the WMA’s Prohibition of Physician Partecipation in Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wma-resolution-to-reaffirm-the-wmas-prohibition-of-physician-partecipation-in-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Medical Association has strengthened its opposition to capital punishment with a resolution at its recent conference in Bangkok that "physicians will not facilitate the importation or prescription of drugs for execution." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/c23/index.html.pdf?print-media-type&footer-right=[page]/[toPage] ) [866] => Array ( [objectID] => 6349 [title] => Film: “Execution” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International Presents a Groundbreaking Film Event That Takes the Audience to the Front Row of an Execution--Regal Cinemas opens its doors in eight major cities across America for this first-of-a-kind motion picture less than 1 week after California's attempt to repeal the death penalty fails. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.executionfilm.com/ ) [867] => Array ( [objectID] => 6350 [title] => Film “Kill Troy Killing Me” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-kill-troy-killing-me/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A death penalty abolitionist (Martina Correia) must sound the alarms of our criminal justice system in time to save her brother from lethal injection. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll8zMcNnjkU ) [868] => Array ( [objectID] => 6362 [title] => Video “Flight” – animation about death penalty in Belarus [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/video-flight-animation-about-death-penalty-in-belarus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The animation film, created by talented volunteers of the campaign "Human Rights Defenders against Death Penalty", dwells on the topic of the cruelty and inhumanity of the death penalty in Belarus. Our country is the last one in Europe and on the post-Soviet space where the death penalty is still used [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://spring96.org/en/news/60563 ) [869] => Array ( [objectID] => 6363 [title] => Article: “Viedo Darryll Stallworth, Former Prosecutor supports SAFE California” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/article-viedo-darryll-stallworth-former-prosecutor-supports-safe-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Short video of Darryl Stallworth, a former California Deputy DA who once sought the death penalty as a prosecutor -- and now wants to replace the death penalty with life without parole. Darryl believes Prop. 34 is right step for California, and I wanted to share his story with you, too [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.safecalifornia.org/act/one-minute-changed-his-life?track=ema_20120510fwd&tag=ema_20120510fwd&utm_source=ema_20120510fwd&utm_medium=ema_&utm_campaign=fwd ) [870] => Array ( [objectID] => 6367 [title] => Film “THE ROAD TO LIVINGSTON” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-the-road-to-livingston/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Delia Perez-Meyer, an elementary school teacher, has taken a weeklyjourney from the classroom to death row for the past 12 years. She tells of her personal voyage, beginning from a place of frustration to acceptanceand hopeful activism. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.austinfilm.org/film-the-road-to-livingston-docs-in-progress ) [871] => Array ( [objectID] => 5471 [title] => Japanese : 联合国关于在刑事司法系统中获得法律援助机会的原则和准则 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e8%81%94%e5%90%88%e5%9b%bd%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e5%9c%a8%e5%88%91%e4%ba%8b%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e8%8e%b7%e5%be%97%e6%b3%95%e5%be%8b%e6%8f%b4%e5%8a%a9%e6%9c%ba%e4%bc%9a/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 经济及社会理事会决议 [根据预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会的建议(E/2012/30和Corr.1和2)通过] [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/RES/2012/15&referer=/english/&Lang=C ) [872] => Array ( [objectID] => 5475 [title] => Portuguese : Homofobia do Estado: Uma pesquisa mundial sobre legislações que criminalizam relações sexuais consensuais entre adultos do mesmo sexo [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-homofobia-do-estado-uma-pesquisa-mundial-sobre-legislacoes-que-criminalizam-relacoes-sexuais-consensuais-entre-adultos-do-mesmo-sexo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Este relatório anual é caracterizado por contrastes – algumas vitórias a serem celebradas contra um conjunto de leis odiosas ainda em vigência e contra os crimes de ódio ao redor do mundo. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_Homofobia_do_Estado_2012.pdf ) [873] => Array ( [objectID] => 5476 [title] => Japanese : 死刑を止めた国・韓国 [単行本] [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%82%92%e6%ad%a2%e3%82%81%e3%81%9f%e5%9b%bd%e3%83%bb%e9%9f%93%e5%9b%bd-%e5%8d%98%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%ac/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => なぜ韓国は15年間死刑執行がないのか。事実上の死刑廃止国・韓国から学ぶ。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130115p2a00m0na015000c.html ) [874] => Array ( [objectID] => 5479 [title] => Georgian : უვადო თავისუფლების აღკვეთისა და გრძელვადიანი სასჯელების გამოყენება და აღსრულება საქართველოში [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/georgian-%e1%83%a3%e1%83%95%e1%83%90%e1%83%93%e1%83%9d-%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%91%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a6%e1%83%99/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => საქართველოში ბოლო განაჩენი სიკვდილით დასჯის შესახებ აღსრულებულ იქნა სავარაუდოდ 1992/93 წლებში. სიკვდილით დასჯილთა შესახებ სტატისტიკურიინფორმაცია გამოთხოვილ იქნა სასჯელაღსრულების პრობაციისა და იურიდიული დახმარების სამინისტროს სასჯელაღსრულების დეპარტამენტიდან, თუმცა მიღებული პასუხის თანახმად, აღნიშნული ინფორმაცია ვერ იქნა მოძიებული [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/South%20Caucasus%20Research%20Report%20Death%20Penalty%20and%20Alternatives%20GEORGIAN.pdf ) [875] => Array ( [objectID] => 5480 [title] => Korean : Death Penalty: Another Murder [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-death-penalty-another-murder/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For 15 years there have been no executions in South Korea. The film focuses mainly on South Korea through the stories of those directly affected by the death penalty and others outside the country who argue the case for abolition from the perspective of victims' families, Renny Cushing, Murder Victims Families for Human Rights. It includes testimony from those sentenced to death, a prison warden, the former President of South Korea, Kim Dae Jung, a former prisoner of conscience who was himself sentenced to death and who introduced a moratorium during his presidency. No executions have taken place in South Korea since former President Kim Dae Jung announced his decision. In September South Korea celebrated 5,000 days with no executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://adam.amnesty.org/asset-bank/action/search?attribute_603=Another+Murder ) [876] => Array ( [objectID] => 5481 [title] => Italian : Ratifica del protocollo n° 13 alla Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali relativo all’abolizione delle pena di morte in ogni circostanza [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-ratifica-del-protocollo-n-13-alla-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali-relativo-allabolizione-delle-pena-di-morte-in-ogni-circost/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Status della raticazione del Protocollo 13 ECHR [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?CL=ITA&CM=&NT=187&DF=&VL= ) [877] => Array ( [objectID] => 5482 [title] => German : Ratifizierung des Protokoll Nr. 13 zur Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten bezüglich der Abschaffung der Todesstrafe unter allen Umständen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-ratifizierung-des-protokoll-nr-13-zur-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten-bezuglich-der-abschaffung-der-todesstrafe-unter-allen-umstanden/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Status der Ratifizierung des Protokolls 13 ECHR [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?CL=GER&CM=&NT=187&DF=&VL= ) [878] => Array ( [objectID] => 5483 [title] => Thai : สถานการณ์โทษประหาร และการประหารชีวิต ในปี 2554 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/thai-%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%96%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%93%e0%b9%8c%e0%b9%82%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%a9%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3-%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%b0/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => รายงานข้อมูลการใช้โทษประหารชีวิตในปี 2554 เป็นเครื่องยืนยันว่าทั่วโลกมีแนวโน้มที่มุ่งสู่การยกเลิกโทษประหาร จำ� นวนประเทศที่มีการประหารชีวิตลดลงจากปีที่ผ่านมา และในภาพรวมมีความก้าวหน้าเกิดขึ้นในทุกภูมิภาคของโลก สหรัฐอเมริกาเป็นเพียงประเทศเดียวในกลุ่มประเทศอุตสาหกรรม G8ที่ยังมีการประหารชีวิตอยู่ มลรัฐอิลลินอยส์เป็นรัฐที่ 16 ซึ่งยกเลิกโทษประหารและในเดือนพฤศจิกายน จอห์น คิตซ์ฮาร์เบอร์ (John Kitzhaber) ผู้ว่าการมลรัฐโอเรกอนประกาศยุติการใช้โทษประหารชั่วคราว [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2012/en/af1daeff-8121-48b8-bd39-01f7fea430ac/act500012012th.pdf ) [879] => Array ( [objectID] => 5484 [title] => Korean : 연례사형현황 보고서 2011 사형선고와 사형집행 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-%ec%97%b0%eb%a1%80%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ed%98%84%ed%99%a9-%eb%b3%b4%ea%b3%a0%ec%84%9c-2011-%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ec%84%a0%ea%b3%a0%ec%99%80-%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ec%a7%91%ed%96%89/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2011년 세계 사형현황은 전세계적인 사형폐지 움직임을 잘 나타내주고 있다. 사형을 적용하는 국가의 수는 예년에 비해 더 줄어들었으며 세계 모든 지역에서 사형폐지를 향한 움직임이 있었다.미국은 G8 국가들 중 유일하게 사형을 집행했지만 일리노이 주(州)가 16번째 사형폐지주가 되었고 오레곤 주지사가 사형집행모라토리엄을 선포하는 등 일정 부분에서 발전이 있었다. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2012/en/b3820c01-fa89-4013-97a1-58677236dce5/act500012012ko.pdf ) [880] => Array ( [objectID] => 5485 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2011 (E DEI PRIMI SEI MESI DEL 2012) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2011-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata nel 2011 e anche nei primi sei mesi del 2012.I Paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 155. Di questi, i Paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 99; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 7; quelli che attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i Paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni o che si sono impegnati internazionalmente ad abolire la pena di morte, sono 44. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=16308814 ) [881] => Array ( [objectID] => 6269 [title] => Caribbean Human Development Report – Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/caribbean-human-development-report-human-development-and-the-shift-to-better-citizen-security/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Caribbean Human Development Report reviews the current state of crime as well as national and regional policies and programmes to address the problem in seven English- and Dutch-speaking Caribbean countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. The new study recommends that Caribbean governments implement youth crime prevention through education, as well as provide employment opportunities that target the marginalized urban poor. A shift in focus is needed it says, from a state protection approach to one that focuses on citizen security and participation, promoting law enforcement that is fair, accountable, and more respectful of human rights. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://hdr.undp.org/fr/content/human-development-and-shift-better-citizen-security ) [882] => Array ( [objectID] => 6344 [title] => BN at 6 – Our Stories, Our Miracles: Sentenced to Death, An Innocent Man Steps Out After 24 Years in Prison – Olatunji Olaide shares his story of Survival, Freedom & Hope [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bn-at-6-our-stories-our-miracles-sentenced-to-death-an-innocent-man-steps-out-after-24-years-in-prison-olatunji-olaide-shares-his-story-of-survival-freedom-hope/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Olatunji Olaide was wrongfully arrested and subsequently sentenced to death. He shares the harrowing experience of his time in prison and his survival and freedom with BN and how he kept his head high in the face of the storm.We hope that you are inspired by it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/07/19/bn-at-6-our-stories-our-miracles-an-innocent-man-steps-out-after-24-years-in-prison-olatunji-olaide-shares-his-story-of-pain-survival-freedom/ ) [883] => Array ( [objectID] => 6355 [title] => Article: “Troy Davis: Why Poster Boys Don’t Matter” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/article-troy-davis-why-poster-boys-dont-matter/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Is the Troy Davis case the tipping point on the capital punishment debate? Unfortunately, not until the majority of Americans believes that killing—even an unquestionably guilty murderer—is wrong. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.guernicamag.com/daily/david_r_dow_troy_davis_why_pos/ ) [884] => Array ( [objectID] => 6397 [title] => FHRI and PRI submission to the UN Sec-Gen report on the status of the death penalty in East Africa – Kenya and Uganda April 2012 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fhri-and-pri-submission-to-the-un-sec-gen-report-on-the-status-of-the-death-penalty-in-east-africa-kenya-and-uganda-april-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two trends accompanying the abolition of the death penalty give reason for concern: there is a striking increase in offences that carry the sanction of life imprisonment as the sanction which typically replaces the death penalty following abolition or a moratorium of the death penalty; and a striking increase in prisoners serving this indefinite sentence. Secondly, a differential, harsher treatment is applied to them as compared to other categories of prisoners. At the same time, the development of international standards in any affirmative–if not legally binding– form are lacking. As a consequence states are more frequently enforcing a form of punishment problematic in terms of international human rights standards and norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/Life%20after%20death_English%20(117KB).pdf ) [885] => Array ( [objectID] => 6426 [title] => Killer Art: Florida’s Death Row Artists [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killer-art-floridas-death-row-artists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Art and letters from the men who await death in the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.createspace.com/3798968 ) [886] => Array ( [objectID] => 6427 [title] => Circumstances of Offense: Robert “Saint” Bailey on Death Row [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/circumstances-of-offense-robert-saint-bailey-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book is a first-hand account of the life of Simon City Royals gangster Robert "Saint" Bailey who is currently on Death Row in Raiford, Florida. He killed a law enforcement officer in 2005. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Circumstances-Offense-Robert-Saint-Bailey/dp/1469972018/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1330006530&sr=8-1 ) [887] => Array ( [objectID] => 6447 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2011 (and the first six months of 2012) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2011-and-the-first-six-months-of-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => THE SITUATION TODAY The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than ten years, was again confirmed in 2011 and the first six months of 2012. There are currently 155 Countries and territories that, to different extents, have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 99 are totally abolitionist; 7 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 5 have a moratorium on executions in place and 44 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. Countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or Countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=16308818 ) [888] => Array ( [objectID] => 6453 [title] => Leaflet – 10th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-10th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The leaflet on the 2012 World Day provides information on the evolution of the abolition of the death penalty in the past ten years and presents the challenges ahead. It also gives arguments against the death penaty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WorldDay2012Leaflet-1.pdf ) [889] => Array ( [objectID] => 6455 [title] => Poster – 10th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-10th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 10th World Day against the Death Penalty:Abolish the Death Penalty. It's a better world without it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2012WorldDayPoster_EN-1.pdf ) [890] => Array ( [objectID] => 6462 [title] => Peter Jackson talks about his innocence project: ‘West of Memphis’ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peter-jackson-talks-about-his-innocence-project-west-of-memphis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the past seven years, Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh have quietly financed investigations to help free Jason Baldwin, Jesse Misskelley Jr., and Damien Echols, known as the the West Memphis Three, who were wrongly convicted in 1994 of murdering three 8-year-old boys in West Memphis , Arkansas. This piece provides and in-depth look into Peter and Fran's involvement with the investigattion, the creation of 'West of Memphis' as a way to expose key developments in the infamous murder case and Jackson's main goal, to exonerate the West Memphis Three and help find the real killer. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/01/16/peter-jackson-west-memphis-three/ ) [891] => Array ( [objectID] => 6552 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 10 – March 2012 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-10-march-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate10-Mar2012-EN-1.pdf ) [892] => Array ( [objectID] => 5472 [title] => Slovene : PrIročnIk Izobraževalno gradIvo Izobraževanje za človekovo dostojanstvo Priročnik o uPorabi ParticiPatornih metod Pri učenju človekovih Pravic [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slovene-prirocnik-izobrazevalno-gradivo-izobrazevanje-za-clovekovo-dostojanstvo-prirocnik-o-uporabi-participatornih-metod-pri-ucenju-clovekovih-pravic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Priročnik je del projekta Amnesty International Izobraževanje za človekovo dostojanstvo in je namenjen souporabi z vsebinskimi priročniki projekta o revščini in človekovih pravicah. Razvit pa je bil s fleksibilnostjo, ki omogoča, da se ga lahko uporabi tudi samostojno kot splošni pripomoček v raznolikih okoljih. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Famnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FACT35%2F020%2F2011%2Fen%2F0d5e55f3-389f-44f5-a383-23c86bba938f%2Fact350202011sl.pdf&external=N ) [893] => Array ( [objectID] => 5473 [title] => Polish : Poradnik dla facylitatorów i facylitatorek Pakiet materiałów Projektu edukacja dla Godności Przewodnik Po strategiach aktywnego uczestnictwa w edukacji Praw człowieka [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/polish-poradnik-dla-facylitatorow-i-facylitatorek-pakiet-materialow-projektu-edukacja-dla-godnosci-przewodnik-po-strategiach-aktywnego-uczestnictwa-w-edukacji-praw-czlowieka/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Publikacja jest częścią projektu Amnesty international – edukacja dla Godności i może być wykorzystywana w realizacji modułów projektowych na temat ubóstwa i praw człowieka, a także jako odrębna propozycja tematów zajęć szkoleniowych. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Famnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FACT35%2F020%2F2011%2Fen%2F034cc77d-32c5-479e-8fb9-18d88a982ddc%2Fact350202011pl.pdf&external=N ) [894] => Array ( [objectID] => 5474 [title] => Italian : MANUALE DI FACILITAZIONE KIT DIDATTICO GUIDA ALL’USO DELLE METODOLOGIE PARTECIPATIVE PER L’EDUCAZIONE AI DIRITTI UMANI [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-manuale-di-facilitazione-kit-didattico-guida-alluso-delle-metodologie-partecipative-per-leducazione-ai-diritti-umani/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Questa guida rientra nel progetto Education for Human Dignity di Amnesty International e nasce per essere utilizzata con i moduli del progetto riguardanti povertà e diritti umani.Il manuale di facilitazione, è stato, però, realizzato con la flessibilità necessaria a renderlo fruibile anche singolarmente, come risorsa generale in diversi contesti. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Famnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FACT35%2F020%2F2011%2Fen%2F0c2478e6-6ae1-436e-892a-e9065c041e53%2Fact350202011it.pdf&external=N ) [895] => Array ( [objectID] => 5486 [title] => Urdu : آٹھ کیس شیٹ (ڈھکنے کا چین، بھارت، انڈونیشیا، جاپان، ملائیشیا، پاکستان، سنگاپور ، تائیوان) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/urdu-%d8%a2%d9%b9%da%be-%da%a9%db%8c%d8%b3-%d8%b4%db%8c%d9%b9-%da%88%da%be%da%a9%d9%86%db%92-%da%a9%d8%a7-%da%86%db%8c%d9%86%d8%8c-%d8%a8%da%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%da%88%d9%88/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => اس رپورٹ کو ترتیب دیتے ہوئے کئی مقدمات کا دوبارہ جائزہ لیا گیا جس سے سزائے موت پر عمل درآمد سے پیدا ہونے والے اصل خطرات ظاہر ہوئے ہیں۔ آٹھ کیس شیٹ (ڈھکنے کا چین، بھارت، انڈونیشیا، جاپان، ملائیشیا، پاکستان، سنگاپور ، تائیوان) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/urdu_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [896] => Array ( [objectID] => 5487 [title] => Thai : แปดแผ่นกรณี (ครอบคลุมถึงจีน, อินเดีย, อินโดนีเซีย, ญี่ปุ่น, มาเลเซีย, ปากีสถาน, สิงคโปร์, ไต้หวัน) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/thai-%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%9c%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%93%e0%b8%b5-%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%a1%e0%b8%96%e0%b8%b6/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ในรายงานฉบับนี้ มีการทบทวนคดีต่างๆ ที่เกิดขึ้นซึ่งสะท้อนให้เห็นอย่างชัดเจนถึงอันตรายร้ายแรงของการใช้โทษประหารชีวิต การตัดสินว่าใครจะถูกประหารและใครที่จะรอด มักไม่ แปดแผ่นกรณี (ครอบคลุมถึงจีน, อินเดีย, อินโดนีเซีย, ญี่ปุ่น, มาเลเซีย, ปากีสถาน, สิงคโปร์, ไต้หวัน) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/thai_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [897] => Array ( [objectID] => 5488 [title] => Tagalog : Eight kaso sheet (sumasakop sa China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tagalog-eight-kaso-sheet-sumasakop-sa-china-india-indonesia-japan-malaysia-pakistan-singapore-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Sa pagbuo ng ulat na ito, nirepaso ang ilang kaso na malinaw na nagpapakita ng tunay na panganib sa pagsasagawa ng parusang kamatayan. Eight kaso sheet (sumasakop sa China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/tag_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [898] => Array ( [objectID] => 5489 [title] => Japanese : 八ケースシート（カバー中国、インド、インドネシア、日本、マレーシア、パキスタン、シンガポール、台湾） [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e5%85%ab%e3%82%b1%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b9%e3%82%b7%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%ef%bc%88%e3%82%ab%e3%83%90%e3%83%bc%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e3%80%81%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%83%89%e3%80%81%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%83%89/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 本報告書をまとめるに際し、死刑を適用することが現実に危険であるということを明らかに示す事例を検討したシート（カバー中国、インド、インドネシア、日本、マレーシア、パキスタン、シンガポール、台湾） [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/jp_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [899] => Array ( [objectID] => 5490 [title] => Indonesian : Delapan kasus lembar (meliputi Cina, India, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura, Taiwan) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-delapan-kasus-lembar-meliputi-cina-india-indonesia-jepang-malaysia-pakistan-singapura-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Saat penyusunan laporan ini, sejumlah kasus sudah ditinjau lagi yang secara jelas menunjukkan bahaya nyata penerapan hukuman mati. Delapan kasus lembar (meliputi Cina, India, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura, Taiwan) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ind_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [900] => Array ( [objectID] => 5491 [title] => Hindi : आठ मामले शीट (कवर चीन, भारत, इंडोनेशिया, जापान, मलेशिया, पाकिस्तान, सिंगापुर, ताइवान) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hindi-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%a0-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => इस रिपोर्ट संकलन में मामलों की संख्या की समीक्षा की गई है जो स्पष्ट रूप से मौत की सजा को लागू करने के बहुत असली खतरों का प्रदर्शन. आठ मामले शीट (कवर चीन, भारत, इंडोनेशिया, जापान, मलेशिया, पाकिस्तान, सिंगापुर, ताइवान) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/hindi_adpan_sheet_all_web.pdf ) [901] => Array ( [objectID] => 5492 [title] => Korean : 아시아에서의 치명적 불의 불공정 재판을 멈춰라, 사형집행을 중단하라. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-%ec%95%84%ec%8b%9c%ec%95%84%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98-%ec%b9%98%eb%aa%85%ec%a0%81-%eb%b6%88%ec%9d%98-%eb%b6%88%ea%b3%b5%ec%a0%95-%ec%9e%ac%ed%8c%90%ec%9d%84-%eb%a9%88%ec%b6%b0%eb%9d%bc/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 아시아∙태평양 지역에서는 세계 나머지 모든 곳을 다 합친 것보다 더 많은 사람이 사형을 당한다. 게다가 불공정한 재판을 받고 사형당할 가능성까지 감안하면 사형이 얼마나 부당한 제도인지 명백히 드러난다. 공정한 재판을 받지 못한 채 사형이 집행된 후에는 이를 되돌이킬 방법이 전혀 없다. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/korean_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [902] => Array ( [objectID] => 5493 [title] => Thai : การประหารชีวิตที่อยุติธรรม ในภูมิภาคเอเชีย ยุติการพิจารณาคดีที่ไม่เป็นธรรม ยกเลิกการประหารชีวิต [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/thai-%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%8a%e0%b8%b5%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b4%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%b5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%95/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ในเอเชียแปซิฟิกมีจ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/thai_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [903] => Array ( [objectID] => 5494 [title] => Urdu : یفاصناان کلہم ںیم ایشیا ںیرک متخ توم ےازس ،دنب تامدقم ہنافصنمریغ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/urdu-%db%8c%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d9%84%db%81%d9%85-%da%ba%db%8c%d9%85-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4%db%8c%d8%a7-%da%ba%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ae-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%85-%db%92/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ںیم سا ۔ےہ یتاج ید توم ےازس وک دارفا ہدایز ےس ایند یقاب ںیم ےطخ کفسیپ ایشیا ںیم ےجیتن ےک تعامس ہنافصنمریغ ںیہنا ہک ےئاج ایل رک لماش یھب وک ناکما سا رگا ۔ےہ یتاجوہ حضاو یفاصناان یعومجم یک ازس سا وت یئگ ید ازس [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ur_3347_adpan_shrta4_web1.pdf ) [904] => Array ( [objectID] => 5495 [title] => Tagalog : NAKAMAMATAY NA KAWALAN NG KATARUNGAN SA ASYA Itigil ang Di Makatarungang paglilitis, Itigil ang Pagbitay [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tagalog-nakamamatay-na-kawalan-ng-katarungan-sa-asya-itigil-ang-di-makatarungang-paglilitis-itigil-ang-pagbitay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mas maraming tao ang pinarusahan ng kamatayan sa Rehiyong Asya-Pasipikokung ikukumpara sa pinagsamang iba pang bahagi ng mundo. Idagdag pa rito ang probabilidad na sila ay binitay pagkatapos ng di-makatarungang paglilitis, at lalong lilinaw ang garapal na inhustisya ng parusang ito. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/tag_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [905] => Array ( [objectID] => 5496 [title] => Mongolian : АЗИ ТИВ ДЭХ ЭНЭРЭЛГҮЙ ШУДАРГА БУС ЯВДАЛ Шударга бусaap шүүх явдлыг зогсоож, цаазын ялыг халъя [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mongolian-%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2-%d0%b4%d1%8d%d1%85-%d1%8d%d0%bd%d1%8d%d1%80%d1%8d%d0%bb%d0%b3%d2%af%d0%b9-%d1%88%d1%83%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d1%83%d1%81-%d1%8f%d0%b2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ази, Номхон далайн бүсэд дэлхийн бусад орнуудыг нийлүүлж тооцсоноос ч илүү олон хүнийг цаазалж байна. Үүнээс гадна тэр хүмүүсийг шударга бус шүүхээр шүүсэн байх магадлалтай бөгөөд энэхүү шийтгэл нь асар ичгүүргүй, шударга бус болох нь улам ойлгомжтой болсоор байна. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/mon_3347_adpan_shrta4_proof_web.pdf ) [906] => Array ( [objectID] => 5497 [title] => Japanese : 不当に奪われる生命～アジアにおける不公正な裁判を止め、死刑執行の停止を～ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e4%b8%8d%e5%bd%93%e3%81%ab%e5%a5%aa%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8c%e3%82%8b%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd-%ef%bd%9e%e3%82%a2%e3%82%b8%e3%82%a2%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e4%b8%8d%e5%85%ac%e6%ad%a3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => アジア太平洋地域における死刑の執行数は、世界の他の地域の合計数よりも多い。その上、不公正な裁判で処刑された可能性や、死刑の著しい不正義が明らかになっている。誤判で死刑判決が言い渡されると、取り返しがつかない。アジア太平洋地域の人口の95パーセントが、死刑を存置 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/jp_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [907] => Array ( [objectID] => 5498 [title] => Hindi : एशिया में घातक अन्याय: समाप्ति अनुचित परीक्षण, सज़ाएँ बंद करो [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hindi-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%98%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => संयुक्त दुनिया के बाकी की तुलना में एशिया - प्रशांत क्षेत्र में और अधिक लोगों को क्रियान्वित कर रहे हैं. इस संभावना है कि वे एक अनुचित परीक्षण के बाद मार डाला गया जोड़ें, और इस सज़ा के सकल अन्याय सब भी स्पष्ट हो जाता है. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/hindi-3347_adpan_shrta4_web1.pdf ) [908] => Array ( [objectID] => 5499 [title] => Indonesian : KETIDAKADILAN YANG MEMATIKAN DI ASIA Akhiri peradilan yang tidak adil, hentikan eksekusi [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-ketidakadilan-yang-mematikan-di-asia-akhiri-peradilan-yang-tidak-adil-hentikan-eksekusi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lebih banyak orang yang dieksekusi mati di kawasan Asia-Pasifik dibandingkan dengan gabungan jumlah hukuman mati di kawasan lain di dunia. Ditambah lagi adanya kemungkinan bahwa mereka dieksekusi hukuman mati setelah melalui sebuah peradilan yang tidak adil, maka ketidakadilan yang sangat besar dari hukuman ini menjadi semakin jelas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ind_3347_adpan_shrta4_web1.pdf ) [909] => Array ( [objectID] => 5500 [title] => Portuguese : História de uma execução [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-historia-de-uma-execucao/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reportagem de Fabian Biasio sobre a execução de um assassino esquizofrênico no Texas. Em 2003, o fotógrafo acompanhou Tina Morris durante a semana que precedia a execução do seu irmão, James Colburn. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/multimidia/galeria_fotos/Historia_de_uma_execucao.html?cid=31312600 ) [910] => Array ( [objectID] => 5519 [title] => German : Der in Kürze Gerichthof [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-der-in-kurze-gerichthof/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte ist ein internationales Gericht, das seine Tätigkeit im Jahre 1959 aufnahm. Er entscheidet über Individual- und Staatenbeschwerden, in denen eine Verletzung der in der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention niedergelegten bürgerlichen und politischen Rechte gerügt wird. Seit 1998 ist der Gerichtshof ein ständig tagendes Gericht, an das sich Einzelpersonen direkt wenden können. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Court_in_brief_DEU.pdf ) [911] => Array ( [objectID] => 6398 [title] => FHRI and PRI submission to the UN Sec-Gen report on the status of the death penalty in East Africa – Kenya and Uganda April 2012 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fhri-and-pri-submission-to-the-un-sec-gen-report-on-the-status-of-the-death-penalty-in-east-africa-kenya-and-uganda-april-2012-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To date, Kenya and Uganda have not signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and are not party to any international or regional treaty prohibiting the death penalty. While Kenya abstained from voting in the 2010 UN General Assembly moratorium resolution, Uganda voted against it and signed the note verbale of issociation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/FHRI%20and%20PRI%20submission%20to%20the%20UN%20Sec-Gen%20report%20on%20the%20status%20of%20the%20death%20penalty%20in%20East%20Africa%20-%20Kenya%20and%20Uganda%20April2012.pdf ) [912] => Array ( [objectID] => 6399 [title] => Briefing Paper on the death penalty in Middle East & North Africa [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-paper-on-the-death-penalty-in-middle-east-north-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => NGO coalition report submitted to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/NGO%20report%20on%20death%20penalty%20in%20Belarus.pdf ) [913] => Array ( [objectID] => 6429 [title] => One Iranian lawyer’s fight to save juveniles from execution [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/one-iranian-lawyers-fight-to-save-juveniles-from-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of Amnesty International's 2012 death penalty campaign the Guardian and animators from Sherbet tell in this short animation fim the extraordinary story of Mohammad Mostafaei, a lawyer who has saved 20 of the 40 juveniles he has defended from execution in Iran. Actor Paul Bettany speaks the lawyer's words. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2012/mar/27/lawyer-fight-juveniles-execution-animation ) [914] => Array ( [objectID] => 6476 [title] => MVFHR Asia Speech Tour in Korea & Japan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mvfhr-asia-speech-tour-in-korea-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MVFHR is an organization formed by a group of victim's family members. They have traveled across the ocean all the way down to Korea, Japan, and Taiwan to share their stories and views on the death penalty with the local victim's family members, attorneys, and human rights organizations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rAKflop76s&feature=youtu.be ) [915] => Array ( [objectID] => 6477 [title] => The Executioner’s Song [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-executioners-song/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Norman Mailer tells Gary Gilmore's story, and those of the men and women caught up in his procession toward the firing squad, with implacable authority, steely compassion, and a restraint that evokes the parched landscapes and stern theology of Gilmore's Utah. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Executioners-Song-Norman-Mailer/dp/0375700811/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323431284&sr=8-1 ) [916] => Array ( [objectID] => 6480 [title] => Outlook: The release of Sierra Leone’s longest serving female death row prisoner. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/outlook-the-release-of-sierra-leones-longest-serving-female-death-row-prisoner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The release of Sierra Leone's longest serving female death row prisoner. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p00fvkmq/Outlook_04_04_2011/ ) [917] => Array ( [objectID] => 6482 [title] => Execution Watch: Mitt Romney’s ‘Foolproof’ Death Penalty Act and the Politics of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-watch-mitt-romneys-foolproof-death-penalty-act-and-the-politics-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article presents a legal and political analysis of the 2003 - 2005 effort of Governor Mitt Romney to make the death penalty available as a sentencing option in Massachusetts. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1967201 ) [918] => Array ( [objectID] => 6489 [title] => Victim’s son objects as Texas sets execution in hate crime death [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/victims-son-objects-as-texas-sets-execution-in-hate-crime-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As Texas prepares to execute one of his father's killers, Ross Byrd hopes the state shows the man the mercy his father, James Byrd Jr., never got when he was dragged behind a truck to his [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/21/us-texas-execution-son-idUSTRE78K35B20110921 ) [919] => Array ( [objectID] => 6500 [title] => Death penalty’s unlikely opponents [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penaltys-unlikely-opponents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reviews several cases where the families of victim's speak out against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/new-voices-death-penaltys-unlikely-opponents ) [920] => Array ( [objectID] => 6508 [title] => Executing the will of the voters: a roadmap to mend or end the California Legislature’s Milti-billion-dollar death penalty debacle [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-will-of-the-voters-a-roadmap-to-mend-or-end-the-california-legislatures-milti-billion-dollar-death-penalty-debacle/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article uncovers the true costs of administering the death penalty in California by tracing how much taxpayers are spending for death penalty trials versus non–death penalty trials and for costs incurred due to the delay from the initial sentence of death to the execution.The article makes recomendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/LoyolaCalifCosts.pdf ) [921] => Array ( [objectID] => 6511 [title] => Remedies for California’s Death Row Deadlock [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/remedies-for-californias-death-row-deadlock/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article identifies the woeful inefficiencies of the current procedures that have led to inexcusable delays in arriving at just results in death penalty cases and describes how California came to find itself in this untenable condition. The article makes recomendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/AlarconSClawrev.pdf ) [922] => Array ( [objectID] => 6514 [title] => A victim of 9/11 hate crime now fights for his attacker’s life [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-victim-of-9-11-hate-crime-now-fights-for-his-attackers-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Immigrant badly wounded by 'Arab Slayer' mounts long-shot bid to halt execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43241014/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/victim-hate-crime-now-fights-his-attackers-life/ ) [923] => Array ( [objectID] => 6539 [title] => Elmer ‘Geronimo’ Pratt dies at 63; former Black Panther whose murder conviction was overturned [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/elmer-geronimo-pratt-dies-at-63-former-black-panther-whose-murder-conviction-was-overturned/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Elmer G. "Geronimo" Pratt, a former Los Angeles Black Panther Party leader whose 1972 murder conviction was overturned after he spent 27 years in prison for a crime he said he did not commit, has died. He was 63. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-geronimo-pratt-20110603,0,6307630.story ) [924] => Array ( [objectID] => 6554 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 9 – October 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-9-october-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [925] => Array ( [objectID] => 6557 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 8 – August 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-8-august-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate8-August2011-EN-1.pdf ) [926] => Array ( [objectID] => 6559 [title] => Ratificationt Kit – Cambodia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratificationt-kit-cambodia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cambodia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Cambodia-EN-1.pdf ) [927] => Array ( [objectID] => 6567 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 7 – May 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-7-may-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate7-May2011-EN-1.pdf ) [928] => Array ( [objectID] => 6569 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 6 – March 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-6-march-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate6-March2011-EN-1.pdf ) [929] => Array ( [objectID] => 7008 [title] => Human Rights and Democracy: The 2010 Foreign & Commonwealth Office Report [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-and-democracy-the-2010-foreign-commonwealth-office-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report covers the period from January to December 2010, though some key events in early 2011 have also been included. It highlights the important progressbeing made, serious concerns that we have, and what we are doing to promote our values around the world. It will rightly be studied closely by Parliament, NGOs and the wider public. There is a chapter dedicated to the death penalty, as well as 2010 figures on the death penalty in target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/htcdn/Human-Rights-and-Democracy-The-2010-Foreign-Commonwealth-Report.pdf ) [930] => Array ( [objectID] => 7035 [title] => Note verbale dated 11 March 2011 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The permanent missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 65/206, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 11 November 2010, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 21 December 2010 by a recorded vote. The permanent missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Antigua and Barbuda [2] => Bahamas [3] => Bahrain [4] => Bangladesh [5] => Barbados [6] => Botswana [7] => Brunei Darussalam [8] => Central African Republic [9] => Chad [10] => China [11] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [12] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [13] => Dominica [14] => Egypt [15] => Equatorial Guinea [16] => Eritrea [17] => Eswatini [18] => Ethiopia [19] => Grenada [20] => Guinea [21] => Guyana [22] => Indonesia [23] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [24] => Iraq [25] => Jamaica [26] => Kuwait [27] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [28] => Libya [29] => Malaysia [30] => Myanmar [31] => Niger [32] => Nigeria [33] => Oman [34] => Pakistan [35] => Papua New Guinea [36] => Qatar [37] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [38] => Saint Lucia [39] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [40] => Saudi Arabia [41] => Sierra Leone [42] => Singapore [43] => Solomon Islands [44] => Somalia [45] => Sudan [46] => Syrian Arab Republic [47] => Tonga [48] => Trinidad and Tobago [49] => Uganda [50] => United Arab Emirates [51] => Yemen [52] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/65/779 ) [931] => Array ( [objectID] => 5527 [title] => Hindi : 17 भारतीयों की अपील पर यूएई करे निष्पक्ष जांच: एमनेस्टी [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hindi-17-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%88/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => युक्त अरब अमीरात में एक पाकिस्तानी नागरिक की हत्या के लिए मौत की सज़ा पाने वाले 17 भारतीयों के मामले में मानवाधिकार संस्था एमनेस्टी इंटरनेशन ने यूएई की कड़ी आलोचना की है. एमनेस्टी ने भारतीयों को कथित तौर पर 'प्रताड़ित किए जाने और ज़बरदस्ती उनसे अपराध मनवाने' के बारे में यूएई की आलोचना की है. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/mobile/india/2010/04/100424_uae_indians_as.shtml?page=all ) [932] => Array ( [objectID] => 5543 [title] => Portuguese : Homofobia do Estado: Uma pesquisa mundial sobre legislações que proíbem relações sexuais consensuais entre adultos do mesmo sexo [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-homofobia-do-estado-uma-pesquisa-mundial-sobre-legislacoes-que-proibem-relacoes-sexuais-consensuais-entre-adultos-do-mesmo-sexo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => O propósito deste relatório anual sobre a Homofobia do Estado, expresso desde sua primeira edição, em 2007, é revelar e denunciar os países que, no século 21, negam às pessoas LGBTI os direitos humanos mais fundamentais: o direito à vida e à liberdade, na esperança de que, a cada ano, mais e mais países abandonem a ―comunidade‖ dos países homofóbicos.Em comparação com o relatório do ano passado, em que relacionamos os 77 países que perseguiam as pessoas com base em sua orientação sexual, no presente relatório você encontrará ‗apenas‖ 76 países nesta mesma lista, incluindo os cinco ―infames‖,que condenam as pessoas à morte com base em sua orientação sexual: Irã, Mauritânia, Arábia Saudita, Sudão e Iêmen (e algumas regiões da Nigéria e da Somália). Um país a menos, se comparado ao relatório de 2009, pode parecer um avanço insignificante, até nos darmos conta de que ele compreende 1/6 da população humana. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abglt.org.br/docs/ILGA-Homofobia_do_Estado_2010.pdf ) [933] => Array ( [objectID] => 5556 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2009 (E DEI PRIMI SEI MESI DEL 2010) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2009-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LA SITUAZIONE AD OGGI : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata nel 2009 e anche nei primi sei mesi del 2010. I Paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 154. Di questi, i Paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 96; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 8; quelli che attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 6; i Paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni o che si sono impegnati internazionalmente ad abolire la pena di morte, sono 44. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=13310616 ) [934] => Array ( [objectID] => 6517 [title] => Myth #10 – The death penalty is not political [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-10-the-death-penalty-is-not-political/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty is not political. FACT: The death penalty is often driven by politics rather than a desire to repair social problems and bring justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_Campaign_hidden_motives/ ) [935] => Array ( [objectID] => 6518 [title] => Myth #9 – The Bible supports the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-9-the-bible-supports-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The Bible preaches retribution. Jesus supports the death penalty. FACT: People have been arguing for decades over interpretations of the Bible. The Church has officially declared its opposition to the death penalty. The concept of "mercy" is preached in the majority of religions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_religion/ ) [936] => Array ( [objectID] => 6519 [title] => Myth #8 – Executions help victims’ families to heal [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-8-executions-help-victims-families-to-heal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Executions help victims’ families to heal. FACT: Whilst we cannot speak for all victims’ families, it is clear that not all families are healed after the execution. Rather, the death penalty creates more victims and more brutality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaing_closure/ ) [937] => Array ( [objectID] => 6520 [title] => Myth #7 – Executions are humane [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-7-executions-are-humane/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Executions are humane. The process is painless and orderly. FACT: There is no decent way to kill a prisoner. Hanging, stoning, beheading and electrocuting all constitute cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_cruel_punishment/ ) [938] => Array ( [objectID] => 6521 [title] => Myth #6 – The death penalty applies to everyone equally [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-6-the-death-penalty-applies-to-everyone-equally/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty applies to everyone equally, regardless of race, wealth or background. FACT: People who are convicted of the same crime receive vastly different penalties, across the world and within the same country or even case. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_arbitrariness/ ) [939] => Array ( [objectID] => 6522 [title] => Myth #5 – Death penalty trials are a fair process [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-5-death-penalty-trials-are-a-fair-process/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Death penalty trials are a fair process. Trials and appeals are closely scrutinised. The defendant's basic rights are protected. FACT: People are executed around the world every day because they did not have a fair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_Campaign_Unfair_trials/ ) [940] => Array ( [objectID] => 6523 [title] => Myth #4 – Only evil people are executed [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-4-only-evil-people-are-executed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Only evil people are executed. People on death row are truly evil. FACT: There is a lot more to a human being than his worst action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_Campaign_Right_to_life_evil_people/ ) [941] => Array ( [objectID] => 6524 [title] => Myth #3 – The death penalty saves money [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-3-the-death-penalty-saves-money/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty saves money. It costs less to kill people than to imprison them for life. FACT:The death penalty costs millions more than a sentence of life without parole. Taxpayers' money could be used more efficiently on crime prevention programs and police. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_07_DP_Campaign_Cost/ ) [942] => Array ( [objectID] => 6525 [title] => Myth #2 – The death penalty reduces crime [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-2-the-death-penalty-reduces-crime/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty acts as a deterrent to potential criminals. FACT: The death penalty does not deter crime. It stimulates it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_deterrence/ ) [943] => Array ( [objectID] => 6526 [title] => Myth #1 – Innocent people are not executed [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-1-innocent-people-are-not-executed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Only guilty prisoners are sent to their death. FACT: Professionals in the justice system know that innocent people have been executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_07_DP_Campaign_Innocence/ ) [944] => Array ( [objectID] => 6571 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 4 – April 2010 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-4-april-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate4-Apr2010-EN-1.pdf ) [945] => Array ( [objectID] => 6573 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 3 – February 2010 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-3-february-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate3-Feb2010-EN-1.pdf ) [946] => Array ( [objectID] => 6648 [title] => Death isn’t Justice [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-isnt-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster for tomorrow is an independent, non-profit international project whose goal is to encourage people, both in and outside the design community, to make posters to stimulate debate on issues that affect us all. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.posterfortomorrow.org/en/projects/death-is-not-justice ) [947] => Array ( [objectID] => 6711 [title] => Danthong Breen – Union for Liberty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/danthong-breen-union-for-liberty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Danthong Breen, from the NGO Union for Liberty, based in Thailande, explains why the death penalty is torture. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://vimeo.com/9716378 ) [948] => Array ( [objectID] => 6767 [title] => America’s Death Penalty: Between Past and Present [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/americas-death-penalty-between-past-and-present/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This volume represents an effort to restore the sense of capital punishment as a question caught up in history. Edited by leading scholars of crime and justice, these original essays pursue different strategies for unsettling the usual terms of the debate. In particular, the authors use comparative and historical investigations of both Europe and America in order to cast fresh light on familiar questions about the meaning of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Americas-Death-Penalty-Between-Present/dp/0814732674/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1291815935&sr=1-1 ) [949] => Array ( [objectID] => 6775 [title] => Peculiar Institution: America’s Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peculiar-institution-americas-death-penalty-in-an-age-of-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book offers a fresh perspective on why the death penalty endures in the United States when so many other countries in the Western world have already abolished it. The book seeks to understand the persistence of the death penalty in the U.S. as a social fact, using sociological, historical and legal analyses to explain the unique and peculiar manner in which the death penalty is applied. Garland concludes that the death penalty has survived in the United States because it is deeply connected to the fundamentally American institutions of local autonomy and popular democracy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Peculiar-Institution-Americas-Penalty-Abolition/dp/0674057236/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1292937213&sr=1-1-fkmr0 ) [950] => Array ( [objectID] => 7003 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area – Background Paper 2010 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2009.It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of thedeath penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and topromote constructive discussion of this issue. It covers the period from 1 July 2009to 30 June 2010. ----- To find past OSCE papers please visit: http://www.osce.org/documents?keys=The+Death+Penalty+in+the+OSCE+Area+-+Background+Paper+ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Albania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/71484 ) [951] => Array ( [objectID] => 7007 [title] => Report to the Committee on Defender Services Judicial Conference of the United States – Update on the Cost and Quality of Defense Representation in Federal Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-to-the-committee-on-defender-services-judicial-conference-of-the-united-states-update-on-the-cost-and-quality-of-defense-representation-in-federal-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Part I of this report offers an introduction and overview of the research. Part II examines the way prosecution policies and practices have developed from 1989, the beginning of the modern federal death penalty era, through the end of 2009. Parts III, IV, and V of this report discuss the costs associated with defending a federal capital case. Section VI describes qualitative data obtained through interviews of federal judges who had presided over a federal death penalty case and experienced federal capital defense counsel on topics such as the quality of defense representation, case budgeting and case management practices, the role of experts, and the death penalty authorization process. Finally, in Sections VII and VIII, the Recommendations of the 1998 Spencer Report are reaffirmed, and the Commentary associated with those recommendations is updated to reflect the past 12 years of experience with federal capital litigation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/FederalDPCost2010.pdf ) [952] => Array ( [objectID] => 7040 [title] => Resolution 65/206 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-65-206-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/65/456/Add.2 (Part II))] 65/206. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/zh/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/65/206&referer=http://www.un.org/zh/ga/65/res/all3.shtml&Lang=E ) [953] => Array ( [objectID] => 7054 [title] => Moratoriums on the use of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General (2010) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratoriums-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to General Assembly resolution 63/168. The report confirms the global trend towards abolition of the death penalty. It also recommends that Member States introduce a moratorium on the death penalty. Those States which still intend to implement the death penalty and are not willing to establish a moratorium should apply the death penalty only in the case of the most serious crimes. The protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty should be ensured, pursuant to the relevant international laws. Furthermore, in that regard, States have an obligation not to practise the death penalty in secrecy, nor to practice discrimination in its application. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/65/280&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [954] => Array ( [objectID] => 7079 [title] => Death In Decline ’09: Los Angeles Holds California Back as Nation Shifts to Permanent Imprisonment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-in-decline-09-los-angeles-holds-california-back-as-nation-shifts-to-permanent-imprisonment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The tide is turning in the United States from death sentences to permanent imprisonment. A growing number of states are choosing permanent imprisonment over the death penalty, fueled by growing concerns about the wrongful conviction of innocent people and the high costs of the death penalty in comparison to permanent imprisonment. In 2009, the number of new death sentences nationwide reached the lowest level since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. California lags behind in this national trend. The Golden State sent more people to death row last year than in the seven preceding years. By the close of 2009, California’s death row was the largest and most costly in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclunc.org/docs/criminal_justice/death_penalty/death_in_decline_09.pdf ) [955] => Array ( [objectID] => 7080 [title] => SLAMMING THE COURTHOUSE DOORS – Denial of Access to Justice and Remedy in America [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slamming-the-courthouse-doors-denial-of-access-to-justice-and-remedy-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to a new report by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) entitled, "Slamming the Courthouse Doors: Denial of Access to Justice and Remedy in America," many states severely restrict access to justice for capital defendants and limit the availability of remedies to correct errors. The problem of inadequate counsel continues to pervade death penalty systems across the country: “Few states provide adequate funds to compensate lawyers for their work or to investigate cases properly. In addition to inadequate funding, the majority of death-penalty states lack adequate competency standards. Many states require only minimal training and experience for attorneys handling death penalty cases, and in some cases capital defense attorneys fail to meet the minimum guidelines for capital defense set by the American Bar Association (ABA),” according to the ACLU. The report also states that the absence of a right to counsel in post-conviction appeals leaves capital defendants with few options to address serious errors during their trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/HRP_UPRsubmission_annex.pdf ) [956] => Array ( [objectID] => 7132 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2009 (and the first six months of 2010) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2009-and-the-first-six-months-of-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => THE SITUATION TODAY The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than ten years, was again confirmed in 2009 and the first six months of 2010. There are currently 154 countries and territories that, to different extents, have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 96 are totally abolitionist; 8 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 6 have a moratorium on executions in place and 44 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=13310629 ) [957] => Array ( [objectID] => 7206 [title] => Vietnam: From “Vision” to Facts: Human Rights in Vietnam under its Chairmanship of ASEAN [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/vietnam-from-vision-to-facts-human-rights-in-vietnam-under-its-chairmanship-of-asean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty is frequent in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In 2009, the government reduced the number of offences punishable by death from 29 to 22. Capital punishment is applied for crimes including murder, armed robbery, drug trafficking, rape, sexual abuse of children, and a range of economic crimes. Execution is by firing squad. A draft law was introduced in November 2009 proposing the use of two methods of execution, either by firing squad or by lethal injection. Statistics on the number of death sentences and executions are not made public. Indeed, following criticisms by international human rights organisations, in January 2004, Vietnam adopted a decree classifying death penalty statistics as “state secrets”. According to the Vietnamese and international press, at least 100 people are executed each year in Vietnam. In 2007, 104 death sentences were pronounced, including 14 women. In 2010, the official legal magazine Phap Luat (Law) reported 11 death sentences for the month of January alone. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/bon.pdf ) [958] => Array ( [objectID] => 7207 [title] => The Death Penalty in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – Special edition for the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-socialist-republic-of-vietnam-special-edition-for-the-4th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty is frequent in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV). Capital punishment is applied for 22 offences, including murder, armed robbery, drug trafficking, rape, sexual abuse of children, and a range of economic crimes, such as graft and corruption, fraud and embezzlement (for 500 million dong - $33,200 - or more of state property), illegal production and trade of food, foodstuffs and medicines. Seven political acts perceived as “threats against national security” carry the death penalty as a maximum sentence. Capital punishment is most often used to sanction drug-related offences, followed by corruption, black-market and violent crimes. Vietnam has some of the harshest drug laws in the world. A 1997 law made possession or smuggling of 100g or more of heroin, or 5 kilograms or more of opium, punishable by death. In 2001, 55 sentences were pronounced for drug trafficking alone. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/RAPPORT_VIETNAM_WEB_0408.pdf ) [959] => Array ( [objectID] => 7208 [title] => Iran/death penalty: A state terror policy – Special edition for the 4th World Congress against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-death-penalty-a-state-terror-policy-special-edition-for-the-4th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the various aspects of the topic including: domestic laws, international legal framework, execution of juvenile offenders, religious and ethnic minorities, and methods of execution. According to the report, there are over 20 main categories of offences, some of them with several sub-categories, in the IRI, which are punishable by the death penalty. The majority of those “offences” are certainly not among “the most serious crimes.” Some others should not be considered as “offences” at all. In conclusion, FIDH issued a wide set of recommendations to the IRI and the international community. Among others, it recommended the adoption of an immediate moratorium on executions in light of the serious shortcomings of the guarantees of due process and fair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Report_Iran_2010_En-2.pdf ) [960] => Array ( [objectID] => 5501 [title] => Polish : Czym jest ODIHR? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/polish-czym-jest-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Biuro Instytucji Demokratycznych i Praw Człowieka (ODIHR) jest jedną z głównych organizacji praw człowieka na świecie. ODIHR prowadzi aktywną działalność w Europie, na Kaukazie, w Azji Centralnej i Ameryce Północnej. Siedziba ODIHR mieści się w Warszawie. Biuro działa na rzecz wspierania idei demokratycznych wyborów, poszanowania praw człowieka, praworządności, tolerancji i przeciwdziałania dyskryminacji. ODIHR jest instytucją praw człowieka należącą do Organizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie (OBWE). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/pl/odihr/elections/13702?download=true ) [961] => Array ( [objectID] => 5502 [title] => Greek : Τι είναι το ODIHR; [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/greek-%cf%84%ce%b9-%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%84%ce%bf-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Το Γραφείο Δημοκρατικών Θεσμών και Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων (ODIHR) του ΟΑΣΕ είναι ένα από τα βασικά περιφερειακά όργανα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων στον κόσμο. Με έδρα την Βαρσοβία της Πολωνίας, το ODIHR δραστηριοποιείται σε όλη την Ευρώπη, τον Καύκασο, την Κεντρική Ασία και την Βόρεια Αμερική.Προάγει τις δημοκρατικές εκλογές, τον σεβασμό των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων, την ανοχή και την εξάλειψη των διακρίσεων και το κράτος δικαίου. Το ODIHR είναι ο θεσμός για τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα του Οργανισμού για την Ασφάλεια και την Συνεργασία στην Ευρώπη (ΟΑΣΕ), ενός διακυβερνητικού φορέα που εργάζεται για την σταθερότητα, την ευημερία και την δημοκρατία στα 56 Κράτη που συμμετέχουν σε αυτόν. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmercury.ethz.ch%2Fserviceengine%2FFiles%2FISN%2F176206%2Fipublicationdocument_singledocument%2F7a2aa056-cd7c-46b5-a109-7df4428deb91%2Fel%2FGreek%2BFactsheet%2Bof%2Bthe%2BOSCE%2BOffice%2Bfor%2BDemocratic%2BInstitutions%2Band%2BHuman%2BRights.pdf&ei=cGWJVObaL4bmUsephJgK&usg=AFQjCNFDWjxd4tXFWUDDlpcSsYM_x-b5TA&sig2=fT5LIoWOMrGknlbrLKPQWA&bvm=bv.81456516,d.d24 ) [962] => Array ( [objectID] => 5503 [title] => German : Was ist das ODIHR? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-was-ist-das-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Das OSZE- Demokratische Institutionen und Menschenrechte (ODIHR) ist weltweiteine der wichtigsten regionalen Menschrechts institutionen. Das ODIHR hat seinen Sitz in Warschau (Polen) und ist in Europa, im Kaukasus, in Zentralasien und in Nordamerika. Das Bro fordert demokratische Wahlen, Respekt Menschenrechte, Toleranz und Nicht diskriminierung, sowie Rechtstaatlichkeit. Das ODIHR ist die Menschenrechts institution der Organisation Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa (OSZE). Die OSZE ist eine zw ischenstaatliche Organisation, die Stabilitt, Prosperit und Demokratie in ihren 56 Teilnehm erstaaten arbeitet. Die OSZE um fasst eine Region, die sich von Vancouver im Westen bis Wladiwostok im Osten erstreckt, und ist damit weltweit die grûte regionale Sicherheits organisation. Menschenrechte und Demokratie sind Grundpfeiler des um fassenden Sicherheitskonzeptes der OSZE. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/de/odihr/elections/13702?download=true ) [963] => Array ( [objectID] => 5524 [title] => Italian : Guida pedagogica: Giornata Mondiale contro la Pena di Morte 2009 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-guida-pedagogica-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Guida pedagogica per Insegnanti e alunni dai 14 ai 18 anni: Pena di morte e diritto internazionale, Innocenza ed Errori giudiziari, Pena di morte e diritti umani (Tortura e discriminazione razziale), Le condizioni di detenzione, Il costo della pena di morte (caso particolare degli Stati Uniti). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP_EducationalGuide_IT-1.pdf ) [964] => Array ( [objectID] => 5526 [title] => German : Unschuldige und ihre Fälle in Kürze [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-unschuldige-und-ihre-falle-in-kurze/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Unschuldige und ihre Fälle in Kürze, mit fälschlichen Identifizierung sowie erzwungener Geständnisse. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/unschuldige.pdf ) [965] => Array ( [objectID] => 5555 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2008 (e dei primi sei mesi del 2009) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2008-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata nel 2008 e anche nei primi sei mesi del 2009. I Paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 151. Di questi, i Paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 96; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 8; quelli che attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i Paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni o che si sono impegnati internazionalmente ad abolire la pena di morte, sono 42. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=12000550 ) [966] => Array ( [objectID] => 6575 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 2 – December 2009 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-2-december-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate2-Dec2009-EN-1.pdf ) [967] => Array ( [objectID] => 6577 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 1 – October 2009 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-1-october-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdateOct2009-1.pdf ) [968] => Array ( [objectID] => 6633 [title] => Unstacking the Deck – A Handbook for Capital Defense Attorneys on Challenging the State’s Case in Aggravation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unstacking-the-deck-a-handbook-for-capital-defense-attorneys-on-challenging-the-states-case-in-aggravation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When the state decides to seek the death penalty against a criminal defendant, the cards are heavily stacked against him before the trial even starts. First, the defendant must face a jury that already assumes he is guilty simply because he has been charged with a crime. They will assume this all the more given that it is a capital case. Moreover, the jury selection process itself will produce a jury that is predisposed to vote both for guilt and for death.The purpose of this handbook is to provide some suggestions for ways to “unstack the deck” for capital defendants by challenging the state’s case in aggravation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyresource.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/09/Handbook.Aggravation.pdf ) [969] => Array ( [objectID] => 6716 [title] => Oleg Alkaev, former head of Belarus’s death row [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oleg-alkaev-former-head-of-belaruss-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Colonel Oleg Alkaev, who was Director of remand prison (SIZO)6 No. 1 in Minsk and ordered a number of executions. He gave this testimony to Amnesty International, a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8ru9w_oleg-alkaev-former-head-of-belarus_news ) [970] => Array ( [objectID] => 7005 [title] => Capital Punishment, 2009 – Statistics Tables [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-2009-statistics-tables/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At yearend 2009, 36 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons held 3,173 inmates under sentence of death, which was 37 fewer inmates than at yearend 2008. This represents the ninth consecutive year that the population has decreased. California, Florida, Texas, and Pennsylvania held half of all inmates on death row as of December 31, 2009. The Federal Bureau of Prisons held 55 inmates. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cp09st.pdf ) [971] => Array ( [objectID] => 7036 [title] => Note verbale dated 10 February 2009 from the Permanent Missions to the United Nations of Afghanistan, the Bahamas, […] and Zimbabwe addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York listed below present their compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and have the honour to refer to resolution 62/149, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 15 November 2007, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 18 December 2007 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention to existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Bahamas [2] => Bahrain [3] => Bangladesh [4] => Barbados [5] => Botswana [6] => Brunei Darussalam [7] => Central African Republic [8] => Chad [9] => China [10] => Comoros [11] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [12] => Dominica [13] => Egypt [14] => Equatorial Guinea [15] => Eritrea [16] => Eswatini [17] => Ethiopia [18] => Fiji [19] => Gambia [20] => Grenada [21] => Guinea [22] => Guyana [23] => Indonesia [24] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [25] => Iraq [26] => Jamaica [27] => Japan [28] => Jordan [29] => Kuwait [30] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [31] => Libya [32] => Malaysia [33] => Maldives [34] => Mauritania [35] => Mongolia [36] => Myanmar [37] => Niger [38] => Nigeria [39] => Papua New Guinea [40] => Qatar [41] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [42] => Saint Lucia [43] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [44] => Saudi Arabia [45] => Singapore [46] => Solomon Islands [47] => Somalia [48] => Sudan [49] => Suriname [50] => Syrian Arab Republic [51] => Thailand [52] => Tonga [53] => Trinidad and Tobago [54] => Uganda [55] => United Arab Emirates [56] => Yemen [57] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/63/716 ) [972] => Array ( [objectID] => 7052 [title] => Question of the death penalty : Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from June 2008 to July 2009, and draws attention to a number of phenomena, including the continuing trend towards abolition, the practice of engaging in a national debate on the death penalty, and the ongoing difficulties in gaining access to reliable information on executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/12/45&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [973] => Array ( [objectID] => 7172 [title] => Ending Executions in Europe – Towards Abolition of the Death Penalty in Belarus [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ending-executions-in-europe-towards-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-belarus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Belarus is the last country in Europe and in the former Soviet Union that is still carrying out executions. Since gaining its independence from the USSR in 1991 Belarus has taken some significant steps towards ending the use of the death penalty. The information in this report has been gathered over more than two decades of work monitoring the practice of the death penalty in Belarus. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR49/001/2009/en/d3b9c42d-a356-4dee-ad16-5b05842ba01a/eur490012009en.pdf ) [974] => Array ( [objectID] => 7204 [title] => ایران: مجازات اعدام – سیاست دولتی ایجاد وحشت [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => در دوراني که حرکت به سوي لغو مجازات اعدام در سراسر جهان رو به گسترش است، تمايز جمهوري اسلامي ايران در تعداد زياد اعدام هايي است که در شرايطي آشکارا ناقض�? موازين بين المللي حقوق بشر انجام مي پذيرد. محاکمه های ناعادلانه، اعدام نوجوانان، هد�? گیری اقلیت های قومی و مذهبی... مجازات اعدام در نقض آشکار تعهدات ایران بر اساس قانون بین المللی حقوق بشر انجام می پذیرد. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Death_Penalty_report-full062009.pdf ) [975] => Array ( [objectID] => 5528 [title] => Korean : 사형제도 극단적 형벌 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ec%a0%9c%eb%8f%84-%ea%b7%b9%eb%8b%a8%ec%a0%81-%ed%98%95%eb%b2%8c/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 과연 사형제도가 범죄를 억제할까?; 정치적 도구로 사용되는 사형; 비밀리에 이뤄지는 사형집행; 생명을 생명으로 갚아라?; 인도적인’ 살인 - 과연 ‘인도적인’ 사형집행 방식이 존재하는가?; 국제사회는 사형에 반대한다 - 전세계적인 사형제도 폐지를 향해; 국가에 의해 살해당한 사람들 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/015/2008/en/543f4d7f-16f0-418f-880c-f30c6d57dc57/act500152008kor.pdf ) [976] => Array ( [objectID] => 5533 [title] => Portuguese : UM BREVE DISCURSO SEDICIOSO ACERCA DA PENA DE MORTE [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-um-breve-discurso-sedicioso-acerca-da-pena-de-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Em decorrência de certos crimes de grande repercussão que abalam a sociedade e da impotência do Estado frente à criminalidade, ressuscitam vozes e projetos solicitando a aplicação da pena de morte entre nós. O tema é de abordagem complexa, polêmica e controversa.Os partidários da supressão do homem sustentam que a presença da pena de morte na legislação teria por escopo de definitivamente banir ou diminuir o crescente índice de criminalidade em nosso país, além de desestimular homicídios, latrocínios, crimes sexuais violentos, seqüestros etc.Mas será que a pena de morte, como têm sido defendido por alguns setores da sociedade, seria a solução para os problemas de violência e da criminalidade, que estão sendo vivenciadas pela população brasileira? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://infodireito.blogspot.com/2008/08/artigo-um-breve-discurso-sedicioso.html ) [977] => Array ( [objectID] => 5554 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2007 (e dei primi sei mesi del 2008) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2007-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La Moratoria Onu delle esecuzioni : Il 18 dicembre 2007, la 62ª Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite ha approvato con 104 voti a favore, 54 contrari e 29 astensioni una Risoluzione che chiede agli Stati membri di “stabilire una moratoria delle esecuzioni, in vista dell’abolizione della pena di morte.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=10314561 ) [978] => Array ( [objectID] => 5954 [title] => China’s death penalty: reforms on capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-death-penalty-reforms-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper covers the death penalty situation in China, which is, according to the author, unlikely to abolish the death penalty in the near future. China topped the world in the imposition of the death penalty in 2008, while wrongful convictions and erroneous executions have been found, despite China's official policy to prevent excessive executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/BB412.pdf ) [979] => Array ( [objectID] => 6153 [title] => The Death Penalty: America’s Experience with Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-americas-experience-with-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book addresses one of the most controversial issues in the criminal justice system today—the death penalty. Paternoster et al. present a balanced perspective that focuses on both the arguments for and against capital punishment. Coverage draws on legal, historical, philosophical, economic, sociological, and religious points of view. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195332421.do ) [980] => Array ( [objectID] => 6687 [title] => Ross, Colin Campbell Eadie (1892 – 1922) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ross-colin-campbell-eadie-1892-1922/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The raped, strangled and naked body of 12-year-old Alma Tirtschke was found in a right-of-way off nearby Gun Alley. The press, notably the Herald under (Sir) Keith Murdoch, fanned public outrage, pressured police for an arrest and matched the government's initial reward, which was quickly raised from £250 to £1000. Ross, one of many people routinely interviewed, was arrested and remanded. The police, relying on the information of dubious characters, including the fortune-teller 'Madame Ghurka', claimed that Ross had confessed to violating and choking the girl. The Herald prejudiced his trial by publishing his photograph and printing the names and addresses of the jury. George Maxwell, appearing for Ross with T. C. Brennan, described the Crown witnesses as 'disreputables', mercenaries whose evidence was contradictory and untrustworthy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/AS10417b.htm ) [981] => Array ( [objectID] => 6740 [title] => Leaflet Asia 2008: it’s time to end executions [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-asia-2008-its-time-to-end-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This leaflet gives you information about the World Coalition's demands in Asia. It aslo provides a summary of the situation of the death penalty in Asia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/BrochureJM2008en-1.pdf ) [982] => Array ( [objectID] => 6910 [title] => South Korea’s changing capital punishment policy: The road from de facto to formal abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/south-koreas-changing-capital-punishment-policy-the-road-from-de-facto-to-formal-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The most recent executions in South Korea took place in December 1997, when 23 people were executed at short notice on the same day. Similarly, nineteen executions occurred in 1995 and 15 in 1994, in each instance occurring all on the same day. These group executions seem to reflect cultural factors that monthly statistics alone do not capture. No executions have occurred since 1998, but this de facto suspension has not been reinforced by law. Since 1999, lawmakers have thrice endorsed a bill favoring life imprisonment without parole in place of the death penalty, but each time the proposal has stalled and failed to move forward. The need remains to develop a culturally appropriate pro-abolition argument that could persuade the Korean public that the death penalty is unworkable and wrong. On 21 January 2007, in the Inhyeokdang case, the Korean Court acquitted 8 persons who had been executed 32 years earlier. The hope is that, in light of strong arguments based on the risk to innocent persons and the irreversibility of capital punishment, Korea will effectively transition from de facto to formal abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/171.abstract ) [983] => Array ( [objectID] => 6964 [title] => From seventy-eight to zero: Why executions declined after Taiwan’s democratization [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-seventy-eight-to-zero-why-executions-declined-after-taiwans-democratization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article examines, from a legal perspective, why executions in Taiwan declined from 78 in 1990 to zero in 2006. The inquiry focuses on three considerations: the number of laws that authorized employment of the death penalty; the code of criminal procedure; and the manner in which executions were carried out, including the manner in which amnesty was granted. The article argues that the ratification of international covenants and constitutional interpretations did not play a significant role in the decline, and that several factors that did play a role included the annulment or amendment of laws, changes in criminal procedure, establishment of and further amendments to guidelines for execution and two laws for reducing sentences. This article maintains that the absence of executions in 2006 is a unique situation that will not last because some inmates remain on death row, meaning that executions in Taiwan will continue unless the death penalty is abolished. However, the article concludes that the guarantee of the utmost human right, the right to life, can be sustained in Taiwan through the demands of democratic majority rule. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/153.abstract ) [984] => Array ( [objectID] => 6994 [title] => Not “Waiving” But Drowning: The Anatomy of Death Row Syndrome and Volunteering for Execution [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/not-waiving-but-drowning-the-anatomy-of-death-row-syndrome-and-volunteering-for-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Within the international community, other countries have recognized the potential for harm caused by our current system, and as a result have refused to extradite back to the United States individuals who might face the death penalty. These countries cite not only the possibility of execution as reason for refusal, but the waiting process which attends that death as a separate, independent violation of human rights. If we remain unpersuaded by the international community, the behavioral trends of those individuals awaiting execution are telling as well. Within one week in 2008, two individuals awaiting death in Texas committed suicide, reflecting the heightened suicide rates on death row, estimated at ten times greater than those in society at large and several times greater than those in a general prison population. In addition, the widely-recognized practice of “volunteering” for execution permits condemned inmates to waive their state and federally mandated rights to appeal in order to speed up the execution process, in essence “volunteering” to be executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/pilj/vol17no2/documents/17-2SmithArticle.pdf ) [985] => Array ( [objectID] => 7037 [title] => Note verbale dated 11 January 2008 from the Permanent Missions to the United Nations of Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, […] and Zimbabwe addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York listed below present their compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and have the honour to refer to resolution 62/149, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 15 November 2007, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 18 December 2007 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention to existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Antigua and Barbuda [2] => Bahamas [3] => Bahrain [4] => Bangladesh [5] => Barbados [6] => Botswana [7] => Brunei Darussalam [8] => Central African Republic [9] => China [10] => Comoros [11] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [12] => Dominica [13] => Egypt [14] => Equatorial Guinea [15] => Eritrea [16] => Eswatini [17] => Ethiopia [18] => Fiji [19] => Grenada [20] => Guinea [21] => Guyana [22] => Indonesia [23] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [24] => Iraq [25] => Jamaica [26] => Japan [27] => Jordan [28] => Kuwait [29] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [30] => Libya [31] => Malaysia [32] => Maldives [33] => Mauritania [34] => Mongolia [35] => Myanmar [36] => Nigeria [37] => Oman [38] => Pakistan [39] => Papua New Guinea [40] => Qatar [41] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [42] => Saint Lucia [43] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [44] => Saudi Arabia [45] => Singapore [46] => Solomon Islands [47] => Somalia [48] => Sudan [49] => Suriname [50] => Syrian Arab Republic [51] => Thailand [52] => Tonga [53] => Trinidad and Tobago [54] => Uganda [55] => United Arab Emirates [56] => Yemen [57] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/62/658 ) [986] => Array ( [objectID] => 7038 [title] => Resolution 62/149 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-62-149-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/62/439/Add.2)] 62/149. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/62/439/Add.2)] 62/149. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/62/149 ) [987] => Array ( [objectID] => 7039 [title] => Resolution 63/168 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-63-168-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/63/430/Add.2)] 63/168. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/63/430/Add.2)] 63/168. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/63/168 ) [988] => Array ( [objectID] => 7051 [title] => Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General (2008) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report surveys respect for the rights of those sentenced to death as set out in the international human rights treaties and the guidelines established by the Economic and Social Council in 1984. Drawing on contributions of Member States, the report surveys various motivations for establishing a moratorium on or abolishing the death penalty, as well as those for retaining the death penalty. It also includes up-to-date statistical information on the worldwide use of the death penalty, including moratoriums established in States that have not abolished this form of punishment, together with relevant developments since the sixty-second session of the General Assembly. The report concludes by confirming the global trend towards abolition of the death penalty, the important role played by moratoriums in those States that seek to abolish it and possibilities for further work on the issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/63/293&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [989] => Array ( [objectID] => 7144 [title] => India: Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India – A study of Supreme Court judgments in death penalty cases 1950-2006 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/india-lethal-lottery-the-death-penalty-in-india-a-study-of-supreme-court-judgments-in-death-penalty-cases-1950-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report shows that contrary to the majority Bench's views and intentions in Bachan Singh, errors and arbitrariness have not been checked by the safeguards in place, and no small role in this has been played by the judges themselveswho have rarely adhered to the requirements laid down in Bachan Singh, making it clear that it is commonly the judge's subjective discretion that eventually decides the fate of the accused-appellant. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA20/007/2008/en/16f59d0b-15fc-11dd-8586-f5a00c540031/asa200072008eng.pdf ) [990] => Array ( [objectID] => 7203 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: The Law of Silence – Going Against the International Trend [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-the-law-of-silence-going-against-the-international-trend/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is the outcome of a fact-finding mission conducted by FIDH in July 2008, in order to assess the measures taken by the Japanese government to implement the recommendations made by a previous investigation, conducted in 2003.The conclusions of the report are appalling. According to Florence Bellivier, General Secretary of FIDH “Japan continues to condemn criminals to death, and incarcerate them up for decades, in prisons where secrecy and isolation are commonplace, in total disregard of the world opinion”. In addition, the rhythm of the executions has accelerated over the recent years. “2008 has been a record year, with more executions this year than in any other of the last fifteen years. We are witnessing a real step backwards” added Dan Van Raemdonck, Vice-President of FIDH. Thirteen persons have been executed since the beginning of the year, and 102 are currently on death row. There has not been a single retrial of a death penalty case since 1986, and no convicted prisoner has been pardoned since 1975. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/japon505a2008.pdf ) [991] => Array ( [objectID] => 5521 [title] => Viêt Namese : Những biến chuyển về mặt Pháp Lý về sự riêng tư trên Internet và quyền tự do ngôn luận ảnh hưởng đến công việc và sự an toàn của những nhà Đấu Tranh Nhân Quyền toàn cầu. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/viet-namese-nhung-bien-chuyen-ve-mat-phap-ly-ve-su-rieng-tu-tren-internet-va-quyen-tu-do-ngon-luan-anh-huong-den-cong-viec-va-su-an-toan-cua-nhung-nha-dau-tranh-nhan-quyen-toan-cau/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Khi emails của chúng ta không đến được người nhận hay khi chúng ta không thể lên được mạng? Chúng ta phản ứng như thế nào về chuyện virus phá hoại các máy vi tính trên thế giới, hay một email tưởng như đến từ một người bạn, yêu cầu mở một hồ sơ đính kèm? Những quyết định thiếu thông tin sẽ dẫn đến sự chọn lựa không hay, và s ựlệ thuộc mù quáng vào khoa học kỹ thuật thường dẫn đến những lỗi lầm đắt giá. Tài liệu này không nhắm tới những thiên tài điện toán. Mục đích của nó là huấn luyện những người sử dụng máy vi tính một cách bình thường và cung cấp họ những giải pháp cho những vấn đề về bảo mật và an toàn trong môi trường điện toán hiện nay. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/files/esecman.vi_.pdf ) [992] => Array ( [objectID] => 5532 [title] => Portuguese : PENA DE MORTE: SOLUÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA OU VIOLAÇÃO DO DIREITO À VIDA? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-pena-de-morte-solucao-da-violencia-ou-violacao-do-direito-a-vida/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Visa o presente artigo a destacar a preocupação do homem com a criminalidade, procurando encontrar meios que possam minimizá-la. Objetiva tornar o assunto objeto de discussão. O tema, dividido em subtemas, procura, no contexto da História, demonstrar como foi tratado esse assunto, verificando a constatação do problema, tomando como medida a paz social. Trata, também, dos aspectos constitucionais sobre o direito à vida, e da sua importância para o ser humano. Detém-se este trabalho à inconstitucionalidade da pena de morte em nosso país, através de uma análise da doutrina a mais científica possível, capaz de conduzir à conscientização inalienada sobre o tema em pauta. Este texto jurídico demonstra que a pena capital não é a solução para a violência, mas uma forma de violar o nosso maior direito, a vida. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.esmarn.tjrn.jus.br/revistas/index.php/revista_direito_e_liberdade/article/view/83 ) [993] => Array ( [objectID] => 5535 [title] => Italian : La condanna a morte di Saddam Hussein. Riflessioni sul divieto di pena capitale e sulla “necessaria sproporzione” della pena nelle gross violations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-la-condanna-a-morte-di-saddam-hussein-riflessioni-sul-divieto-di-pena-capitale-e-sulla-necessaria-sproporzione-della-pena-nelle-gross-violations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => L’articolo prende in considerazione la condanna a morte di Saddam Hussein e sottolinea come il principio di compensazione che sta alla base di numerosi ragionamenti a favore della pena di morte sia del tutto inapplicabile nel caso di violazioni dei diritti umani quali quelle compiute dal dittatore iracheno. Partendo da questa constatazione l’autore passa poi a descrivere come il valore di una persona non sia legato solamente alle proprie gesta e conclude che la pena di morte vada rifiutata proprio a causa dell’impossibilità di misurare la distanza tra il valore della vita di una persona e le sue azioni. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=30489 ) [994] => Array ( [objectID] => 5542 [title] => Indonesian : Praktek Hukuman Mati Di Indonesia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-praktek-hukuman-mati-di-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Paper ini merupakan catatan monitoring KontraS terhadap praktek hukuman mati di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara di dunia yang masih menerapkan hukuman mati dalam aturan pidananya. Padahal, hingga Juni 2006, lebih dari setengah negara-negara di dunia telah menghapuskan praktek hukuman mati baik secara de jure atau de facto. Di tengah kecenderungan global akan moratorium hukuman mati, praktek ini justru makin lazim diterapkan di Indonesia. Paling tidak selama empat tahun berturut-turut telah dilaksanakan eksekusi mati terhadap para orang narapidana. Pro-kontra penerapan hukuman mati ini semakin menguat, karena tampak tak sejalan dengan komitmen Indonesia untuk tunduk pada kesepakatan internasional yang tertuang dalam Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Sipil dan Politik serta Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://kontras.org/hmati/data/Working%20Paper_Hukuman_Mati_di_Indonesia.pdf ) [995] => Array ( [objectID] => 5553 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIU’ IMPORTANTI DEL 2006 (e dei primi sette mesi del 2007) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2006-e-dei-primi-sette-mesi-del-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata anche nel 2006 e nei primi sette mesi del 2007. I paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 146. Di questi, i paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 93; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 9; 1 paese, la Russia, in quanto membro del Consiglio d’Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; quelli che hanno introdotto una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 4; i paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono cioè sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, sono 39. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=9324654 ) [996] => Array ( [objectID] => 6347 [title] => Film: “The Execution of Wanda Jean” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-the-execution-of-wanda-jean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In THE EXECUTION OF WANDA JEAN, award-winning filmmaker Liz Garbus continues her investigations into the American criminal justice system with the compelling story of convicted murderess Wanda Jean Allen [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/The-Execution-Wanda-Jean-Allen/dp/B000BB154I ) [997] => Array ( [objectID] => 6681 [title] => Where is the justice for me?’ The case of Troy Davis, facing execution in Georgia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/where-is-the-justice-for-me-the-case-of-troy-davis-facing-execution-in-georgia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Troy Anthony Davis has been on death row in Georgia for more than 15 years for the murder of a police officer he maintains he did not commit. Given that all but three of the witnesses who testified against Troy Davis at his trial have since recanted or contradicted their testimony amidst allegations that some of it had been made under police duress, there are serious and as yet unanswered questions surrounding the reliability of his conviction and the state’s conduct in obtaining it. As the case currently stands, the government’s pursuit of the death penalty contravenes international safeguards which prohibit the execution of anyone whose guilt is not based on “clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts”. Amnesty International does not know if Troy Davis is guilty or innocent of the crime for which he is facing execution. As an abolitionist organization, it opposes his death sentence either way. It nevertheless believes that this is one in a long line of cases in the USA that should give even ardent supporters of the death penalty pause for thought. For it provides further evidence of the danger, inherent in the death penalty, of irrevocable error. As the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court wrote in 1993, “It is an unalterable fact that our judicial system, like the human beings who administer it, is fallible. Or as a US federal judge said in 2006, “The assessment of the death penalty, however well designed the system for doing so, remains a human endeavour with a consequent risk of error that may not be remediable.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/usa-%E2%80%98where-is-the-justice-for-me-the-case-of-troy-davis-facing-execution-in-georgia ) [998] => Array ( [objectID] => 7071 [title] => State Secrets: China’s Legal Labyrinth [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-secrets-chinas-legal-labyrinth/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report describes and examines the PRC state secrets system and shows how itallows and even promotes human rights violations by undermining the rights tofreedom of expression and information. The PRC state secrets system, implementedthrough a CPC-controlled hierarchy of government bodies, is comprised of statesecrets laws and regulations that work in tandem with the PRC’s state security,criminal procedure and criminal laws, to create a complex, opaque system that controlsthe classification of—and criminalizes the disclosure or possession of—statesecrets. By guarding too much information and sweeping a vast universe of informationinto the state secrets net, the complex and opaque state secrets system perpetuatesa culture of secrecy that is not only harmful but deadly to Chinese society [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/State-Secrets-Report/HRIC_StateSecrets-Report.pdf ) [999] => Array ( [objectID] => 7098 [title] => A Crisis of Confidence: Americans’ Doubts About the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-crisis-of-confidence-americans-doubts-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to a national public opinion poll conducted in 2007, the public is losing confidence in the death penalty. People are deeply concerned about the risk of executing the innocent, about the fairness of the process, and about the inability of capital punishment to accomplish its basic purposes. Most Americans believe that innocent people have already been executed, that the death penalty is not a deterrent to crime, and that a moratorium should be placed on all executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/CoC.pdf ) [1000] => Array ( [objectID] => 7168 [title] => The Death Penalty Worldwide – Developments in 2006 (With amendments) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2006-with-amendments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The world continued to move closer to the universal abolition of capital punishment during 2006. By the end of the year 88 countries had abolished the death penalty for all crimes. The death penalty has now been abolished in law or practice by 128 countries. Other subjects covered in this document include significant judicial decisions; the use of the death penalty against child offenders; resumptions of executions; and campaigning activities to promote abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/005/2007/en/30ea2f85-d3b8-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/act500052007en.pdf ) [1001] => Array ( [objectID] => 7184 [title] => USA: Breaking a lethal habit – A look back at the death penalty in 2007 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-breaking-a-lethal-habit-a-look-back-at-the-death-penalty-in-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document looks back at the death penalty in 2007 beginning with the New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission releasing its final report recommending abolition and concluding with the UN General Assembly passing a landmark resolution calling for a global moratorium. It includes death by electrocution; abolition; execution, commutation and stay of execution; mental illness; child rape as well as geographical and colour bias. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/197/2007/en/96bc53c0-afb8-11dc-b001-5f9481a8353e/amr511972007eng.pdf ) [1002] => Array ( [objectID] => 7209 [title] => The Death Penalty in Botswana: Hasty and Secretive Hangings – International Fact Finding Mission [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-botswana-hasty-and-secretive-hangings-international-fact-finding-mission/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report determined that the death penalty remains a sensitive and secretive issue in Botswana. The authorities are reluctant to encourage public debate about the death penalty and its possible abolition. There is a total lack of transparency in the actual execution process of the death sentence. The hasty way in which most recent hangings have been carried out, further cast doubt upon the willingness of the Government of Botswana to seriously address this issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Botswana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Botswana473angconjointpdmjuin2007.pdf ) [1003] => Array ( [objectID] => 5507 [title] => Bulgarian : Как гласът ни да бъде чут в ЕС:Наръчник за НПО [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bulgarian-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%8a%d1%82-%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d1%8a%d0%b4%d0%b5-%d1%87%d1%83%d1%82-%d0%b2-%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%8a%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Това обучение наръчник е специално проектиран за тези "новодошъл", неправителствени организации и активисти, които са в процес на създаване на Европейска стратегия. Това се постига, чрез предоставяне на "пригодени направени информация за институциите на ЕС, начин на работа на европейски НПО, както и лобиране" съвети ", илюстрирани с примери на ниво кампании на ЕС. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/ONGGuide_BU.pdf ) [1004] => Array ( [objectID] => 5508 [title] => Romanian : Cum s v face i vocea auzit în cadrul Uniunii Europene: Îndreptar pentru Organiza iile Non-Guvernamentale [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/romanian-cum-s-v-face-i-vocea-auzit-in-cadrul-uniunii-europene-indreptar-pentru-organiza-iile-non-guvernamentale/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Acest îndreptar a fost creat în mod special pentru acele ONG-uri care abia i-au început activitatea i pentru membrii acestora, implica i în procesul de formulare a unei strategii europene. Pentru a- i atinge scopul, aceast publica ie ofer informa ii despre UE adaptate pe m sura fiec rei organiza ii, precum i sfaturi legate de activitatea de „lobbying”, ilustrate prin prezentara unor cazuri de campanii la nivelul UE. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_RO.pdf ) [1005] => Array ( [objectID] => 5509 [title] => Estonian : Enda kuuldavaks tegemine Euroopa Liidus: juhend vabaühendustele [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/estonian-enda-kuuldavaks-tegemine-euroopa-liidus-juhend-vabauhendustele/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Käesolev koolituskäsiraamat on välja töötatud eelkõige nende vabaühenduste ja aktivistide jaoks, kes endale parajasti Euroopa strateegiat loovad. Käsiraamat pakub kohandatud teavet ELi institutsioonide ja Euroopa vabaühenduste tegevuse kohta, samuti näpunäiteid lobitööks, mida illustreerivad näited ELi kampaaniatest. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/ONGguide_Estonian.pdf ) [1006] => Array ( [objectID] => 5510 [title] => Italian : Far sentire la propria voce nell’UE Guida per le ONG [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-far-sentire-la-propria-voce-nellue-guida-per-le-ong/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Questo manuale è stato pensato per le ONG e gli attivisti "nuovi arrivati" che stanno creando una strategia europea e contiene informazioni mirate sulle istituzioni comunitarie e sul funzionamento delle ONG europee, nonché suggerimenti per svolgere attività di lobby, illustrati da esempi di campagne condotte a livello europeo. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/OngGuide_IT.pdf ) [1007] => Array ( [objectID] => 5511 [title] => German : Einfluss nehmen in der EU: Ein Handbuch für NROs [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-einfluss-nehmen-in-der-eu-ein-handbuch-fur-nros/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Dieses Handbuch richtet sich speziell an die „Neulinge“ unter den NROs und Aktivisten, die dabei sind, eine europäische Strategie zu entwickeln. Es enthält daher auf die Realität dieser NROs und Aktivisten abgestimmte Informationen über EU-Institutionen, die Funktionsweise europäischer NROs und „Lobby-Tipps“, die mit einigen Beispielen von Kampagnen auf EU-Ebene illustriert werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_DE.pdf ) [1008] => Array ( [objectID] => 5512 [title] => Hungarian : Hallassuk hangunkat az EU-ban: útmutató civil szervezeteknek [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hungarian-hallassuk-hangunkat-az-eu-ban-utmutato-civil-szervezeteknek/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ez a kézikönyv kifejezetten azoknak az „újonc” civil szervezeteknek és aktivistáknak készült, akiknél most van folyamatban az uniós stratégia kidolgozása. Ennek megfelelően helyzetre szabott információt nyújt az uniós intézményekről és az európai civil szervezetek tevékenységéről, valamint uniós szintű kampányok példáival illusztrált lobbizási „tippeket” ad. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_HU.pdf ) [1009] => Array ( [objectID] => 5513 [title] => Latvian : Tava balss Eiropas Savieniba: Rokasgramata NVO [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/latvian-tava-balss-eiropas-savieniba-rokasgramata-nvo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Rokasgrāmata ir veidota atbilstoši jauno “ienācēju” vajadzībām – NVO un iedzīvotāji, kas ir uzsākuši ES lobēšanas stratēģijas izstrādi. Rokasgrāmatā ir apkopota informācija par ES institūcijām, Eiropas NVO darbības metodēm, kā arī padomi lobēšanas mākslā, atspoguļojot praktiskos piemērus. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/Handbook_LV.pdf ) [1010] => Array ( [objectID] => 5514 [title] => Portuguese : Faça ouvir A sua voz na União Europeia! [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-faca-ouvir-a-sua-voz-na-uniao-europeia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facultando informações talhadas à medida sobre as instituições comunitárias ou sobre o modo de funcionamento das ONG europeias, fornecendo igualmente conselhos sobre a actividade de lobbying, este manual de formação, ilustrado com exemplos de campanhas realizadas ao nível europeu, foi elaborado com a intenção de servir as ONG e as(os) activistas que começaram agora a preocupar-se com a definição e a afirmação da sua própria estratégia europeia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/OngGuidePT%5B1%5D.pdf ) [1011] => Array ( [objectID] => 5515 [title] => Slovene : Naj se slisi vas glas v EU: Prirocnik za nevladne organizacije [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slovene-naj-se-slisi-vas-glas-v-eu-prirocnik-za-nevladne-organizacije/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Priročnik za usposabljanje je posebej oblikovan za tiste novodošle nevladne organizacije in aktiviste, ki so v procesu uvajanja evropske strategije. Podaja ustrezno prikrojene informacije o institucijah EU, o načinu delovanja evropskih nevladnih organizacij, nudi pa tudi “nasvete” o lobiranju, ki so podkrepljeni s primeri kampanj na ravni EU. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_SLO.pdf ) [1012] => Array ( [objectID] => 5520 [title] => Portuguese : Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-tribunal-africano-dos-direitos-humanos-e-dos-povos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => O Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos foi estabelecido pelo Protocolo à Carta Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos relativamente ao Estabelecimento do Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos. A missão do Tribunal consiste em complementar e reforçar as funções da Comissão promovendo e protegendo os direitos, as liberdades e as obrigações do homem e dos povos nos Estados membros da União Africana. O Tribunal é composto por onze (11) juízes cidadãos dos Estados membros da União Africana e eleitos em função de suas capacidades individuais. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.african-court.org/pt/index.php/about-the-court/jurisdiction-2 ) [1013] => Array ( [objectID] => 5544 [title] => Japanese : 「人権と死刑を考える国際リーダーシップ会議」 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e3%80%8c%e4%ba%ba%e6%a8%a9%e3%81%a8%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%82%92%e8%80%83%e3%81%88%e3%82%8b%e5%9b%bd%e9%9a%9b%e3%83%aa%e3%83%bc%e3%83%80%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b7%e3%83%83%e3%83%97%e4%bc%9a%e8%ad%b0/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 欧州連合（ＥＵ）の行政機関として、死刑廃止政策を積極的に推進するＥＣからは、駐日ＥＣ代表部のライテラー公使が、裁判員制度を目前に控えるなか、死刑の存廃・目的・機能、適用方法、犯罪被害者遺族のみならず被執行者遺族の問題を議論することが必要と指摘し、「世論調査による８０％の死刑支持率は、死刑継続の正当化ではなく、さらなる議論を要することを示すもの」と語った。またＡＢＡからは、多忙なスケジュールの合間をぬって来日したマイケル・グレコ会長が発言した。ＡＢＡは、死刑存廃に関する態度は留保したまま、死刑制度に関するさまざまな問題点を指摘し、９７年２月に死刑執行停止を求める決議を採択し、死刑制度の運用や死刑事件弁護等に関するガイドラインを制定するほか、さまざまなプログラムを全米さらには海外で展開している。グレコ会長は、「命が奪われる前には、公正な裁判が行われなければならない」として、法律家の責任を強く訴えた [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.euinjapan.jp/media/news/news2005/20051109/110000/ ) [1014] => Array ( [objectID] => 5545 [title] => Japanese : 21世紀日本に死刑は必要か？死刑執行停止法の制定を求めて [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-21%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80-%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e3%81%ab%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%81%af%e5%bf%85%e8%a6%81%e3%81%8b%ef%bc%9f%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e5%81%9c%e6%ad%a2%e6%b3%95%e3%81%ae/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 賛否が分かれる死刑制度2006年9月現在、死刑制度を維持している国は、世界で68か国です。死刑制度に賛成の立場からは、人の生命を奪った者が自らの生命を奪われるのは当然である、という応報的な考え方や、愛する者を奪われた被害者遺族の感情を考えれば死刑は必要である、死刑の威嚇によって犯罪を抑止することができる、などが死刑制度を維持すべき理由として挙げられています。一方、死刑を廃止している国は129か国。死刑制度に反対の立場からは、人権保障の観点から、たとえ国家であっても生命という究極の価値を奪うことは許されない、死刑は残虐で非人道的な刑罰である、とする考えや、誤判による死刑のおそれがあること、死刑に犯罪抑止の効果は実証されていないこと、などが挙げられています。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/publication/booklet/data/shikei_pamphlet.pdf ) [1015] => Array ( [objectID] => 5552 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIù IMPORTANTI DEL 2005 (e dei primi sei mesi del 2006) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2005-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da almeno dieci anni, si è confermata anche nel 2005 e nei primi sei mesi del 2006. I paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 142. Di questi, i paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 90; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 10; 1 paese, la Russia, in quanto membro del Consiglio d’Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; quelli che hanno introdotto una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono cioè sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, sono 37. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=8000651 ) [1016] => Array ( [objectID] => 5557 [title] => Japanese : 今日が最期の日？ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e4%bb%8a%e6%97%a5%e3%81%8c%e6%9c%80%e6%9c%9f%e3%81%ae%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9f/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 日本では、死刑執行の予定日に刑務所の外で監視行動などがおこなわれることはない。処刑がおこなわれるかどうかは当局だけが知るところだからである。また処刑は通常、国会が閉会中で処刑の問題を国会で協議することができないような時期におこなわれる。臼井日出男元法相によれば、「死刑についての論議を大々的にする」機会を野党議員に与えないために、このような方針がとられているということである。死刑の執行に関して唯一明らかにされているのは、定期的に法務省が出す統計情報である。執行された人の名前は明らかにはされず、家族が公開しないかぎり知ることはできない。法務省はこうした秘密主義は, 死刑囚の家族を、身内が処刑されたと知られないよう、保護するためだとしている。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA22/006/2006/en/3ce20491-d420-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/asa220062006ja.pdf ) [1017] => Array ( [objectID] => 6090 [title] => The last executioner: memoirs of Thailand’s last prison executioner [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-executioner-memoirs-of-thailands-last-prison-executioner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Chavoret Jaruboon was personally responsible for executing 55 prison inmates in Thailand’s infamous prisons. As a boy, he wanted to be a teacher like his father, but his life changed when he chose one of the hardest jobs in the world. Honest and often disturbing – but told with surprising humour and emotion – 'The Last Executioner' is the remarkable story of a man who chose death as his vocation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Last-Executioner-Memoirs-Thailands-executioner-ebook/dp/B005BSZ8SK/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1429002365&sr=1-1&keywords=the+last+executioner%3A+memoirs+of+thailand%27s+last+prison+executioner ) [1018] => Array ( [objectID] => 6428 [title] => A Life in the Balance: The Billy Wayne Sinclair Story, A Journey from Murder to Redemption Inside America’s Worst Prison System [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-life-in-the-balance-the-billy-wayne-sinclair-story-a-journey-from-murder-to-redemption-inside-americas-worst-prison-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Life in the Balance: a book on the Billy Wayne Sinclair Story, A Journey from Murder to Redemption Inside America’s Worst Prison System. The New York Times Book Review called it a “numbing tale of crime, punishment, and redemption.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Life-Balance-Sinclair-Redemption-Americas/dp/1611451027/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1332494421&sr=1-2 ) [1019] => Array ( [objectID] => 6674 [title] => Death Penalty – Mistake (Leonel Herrera) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-mistake-leonel-herrera/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video explores the story of Leonel Herrera who was sentenced to death for the murder of a police man. A statement from his nephew came many years later that shed light on Leonels innocence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUOanRJXCrM ) [1020] => Array ( [objectID] => 7010 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak – MISSION TO CHINA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment-manfred-nowak-mission-to-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Special Rapporteur also observes positive developments at the legislative level, including the planned reform of several laws relevant to the criminal procedure, which he hopes will bring Chinese legislation into greater conformity with international norms, particularly the fair trial standards contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which China signed in 1998 and is preparing to ratify. He also welcomes the resumption by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of its authority to review all death penalty cases,59 particularly given the fact that the quality of the judiciary increases as one ascends the hierarchy. The Special Rapporteur suggests that China might use the opportunity of this important event to increase transparency regarding the number of death sentences in the country, as well as to consider legislation that would allow direct petitioning to the SPC in cases where individuals do not feel that they were provided with adequate relief by lower courts in cases involving the useof torture, access to counsel, etc. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/6/Add.6&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [1021] => Array ( [objectID] => 7149 [title] => Japan: “Will this day be my last?” The death penalty in Japan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japan-will-this-day-be-my-last-the-death-penalty-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines a number of concerns related to the application of the death penalty in Japan, where approximately 87 prisoners currently remain on death row. These concerns include the fact that a prisoner is notified of the execution on the morning of the day it is to be carried out. In some cases the prisoner is not notified at all. This means that prisoners live with the constant fear of execution, not knowing whether they will be alive the next day. Amnesty International calls on the Japanese government to abolish the death penalty as a matter of urgency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA22/006/2006/en/04c23096-d420-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/asa220062006en.pdf ) [1022] => Array ( [objectID] => 7179 [title] => USA: Blind faith: An appeal to President George W. Bush to admit that the USA’s 30-year experiment with the death penalty has failed [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-blind-faith-an-appeal-to-president-george-w-bush-to-admit-that-the-usas-30-year-experiment-with-the-death-penalty-has-failed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the context of the "war on terror", US officials have authorized and condoned interrogation techniques and detention conditions that violate the international prohibition on torture. Yet officials have at the same time claimed to be committed to treating detainees humanely. Amnesty International now urges President Bush, in addition to reconsideration of his administration's approach to the treatment of detainees in US custody at home and abroad, to reconsider his support for the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/100/2006/en/e15e9aec-d418-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/amr511002006en.pdf ) [1023] => Array ( [objectID] => 5551 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIU’ IMPORTANTI DEL 2004 (e dei primi mesi del 2005) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2004-e-dei-primi-mesi-del-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da almeno dieci anni, si è confermata anche nel 2004 e nei primi mesi del 2005. I paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 138. Di questi, i paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 86; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 11; 1 paese, la Russia, in quanto membro del Consiglio d’Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; quelli che hanno introdotto una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono cioè sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, sono 35. Dall’inizio del 2004, 3 paesi sono passati dal fronte dei mantenitori a quello a vario titolo abolizionista, mentre altri 5 hanno fatto ulteriori passi in avanti all’interno dello stesso fronte abolizionista. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=6000639 ) [1024] => Array ( [objectID] => 5560 [title] => Swahili : Tanzania: Adhabu ya Kifo Imerasimishwa? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/swahili-tanzania-adhabu-ya-kifo-imerasimishwa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Katika hoja zinazotumika sana kutetea adhabu ya kifo ni kuwa inasaidia kupunguza uhalifu. Inaelezewa kuwa adhabu ya kifo inalinda jamii dhidi ya watu waliohatari na kuzuia wengine wasije wakafanya uhalifu. Hoja hizi zimethibitishwa kutokuwa na ukweli wowote. Je adhabu ya kifo inalinda jamii dhini ya uhalifu? Hailekei kuwa hivyo. Jamii zinazotumia adhabu ya kifo hazina ulinzi dhidi ya uhalifu kuliko zaidi ya zile jamii zisizotumia adhabu hiyo. Mahali ambapo kuna adhabu mbadala kama vile kifungo, ulinzi wa jamii, hautegemei kuwaondosha kimwili wahalifu. Zaidi ya hapo, inaweza kuelezwa kuwa tahadhari zinazochukuliwa kuzuia wanaosubiri, kuuwawa kujiua inaonyesha wazi kuwa kumuondosha kimwili mhalifu sio sababu ya msingi ya adhabu ya kifo. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/tz414swa.pdf ) [1025] => Array ( [objectID] => 6903 [title] => The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 – February 28, 2005 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-juvenile-death-penalty-today-death-sentences-and-executions-for-juvenile-crimes-january-1-1973-february-28-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is Issue #77, the final issue of these periodic reports, having first been launched on June 15, 1984. On that date, the death penalty for juvenile offenders (defined as those under age 18 at the time of their crimes) was an obscure issue in law as well as in political and social arenas. During the last twenty-one years, these reports have been with us (1) through the intense litigation of the late 1980s, (2) through our society's near hysteria about violent juvenile crime in the 1990s, (3) into the era of the international pressure on the United States to abandon this practice, and (4) now at the end of this practice. The validity and influence of these reports is indicated by thecitations to them in the opinions of leading courts, including the United States Supreme Court: Roper v. Simmons, 125 S.Ct. 1183, 1192, 1193, 1210, 1211, 1221 (2005); In re Stanford, 537 U.S. 968, 971 (2002); and Stanford v. Kentucky, 492 U.S. 361, 373 (1989). In the litigation leading up to the final juvenile death penalty case before the United States Supreme Court (Roper v. Simmons, 125 S.Ct. 1183 (2005)), the Missouri Supreme Court majority opinion included 12 citations to these reports: See Simmons v. Roper, 112 S.W.3d 397, 408, 409, 411 (Mo. 2003). This final issue of this periodic report is intended to document the status of the death penalty for juvenile offenders as ofthe day before the United States Supreme Court held this practice to be unconstitutional. These reports sketch the characteristics of the juvenile offenders and their crimes who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed, and who are currently under death sentences. ---- See bottom left hand corner of web page. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/StreibJuvDP2005.pdf ) [1026] => Array ( [objectID] => 6944 [title] => Killing the Willing: “Volunteers,” Suicide and Competency [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-the-willing-volunteers-suicide-and-competency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every death-row volunteer inevitably presents us with the following question: Should a death-row inmate who wishes to waive his appeals be viewed as a client making a legal decision to accept the justness of his punishment, or as a person seeking the aid of the state in committing suicide? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=lsrp_papers ) [1027] => Array ( [objectID] => 7011 [title] => Report by the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak – MISSION TO MONGOLIA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-by-the-special-rapporteur-on-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment-manfred-nowak-mission-to-mongolia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Special Rapporteur is also deeply concerned about all the circumstances surrounding the death penalty in Mongolia, especially the total secrecy. Despite repeated requests to the highest authorities of the Government, as well as prosecutors and the judiciary, the Special Rapporteur was not provided with any official information. Concern was expressed that not even the families of the condemned persons are notified of the exact date or place of execution and do not receive their mortal remains for burial, which amounts to inhuman treatment of the family, contrary to article 7 of the Covenant. Moreover, prisoners on death row at the Gants Hudag and Zuunmod detention centres are held in complete isolation, handcuffed and shackled, and denied adequate food. These conditions constitute additional punishments which can only be qualified as torture as defined in article 1 of the Convention. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mongolia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/6/Add.4&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [1028] => Array ( [objectID] => 5531 [title] => Japanese : 特集／死刑を考える [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e7%89%b9%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%8f%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%82%92%e8%80%83%e3%81%88%e3%82%8b/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 【特集】死刑を考える・死刑代替刑としての終身刑・死刑廃止議員連盟の法案作成課程を振り返る・死刑廃止をめぐる最近の国際的動向・死刑求刑検察官上告5事件以降の死刑判決の分析・共犯事件の死刑適用基準・死刑判決に対する被告人による上訴取下げの問題点 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://218.42.146.84/genjin//search.cgi?mode=detail&bnum=20089 ) [1029] => Array ( [objectID] => 5534 [title] => Portuguese : A PENA DE MORTE NA LEGISLAÇÃO CRIMINAL COMUM DO BRASIL -O CASO MOTTACOQUEIRO E SUA REPERCUSSÃO [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-a-pena-de-morte-na-legislacao-criminal-comum-do-brasil-o-caso-mottacoqueiro-e-sua-repercussao/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Este artigo trata da pena de morte dentro da legislação criminal brasileira, analisando algumas sanções impostas no período colonial, por meio do Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas, bem como da legislação pertinente no Brasil Império, pelo Código Criminal de 1830 e suas reformas de 1832 e 1835. Por fim, discorre sobre o processo Motta Coqueiro e sua repercussão na sociedade, após decisão condenatória do réu, posteriormente provado inocente, com o intuito de acabar com este tipo de penalidade no Brasil. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:rede.virtual.bibliotecas:artigo.revista:2004;1000765621 ) [1030] => Array ( [objectID] => 5550 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIU´ IMPORTANTI DEL 2003 (e dei primi mesi del 2004) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2003-e-dei-primi-mesi-del-2004/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : La situazione della pena di morte nel mondo è ulteriormente e positivamente cambiata in senso abolizionista nell´ultimo anno. I paesi o i territori che a vario titolo hanno deciso di rinunciare a praticarla sono oggi 133. Di questi 81 sono totalmente abolizionisti; 14 sono abolizionisti per crimini ordinari; 1 (la Russia) in quanto membro del Consiglio d´Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 5 hanno stabilito una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 32 sono abolizionisti di fatto (non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20135 ) [1031] => Array ( [objectID] => 5558 [title] => Indonesian : Indonesia: Urusan tentang pidana mati [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-indonesia-urusan-tentang-pidana-mati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International juga prihatin akan adanya seruan untuk memperluas jenis masalah kejahatan yang dapat dijatuhi pidana mati. Saat ini pidana mati dapat dijatuhkan pada pelaku kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan masalah pembunuhan; kejahatan menentang keamanan negara; pembunuhan Presiden atau Wakil Presiden dan kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan narkoba. Berlawanan dengan kecenderungan internasional yang ingin menghapuskan atau mengurangi jumlah kasus kejahatan yang dapat dijatuhi pidana mati, dua undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dan terorisme yang telah diadopsi selama empat tahun terakhir mencantumkan pidana mati atas beberapa kejahatan. Pada tahun-tahun belakangan ini juga telah ada seruan untuk menjatuhkan pidana mati bagi pelaku penebangan kayu ilegal dan pelaku korupsi. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA21/040/2004/en/4e115c31-d585-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/asa210402004in.pdf ) [1032] => Array ( [objectID] => 6600 [title] => Model League of Arab States: Delegates’ Handbook and Rules of Procedure [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/model-league-of-arab-states-delegates-handbook-and-rules-of-procedure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides an introduction to the League explaining the idea of the Arab League, how it was formed, its objectives and its structure. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ysu.edu/gep/hsPDF/arab04.pdf ) [1033] => Array ( [objectID] => 6761 [title] => Death penalty – Beyond abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-beyond-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Europe is today the only region in the world where the death penalty has been almost completely abolished. In the Council of Europe's 45 member states, including the European Union's 15 member states and its 13 candidate countries, capital punishment is no longer applied. The Council of Europe played a pioneering role in the battle for abolition, believing that the death penalty has no place in democratic societies under any circumstances. This determination to eradicate the death penalty was reflected in Protocol No.6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, on the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime, which was adopted in April 1983, then in Protocol No.13 on the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances, adopted in May 2002.Introduced by Roger Hood, an international expert on death penalty legislation, this book reviews the long and sometimes tortuous path to abolition in Europe. It also addresses the tangible problems which countries face once the death penalty has been abolished, and related issues: the situation of murder victims' families and alternatives to capital punishment, particularly the choice of a substitute sentence.The Council of Europe's campaign for abolition is currently being pursued beyond Europe's borders, in those states which have Observer status with the organisation, particularly the United States and Japan: the situation in these countries is discussed here.This publication will be of interest to all those who feel concerned by this issue, particularly members of NGOs, lawyers, officials in departments dealing with legal and criminal affairs, and human rights campaigners. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=1627 ) [1034] => Array ( [objectID] => 6922 [title] => Explaining Death Row’s Population and Racial Composition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/explaining-death-rows-population-and-racial-composition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Twenty-three years of murder and death sentence data show how murder demographics help explain death row populations. Nevada and Oklahoma are the most death-prone states; Texas's death sentence rate is below the national mean. Accounting for the race of murderers establishes that black representation on death row is lower than black representation in the population of murder offenders. This disproportion results from reluctance to seek or impose death in black defendant-black victim cases, which more than offsets eagerness to seek and impose death in black defendant-white victim cases. Death sentence rates in black defendant-white victim cases far exceed those in either black defendant-black victim cases or white defendant-white victim cases. The disproportion survives because there are many more black defendant-black victim murders, which are underrepresented on death row, than there are black defendant-white victim murders, which are overrepresented on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2004.00006.x/abstract ) [1035] => Array ( [objectID] => 6954 [title] => Courtroom Contortions: How America’s application of the death penalty erodes the principle of equal justice under law [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/courtroom-contortions-how-americas-application-of-the-death-penalty-erodes-the-principle-of-equal-justice-under-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One cost this country pays for the death penalty is that its courts are constantly compelled to corrupt the law in order to uphold death sentences. That corruption soils the character of the United States as a nation dedicated to equal justice under law.This is not the only price we pay for being one of the very few democracies in the world that retains capital punishment in the 21st century. But it is a significant item on the cost side of the cost-benefit ledger, something that each thinking person ought to balance in deciding whether he or she supports capital punishment. And it warrants discussion because this cost is little understood. I have spent much of my time for the past 40 years representing death-sentenced inmates in appeals at every level of the state and federal judicial systems, and I am only lately coming to realize how large a tax the death penalty imposes on the quality of justice in those systems. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=courtroom_contortions ) [1036] => Array ( [objectID] => 7135 [title] => Myanmar: The Administration Of Justice – Grave And Abiding Concerns [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myanmar-the-administration-of-justice-grave-and-abiding-concerns/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report discusses Amnesty International's concern about political imprisonments in Myanmar. Arbitrary arrests; torture and ill-treatment during incommunicado detention; unfair trials; and laws which greatly curtail the rights to freedom of expression and assembly continue as major obstacles to the improvement in the State Peace and Development Council's human rights record. The section dedicated to the death penalty talks about the death penalty system in relation to specific cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/001/2004/en/f64ca073-d5fa-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/asa160012004en.pdf ) [1037] => Array ( [objectID] => 7146 [title] => Singapore: The death penalty – A hidden toll of executions [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/singapore-the-death-penalty-a-hidden-toll-of-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 400 prisoners have been hanged in Singapore since 1991, giving the small city-state possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population of just over four million people. This report examines the use of the death penalty for drug offences, murder and firearms offences. It emphasizes the cruel and arbitrary nature of the death penalty and shows how it has been imposed on the most marginalized or vulnerable members of society including drug addicts, the poorly educated, the impoverished or unemployed, and migrant workers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA36/001/2004/en/74c4cb33-d64e-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/asa360012004en.pdf ) [1038] => Array ( [objectID] => 7164 [title] => The Death Penalty Worldwide – Developments in 2003 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2003/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document covers significant events concerning the death penalty during the year 2003. Subjects covered in this document include significant judicial decisions; the use of the death penalty against the innocent; reductions and expansions in the scope of the death penalty; moratoria on executions and commutations of death sentences [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/007/2004/en/41d9f5fc-d64a-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/act500072004en.pdf ) [1039] => Array ( [objectID] => 7189 [title] => People’s Republic of China: Executed “according to law”? The death penalty in China [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peoples-republic-of-china-executed-according-to-law-the-death-penalty-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes the process that someone suspected of committing a capital crime goes through under the Chinese criminal justice system, from detention through to execution. This process will be described using examples of cases researched by Amnesty International, and others monitored in the official press in China. As shown, there is potential for the violation of human rights at every stage of the criminal justice process leading to execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/003/2004/en/31175157-d642-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/asa170032004en.pdf ) [1040] => Array ( [objectID] => 5549 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIU´ IMPORTANTI DEL 2002 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2002/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : La situazione della pena di morte nel mondo è quanto mai cambiata negli ultimi anni. I paesi o i territori che in un modo o nell´altro hanno deciso di rinunciare a praticarla sono oggi 130. Di questi 78 sono totalmente abolizionisti; 14 sono abolizionisti per crimini ordinari; 2 in quanto membri del Consiglio d´Europa sono impegnati ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 6 attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 30 sono abolizionisti di fatto (non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni). I paesi mantenitori della pena di morte sono 66, anche se non tutti la praticano con assiduità. Nel 2002, solo 34 di questi paesi hanno compiuto esecuzioni che sono state almeno 4.078, un po´ in calo rispetto al 2001 quando erano state almeno 4.700. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20124 ) [1041] => Array ( [objectID] => 5559 [title] => Japanese : 死刑民主主義国家にあるまじき行為 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e3%81%ab%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b%e3%81%be%e3%81%98%e3%81%8d%e8%a1%8c%e7%82%ba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 廃止推進団体の努力にもかかわらず、世論には、死刑制度の継続を支持する強い傾向があることは確かです。死刑適用の実状を政府が隠し、これまでよかったといわれた治安が徐々に悪化していることもあり、この時機に政府が、国民に不人気な決断をすることはないでしょう。欧州評議会をはじめとする、国際組織からの圧力に対して、政府は「内政に対する許しがたい干渉」ときめつけています。保守派が与党の政府において、廃止に向けての議論が政治決定となる気配はありません。日本のすべての弁護士が加盟する日弁連は、廃止法案提案でコンセンサスに至らなかったという事実が、現時点で死刑がなくなる可能性が少ないことを雄弁に物語っています。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/jp359j.pdf ) [1042] => Array ( [objectID] => 6758 [title] => Legal Lynching: The Death Penalty and America’s Future [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/legal-lynching-the-death-penalty-and-americas-future/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this collaborative work, the Jacksons, father (former presidential candidate and founder of the Rainbow Coalition) and son (a congressional representative) with Salon.com editor Shapiro, pursue a nationwide conversation on the issues surrounding the death penalty one that begins with the proposal of a moratorium and could lead to the eventual cessation of capital punishment. This book describes a bureaucratic nightmare involving defense lawyers asleep at trial, vengeance-hungry politicos and a problematic, imperfect justice system in which the handing out of death sentences is skewed, both racially and economically. An objective examination of this penal system would be beneficial to all, say the authors: since the Supreme Court allowed executions to resume in 1976, one in every eight prisoners on death row has been found innocent and released. There are undoubtedly cases, the authors argue, where the proof of innocence didn't see the light of day in time. Navigating the historical precedents of the death penalty and the reasons why federally mandated executions were restored following a 10-year moratorium imposed in 1967, the authors thoroughly detail legitimate questions regarding what they view as erroneous deterrence theories, scriptural misrepresentation and simple vengeance. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Legal-Lynching-Penalty-Americas-Future/dp/0385722117/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 ) [1043] => Array ( [objectID] => 6768 [title] => Ultimate Punishment: A Lawyer’s Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ultimate-punishment-a-lawyers-reflections-on-dealing-with-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Turow bases his opinions on his experiences as a prosecutor and, in his post-prosecutorial years, working on behalf of death-row inmates, as well as his two years on Illinois's Commission on Capital Punishment, charged by the former Gov. George Ryan.Turow presents both sides of the death penalty debate and seems himself to flip sides depending on the argument.Turow's reflections include: * Thoughts on victims' rights vs. community rights * Whether execution is a deterrent * The possible execution of an innocent person * If not the death penalty, what to do with the worst offenders [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Ultimate-Punishment-Lawyers-Reflections-Dealing/dp/031242373X/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1291137959&sr=1-1-fkmr0 ) [1044] => Array ( [objectID] => 6787 [title] => America’s Experiment With Capital Punishment: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of the Ultimate Penal Sanction [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/americas-experiment-with-capital-punishment-reflections-on-the-past-present-and-future-of-the-ultimate-penal-sanction/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The second edition of America's Experiment with Capital Punishment is an updated and expanded version of the comprehensive first edition. Chapters, authored by the country's leading legal and social science scholars, have been revised to include a host of important developments since the 1998 edition. Thus, new evidence and information is presented concerning racial disparities in the administration of the death penalty, wrongful convictions, deterrence, the prediction of future dangerousness, jury decision-making, public opinion about the death penalty, the effects of the capital punishment process on murder victims' and offenders' relatives, death row incarceration, the costs of capital punishment, execution methods, and many other issues. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1303.pdf ) [1045] => Array ( [objectID] => 7092 [title] => Iraq: The Death Penalty, Executions, and “Prison Cleansing” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-the-death-penalty-executions-and-prison-cleansing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This briefing paper examines Iraq's arbitrary and widespread use of the death penalty and extrajudicial executions. For more than three decades, the government of President Saddam Hussein has sanctioned the use of the death penalty and extrajudicial executions as a tool of political repression, both in order to eliminate real or suspected political opponents and to maintain a reign of terror over the population at large. The executions that have taken place over this period constitute an integral part of more systematic repression - characterized by widespread arbitrary arrests, indefinite detention without trial, death in custody under torture, and large-scale "disappearances" - through which the government has sustained its rule. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/mena/iraq031103.htm ) [1046] => Array ( [objectID] => 7116 [title] => I don’t want another kid to die: Families of Victims Murdered by Juveniles Oppose Juvenile Executions [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/i-dont-want-another-kid-to-die-families-of-victims-murdered-by-juveniles-oppose-juvenile-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “I don’t want another kid to die” is a report about the juvenile death penalty from the perspective of family members of victims killed by juvenile offenders and parents of juvenile offenders who have been executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/JuvenileBookRevised.pdf ) [1047] => Array ( [objectID] => 7162 [title] => Uzbekistan: ‘Justice only in heaven’ – the death penalty in Uzbekistan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uzbekistan-justice-only-in-heaven-the-death-penalty-in-uzbekistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document reports on the use of the death penalty in Uzbekistan. It looks at the scope of the death penalty and the current hurdles to its abolition. The report also examines those factors which commonly lead to judicial error - the use of arbitrary detention and torture, unfair trials and corruption.The latter part of the report looks at the conditions for prisoners on death row and the suffering inflicted by the state on the families of those sentenced to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR62/011/2003/en/def3986d-d68a-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/eur620112003en.pdf ) [1048] => Array ( [objectID] => 7171 [title] => Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: The death penalty – inhumane and Ineffective [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/socialist-republic-of-viet-nam-the-death-penalty-inhumane-and-ineffective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International is alarmed by the recent dramatic rise in the reported imposition of the death penalty in Viet Nam, particularly for drugs-related offences and other economic crimes. It believes that the continuing use of the death penalty in Viet Nam is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and a breach of the right to life and that the conditions surrounding its imposition in Viet Nam are in contravention of international human rights standards. In this report Amnesty is calling on the Vietnamese Government to immediately establish a moratorium on all executions, while taking steps towards total abolition of the death penalty in accordance with international standards and United Nations recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce582,50ffbce59d,3f914f157,0,,COUNTRYREP,VNM.html ) [1049] => Array ( [objectID] => 7177 [title] => Uzbekistan: Unfair trials and secret executions: Summary of the report “‘Justice only in heaven’ – the death penalty in Uzbekistan” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uzbekistan-unfair-trials-and-secret-executions-summary-of-the-report-justice-only-in-heaven-the-death-penalty-in-uzbekistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides a summary of the report "Uzbekistan: "Justice only in heaven" - the death penalty in Uzbekistan" (EUR 62/011/2003). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR62/012/2003/en/d8ef0474-d685-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/eur620122003en.pdf ) [1050] => Array ( [objectID] => 5536 [title] => German : Protokoll Nr. 13 zur Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten bezüglich der Abschaffung der Todesstrafe unter allen Umständen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-protokoll-nr-13-zur-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten-bezuglich-der-abschaffung-der-todesstrafe-unter-allen-umstanden/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Artikel 1 – Abschaffung der TodesstrafeDie Todesstrafe ist abgeschafft. Niemand darf zu dieser Strafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/GER/Treaties/Html/187.htm ) [1051] => Array ( [objectID] => 5537 [title] => Italian : Protocollo n° 13 alla Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali relativo all’abolizione delle pena di morte in ogni circostanza [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-protocollo-n-13-alla-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali-relativo-allabolizione-delle-pena-di-morte-in-ogni-circostanza/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Articolo 1 – Abolizione della pena di morteLa pena di morte è abolita. Nessuno può essere condannato a tale pena né giustiziato. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/ita/Treaties/Html/187.htm ) [1052] => Array ( [objectID] => 5546 [title] => Japanese : 死刑制度問題に関する提言 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e3%81%ab%e9%96%a2%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e6%8f%90%e8%a8%80/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 国連の国際人権（自由権）規約は、第6 条6 項において、「この条のいかなる規定も、この規約の締約国により死刑の廃止を遅らせ又は妨げるために援用されてはならない」として、死刑廃止の方向性を確認していたが、1989 年、国連総会において国際人権（自由権）規約第二選択議定書、いわゆる「死刑廃止条約」（以下、「死刑廃止条約」という。）が採択され（1991 年発効）、死刑の廃止が明確化された。日本は米国・中国などと共に同条約に反対し、今日に至るまで批准していない（注1）。また、国際人権（自由権）規約人権委員会は、1993 年11 月4 日、第3 回の日本政府報告書の審査にあたり、日本政府に対し、死刑廃止に向けた措置をとること、および死刑確定者のおかれた拘禁状態が規約に違反するとして、これを改善することを勧告している。しかし、その後も日本において前記勧告を受けての改善は一切なされず、同委員会は1998 年11 月6 日に再度、日本政府に対し、死刑の廃止および死刑確定者処遇の改善を勧告した。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/opinion/report/data/2002_45.pdf ) [1053] => Array ( [objectID] => 5548 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2001 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2001/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Il 2001 ha confermato l´evoluzione verso l´abolizione della pena di morte in corso ormai da dieci anni. Nell´anno, la Repubblica Federale di Iugoslavia è diventata totalmente abolizionista, il Cile ha abolito la pena di morte per i crimini ordinari, l´Irlanda l´ha abolita anche dalla Costituzione, il Burkina Faso è entrato a fare parte del gruppo degli abolizionisti di fatto non avendo eseguito sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, il Libano ha deciso di attuare una moratoria delle esecuzioni. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20094 ) [1054] => Array ( [objectID] => 6803 [title] => Striving to Eliminate Unjust Executions: Why the ABA’s Individual Rights & Responsibilities Section Has Issued Protocols on Unfair Implementation of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/striving-to-eliminate-unjust-executions-why-the-abas-individual-rights-responsibilities-section-has-issued-protocols-on-unfair-implementation-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ABA concluded in 1997 that pervasive unfairness in capital punishment regimes warranted a halt to executions unless all of the systemic problems the ABA identified were corrected. Four years later, with those problems still pervasive, the ABA’s Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities issued protocols designed to facilitate the evaluation of the fairness—or lack thereof—of a jurisdiction’s capital punishment system. The protocols are particularly timely because many state legislative bodies are authorizing, or considering authorizing, studies of death penalty implementation. The protocols provide an overview, a list of questions to consider, and recommendations with regard to each topic area they cover. While these are not exhaustive, and are not fully applicable in every death penalty jurisdiction, they should prove invaluable to any group seeking to seriously evaluate the manner in which capital punishment is actually administered today. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.tabak_.pdf ) [1055] => Array ( [objectID] => 7117 [title] => Dignity Denied: The Experience of Murder Victims’ Family Members Who Oppose the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dignity-denied-the-experience-of-murder-victims-family-members-who-oppose-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, which includes policy recommendations, is the culmination of a long effort to identify and document the bias on the part of some prosecutors, judges, and members of the victims' services community against victims' family members who oppose the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/dignitydenied.pdf ) [1056] => Array ( [objectID] => 7170 [title] => TAJIKISTAN: DEADLY SECRETS – The death penalty in law and practice [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tajikistan-deadly-secrets-the-death-penalty-in-law-and-practice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Official secrecy surrounds the death penalty in Tajikistan. The picture that Amnesty International has been able to build is incomplete, yet alarming. With random and relentless cruelty, prisoners are executed in secret after unfair trials, with no warning to their families. According to the evidence gathered by Amnesty International, none of the prisoners sentenced to death in Tajikistan received a fair trial. Most, if not all, were tortured. Several different prisoners have given detailed accounts naming the same investigator, but no action has apparently been taken to investigate the truth of these allegations. Testimony extracted under torture has been admitted as evidence and used to condemn prisoners to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tajikistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR60/008/2002/en/38364ad9-d7fe-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/eur600082002en.pdf ) [1057] => Array ( [objectID] => 7173 [title] => THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – The Death Penalty in 2000 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-peoples-republic-of-china-the-death-penalty-in-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The attached report analyses the use of the death penalty in China in 2000 and examines sentencing patterns and the legislation behind the death penalty in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/032/2002/en/5818f318-d80c-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/asa170322002en.pdf ) [1058] => Array ( [objectID] => 7186 [title] => People’s Republic of China: The Death Penalty Log in 2000 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peoples-republic-of-china-the-death-penalty-log-in-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Log gives available details of death sentences and executions occurring in China throughout 2000. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/031/2002/en/782aa2cc-d80c-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/asa170312002en.pdf ) [1059] => Array ( [objectID] => 6949 [title] => THE JURY IN THE TWENTY – FIRST CENTURY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-jury-in-the-twenty-first-century-an-interdisciplinary-conference/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The first section below describes how, for many jurors, the decision about guilt appears to be so overwhelming that it prevents truly separate decision making about punishment. The second section focuses on the degree to which jurors feel constrained by what they view as a requirement to impose death if certain aggravating factors are present in the case. And finally, the third section explores the way in which mitigating evidence, even when it appears to have been extensive and credible, is ignored, devalued, or discredited. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.brooklaw.edu/~/media/PDF/LawJournals/BLR_PDF/blr_v66iv.ashx ) [1060] => Array ( [objectID] => 6967 [title] => An Ancient Precedent: Reflections on the Tale of Korea’s Abolitionist King [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/an-ancient-precedent-reflections-on-the-tale-of-koreas-abolitionist-king/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article will first briefly describe the current situation in the two Koreas and the local anti-death penalty movement before turning to an examination of an ancient Korean precedent for abolition based on an understanding of Buddhist teachings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MISC/102921.htm ) [1061] => Array ( [objectID] => 6969 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: An “Absurd” Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-an-absurd-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article outlines some of the main arguments against the death penalty in Japan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=67+Brooklyn+L.+Rev.+827&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=87a5a0f58e9ab963d970d33e8058fa61 ) [1062] => Array ( [objectID] => 7134 [title] => Saudi Arabia: Defying world trends – Saudi Arabia’s extensive use of capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/saudi-arabia-defying-world-trends-saudi-arabias-extensive-use-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document examines the death penalty in Saudi Arabia and how it is sustained by a mixture of legal, judicial and political factors, whose redress requires a strong political will from the Saudi Arabian government together with a consistent concern and assistance by the international community. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE23/015/2001/en/382926c0-f83c-11dd-a0a9-2bd73ca4d38a/mde230152001en.pdf ) [1063] => Array ( [objectID] => 7175 [title] => People’s Republic of China: The Death Penalty in 1999 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peoples-republic-of-china-the-death-penalty-in-1999/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report analyses the use of the death penalty in China and examines sentencing patterns and the legislation behind the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/005/2001/en/496b7b06-dc39-11dd-a4f4-6f07ed3e68c6/asa170052001en.pdf ) [1064] => Array ( [objectID] => 7182 [title] => UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: No return to execution – The US death penalty as a barrier to extradition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-states-of-america-no-return-to-execution-the-us-death-penalty-as-a-barrier-to-extradition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document examines the issue of extradition and the death penalty in the United States. It looks at the emergence of death penalty clauses in extradition treaties and laws and gives examples of specific cases in the US where extradition has either prevented the application of the death penalty or been circumvented to allow individuals to be sentenced to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/171/2001/en/aef3b824-d8b9-11dd-ad8c-f3d4445c118e/amr511712001en.pdf ) [1065] => Array ( [objectID] => 5547 [title] => Italian : Sintesi dei fatti più rilevanti del 2000 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-rilevanti-del-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In questi anni, abbiamo assistito ad un progressivo rafforzamento del processo abolizionista, ed anche i fatti registrati nel 2000 confermano questo trend positivo. Al 31 dicembre 2000, sono 123 i paesi abolizionisti a vario titolo: 77 sono totalmente abolizionisti, 12 abolizionisti per crimini ordinari, 30 abolizionisti di fatto, 2 impegnati ad abolire la pena di morte in quanto membri del Consiglio d´Europa, 2 attuano una moratoria legale delle esecuzioni. I paesi mantenitori sono 73. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20080 ) [1066] => Array ( [objectID] => 6864 [title] => Europe – A Death Penalty Free Zone: Commentary and Critique of Abolitionist Strategies [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/europe-a-death-penalty-free-zone-commentary-and-critique-of-abolitionist-strategies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this paper is to offer a critique and commentary on the European agenda on the abolition of the death penalty, and in so doing the author has relied heavily on the contributions made by a number of commentators to the recent Council of Europe publication, "The Death Penalty: Abolition in Europe". [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+625&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=262441aa7a8b09ef8e93bf756df0021c ) [1067] => Array ( [objectID] => 6877 [title] => Still Unfair, Still Arbitrary — But Do We Care? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/still-unfair-still-arbitrary-but-do-we-care/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => My assignment is to try to give an overview of the status of the death penalty in America at the beginning of the twenty-first century. I will try to put that in the context of how the death penalty was viewed thirty years ago, or more, and maybe that will tell us something about how the death penalty will be viewed thirty or forty years from now. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+517&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=e3762c1917e6dabca746c438859252df ) [1068] => Array ( [objectID] => 6897 [title] => Abortion, Capital Punishment, and the Politics of “God’s” Will [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abortion-capital-punishment-and-the-politics-of-gods-will/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In her paper, Professor Kimberly J. Cook uses statistics to illustrate the role the Christian Right plays in the public discourse over two issues permeated with religious overtones: abortion and the death penalty. She shows how the Christian Right's approach to these issues is based on an ideological notion of 'Justice " that is primarily focused on vengeance and punishment, to the exclusion of forgiveness. Professor Cook's exploration of the modern roots of this ideology leads to a movement dating from the 1960s known as Christian Reconstructionism, which advocates using state action to enforce its unique interpretation of "God's Will." This interpretation not only advocates an expansive view of the death penalty, but also patriarchal gender roles backed by force of law, religious intolerance, and the manifest goal of establishing a global Christian theocracy. Though it has been publicly disavowed by mainstream Christian Fundamentalists, Professor Cook argues that Reconstructionism has become the cornerstone of the Christian Right. To support this assertion, she compares current Christian Right socio-political goals with Reconstructionist theology. Professor Cook concludes with a warning that the Christian Right's political power, coupled with its Reconstructionist influenced ideology, places our constitutional protections at risk. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1372&context=wmborj ) [1069] => Array ( [objectID] => 7145 [title] => Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: The death penalty – recent developments [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/socialist-republic-of-viet-nam-the-death-penalty-recent-developments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document contains information about the recent developments in Vietm Nam regarding the death penalty. Amnesty International welcomes the reduction in the number of offenses punishable by the death penalty. However, the organization remains concerned that there is still a broad range of offenses which are punishable by the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA41/001/2000/en/24fbf627-df76-11dd-8abb-118b2e919ec0/asa410012000en.pdf ) [1070] => Array ( [objectID] => 5463 [title] => Italian : Riflessioni sulla pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-riflessioni-sulla-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.it/Riflessioni-sulla-morte-Albert-Camus/dp/8877108142 ) [1071] => Array ( [objectID] => 5540 [title] => German : Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Artikel 2 - Recht auf Leben1 Das Recht jedes Menschen auf Le-ben wird gesetzlich geschützt. Niemand darf absichtlich getötet werden, außer durch Vollstreckung eines Todesurteils, das ein Gericht wegen eines Verbre-chens verhängt hat, für das die Todes-strafe gesetzlich vorgesehen ist. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_DEU.pdf ) [1072] => Array ( [objectID] => 5541 [title] => Italian : Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Articolo 2 - Diritto alla vita1 Il diritto alla vita di ogni persona è protetto dalla legge. Nessuno può essere intenzionalmente privato della vita, salvo che in esecuzione di una sentenza capi-tale pronunciata da un tribunale, nel ca-so in cui il reato sia punito dalla legge con tale pena. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ITA.pdf ) [1073] => Array ( [objectID] => 6750 [title] => Deterrence [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Scientific studies have consistently failed to demonstrate that executions deter people from committing crime anymore than long prison sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=82 ) [1074] => Array ( [objectID] => 6751 [title] => The High Cost of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-high-cost-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A fact sheet on the cost of the death penalty in the United States. Life emprisonment without parole is suggested. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=42 ) [1075] => Array ( [objectID] => 6735 [title] => Death Penalty and Arbitrariness [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-arbitrariness/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This sheet details the factors which contribute to the arbitrariness of the death penalty in the USA. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-arbitrariness/page.do?id=1101083 ) [1076] => Array ( [objectID] => 6736 [title] => Death Penalty and Deterrence [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-deterrence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An argument against deterrence is made by looking at a survey which found that during the last 20 years, the homicide rate in states with the death penalty has been 48 to 101 percent higher than in states without the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/the-death-penalty-and-deterrence/page.do?id=1101085 ) [1077] => Array ( [objectID] => 6737 [title] => Human Rights and the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This sheet details what human rights are in relation to the death penalty and the USA. It discusses racism, inadequete legal representation and the unjustifiable cost of the death penalty in the US. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.discoverhumanrights.org/uploads/death_penalty_fact_sheet_u_s.pdf ) [1078] => Array ( [objectID] => 6746 [title] => Religion and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/religion-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In recent years, a growing number of religious organizations have participated in the nation's death penalty debate. The purpose of this Web page is to provide access to information regarding the efforts of these faith groups and to highlight recent developments related to religion and the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/religion-and-death-penalty ) [1079] => Array ( [objectID] => 6748 [title] => Inadequete Legal Representation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/inadequete-legal-representation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Perhaps the most important factor in determining whether a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the representation he or she is provided. Almost all defendants in capital cases cannot afford their own attorneys. In many cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=83 ) [1080] => Array ( [objectID] => 6730 [title] => Death Penalty and Innocence [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This webpage talks about innocence and the death penalty: Examples of innocence in three cases in the United States and factors leading to wrongful conviction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-innocence/page.do?id=1101086 ) [1081] => Array ( [objectID] => 6732 [title] => Death Penalty Cost [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-cost/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This factsheet deals with the cost of the death penalty in the United States using figures from a study conducted by the Californian Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-cost/page.do?id=1101084 ) [1082] => Array ( [objectID] => 6733 [title] => Death Penalty and Race [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-race/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => From initial charging decisions to plea bargaining to jury sentencing, African-Americans are treated more harshly when they are defendants, and their lives are accorded less value when they are victims. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-race/page.do?id=1101091 ) [1083] => Array ( [objectID] => 6734 [title] => Anything But Humane [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anything-but-humane/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A fact sheet on the lethal injection in the United States. This page details the process of lethal injection with statements of US health professional associations on participation in execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/lethal-injection/page.do?id=1101012 ) [1084] => Array ( [objectID] => 6684 [title] => Witness to Innocence – from death row to freedom [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/witness-to-innocence-from-death-row-to-freedom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Errors have been made repeatedly in death penalty cases because of: poor legal representation, racial prejudice, prosecutorial misconduct, the presentation of erroneous evidence, false confession, junk science, eyewitness error. Once convicted, a death row prisoner faces enormous obstacles in convincing any court that he or she is innocent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ntcmissionaloutreach.org/missional-outreach-blog/witness_to_innocence ) [1085] => Array ( [objectID] => 6664 [title] => How to Lobby [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-lobby/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lobbying your elected officials is one of the most important actions you can take to bring about the end of the death penalty. Here are some tips for communicating effectively with government officials. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => http://www.californiapeopleoffaith.org/lobbying.pdf ) [1086] => Array ( [objectID] => 6647 [title] => The Last Meals Project [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-meals-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This series visually documents the face and last meal of a convicted killer and is without question honest and true. This will be an ongoing project as executions continue to take place in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.lastmealsproject.com/pages.html ) [1087] => Array ( [objectID] => 6653 [title] => Student Resource Centre [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/student-resource-centre/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A resource centre for students researching the death penalty. It provides student essays as an example on how to write an essay on the death penalty. It also contains a contact list of - death row inmates, activists, jurists, families of inmates, and others that have agreed to make themselves available to answer students' questions regarding capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://ccadp.org/students.htm ) [1088] => Array ( [objectID] => 6655 [title] => Capital Punishment in Context [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-in-context/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Capital Punishment in Context contains several cases of individuals who were sentenced to death in the United States. Each case presents a narrative account of the individual’s crime, trial and punishment, along with guidelines for analysis, discussion and further research on issues raised by the case. The narratives are supplemented by resources such as original police reports from the homicide investigation and transcripts of testimony from witnesses. After reading the case, you can further explore issues by following a series of links to new information. Each case, along with the related materials, delineates a path through the criminal justice system. At every stage of the process, questions are raised about how the system works. These questions can lead to an analysis of key topics, such as the quality of legal representation for criminal defendants, the risk of wrongful convictions, the role of capital jurors, judicial independence, and the role that race may play in the criminal justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/ ) [1089] => Array ( [objectID] => 6636 [title] => False Confessions and Recording of Custodial Interrogations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/false-confessions-and-recording-of-custodial-interrogations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many of the nation’s 249 wrongful convictions overturned by DNA evidence involved some form of a false confession. Yet it’s virtually impossible to fathom wh a person would wrongly confess to a crime he or she did not commit. The causes behind false confessions is explored in this text. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/False_Confessions__Recording_Of_Custodial_Interrogations.php ) [1090] => Array ( [objectID] => 6641 [title] => Host a Speaking Event [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/host-a-speaking-event/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Are you stressing about finding that perfect speaker for your next event? Worried that the speaker be inspirational, educational, and entertaining all at the same time? Look no further. We are awaiting your call to help you organize an unforgettable and unique experience for your audience. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.witnesstoinnocence.org/events-host.html ) [1091] => Array ( [objectID] => 6626 [title] => Petition for DNA Testing [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/petition-for-dna-testing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a document which can be used for those petitioning to have DNA evidence re-examined. Specific to Arizona but can be used as a guide in other jurisdictions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.azjusticeproject.org/Assets/Docs/dnaPETITION.pdf ) [1092] => Array ( [objectID] => 6627 [title] => Death Penalty Laws in states [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-laws-in-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides state by state information in the United States regarding laws that govern the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/statelaws ) [1093] => Array ( [objectID] => 6628 [title] => Death Qualification [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-qualification/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes who is elgible for Death Qualification, Jury Selection, and what death qualification entails. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/deathqualification ) [1094] => Array ( [objectID] => 6629 [title] => Clemency Procedures in Death Penalty States [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/clemency-procedures-in-death-penalty-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This file is relevant to the US, giving a list of states where governors can grant clemency, where the governor must have recommendations of clemency and where governors recieve a non-binding recommendation of clemency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/clemency ) [1095] => Array ( [objectID] => 6630 [title] => Overview of the Capital Trial Process [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/overview-of-the-capital-trial-process/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document briefly goes through the steps involved in a death penalty case, from the point of arrest to judge sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/trialprocess ) [1096] => Array ( [objectID] => 6631 [title] => Screening questionnaire for DNA Grant Cases [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/screening-questionnaire-for-dna-grant-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Arizona Justice Project will use this questionnaire to decide whether your case qualifies for assistance under the DNA testing grant, provided by the National Institute of Justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.azjusticeproject.org/Assets/Docs/DNA%20GRANT%20Questionnaire.pdf ) [1097] => Array ( [objectID] => 6632 [title] => Investigating Forensic Problems in the United States: How the Federal Government Can Strengthen Oversight Through the Coverdell Grant Program [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-forensic-problems-in-the-united-states-how-the-federal-government-can-strengthen-oversight-through-the-coverdell-grant-program/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report describes the federal forensic oversight program; outlines the problems that have plagued the program since its inception (with specific examples): Explains the consequences of the federal government’s inadequate administration of the program; shows how forensic negligence and misconduct lead to wrongful convictions; and gives specific recommendations for what the federal government, states and individuals can do to strengthen forensic oversight. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/CoverdellReport.pdf ) [1098] => Array ( [objectID] => 6635 [title] => Facts on Post-Conviction DNA Exonerations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-on-post-conviction-dna-exonerations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This fact sheet gives facts on post DNA exonerations and provides information on the main causes of wrongful conviction including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions and snitches. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/Facts_on_PostConviction_DNA_Exonerations.php ) [1099] => Array ( [objectID] => 6617 [title] => Murder Victims Families for Human Rights Brochure [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/murder-victims-families-for-human-rights-brochure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights was launched on international human rights day, 2004, by a group of victims' family members who oppose the death penalty and have extensive speaking and organizing experience in the United States and around the world. Through their statements, testimony, and educational materials, MVFHR members let policymakers and the general public know that it is possible to be both pro-victim and anti-death penalty. The response to one human rights violation should not be another human rights violation. We honor victims by preventing violence, not by perpetuating it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/brochure.pdf ) [1100] => Array ( [objectID] => 6620 [title] => Families of Murder Victims Oppose the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/families-of-murder-victims-oppose-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The San Diego chapter of California People of Faith Working Against the DeathPenalty educates and mobilizes faith communities to act to abolish the death penalty in California. We are a nonpartisan, statewide, interfaith organization. As communities of faith, we join together to take responsibility for the killing of our citizens by the State of California. As people of faith, we know that the God/Wisdom of all faiths calls us to something more: a high and often difficult standard of love, forgiveness and justice that is rooted not in retribution but rather in redemption and restoration. The death penalty denies the sacredness of human life. Spiritually, the death penalty diminishes us all. As we invest in vengeance in this society, we divest ourselves of compassion. As we support retribution, we neglect restorative justice. We cannot be a community of compassion and unity if we choose to destroy one another. And we should not allow the State to do it for us. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/san%20diego%20victim%20brochureFinal.pdf ) [1101] => Array ( [objectID] => 6621 [title] => Death Penalty Can Prolong the Suffering of a Vicitm’s Family [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-can-prolong-the-suffering-of-a-vicitms-family/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many family members who have lost loved ones to murder feel that the death penalty will not heal their wounds nor will it end their pain. This webpage provides resources for those looking to connect with murder victims' families organisations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=56 ) [1102] => Array ( [objectID] => 6622 [title] => Facts Law Enforcement Should Know About the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-law-enforcement-should-know-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A leaflet detailing the facts that law enforcement should be aware of; how the system prolongs suffering of the victim's family, mistakes that have been made, the uneven application of the death penalty - these amongst other topics are explored to inform law enforcement about the facts of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/LEO%20Brochure%20Final%2011.16.09.pdf ) [1103] => Array ( [objectID] => 6606 [title] => Department of Public Information Non-Governmental Organizations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/department-of-public-information-non-governmental-organizations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The NGO Relations Cluster is the link to over 1,500 Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) associated with the Department of Public Information and supports their efforts to interact effectively with the United Nations in their areas of expertise. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/dpingorelations/ ) [1104] => Array ( [objectID] => 6613 [title] => International Network of Academics Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-network-of-academics-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It is of the utmost importance, in the short and medium-term, to develop an intense work of academically nature both of study and disclosure of the problems of the abolition of the death penalty in the international scenario, to complement and help the work of the diplomatic action and non-governmental organizations. To this effect it is proposed to keep REPECAP as an ever – growing scientific world network comprising academic law scholars, human rights centers, institutions of public law and Ngos, with expertise and skill in the problems of death penalty and interests in the field of international criminal justice, as well as young researchers who have been dealing with these topics or wish to get involved with the subject, regardless of nationality or locations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.academicsforabolition.net/pdf/aboutus.pdf ) [1105] => Array ( [objectID] => 6598 [title] => Overview – Association of Southeast Asian Nations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/overview-association-of-southeast-asian-nations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides a quick overview of ASEAN, going through its aims and purposes, fundamental principles, its community and its charter. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/overview ) [1106] => Array ( [objectID] => 6602 [title] => Guidelines for Submitting Communications [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guidelines-for-submitting-communications/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document outlines the functions of the Commission, how to make presentations in front of the Commission, the procedures of examining the communication and the recommendations of the Commission. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.achpr.org/files/pages/communications/guidelines/achpr_infosheet_communications_eng.pdf ) [1107] => Array ( [objectID] => 6603 [title] => Procedure (Communications Procedure of the African Commission for Human and Peoples rights) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/procedure-communications-procedure-of-the-african-commission-for-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes the procedures of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights stating who can apply to the court and what measures they may take. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.achpr.org/files/pages/communications/procedure/achpr_communication_procedure_eng.pdf ) [1108] => Array ( [objectID] => 6588 [title] => Instructions: Form for Filing Petitions alleging Human Rights Violations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/instructions-form-for-filing-petitions-alleging-human-rights-violations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The following form, prepared by the Commission’s Executive Secretariat, is intended to make it easier for victims of violations, their family members, organizations of civil society or other persons to file complaints alleging human rights violations by OAS member States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.cidh.oas.org/cidh_apps/instructions.asp?gc_language=E ) [1109] => Array ( [objectID] => 6530 [title] => Listing of verifiable executions worldwide reported this month. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/listing-of-verifiable-executions-worldwide-reported-this-month/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Listing of verifiable executions worldwide reported per month. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/world.html ) [1110] => Array ( [objectID] => 6307 [title] => Take action on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/take-action-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two-page guide with tips and contacts for individuals interested in getting started in anti-death penalty activism in the US. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.discoverhumanrights.org/uploads/take_action_on_the_death_penalty_2.pdf ) [1111] => Array ( [objectID] => 6299 [title] => The Death Penalty in China and the World [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-china-and-the-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this lesson students aged 11-16 work collectively to use their mathematical skill and appropriate technology to examine and analyse information about the changing use of the death penalty in China and the world. They look for the most effective ways of presenting information using charts, graphs and maps, and comment on the reliability and validity of the data that they have collected. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org.uk/uploads/documents/doc_18397.pdf ) [1112] => Array ( [objectID] => 6300 [title] => A Matter of Life and Death: films, an assembly, lessons and information on the death penalty to inspire students aged 14+ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-matter-of-life-and-death-films-an-assembly-lessons-and-information-on-the-death-penalty-to-inspire-students-aged-14/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Through A Matter of Life and Death lessons, assembly and films, students aged 14+ can explore the issues surrounding the use of the death penalty, one of Amnesty's oldest and most established campaigns. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org.uk/content.asp?CategoryID=11869 ) [1113] => Array ( [objectID] => 5889 [title] => Indian Movie on the Death Penalty: Dhananjoy [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indian-movie-on-the-death-penalty-dhananjoy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The story is based on the conviction Dhananjoy, accused for the gruesome murder of Hetal Parekh, which took place in the year 1990. On the basis of circumstantial evidence and on the basis of the deceased mother's statement, Dhananjoy Chatterjee- a security guard, was executed and hanged to death on the early hours of 15th August 2004, after serving imprisonment for 14 long years and after having appealed to all levels of court in the country; and finally, to the President of India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/dhananjoy/ET00055075 ) [1114] => Array ( [objectID] => 5891 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on a gender-sensitive approach to arbitrary killings [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-on-a-gender-sensitive-approach-to-arbitrary-killings/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the report, the Special Rapporteur considers key elements of a gender-sensitive perspective to the mandate, in the interests of strengthening an inclusive application of critical norms and standards related to the right to life. These elements include consideration of the impact of gender identity and expression, intersecting with other identities, on the risks factors to killings or death, the degree of predictability of harm and States’ implementation of its due diligence obligations. Applying gender lenses to the notion of arbitrariness, the Special Rapporteur highlights that gender-based killings — when committed by non-State actors — may constitute arbitrary killings. It also shows that violations of the right to life stem not only from an intentional act of deprivation of life by the State or a non-State actor, but also from the deprivation of basic conditions that guarantee life, such as access to essential health care [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Executions/Pages/AnnualReports.aspx ) [1115] => Array ( [objectID] => 5844 [title] => Why two mothers back death penalty repeal [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/why-two-mothers-back-death-penalty-repeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article talks about the tension between protecting the innocent on the one hand and dragging the process out for victims' families on the other, and how those two can't be reconciled. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/2037 ) [1116] => Array ( [objectID] => 5714 [title] => For or against abolition of the death penalty: Evidence from Taiwan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/for-or-against-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-evidence-from-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Taiwan-Public-Opinion-FINAL-ENG.pdf ) [1117] => Array ( [objectID] => 5689 [title] => Sentenced to oblivion. Fact-finding mission on death row. Cameroon [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-oblivion-fact-finding-mission-on-death-row-cameroon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report "Sentenced to oblivion. Fact-finding mission on death row. Cameroon", which was officially launched on 21 June at the Delegation of the European Union from Yaoundé to Cameroon, is the result of an unprecedented fact-finding mission, conducted from May to October 2018 in five Cameroonian prisons by the Cameroonian Lawyers' Network against the Death Penalty (Racopem) and the association ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquette-cameroun-2019-GB-150219-BD-page.pdf ) [1118] => Array ( [objectID] => 5516 [title] => German : Einleitung durch die Kontaktgruppe der Europäischen Zivilgesellschaft : Ein Leitfaden für die Zusammenarbeit [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-einleitung-durch-die-kontaktgruppe-der-europaischen-zivilgesellschaft-ein-leitfaden-fur-die-zusammenarbeit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Das Handbuch ist dafür gedacht, Ihnen einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Sektoren von NGOs zu geben, die sich für BürgerInnenrechte und für das allgemeine Interesse einsetzen und kann Ihnen somit gleichsam als Kompass für die europäische Zivilgesellschaft dienen. Im ersten Teil geben wir Ihnen zunächst einen generellen Einblick in die bereits bestehende Praxis des Dialogs zwischen EU Institutionen und NGOs, die sich über die letzten 20 Jahre hinweg herausgebildet hat. Daran anschließend möchte wir Ihnen die Forderungen der NGOs im Bezug auf die Umsetzung des Paragraphen über den Zivilen Dialog nahebringen, wie er in der neuen Verfassung niedergeschrieben ist. Im zweiten Teil finden Sie einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Politkbereiche, in denen sich die sechs Sektoren in den nächsten 5 Jahren ihrer Amtszeit jeweils engagieren werden. Dieser Teil soll es Ihnen ermöglichen, die Bereiche auszumachen, in denen europäische NGOs für Ihre jeweils spezifische Arbeit im Parlament Expertise anbieten können. Die Werte und Ziele der Kontaktgruppe finden Sie in Teil III. Der Anhang ist eine komplette Kontaktliste der verschiedenen NGOs, die im Rahmen der Kontaktgruppe zusammen kommen. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://library.deeep.org/record/1036/files/DEEEP-GUIDE-2015-015.pdf ) [1119] => Array ( [objectID] => 5522 [title] => Japanese : 人権のための殺人被害者遺族の会 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e4%ba%ba%e6%a8%a9%e3%81%ae%e3%81%9f%e3%82%81%e3%81%ae%e6%ae%ba%e4%ba%ba%e8%a2%ab%e5%ae%b3%e8%80%85%e9%81%ba%e6%97%8f%e3%81%ae%e4%bc%9a/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 人権のための殺人被害者遺族の会（ＭＶＦＨＲ）は、2004年の国際人権デーに、死刑に反対し、米国および世界中で幅広く講演活動を行っている被害者遺族のグループによって設立されました。私たちのメンバーが死刑に反対する理由は様々ですが、死刑はあらゆる法的・倫理的基準に違反しているという確信において一致しています。「いかなる場合であっても死刑には反対する」という方であれば、どのような遺族の方であれ~殺人事件、死刑執行、超法規的な殺害行為そして「失踪」の被害者家族~、ＭＶＦＨＲの会員になることができます [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/MVFHR%20brochure%20Japa%20folding%20ver-2.pdf ) [1120] => Array ( [objectID] => 5523 [title] => Italian : Famiglie Delle Vittime Di Omicidio Per I Diritti Umani [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-famiglie-delle-vittime-di-omicidio-per-i-diritti-umani/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In tutto il mondo, coloro che sopravvivono alle vittime di omicidi sono in genere considerati a favore della pena capitale. Si presume che le esecuzioni vadano incontro al bisogno dei superstiti di giustizia, e di porre fine ad una vicenda. Opporsi alla pena di morte, è spesso visto come un andare contro alla vittima. Attraverso le loro dichiarazioni, le testimonianze e il materiale educativo, i membri dell’associazione fanno sapere ai responsabili della vita politica, e al grande pubblico, che è possibile essere sia a favore delle vittime che contro la pena di morte. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/Italianbrochure.pdf ) [1121] => Array ( [objectID] => 5529 [title] => German : Über Verbrechen und Strafen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-uber-verbrechen-und-strafen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Im Sommer des Jahres 1764 erschien in Livorno im Großherzogtum Toskana, das damals zum Habsburger Reich gehörte, ohne Namen des Verfassers ein schmales Buch von eben hundert Seiten über Verbrechen und Strafen: 'Dei Delitti e delle Pene'. Das Titelblatt gab einen Satz Bacons wieder, der besagen sollte, daß der Zweck, dem dieses Buch diente, nicht sofort und mit einem Male zu erreichen sei, doch an die Beständigkeit und Festigkeit seiner Propagierung der Erfolg sich knüpfen werde. Cesare Beccaria (geboren am 15. März 1738 in Mailand, gestorben am 28. November 1794 ebendort) bestritt in dieser Abhandlung den Sinn der Todesstrafe und verfocht soziale Bedingungen, die Verbrechen einschränken müßten. Es war dies der erste wahrhaft unabhängige und von Rücksichten freie literarische Ausdruck der Aufklärung im Reich der Kaiserin Maria Theresia. Die vorliegende Neuübersetzung folgt der letzten Ausgabe Beccarias von 1766 und bringt im Anhang Texte aus der zeitgenössischen Diskussion.'Mißhandlung und Folter, all das Furchtbare wurde entweder tatsächlich beseitigt oder in den Strafprozessen aller Staaten wenigstens abgemildert; und dies ist das Werk nur eines Buches.' [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.de/%C3%9Cber-Verbrechen-Strafen-Cesare-Beccaria/dp/3458338667/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1295269206&sr=8-2 ) [1122] => Array ( [objectID] => 5530 [title] => Italian : Dei delitti e delle pene-Consulte criminali [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-dei-delitti-e-delle-pene-consulte-criminali/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 'Dei delitti e delle pene' è il testo da cui nasce la moderna criminalistica. Non è un trattato di giurisprudenza; è piuttosto un pamphlet, un libretto coraggioso, liberissimo", nel quale "in massa le idee tutte si aggirano, e cospirano in vari punti di vista, che formano una grand'opera", come ebbe a scrivere Alessandro Verri. Filosofo, economista e illustre letterato di metà Settecento, Beccaria spera che dall'aspra battaglia contro le istituzioni esistenti possa nascere un nuovo ordine, la cui affermazione è legata alla forza di espressione delle esigenze di progresso. "Le Consulte criminali" affrontano invece con impeto i temi della pena di morte, della prevenzione del crimine e delle condizioni di vita e di assistenza nelle carceri. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.it/delitti-delle-pene-Consulte-criminali-grandi/dp/8811363403 ) [1123] => Array ( [objectID] => 5506 [title] => Portuguese : Instruções: FORMULÁRIO PARA APRESENTAR PETIÇÃO SOBREVIOLAÇÕES DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-instrucoes-formulario-para-apresentar-peticao-sobreviolacoes-dos-direitos-humanos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => O formulário que se segue foi preparado pela Secretaria Executiva da CIDH e se destina a facilitar a apresentação de petições referentes a violações dos direitos humanos praticadas por Estados membros da OEA, denunciadas pelas vítimas de tais violações, por seus familiares, organizações da sociedade civil ou outras pessoas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cidh.oas.org/cidh_apps/instructions.asp?gc_language=P ) [1124] => Array ( [objectID] => 5415 [title] => : [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/5415-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Marshall Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => ) [1125] => Array ( [objectID] => 4996 [title] => Second Optional Protocol: An irreversible mechanism for abolishing the death penalty” – Denys Robiliard [timestamp] => 1599436800 [date] => 07/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/second-optional-protocol-an-irreversible-mechanism-for-abolishing-the-death-penalty-denys-robiliard/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Denys Robiliard, a lawyer and former president of Amnesty International's French section, details why the Second Optional protocol to the UN's ICCPR is an crucial instrument to push the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. [texte] => What is the importance and particularity of the Second Optional Protocol in terms of international law ?To start with, it is the only international instrument with universal authority that abolishes the death penalty. There is a possible reservation but it is limited to both military crimes and crimes committed during war (1). This reservation is more significant than the one in Protocol 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (2). The other main feature of Protocol 2 is that, following the example of the ICCPR, the Protocol cannot be denounced; once it has been ratified by a state party, the position cannot be reversed. It is an irreversible mechanism for abolishing the death penalty.The 3rd World Congress was an opportunity to observe the current situation as regards ratification of Protocol 2 in a number of countries. What lessons can we learn from Cambodia’s situation (3) for instance ?Firstly, the ratification issue is specific to each country. The work done by the Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights in preparation for the Congress was very interesting in terms of the methods it used. It carried out a comprehensive analysis of all the possible obstacles to ratification at both government and parliamentary levels. One of its conclusions was that the relationship between Cambodia and the international community is presently dominated by a quasi-power struggle over the trial of former Khmer Rouge members, making any measure which promotes international law to a greater or lesser degree difficult.However, identifying the obstacles is a first step towards finding ways to overcome them. We now have to identify the people and arguments that will convince Cambodia that the trial of Khmer Rouge members is not connected to the issue of the death penalty. Cambodia is an abolitionist country and there is no reason why a dispute regarding international criminal law should delay ratification of Protocol 2.Liberia has abolished the death penalty through ratification of Protocol 2. Following their example, would it not be desirable to focus diplomatic efforts on signing Protocol 2 rather than promoting a moratorium ?Firstly, there are countries where it is difficult to see why a moratorium would be called for since they are already de facto abolitionists. In many African countries for instance, the death penalty is provided for in the criminal codes, which are inspired from the old colonial codes, but not applied. Protocol 2 perfectly suits their situation: if they do not plan to re-establish the death penalty in practice, why not ask them to make an international commitment not to do so? For abolition activists like us, it is obviously a precious tool. De facto abolition is a dangerous situation for those condemned to death by the countries concerned who remain on death row and whose situation can change radically overnight.Why is ratification of Protocol 2 important in countries which have already abolished the death penalty ?It is a similar situation. Why do we campaign for ratification of Protocol 2? Because it is essential to have a safety net at international level. It is very easy to re-establish the death penalty: one law can undo another. We know that in a crisis situation the death penalty can be re-introduced. Members of parliament in abolitionist countries must be convinced that, even if capital punishment has already been outlawed in domestic law, they must make an international, irreversible commitment to abolition.France recently revised its Constitution to allow for ratification of Protocol 2. What do you think of this decision ?The French attitude is even more important. Over and above making it possible to ratify Protocol 2, enshrining the right to life and the prohibition of capital punishment in constitutional law is per se extremely important and exemplary. France should now continue to serve as an example by ratifying Protocol 2.1. Editor’s note :This reservation is admissible only if the relevant provisions already exist in the national legislation of the state party and if the reservation is taken at the time of ratification or accession.2. Editor’s note :Protocol n°6 to the ECPHRFF forbids the death penalty “in peacetime” . Protocol n° 13 of 2002 on the other hand abolishes the death penalty “in all circumstances.3. Cambodia abolished the death penalty in 1989 but has not yet signed Protocol 2. It is one of the countries targeted in the WCADP’s campaign for ratification of Protocol 2. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1126] => Array ( [objectID] => 4254 [title] => Recent US Federal Executions Raise Ethical and Political Issues [timestamp] => 1599004800 [date] => 02/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recent-us-federal-executions-raise-ethical-and-political-issues/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b787e3ab952c58eca55b4d739d3904dd_2-1.jpg [extrait] => Two more federal executions were carried out at the end of August in the United States of America. The abolitionist movement in the United States denounces human rights violations, challenges the cost of the death penalty in this time of crisis and even opposes its disrespect for tribal sovereignity. [texte] => At the end of August, two additional federal executions were rapidly carried out in the US Penitentiary of Terre Haute, in the United States, bringing the total number of people executed by the federal government to five since federal executions resumed in mid-July 2020. No federal execution has been carried out since Louis Jones was put to death in 2003. This means that the American administration ordered more executions in the past month than in the 1988-2003 period that followed the restoration of the federal death penalty in 1988, after a short moratorium ruled by the Supreme Court.As a member of the Navajo Nation, Lezmond Mitchell, executed on 26 August 2020, was the sole Amerindian person on death row in the United Sates. Navajo’s President Jonathan Vez and Vice President Myron Lizer reaffirmed the opposition of the Navajo Nation to capital punishment, which is considered contrary to Navajo culture and tradition. Denouncing an “affront” to its tribal sovereignty, the Navajo Nation called on the United States government to commute Lezmond Mitchell’s sentence. The National Congress of American Indians and many tribal governments had also joined in this unsuccessful call.Keith Nelson, executed on 28 August 2020, was temporally granted a stay from a judge who challenged the lethal injection procedure. According to his lawyers, his conviction should have considered important mitigating circumstances related to Nelson’s mental health. He was also denied his right to effective legal counsel, his lawyers added.Opposition to the death penalty in the United Sates, however, progressively takes root through many mobilizations. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the American Civil Liberties Foundation have filed a lawsuit against the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), asking it to disclose the cost of federal executions while the COVID-19 outbreak remains a serious matter of concern in the country. They both question the use of taxpayer dollars in this time of economic and health crisis to resume executions that could further spread the virus.Questioning the legal and constitutional basis of the recent executions, Death Penalty Action also shared an online petition, signed by the World Coalition, that calls on the United States Congress to further investigate potential violations that arise, as well as to vote on the abolition of federal capital punishment. Wesley Purkey’s autopsy, executed on 16 July 2020, recently revealed pulmonary edema causing “excruciating pain”, broadening the debate over whether the death penalty is a cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, which is prohibited by the Eight Amendment of the Constitution.For the upcoming 2020 World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition draws attention to the right to defence and to the dignity of convicted people at every step of criminal proceedings in capital cases. While advocating for the unconditional abolition of capital punishment, the World Coalitions encourages every claim and means to challenge or restrict the application of the death penalty as a first – and often essential – step to its end. For one less death sentence is one human life saved, pending final and universal abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Intellectual Disability [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1127] => Array ( [objectID] => 4255 [title] => Expanded Ban on Death Penalty for Intellectually Disabled People in California [timestamp] => 1598918400 [date] => 01/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/expanded-ban-on-death-penalty-for-intellectually-disabled-people-in-california-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1c462ead699305fa1977cc8fb2f06a25_2-1-500x334.jpg [extrait] => The California State Legislature extended the ban on capital punishment for intellectually disabled people [texte] => The California State Legislature extended the ban on capital punishment for intellectually disabled people. Until now, California law makes illegal to sentence to death anyone whose intellectual disability has been determined before they turn 18 years of age. This new legislation removes this threshold and will prohibit intellectually disabled people from being sentenced to death if mental health experts prove that their impairment began during their brain development period.This law now has to be presented to Gov. Gavin Newsom. As an opponent to capital punishment, he decreed a moratorium on executions in 2019.According to Amnesty International’s last report on death sentences and executions in 2019, “people with mental or intellectual disabilities” are facing the death penalty in the USA, as well as in Japan, Maldives and Pakistan, in violation of international human rights standards. According to Amnesty International, California has the biggest population on death row in the USA.(Source: Los Angeles Times) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1128] => Array ( [objectID] => 4256 [title] => Saudi Arabia Reviews Death Sentences Issues Against Children [timestamp] => 1598918400 [date] => 01/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabia-reviews-death-sentences-issued-against-children/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0bc5c6bfbb447a59a54f17fb9c3dd5bd_2-1-500x334.jpg [extrait] => According to the Saudi Human Rights Commission, the death sentence issued against Ali al-Nimr, Dawoud al-Marhoun and Abdullah al-Zaher will be reviewed in accordance with reforms decreed in the Kingdom in April on juvenile criminal justice. [texte] => Saudi Human Rights Commission announced, on 26 August 2020, that Public Prosecution would review the death sentences issued against Ali al-Nimr, Dawoud al-Marhoun and Abdullah al-Zaher. Convicted for terrorism but minors at the time of the offense, the latter would benefit from recent criminal justice reforms introduced by a royal decree in April 2020 aiming at the abolition of the death penalty against juveniles.Saudi law now provides that minors can be sentenced to no more than 10 years in prison and serve their sentence in a juvenile facility. Reforms enacted by this decree entered into force retroactively. When the decree was published, questions had however been raised on loopholes in Saudi Kingdom's promise to halt death sentences against children.(Source : Saudi Human Rights Commission) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1129] => Array ( [objectID] => 9075 [title] => Report No. 211/20. Case 13.570. Report on admissibility and mertis. Lezmond C. Mitchell. United States of America [timestamp] => 1598227200 [date] => 24/08/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-no-211-20-case-13-570-report-on-admissibility-and-mertis-lezmond-c-mitchell-united-states-of-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => On April 3, 2017, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights received a petition and request for precautionary measures submitted by Hilary Potashner, Federal Public Defender, and Gia Kim and Jonathan C. Aminoff, Deputy Federal Public Defenders, alleging the international responsibility of the United States of America for the violation of the rights of Lezmond M. Mitchell, a citizen of the United States and a member of the Navajo Nation, who is on federal death row. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/2020/USAD13570EN.pdf ) [1130] => Array ( [objectID] => 4257 [title] => Reorienting Drug Policy in Indonesia towards the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals [timestamp] => 1596672000 [date] => 06/08/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/reorienting-drug-policy-in-indonesia-towards-the-achievement-of-the-sustainable-development-goals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f8ac4d07779ad2c26daf09d9150cde55_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Indonesian not-for-profit organization LBH Masyarakat, Reprieve, and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs recently published a report that reframes the drug problem and corresponding policy action in light of the country’s commitment to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report argues that the drug policies currently in place in Indonesia must be re-evaluated in such a way that tackles poverty and inequality and prioritizes support for those who are “left behind”, and put an end to its current punitive strategies. [texte] => In their latest published report, LHB Masyarakat, Reprieve, and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs shed light on the lack of coherence between Indonesia’s national campaign to eradicate illicit drugs and its firm commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).In September 2015, member states of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with Indonesia as one of the key actors that helped formulate its framework and pursue its adoption at the global level. Apart from this, the country also aligned an ambitious 5-year development program with the SDGs and sought out numerous efforts to improve the quality of life and upgrade its public health and social welfare infrastructure. True to the SDGs, Indonesia focused on those who are “left behind” by putting an emphasis on the development of the welfare of poorer citizens and those living in remote regions.However, despite its commitment to the SDGs, Indonesia uses a strategy against illicit drugs that has impeded development, fueled poverty, aggravated inequalities, and caused more harm to citizens than over the drugs it has tried to control. A law passed in 1976 adopted strict penalties for drug offences, including the death penalty, and a basic rehabilitation framework, which faces significant challenges in implementation at present. The current Long-Term National Development Plan (RPJPN) 2020-2024 frames illicit drugs as a threat to national security but has largely ignored the socioeconomic implications of having punitive drug control measures in place, and has also failed to couple such measures with investments in evidence-based health and social services.As a result, despite the considerable cost of the drug control strategy in Indonesia, levels of drug availability and use have been at an all-time high. Drug control efforts have led to numerous problems in the country’s penal system, including overcrowding in prisons, the poor provision of health services and rehabilitation programs, and the disproportionate handing of the death penalty for offenders. The number of individuals sentenced with the death penalty in relation to drug-related offenses has increased in the years after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, running contrary to the SDGs’ aims to uphold the right to life, decrease violence, and protect fundamental freedoms, and uphold a peaceful and just society.Furthermore, individuals who are punished for drug use are unable to pay for legal services and are more likely to be deprived of access to justice. In 2015, out of 42 death penalty cases, 11 defendants were deprived of legal counsel in the police investigation and court proceedings. The ones who are “left behind” – those who are poor, vulnerable, mentally impaired, or subject to discrimination due to their skin – are disproportionately given the death sentence, many of which are arbitrarily handed down and are based on unreliable data and assumptions that are not borne out of evidence.The SDGs cannot be achieved when national policies enable injustice, fuel violence, drive poverty and inequality, and stigmatize disadvantaged groups. Drug policies must not undermine the SDGs but instead contribute to their achievement. With only ten years left to fulfill the 2030 Agenda, Indonesia should take the opportunity to reaffirm its commitment to the SDGs by abolishing the death penalty and adopting a fair, well-rounded, and human rights-based approach to its pervasive drug problem. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1131] => Array ( [objectID] => 4258 [title] => Sudan Repeals Capital Punishment for Homosexuality [timestamp] => 1596153600 [date] => 31/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sudan-repeals-capital-punishment-for-homosexuality/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a5811b1ab62c1621f885b714650e2a57_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Sudan repealed the death penalty for homosexuality and apostasy [texte] => On 9 July 2020, the Sudan's Sovereign Council approved legislative amendments substantially reforming the Sudanese justice system. The death penalty was repealed for certain crimes, including apostasy – consisting in renunciation of a religion – and gay sex. However, the latter remains a criminal offense punishable with prison sentences.Capital punishment was also abolished for children and persons over 70 years of age.(source: Bedayaa) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sudan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1132] => Array ( [objectID] => 4259 [title] => The ACHPR Moves Online, along with Advocacy to End Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1596067200 [date] => 30/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-achpr-moves-online-along-with-advocacy-to-end-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/df90a4637750e1ee525d17575deacf52_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => Adapting to the restrictions that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on physical gatherings, the NGO Forum and following 66th ACHPR Session (African Commission on Human and People’s Rights) were held via Zoom videoconference on 9-10 July and 13 July – 07 August, 2020, respectively. [texte] => As much of the world continues to battle the coronavirus pandemic, the ACHPR (the African Union’s human rights branch) decided to hold their 66th Ordinary Session via online platform Zoom from Monday 13 July to Friday 7 August 2020. This marks the first time the ACHPR has met for a session through a virtual space. Despite the novelty of the situation, there was still space for civil society organizations to interact. Prior to the opening ceremony of the session, the World Coalition, and six member organizations with the ACHPR observer status, submitted an oral declaration regarding the death penalty on the African continent and the COVID-19 pandemic. While there were no panels planned during the sessions, as there usually are, each thematic working group within the ACHPR presented an activity report of work done since the previous session. The Working Group on the Death Penalty, Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Africa was amongst those whose report was presented. Likewise, the African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies also held their NGO Forum for civil society prior to the ordinary session on the 9th and 10th July 2020. Set up to allow for civil society organizations to make the most of the upcoming session, the Forum allowed for the meeting of special interest groups, of which a group dedicated to the discussion of the death penalty on the African continent.Given the nature of this ordinary session, there was no training opportunity provided to World Coalition members on how to advocate with the ACHPR mechanism. Nevertheless, a training manual was developed by the World Coalition for NGOs, How to Work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights for the Abolition of the Death Penalty and launched in March 2020. Available digitally, this guide provides the foundation of advocacy work with this human rights mechanism.Photo Credit: WCADP- ACHPR 65th Ordinary Session, in April 2019, Egypt. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1133] => Array ( [objectID] => 4260 [title] => US Federal Executions Resume [timestamp] => 1595894400 [date] => 28/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-federal-executions-resume/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/698a9d208b6f5cd6b7da50e0e68e00b0_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => It has been 17 years since the United States decided on a de facto moratorium on federal executions, which can be carried out only for certain federal criminal offences. This moratorium, however, ended in July. [texte] => It has been 17 years since the United States decided on a de facto moratorium on federal executions, which can be carried out only for certain federal criminal offences. This moratorium, however, ended in July. Attorney General William Barr ordered the resumption of federal executions beginning July 25th, 2019 – the first ones to be carried out since 2003. Just one year later, on July 14th, 2020, the Trump Administration put Daniel Lewis Lee to death by lethal injection after many judicial twists and turns. In the end, three federal executions were carried out in the same week.In the early hours of July 14th, the United States Supreme Court finally ruled 5-1 to overturn a federal court’s decision that ordered to stay Lee’s execution – this court had argued that the product used to kill him may cause great suffering. In an interview with The Associated Press, William Barr explained that his Department has a duty to lead all sentences to completion on behalf of the victims. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and the abolitionist community strongly oppose such an argument, given that capital punishment offers neither closure nor a sense of justice. Among the parties who called for a federal court stay of Lee’s execution also included family members of Lee’s victims, who rather asked judges to sentence him to life imprisonment. The death penalty is a cruel punishment that only creates suffering as Daniel Lewis Lee’s attorney revealed in her testimony: “Over the four hours it took for this reckless and relentless government to pursue these ends, Daniel Lewis Lee remained strapped to a gurney: a mere 31 minutes after a court of appeals lifted the last impediment to his execution at the federal government's urging, while multiple motions remained pending, and without notice to counsel, he was executed.”Two days later, Wesley Purkey was also executed after a court of appeals refused to hear his claim, mentioning that his lawyers engaged in “procedural gamesmanship” by filing for appeal in several courts. The next day, the administration gruesomely carried out a third federal execution by killing Dustin Lee Honken. A fourth execution is scheduled to take place by the end of August.The end of the federal moratorium is a terrible ordeal for the abolitionist trend in the United States, which is the only State in the Americas that continues to conduct executions. Federal executions are contrary to the promising progress the United States made in 2019 after New Hampshire abolished the death penalty and after the Governor of California established a moratorium within the US State with the biggest death row population. This positive trend towards abolition then continued in 2020, after Colorado abolished the death penalty in March, making it the 22nd State to repeal capital punishment.The way federal executions resumed does echo to the 2020 World Day Against the Death Penalty, which the World Coalition has dedicated to the right to effective legal representation. Enjoying legal representation at all stages of criminal proceedings – until the very last claim before the Supreme Court, for instance – is a fundamental right. Wesley Prukey, 68, executed on July 16th, had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and, according to his lawyers, did not understand why he had been sentenced to death. The technical nature of the numerous judicial claims that put Lee’s final moments on hold only makes this right more vital. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1134] => Array ( [objectID] => 4261 [title] => Call for tenders for printing, design and layout services [timestamp] => 1594080000 [date] => 07/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-tenders-for-printing-design-and-layout-services/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition requires contracts for printing, design and layout services, visibility items and reprography for any publications that may be required, in addition to materials that may be required with these features. [texte] => The World Coalition requires contracts for printing, design and layout services, visibility items and reprography for any publications that may be required, in addition to materials that may be required with these features. In addition, the World Coalition reserves the right to solicit any products and/or quantities different from those listed, in response to need, and in some cases a specific design will be required. All communication products generated must respect the image of the World Coalition.According to the internal procedure of the World Coalition, the recruiting body will be, depending on the size of the contract and in accordance with Article 3 Internal Financial Control, the Steering Committee.I. Description of the services requieredThe World Coalition is looking for a company with experience at the international and national level, developing communication materials for international and civil society organizations. The selected company must be able to:• Provide innovative designs that can transmit clear messages • Support the World Coalition's visual identity• Producing high quality work at a good value for money • Meeting the World Coalition's communication and visibility needs• Efficiently produce the required products and deliver them in a timely manner to the World Coalition Secretariat in Montreuil, France.This document provides an overview of the different types of products that the World Coalition wishes to produce. Product specifications (type, size, color, etc.) will vary according to changing needs and the demand expressed in the implementation of the World Coalition's activities by its partners.The services required are described in FOUR LOTS which are attached as annexes to this document. Tenderers are free to position themselves on one or more lots:• LOT 1: Printing services (Brochures, posters, catalogues, etc.)• LOT 2: Layout of publications• LOT 3: Graphic Design• LOT 4: Merchandising and Promotional ItemsII. Duration of the contractThe service will be provided for a period of one year from the date of signature of the contract, renewable three times. This extension will be automatic, if no notice is given at least fifteen days before the end.The World Coalition reserves the right to terminate the contract at any time if it is not satisfied with the service provided.III. Delivery and billingDelivery of products will be primarily to the World Coalition's headquarters in Montreuil, but delivery may also be required to other locations. The company to which the contract is awarded undertakes to respect the delivery date agreed for each order, assuming responsibility in the event of any delay.Invoicing will be made to the name of: World Coalition Against the Death Penalty SIRET: 51987869800025 for work/service performed, per month due. The amount will vary depending on the services or supplies requested throughout the contract, the World Coalition's prior approval and the submission of an invoice by the selected tenderer, specifying the actions carried out throughout the month and the type of service provided (printing, design or distribution of items).Payment will be made by bank transfer within a period not exceeding thirty days from the presentation of the invoice.IV. SubcontractingIn the event that activities covered by this contract should be subcontracted by the awarded tenderer, the awarded tenderer shall be liable to the World Coalition for the actions of the subcontracted individual or legal entity in all areas, including quality of service, delivery time, completion, obligations related to data and information processing, and compliance by the subcontracted company with its social and tax obligations.V. Evaluation criteriaThe evaluation of the proposals submitted will be based on the economic and technical offer according to the following criteria:• Economic proposal: 40 points • Technical proposal: 60 pointsFor the weighting, the highest score will be given, for each of the criteria, to the best offer in this area. The other tenderers will be given a proportional score in accordance with that offer. VI. Ownership of the workWork done under any of the headings will be the property of the World Coalition.The selected contractor may not use for itself or provide to third parties any of the work contracted for, or publish, in whole or in part, the contents of the work without the written permission of the Coalition. In all cases, the selected tenderer will be liable for any damages that may result from failure to comply with this obligation.VII. Submission of proposalsInterested applicants meeting the requirements set out in these terms of reference may send their offer by email to Carlos Valera (cvalera@worldcoalition.org) before 17 July 2020.Interested suppliers can obtain further information at the above contact address. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1135] => Array ( [objectID] => 18301 [title] => The Culture of Capital Punishment in Japan [timestamp] => 1593820800 [date] => 04/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-culture-of-capital-punishment-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Japan retains the death penalty for three main reasons: because it missed a major opportunity for abolition in the postwar Occupation, because of the long hegemony of the (conservative) Liberal Democratic Party, and because (like the United States and China) it has sufficient size, economic influence, and political clout to enable it to defy human rights norms. Capital punishment also persists in Japan because it performs welcome functions for politicians, prosecutors, media, and the public.Despite widespread belief to the contrary, capital punishment in Japan does not deter homicide better than long terms of imprisonment do. [texte] => The Culture of CapitalPunishment in JapanDavid T. JohnsonUniversity of Hawaii at MānoaHonolulu, HI, USAPalgrave Advances in Criminology and Criminal Justice in AsiaISBN 978-3-030-32085-0 ISBN 978-3-030-32086-7 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32086-7This title was first published in Japanese by Iwanami Shinsho, 2019 as “アメリカ人のみた日本の死刑”. [Amerikajin no Mita Nihon no Shikei]© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open accesspublication.Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distributionand reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to theoriginal author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license andindicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under thislicense to share adapted material derived from this book or parts of it.The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s CreativeCommons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If materialis not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is notpermitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtainpermission directly from the copyright holder.This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the author(s),whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation,reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or inany other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronicadaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known orhereafter developed. Regarding these commercial rights a non-exclusive license has beengranted to the publisher.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names areexempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice andinformation in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied,with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may havebeen made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in publishedmaps and institutional affiliations.Cover credit: Alamy ACTG0FThis Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by the registered company Springer NatureSwitzerland AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, SwitzerlandvPrefaceIn July 2018, 13 former members of Aum Shinrikyo were executed inJapan, including Asahara Shoko, the guru of the new religion whosecrimes killed at least 29 people and injured 6500 more. Aum’s offenseswere as heinous as any the country has seen. There was the premeditatedslaughter of attorney Sakamoto Tsutsumi, his wife Satoko, andtheir infant son Tatsuhiko in Yokohama in 1989. There was the saringas attack in Matsumoto in 1994, which targeted judges overseeing alawsuit involving Aum, and which killed eight people and injured morethan 500. And there was Japan’s crime of the century: a terrorist attackin which five coordinated releases of sarin gas in the Tokyo subway onMarch 20, 1995 killed 12 and injured more than 5500—and which (butfor a bit of luck) could have killed many thousands.No one was surprised when those Aum killers were condemned todeath. In February 2004, I interviewed 30 of the people gathered on thesidewalks around the Tokyo District Court where Asahara was about tobe sentenced to death. Everyone received the same question: “If Asaharais convicted, what sentence do you think is appropriate?” The ensuingconversations lasted six hours, with all but one respondent concludingthat this serial killer deserved to die. The exception was an office ladywho said she preferred a life sentence because “death would be too easyfor him.”Fourteen years after Asahara was condemned to death, few Japaneseobjected when he and 12 of his henchman were hanged. Soon afterthose executions, Murakami Haruki (a well-known Japanese novelist)published an essay in a national newspaper which built on his movingaccounts of the subway gas attacks that had been published two decadesearlier.1 In this essay, Murakami noted that “as a general argument, Iadopt a stance of opposition toward the death penalty” but then said “Icannot publicly state, as far as this case is concerned, ‘I am opposed tothe death penalty’,” because he had acquired “a painful awareness of thefeelings of some bereaved families.”2By arguing that he opposes capital punishment but not in this case,Murakami is articulating a sensibility—the death penalty is “unavoidable”(yamu o enai)—that is ubiquitous in Japan’s culture of capital punishment.Prosecutors use this expression to explain their charge decisions,to justify their demands for a death sentence, and to persuade Ministersof Justice to sign death warrants. Victims and survivors use it to lobby forthe ultimate punishment. Reporters and editors use it to forecast capitaloutcomes and to interpret death sentences. Judges and lay judges useit—often—to explain and justify the death sentences they impose. AndJapan’s government uses it to ask citizens whether they support capitalpunishment (a typical survey question asks “Do you agree that the deathpenalty is unavoidable in some cases?”). The “unavoidable” expressionsimultaneously suggests that the death penalty “cannot be helped” andthat the speaker is ambivalent about this purportedly “inescapable” outcome.The reservations wrapped in the expression suggest that Japanesecapital punishment continues to operate because agents of the state(prosecutors, judges, politicians) and citizen-onlookers represent themselves,to themselves and others, as cogs in a machine over which theyhave little control.Sociologically speaking, the view that capital punishment is“unavoidable” is a fiction—but it is a fiction that performs importantfunctions. Claims that capital punishment “cannot be helped” providecomfort and deniability, both to those who participate in state killing,and to those who support and acquiesce to it. In this way, the linguisticformula reflects “bad faith” of the kind lamented by philosophers and1Murakami’s books Andaguraundo (Kodansha, 1997) and Yakusoku Sareta Bashode (Bungei Shunjusha, 1998) were published in English as Underground: The Tokyo GasAttack and the Japanese Psyche (Vintage, 2000).2Murakami Haruki, “AUM Shinrikyo Cases Still Not Closed”, The Mainichi, July 29,2018, at https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180729/p2a/00m/0na/004000c.vi PREFACEsociologists, for it “pretends something is necessary that in fact is voluntary.”3 The frequent use of this fiction also illustrates how Japan’s deathpenalty is kept “smothered under padded words,” which modern societiesfrequently do in order to discourage debate about the subject.4Systems of capital punishment ask normal people to perform extraordinary,prohibited acts—acts of bureaucratic, premeditated killing.5 Tofacilitate such acts, and to foster support for this form of state killing,Japan’s culture of capital punishment provides a handy linguistic mechanismof moral disengagement. By framing capital punishment as “inevitableand unavoidable” (yamu o enai), this fiction disavows personalresponsibility while lubricating the machinery of death and legitimatingexecutions. In this era of abolition, when it has become increasingly difficultto defend capital punishment, these are noteworthy functions.Many Japanese observers believe the Aum executions are exemplary,because the death penalty was “properly” imposed and “properly” carriedout for murderous acts of breathtaking wickedness, and becausethe agony and anger of victims and survivors demanded that the ultimatepenalty be paid. In these respects, the Aum executions give us aglimpse of the death penalty at its most legitimate. But on closer inspection,these executions—the best-case scenario for Japanese capital punishment—are deeply problematic. To wit:• The Aum executions foreclosed many avenues for learning the truthabout how promising young scientists became hardened killers.• The executions leave lasting questions about why Hayashi Ikuo—the Aum executive who hoped to kill hundreds by releasing saringas on the Chiyoda subway line—escaped the ultimate punishment(he received a sentence of life imprisonment). Did his killings notqualify as the “worst of the worst”?• The Aum executions failed to create “closure” for victims and survivors.For those whose bodies and souls have been brutalized,3Peter L. Berger, Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective (Anchor Books,1963), p. 143.4Albert Camus, “Reflections on the Guillotine”, in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death(Vintage, 1960), p. 178.5Craig Haney, Death by Design: Capital Punishment as a Social Psychological System(Oxford University Press, 2005), p. x.PREFACE viia renewed sense of meaning and connection will only come (if itcomes at all) from outside the law—from attachments with otherpeople.• The executions, which took place 23 years after the last Aumoffenses, hardly send a credible message of deterrence to potentialoffenders who (research shows) are far more sensitive to the certaintyand speed of punishment than to its severity.• The executions leave lingering doubt about important legal issues,including the mental health of Asahara, who drooled and defecatedon himself for years preceding his hanging, and whose appeal wasnever heard by Japan’s Supreme Court.6• The executions and the narrow [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-32086-7 ) [1136] => Array ( [objectID] => 4262 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1593561600 [date] => 01/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-the-philippines/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/93eec14a2974404b688b9e2506ef54a7_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its 14 international member organizations active in the Philippines, the Maldives and Turkey are part of a joint project which aims to combat the resurgence of the death penalty, particularly in the aforementioned three countries at risk. [texte] => Every year, the World Coalition organizes the World Day Against the Death Penalty every October 10. It sends packages to all its members and partners containing all the tools and materials prepared for World Day. At the same time, it suggests actions to be organized and a mobilization kit with indications on how to organize events. For the second year, for the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition and its partners would like to grant targeted financial support to local civil society organizations in the Philippines to encourage joint actions to celebrate the World Day and thus increase their impact. To do so, we are launching a call for actions for World Day and will help finance activities with a small grant of EUR 2,000. Please note that the World Coalition small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and the European Union. How to apply? Please submit by email to car2020@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed of:- this application form in Word format- your organization’s By-laws (if you are a legal entity)- your organization’s most recent activity report Submission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 9 August 2020, midnight CEST (Paris-time). Indicative Timetable: - 9 August 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 10-14 August 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 17-21 August: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries - 21 August-6 September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first instalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the final reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible) - 10 September 2020-February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information or questions on the application please contact car2020@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1137] => Array ( [objectID] => 4263 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States [timestamp] => 1593561600 [date] => 01/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-barbados-and-the-eastern-caribbean-states/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7a00903f6a2dc4aaa0607e23f97dc22b_2-1.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are part of a joint project, led by The Death Penalty Project and funded by the European Union, which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition [texte] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (the World Coalition) are part of a joint project, led by The Death Penalty Project and funded by the European Union, which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition. In the framework of this project, GCL and the World Coalition want to support a civil society movement for the abolition of the death penalty in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines.To do so, they are launching a call for actions on the issue of the death penalty and will help finance activities lasting between 3 – 6 months with small grants from EUR 1,000 to EUR 3,000 (EC Dollar: 3,175 – 9,525 or BBD: 2,350 – 7,050). Please note that the small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the European Union.How to apply? Please submit by email to ecs@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed by:- this application form in Word format- your by-laws (if you are a legal entity)- your last two activity reports Submission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 19 August 2020, midnight Barbados time (UTC-4 / Atlantic Standard Time). Indicative Timetable: - 19 August 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 24-28 August 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 31 August: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries - September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first instalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the final reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible) - 10 September 2020–February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information: please contact ecs@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1138] => Array ( [objectID] => 2944 [title] => homepage [timestamp] => 1593475200 [date] => 30/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1139] => Array ( [objectID] => 2905 [title] => Library [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resources/library/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The online library contains over 2,000 resources on the death penalty identified by the World Coalition since the beginning of the 21st century, in over 15 languages. Except for documents published by the World Coalition, the library links to external resources, which do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Coalition. To report a […] [texte] => The online library contains over 2,000 resources on the death penalty identified by the World Coalition since the beginning of the 21st century, in over 15 languages.Except for documents published by the World Coalition, the library links to external resources, which do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Coalition. To report a missing document or a broken link, please contact us.Find out more about the Resource center [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1140] => Array ( [objectID] => 2904 [title] => The Death Penalty Worldwide [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resources/the-death-penalty-worldwide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Navigate the list of countries below to get country-by-country information on the laws and practices associated with the use of the death penalty. This information is taken from the Death Penalty Worldwide database, which also offers an advanced search function (capital crimes, prison conditions, appeal procedures, legal representation…) in English and in French. Database execution figures are sourced […] [texte] => Navigate the list of countries below to get country-by-country information on the laws and practices associated with the use of the death penalty.This information is taken from the Death Penalty Worldwide database, which also offers an advanced search function (capital crimes, prison conditions, appeal procedures, legal representation…) in English and in French. Database execution figures are sourced from official government sources, select NGO estimates, and where none of the above are available, media reports. It is difficult to give comprehensive or reliable figures for many countries given lack of information and government secrecy.This database covers the States and territories which still have the death penalty. Global statistics on abolitionist countries are available from Amnesty International.The database is hosted at the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide at Cornell University Law School. It was created by Professor Sandra Babcock in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and with financial support from the European Union and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1141] => Array ( [objectID] => 2903 [title] => Life of the Network [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/life-of-the-network/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionists around the world are mobilizing to end the death penalty. World Day, World Congress, important events for the life of the World Coalition such as the steering committees, but also meetings, events and actions carried out by our members around the world: do not miss any event related to the fight against the death […] [texte] => Abolitionists around the world are mobilizing to end the death penalty.World Day, World Congress, important events for the life of the World Coalition such as the steering committees, but also meetings, events and actions carried out by our members around the world: do not miss any event related to the fight against the death penalty and find on this page the agenda of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its members. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1142] => Array ( [objectID] => 2902 [title] => Newsletter [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/news-and-events/newsletter/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With our monthly newsletter, make sure that you do not miss out on the latest information on the abolition of the death penalty. Subscribe to receive the latest articles published on the site, new documents available in the library as well as the agenda of our members. You can also sign up for our quarterly […] [texte] => With our monthly newsletter, make sure that you do not miss out on the latest information on the abolition of the death penalty. Subscribe to receive the latest articles published on the site, new documents available in the library as well as the agenda of our members.You can also sign up for our quarterly newsletter specifically on gender and the death penaltyName Email Opt in to another listGender and death penalty newsletterI agree to be emailedSubscribeOn this page you can also view past issues of our newsletter. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1143] => Array ( [objectID] => 2901 [title] => Article [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/news-and-events/articles/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment. Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of […] [texte] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment.Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of legal representation for convicted persons, the status of women and the role of public opinion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1144] => Array ( [objectID] => 2900 [title] => The World Coalition’s campaign in favour of the international and regional protocols on abolition [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/the-world-coalitions-campaign-in-favour-of-the-international-and-regional-protocols-on-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1145] => Array ( [objectID] => 2899 [title] => World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1146] => Array ( [objectID] => 2897 [title] => Contact us [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/contact-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => You can write to the World Coalition by filling in the form below in English or in French. [texte] => You can write to the World Coalition by filling in the form below in English or in French. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1147] => Array ( [objectID] => 2892 [title] => Network job offers [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/network-job-offers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a network of more than 160 organizations aiming at the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. If you are interested in any position advertised below, please send your application and ensure you indicate how your skills match the position for which you are applying. Please note that […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a network of more than 160 organizations aiming at the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. If you are interested in any position advertised below, please send your application and ensure you indicate how your skills match the position for which you are applying.Please note that the positions advertised could be either for the World Coalition Secretariat or for one of the World Coalition’s member organizations. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1148] => Array ( [objectID] => 2891 [title] => Become a member [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/become-a-member/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Only legal entities can join the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty In accordance with article 5.1. of its Bylaws, the World Coalition welcomes organizations that share the aim of the universal abolition of the death penalty. What the World Coalition offers its members What the World Coalition does not offer its members How members […] [texte] => Only legal entities can join the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyIn accordance with article 5.1. of its Bylaws, the World Coalition welcomes organizations that share the aim of the universal abolition of the death penalty.What the World Coalition offers its membersAn international network to share news and contacts and to give more visibility to members at the international level (including with the UN bodies);A website with one page dedicated to each member organization and articles published about member activities;A list-serve for members to communicate and share updates, strategies, and resources;Publications and tools dedicated to the Coalition’s mission, such as the mobilization kit for World Day Against the Death Penalty. Every year, each member receives a parcel with all the tools for World Day;News about the death penalty in the world (World Coalition monthly Newsletter, Death Penalty Worldwide Database, and Online Library);A voice and a vote at the bi-annual General Assembly to contribute to strategic issues.What the World Coalition does not offer its membersSupport for individual cases or legal aid;Financial support;Media work or official statements. Members may share these statements with the World Coalition, but the World Coalition cannot create or initiate them.How members can support the World CoalitionBe an active member: the World Coalition depends on its members to contribute to the discussions and advocacy of the network, and they are encouraged to take an active part in missions;Support the Coalition’s work by paying an annual membership fee, as well as by making voluntary financial and in-kind contributions;Actively promote the Coalition and its missions through their work, social media, websites, and advocacy;Share information and resources with local and regional networks (human rights organizations, media, and political groups);Join usOpen the application form × .popup { display: none; position: fixed; z-index: 9999; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: auto; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4); animation-name: fadeIn; animation-duration: 0.5s;}.popup-content { background-color: #fefefe; margin: 10% auto; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid #888; width: 80%; animation-name: slideIn; animation-duration: 0.5s;}.close { float: right; font-size: 28px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer;}.close:hover,.close:focus { color: #000; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;}@keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; }}@keyframes slideIn { from { transform: translateX(-100%); } to { transform: translateX(0); }}.popup.show { display: block;}@media screen and (max-width:768px) { .popup-content { padding: 5px; border: 1px solid #888; width: 90%; animation-name: slideIn; animation-duration: 0.5s;}}const popupButton = document.getElementById("popup-button");const popup = document.getElementById("popup");const close = document.getElementsByClassName("close")[0];popupButton.addEventListener("click", function() { popup.classList.add("show");});close.addEventListener("click", function() { popup.classList.remove("show");});Before you apply for membership, we invite you to consult the Membership Rules, the Intention Statement and the Bylaws.The Steering Committee decides twice a year on new requests for membership – typically in April and November.For any additional information, please contact us. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1149] => Array ( [objectID] => 2890 [title] => Presentation & History [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/presentation-history/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilizing for Universal Abolition The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. It was created as a result of the commitment made by the signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against […] [texte] => Mobilizing for Universal AbolitionThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. It was created as a result of the commitment made by the signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty organized by the French NGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) in Strasbourg in June 2001.The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The World Coalition is striving to achieve these aims in the following ways:by supporting its member organizations, local, national and regional abolitionist forces;by coordinating the international advocacy towards worldwide abolition of the death penalty.Complementing the Action of MembersThe World Coalition gives a global dimension to the action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.In conformity with the commitment made by its founders, the World Coalition has also made 10 October the World Day Against the Death Penalty. The first occurrence of this annual event took place in 2003. The World Coalition is also a partner of the World Congress Against the Death Penalty, which is held every three years.The World Coalition promotes international action taken by its members, such as the “Cities Against the Death Penalty” annual operation launched by the Community of Sant’Egidio.Organization and FunctioningThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty brings together abolitionist organizations committed to working together in line with its Bylaws. It is registered in France.The member organizations meet once every other year for the General Assembly to define the World Coalition's strategy and elect some of its members to a Steering Committee for two years. The Steering Committee's member organizations take the necessary decisions to implement this strategy. The Steering Committee elects some of its members to the Executive board, including a President and a Treasurer. The Executive Board is tasked with the general management, the financial running, the governance and the legal issues associated with the Secretariat.The World Coalition’s Secretariat works under the supervision of the Steering Committee to implement the decisions made by the General Assembly, the Steering Committee, the Executive Board and the World Coalition's Working Groups. The Secretariat manages the World Coalition’s budget and is accountable to the Treasurer, the Executive Board, the Steering Committee and the General Assembly for expenditure. The Secretariat is made up of salaried staff.The World Coalition is financed by contributions from its members and donors. It is also seeking financing from other institutional sponsors.HistoryThe participants to the first World Congress Against the Death Penalty, initiated and organized by the French NGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), adopted the Strasbourg Declaration on 22 June 2001 in the hemicycle of the Council of Europe. In paragraph 9, the signatories pledged to “create a world-wide co-ordination of abolitionist associations and campaigners, whose first goal will be to launch a world-wide day for the universal abolition of the death penalty”.After several preparatory meetings in Paris and Brussels, most of the initiative’s protagonists met in Rome on 13 May 2002 to create officially the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. An 11-member Steering Committee was selected then renewed at each General Assembly every two year.World Days and CongressesIn 2003, the World Coalition created the first World Day Against the Death Penalty. This initiative was expressed through more than 180 local initiatives across the world. Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Mexico, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the European Union officially supported the World Day. Since then, October 10 has continued to attract new initiatives. Since 2005, when more than 260 events took place, the World Day Against the Death Penalty has highlighted a particular theme each year. In 2007, the Council of Europe and the European Union officially recognized the World Day as European Day Against the Death Penalty.Having previously been involved in the organization of the 2nd World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Montreal in 2004, the World Coalition is now a partner of this major international abolitionist meeting held every three years and organized by ECPM-Together Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1150] => Array ( [objectID] => 2889 [title] => Member organizations [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/member-organizations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is made of member organizations with diverse backgrounds. To find out more about each of our members, click on their name in the list below. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is made of member organizations with diverse backgrounds. To find out more about each of our members, click on their name in the list below. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1151] => Array ( [objectID] => 2882 [title] => Resources [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resources/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1152] => Array ( [objectID] => 2881 [title] => Articles [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/news-and-events/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment. Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of […] [texte] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment.Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of legal representation for convicted persons, the status of women and the role of public opinion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1153] => Array ( [objectID] => 2880 [title] => What we do [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1154] => Array ( [objectID] => 2878 [title] => Who we are [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1155] => Array ( [objectID] => 4264 [title] => COVID-19: Calling for a Worldwide Moratorium on the Death Penalty During the Pandemic [timestamp] => 1592438400 [date] => 18/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/covid-19-calling-for-a-worldwide-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty-during-the-pandemic/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cc3116a5143ee644e884ff5139100376_2-1-500x347.jpg [extrait] => “When the whole world is trying hard to save lives from COVID-19, an execution by the state is contradictory and perverse” said Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => “When the whole world is trying hard to save lives from COVID-19, an execution by the state is contradictory and perverse” said Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.In a statement released today, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organizations call on all countries that still use the death penalty to impose a moratorium on death sentences and executions on the ground that fair trials and fair legal representation are impossible to maintain during the COVID-19 pandemic.“While some countries now sentence people to death by videoconference, as in Nigeria or Singapore, in others the prison restrictions have seriously infringed the rights of those awaiting execution because courts are stalled and law firms are closed. Options to help people whose lives are at risk are decreasing.”“The current global health crisis has demonstrated how profoundly unfair the system has been on people already weakened by their heavy sentence. A lack of visits to people on death row and the inability for lawyers and judges to work normally are all unfair consequences of an ill-equipped system.” By comparison, those countries that have had the courage during this time to take a step, big or small, towards abolition shows that our world is made better without this archaic, cruel and degrading practice of capital punishment. For example, Cameroon, Kenya, Morocco and Zimbabwe have granted commutations, which also extended to those sentenced to death. This 10 October, civil society will mobilize to celebrate the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty, which will focus on the right to legal representation and highlight the role of lawyers in protecting those facing the death penalty. A right that is fractured by the health crisis since lawyers are less able to assist their clients and who are also economically weakened. This statement has been released by the following organizations:- ACAT France (Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture)- The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)- Anti Death Penalty Asian Network (ADPAN)- la Coalition tunisienne contre la peine de mort (CTCPM)- Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM)- Fédération internationale des ACAT (FIACAT)- Hands Off Cain- Human Rights Laws Service (HURILAWS)- Justice Project Pakistan (JPP)- les Magistrats européens pour la démocraties et les libertés (MEDEL)- Regroupement des jeunes Africains pour la démocratie et le développement (REJADD-Togo)- Reprieve- The Rights Practiceand published in:- Audace 24 (Côte d'Ivoire)- Business News, en arabe et en français (Tunisie)- CVU Togo Diaspora (Togo)- Le blog de François Fabregat, publié via Médiapart (France)- Le blog de Riccardo Noury et Monica Ricci Sargentini, via Corriere della Sera (Italie)- The Guardian Nigeria (Nigéria)- Ici Lomé (Togo)- Kapitalis (Tunisie)- Redattore Sociale (Italie)- TheNews.com.pk (Pakistan)- Togo Actualité (Togo)- Togo Niooz (Togo)(photo: CDC / LIZABETH MENZIES / AFP) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1156] => Array ( [objectID] => 4265 [title] => The Abolition of the Death Penalty in Tunisia, a Fight Against Torture [timestamp] => 1592438400 [date] => 18/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-tunisia-a-fight-against-torture/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/97d140108741eb80f8b2d48a786bd771_2-1-500x333.png [extrait] => In its 2019 annual report, the Organization Against Torture in Tunisia (Organisation contre la torture en Tunisie, OCTT) denounced the death penalty and identified it as the most cruel form of torture. [texte] => The OCTT notes with high regret the weakness of the de facto moratorium that has been observed in the country for almost 30 years, while a conservative line in favour of capital punishment gains popularity among the public. The death penalty – the most serious infringement on the right to life, the first of every human right – is now under a moratorium that has been observed in practice since 1991. However, the Tunisian government has not enshrined this into law yet. The Constitution of Tunisia entitles exemptions to the right to life (albeit sanctified by its own provisions) in “extreme cases”, which could leave the door open to the retention of the death penalty. As such, the moratorium observed in Tunisia does not stop courts from imposing capital sentences, the number of which continues to increase. 47 people were sentenced to death in 2019, while 95 to 110 people are known to be on death row, including 3 women. At the political level, the context has also remained particularly strained ever since the Parliament adopted in July 2015, by a large majority, a reform of the anti-terrorist law, which led to the establishment of new capital offenses. There are now 54 legal dispositions allowing the imposition of the death penalty, but some contravene the “most serious crime” definition as enshrined in international standards. The high frequency of death sentences and the ensuing violations of the right to life have recently resulted in very serious consequences, including the imposition of two death sentences on a single person.The OCTT also called attention to the great physical, psychological and emotional distress endured by death row inmates in Tunisia, who bear the brunt of the reduction in public spending on prisons, as well the lack of follow-up procedures after being released. In its section dedicated to the death penalty, the OCTT called for major legislative, health and humanitarian reforms that would allow for the immediate and definitive abolition of the death penalty and the promotion of human rights in the country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1157] => Array ( [objectID] => 4266 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 [timestamp] => 1592352000 [date] => 17/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT are part of a joint project which aims to contribute to the abolition of the death penalty in Sub-Saharan Africa. [texte] => In the framework of this project, the World Coalition wants to support partner civil society organizations in organizing activities for the World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October). For the whole project, the World Coalition will help finance World Day activities in the following countries: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Togo.For 2020, the second time we launch this offer, the World Coalition will grant up to EUR 9,000 distributed amongst the 9 countries listed. We encourage interested organizations to partner together with local ACATs or other World Coalition members to apply, as strength in numbers will help the activity. To do so, the World Coalition is launching a call for actions for 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty and will help finance activities with small grants from EUR 500 to EUR 1,000.Please note that the World Coalition small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and the European Union. How to apply? Please submit by email to africa2020@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed of:- this Application form in Word format and the filled out Provisional Budget Excel Sheet (here attached)- your organization’s By-laws (if you are a legal entity);- your organization’s most recent activity reportSubmission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 8 July 2020, midnight CEST (Paris time).Indicative Timetable: - 8 July 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 9–17 July 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 20 July: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries- 20 July–6 September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first in-stalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the fi-nal reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible)- 10 September 2020–February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information or questions on the application please contact africa2020@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burkina Faso [1] => Burundi [2] => Cameroon [3] => Congo [4] => Côte d'Ivoire [5] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [6] => Ghana [7] => Guinea [8] => Kenya [9] => Liberia [10] => Mauritania [11] => Niger [12] => Senegal [13] => Sierra Leone [14] => Togo [15] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1158] => Array ( [objectID] => 4267 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in the Maldives and Turkey [timestamp] => 1592352000 [date] => 17/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-the-maldives-and-turkey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its 14 international member organizations active in the Philippines, the Maldives and Turkey are part of a joint project which aims to combat the resurgence of the death penalty, particularly in the aforementioned three countries at risk. [texte] => Every year, the World Coalition organizes the World Day Against the Death Penalty every October 10. It sends packages to all its members and partners containing all the tools and materials prepared for World Day. At the same time, it suggests actions to be organized and a mobilization kit with indications on how to organize events. For the second year, for the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition and its partners would like to grant targeted financial support to local civil society organizations in the Maldives and Turkey to encourage joint actions to celebrate the World Day and thus increase their impact.To do so, we are launching a call for actions for World Day and will help finance activities with a small grant of EUR 2,000. Please note that the World Coalition small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and the European Union. How to apply? Please submit by email to car2020@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed of:- this application form in Word format- your organization’s By-laws (if you have a legal entity)- your organization’s most recent activity report Submission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 9 August 2020, midnight CEST (Paris-time). Indicative Timetable: - 9 August 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 10-14 August 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 17-21 August: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries - 21 August-6 September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first instalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the final reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible)- 10 September 2020-February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information or questions on the application please contact car2020@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1159] => Array ( [objectID] => 4268 [title] => Finance and Administration Manager [timestamp] => 1589414400 [date] => 14/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/finance-and-administration-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits a Finance and Administration Manager for a full time permanent position starting as soon as possible. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Mission:1/ Accounting and financial management- Follow-up of banking operations and payment of invoices;- Management and follow-up of cash, Paypal and bank accounts;- General and analytical accounting (from accounting entry to balance sheet entry);- Accounting closing of accounts in connection with the chartered accountant and the statutory auditor;- Preparation of budgets in collaboration with the staff and the treasurer;- Creation and management of dashboards (Coalition donors, payroll in particular);- Management and monitoring of cash flow (short, medium and long term);- Realization of internal financial reports in collaboration with the chartered accountant, the statutory auditor and the treasurer;- Realization of financial reports to donors;- Management and follow-up of audits of financial reports to donors;- Financial management of missions in conjunction with the Director (Preparation of forms and their payment, others).2/ Management and technical support of financial partnerships- Management of financial partnerships with project members and partners;- Creation of administrative and financial management tools;- Internal training of the staff on the use of these tools;- Training of members and financial partners on the use of these tools;3/ Human resources management- Preparation of the payroll in connection with the dedicated service provider;- Payment of payroll, author and translation contracts;- Management of trainees, lunch vouchers and paid leaves;- Monitoring of social obligations with relevant institutions;- Follow-up of social and employer declarations with the dedicated service provider.4/ Support for the fundraising for the operations of the World Coalition- Fundraising, especially for private funding, in collaboration with the staff and the treasurer;- Preparation of budgets for all funding requests, in collaboration with the staff and the treasurer;- Prospecting missions and meetings with potential donors, in collaboration with the Director.5/ Support for the general coordination of the Coalition (Steering Committee and General Assembly)- Participation in all statutory meetings (Steering Committee meeting every quarter and General Assembly every other year);- Preparation of the financial reports for each meeting, in collaboration with the treasurer;Qualifications- Training: Business School / Master 2 finance, management, MBA- At least 7 years of professional experience, including experience in NGOs at headquarters and with partners in the field; and experience in direct management of grant contracts from public (European Union-DEVCO, AFD, etc.) and private donors (foundations, etc.)- Expertise in French accounting system and management principles, knowledge of the SAGE-05C accounting software would be a plus- Autonomy, rigor, ability to prioritize and to be pro-active, sense of responsibility- Good interpersonal skills, ability to work in a team, ability to share information fluidly, ability to support partners worldwide- Excellent command of Windows and Office (Word, Excel)- Fluent in English and French; third working language would be preferableConditions:- Status: Full time permanent contract (CDI) under French law (Missions Locales and PAIO collective agreement), management position- Remuneration: salary according to qualifications and experience (from €3,000 gross per month) - Social benefit: 50% of the cost of the Parisian transportation, lunch vouchers worth 9 euros (60% paid by the employer), health insurance (50% paid by the employer), provident scheme- Mobility: Travel in Europe and internationally to be planned- Location: Montreuil (93) - FranceTo applyThe application must be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: RAF2020) with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)We will consider applications on a rolling basis. We will begin considering applications from 25 May 2020. The deadline to apply is 7 June 2020, midnight.Contract expected to start as soon as possible to allow for a transition period with the current Financial and Admin Manager.The World Coalition is signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1160] => Array ( [objectID] => 4269 [title] => Loopholes in Saudi promise to end death sentences against children [timestamp] => 1588723200 [date] => 06/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/loopholes-in-saudi-promise-to-end-death-sentences-against-children/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/abc0411e447ec709db9d43d9d69ac50e_2-1-500x346.jpg [extrait] => Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Commission has announced that children are no longer eligible for the death penalty in the Kingdom. Citing a royal decree, the commission stated that anyone convicted of crimes that took place while they were under the age of 18 will face a maximum punishment of ten years in juvenile detention. [texte] => Extract from Reprieve website, to read the all article click here.The full text of the decree has not been published, but initial legal analysis of an unofficial version posted online suggests there are significant loopholes that will enable prosecutors to continue to seek death sentences against children.There are currently 13 people facing death sentences in Saudi Arabia for alleged crimes that occurred when they were minors. All were charged with terrorism offences related to attending pro-democracy demonstrations. It appears that an exception in the new decree would mean such offences remain death-eligible, irrespective of the age of the defendant.In theory, Royal Decree No.113 on the Juvenile Law, enacted in August 2018, already prohibited death sentences being imposed against minors in Saudi Arabia. But in practice, a loophole in this law, maintaining capital punishment for hudud and qisas offences in Shari’a law, enables prosecutors to charge children as young as seven years old with capital crimes.The Human Rights Commission has not announced whether the new decree will be applied retroactively. Ali al-Nimr, Dawood al-Marhoun and Abdullah al-Zaher remain on death row in Saudi Arabia, at imminent risk of execution for alleged crimes that occurred before they were 18 years old.Last year, Saudi Arabia executed 185 people, including at least three young men who were children at the time of their alleged offences: Mujtaba al-Sweikat, Abdulkarim al-Hawaj and Salman Qureish. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1161] => Array ( [objectID] => 4270 [title] => Iran: Annual report on the death penalty 2019 [timestamp] => 1588550400 [date] => 04/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-2019/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8796278d2728a3579e9c9e48e0d27f8e_2-1-500x208.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) published its 12th report on 31 march 2020. The report provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2019 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. [texte] => Extract Iran Human Rights article published on 31 march 2020. To read the full article on Iran Human Rights website click here. THE FULL REPORT (pdf) is available here : https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran-GB.pdf2019 ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE At least 280 people were executed in 2019, 7 more compared to 2018 84 executions (30%) were announced by official sources. In 2018 and 2017, respectively 34% and 21% had been announced by the authorities 70% of all executions included in the 2019 report, i.e. 196 executions, were not announced by the authorities At least 225 executions (80% of all executions) were for murder charges (it is the second-highest number in 10 years) At least 30 people (approximately 11%) were executed for drug-related charges 13 executions were conducted in public spaces At least 4 juvenile offenders were among those executed At least 15 women were executed At least 55 executions in 2019 and more than 3,581 executions since 2010 have been based on death sentences issued by the Revolutionary Courts At least 374 prisoners sentenced to death for murder charges were forgiven by the families of the murder victims - a significant increase compared to previous years As in 2018, the majority of those executed in 2019 in Iran were charged with murder and sentenced to qisas (retribution in kind). At least 225 people were executed for murder charges in 2019. This is the second-highest number of annual qisas executions in the last 10 years.Commenting on the Iranian authorities’ use of the qisas law, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, Director of IHR, said: “Besides being an inhumane punishment, qisas represents a serious violation of the rights of the murder victims’ families who, from being victims of violence grieving for the loss of their loved ones, are converted by the state to executioners”. IHR and ECPM call for the removal of qisas from penal law and underline that punishment is the responsibility of states and not ordinary citizens. In violation of their international obligations, the Iranian authorities continue executions of juvenile offenders. At least four juvenile offenders were executed in 2019 and several are in danger of execution. More than 70% of the executions in this report were not announced by the Iranian authorities. Thus, the total number of executions, and the number of children executed in 2019, might be much higher than the figures presented in this report. Lack of transparency and accountability in the Iranian judicial system must also be addressed by the international community with regard to the bloody crackdown of the nationwide protests in November 2019. During the 3 days of protests in more than 100 cities across Iran, hundreds of people were shot to death by the security forces. IHR’s researchers have concluded that at least 324 people were killed, most of them as a result of bullets to their head, neck or chest, and at least 10,000 were arrested during and in the following few weeks. Reuters reported that 1,500 people were killed during the protests. However, the Iranian authorities still have not publicized the number of victims of the November protests, nor has anyone been held accountable for the killings. IHR has also received reports about the inhumane conditions under which those arrested have been held. ECPM, IHR and several other human rights NGOs have called for a special session of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) to address the Iran protests and to appoint a UN fact-finding mission investigating the number of those killed, the situation of those arrested as a step towards holding those responsible for the crimes committed. Iranian society has entered a new phase as people are struggling for fundamental changes. 2019 started with smaller protests and ended in the largest and bloodiest protests in Iran since the 1980s. There are no indications that the protests will stop at this point. IHR and ECPM are concerned that with increasing protests and anger among the people, the authorities will use even more violence, and above all will increase the use of the death penalty as their only and most efficient weapon to confront the unrest. The international community and especially Iran’s European dialogue partners must play a more proactive role in preventing the use of violence by the Iranian authorities against its own citizens. With the launch of this report, IHR and ECPM call upon the international community, and Iran’s European dialogue partners, to press for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty and for major reforms in the country’s judicial system, which does not meet minimum international standards. Iranian leadership and all organs involved in the crackdown must be held accountable by the international community. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1162] => Array ( [objectID] => 4271 [title] => Sentenced to death without execution: Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados [timestamp] => 1588550400 [date] => 04/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sentenced-to-death-without-execution-why-capital-punishment-has-not-yet-been-abolished-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3857cdd8794d935fc6d1977b491adec7_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal with the assistance of Amaya Athill, published a empirical study aims to shed light on why Eastern Caribbean States and Barbados hang on to capital punishment even though they haven't carried out any executions in the last ten years. [texte] => Extract from Death Penalty Project, publish on april 7.Click here To read the full study.This independent empirical study, which presents the views of 100 ‘opinion formers’, drawn from the seven jurisdictions, aims to shed light on why these countries hang on to capital punishment and what are the barriers to the complete abolition of the death penalty in these nations.Key findings include: Across these seven nations, 48 of the interviewees favoured retention of the death penalty (18 of them strongly) and 52 were in favour of its abolition (30 of them strongly) Of those who favoured retention of the death penalty, only a minority were committed to retaining it: only 10 of 48 interviewees said they would ‘strongly oppose an Act of Parliament to completely abolish the death penalty by definitely voting against it. Respondents believed the best strategies to persuade their respective governments to embrace reform were: ‘through creating an influential civil society pressure group ‘Citizens Against the Death Penalty’; by ‘mounting a legal challenge to the constitutionality of the death penalty’; or by ‘persuading the government to establish a high-level commission to report on the subject’. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1163] => Array ( [objectID] => 1935 [title] => The Sunny Center Foundation [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-sunny-center-foundation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9712d7acacf191dc38954fbaab22806f_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ireland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1164] => Array ( [objectID] => 1936 [title] => Cornell Center on Death Penalty Worldwide [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/cornell-center-on-death-penalty-worldwide/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/884daaa944071d2a2dec5643a02c1c09_2-300x300.png [extrait] => A research, training, and advocacy center focused on promoting international human rights law in the application of the death penalty. [texte] => A research, training, and advocacy center focused on promoting international human rights law in the application of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1165] => Array ( [objectID] => 1937 [title] => Conseil national des barreaux [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/conseil-national-des-barreaux/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/029e12b50a54b4c1c40a40b7d51db511_2-300x177.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1166] => Array ( [objectID] => 1938 [title] => Kenya Human Rights Commission [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kenya-human-rights-commission/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1167] => Array ( [objectID] => 1939 [title] => Bahrain Centre for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bahrain-centre-for-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1168] => Array ( [objectID] => 1940 [title] => Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l’Homme (AMDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-mauritanienne-des-droits-de-lhomme-amdh/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1169] => Array ( [objectID] => 1915 [title] => Mouvance des Abolitionnistes du Congo Brazzaville [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/mouvance-des-abolitionnistes-du-congo-brazzaville/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mandate and Objectives: – Promote fundamental human rights : LIFE , EDUCATION, ACCESS TO WATER AND ELECTRICITY – Making human rights in daily lives – Fighting for universal abolition of the death penalty, starting in Congo Brazzaville by a national moratorium Types of action: – Exhibitions and screenings – Lectures, discussion and citizen petition, Sit-in […] [texte] => Mandate and Objectives:- Promote fundamental human rights : LIFE , EDUCATION, ACCESS TO WATER AND ELECTRICITY- Making human rights in daily lives- Fighting for universal abolition of the death penalty, starting in Congo Brazzaville by a national moratoriumTypes of action:- Exhibitions and screenings- Lectures, discussion and citizen petition, Sit-in in Embassies- Workshops sensitization- Outreach to churches- Door-to-doorActions aimed at the abolition of the death penalty :- Signatures petitions against the execution of Troy Davis sent to the Committee of the State of Georgia- Talks - debate and screening on the 10th World Day against the Death Penalty in Brazzaville- Distributions of prospectus on 10 October at the Law Faculty Brazzaville- Official launch of the creation of a " TROY DAVIS WAS INNOCENT " area on the occasion of the 11th World Day against the Death Penalty in Brazzaville on 10 October 2013- Project on a carnival for universal abolition of the death penalty (Starting at Brazzaville and Kinshasa) Death penalty statute: abolished in law since 2015 [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1170] => Array ( [objectID] => 1916 [title] => Serbia Against Capital Punishment (SACP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/serbia-against-capital-punishment-sacp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/75d52237743d661f8f60a988e9ba5989_2.jpg [extrait] => Serbia Against Capital Punishment (SACP) was formed in 2012 to work towards universal abolition of the death penalty and to oppose its reintroduction in Serbia or any other country. It also opposes torture, as well as all other inhuman and degrading punishments. SACP maintains a data base of more than 7.000 persons sentenced to death […] [texte] => Serbia Against Capital Punishment (SACP) was formed in 2012 to work towards universal abolition of the death penalty and to oppose its reintroduction in Serbia or any other country. It also opposes torture, as well as all other inhuman and degrading punishments.SACP maintains a data base of more than 7.000 persons sentenced to death in Serbia and Yugoslavia from 1804 to 2002.Its web site also contains a data base of Serbian/Yugoslav legislation concerning the death penalty.Every year SACP commissions two polls of public opinion on the death penalty in Serbia and publishes the results on its web site.SACP regularly marks the World Day against the Death Penalty by organizing an appropriate event in Belgrade and /or other Serbian cities. Together with the city of Belgrade, it also takes part in the worldwide campaign Cities for Life. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Serbia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1171] => Array ( [objectID] => 1917 [title] => Kurdistan Human Rights Association-Geneva (KMMK-G) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-of-human-rights-in-kurdistan-of-iran-geneva-kmmk-g/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kurdistan Human Rights Association-Geneva (KMMK-G) is an independent organization, with no political affiliation. KMMK-G was established in 2006 to serve as a bridge between the Kurdish civil society and the United Nations (UN) agencies and International institutions on the one hand, and the Kurdish and Iranian civil society on the other hand. The organization aims […] [texte] => Kurdistan Human Rights Association-Geneva (KMMK-G) is an independent organization, with no political affiliation. KMMK-G was established in 2006 to serve as a bridge between the Kurdish civil society and the United Nations (UN) agencies and International institutions on the one hand, and the Kurdish and Iranian civil society on the other hand. The organization aims to: Promote democracy, human rights, and social development in and beyond Iranian Kurdistan; Defend the rights of ethnic and religious minorities and challenging all forms of discrimination; Defend the rights of political prisoners; Fight for the abolition of death penalty in Iran and worldwide; Promote women’s rights and the rights of the child; Raise awareness about the human rights situation in Iranian Kurdistan and beyond; Promote the rights and the integration of Kurdish Diaspora [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1172] => Array ( [objectID] => 1918 [title] => Comisión Cubana de Derechos Humanos y Reconciliación Nacional [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/comision-cubana-de-derechos-humanos-y-reconciliacion-nacional/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mandate and Objectives: Promotion and protection of all HR for all. Programme for the abolition of the death penalty. Training programs. Free legal aid services. Preparation of monthly and special reports. Request for precautionary measures to international organizations. Type of actions: Legal defense. Education and outreach in the field of Hman Rights and Humanitarian aid […] [texte] => Mandate and Objectives:Promotion and protection of all HR for all. Programme for the abolition of the death penalty. Training programs. Free legal aid services. Preparation of monthly and special reports. Request for precautionary measures to international organizations.Type of actions:Legal defense. Education and outreach in the field of Hman Rights and Humanitarian aid to the victims of repression.Since 1987 we have worked against the application of the death penalty and, therefore, we have suffered persecution and imprisonment. Since 2003 a kind of de facto moratorium applies in Cuba but still in force tens of motivations in the Penal Code as to issue death penalty convictions. We are now trying to push, with the help of international NGOs, for the government of Cuba to provide for the total abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cuba ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1173] => Array ( [objectID] => 1920 [title] => Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRAI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-activists-in-iran-hrai/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/af84f6ec86ce9d0efa25a6fadf4a7e86_2.jpg [extrait] => Human Rights Activists in Iran (also known as HRAI and HRA) is a non-political and non-governmental organization comprised of advocates who defend human rights in Iran. HRAI was founded in 2006 and aims to promote, safeguard and sustain human rights in Iran. The organization keeps the Iranian community and the world informed by monitoring human […] [texte] => Human Rights Activists in Iran (also known as HRAI and HRA) is a non-political and non-governmental organization comprised of advocates who defend human rights in Iran. HRAI was founded in 2006 and aims to promote, safeguard and sustain human rights in Iran. The organization keeps the Iranian community and the world informed by monitoring human rights violations in the country and disseminating the news about such abuses. Additionally, HRAI strives to improve the current state of affairs in a peaceful manner and supports strict adherence to human rights principles.In general, HRAI’s mission is to protect the human rights of all Iranian citizens regardless of their religion, political views, social status, gender or ethnicity. The organisation defends freedom of speech, association and press. It opposes capital punishment, executions and stoning. It strives to protect the environment and advocates for women’s rights, children’s rights, labour rights, gay rights and the rights of ethnic and religious minorities.The organization condemns the expulsion of college students as a form of punishment for their political beliefs and fights for the right to education.HRAI uses five different methods to achieve its goals, namely: reporting and news dissemination, education, legal assistance, protests and international engagements. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1174] => Array ( [objectID] => 1921 [title] => Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/centre-for-civil-and-political-rights-ccpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/91401c8ad4a81ac415d7fe81dcbe5730_2.jpg [extrait] => The Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) envisions the full realisation of the rights proclaimed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols at the universal level. This includes the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which abolishes the death penalty. The CCPR aims to fulfil that […] [texte] => The Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) envisions the full realisation of the rights proclaimed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols at the universal level. This includes the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which abolishes the death penalty.The CCPR aims to fulfil that vision by facilitating the application of the ICCPR and promoting the implementation of recommendations by the UN Human Rights Committee, mainly through engaging with national NGOs. The organisation undertakes workshops, lobbying activities and consultations with NGOs and other relevant national stakeholders.It also undertakes strategic litigation, review of jurisprudence, and follow-up of individual cases presented for the consideration of the Human Rights Committee under the complaints procedure of the first Optional Protocol of ICCPR.The organisation comprises a small secretariat of three permanent staff based in Geneva, and regional coordinators who are currently based in West Africa (Togo) and Asia-Pacific (Indonesia).Its work includes advocating for States that have not ratified the ICCPR, as well as the two Optional Protocols, to take action. The CCPR believes that the UN Human Rights Committee can and should be playing a role to encourage more States to ratify these treaties, and in the case of the Second Optional Protocol, to abolish death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1175] => Array ( [objectID] => 1922 [title] => New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NHCADP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/new-hampshire-coalition-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-nhcadp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/123456f3d89da56cdf9c508065f26ac9_2.jpg [extrait] => New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NHCADP) ‘s mandate and goals are to abolish the Death Penalty in the State of New Hamphire and the United States. To do so, they organise the following actions: direct lobbying of legislators, letter writing campaigns to legislators and media, vigils and other public demonstrations, public information […] [texte] => New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NHCADP) 's mandate and goals are to abolish the Death Penalty in the State of New Hamphire and the United States.To do so, they organise the following actions: direct lobbying of legislators, letter writing campaigns to legislators and media, vigils and other public demonstrations, public information sessions with movies and guest speakers. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1176] => Array ( [objectID] => 1923 [title] => Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/parliamentarians-for-global-action-pga/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a927e666a3c5d8cd338e9e92d0923133_2.jpg [extrait] => Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), a non-profit, non-partisan international network of over 1,200 legislators in approximately 130 elected parliaments around the globe, aims to promote peace, democracy, the rule of law, human rights, gender equality and population issues by informing, convening, and mobilizing parliamentarians to realize these goals. The network of legislators’ programme of work […] [texte] => Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), a non-profit, non-partisan international network of over 1,200 legislators in approximately 130 elected parliaments around the globe, aims to promote peace, democracy, the rule of law, human rights, gender equality and population issues by informing, convening, and mobilizing parliamentarians to realize these goals.The network of legislators’ programme of work is under the political direction of an Executive Committee of 15 members. This structure allows PGA to effectively push policies at the national, regional, and international levels. PGA also works closely with the UN system through the advisory body of the UN Committee for PGA - comprising senior UN ambassadors, high-level UN officials, and some leading NGO representatives. PGA also has had an extremely effective track record with intergovernmental agencies such as the UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, UNIFEM, UNESCO, the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and International IDEA. PGA's programs on peace and democracy, sustainable development and population, and international law work in close cooperation with NGOs and leading research institutions in these fieldsOn July 15, 2013, the PGA Executive Committee together with the PGA International Law and Human Rights Programme took the decision to start preparations towards the creation of a global parliamentary platform for the abolition of the death penalty, welcoming a proposal of the PGA UK Board member Mr. Mark Pritchard, MP and the UK All Party Parliamentary Group for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, chaired by PGA member H.E. Ms. Baroness Vivien Stern (member, House of Lords). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1177] => Array ( [objectID] => 1924 [title] => European Association for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/european-association-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9a2b0b95f4b2338d03bc67ab49f7cdce_2.jpg [extrait] => The European Association for Human Rights mainly promotes the welfare of prisoners. Its work is especially focused on taking care for death row prisoners and their children, and abolishing the death penalty. Many people on death row are dismissed in their search for help and support from the established human rights organizations. There is a […] [texte] => The European Association for Human Rights mainly promotes the welfare of prisoners. Its work is especially focused on taking care for death row prisoners and their children, and abolishing the death penalty. Many people on death row are dismissed in their search for help and support from the established human rights organizations. There is a lack of capacity or projects are not sufficiently advertised.The European Association for Human Rights especially wants to support people who have been looking for help from non-profit organizations for a long time. The Association has started the “Texas Death Row Project” to help Texas death row prisoners to cope better with their physical and mental situations. To do this, it implements the following programmes:Protected childhood: it supports children of selected past and present death row prisoners in Texas.Letters to death row: for prisoners on Texas death row, letters are often the only contact with the outside world. The Association publishs pen pal ads for prisoners on Texas death row, especially for those who have had a difficult time finding friends, as well as for new prisoner who have just arrived on death row.Justice for Gerald Marshall: the Association supports obviously innocent prisoners with their legal cases by helping them to hire qualified legal representation as funds permit. Its first such project is Justice for Gerald Marshall.Care packages for prisoners: the Association supports Texas death row inmates with care packages or funds to have access to essential goods and necessities.Texas death penalty education: the Association educates the public as well as prisoners on the legal atrocities of Texas death row. It strives to inform the public about the death penalty system in Texas and teach the prisoners about their rights with a view to enabling them to protect themselves. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1178] => Array ( [objectID] => 1925 [title] => Greater Caribbean for Life [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/greater-caribbean-for-life/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7d13ab6d8e2466416033265d4f76b9c2_2-272x300.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) is an independent, not-for-profit civil society organization, incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. GCL was established on 2 October 2013 by activists and organizations from twelve Greater Caribbean countries following an International Conference held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Our organization came into […] [texte] => p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; }a:link { color: rgb(157, 69, 79); }The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) is an independent, not-for-profit civil society organization, incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. GCL was established on 2 October 2013 by activists and organizations from twelve Greater Caribbean countries following an International Conference held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Our organization came into existence with a view to bring together all activists and organisations supporting abolition in the region in order to strengthen their voices; it seeks to build and nurture the abolitionist movement in the Greater Caribbean as we campaign for and work towards the permanent abolition of the death penalty in this region in which capital punishment remains in the legal system of thirteen countries and in which two countries retain the mandatory death penalty for murder. GCL is also committed to collaborating with the international abolitionist community, and acts as a supporting platform in its advocacy and educational efforts. GCL’s membership currently includes members from 15 Greater Caribbean countries (Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago).Our Executive Committee is comprised of members from Antigua and Barbuda, St.Kitts and Nevis, St.Vincent and the Grenadines, Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago. While GCL vehemently condemns the rise of violent crime in our region and expresses solidarity with victims, members reject the notion that capital punishment will act as a deterrent or foster respect for life in our communities. In addition, in our societies, the death penalty operates in an unequal manner due to a number of socio-economic factors: it is primarily imposed on the poor and the disadvantaged. GCL is committed to promoting more durable and effective solutions aimed at reducing crime in the Greater Caribbean region – rather than the taking of life. Leela Ramdeen, Chair of GCL has said: “The time is long overdue for people in the Caribbean region who wish to find more sustainable, long-term solutions to crime and violence to lift their voices against the inhumanity of the death penalty. Let us encourage governments in the region to find alternatives to the death penalty. While GCL continues to campaign and work towards better responses to the needs of victims and their families, we believe that the death penalty does not make societies safer. Our ‘Mantra’ is: ‘Stop crime, not lives!’” [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1179] => Array ( [objectID] => 1926 [title] => Lualua Center for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lualua-center-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8426a6bc81fc2145ec1d3cb26e5b8067_2-300x300.jpeg [extrait] => The objectives of Lualua Center for Human Rights are: 1- To contribute in the promotion of economic, social, cultural, environmental and civil growth according to the international declaration of human rights and subsequent relevant international conventions. 2- To work on achieving integrity and transparency and fighting corruption. To enshrine the concept of citizenship by promoting […] [texte] => The objectives of Lualua Center for Human Rights are:1- To contribute in the promotion of economic, social, cultural, environmental and civil growth according to the international declaration of human rights and subsequent relevant international conventions.2- To work on achieving integrity and transparency and fighting corruption. To enshrine the concept of citizenship by promoting the role of citizens in shaping their future.3- To work on spreading the spirit of harmony and fraternity between the peoples of the Arab region on the basis of tolerance, dialogue, non-violence and human rights.4- To establish cooperation ties between the different parties concerned by the association's activities, locally, regionally and internationally.5- To issue publications, circulars and books and to organize conferences, symposiums and workshops but also to make use of the different social media outlets in order to achieve the previously mentioned objectives. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1180] => Array ( [objectID] => 1927 [title] => Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/society-for-human-rights-and-development-organisation-shrdo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7fa4e99edfffcd36e4463f3faa32664c_2.png [extrait] => The Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO) – Formally MRU youth parliament – purpose is for peace & development and its activities are base on Sub Regional Peace Consolidations, Peace Promotion & Peace Maintenance across Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea & Ivory Coast by the Youngsters/ Youth Leaders themselves that agitates for regional reintegration, […] [texte] => The Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO) - Formally MRU youth parliament - purpose is for peace & development and its activities are base on Sub Regional Peace Consolidations, Peace Promotion & Peace Maintenance across Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea & Ivory Coast by the Youngsters/ Youth Leaders themselves that agitates for regional reintegration, regional peace & security, regional cooperation, political and economic stability in the sub region- it has worked with the UN backed Special Court for Sierra Leone that its mandate did not permit any dead penalty on all convicts. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1181] => Array ( [objectID] => 1928 [title] => Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/legal-awareness-watch-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) is a nonpartisan, non-profitable NGO registered under law since 1999, holding registration number 1388. Since its creation, LAW has been advocating, and raising awareness in Pakistan on human rights of prisoners in 104 Pakistani prisons i.e. the right to vote, right to dignity, right to life etc. Apart from the promotion […] [texte] => Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) is a nonpartisan, non-profitable NGO registered under law since 1999, holding registration number 1388. Since its creation, LAW has been advocating, and raising awareness in Pakistan on human rights of prisoners in 104 Pakistani prisons i.e. the right to vote, right to dignity, right to life etc.Apart from the promotion of human rights, LAW has been running awareness-raising advocacy on the abolition of the barbaric death penalty and the miserable imprisonment practices used against the marginalized (including women and children).To achieve its objectives, LAW with the help of stakeholders and volunteers implements advocacy sessions and forums on the above subjects across Pakistan. LAW does not only implement awareness-raising advocacy sessions on the above cited law but also defends children, women and marginalized groups placed on trial across Pakistan. Thus, LAW has a two-fold agenda:1. advocacy on the laws promulgated for children; and2. adovcacy on individual cases of vulnerable children such as street children of all categories and juveniles facing and convicted of offences punishable by death or mass imprisonment, including blasphemy offence under Section 295 A, B, and C of Pakistan Penal Code 1860.LAW encourages the implementation of the Juvenile Justice System Act 2018 as well as the Destitute and Neglected Children Act 2004 in light of the United Nations Convention on Child Rights (CRC) which the State of Pakistan ratified and signed in 1990. Laws and regulations on children should be implemented in light of the CRC, particularly in accordance with General Comment No. 10 and 21 construing domestic laws by virtue of Article 37 and Article 6 of the CRC which forbid awarding life imprisonment without parole and death sentences upon children even in rare of rarest circumstances. Despite ratification of the CRC in 1990, there were instances where Pakistan both sent under-aged children to the gallows or murdered them extra judicially in police custody or subjected them to extreme violence. LAW is committed to challenging brutality and violence of all forms usually inflicted upon children and marginalized people at all levels of the society and system of criminal justice. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1182] => Array ( [objectID] => 1929 [title] => Coalition nigérienne contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-nigerienne-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c36f674dd11a187e254e6994630e3016_2-300x208.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; }a:link { color: rgb(157, 69, 79); } [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1183] => Array ( [objectID] => 1930 [title] => Vivere [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/vivere/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9440f6b7eeecbc8b6a7191c4401955f7_2-300x149.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1184] => Array ( [objectID] => 1931 [title] => International Association of Lawyers [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-association-of-lawyers/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1e57c3e2026d6dfd41a23bd441ad0ecf_2.jpg [extrait] => Established in 1927, and with members in 110 countries, the UIA (International Association of Lawyers) is a global and multi-cultural organization for the legal profession that facilitates professional development, stimulates learning and networking, and promotes the Rule of Law. UIA is open to all the world’s lawyers, both general practitioners and specialists. The UIA’s members […] [texte] => Established in 1927, and with members in 110 countries, the UIA (International Association of Lawyers) is a global and multi-cultural organization for the legal profession that facilitates professional development, stimulates learning and networking, and promotes the Rule of Law.UIA is open to all the world’s lawyers, both general practitioners and specialists. The UIA's members have extensive legal expertise, which is reflected in high-level legal debates within its technical commissions and working groups, as well as in resolutions adopted regarding current problems faced by the legal profession throughout the world.UIA enjoys special consultative status with ECOSOC and participative status with the Council of Europe.In 2003, UIA was the first international association of lawyers to adopt a firm stance in favour of the abolition of the death penalty, and it continues to unceasingly campaign against capital punishment.Since 2015, the UIA Institute for the Rule of Law (UIA-IROL) has assumed the task of promoting the Rule of Law and supporting and defending, in particular lawyers, judges and human rights defenders who are harassed, threatened and/or persecuted in the exercise of their professions, the independence of the legal and judicial professions, and the Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers, especially in defense of human rights. UIA-IROL also ensures UIA’s longstanding commitment to the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1185] => Array ( [objectID] => 1932 [title] => Réseau Marocain Euromed des ONG [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reseau-marocain-euromed-des-ong/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/5294f0f6150d4aa6920ac380ae6a58dc_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1186] => Array ( [objectID] => 1933 [title] => Observatoire burundais des prisons [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/observatoire-burundais-des-prisons/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1187] => Array ( [objectID] => 1934 [title] => Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Versailles [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-avocats-du-barreau-de-versailles/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1c8e8d178e5ba585583499050081c695_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1188] => Array ( [objectID] => 1895 [title] => Association Justice et Miséricorde (AJEM) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-justice-et-misericorde-ajem/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4f638c5d73564ec4edea06817a43cc7_2.jpg [extrait] => The Association Justice and Mercy (AJEM) is a Lebanese nonprofit, nonpolitical and nonsectarian nongovernmental organization (NGO) created in 1996 at the initiative of a group of social workers. AJEM deals mainly with the right of prisoners in Lebanon, and more generally with human rights, the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, […] [texte] => The Association Justice and Mercy (AJEM) is a Lebanese nonprofit, nonpolitical and nonsectarian nongovernmental organization (NGO) created in 1996 at the initiative of a group of social workers. AJEM deals mainly with the right of prisoners in Lebanon, and more generally with human rights, the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, and works to abolish the death penalty."The National Coalition for the Abolition of Death Penalty in Lebanon"Early 1997, the first initiative to abolish the death penalty was launched with the participation of celebrities and several NGOs including AJEM . It was at the initiative of AJEM and ADDL (Association for Defense of Human Rights and Freedoms) that the first collective public statement calling for the abolition of the death penalty was launched on May 21, 1998. A wide program of innovative activities has been set up by this movement. As such, it may be noted the implementation of a large demonstration against public executions of two young boys in the town of Tarbaja (Mount Lebanon) on May 20, 1998. The slogan was: "We mourn the victims of crime as well as the first victims of the execution." Members of the movement, including the president of AJEM, stood back in the place of execution, blocking the road with a banner in black and white, so that judges, religious men, security forces, the media and many others could stop and read the slogan.The event made the headlines in a dozen newspapers and local media, Arab and international and was heralded as a milestone in the history of the abolition of death penalty in Lebanon. An early success of this national campaign was the cancellation of the law 302/94 known as the "killer law" which stated that "everyone will be killer (it) killed" regardless of mitigating circumstances. (Act 302/94) Another important result of the launch of the campaign process to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon, was that lawyers, researchers and human rights legislators submitted three bills and proposals to replace the death penalty between 2001 and 2009. On June 30, 2004, a bill was submitted by seven MPs to abolish the death penalty and replace it with life imprisonment and hard labor without the possibility of parole. But the proposal was not developed. In 2006, it is still the "national campaign" (to abolish the death penalty) that prepared a bill that offered the right to study the nature and circumstances of each crime with the opportunity to benefit from the Article 4 of Law 163/2002. It was signed by seven members and introduced in Parliament by MPs and a member of the "campaign": Ghassan MOUKHAIBER. But the project remained unanswered. Finally, in 2008, Dr. Ibhrahim Najjar, Minister of Justice submitted his bill to the Presidency of the Republic and the Cabinet so that the death penalty be abolished and replaced by life imprisonment doubled with forced labor. But this project was not put on the agenda. It is also important to note the parliamentary initiative of 2007, as part of the "National Campaign for Human Rights" which led to important discussions in Parliament on the abolition of the death penalty and possible alternatives, in the presence of members of the "national campaign", organizations and associations defending human rights and of the Members concerned. In addition to research alternatives, this movement has produced statistical documents and publications, and organised trainings, conferences and events with families of victims etc.. The most notable result is the de facto moratorium that prevailed in Lebanon since 2004 and in which this movement has played a major role.The World Day against the Death Penalty on 10/10/2011On the occasion of the Ninth World Day against the Death Penalty held on Monday, October 10, 2011, AJEM has established an advocacy and information destined for the Lebanese people on the death penalty. It hoped thereby to show their support for Lebanese sentenced to death, currently numbering 57, including three women in Lebanese prisons. On October 10, 2011, AJEM was therefore present on the Place de l'Etoile (Beirut Center) from 15:30. AJEM a booth with information the following documents: - the petition "CALL FOR A UNIVERSAL MORATORIUM ON THE DEATH PENALTY" proposed by the World Coalition, in English and French. - The petition "CALL FOR ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY IN LEBANON" conducted by AJEM, in both French and Arabic. - "Facts and Figures" on the death penalty worldwide, proposed by the World Coalition, in English and French - The brochure entitled "the death penalty is inhuman," proposed by the World Coalition, in English and French. - "Facts and Figures" on the death penalty in Lebanon, document produced by AJEM, French and Arabic. - Posters of the 9th World Day against the death penalty The World Coalition in French: "the death penalty is inhumane." - Posters of different projects AJEM (torture, violence and drugs) The signing of petitions was a major success. The Lebanese Association ALEF was also present. The flash mob was able to start around 17h after a few words of Father Hady AYA, president of AJEM. All members and persons AJEM especially present on the occasion of this event, donned white masks, in addition to their shirt, and left to stand in front of AJEM, in procession, the music of "Requiem for a Dream," to place before the Lebanese parliament. All participants hava stayed silenced for 2 minutes before the parliament in protest against the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1189] => Array ( [objectID] => 1896 [title] => Act for Human Rights (ALEF) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-libanaise-pour-leducation-el-la-formation-alef/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/52a7494159529c38b9c69e9946ba4f27_2-300x176.jpg [extrait] => Act for Human Rights previously know as “Association libanaise pour l’éducation et la formation” core mandate is Monitoring and Advocacy. Its main concern are Human Rights issues, thus the organization has been advocating against death penalty. Currently our project activities are the following: Death Penalty Abolition Activities in Lebanon- ALEF – act for human rights […] [texte] => Act for Human Rights previously know as "Association libanaise pour l'éducation et la formation" core mandate is Monitoring and Advocacy. Its main concern are Human Rights issues, thus the organization has been advocating against death penalty. Currently our project activities are the following:Death Penalty Abolition Activities in Lebanon- ALEF - act for human rights1- Competition on the Best Human Rights Defense (Moot Court Simulation)Law students in their 4th year from 2 prominent universities will split up into two teams, to compete against each other in preparing the best human rights defense for a real case of an individual who has been convicted to the capital punishment. The team who will present the best human rights defense will win a “Human Rights Trophy”. ALEF along with the above-mentioned university is also looking into the possibility to turn this activity into an annual competition, in order to engage law students into the practice of international human rights law. (April 2012)2- Media CompetitionUniversity students focusing on media are asked to engage in a competition where they will have to shoot a short clip video showing how cruel and inhumane the death penalty is. A professional jury formed by ALEF will then select the best video that will be awarded with a Cannon eos 550 D camera. (Deadline December 5th 2011)3- Round tableA debate over the issue of religion and the death penalty will be sparkled in this forum where relevant representatives from different confessions and political parties will be invited to see what the challenges and impediments in the abolition of the death penalty in Lebanon are. This debate will be unique in terms of tackling the death penalty issue through religion and sociology, other than legislation and politics. (February 2012)4- Outreach materialThe outreach strategy foresees the distribution of informative material to different groups to raise awareness on the inhumanity of the death penalty and present the objectives of the campaign. The campaign goes under the motto “hangman is not a game” and the variety of the material produced will be branded with the logo of this facebook page: Shot glasses will be to students and youngsters in general in pubs Coasters will be handled to restaurants in order to reach the general public Flyers will be given to people in crowded streets. (October, November & December 2011)a- Leaflets & Pins will be handled to students and faculty staff in 4 prominent universities in Lebanonb- Posters will be given to other NGOs5- GraffitiThis is a new tactic in promoting human rights. 4 graffiti drawings will be created by artists to show the cruelty of the death penalty. These graffiti will be drawn on the walls of the most crowded streets in Beirut. (February, March, April 2012)6- Death Penalty DayOn October 10th, a joint - press conference (Alef-act for human rights, Lebanese Centre for Human Rights (CLDH), European Union, human rights activists) was held at the journalist syndicate in Beirut to raise awareness about the issue of death penalty. On the same day, a peaceful sit was organized in partnership with other NGOs in front of the Lebanese parliament. This last action was broadly covered by the local media. (October 2011)7- Informative presentation at universitiesThe issue of the death penalty in Lebanon and in particular Alef’s campaign will be presented in different sessions in prominent universities. to gain support against the death penalty among students of those universities. (February – March 2012)8- Journalist training in partnership with PRI (Penal Reform International) This training held last October provided journalists with the knowledge and skills needed in order to raise their voices against death penalty through their media outlets.16 journalists and bloggers were trained on using a tool kit to advocate against death penalty. (October 2011)9- Mass SMS campaign In this campaign, 100,000 thousand SMS messages will be sent to mobile phones in Lebanon. 50,000 SMS were sent in the first wave on October 10th (International day against Death Penalty), and 50,000 more will be sent on the 10th of December (International day for human rights). The target audience is selected carefully to include professionals such as doctors and lawyers, and politicians not to mention students from different universities. The message displayed “say no to the death penalty” will be sent along the link to the facebook page and website of the project. (October – December 2011)10- Create a facebook/twitter page In order to reap the benefits of social media and since it is expanding rapidly and involving youth from all over the world, a facebook and twitter page for the project was created. In these pages, all the official news of the project are being published in order to keep the audience updated and aware of the news related to the death penalty in Lebanon and of the activities foreseen in the project. (October 2011) [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1190] => Array ( [objectID] => 1897 [title] => League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/league-of-women-lawyers-of-tajikistan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3a03b911c663a6adc274a60faae567b2_2.jpg [extrait] => The League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan aims at improving the legal consciousness of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, the protection of civil, social, economic and cultural rights of women in Tajikistan, gender equality, improving women’s status in society lawyer, as well as assisting in the preparation of legal training among young girls. League […] [texte] => The League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan aims at improving the legal consciousness of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, the protection of civil, social, economic and cultural rights of women in Tajikistan, gender equality, improving women's status in society lawyer, as well as assisting in the preparation of legal training among young girls. League was created to fulfill and protect the civil and social rights and freedoms of citizens participating in the creation of a sovereign, democratic, secular and unitary state of Tajikistan, through the coordination and implementation of programs and projects aimed at achieving social development, equal access to opportunities for men and women in all spheres of activity, reducing violence against women and assistance to vulnerable populations and risk groups in Tajikistan. For instance, it:• Operates a telephone hotline to provide legal and psychological assistance to the population;• Provides free legal advice and assistance in the forms not prohibited by the laws of the Republic of Tatarstan to women, including mothers of large families, widows, mothers - single, etc.;• Provides protection for victims of violence during the investigation and in court;• Conducted an independent examination of draft laws concerning the rights of women;• Operates on the abolition of the death penalty in Tajikistan• Conduct thematic workshops in all regions of the country to raise the legal consciousness of the population;• Prepares and distributes brochures on women's rights;• Conducted education on child rights in schools in Dushanbe and other cities and districts.• Provides legal assistance to former prisoners.Our organization has been involved in the abolition of the death penalty in Tajikistan since 2000. We hold international conferences and involve government agencies, in particular the Office of the President of Tajikistan. On 17 May 2011, we held an international conference entitled "Central Asia without the death penalty" which was attended by Ruth Dreifuss and Christian Durish Acosta from the International Commission against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tajikistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1191] => Array ( [objectID] => 1898 [title] => Centre d’Observation des Droits de l’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale (CODHAS) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/centre-dobservation-des-droits-de-lhomme-et-dassistance-sociale-codhas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => CODHAS aims to: – Contribute to the defense and promotion of human rights in the province of North Kivu; – Contribute to the promotion of peace and reconciliation; – Contribute to the promotion of gender Art6. Achieving these aims, in particular through the following strategies: – Organization of activities for the extension of Congolese law […] [texte] => CODHAS aims to:- Contribute to the defense and promotion of human rights in the province of North Kivu;- Contribute to the promotion of peace and reconciliation;- Contribute to the promotion of gender Art6.Achieving these aims, in particular through the following strategies:- Organization of activities for the extension of Congolese law and international legal instruments ratified by the Democratic Republic of the Congo;- Collaboration with other national and international organizations for the promotion and defense of human rights and peace;- Organization of capacity building activities of the members of CODHAS and its target population;- Dissemination of experiences in various fields of human rights, peace and gender;- Action of lobbying and advocacy locally, nationally and internationally on various issues concerning human rights;- Provision of medico-legal assistance to girls and women victims of gender violence and victims of torture;- Organization of visits to places of detention.CODHAS works on the death penalty through advocacy with legislators in the DRC, but also in communities, by organizing conferences, debates, radio and television programs. CODHAS also participated in the ninth World Day against the death penalty on 10 October 2011. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1192] => Array ( [objectID] => 1899 [title] => Legal Defence & Assistance Project (LEDAP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/legal-defence-assistance-project-ledap/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LEDAP – Legal Defence & Assistance Project provides legal aid to victims of human rights violations, campaign for abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria, documentation of unlawful killings in Nigeria, support to torture survivors, domestic violence support to victims, legislative advocacy on criminal justice, gender violence, human rights. LEDAP is a member of the […] [texte] => LEDAP - Legal Defence & Assistance Project provides legal aid to victims of human rights violations, campaign for abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria, documentation of unlawful killings in Nigeria, support to torture survivors, domestic violence support to victims, legislative advocacy on criminal justice, gender violence, human rights.LEDAP is a member of the National Death Penalty Group (NDELPEG), a network of NGOs and campaigners for abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria, of the Coalition against Rape in Nigeria, and the Coalition against violence in election. It has Observer status with the African Commision on Human and Peoples Rights. It also works with Advocat Sans Frontieres, Amnesty International and the National Human Rights Commission.Regarding its work on the death penalty, it organized training for journalists and NGOs road walk on October 10 2009, 2010, 2011 on World Day against the use of the death penalty, prepared draft bill for abolition of death penalty, and legal defence for over 40 persons on death row in Nigeria.LEDAP is the West Africa Focal Point of the Coalition on Effective African Court on Human and People's Rights'. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1193] => Array ( [objectID] => 1900 [title] => Center for Constitutional Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/center-for-constitutional-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Center for Constitutional Rights is an American NGO based in New York. The Center for Constitutional Rights is committed to fighting injustice on many fronts, as demonstrated by the breadth of our cases as well as our organizing work. CCR works on a wide range of issues: illegal surveillance and attacks on dissent, Criminal Justice […] [texte] => Center for Constitutional Rights is an American NGO based in New York.The Center for Constitutional Rights is committed to fighting injustice on many fronts, as demonstrated by the breadth of our cases as well as our organizing work. CCR works on a wide range of issues: illegal surveillance and attacks on dissent, Criminal Justice and Mass Incarceration, Corporate Human Rights Abuse, Government Abuse of Power, Racial, Gender and Economic Justice, International Law and Accountability.Main actions:• Litigation• Advocacy• Public education• Media work [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1194] => Array ( [objectID] => 1901 [title] => Kurdistan Human Rights Network [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kurdistan-human-rights-network/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/26547b82497567c1f32c9f261ba7c985_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1195] => Array ( [objectID] => 1902 [title] => Capital Punishment Justice Project (CPJP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/capital-punishment-justice-project-cpjp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ceb0c953e0ab246d797b80d6dd5f4127_2-300x219.jpg [extrait] => Capital Punishment Justice Project – CPJP (formerly known as Reprieve Australia) is an Australian NGO working to assist in the provision of effective legal representation and humanitarian assistance to those facing the death penalty at the hands of the State. CPJP also works to raise awareness of the application of the death penalty by the […] [texte] => Capital Punishment Justice Project - CPJP (formerly known as Reprieve Australia) is an Australian NGO working to assist in the provision of effective legal representation and humanitarian assistance to those facing the death penalty at the hands of the State. CPJP also works to raise awareness of the application of the death penalty by the State and associated Human Rights.Main actions:- Sending volunteers to work overseas, directly assisting those facing the death penalty. This has traditionally been done in the USA, but the NGO is in the process of expanding in South East Asia.- Raising awareness in Australia and conducting campaigns in response to major issues.- Mercy Campaign: mercycampaign.org.au- Keeping a social media presence and a newsletter to their members. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1196] => Array ( [objectID] => 1903 [title] => Save Anthony [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/save-anthony/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Save Anthony is a charity registered under the 1901 French law. It is designed to promote the story and finance the privately retained legal team of Anthony Mungin, sentenced to death and incarcerated at the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida (USA) since February 23rd, 1993. Anthony Mungin has always maintained his innocence for the […] [texte] => Save Anthony is a charity registered under the 1901 French law. It is designed to promote the story and finance the privately retained legal team of Anthony Mungin, sentenced to death and incarcerated at the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida (USA) since February 23rd, 1993. Anthony Mungin has always maintained his innocence for the crime for which he has been sentenced to death.His words:"Since 1993 I have been fighting zealously to stay alive long enough to prove I am innocent of murder. I’ve been compelled to endure this plight without a father, mother nor family support of any kind. I am not deterred by defeats and setbacks, but rather gain new strength from them. I have seen some death row prisoners give up on life with only resigned sigh. Others fight a little, then lose hope. Still others –and I am one of those- never give up. I fight and fight and fight! I fight no matter the cost of battle, the losses I take, the improbability of success. I don’t think it is a question of courage. It’s something constitutional – an inability to let go of life, in which, I have a right to live."Anthony Mungin [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1197] => Array ( [objectID] => 1904 [title] => Confédération générale du travail (CGT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/confederation-generale-du-travail-cgt/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/abb742c61a572407f59b7fc07dd2a103_2.gif [extrait] => The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail – CGT) is based in France and is strong of 690,000 members. It is affiliated to the European Trade Union Confederation and the International Trade Union Confederation and is one of the confederated unions representing France. Through its analysis, proposals and action, it aims at developping […] [texte] => The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail - CGT) is based in France and is strong of 690,000 members. It is affiliated to the European Trade Union Confederation and the International Trade Union Confederation and is one of the confederated unions representing France. Through its analysis, proposals and action, it aims at developping in society the ideals of freedom, equality, justice, secularism, brotherhood and solidarity. These ideals are translated into individual and collective guarantees: the right to education, employment, social protection, the means to live with dignity in the workplace, family and community, freedom of opinion and expression, industrial action, strikes and intervention in social and economic life, in business and in society. At the international level it works in major projects of solidarity and pays particular attention to the logic of sustainable human development. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1198] => Array ( [objectID] => 1905 [title] => International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital Punishment (REPECAP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-academic-network-for-the-abolition-of-capital-punishment-repecap/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4a20519a06e540a2374e2b633776b038_2-300x276.jpg [extrait] => REPECAP was founded in 2009 with the aim of supporting preparations for the creation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty that was created a year later. We represent a non-governmental organization whose purpose is of academic nature for the dissemination of scientific knowledge impartially through its many nodes present at prestigious Universities around […] [texte] => REPECAP was founded in 2009 with the aim of supporting preparations for the creation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty that was created a year later. We represent a non-governmental organization whose purpose is of academic nature for the dissemination of scientific knowledge impartially through its many nodes present at prestigious Universities around the world. It also seeks to highlight the fact that capital punishment is an act of cruelty intolerable to the international community and its elimination is linked with the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.Kind of actions: Congress, seminars, teaching, publishing.Membership of the organization: Max Planck Institute, Irish Centre of Human Rights, Instituto nacional de ciencias penales, Institute of Economic Criminal Law & European Law University Coimbra, College de France, ...Composition of the board: William Schabas, Cherif Bassiouni, Mireille Delmas - Marty, Hans Joerg Albrecht, Ulrich Sieber, Kanako Takayama, Peter Hodgkinson, Anabela Miranda Rodriguez, Sergio Garcia Ramirez, Paloma Biglino Campos, Eduardo Vetere, Luis Arroyo Zapatero, Silvia Steiner, Stefano Manacorda, Sandra Babcock [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1199] => Array ( [objectID] => 1906 [title] => Civil Rights and Social Justice Society (CRSJS) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/civil-rights-and-social-justice-society-crsjs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7914429d6cfb0b2545912b654c44a0e5_2-262x300.jpg [extrait] => The Civil Rights and Social Justice Society (CRSJS) is a human rights NGO registered under the Travancore Cochin, Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act, 1955 in Kerala State, India in the year 1997. The members of CRSJS are persons committed to the promotion and protection of human rights in all spheres. However the main […] [texte] => The Civil Rights and Social Justice Society (CRSJS) is a human rights NGO registered under the Travancore Cochin, Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act, 1955 in Kerala State, India in the year 1997.The members of CRSJS are persons committed to the promotion and protection of human rights in all spheres. However the main area of focus of the Society is on the police atrocities in Kerala state, India. The Society has been regularly conducting awareness campaigns, seminars, workshops etc. It also renders free legal aid and financial assistance to the victims of human rights violations in Kerala state, India. CRSJS has taken up many a worthy cause with the National and State Human Rights Commissions and in the courts with successful results. CRSJS also focuses on creating awareness about human rights at the grass roots level. It partners with the YHRI – India (Youth for Human Rights International –India) in Kerala state, India and conducts the International Walk for Human Rights in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala state, India on the World Human Rights Day -10th December every year.CRSJS is also associated with the Save Sharmila Solidarity Campaign (SSSC); a nationwide campaign to ensure justice to the Manipuri Poetess and human rights activist Ms. Irom Sharmila who has been on a 12 year old hunger strike to withdraw the Armed Forces Special Powers Act from her homeland and has been actively coordinating its activities in Kerala State, India.The Rajiv Gandhi Literacy Fund (RGLF) which is owned and managed by CRSJS gives financial assistance to a few under privileged children for their education.CRSJS believes that Capital Punishment is a sin against humanity and a reprehensible crime and longs for the day when this scourge is finally eradicated from India and the world.CRSJS depends solely on the funds mobilized from its members and has an undeclared policy of not accepting contributions from non members and funding agencies which has been strictly adhered to ever since its inception in 1997. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1200] => Array ( [objectID] => 1907 [title] => Quaker United Nations Office, Geneva [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/quaker-united-nations-office-geneva/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9b106b67906310a3ebcf5e2b50ed71ec_2.jpg [extrait] => The Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) serves as a Quaker presence at the United Nations (UN) in Geneva and New York. QUNO represents Quaker concerns at the international level, under the auspices of the Friends World Committee for Consultation (Quakers), the international Quaker body which has General Consultative Status with the UN. In addition to […] [texte] => The Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) serves as a Quaker presence at the United Nations (UN) in Geneva and New York. QUNO represents Quaker concerns at the international level, under the auspices of the Friends World Committee for Consultation (Quakers), the international Quaker body which has General Consultative Status with the UN.In addition to representing Quakers, QUNO facilitates dialogue and works on specific issues in a manner that is unusual in the UN community. QUNO advocacy is carried out in a number of ways, particularly by facilitating informal, open processes in which all participate on an equal footing. QUNO staff work with people in the UN, multilateral organisations, government delegations and non-governmental organisations to achieve changes in international law and practice.QUNO’s work is based on the Quaker belief in the innate worth of every person. Quakers have long been active on criminal justice issues and have a pro-abolitionist history on capital punishment that spans over three centuries. QUNO’s recent work has focussed on children of prisoners. QUNO is currently investigating the impacts on children of having a parent sentenced to death or executed, something which is rarely considered.Watch the video about this new project! [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1201] => Array ( [objectID] => 1908 [title] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for the Promotion of Human Rights and Democracy in Iran [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/abdorrahman-boroumand-foundation-for-the-promotion-of-human-rights-and-democracy-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7e762778174e40ed9d148fdc8627d5be_2.png [extrait] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Center previously know as Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation Mandate and goals : Promoting universal human rights in Iran and documenting the violation of the right to life in the Islamic Republic of Iran Kind of actions : Creation of an online memorial to the victims of the violation of the right to life in […] [texte] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Center previously know as Abdorrahman Boroumand FoundationMandate and goals :Promoting universal human rights in Iran and documenting the violation of the right to life in the Islamic Republic of IranKind of actions :Creation of an online memorial to the victims of the violation of the right to life in Iran and creation of a virtual library promoting human rightsABC previously know as Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation is currently working on a multimedia campaign against death penalty in Iran. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1202] => Array ( [objectID] => 1909 [title] => The Death Penalty Project (DPP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-death-penalty-project-dpp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/030b040946f7d6124f7a781569f56410_2.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project is an international legal action charity, based in London, working to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty. We provide free legal representation to death row prisoners around the world, with a focus on Commonwealth countries, to highlight miscarriages of justice and breaches of human rights. […] [texte] => The Death Penalty Project is an international legal action charity, based in London, working to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty.We provide free legal representation to death row prisoners around the world, with a focus on Commonwealth countries, to highlight miscarriages of justice and breaches of human rights. We also assist other vulnerable prisoners, including juveniles, those who suffer from mental health issues and prisoners serving long-term sentences.For more than three decades, our work has played a critical role in identifying miscarriages of justice, promoting minimum fair-trial guarantees in capital cases, and in establishing violations of domestic and international law. Through our legal work, the application of the death penalty has been restricted in many countries in line with international human rights standards.To complement our legal activities, we conduct capacity building activities for members of the judiciary, defence lawyers and prosecutors; commission studies on criminal justice and human rights issues relating to the death penalty; and engage in dialogue with governments and key stakeholders to promote informed debate. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1203] => Array ( [objectID] => 1910 [title] => Lebanese Association for Civil Rights (LACR) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lebanese-association-for-civil-rights-lacr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/babcdeb92cd8dc8c4a5943e951d4167d_2-300x147.jpg [extrait] => The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights – LACR was founded in 2003 as a continuation of an action experienced since 1983 by two pioneers of the culture of non-violence in Lebanon and the Arab world: Walid Slaybi and Ogarit Younan. They are both writers, researchers, sociologists, pioneers of active training in Lebanon and grassroots activists. […] [texte] => The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights - LACR was founded in 2003 as a continuation of an action experienced since 1983 by two pioneers of the culture of non-violence in Lebanon and the Arab world: Walid Slaybi and Ogarit Younan. They are both writers, researchers, sociologists, pioneers of active training in Lebanon and grassroots activists. Dr. Younan and Dr. Slaybi were also the founders in 1997 of the National Coalition/Campaign to Abolish the death penalty, which brings together 70 associations and parties and dozens of individuals. They also accompanied the World Coalition the World Congress for the abolition since their debut in 2001.Recognized for its innovative expertise in the field of active training and non-violent direct action, LACR works for civil peace, citizenship and change the confessional system, socio-economic and political rights, humanistic education, and justice. LACR is a member of several local, regional and international networks, three of which were initiated and coordinated by it. It is also the objective of LACR to found other movements and institutions working together for the same values as the overall project, including: Non-violent homes in villages (BILAD; educational nuclei anchored at the heart of communities) young Citizens Non-denominational Non-violent (CHAML; political action movement), Mothers for civil peace (UMAHAT), Non-violence Without Borders for the Arab world (regional network), and the Academic University for Non -violence and Human Rights in the Arab World (AUNOHR) with nine specializations at Master level. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1204] => Array ( [objectID] => 1911 [title] => Inmates’Voices [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/inmatesvoices/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/82b324d8fcd777ef36d863c124144bdf_2-300x160.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1205] => Array ( [objectID] => 1912 [title] => Catholic Commission for Social Justice (CCSJ) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/catholic-commission-for-social-justice-ccsj/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : To be a fearless united voice challenging injustice, awakening social consciousness and fostering integral development. We strive for this through: Social Justice Education and Advocacy; Promoting people-centred development, and; Working for the transformation of inequitable structures and systems Kind of actions : Promote and create opportunities, structures and programmes to achieve […] [texte] => Mandate and goals :To be a fearless united voice challenging injustice, awakening social consciousness and fostering integral development. We strive for this through: Social Justice Education and Advocacy; Promoting people-centred development, and; Working for the transformation of inequitable structures and systemsKind of actions :Promote and create opportunities, structures and programmes to achieve social justice; Educate the people of God in values and virtuous living; Raise awareness of the wider community of the social teaching of the Catholic Church; Promote pro-life ministry; Raise awareness of our responsibility as stewards of CreationActions aiming at the abolition of the death penalty:- Co Sponsor of the International Conference on the Death Penalty to be held October 1, 2013 at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago;- Media Releases- Prayer Vigils- Seminars [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1206] => Array ( [objectID] => 1913 [title] => Chaml (Non-Violent Non-Sectarian Lebanese Citizenly Youth) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/chaml-non-violent-non-sectarian-lebanese-citizenly-youth/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7136ca75ff04bb1fbf3c3030c40017bc_2-300x114.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : Spread the culture of non-violence, non-sectarianism and human rights and advocate for political/legal change that is relevant to our values. We have five principles: Non-sectarianism, Non-violence, Justice, Democracy, and Sovereignty. Kind of actions : – Raise awareness, protest, and lobby to pass the Lebanese Personal Status law – Document sectarian hate […] [texte] => Mandate and goals :Spread the culture of non-violence, non-sectarianism and human rights and advocate for political/legal change that is relevant to our values. We have five principles: Non-sectarianism, Non-violence, Justice, Democracy, and Sovereignty.Kind of actions :- Raise awareness, protest, and lobby to pass the Lebanese Personal Status law- Document sectarian hate speech and file legal charges against politicians who are guilty of such speech- Educate hundreds of youth on the values of non-violence and non-sectarianism through workshops- Protest to support labor rights, women rights, electoral reforms, civil rights and social rights- Protest to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon in addition to visiting inmates on death row inside Lebanese prisons in order to include them in the efforts to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon.Actions aiming at the abolition of the death penalty:We have taken part in many national conferences aiming at abolishing the death penalty. We have also organized and given several trainings on the subject to many young people. Additionally, we have organized and implemented a direct action (theatrical protest) at the Saudi embassy in Lebanon on the same day we heard that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was planning to execute a Lebanese national on charges of sorcery. Our most recent action was participation in a protest/march with LACR and AJEM on the international day to abolish the death penalty on 10 October 2012 - The march headed to both the ministry of justice and the headquarters of the military court to remind the pubic and demand those in charge of our demands to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon.Chaml is also a member of the national coalition for abolishing the death penalty in Lebanon. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1207] => Array ( [objectID] => 1914 [title] => Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo (GAM) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/grupo-de-apoyo-mutuo-gam/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d4a51c54007bb81ea3547e775b8a08d1_2.jpg [extrait] => Mandate and goals: Organization of relatives of missing persons illegally detained which works for justice, investigating past cases, opening legal proceedings against the national system and the human rights system. Kind of actions: We work for justice, for the strengthening of the institutions linked to the criminal investigation and against the death penalty. Actions aiming […] [texte] => Mandate and goals:Organization of relatives of missing persons illegally detained which works for justice, investigating past cases, opening legal proceedings against the national system and the human rights system.Kind of actions:We work for justice, for the strengthening of the institutions linked to the criminal investigation and against the death penalty.Actions aiming at the abolition of the death penalty:We conduct lobbying at the Congress of the Republic, awareness campaigns, agreements with universities to promote fighting the death penalty among law students and lobbying judges to eradicate this practice in our country. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1208] => Array ( [objectID] => 1875 [title] => Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi e degli Odontoiatri di Firenze [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordine-provinciale-dei-medici-chirurgi-e-degli-odontoiatri-di-firenze/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/835bad3e79168f1db173211548a54cec_2.gif [extrait] => The Provincial Order of Doctors, Surgeons and Dentists in Florence is a member of the World Coalition. [texte] => The Provincial Order of Doctors, Surgeons and Dentists in Florence is amember of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1209] => Array ( [objectID] => 1876 [title] => Organisation Marocaine des Droits Humains [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/organisation-marocaine-des-droits-humains/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9fb0c9e667f6e9dc8239664fddbd3acc_2.jpg [extrait] => The Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH) aims to diffuse and deepen the awareness of individual and collective human rights in socio-economic, cultural, civil and political matters. Working with other Moroccan, Arabic, African and international organisations, it organises conferences, debates, research, investigations and exhibitions as well as a video competition on human rights. The OMDH […] [texte] => The Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH) aims to diffuse and deepen the awareness of individual and collective human rights in socio-economic, cultural, civil and political matters.Working with other Moroccan, Arabic, African and international organisations, it organises conferences, debates, research, investigations and exhibitions as well as a video competition on human rights. The OMDH creates specialised documentation, publishes reports and helps victims of human rights’ violations.The OMDH is mainly composed of lawyers, academics, journalists, doctors, professionals and civil servants. It has branches in 12 major Moroccan cities and continues its expansion across other cities of the kingdom. The organisation supports the project for an inter-Arab coalition against the death penalty. Its president, AminaBouayach, chaired a discussion on this subject during the 3rd World Congress against the death penalty in Paris in February 2007. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1210] => Array ( [objectID] => 1877 [title] => Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture (OMCT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/organisation-mondiale-contre-la-torture-omct/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e02f6c249d3b031617dcaf59e8af9997_2-300x181.jpg [extrait] => The OMCT is an independent, non-partisan, non-sectarian, Swiss international non-governmental organisation, founded in Geneva in 1985. It is today the leading global civil society network against torture including more than 200 local member organisations operating in over 90 countries around the world. Driven by the needs of its SOS-Torture Network members, the OMCT engages in […] [texte] => The OMCT is an independent, non-partisan, non-sectarian, Swiss international non-governmental organisation, founded in Geneva in 1985. It is today the leading global civil society network against torture including more than 200 local member organisations operating in over 90 countries around the world. Driven by the needs of its SOS-Torture Network members, the OMCT engages in all areas of anti-torture work, including prevention, accountability and assistance and protection for torture victims and Human Rights Defenders (HRDs).The organisation's International Secretariat is based in Geneva, with offices in Tunis and Brussels. The OMCT is a board member of the European Human Rights Defenders protection mechanism. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1211] => Array ( [objectID] => 1878 [title] => Palestinian Center for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/palestinian-center-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b5aaa376d2de47905404cf788eca1b55_2.gif [extrait] => The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) is an independent Palestinian human rights organisation based in Gaza City. It enjoys Consultative Status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations and is an affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists (Geneva), the International Federation for Human Rights (Paris), the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (Copenhagen) and the […] [texte] => The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) is an independent Palestinian human rights organisation based in Gaza City. It enjoys Consultative Status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations and is an affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists (Geneva), the International Federation for Human Rights (Paris), the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (Copenhagen) and the Arab Organisation for Human Rights (Cairo).PCHR was established by a group of Palestinian lawyers and human rights activists to:- protect human rights and promote the rule of law in accordance with international standards;- create and develop democratic institutions and an active civil society, while promoting democratic culture within Palestinian society;- support all the efforts aimed at enabling the Palestinian people to exercise its inalienable rights in regard to self-determination and independence in accordance withinternational law and UN resolutions.The work of the Centre is conducted through documentation and investigation of human rights violations, provision of legal aid and counselling for individuals and groups, and preparation of research articles relevant to such issues as the human rights situation and the rule of law. PCHR also provides comments on Palestinian draft laws and urges the adoption of legislation that incorporates international human rights standards and basic democratic principles.Following the first executions carried out by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in 2005, PCHR stated that capital punishment is an inadequate response to the disintegration of law and order within the areas under the control of the PNA. The Centre condemns the death penalty, irrelevant of the justification provided for imposing it, and holds that the right to life is sacrosanct. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1212] => Array ( [objectID] => 1879 [title] => People of Faith Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/people-of-faith-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/37b3c05ba771adf0179e823a8842c7ae_2.gif [extrait] => People of Faith Against the Death Penalty (PFADP) is a nongovernmental organisation whose mission is to educate and mobilise faith communities to act to abolish the death penalty in the United States. Founded in 1994 in North Carolina, PFADP focuses its programs on organising among faith communities in the Southern United States, where most executions […] [texte] => People of Faith Against the Death Penalty (PFADP) is a nongovernmental organisation whose mission is to educate and mobilise faith communities to act to abolish the death penalty in the United States. Founded in 1994 in North Carolina, PFADP focuses its programs on organising among faith communities in the Southern United States, where most executions in the United States happen.PFADP's members include Christians, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, and people from other faith traditions. PFADP was founded on a vision of promoting the ethic of restorative justice, seeking to address the needs of the community, victims and offenders. FADP has organised hundreds of community forums and special events on the death penalty. PFADP's NC Moratorium Now campaign led to more than 1,000 North Carolina churches, businesses, and congregations passing resolutions for a moratorium on executions, including resolutions by 39 local governments.This campaign also led to the NC Senate becoming the first legislative body in the American South to call for a temporary halt to executions. PFADP's work is supported by individual member contributions and donations from congregations. PFADP is proud to be a member of the World Coalition against the death penalty and encourages World Coalition members to become involved in PFADP's efforts in the Southern United States. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1213] => Array ( [objectID] => 1880 [title] => Puerto Rican Coalition Against Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/puerto-rican-coalition-against-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0367379925f1efc82d2db04096f0b159_2.gif [extrait] => The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty (PCADP) is a non-party, non-sectarian organisation incorporated in Puerto Rico in March 2005 to promote the elimination of the capital punishment.The PCADP aims to join efforts among the different abolitionist organisations and activists in Puerto Rico. Its Statement of Principles emphasises that it does not believe in […] [texte] => The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty (PCADP) is a non-party, non-sectarian organisation incorporated in Puerto Rico in March 2005 to promote the elimination of the capital punishment.The PCADP aims to join efforts among the different abolitionist organisations and activists in Puerto Rico. Its Statement of Principles emphasises that it does not believe in the impunity of a crime and identifies with the pain of the families of both the victims and the accused. It rejects the death penalty inside and outside Puerto Rico.The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a Spanish-speaking archipelago of 4 million inhabitants, has been under US sovereignty since 1898. It has its own Constitution and laws, which are subordinated to the US federal legislation. Puerto Rican abolitionists opposed the US-imposed death penalty from the early 20th century. They obtained a four-year moratorium in 1917. The last execution took place in 1927 and the Puerto Rican legislature abolished the death penalty in 1929.Today, Puerto Rico is the only territory under US sovereignty to have included the abolition of capital punishment in its constitution. However, the Federal Death Penalty Act and the Federal Extradition Act apply to Puerto Rico, exposing Puerto Ricans to death sentences. Moreover, a Puerto Rican was sentenced to death and executed in Florida in 2006, and others risk the death penalty in other parts of the US.The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty aims at excluding Puerto Rico from the scope of the Federal Death Penalty Act, as is the case for other federal laws. It also intends to mark its opposition in every case in which death penalty certification is to be requested by federal prosecutors in Puerto Rico.The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty has been a member of the World Coalition since 2006. It has launched a campaign to form a Caribbean abolitionist network to join forces with other abolitionist groups, either in retentionist or abolitionist countries of the region. As of June 2007, the PCADP was composed of more than 40 religious, political, student, community, labor union, professional, and human rights advocacy organisations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1214] => Array ( [objectID] => 1882 [title] => Ville de Braine-l’Alleud [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ville-de-braine-lalleud/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/336c8513d9f28ffaa965a2a9e40c4328_2.jpg [extrait] => The town of Brain-l’Alleud is located in Brabant wallon in the Hain valley, about twenty kilometres from Brussels. It has 37,000 inhabitants. Previously the site of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, today the town welcomes much more peaceful activities, including a large number of NGOS and in particular an Amnesty International group and the […] [texte] => The town of Brain-l’Alleud is located in Brabant wallon in the Hain valley, about twenty kilometres from Brussels. It has 37,000 inhabitants. Previously the site of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, today the town welcomes much more peaceful activities, including a large number of NGOS and in particular an Amnesty International group and the Coalition for Truth and Justice (CFTJ), which argues against the death penalty in the southern states of the United States. Following a proposal by Myriam Stubbe, the driving force behind the CFTJ, Vincent Scourneau, the Burgomaster (mayor) of Braine-l’Alleud and a lawyer and fervent abolitionist, obtained permission from the town council for its membership of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Since then, the town and CFTJ have together raised awareness with the wider public. Myriam Stubbe, who travels to the United States twice a year to meet death-sentence prisoners, lawyers and American abolitionists, gives talks to high school and university students in the region.Abolitionist events (conferences, concerts, etc.) are also regularly held in Braine-l’Alleud and particularly on the World Day Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1215] => Array ( [objectID] => 1883 [title] => Ville de Dijon [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ville-de-dijon/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a0df96a41a92791c2b202061a62d4554_2.jpg [extrait] => The City of Dijon, France, is a member of the World Coalition. [texte] => The City of Dijon, France, is a member of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1216] => Array ( [objectID] => 1884 [title] => National Lawyers Guild (NLG) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/national-lawyers-guild-nlg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c1bcb58639a0add70d94676cb22c66d6_2.gif [extrait] => The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) is an association dedicated to the need for basic and progressive change in the structure of the US political and economic system. It seeks to unite the lawyers, law students, legal workers and jailhouse lawyers of America in an organization that shall function as an effective political and social force […] [texte] => The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) is an association dedicated to the need for basic and progressive change in the structure of the US political and economic system. It seeks to unite the lawyers, law students, legal workers and jailhouse lawyers of America in an organization that shall function as an effective political and social force in the service of the people, to the end that human rights shall be regarded as more sacred than property interests.Their aim is to bring together all those who recognize the importance of safeguarding and extending the rights of workers, women, farmers, people with disabilities and people of colour, upon whom the welfare of the entire nation depends; who seek actively to eliminate racism; who work to maintain and protect our civil rights and liberties in the face of persistent attacks upon them; and who look upon the law as an instrument for the protection of the people, rather than for their repression.The Guild was the first racially integrated bar association in the US and gave legal support to the 1960s civil rights movement. It opposed US military action in the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. The NLG provides legal support for anti-globalisation, environmental and labour rights activists. It focuses on the case of death row prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal to advocate the abolition of the death penalty.The Guild organises the Law Student Day Against the Death Penalty once a year. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1217] => Array ( [objectID] => 1885 [title] => Observatoire Marocain des Prisons [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/observatoire-marocain-des-prisons/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7212e8e9aa50cf3603aacbd13814500a_2.jpg [extrait] => L’Observatoire marocain des prisons (OMP) is an independent non-governmental organisation created by human rights activists to protect and promote the rights of prisoners. It monitors prison conditions in Morocco, provides legal assistance to prisoners and runs a research, information and advocacy centre for more humane prisons. The OMP considers that the dignity and physical and […] [texte] => L'Observatoire marocain des prisons (OMP) is an independent non-governmental organisation created by human rights activists to protect and promote the rights of prisoners. It monitors prison conditions in Morocco, provides legal assistance to prisoners and runs a research, information and advocacy centre for more humane prisons.The OMP considers that the dignity and physical and moral integrity of Moroccan prisoners are flouted, in contempt of national and international law. It particularly criticises overcrowding, the lack of hygiene, malnutrition and poor access to healthcare, all of which are preventing prisons from fulfilling their mission of re-education and social rehabilitation. The OMP aims to ensure both that the rights of prisoners already enshrined in legislation are respected and to improve current texts.To this end, it seeks to raise awareness of the problems in prisons among managers and the general public. Its work includes visiting prisons and running humanitarian programmes with prisoners, publishing documents which analyse legislation and the problems facing prisons, and organising conferences on this topic. Moroccan civil, military and anti-terrorist legislation provides for the death penalty in 361 cases. The OMP receives complaints from prisoners sentenced to death about recurrent breaches of their rights (loss of visiting rights, isolation, the behaviour of some staff, etc.) It considers that capital punishment is a violation of the right to life and “legal murder”, and contributes to the abolitionist cause, in particular as a member of the Moroccan and World coalition against the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1218] => Array ( [objectID] => 1888 [title] => Avocats Sans Frontières France [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/avocats-sans-frontieres-france/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/08137a16559a23a38f2e465c1f0ba355_2.gif [extrait] => The mandate and objectives of Avocats Sans Frontières France are: 1. Defending lawyers and defenders of human rights subject to threats or attacks of any kind because of their exercise professional; 2. Contribute to the effective implementation of human rights, universally recognized for ensuring the acces to any private person to a free and independent […] [texte] => The mandate and objectives of Avocats Sans Frontières France are:1. Defending lawyers and defenders of human rights subject to threats or attacks of any kind because of their exercise professional;2. Contribute to the effective implementation of human rights, universally recognized for ensuring the acces to any private person to a free and independent lawyer;3. To work wherever this is useful and necessary the establishment and strengthening of the rule of law, the institution judiciary and especially the right to receive a fair trial and an effective defense.For this purpose, it uses all means at its disposal and can seize any national institution or international law or non-judicial, and respond to them, including through the civil party before the competent courtsAny proposed action by Avocats Sans Frontières France is justified and is focused in at least one of four following areas:Axis 1: Emergency defense for human rights defenders and of victims of the gravest injustices;Axis 2: Protection and enhancement of the free exercise of legal profession for the benefit of vulnerable people;Axis 3: Access to the law and equal justice for vulnerable people;Axis 4: Capacity building and empowerment of local actors of justice;Transversal axis: Advocacy [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1219] => Array ( [objectID] => 1889 [title] => Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/rescue-alternatives-liberia-ral/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Being the forerunner of prisoners’ rights and anti-torture and death penalty in Liberia, we have the vision that the Liberian society will adheres to: 1. The tenets of human rights, rule of law and democracy for all people; 2. Active citizens’ participation in national and local governance; and 3. Rehabilitation of survivals of torture, violence […] [texte] => Being the forerunner of prisoners’ rights and anti-torture and death penaltyin Liberia, we have the vision that the Liberian society will adheres to:1. The tenets of human rights, rule of law and democracy forall people;2. Active citizens’ participation in national and localgovernance; and3. Rehabilitation of survivals of torture, violence and drugs.The Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) serves the Liberian society byproviding alternatives to enhancing Human Rights, Rule of Law, Peace andDemocracy Building, and victims’ recovery.RAL engages in:Prison monitoring, violations decumenting and reporting; Advocacy on the abolition of torture and death penalty; rehabilitating victims of torture, human rights issues events in schools and forums, etc... [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1220] => Array ( [objectID] => 1890 [title] => ACAT Deutschland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-deutschland/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c69e11809a290048b9459b3caeb9c8e4_2-186x300.jpg [extrait] => The objective of Aktion der Christen für die Abschaffung der Folter (ACAT Deutschland) is to fight against torture and the death penalty. They issue: urgent Appeals, petitions and caimpaign for raising awarness on human rights issues (schools, forums…). [texte] => The objective of Aktion der Christen für die Abschaffung der Folter (ACAT Deutschland) is to fight against torture and the death penalty. They issue: urgent Appeals, petitions and caimpaign for raising awarness on human rights issues (schools, forums...). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1221] => Array ( [objectID] => 1891 [title] => Think Centre [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/think-centre/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6e193f5f6931ad65d104e87e8e8b5df5_2.jpg [extrait] => Think Centre aims to critically examine issues related to political development, democracy, rule of law, human rights and civil society. They conduct research, campaigns on public awareness. They issue urgent appeals and work by networking and reporting to the UN Human Rights bodies. [texte] => Think Centre aims to critically examine issues related to political development, democracy, rule of law, human rights and civil society. They conduct research, campaigns on public awareness. They issue urgent appeals and work by networking and reporting to the UN Human Rights bodies. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1222] => Array ( [objectID] => 1892 [title] => Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Research Center [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/japan-innocence-and-death-penalty-research-center/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/84c79f1b65089ee8650b311393290935_2.png [extrait] => The JIADEP mission is to assist those who have been wrongfully incarcerated and sentenced to death, and to educate the public on the tragedies of criminal justice in Japan by lecturing, writing, and demonstrating. [texte] => The JIADEP mission is to assist those who have been wrongfully incarcerated and sentenced to death, and to educate the public on the tragedies of criminal justice in Japan by lecturing, writing, and demonstrating. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1223] => Array ( [objectID] => 1893 [title] => Witness to Innocence [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/witness-to-innocence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4e0b54d90a267b34b78026065e48874a_2-300x70.png [extrait] => The mission of Witness to Innocence (WTI) is to unite U.S. exonerated death row survivors and their loved ones to become a powerful force for social justice and transformation. WTI seeks to abolish the death penalty, to reform the U.S. criminal justice system to prevent wrongful convictions, and to secure fair financial compensation and social […] [texte] => The mission of Witness to Innocence (WTI) is to unite U.S. exonerated death row survivors and their loved ones to become a powerful force for social justice and transformation.WTI seeks to abolish the death penalty, to reform the U.S. criminal justice system to prevent wrongful convictions, and to secure fair financial compensation and social services for all U.S. exonerated death row survivors.WTI brings together U.S. exonerated death row survivors and their loved ones to provide mutual peer support and to nurture a community of healing in the aftermath of the death row experience. WTI participates in marches, rallies, freedom rides and conferences. Further, our exonerees speak before audiences throughout the country tell their stories, and to raise awareness about the death penalty. In key states, WTI partners work with local death penalty abolitionist organizations and provides support to enable them to meet their goals. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1224] => Array ( [objectID] => 1894 [title] => Children Education Society (CHESO) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/children-education-society-cheso/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The mandate of Children Education Society (CHESO) is: – To combat causes of most vulnerable children including children’s rights violations, poor governance, HIV/AIDS, poverty, climate change and reinforce realization of the children’s right to education -To eliminate bad policies and laws subjecting children to vulnerability – To end human rights violations subjecting children to vulnerability […] [texte] => The mandate of Children Education Society (CHESO) is:- To combat causes of most vulnerable children including children’s rights violations, poor governance, HIV/AIDS, poverty, climate change and reinforce realization of the children’s right to education-To eliminate bad policies and laws subjecting children to vulnerability- To end human rights violations subjecting children to vulnerability- To ensure children’s voices are heard and acted upon- To promote good governance and the rule of law- To promote and protect children’s rights- To support children and their households to obtain redress of their violated rights through court and non-court processes- To support child victims of bad policies, laws and human rights violations to realize their fundamental right to educationTo do so, CHESO:- Conducts research and produces awareness materials (Research reports, booklets, T-shirts, burners, brochures etc)- Conducts awareness raising events to government and political leaders- Conducts awareness raising events in schools- Conducts advocacy events to demand a change through organizing peaceful matches, round table discussions and press conferences- Establishes and operationalizes community educators and monitors- Conducts awareness raising to the general public by Airing TV and Radio ProgrammesRegarding our work on the death penalty, our organization has conducted awareness raising on children rights in schools including a need for abolition of death penalty in Tanzania.We also plan to conduct awareness raising sessions to teachers with students aged 14 to 18 years against death penalty, debates in schools with students aged 14 to 18 years. We plan to conduct ministerial round table discussion to reach to them, voices of the students against death penalty and we plan to mobilize students aged 14 to 18 years to commemorate the world day against death penalty through debates, peaceful matches and roundtable discussions with policy and law makers. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1225] => Array ( [objectID] => 1855 [title] => Comitato Paul Rougeau [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/comitato-paul-rougeau/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/27bc94d9420d059bdf419f6bfb03e87d_2.gif [extrait] => Paul Rougeau was sentenced to death in Texas for the murder of an off-duty policeman. He always maintained he was innocent. In 1992, after he had spent 15 years on death row, the Italian newspaper Il Manifesto printed a letter by Paul Rougeau on its front page. A group of Italian citizens then decided to […] [texte] => Paul Rougeau was sentenced to death in Texas for the murder of an off-duty policeman. He always maintained he was innocent. In 1992, after he had spent 15 years on death row, the Italian newspaper Il Manifesto printed a letter by Paul Rougeau on its front page.A group of Italian citizens then decided to form a committee to help him and soon received support from over 500 members around the world. The Committee maintained a correspondence with Paul Rougeau and hired an attorney to defend him. Despite several appeals and strong public mobilisation, Paul Rougeau was executed two years later.At his request, the Committee took up the case of other death row inmates, such as Joe Cannon and Gary Graham.The Committee keeps supporting death row inmates in the United States through correspondence and legal assistance. It organises abolitionist events in Italy, such as public speeches and educational activities about human rights and the death penalty in schools. It has published four books; it exchanges information through the Internet and circulates a monthly bulletin in Italian with articles and updates about the death penalty.The Paul Rougeau Committee also helps and supports small groups and individuals who correspond with death row inmates in the United States. It cooperates with several organizations engaged in the defence of human rights and for the abolition of the death penalty, starting with Amnesty International. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1226] => Array ( [objectID] => 1856 [title] => Comité des Observateurs des Droits de l’Homme (CODHO) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/comite-des-observateurs-des-droits-de-lhomme-codho/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cf501d40e522fc6cf90e81695162ecb2_2.gif [extrait] => On 1 July 1997 a group of lawyers, economists and political scientists from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) held a meeting following the massacre of children by militiamen in North Kivu in the east of the country. Revolted by this unspoken tragedy, they decided to set up the Committee of Human Rights Monitors (Codho). […] [texte] => On 1 July 1997 a group of lawyers, economists and political scientists from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) held a meeting following the massacre of children by militiamen in North Kivu in the east of the country. Revolted by this unspoken tragedy, they decided to set up the Committee of Human Rights Monitors (Codho).Since then, Codho has been fighting against impunity. Together with the judiciary, UN mechanisms and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, it helps victims of human rights violations lodge complaints.Codho also fights against the death penalty and torture. The DRC has not yet abolished capital punishment and the Committee works to raise awareness among the majority of the population which still supports the death penalty, mainly out of ignorance. Taking concrete cases as examples, the Committee demonstrates the ineptitude of this punishment through television programmes and meetings with local groups (churches, youth clubs, etc.), including in the most remote provinces.“After the murder of 11 journalists in Kivu, we explained that sentencing the murderers to death would mean the soldiers and politicians who had manipulated them going free. People often change their minds”, commented N’Sii Luanda, President of Codho.Aware that, more than anything else, the legal world needs a law to break with the death penalty, Codho is pressuring parliamentarians to abolish it. It also follows trials where the accused risk being sentenced to death, gives medical, legal and social assistance to victims of torture, and works with local authorities to improve their governance. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1227] => Array ( [objectID] => 1857 [title] => REPRODEVH-Niger [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reprodevh-niger/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/699a4e1cc24916dd12a695e81d34a540_2-300x202.jpg [extrait] => Created in 2011 by young people and structures concerned with defending human rights, the Progress and Humanitarian Development Network of Niger is a collective of NGOs/ADs whose aim is to defend democracy and good governance, through the promotion of health, education, human dignity for all, the fight against the death penalty, torture and all related […] [texte] => Created in 2011 by young people and structures concerned with defending human rights, the Progress and Humanitarian Development Network of Niger is a collective of NGOs/ADs whose aim is to defend democracy and good governance, through the promotion of health, education, human dignity for all, the fight against the death penalty, torture and all related offences. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1228] => Array ( [objectID] => 1858 [title] => Conférence Internationale des Barreaux [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/conference-internationale-des-barreaux/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e6878fbdae434bfd0efeb2a24135a130_2.gif [extrait] => The International Bar Association Conference (Conférence internationale des barreaux – CIB) was founded by representatives of 24 bar associations of countries that share both the French language and a common judicial tradition. It is now composed of 83 members. The CIB’s objective is to create a cooperation structure between them. It groups together associations that […] [texte] => The International Bar Association Conference (Conférence internationale des barreaux - CIB) was founded by representatives of 24 bar associations of countries that share both the French language and a common judicial tradition. It is now composed of 83 members.The CIB’s objective is to create a cooperation structure between them. It groups together associations that assert an ideal of independence and whose directors are democratically designated by the lawyers themselves. Lawyers can also join on an individual basis and participate in its activities.The CIB organises two to three training sessions for lawyers in its member countries annually. It organises exchanges of interns between its members and has enabled more than 150 young African lawyers to follow an apprenticeship with the law school and firms in Paris.The CIB sends observers or helps local lawyers during sensitive cases and lends support to bar associations in the process of being founded or in difficulty. It is a member of the Agence de la francophonie (Agency for the French-Speaking Community) and sponsored the founding of Avocats sans frontières (Lawyers without borders).While respecting their autonomy, the conference aims to help these bar associations in their work to develop the rule of law in their respective countries. It aims to make the concept of the universal character of human rights and, in particular, the rights of the defence, a reality.During its 17th congress in Dakar in 2002, the CIB adopted a resolution requiring its members to “promote the abolition of the death penalty by all appropriate communication means and to unite its efforts in order to convince the competent authorities of states still using the death penalty of the necessity to undertake the steps needed to abolish this penalty without delay”. It repeats this objective at its regularly organised colloquiums, which sometimes include related subjects such as “African human rights” or “Prisoners’ status” [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1229] => Array ( [objectID] => 1861 [title] => REJADD-Togo [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/rejadd-togo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3948de198a299642d09081494cf9cf9e_2-264x300.png [extrait] => The Young African Group for Democracy and Development, Togo-chapter (REJADD-Togo) is an organization promoting and protecting human rights and humanitarian actions. It was officially created on August 11, 2006 and currently has an official chapter in Mali. The REJADD-Togo aims to contribute to the sustainable, integral and harmonious development of Africa in general and Togo […] [texte] => The Young African Group for Democracy and Development, Togo-chapter (REJADD-Togo) is an organization promoting and protecting human rights and humanitarian actions. It was officially created on August 11, 2006 and currently has an official chapter in Mali.The REJADD-Togo aims to contribute to the sustainable, integral and harmonious development of Africa in general and Togo in particular.Its main objectives are: to promote and protect human rights, democratic and human values, to contribute to the sustainable development of Africa in general and Togo in particular, to promote good governance in Togo, and to fight against the death penalty and mob retribution in Togo.At the international level, REJADD intends to play a key role in networking African civil society organizations along the dimensions that constitute the cornerstone of the MDGs. It is counting on the collaboration of its African and international civil society colleagues for the operational implementation of its networks, which will contribute smoothly to Africa's development. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1230] => Array ( [objectID] => 1862 [title] => Forum Marocain pour la Vérité et la Justice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/forum-marocain-pour-la-verite-et-la-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Le Forum marocain pour la vérité et la justice (FMVJ) was created by victims of the “years of lead” between 1956 and 1999. It defines itself as a human rights association dedicated to defending the rights of victims of forced disappearances, arbitrary detention, torture and exile, and their families. The FMVJ seeks to establish the […] [texte] => Le Forum marocain pour la vérité et la justice (FMVJ) was created by victims of the “years of lead” between 1956 and 1999. It defines itself as a human rights association dedicated to defending the rights of victims of forced disappearances, arbitrary detention, torture and exile, and their families.The FMVJ seeks to establish the truth about these human rights violations and to reveal the responsibility of the State and its agents for the atrocities which took place. It fights against the impunity which protects those who carry out certain crimes.The Forum supports victims and helps them recover their dignity, particularly by obtaining legal assistance for them to lodge complaints with national and international courts such as the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (ERC). It keeps the memory of the years of lead alive and puts pressure on the Moroccan authorities to introduce the legal reforms needed to protect human rights.Since 2001, it has managed a welcome and counselling centre for victims of torture. In 2001, a symposium bringing together several Moroccan human rights organisations adopted a recommendation demanding abolition of the death penalty in the kingdom.Since then, the FMVJ has advocated this aim by actively contributing to the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty, founded after this symposium. It investigates death row, probes the authorities concerned after each death sentence is passed and puts pressure on the Coordination of Human Rights Associations in North Africa, of which it is a member, to collectively take on the issue of capital punishment. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1231] => Array ( [objectID] => 1863 [title] => Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/foundation-for-human-rights-initiative-fhri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/81ffe7a37adb8f0244ff035f6b7656e2_2.jpg [extrait] => The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental organisation aiming to enhance the knowledge, respect and observance of human rights in Uganda. FHRI’s objective is to remove obstacles to democratic development. The organisation defends the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and other internationally recognised human rights instruments. FHRI undertakes […] [texte] => The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental organisation aiming to enhance the knowledge, respect and observance of human rights in Uganda. FHRI's objective is to remove obstacles to democratic development. The organisation defends the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and other internationally recognised human rights instruments.FHRI undertakes research, monitoring, documentation and advocacy on a variety of human rights issues and publishes human rights literature. It conducts workshops and seminars on basic law, human rights and related subjects. It encourages exchanges of information and best practices between human rights activists and engages in lobbying and strategic partnerships. The organisation campaigns for judicial independence and respect for the rights of vulnerable groups of people such as the internally displaced, children, minorities, the disabled and women FHRI advocates penal reform through prison visits, training, dialogue and policy analysis.In 2003, FHRI launched a long-term campaign against the death penalty in Uganda, bringing the issue before the Constitutional Court through a constitutional petition.In 2005, the court ruled that the death penalty was constitutional but repealed mandatory death sentences and ruled that condemned prisoners could not spend more than three years on death row. The ongoing campaign saw the formation of a Civil Society Coalition on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, spearheaded by FHRI.FHRI has observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1232] => Array ( [objectID] => 1866 [title] => Journey of Hope… From Violence to Healing [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/journey-of-hope-from-violence-to-healing/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/29c65fb9db92f760627855c0f8dcac76_2.jpg [extrait] => “Journey of Hope…from Violence to Healing is an organisation led by murder victim family members joined by death row family members, family members of the executed, the exonerated, and others with stories to tell, that conducts public education speaking tours and addresses alternatives to the death penalty. Every year, the organisation arranges a Journey of […] [texte] => "Journey of Hope...from Violence to Healing is an organisation led by murder victim family members joined by death row family members, family members of the executed, the exonerated, and others with stories to tell, that conducts public education speaking tours and addresses alternatives to the death penalty.Every year, the organisation arranges a Journey of Hope around a US state, featuring speaking engagements in schools and universities, places of worship, civic and professional organisations, legislative hearings, radio and TV talk shows as well as rallies and demonstrations.Journey storytellers represent a variety of faith, color and economic situation. They are real people who know first hand the aftermath of the insanity and horror of murder. They have real stories that recount their tragedies, and their struggles to heal as a way of opening dialogue on the death penalty. When their stories are told, hearts are touched and minds can be changed." [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1233] => Array ( [objectID] => 1867 [title] => Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/legal-and-human-rights-centre-lhrc/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b4e0a66995c35f9808cfbba7628714c1_2.jpg [extrait] => The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is registered as a private, non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit making organization based in Tanzania, East Africa. The LHRC works to create legal and human rights awareness among the public, in particular the underprivileged section of the society of Tanzania, through legal and civic education, provision of legal aid, […] [texte] => The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is registered as a private, non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit making organization based in Tanzania, East Africa.The LHRC works to create legal and human rights awareness among the public, in particular the underprivileged section of the society of Tanzania, through legal and civic education, provision of legal aid, as well as research, human rights monitoring and advocacy.The LHRC has been running a constant campaign against the death penalty as part as its advocacy package. The organisation advocates law and policy reforms and monitors human rights violations in the country and beyond.The campaign against the death penalty is accommodated under the human rights monitoring programme. The campaigns against the death penalty aim at raising awareness among government officials and the general public in Tanzania about the abolition of the death penalty.The LHRC has published fact sheets about the wrong nature of this kind of punishment. It has raised the issue in its own television and radio programmes and started a joint research programme with the International Federation of Human Rights in 2004.Every year on October 10, World Day Against the Death Penalty, the LHRC organises press conferences to discuss this issue and disseminate the campaign. A number of NGOs in Tanzania have joined the LHRC in the campaign. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1234] => Array ( [objectID] => 1868 [title] => Lifespark [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lifespark/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8d21b955042a04591285033487c6c651_2.jpg [extrait] => lifespark is a Swiss organization and was founded in January 1993. lifespark is a non-profit organization, financed by membership dues and donations. All work for lifespark is done on a voluntary basis. lifespark has a central governing body; it has members from all linguistic regions of Switzerland. As of the end of 2012, the organization […] [texte] => lifespark is a Swiss organization and was founded in January 1993.lifespark is a non-profit organization, financed by membership dues and donations. All work for lifespark is done on a voluntary basis.lifespark has a central governing body; it has members from all linguistic regions of Switzerland.As of the end of 2012, the organization had 320 members. lifespark members have maintained 1300 pen pal-ships in the past 19 years.THE THREE GOALS OF lifespark:1. One of the main goals of lifespark is to arrange pen pal-ships with prisoners condemned to death in the USA and to offer its members support and advice. The members meet at different events several times a year.- lifespark informs the public about the death penalty and is involved in events and activities to abolish it. Through information stands, press releases, talks in schools and similar activities, people are made aware of the problems involved in the death penalty. In this way we try to combat ignorance, which is the most common reason for supporting the death penalty.- lifespark co-operates with other national and international organisations which share the same goal: the abolition of the death penalty worldwide!Why the USA? As more and more countries in the world abolish the death penalty, the only Western country to continue executing many people each year is the United States. In the past, many of those executed were poor or mentally retarded. Many innocent people have also been executed. The injustices of the US judicial system are obvious. At the same time the world looks up to the USA and accepts its leadership.There are other countries besides the United States which have legalized injustice and inhumanity. However, the USA is the most accessible to us and therefore that is where we concentrate our efforts. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1235] => Array ( [objectID] => 1869 [title] => Ligue des droits de l’Homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ligue-des-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/23f0500d2a0ae3ab4fa9521336606ee9_2.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 1898 during the Dreyfus affair, the League for Human Right (LDH) has a rich history thanks to a century of activism and attentive monitoring of all major contemporary issues. Originally, its mandate was to defend an innocent man, victim of anti-Semitism and reason of state, but the LDH expanded its actions to include […] [texte] => Founded in 1898 during the Dreyfus affair, the League for Human Right (LDH) has a rich history thanks to a century of activism and attentive monitoring of all major contemporary issues. Originally, its mandate was to defend an innocent man, victim of anti-Semitism and reason of state, but the LDH expanded its actions to include the defence of all citizens that were victims of injustice or of a breach of rights.From World War I to the 1960s, the LDH’s aim was to preserve peace, fight against fascism and for decolonisation. In the 1970s, the organisation campaigned for the right to contraception and abortion as well as for the abolition of the death penalty. Since the 1980s, the LDH has fought for the abolition of restrictive laws on immigrants, for the legalisation of undocumented immigrants, and for the right of foreigners to vote in local elections. At the same time, in accordance with the concept of social citizenship, it fights against new forms of poverty and precariousness.It is attached to the protection of secularism against fundamentalism and defends the right to housing, to universal healthcare and equality between the sexes. It condemns all forms of discrimination as well as police violence and fights for the respect of rights by the security forces.For the LDH the abolition of the death penalty in France and in the rest of the European Union is not enough: it supports the international campaign to pressurise countries still using the death penalty, especially in the United States where it is involved in the abolitionist campaign. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1236] => Array ( [objectID] => 1870 [title] => Lutte pour la Justice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lutte-pour-la-justice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6fbe597393a062102b989747d950c3ba_2.jpg [extrait] => Le comité Lutte pour la Justice (LPJ) was created in 1996 by Odell Barnes, a death row prisoner in Texas who wanted to have his innocence recognised and the right to a new trial. His three French correspondents took on his cause the very same year. This informal committee aimed to provide moral support and, […] [texte] => Le comité Lutte pour la Justice (LPJ) was created in 1996 by Odell Barnes, a death row prisoner in Texas who wanted to have his innocence recognised and the right to a new trial. His three French correspondents took on his cause the very same year. This informal committee aimed to provide moral support and, above all, find funding to examine the counterclaim in more detail and finance a competent lawyer. It became a legal association in 1999 so as to improve transparency and efficiency.Thanks to the funds collected, the 5-strong Texan defence team, assisted by volunteers, was able to carry out a comprehensive second enquiry and provide proof of Odell Barnes’ innocence. However, none of Texas’ judges wanted to take this proof into account and the prisoner was executed on 1 March 2000.Lutte pour la Justice thereafter shifted its focus to new cases in the United States and Texas in particular. It no longer provides support to individual death row prisoners but rather to local committees and groups of activists supporting a prisoner sentenced to death.This support takes various forms: advice, financial assistance, moral support, information and communication, etc. LPJ prioritises concrete work on the ground, partnerships with other associations and moral support to both prisoners and their correspondents, and therefore humbly includes itself in the fight for universal abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1237] => Array ( [objectID] => 1873 [title] => Mouvement contre le Racisme et pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples (MRAP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/mouvement-contre-le-racisme-et-pour-lamitie-entre-les-peuples-mrap/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a2e7f2626eeef1819fce6ce797984c9d_2.png [extrait] => The Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Nations (MRAP) has its origins in the French Resistance: it emerged from the National Movement against Racism, founded secretly in 1941 to save Jewish children from deportation and to thwart the racist ideology of the Vichy regime. Since then the MRAP has taken action against other forms […] [texte] => The Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Nations (MRAP) has its origins in the French Resistance: it emerged from the National Movement against Racism, founded secretly in 1941 to save Jewish children from deportation and to thwart the racist ideology of the Vichy regime. Since then the MRAP has taken action against other forms of racism, notably those connected to the colonial wars. It works with others for peace in the world and for the right of nations to decide their own destiny.In France, the organisation campaigns against all forms of racism, for migrant rights, family rights, the respect of asylum rights, and the right for all foreign residents to vote. It fights against the ideas of the far right and in particular against the National Front party.The MRAP gets involved in legal issues by helping victims of discrimination and racist acts but it prioritises preventative action. Thanks to it public education mandate, it intervenes mainly in schools. It also has Consultative status at the UN. The MRAP promotes local anti-racism projects and has several hundred committees spread over France.Clearly opposed to the death penalty – as to all inhumane and degrading acts – it first rallied against capital punishment in the United States because of its racist application there. It demands the release of Mumia Abu Jamal, an African-American journalist sentenced to death who the organisation classes as a political prisoner. The MRAP joined Together Against the Death Penalty’s struggle at the time of preparations for the first World Congress against the Death Penalty which took place in Strasbourg in 2001. It is a founding member of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1238] => Array ( [objectID] => 1835 [title] => Coordination Eveil et cause pour l’Unité nationale et la lutte contre l’esclavage [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coordination-eveil-et-cause-pour-lunite-nationale-et-la-lutte-contre-lesclavage/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Coordination Eveil et cause pour l’Unité nationale et la lutte contre l’eclavage is a non-governmental organization focused on the fight against slavery and its aftereffects. Created on 22 February 2012, it promotes a culture of Human rights and strenghten the national unity and and the bonds of love and brotherhood between every part of […] [texte] => The Coordination Eveil et cause pour l'Unité nationale et la lutte contre l'eclavage is a non-governmental organization focused on the fight against slavery and its aftereffects.Created on 22 February 2012, it promotes a culture of Human rights and strenghten the national unity and and the bonds of love and brotherhood between every part of Mauritanian society. The organisation fights social injustice in all its aspects and servile practices, marginalization, excluzsion and violation of Human rights, Women's right and prisoner's rights. General secretary: Ahmedsalem Ould MeilidAdress: Tayariit, Route Sucock, NouakchottPhone: 0022242011818Mail: ceculce@gmail.com / ahmed76salum@gmail.com [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1239] => Array ( [objectID] => 1836 [title] => Catholic Mobilizing Network [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/catholic-mobilizing-network/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/44fab7273cd673bf968e0c882ce79f1e_2-300x140.png [extrait] => Catholic Mobilizing Network is a national organization working in close collaboration with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and living the mission of the Congregation of St. Joseph. Catholic Mobilizing Network (CMN) proclaims the Church’s pro-life teaching and prepares Catholics for informed involvement in the public debate to end the death penalty and promote […] [texte] => Catholic Mobilizing Network is a national organization working in close collaboration with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and living the mission of the Congregation of St. Joseph. Catholic Mobilizing Network (CMN) proclaims the Church’s pro-life teaching and prepares Catholics for informed involvement in the public debate to end the death penalty and promote restorative justice. Catholic Mobilizing Network educates the lay community through our programs and materials on the Church’s teachings on the death penalty, facilitates respectful and informed discourse within the Catholic community and the community at large and advocates local and national community leaders for life and human dignityEDUCATIONCMN creates and distributes educational materials about the Church’s pro-life teachings regarding the death penalty and restorative justice for use in parishes and faith communities. These resources include radio podcasts in English and Spanish, workshops with facilitator guides, state-specific fact sheets, parish bulletin inserts, and more. CMN also networks and presents at national, faith-based conferences each year to educate and mobilize people of faith to end the death penalty. ADVOCACYCMN supports and energizes state campaigns to repeal the death penalty and amplifies the Church’s call for the end of capital punishment. Working with bishops, State Catholic Conferences, Catholic dioceses, religious communities, partner organizations, members of the laity and more, CMN empowers people of faith to speak out against the death penalty in their own communities and implore their state officials to repeal the practice. CMN works closely with Catholic and secular anti-death penalty partners to achieve maximum impact.PRAYER CMN recognizes the power of prayer and encourages and facilitates prayer for victims of violence, for those on death row, and for a justice system rooted in mercy and compassion. CMN creates and distributes prayer cards, plans prayer services, and offers other spiritual resources. Being grounded in prayer serves as a catalyst for people of faith to act to end the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1240] => Array ( [objectID] => 1837 [title] => Communità di Sant’Egidio [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/communita-di-santegidio/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SantEgidio2020-500x424.jpg [extrait] => Sant’Egidio is a Christian community born in 1968, right after the second Vatican Council. An initiative of Andrea Riccardi, it was born in a secondary school in the centre of Rome. With the years, it has become a network of communities in more than 70 countries of the world. The Community pays attention to the […] [texte] => Sant’Egidio is a Christian community born in 1968, right after the second Vatican Council. An initiative of Andrea Riccardi, it was born in a secondary school in the centre of Rome. With the years, it has become a network of communities in more than 70 countries of the world. The Community pays attention to the periphery and peripheral people, gathering men and women of all ages and conditions, united by a fraternal tie through the listening of the Gospel and the voluntary and free commitment for the poor and peace. The abolition of the death penalty is one of the areas of global commitment of the Community Sant’ Egidio.In order to contribute to the progress of the abolition of the death we have elaborated new strategies:Appeals - The appeals sent to governors or to various authorities can help obtain change of sentence or revision of the cases of persons sentenced to death.International Day Cities for Life - Cities against the Death Penalty – Since 2002, every November 30th , the International Day “Cities for Life” commemorates the first abolition of the capital punishment, which took place in 1786 in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Italy). The simultaneous lighting up of the Coliseum in Rome and of more than 1,000 symbolic monuments all over the world, educational initiatives and conferences now gather more than 2300 cities in five continents around the event.International Congresses of Justice Ministers - The International Congress takes place every year in Rome since 2006 and gathers high representatives both from countries that have banned capital punishment from their legal systems and from countries that still have it. They provide support both to retentionist countries, engaging in abolition or moratorium, and to abolitionist countries, when facing mounting pressure for the re-introduction of the death penalty. They consolidate relationships and an abolitionist network, and they have thus contributed to increasing the number of votes in favour of the United Nations Resolution on a world moratorium. Regional and national conferences have also been organized in the last years.Write to someone on death row - Receiving a letter is the sign that someone cares about your life. It is a link with the outside world. It is the hope that someone remembers you. It often means the possibility of establishing a lasting, sincere and otherwise impossible friendship. There are several thousand prisoners sentenced to death who, thanks to the Community of Sant’Egidio, correspond with many friends all over the world. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1241] => Array ( [objectID] => 1838 [title] => Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/culture-pour-la-paix-et-la-justice-cpj/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/554ee86f0afe1c0c7d1b34cdabf79670_2.jpg [extrait] => The association Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ) was founded in Kinshasa at the end of 1990s by a lawyer, Liévin Ngondji, and a law student, Molisho Ndarabu Eulethère. At a time of war, they wanted to fight against the practice of the Military court, an exceptional court established in 1997 that pronounced numerous death […] [texte] => The association Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ) was founded in Kinshasa at the end of 1990s by a lawyer, Liévin Ngondji, and a law student, Molisho Ndarabu Eulethère. At a time of war, they wanted to fight against the practice of the Military court, an exceptional court established in 1997 that pronounced numerous deathsentences followed by executions that were sometimes held in public.Without taking the side of the criminals, CPJ also fixed the goal of fighting against impunity and corruption. It is supported by magistrates and lawyers as well as doctors and engineers etc. who share these goals. CPJ draws media attention to human rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo by taking part in radio and television programmes. It also carries out studies on the state of those sentenced to death and facilities psychiatrist visits on death row.The association leads the World Day against the death penalty on a national level. It formed a Congolese coalition against the death penalty with the Campagne pour les droits de l’Homme au Congo, which was joined by other NGOs and local personalities.Since the founding of the CPJ and partly as a result of its actions, the military court has been repealed, sentenced minors have been separated from adults and the new constitution has been adapted using terms that hardly leave room for the use of the death penalty. CPJ currently concentrates on the plight of those sentenced to death before the Military court was repealed and on co-ordinating abolitionists at regional level. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1242] => Array ( [objectID] => 1839 [title] => Fédération Syndicale Unitaire (FSU) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/federation-syndicale-unitaire-fsu/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3ee7909e64448fa42cae84ed72052a55_2-203x300.png [extrait] => The United Trade-Union Federation (FSU) brings together 22 national trade unions in the fields of education, teaching, research, culture, training and social integration. They represent the majority or a large proportion of workers in their professional fields. FSU unites these national trade unions by combining diversity, pluralism and unity. Its characteristic organisational innovation is to […] [texte] => The United Trade-Union Federation (FSU) brings together 22 national trade unions in the fields of education, teaching, research, culture, training and social integration. They represent the majority or a large proportion of workers in their professional fields.FSU unites these national trade unions by combining diversity, pluralism and unity. Its characteristic organisational innovation is to bring national trade unions, departmental sections and movements together in its operation.FSU is the leading trade-union in France for teaching, research, and culture, and the leading government civil services trade-union.Its objectives include fighting for freedom and equal rights, for human rights, peace and disarmament, fighting against racism and exclusion, and against sexism and discrimination of all kinds.Opposition to the death penalty is part of these objectives, for which FSU is committed to acting in France, Europe and in the world. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1243] => Array ( [objectID] => 1840 [title] => International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-federation-for-human-rights-fidh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/303072cbea5359416da2c38dd5d6b98b_2.jpg [extrait] => The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)’s mandate is to act effectively to ensure all the rights laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are respected. These include civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural ones. The FIDH is a federation of 141 leagues in 100 countries. It coordinates […] [texte] => The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)’s mandate is to act effectively to ensure all the rights laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are respected. These include civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural ones.The FIDH is a federation of 141 leagues in 100 countries. It coordinates and supports their activities and provides them with a voice at international level. Like its member organisations, the FIDH has no party or religious affiliation and it is independent vis-à-vis all governments.The FIDH protects human rights’ defenders and mobilises the international community so that their role is recognized and they are protected as necessary. It gives daily support to victims of torture, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide by accompanying them during the whole legal process.The FIDH made a significant contribution to the setting up of the first permanent International Criminal Court, which came into being on July 1, 2002. The FIDH engages in advertising activities and permanent lobbying of intergovernmental organisations. It sets up enquiries, judicial observation missions, and training programmes for human rights’ campaigners.Through its research the FIDH has proven that the death penalty is applied universally in an unjust and discriminatory way; that it is decreed in conditions that are incompatible with the principles of a fair trial; and that it constitutes a form of torture incompatible with the right to respect for human dignity. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1244] => Array ( [objectID] => 1841 [title] => Death Penalty Focus [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/death-penalty-focus/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4326191a393d37b166e63e6515725c1_2.jpg [extrait] => Death Penalty Focus (DPF) is a non-profit advocacy organization dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment in the United States through public education; grassroots organizing and political advocacy; media outreach; and domestic and international coalition building. With 150,000 members and supporters nationwide, DPF is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors comprised of renowned political, […] [texte] => Death Penalty Focus (DPF) is a non-profit advocacy organization dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment in the United States through public education; grassroots organizing and political advocacy; media outreach; and domestic and international coalition building.With 150,000 members and supporters nationwide, DPF is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors comprised of renowned political, religious, and civic leaders, along with legal scholars and attorneys involved in death penalty litigation.DPF conducts programs focusing on the family members of murder victims who oppose the death penalty, outreach to law enforcement and engaging faith leaders as educators of their congregations and communities. The organization conducts research on behalf of lawyers, educators and the general public, and sponsors a variety of public education and media campaigns.DPF also guides and supports a network of several active chapters throughout California and serves as a liaison among anti-death penalty groups nationwide.DPF organizes year-round public education and professional media campaigns; provide speakers for schools, faith communities, and community organizations; conduct outreach to key constituents; mobilize supporters in support of or against death-penalty-related legislation; and sponsor research projects and opinion polls.DPF publishes and distributes a newsletter and materials on the death penalty and participates in numerous speaking engagements before community groups, schools, church groups, legal and other professional organizations. Our monthly newsletter, The Focus, provides comprehensive information on current death penalty news. DPF distributes thousands of pieces of educational materials each year, available in both English and Spanish, and has developed an educational curriculum for high school teachers interested in discussing the death penalty with their students.DPF believes that the death penalty is an ineffective and brutally simplistic response to the serious and complex problem of violent crime that institutionalizes discrimination against the poor and people of color and diverts attention and financial resources away from preventative measures. DPF is convinced that when the public is informed about the inherent racism, injustice, and the true human and financial cost associated with the death penalty, the United States will abolish state-sanctioned killing. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1245] => Array ( [objectID] => 1842 [title] => Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ensemble-contre-la-peine-de-mort-ecpm/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ecpm.png [extrait] => Since 2000, Together against the Death Penalty (Ensemble contre la peine de mort – ECPM) acts to fight against the death penalty around the world. The association promotes the universal abolition through the creation and dissemination of publications and teaching tools, as part of public campaigns and lobbies governments at both national and international levels. […] [texte] => Since 2000, Together against the Death Penalty (Ensemble contre la peine de mort - ECPM) acts to fight against the death penalty around the world. The association promotes the universal abolition through the creation and dissemination of publications and teaching tools, as part of public campaigns and lobbies governments at both national and international levels. ECPM is supported by many public figures (Robert Badinter, Corinne Lepage, ChristianeTaubira ...).• ECPM has definitely cemented his credibility as a unifying international abolitionist forces: the 4th World Congress against the death penalty in Geneva in 2010 (after Strasbourg 2001, Montreal 2004 and Paris 2007), organized by ECPM, was exceptional by the level of States representation, the participation of retentionist countries, the involvement of the public and the media.• From 2002 to 2011, ECPM has held the Executive Secretariat of the World Coalition against the death penalty.• ECPM supports the emergence of national and regional coalitions, especially in the Arab world (Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon) and Central Africa.ECPM also works for 10 years with the victims of capital punishment: death row inmates, former death row prisoners released, families of prisoners, families of victims of murder, and terrorism, people from the "killing machine" - doctors , psychologists, prison guards, lawyers: all of their personal experience, can help to become aware of the extent of the cruelty of the death penalty.We work in France around the citizen mobilization (petitions "no gays on the scaffold," and "No to the execution of minors!") new generation mobilization (through our educational program in schools) and around campaigns in particular during the World Day against the death penalty, every October 10.From death row, ECPM committed by producing fact-finding missions, relaying aid needs and the reality on death row, denouncing through its campaigns, emblematic cases of the abolitionist cause: through international mobilization campaign, legal assistance, diplomatic support.Its founding-president is Olivier Dechaud, its General Secretary is Emmanuel Maistre and its Director is Raphael Chenuil-HazanDailymotion : www.dailymotion.com/Association_ECPMYoutube: www.youtube.com/user/AssociationECPM [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1246] => Array ( [objectID] => 1843 [title] => Planète Réfugiés – Droits de l’homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/planete-refugies-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a6538dad43b96b0ad9253618ddb16344_2-300x118.png [extrait] => Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l’Homme (PRDH) aims, through research, training and advocacy activities in France and internationally, at the effective realization of inherent human rights, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, treaties and conventions protecting individual and collective freedoms, international standards and guidelines. In terms of research, PRDH focuses part of its action […] [texte] => Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme (PRDH) aims, through research, training and advocacy activities in France and internationally, at the effective realization of inherent human rights, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, treaties and conventions protecting individual and collective freedoms, international standards and guidelines.In terms of research, PRDH focuses part of its action on the analysis of political and social information and on respect for fundamental rights for certain countries of origin of asylum seekers in France, countries for which the information remains too incomplete to ensure a real effectiveness of the right of asylum in France for all asylum seekers, without distinction.PRDH is currently working on projects in Mauritania, Bangladesh, Pakistan and France. It also has an international initiative aimed at drafting and adopting minimum standards specific to the detention of death row prisoners worldwide. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1247] => Array ( [objectID] => 1844 [title] => International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-federation-of-acats-fiacat/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f692a49ac1cadc21f394b538138bb8f8_2-140x300.gif [extrait] => The International Federation of ACATs (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture), FIACAT, is an international non-governmental human rights organisation, set up in 1987, which works towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty. The Federation brings together some thirty national associations, the ACATs, present in four continents. FIACAT – representing its members […] [texte] => The International Federation of ACATs (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture), FIACAT, is an international non-governmental human rights organisation, set up in 1987, which works towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty. The Federation brings together some thirty national associations, the ACATs, present in four continents.FIACAT – representing its members in international and regional organisationsFIACAT enjoys consultative status with the United Nations, participative status with the Council of Europe and observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. FIACAT is also accredited to the International Organisation of la Francophonie.By referring the concerns of its members working on the ground to international bodies, FIACAT’s aim is to encourage the adoption of relevant recommendations and their implementation by governments. FIACAT works towards the application of international human rights conventions, the prevention of torture in places of detention, and an end to enforced disappearances and impunity. It also takes part in the campaign against the death penalty by calling on states to abolish capital punishment in their legal systems.To give added impact to these efforts, FIACAT is a founding member of several campaigning coalitions, in particular the World Coalition against the Death Penalty, the Coalition of International NGOs against Torture, the International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances and the Human Rights and Democracy Network.FIACAT – building up the capacities of the ACAT network in thirty countriesFIACAT assists its member associations in organising themselves, supporting them so that they can become important players in civil society, capable of raising public awareness and having an impact on the authorities in their country.It coordinates the network by promoting exchanges, proposing regional and international training events and joint campaigns, thus supporting the activities of the ACATs and providing them with exposure on the international scene.FIACAT – a network of Christians united in fighting torture and the death penaltyFIACAT’s mission is to awaken Churches and Christian organisations to the scandal of torture and the death penalty and convince them to act. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1248] => Array ( [objectID] => 1846 [title] => National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/national-association-of-criminal-defense-lawyers-nacdl/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b9a209c040703f99f739830f3e05acde_2.gif [extrait] => The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is the preeminent organization advancing the mission of the criminal defense bar to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or wrongdoing. A professional bar association founded in 1958, NACDL’s 12,000-plus direct members in 28 countries – and 90 state, provincial and local affiliate organizations […] [texte] => The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is the preeminent organization advancing the mission of the criminal defense bar to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or wrongdoing.A professional bar association founded in 1958, NACDL’s 12,000-plus direct members in 28 countries – and 90 state, provincial and local affiliate organizations totaling more than 40,000 attorneys – include private criminal defense lawyers, public defenders, military defense counsel, law professors and judges committed to preserving fairness and promoting a rational and humane criminal justice system. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1249] => Array ( [objectID] => 1847 [title] => Penal Reform International (PRI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/penal-reform-international-pri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/49b808b4f7f42d88d88c3058c22a74e3_2-300x300.jpg [extrait] => Penal Reform International (PRI) is an independent international non-governmental organisation that structures its work through a policy programme, regional programmes, and a governance and strategy programme that ensures learning and impact. Registered in The Netherlands (registration no 40025979), PRI operates globally with offices in multiple locations. We work to promote criminal justice systems that uphold […] [texte] => Penal Reform International (PRI) is an independent international non-governmental organisation that structures its work through a policy programme, regional programmes, and a governance and strategy programme that ensures learning and impact. Registered in The Netherlands (registration no 40025979), PRI operates globally with offices in multiple locations.We work to promote criminal justice systems that uphold human rights for all and do no harm. We run practical human rights programmes and support reforms that make criminal justice fair and effective. Our primary objectives are to secure trials that are impartial, sentencing practices that are proportionate and promote social rehabilitation, and humane conditions of detention where alternatives to imprisonment are not possible.We continue to join efforts to abolish the death penalty, which is a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and a violation of the right to life. We work to ensure that when there is a moratorium or abolition of capital punishment in any given country it is replaced with humane alternatives. In view of this we challenge life imprisonment without parole. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1250] => Array ( [objectID] => 1848 [title] => Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/italian-federation-for-human-rights-fidu/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/476ebce8268ff8c219b2e8c56730be58_2-300x246.jpg [extrait] => Active since 1987 as Italian Helsinki Committee, FIDU promotes the protection of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social in other relevant international documents. FIDU therefore intends to work to spread the knowledge of […] [texte] => Active since 1987 as Italian Helsinki Committee, FIDU promotes the protection of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social in other relevant international documents. FIDU therefore intends to work to spread the knowledge of human rights, monitor and report their violations, create greater awareness in public opinion, and exert influence on the States so that they comply with their own commitments on human rights.FIDU is actively engaged in the campaign for the universal abolition of the death penalty and considers that, currently, the main challenge is to maintain the positive global trend towards the abolition and to persuade States that still have the death penalty to remove it from their legislations. As the establishment of moratorium on the use of the death penalty in a retentionist country is often a crucial step towards the abolition, FIDU is involved in an international campaign to obtain, for the next UNGA Resolution on this issue, a higher number of votes in favour and, at the same time, to prevent dangerous steps backwards.FIDU is based in Rome and operates throughout Italy and worldwide; carries out its activities through its national and local bodies, and achieves its goals in compliance with international and EU standards, as well as with the Italian Constitution and laws; it is non-profit-making and pursues civic, solidarity and social utility purposes by carrying out activities of general interest; can join international federations and networks of associations that pursue the same ends with the same methods; it can bring together other associations with a federation pact.Conferences, debates, seminars, exhibitions, fact-finding and advocacy missions in Italy and abroad, cycles of meetings in schools, universities and other educational institutions, printed publications or telematic networks are examples, not exhaustive, of FIDU’s operating methods in the pursuit of its statutory purposes. Follow the FIDU on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1251] => Array ( [objectID] => 1849 [title] => The Human Rights Centre “Viasna” [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-human-rights-centre-viasna/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/268862215bdc3de24830c3dca0b36dae_2-300x300.jpg [extrait] => The Human Rights Centre “Viasna” is a non-governmental human rights organization active since 1996. It is a nation-wide NGO with a central office in Minsk and a dozen local offices across the country. Viasna has about 200 members. In 2003, the Supreme Court groundlessly cancelled the registration of Viasna for its participation in the observation […] [texte] => The Human Rights Centre "Viasna" is a non-governmental human rights organization active since 1996. It is a nation-wide NGO with a central office in Minsk and a dozen local offices across the country. Viasna has about 200 members.In 2003, the Supreme Court groundlessly cancelled the registration of Viasna for its participation in the observation of the presidential election of 2001. On 6 March 2004, the Human Rights Centre "Viasna" became member of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH).The main goal of Viasna is defending human rights in order to secure respect for them by the government in the interests of everyone, without discrimination, and building a just, free and democratic society.Viasna’s key priorities:- Legal support to the victims of human rights violations;- Researching and monitoring the human rights situation in Belarus;- Human rights education;- Campaigning for the abolition of the death penalty;- Monitoring prison conditions;- Election observation, etc. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1252] => Array ( [objectID] => 1851 [title] => Center for Prisoner’s Rights (CPR) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/center-for-prisoners-rights-cpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CPR-500x207.jpg [extrait] => The Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR) was established in March 1995 as the first Japanese NGO specializing in prison reform. CPR‘s goal is to reform Japanese prison conditions in accordance with international human rights standards and to abolish the death penalty. The organisation researches human rights violations in Japanese prisons and makes its finding known […] [texte] => The Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR) was established in March 1995 as the first Japanese NGO specializing in prison reform. CPR‘s goal is to reform Japanese prison conditions in accordance with international human rights standards and to abolish the death penalty.The organisation researches human rights violations in Japanese prisons and makes its finding known to the public both inside and outside Japan. CPR gives legal advice to prisoners and provides legal assistance through attorneys if necessary. It studies international human rights standards in the prison reform area, introduces them to Japan and promote ratifications of international human rights treaties.CPR publishes a newsletter four to five times a year, which features prison litigations, reports on visits to foreign prisons and digests of the seminars held by the organisation several times a year. The newsletter is sent to about 5,000 people including prisoners and their families, lawyers and researchers. CPR’s budget consists of annual membership fees, donations and assistance from several foundations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1253] => Array ( [objectID] => 1852 [title] => Città di Reggio Emilia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/citta-di-reggio-emilia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/81242ca30817cc657d0627d95423edbb_2.jpg [extrait] => For a long time, the city of Reggio Emilia has been proud of its strong vocation for the struggle in defense of Human Rights, which is supported by the commitment of the entire community. An example is that, in order to strengthen its contribution in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, the city signed […] [texte] => For a long time, the city of Reggio Emilia has been proud of its strong vocation for the struggle in defense of Human Rights, which is supported by the commitment of the entire community. An example is that, in order to strengthen its contribution in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, the city signed an agreement of association with African National Congress, Nelson Mandela’s party, in 1977. It was such a striking event that it was quoted during the 35th meeting of the UN Anti-Apartheid Special Committee.Relying on this tradition, over the years the municipality of Reggio Emilia has activated and developed numerous activities in defense of Human Rights. Such activities are particularly aimed at supporting the struggle against the death penalty, especially since 2000.The city's work for abolition began when Reggio Emilia's municipal council passed a resolution that year about the death penalty and the continuatuion of the twinning with Fort Worth in Texas, a state that holds the record for executions numbers in the US. The municipal council then decided to go down the path of dialogue, a position restated on many occasions ever since. Through this friendly link established in 1985, it has been striving to open a debate between citizens and authorities around the issue of the death penalty. Moreover, Reggio Emilia has decided to support organisations and initiatives against the death penalty in Texas and around the world. It is a member of the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death penalty and of the World Coalition. The city also contributes to a legal fund managed by the Communità di Sant'Egidio.The city regularly sends appeals to the governor of Texas and the mayor of Fort Worth when executions are scheduled, or to support abolitionist bills in parliament.In October 2006, the mayor of Reggio Emilia, Graziano Delrio, was the first Italian mayor to visit two death row inmates in Livingston, Texas.In February 2007, the chairman of Reggio Emilia's municipal council addressed the World Congress Against the Death Penalty organised by Together Against the Death Penalty.The city also organizes round tables and conferences about the death penalty and human rights every year in the autumn, especially in schools. It participates in the World Day against the death penalty on October 10th and in the Cities for Life-Cities against the death penalty event on November 30. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1254] => Array ( [objectID] => 1853 [title] => Città di Venezia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/citta-di-venezia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The city of Venice is globally renowned for its unique cultural heritage and location. Venice is strongly mobilised to improve the well-being of its inhabitants, by promoting a peaceful coexistence among its people and stimulating inter-religious and intercultural dialogue. In this way the city is following the example of tolerance set by the ancient “Serene […] [texte] => The city of Venice is globally renowned for its unique cultural heritage and location. Venice is strongly mobilised to improve the well-being of its inhabitants, by promoting a peaceful coexistence among its people and stimulating inter-religious and intercultural dialogue. In this way the city is following the example of tolerance set by the ancient “Serene Republic”.The city is actively involved in the promotion of human rights, culture and peace education, the decentralised cooperation in local government to encourage sustainable development for all, and in the fight against racism. This is how the city of Venice has become a symbol for the “No to the Death Penalty International Campaign” organised by the Community of Sant'Egidio since 1998.In 2002 Venice took part in the “Venice for life” initiative which aims to improve the visibility of the campaign against the death penalty and to garner support for a worldwide moratorium. The city became a member of the World Coalition in 2004 and pursues its commitment to contributing to the abolition of the death penalty in the world. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1255] => Array ( [objectID] => 1854 [title] => Coalizione italiana contro la pena di morte APS [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalizione-italiana-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3792ab30b574a844dec5684f6b5f8636_2.jpg [extrait] => The Italian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (ICADP) was established to form a network between both Italian and foreign groups, associations, movements, and individuals that work in defense of human rights and oppose capital punishment, and to coordinate their work and efforts. The association was founded as a non-profit organization, and in October 2025 […] [texte] => The Italian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (ICADP) was established to form a network between both Italian and foreign groups, associations, movements, and individuals that work in defense of human rights and oppose capital punishment, and to coordinate their work and efforts. The association was founded as a non-profit organization, and in October 2025 we also completed the bureaucratic and legal procedures to qualify as a social promotion association. So, the ICADP is now a Social Promotion Association (APS) duly registered with the Italian RUNTS (Third Sector Single National Register).The ICADP holds talks about human rights violations starting with the use of capital punishment around the world, which is the greatest abuse of human rights. Spreading information, promoting campaigns and holding talks on these issues is a central mechanism for accountability, advocacy, and prevention on global, regional, and local levels.The ICADP is especially interested in the situation in the United States, as it is the only Western democracy that still uses the death penalty as a means of punishment. However, it works to get the death penalty abolished all over the world.The ICADP is in direct and constant contact with other abolitionist groups and associations worldwide. Most of its members have direct relations with death row prisoners, both men and women, in the USA and other countries.The Italian Coalition’s strong opposition to the death penalty is unconditional. Its members are convinced that the respect of human rights is an unquestionable top priority. They consider that justice cannot be pursued by taking revenge, but by conducting the forces operating in society in a just and balanced way.In the views of the ICADP, each community must be in a position to assure its members the certainty of punishment if they commit a crime and, above all, equitable and rightful legal proceedings. But it also has to enable offenders to rehabilitate themselves whenever possible, thus balancing the legitimate need of the families of victims of violent crime for justice, and the respect of the very same values that demand an act of justice. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1256] => Array ( [objectID] => 1815 [title] => Adaleh Center for Human Rights Studies [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/adaleh-center-for-human-rights-studies/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/46697920fcc49f2587d787d231406700_2.jpg [extrait] => The Adaleh Center for Human Rights Studies is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded on September 2003 and based in Amman, Jordan. Its mission is to enforce human rights values in Jordan and the Arab world, through building the capacity of non-governmental organizations and practitioners working in the field of human rights, democracy and justice. The […] [texte] => The Adaleh Center for Human Rights Studies is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded on September 2003 and based in Amman, Jordan.Its mission is to enforce human rights values in Jordan and the Arab world, through building the capacity of non-governmental organizations and practitioners working in the field of human rights, democracy and justice.The center operates in accordance with all universal human rights declarations, principles, and charters issued by the United Nations.Its vision: to create a mindful society that enjoys basic human rights and freedoms, free from discrimination and violations against human rights, and where values of dignity, freedom, equality, tolerance, and respect are widely spread.Its objectives are:• To elevate the respect towards freedom and human rights.• To enhance democracy principles and the rule of law.• To activate the role of the judiciary and to ensure its independence.• To enhance the knowledge of the law and to ensure its independence.• To spread awareness on human rights.• To invigorate the human rights situation and to document human rights violations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1257] => Array ( [objectID] => 1816 [title] => International Organization for Diplomatic Relations [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-organization-for-diplomatic-relations/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a17ad08cafa4afb3bde625de4bf2096_2.gif [extrait] => The International Organization for Diplomatic Relations (IODR), also known as “Correspondants Diplomatiques” intends to promote alliance and cultural cooperation through the exchange of documents, the organization of conferences, concerts, and events of various kinds, and publications. It promotes solidarity between people and individuals and the full realization of the basic rights of man, as inspired […] [texte] => The International Organization for Diplomatic Relations (IODR), also known as “Correspondants Diplomatiques” intends to promote alliance and cultural cooperation through the exchange of documents, the organization of conferences, concerts, and events of various kinds, and publications.It promotes solidarity between people and individuals and the full realization of the basic rights of man, as inspired by the principles upheld by the United Nations Organisation.Its aim is to satisfy primary needs and in the first place to safeguard human life, work and the family, as the first and irreplaceable nucleus of society, and to remedy insufficiencies in the food supply and to give the highest value to human resources.The IODR intends to guarantee the actual equality of the sexes, supporting and ensuring the inclusion of women in all activities, including politics.The organisation defends liberty as an indispensable condition for the dignity of the individual and the harmonious and complete development of the human personality, respecting the sentiments and ideas of others, of all religions, and all political ideologies;It cultivates the culture of peace in the world, rejecting war as a solution of international controversies and violence under any form whatsoever, always substituting conflict by dialogue and encounter.To achieve these objectives, the IODR conducts a wide range of development and educational projects, including the creation of training centres and courses.The IODR contributes by all possible means - the press, television, radio, economic publications, conferences, etc. - to the popular diffusion, especially among the young, of the human rights proclaimed in the “Universal Declaration of the United Nations” on 15th December 1948 in New York.To carry out the activities necessary for its statutory aims, the organisation relies predominantly on the voluntary persons and free-of-charge services of its own corresponding members. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malta ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1258] => Array ( [objectID] => 1817 [title] => Kids Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kids-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9793445efa52fc11ba7a9602d4d8554b_2.jpg [extrait] => Kids Against the Death Penalty (KADP) is an organization dedicated to ending the Death Penalty across the World and finding justice for the men, women, and children on death row. Yes we are kids, but we know that Murder of ANY kind is wrong, and that includes state-sanctioned-murder! In order to accomplish the goal of […] [texte] => Kids Against the Death Penalty (KADP) is an organization dedicated to ending the Death Penalty across the World and finding justice for the men, women, and children on death row.Yes we are kids, but we know that Murder of ANY kind is wrong, and that includes state-sanctioned-murder!In order to accomplish the goal of world-wide abolition, we must unite with other anti-death penalty organizations in an effort to raise awareness, and to unite in strength and in numbers.We are the people, and if we stand in solidarity we can affect change and educate the world on the injustices of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1259] => Array ( [objectID] => 1818 [title] => Reprieve [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reprieve/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Reprieve-500x177.png [extrait] => Reprieve is a small, feisty registered charitable organisation of human rights defenders. Our strategy is to use strategic interventions to end the use of the death penalty globally, and to end extreme human rights abuses carried out in the name of “counterterrorism” or “national security” We work for among the most disenfranchised people in society, […] [texte] => Reprieve is a small, feisty registered charitable organisation of human rights defenders. Our strategy is to use strategic interventions to end the use of the death penalty globally, and to end extreme human rights abuses carried out in the name of “counterterrorism” or “national security”We work for among the most disenfranchised people in society, as it is in their cases that human rights are most swiftly jettisoned and the rule of law is cast aside. Thus, we promote and protect the rights of those facing the death penalty and those who are the victims of extreme human rights abuses carried out in the name of “counterterrorism” or “national security”, with a focus on arbitrary detention, torture, and extrajudicial executions.For more information, please visit our website: www.reprieve.org [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1260] => Array ( [objectID] => 1819 [title] => Human Rights Commission of Pakistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-commission-of-pakistan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a10044a409e501adbdba2d157386d5ca_2.gif [extrait] => Founded in 1986 and registered in 1987, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) is an independent, democratic, nonpartisan organization committed to supporting human rights in the country. Over the last three decades, HRCP has worked for women’s empowerment and gender equality, the rights of religious minorities, rule of law and access to justice, democratic […] [texte] => Founded in 1986 and registered in 1987, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) is an independent, democratic, nonpartisan organization committed to supporting human rights in the country. Over the last three decades, HRCP has worked for women’s empowerment and gender equality, the rights of religious minorities, rule of law and access to justice, democratic development, the elimination of forced labour, children’s rights, prisoners’ rights, labour rights, the rights of internally displaced persons and refugees, the abolition of the death penalty, the elimination of torture, and an end to enforced disappearances, among other areas. HRCP’s goal is to realize the entire body of human rights, as defined in international instruments, by all citizens of Pakistan as well as all persons present otherwise in the country. HRCP believes that this goal must be realized without any distinction or discrimination on grounds of gender, race, religion, sect or belief, ethnicity, area of origin, disability, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. HRCP is committed to the abolition of the death penalty. In this context, HRCP collates and digitizes related data, carries out campaigns to advocate for abolition, conducts fact-finding missions to investigate issues related to the death penalty, and lobbies with the appropriate authorities to reintroduce the moratorium with a view to ultimately abolishing capital punishment.It has published two reports on this issue in conjunction with FIDH: Slow March to the Gallows: Death Penalty in Pakistan (2007) and Punished for Being Vulnerable: How Pakistan Executes the Poorest and the Most Marginalised in Society (2019). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1261] => Array ( [objectID] => 1820 [title] => Harm Reduction International [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/harm-reduction-international/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/logo-HRI.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. We promote the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies. Since […] [texte] => Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. We promote the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies.Since 2007, Harm Reduction International has been at the forefront of advocating for the abolition of the death penalty for drug-related offences worldwide; including via the Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview series.You can follow Harm Reduction Internatonional on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1262] => Array ( [objectID] => 1821 [title] => ACAT Liberia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-liberia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in Liberia (ACAT Liberia) is an NGO based in Liberia. Created in 2003 and accredited in 2004, it fights to have a society free of torture and death penalty. To reach these goals, their main actions are: – Education and awareness, – advocacy, assistance, – cooperation, – […] [texte] => Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in Liberia (ACAT Liberia) is an NGO based in Liberia. Created in 2003 and accredited in 2004, it fights to have a society free of torture and death penalty.To reach these goals, their main actions are:- Education and awareness,- advocacy, assistance,- cooperation,- offering prayers. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1263] => Array ( [objectID] => 1822 [title] => KontraS (Commission for the Disapeared and Victims of Violence) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kontras-commission-for-the-disapeared-and-victims-of-violence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/001943e50923b073413105403cd081d1_2.jpg [extrait] => KontraS (Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence) in Indonesia is a human rights NGO that deals with human rights issues in Indonesia, particularly civil and political rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of its advocacy objectives. KontraS is a member of regional and national networks: Anti Death Penalty Asian Network (ADPAN) […] [texte] => KontraS (Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence) in Indonesia is a human rights NGO that deals with human rights issues in Indonesia, particularly civil and political rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of its advocacy objectives.KontraS is a member of regional and national networks: Anti Death Penalty Asian Network (ADPAN) and HATI (Coalition against Death Penalty in Indonesia).For the past three years, KontraS organised activities and campaigns on anti-death penalty issue, such as press releases, inter-faith prayers on the eve of executions, distribution of campaign materials, artistic happenings on World Day against Death Penalty, media briefings, documenting and report publishing on death penalty practices in Indonesia.Its work is mostly documented in Indonesian language.KontraS's website has a special section on anti-death penalty activities. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1264] => Array ( [objectID] => 1823 [title] => Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/anti-death-penalty-asia-network-adpan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9ab51b6b352267ba067eada2a9359700_2.jpg [extrait] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) was founded in Hong Kong on the World Day against the Death Penalty in 2006. In 2014, at its first General Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) members approved ADPAN’s Constitution, and ADPAN’s first Executive Committee was elected. ADPAN, an independent Asia-Pacific network committed to working […] [texte] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) was founded in Hong Kong on the World Day against the Death Penalty in 2006.In 2014, at its first General Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) members approved ADPAN’s Constitution, and ADPAN’s first Executive Committee was elected.ADPAN, an independent Asia-Pacific network committed to working toward the abolition of the death penalty, is independent of governments and any political or religious affiliation.ADPAN members are civil society groups, organizations, network of organisations, trade unions, lawyers and/or judges associations, consumer groups, professional bodies, academic groups and individual persons from Asia-Pacific : Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga and Vietnam.ADPAN Partners are organisations, groups and/or individual persons, not members of ADPAN, who are also committed to the mission and work of ADPAN from Netherlands, Italy, France, Denmark, UK, USA and Spain. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1265] => Array ( [objectID] => 1824 [title] => Avocats sans frontières Guinée – ASF Guinée [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/avocats-sans-frontieres-guinee-asf-guinee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/165b9f838faa0ca20421ab9a80a51ffe_2-300x67.jpg [extrait] => Avocats sans frontières Guinée (Lawyers without Borders Guinea) is an NGO based in Guinea. Their mission is the promotion, the protection and the defense of Human rights. To promote, protect and preserve human rights in Guinea, their main actions are: – Legal assistance for those most vulnerable and those who lack access to resources – […] [texte] => Avocats sans frontières Guinée (Lawyers without Borders Guinea) is an NGO based in Guinea. Their mission is the promotion, the protection and the defense of Human rights.To promote, protect and preserve human rights in Guinea, their main actions are:- Legal assistance for those most vulnerable and those who lack access to resources- Training in Human rights- Conference debate on Human rights- Ease of legal instruments and protection of Human rights [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1266] => Array ( [objectID] => 1825 [title] => Bayt Al Hikma [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bayt-al-hikma/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bayt Al Hikma is a non-governmental organization founded in 2007 whose main objective is to promote the values of human rights and individual freedoms. Our activities revolve around two themes 1. Values and individual freedoms 2. The promotion and protection of children. Our action plan is as follows: • Annual Report: Prepare an annual report […] [texte] => Bayt Al Hikma is a non-governmental organization founded in 2007 whose main objective is to promote the values of human rights and individual freedoms.Our activities revolve around two themes1. Values and individual freedoms2. The promotion and protection of children.Our action plan is as follows:• Annual Report: Prepare an annual report on the death penalty in Morocco (involving all the NGOs working on this issue) and present it to policy makers and international organizations.• Create a network of friend(s) on death row (stay in touch with the prisoners, to visit them, get in touch with their families and lawyers).• Create networks of abolitionist artists, politicians, parliamentarians, sportsmen, businessmen ... who call for the abolition of the death penalty.• Create a website dedicated to abolitionists in Morocco• Organize in collaboration with different artists (the boulevard and others) a concert dedicated to the issue of the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1267] => Array ( [objectID] => 1826 [title] => California People of Faith [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/california-people-of-faith/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/37b3c05ba771adf0179e823a8842c7ae_2.gif [extrait] => The California People of Faith (CPF) is a nonprofit organization 501, based in Los Angeles in the United States. CPF is an interfaith organization which advocates for alternatives to the death penalty in California and throughout the United States. CPF coordinates grassroots affords via chapters located throughout California, organizing Faith-based communities to resist corrosive temptation […] [texte] => The California People of Faith (CPF) is a nonprofit organization 501, based in Los Angeles in the United States. CPF is an interfaith organization which advocates for alternatives to the death penalty in California and throughout the United States.CPF coordinates grassroots affords via chapters located throughout California, organizing Faith-based communities to resist corrosive temptation of vengeance and instead embrace respect for the dignity of human life.CPF is also a founding partner of the 1000 congregation’s campaign to provide information on the discernment, dialogue and education on capital punishment policy. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1268] => Array ( [objectID] => 1827 [title] => RADHOMA [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/radhoma/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9ae7feb3c531ccbd534234652648042f_2-300x217.jpg [extrait] => The network of human rights organisations and activists for the abolition of the death penalty (RADHOMA) is an abolitionist NGO of the DRC. 1. Fundation and headquarters Created on 10 October 2005 by member associations, the organization is a member of the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty and of the World Coalition Against the Death […] [texte] => The network of human rights organisations and activists for the abolition of the death penalty (RADHOMA) is an abolitionist NGO of the DRC.1. Fundation and headquartersCreated on 10 October 2005 by member associations, the organization is a member of the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty and of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. Its national headquarters are located in Kinshasa. 2. MissionsRADHOMA is a non-governmental organization that promotes respect for fundamental human rights through the abolition of the death penalty in the DRC, in Africa and internationally.3. Main actionsRADHOMA carries out monitoring and reporting activites on cases of death-sentenced people in the country's prison, also information and awareness-raising activities on the real motivations in favour of the abolition of the death penalty, and on the evolution of the process of abolishing the death penalty in the DRC, in Africa and internationally.4. Action strategiesThe network carries out advocacy work together with other abolitionist actors and international organization in order to advance and achieve the abolition of the death penalty at all levels. RADHOMA easily conducts actions in the DRC by coordinating provincial offices throughout the country. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1269] => Array ( [objectID] => 1828 [title] => Leaders Organization [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/leaders-organization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaders Organization is a Palestinian youth led non-governmental organization that was established in 2002.The Organization prides itself in its principles and unique approach to development in the Palestinian territories. At the time, it was established to allow youths to participate in serving their society. Since then, Leaders have established a reputation for working with, serving, […] [texte] => Leaders Organization is a Palestinian youth led non-governmental organization that was established in 2002.The Organization prides itself in its principles and unique approach to development in the Palestinian territories.At the time, it was established to allow youths to participate in serving their society. Since then, Leaders have established a reputation for working with, serving, and empowering youths in Palestine to become true leaders in their communities. It has continuously provided young Palestinians with the opportunity to express their views and act for a peaceful and democratic society both in Palestine and abroad.Goals:-Establishing networks with community-based organizations that promote youth civic engagement;-Increasing the youths' capacity for civic participation and democratic involvement;-Providing Palestinian youth with a platform for activism and creative expression. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1270] => Array ( [objectID] => 1829 [title] => Barreau de Paris [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/barreau-de-paris/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/092554e3d420c5aba05e85a8774509a1_2-148x300.gif [extrait] => The Paris Bar was founded under the reign of Louis XIV. Nowadays, it represents around 20 000 lawyers, i.e. nearly half of those practicing in France. Its prime objectives are to organise and structure the legal profession, to strengthen training and adapt it to the deep changes occurring in society and to expand the role […] [texte] => The Paris Bar was founded under the reign of Louis XIV. Nowadays, it represents around 20 000 lawyers, i.e. nearly half of those practicing in France. Its prime objectives are to organise and structure the legal profession, to strengthen training and adapt it to the deep changes occurring in society and to expand the role and the influence of law in France and abroad.Traditionally, the Paris Bar is very often approached when human rights are in danger. It supports the abolition of the death penalty actively and has been a member of the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty since its creation in 2002.The Paris Bar participated actively in the three World Congresses against the death penalty to date, by leading the mobilisation of the judiciary environment. In an effort to strengthen its support for abolitionists, the Paris Bar founded the Institute for the Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty in 2006. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1271] => Array ( [objectID] => 1830 [title] => Coalition marocaine contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-marocaine-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7ba594981491b61d393cccbca8e15f0b_2.gif [extrait] => The Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CMCPM) brings together seven NGOs: -the Moroccan Prison Observatory, -the Moroccan Human Rights Association, -the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice, -the Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights, -the Association of Lawyers’ Bars in Morocco, -Amnesty International – Moroccan Section and -the Centre for People’s Rights. Its objectives are […] [texte] => The Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CMCPM) brings together seven NGOs:-the Moroccan Prison Observatory,-the Moroccan Human Rights Association,-the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice,-the Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights,-the Association of Lawyers’ Bars in Morocco,-Amnesty International - Moroccan Section and-the Centre for People’s Rights.Its objectives are the following:- definitive repeal of the death penalty from Moroccan legislation;- that national courts immediately cease to pronounce the death penalty;- revision of all death sentences by commuting them to non life-depriving sentences; - ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the United Nations’ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ;- ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Penal Court; - reinforcement of co-operation and solidarity ties within the world abolitionist movement. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1272] => Array ( [objectID] => 1831 [title] => Free Mumia! French Support Group [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/free-mumia-french-support-group/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/14d7c688c4152109df3d2729a46d995e_2-300x91.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 1995, the French collective “Libérons Mumia” brings together about a hundred organisations and public authorities: human rights associations, trade unions, political parties, local and regional collectives and local authorities. His objective is to obtain a new trial allowing the Black American journalist Mumia to defend his innocence and regain his freedom. Mumia Abu-Jamal […] [texte] => Founded in 1995, the French collective "Libérons Mumia" brings together about a hundred organisations and public authorities: human rights associations, trade unions, political parties, local and regional collectives and local authorities. His objective is to obtain a new trial allowing the Black American journalist Mumia to defend his innocence and regain his freedom.Mumia Abu-Jamal was sentenced to death in 1982 following a racist trial whose unfairness is internationally recognised (Amnesty International, UN Human Rights Commission, European Parliament). Thanks to his writings, Mumia Abu-Jamal has become one of the most emblematic figures in the fight against capital punishment and for its universal abolition.The French Collectif's commitment takes many forms: regular dissemination of information to raise public awareness, numerous demonstrations outside the United States Embassy in Paris over the past 20 years, screenings of films and organization of debates, questioning of the American authorities, regular delegations to the United States of personalities and elected officials to visit Mumia in prison, fundraising campaigns for his defence. On his initiative, twenty-five French cities, including Paris, have also elevated Mumia Abu-Jamal to the rank of Honorary Citizen of their city. Two cities (Saint-Denis and Bobigny) named a street after him and a stamp bearing his name was issued by the French postal administration.In October 2011, the US Supreme Court ruled that his death sentence was unconstitutional, ending 30 years of judicial harassment. In December 2011, the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. This victory against the death penalty is undoubtedly a credit to international mobilization and an encouragement to continue the struggle for its release.In 2015, suffering from hepatitis discovered late, Mumia was confronted with a sudden deterioration in his state of health. However, the prison administration has objected to him receiving appropriate care from specialist and independent doctors. Fortunately, the mobilization of a large number of personalities and organizations from all over the world forced the justice system to put an end to this cruel and inhuman behaviour in 2017 by imposing the obligation to treat. Today Mumia is better, the disease virus has been eradicated but her health remains fragile due to the excessive period of time during which no care has been provided.Since 2017, the hope of having his innocence recognized has once again been on the agenda with the filing of the appeal filed by his defence to enforce the new jurisprudence of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, which now prohibits the same magistrate from repeatedly participating in the appeal trials of a death row inmate. This is the case for Mumia and many convicts in Pennsylvania. In December 2018, after numerous hearings, a state judge granted Mumia's request and granted him the right to make his death sentence in 1982, which the Philadelphia prosecutor immediately challenged by filing an action for annulment... After 37 years in prison, the persecution continues!Member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the French collective "Libération Mumia" is more broadly involved in the fight for the universal abolition of the death penalty and the defence of those sentenced to death. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1273] => Array ( [objectID] => 1832 [title] => The Rights Practice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-rights-practice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6ffb8a782b615ef7084bcc70ca38d5d2_2-300x40.gif [extrait] => The Rights Practice works to promote and strengthen the protection of human rights. Our work is currently based in China in three programme areas: improving access to justice, strengthening public participation in decision making and promoting dignity of the person. We believe that the death penalty violates the right to life and is the ultimate […] [texte] => The Rights Practice works to promote and strengthen the protection of human rights. Our work is currently based in China in three programme areas: improving access to justice, strengthening public participation in decision making and promoting dignity of the person. We believe that the death penalty violates the right to life and is the ultimate form of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. The use of the death penalty always carries the risk of an unsafe conviction and a miscarriage of justice.We are working to promote fair trials and provide access to defence services and legal aid for anyone at risk of being given a death penalty in China. Our work includes research into the application of the death penalty in China and the way mental illness is assessed in the criminal justice system. We support the efforts of China's lawyers and scholars to challenge China's application of the death penalty and campaign for its abolition. The Rights Practice is a member of Anti Death Penalty Asia Network, ADPAN and supports the work of China Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1274] => Array ( [objectID] => 1833 [title] => Themis Fund / The 8th Amendment Project [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/themis-fund-the-8th-amendment-project/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d0e097175ac9f112d3694c636a5b7a59_2.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : Abolition of the death penalty in the United States. Kind of actions : Strategic coordination of advocates, litigators, funders and activists throughout the U.S. We work in partnership with all the major funders of the abolition movement in the U.S., and with almost all of the activists, lawyers, and political advocates […] [texte] => Mandate and goals : Abolition of the death penalty in the United States.Kind of actions : Strategic coordination of advocates, litigators, funders and activists throughout the U.S.We work in partnership with all the major funders of the abolition movement in the U.S., and with almost all of the activists, lawyers, and political advocates in the national abolition field.Themis Fund and The 8th Amendment Project do not take direct action; The 8th Amendment Project directs the strategic national campaign that coordinates field activities throughout the U.S.Both organizations are legally programs at Proteus Fund, a 501c3 organization. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1275] => Array ( [objectID] => 1834 [title] => Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ-KENYA) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kenyan-section-of-the-international-commission-of-jurists-icj-kenya/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/557646acf853f8327e4d99d73278e703_2-300x133.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : – To develop, strengthen and protect the principles of the rule of law in Kenya. – Develop, maintain and protect the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession in Kenya. – Protect and promote the enjoyment of human rights in Kenya and Africa. Kind of actions : – Legal research […] [texte] => Mandate and goals :- To develop, strengthen and protect the principles of the rule of law in Kenya. - Develop, maintain and protect the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession in Kenya.- Protect and promote the enjoyment of human rights in Kenya and Africa.Kind of actions :- Legal research and analysis.- Citizen empowerment and sensitization.- Advocacy.- Capacity building.- Impact litigation.- Monitoring evaluation and reporting.ICJ Kenya has organised consultative forums with other civil societies working on abolition of death penalty in Kenya, capacity building workshops for Judicial officers and members of the Parliamentary Caucus on human rights on the international human rights principles and the proposed sentencing policy guidelines.ICJ-Kenya has participated at the world congress against the death penalty and is a member of the east African regional coalition against the death penalty. Participation at the Human Rights Council Review in Geneva on 25th January 2015. Participation at the East African Judges and Magistrates Conference held in Zanzibar in 2013. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1276] => Array ( [objectID] => 1795 [title] => Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l’éducation du Niger (SYNAFEN) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/syndicat-national-des-agents-de-la-formation-et-de-leducation-du-niger-synafen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => SYNAFEN is the national labour union for training and education professionals in Niger. Its main mission is to defend its members’ material and moral interests. However, it is also engaged in the promotion of human rights and democracy by educational means. In 2009, on the occasion of the 7th World Day Against the Death Penalty, […] [texte] => SYNAFEN is the national labour union for training and education professionals in Niger.Its main mission is to defend its members’ material and moral interests.However, it is also engaged in the promotion of human rights and democracy by educational means.In 2009, on the occasion of the 7th World Day Against the Death Penalty, SYNAFEN organised a round table on capital punishment with leading members of Niger’s civil society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1277] => Array ( [objectID] => 1796 [title] => Mêmes droits pour tous (MDT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/memes-droits-pour-tous-mdt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Les Mêmes Droits pour Tous (MDT) is a Guinean organization from the civil society. It has been created by Order No. 3242/MATD/CAB/SACCO of 26 May 2006. Since then, MDT has been actively involved in the defence and promotion of human rights in Guinea. MDT specializes in the field of criminal justice. To date, MDT acts in […] [texte] => Les Mêmes Droits pour Tous (MDT) is a Guinean organization from the civil society. It has been created by Order No. 3242/MATD/CAB/SACCO of 26 May 2006. Since then, MDT has been actively involved in the defence and promotion of human rights in Guinea. MDT specializes in the field of criminal justice. To date, MDT acts in almost all of Guinea's natural regions and has, in addition to its national headquarters in Conakry, two regional offices based in N'Zérékoré in Guinée Forestière (2008) and Kankan in Haute Guinée (2012).Member of several platforms including the FIDH, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, MDT has also an observer status at ECOSOC. MDT has provided legal and judicial assistance to thousands of victims of illegal and/or abusive detention, victims of gender-based violence, victims of torture, victims of long term pre-trial detention, populations affected by major projects, particularly mining projects, etc.In the end, MDT has been increasingly focused on the reform of criminal laws in accordance with Guinea's international commitments, the promotion of a legal environment favourable to populations affected by mining projects and democratic governance issues. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1278] => Array ( [objectID] => 1797 [title] => ROTAB [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/rotab/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1e677aaf56f297878e6bc0a9d07a7d8b_2.gif [extrait] => The Organisation for Transparency and Budgetary Analysis (ROTAB – Publish What You Pay Niger) is a group of several associations, NGOs and unions in Niger who decided to take part in the worldwide campaign Publish What You Pay. This initiative calls for transparency in the extraction industry, at a time when the murky nature of […] [texte] => The Organisation for Transparency and Budgetary Analysis (ROTAB – Publish What You Pay Niger) is a group of several associations, NGOs and unions in Niger who decided to take part in the worldwide campaign Publish What You Pay. This initiative calls for transparency in the extraction industry, at a time when the murky nature of the development of natural resources in the country is a given.This will contribute to the consolidation of democracy and good governance.Aside from the promotion of transparency in the whole activity chain concerning the extraction industries, the ROTAB aims to influence national laws and policies on the extraction industry in favour of the public and to defend the rights of inhabitants and workers.More generally, by building the capacities of its member organisations and by encouraging them to exchange and capitalise on their experiences, the ROTAB works for the implication of civil society in the implementation of national development policies and programmes.Concretely, the ROTAB organises research activities for sustainable development in Niger, information and awareness-raising conferences, and study and experience-sharing trips. It publishes regular newsletters.The network regroups 12 organisations represented by a General Assembly. It is managed by the National Coordination Office and the Court of Auditors. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1279] => Array ( [objectID] => 1798 [title] => Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/justice-project-pakistan-jpp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f77c074eee949c0704c815399d6b47ef_2.png [extrait] => Justice Project Society, commonly referred to as Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), represents the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the harshest punishments at home and abroad, including those facing the death penalty, mentally ill prisoners, juvenile prisonners, women, victims of police torture, and overseas Pakistani prisoners. JPP was the winner of the 2016 Franco-German Human Rights […] [texte] => Justice Project Society, commonly referred to as Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), represents the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the harshest punishments at home and abroad, including those facing the death penalty, mentally ill prisoners, juvenile prisonners, women, victims of police torture, and overseas Pakistani prisoners.JPP was the winner of the 2016 Franco-German Human Rights Prize for the Rule of Law and the 2016 National Human Rights Award awarded by the President of Pakistan.Our ApproachLitigate: Led by lawyers and investigators, our legal team carries out strategic litigation pursuing cases on behalf of individuals with the potential to bring systemic changeAdvocate: Fierce domestic and international advocacy campaigns with the potential to bring systemic change are carried out by our advocacy teamCommunicate: Our communications team devises rigorous media campaigns and public events directed towards changing the public perception about the death penalty [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1280] => Array ( [objectID] => 1799 [title] => We Believe in Second Chances [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/we-believe-in-second-chances/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/288cd2567953f06e460a33951f55daaf_2.png [extrait] => We Believe in Second Chances was founded as a reaction to Yong Vui Kong’s condemnation to death, and are advocating for the abolishment of the death penalty in Singapore. [texte] => We Believe in Second Chances was founded as a reaction to Yong Vui Kong's condemnation to death, and are advocating for the abolishment of the death penalty in Singapore. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1281] => Array ( [objectID] => 1800 [title] => Union Chrétienne pour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits de l’Homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/union-chretienne-pour-le-progres-et-la-defense-des-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Christian Union for Progress and Human Rights (UCPDHO) is a Christian-inspired association founded in Uvira, South Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The UCPDHO’s aim is to contribute to the restoration of peace in DRC, combat human rights’ violations, inform on death penalty laws and promote human rights in rural areas. Its objectives include […] [texte] => The Christian Union for Progress and Human Rights (UCPDHO) is a Christian-inspired association founded in Uvira, South Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The UCPDHO's aim is to contribute to the restoration of peace in DRC, combat human rights' violations, inform on death penalty laws and promote human rights in rural areas.Its objectives include the fight to abolish the death penalty in DRC and the provision of medical care to victims of torture.To reach its aims, the UCPDHO believes it is important to make known the texts on the abolition of the death penalty in DRC, to denounce human rights' violations, in particular those of women and children, and to encourage the population, especially the young and those in the countryside, to adopt a culture of peace and tolerance.The UCPDHO organises public events with the aim of making known the ideas of law, peace, development, a peace culture, human rights and the fight against the death penalty. It publishes a regular information newsletter and plans to open a documentation centre.The association trains local authorities (police, judges, etc.) and carries out actions in prisons to have illegally-arrested prisoners freed. The UCPDHO is managed by a General Assembly, a Quality Council, a Board and a Coordination Office. Its financial resources come from members' subscriptions, donations, legacies, grants and self-financing activities.UCPDHO's partners are churches, youth groups, local development committees and national and international associations working in the fields of education for peace, human rights and social progress promotion. Since 2005 it is supported by the Swiss organisations VIVERE and MIR. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1282] => Array ( [objectID] => 1801 [title] => International Commission of Jurists [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-commission-of-jurists/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4f8f76921275e3805fdced00e6082a4_2-300x114.png [extrait] => The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is dedicated to promoting rule of law and advancement of human rights around the world. The ICJ statute provides: The Commission carries out activities at the global, regional, national and local level and in particular takes effective steps to: 1. Support and advance the Rule of Law and human […] [texte] => The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is dedicated to promoting rule of law and advancement of human rights around the world.The ICJ statute provides: The Commission carries out activities at the global, regional, national and local level and in particular takes effective steps to:1. Support and advance the Rule of Law and human rights on the basis of the principles set out in the preamble;2. Advance the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession and the administration of justice in full compliance with standards of international law;3. Promote the global adoption and implementation of international human rights standards and other legal rules and principles that advance human rights and the Rule of Law;4. Promote the establishment and enforcement of a legal system which protects individuals and groups against violations of their human rights;5. Promote understanding of and compliance with the Rule of Law and human rights and provide assistance to those to whom the Rule of Law and human rights are denied; and6. Promote the abolition of the death penalty and support efforts to achieve this goal. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1283] => Array ( [objectID] => 1802 [title] => Droits et paix [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/droits-et-paix/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8947c4be684919bc9109bf5dff9c6668_2.jpg [extrait] => Rights and Peace (Droits et Paix) is a Cameroonian organisation working to construct a fairer and more peaceful society which respects human rights. Its main goals are to protect and promote fundamental human rights and individual freedoms, promote peace and non-violence, and humanise and improve conditions of detention in Cameroon. Its main activities encompass referral […] [texte] => Rights and Peace (Droits et Paix) is a Cameroonian organisation working to construct a fairer and more peaceful society which respects human rights. Its main goals are to protect and promote fundamental human rights and individual freedoms, promote peace and non-violence, and humanise and improve conditions of detention in Cameroon.Its main activities encompass referral of cases to court, legal and judiciary assistance for human rights victims, public statements, referral of cases to local administrative authorities, organisation of campaigns to raise awareness about particular issues, communicating with the media and drawing up media strategies, organisation of seminars, meetings with local people, the education of school pupils and students about human rights issues and the culture of peace and non-violence, raising awareness among local organisations about human rights issues, and organisation of “urgent appeals” for particular cases. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1284] => Array ( [objectID] => 1804 [title] => Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reseau-dalerte-et-dintervention-pour-les-droits-de-lhomme-raidh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/19af3d8a53d83df7d51101e3fa92b847_2.jpg [extrait] => The Alert and Intervention Network for Human Rights (Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) aims to organise, finance and support any work, initiatives, measures, ideas or discussions which aim to defend and promote human rights (particularly civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, […] [texte] => The Alert and Intervention Network for Human Rights (Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) aims to organise, finance and support any work, initiatives, measures, ideas or discussions which aim to defend and promote human rights (particularly civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, the right to a clean environment and sustainable development, and any other right connected to the human condition) in France and across the world.RAIDH also gets involved in actions which publicise violations of those same rights and which help to bring about significant progress in application of these rights. RAIDH bases its work on international, national and regional human rights law contained in internationally, nationally and regionally adopted or recognised texts and in international customary law.These rights are particularly but not exclusively contained in the following texts: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (New York Convention, 1948), the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (international humanitarian law); regional conventions: European Convention on Human Rights (Council of Europe), the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights (Organisation of American states), the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Organisation of African Unity), and any other international, nationally or regionally recognised text or regulation which aims to defend or promote human rights, taken here to mean political and civil rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, the right to a clean environment and sustainable development, and any other right connected to the human condition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1285] => Array ( [objectID] => 1806 [title] => Mauritanian Coalition Against Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/mauritanian-coalition-against-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c0e176d4627cf0b64adde0eb83f6ff61_2-300x200.png [extrait] => The main goals of the Mauritanian Coalition are the fight against death penalty, the defense of the universal human rights ideas, the struggle for equality between people, the promotion of peace in the world, and the cooperation between people. To achieve its goals, the Mauritanian Coalition’s main actions are conferences and workshops, and seminars for […] [texte] => The main goals of the Mauritanian Coalition are the fight against death penalty, the defense of the universal human rights ideas, the struggle for equality between people, the promotion of peace in the world, and the cooperation between people.To achieve its goals, the Mauritanian Coalition’s main actions are conferences and workshops, and seminars for local NGOs; sensitisation campaigns for the implementation of international laws; the development of partnerships; and the promotion of international cooperation in this field. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1286] => Array ( [objectID] => 1808 [title] => Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/michigan-committee-against-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment was organized in 1972 for research, publication, testimony and education on the evils of the death penalty. Nowadays, its main actions are legislative testimony, research, publications, film production, public speaking, literature and film distribution and abolitionist activities. [texte] => The Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment was organized in 1972 for research, publication, testimony and education on the evils of the death penalty.Nowadays, its main actions are legislative testimony, research, publications, film production, public speaking, literature and film distribution and abolitionist activities. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1287] => Array ( [objectID] => 1810 [title] => German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/german-coalition-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/German-Coalition-Logo-500x139.jpg [extrait] => The Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe e.V. (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty – GCADP) was founded in 1997 and is a non-profit organization since 2000. Our association is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. Our work is based on the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as […] [texte] => The Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe e.V. (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty - GCADP) was founded in 1997 and is a non-profit organization since 2000. Our association is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty.Our work is based on the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with its additional protocols and other human rights conventions.GCADP is convinced that the death penalty is a cruel form of punishment that violates human dignity. We respect the prisoner as a human being without accepting his crime.The focus of our activities is on well-founded educational work, non-partisan political commitment and the support of prisoners. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1288] => Array ( [objectID] => 1812 [title] => Equal Justice USA [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/equal-justice-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/90c81017c00793355d879732987e5c0a_2.jpg [extrait] => Equal Justice USA, founded in 1990, is a national organization that works to transform the justice system by promoting responses to violence that break cycles of trauma. We work at the intersection of criminal justice, public health, and racial justice to elevate healing over retribution, meet the needs of survivors, advance racial equity, and build […] [texte] => Equal Justice USA, founded in 1990, is a national organization that works to transform the justice system by promoting responses to violence that break cycles of trauma. We work at the intersection of criminal justice, public health, and racial justice to elevate healing over retribution, meet the needs of survivors, advance racial equity, and build community safety. Follow Equal Justice USA on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1289] => Array ( [objectID] => 1813 [title] => Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/cure/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/167811a85fc98cf1ca021c60eff308fb_2.gif [extrait] => Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) is a grassroots organization that was founded in Texas in 1972. It became a national organization in 1985. CURE believes that prisons should be used only for those who absolutely must be incarcerated and that those who are incarcerated should have all of the resources they need to […] [texte] => Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) is a grassroots organization that was founded in Texas in 1972. It became a national organization in 1985.CURE believes that prisons should be used only for those who absolutely must be incarcerated and that those who are incarcerated should have all of the resources they need to turn their lives around. The organisation also believes that human rights documents provide a sound basis for ensuring that criminal justice systems meet these goals.CURE supports repeal of the death penalty in all states and the federal government in the US. The organisation believes that innocent people are executed, that the death penalty is administered inequitably and that it does not deter crime.CURE is a membership organization. Its leaders come from the ranks of people formerly in prison and family members or friends of prisoners, and the vast majority of its funding comes from membership dues and contributions of members. It strives to provide its members with the information and tools necessary to help them understand the criminal justice system and to advocate for changes.CURE has country chapters that are very active all over the world: Nigeria-CURE, Ghana-CURE, Kenya-CURE, Senegal-CURE, Burundi-CURE, Zambia-CURE, Malawi-CURE and Rwanda-CURE.CURE has obtained consultative status with the United Nations, enabling it to participate in a wide range of discussions on issues affecting civil society. It is multi-layered with international, national, state/issue, and local chapters governed by CURE's constitution and bylaws. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1290] => Array ( [objectID] => 1775 [title] => HURILAWS [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hurilaws/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/55813dd2443cdb5929c8892129388b06_2.jpg [extrait] => HURILAWS began operations in 1997 as a specialist provider of human rights legal services and a purveyor of skills in the legal aspects of transition management. Today HURILAWS is also a public policy think tank working towards attainment of development, human rights and good governance. In particular, HURILAWS is the driver of the Multi-Sector Law […] [texte] => HURILAWS began operations in 1997 as a specialist provider of human rights legal services and a purveyor of skills in the legal aspects of transition management.Today HURILAWS is also a public policy think tank working towards attainment of development, human rights and good governance. In particular, HURILAWS is the driver of the Multi-Sector Law Group (MSLG), which is a multi-disciplinary network of civil society actors and organisations for democratic change in Nigeria.HURILAWS activities include litigation in the state and federal courts, the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights, the United Nations international human rights treaty based mechanisms, legislative advocacy, legal assistance, research and publications.HURILAWS is able to draw on the skills of a range of specialists in law, public and economic policy with a view to promoting human rights, good governance and development in Nigeria and Africa. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1291] => Array ( [objectID] => 1776 [title] => Lawyers For Human Rights International (LFHRI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lawyers-for-human-rights-international-lfhri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d303a2d0f75fd3744e90106a38e07473_2.gif [extrait] => In the early eighties, a group of lawyers committed to human rights work formed a loose group in order to defend the victims of state repression. In 1992, when the Punjab police and the security agencies who were operating in Punjab started a campaign to harass and kill human rights defenders and the group started […] [texte] => In the early eighties, a group of lawyers committed to human rights work formed a loose group in order to defend the victims of state repression.In 1992, when the Punjab police and the security agencies who were operating in Punjab started a campaign to harass and kill human rights defenders and the group started suffering losses, it formally organised under the name of "Lawyers For Human Rights", which later on came to be known as "Lawyers For Human Rights International".The organisation, which was initially formed to protect the lawyers themselves, later on proved to be an effective protector of human rights for the people.Among the many aims and objectives of the organisation are the provision of free legal aid to the poor, efforts to eradicate human rights abuses, the filing of public interest litigation on various human rights issues and projects to raise awareness about human rights among the general public. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1292] => Array ( [objectID] => 1777 [title] => Pax Christi Uvira asbl [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/pax-christi-uvira-asbl/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/12c7be46260a4264965deea8783a7bcf_2-300x297.jpg [extrait] => Pax Christi Uvira is a non-profit association (asbl) created in 2003 in Uvira (Diocese of Uvira) in the province of South Kivu, in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It joins the World Catholic Movement for Peace, PAX CHRISTI INTERNATIONAL, as a local group. It is an NGO under Congolese law (with legal […] [texte] => Pax Christi Uvira is a non-profit association (asbl) created in 2003 in Uvira (Diocese of Uvira) in the province of South Kivu, in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It joins the World Catholic Movement for Peace, PAX CHRISTI INTERNATIONAL, as a local group.It is an NGO under Congolese law (with legal personality No. 053/CAB/MIN/J&DH/2011), Christian, apolitical and autonomous, which works with all souls who love peace and human rights in ecumenism, without any distinction of religion, sex, race, age, ethnicity and social status. It bases its action on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, hence its intervention focuses on three main areas, namely:the promotion of peace, the defence and promotion of human rights and development.Its scope of action extends over three territories and the locality of Kamanyola in the province of South Kivu but also at the national and regional level: Central Africa of the African Great Lakes.Pax Christi Uvira asbl's vision is to contribute to the construction of a more fair world, committed to a culture of peace, justice and social progress. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1293] => Array ( [objectID] => 1778 [title] => Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/colegio-de-abogados-y-abogadas-de-puerto-rico/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1862c1c2a5d931f28e1882f9a20be60c_2.jpg [extrait] => The Puerto Rico Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico) represents all the attorneys in Puerto Rico, and has historically taken a very active role in the public debate. Since 2006 the Bar Association has been part of the World Coalition under the umbrella of the Puertorican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, […] [texte] => The Puerto Rico Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico) represents all the attorneys in Puerto Rico, and has historically taken a very active role in the public debate.Since 2006 the Bar Association has been part of the World Coalition under the umbrella of the Puertorican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, a group of various Puertorican organisations which oppose the death penalty.The federal death penalty is highly controversial in Puerto Rico. Local authorities prohibited capital punishment in 1929, and by constitutional mandate in 1952. However, given Puerto Rico’s relationship with the United States, it is subject to American federal law, and therefore to capital cases.Given the Bar Association's constitutional mandate, and to deal with the federal death penalty, the Bar created the Committee Against the Death Penalty. The problem was not only legal, but also social, so the Bar helped establish the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The Puerto Rican Coalition now includes civic, religious and labour groups (even the state prosecutors’ association).In 2008, the Coalition was given the Lighting the Torch award by the American National Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1294] => Array ( [objectID] => 1779 [title] => Association for the Right to Live [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-for-the-right-to-live/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Association for the Right to Life (ARL) was founded in Iran by Emadeddin Baghi, a writer and long-time human rights activist. Baghi was sentenced to three years in prison after writing an article against the death penalty in 2000. After his release, he established two human rights associations: – the Society for the defense […] [texte] => The Association for the Right to Life (ARL) was founded in Iran by Emadeddin Baghi, a writer and long-time human rights activist.Baghi was sentenced to three years in prison after writing an article against the death penalty in 2000. After his release, he established two human rights associations:- the Society for the defense of prisoners’ rights, which is now a well-known NGO in Iran;- The Association for the Right to Live, which was established in 2005.ARL was co-founded with Dr. Zarir merat and her spouse Azade Niknam and is the first NGO to advocate the abolition of the death penalty from within Iran.The Association hopes to start a website dedicated to the death penalty, which would also be a first in Iran.Emadeddin Baghi, who keeps writing about the death penalty, was again sentenced to three years in prison after the summer 2007 wave of executions in Iran. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1295] => Array ( [objectID] => 1780 [title] => The Advocates for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-advocates-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/dc5e7e5d37583650a2744c778ec57bd2_2.gif [extrait] => The mission of The Advocates for Human Rights is to implement international human rights standards in order to promote civil society and reinforce the rule of law. By involving volunteers in research, education, and advocacy, The Advocates build broad constituencies in the United States and select global communities. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal […] [texte] => The mission of The Advocates for Human Rights is to implement international human rights standards in order to promote civil society and reinforce the rule of law. By involving volunteers in research, education, and advocacy, The Advocates build broad constituencies in the United States and select global communities.In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates collaborates with members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to engage in documentation and advocacy on death penalty issues with United Nations and regional human rights mechanisms. It has conducted trainings and workshops with Coalition members on four continents on human rights fact-finding, monitoring, documentation, and advocacy to end the death penalty. It maintains a database of upcoming deadlines for civil society engagement with human rights mechanisms, available at https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/deadlines. It also offers a free 400-page toolkit called Human Rights Tools for a Changing World, available at https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/change. The Advocates is unable to finance abolitionist activities of other organizations but it welcomes proposals for collaboration, including technical assistance and capacity-building with Coalition members. Proposals that have the potential to engage The Advocates' pro bono volunteers are particularly welcome. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1296] => Array ( [objectID] => 1781 [title] => Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Liège [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-avocats-du-barreau-de-liege/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/5eb8aa5012375535dbad57ebd5dd5452_2.jpg [extrait] => The Liège Bar Association (Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Liège) is the representative and disciplinary body for the lawyers registered with the Liège Bar. It promotes their profession and defends the rights of individuals. Some 880 lawyers are registered with the Liège Bar. [texte] => The Liège Bar Association (Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Liège) is the representative and disciplinary body for the lawyers registered with the Liège Bar. It promotes their profession and defends the rights of individuals.Some 880 lawyers are registered with the Liège Bar. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1297] => Array ( [objectID] => 1783 [title] => Iraqi Coalition against Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/iraqi-coaltion-against-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Iraqi Coalition against Death Penalty (first called the Iraqi Alliance for the Prevention of the Death Penalty) promotes and enhances the values of human rights among Iraqi people. The Coalition works to define the culture of human rights in the judicial system. It also observes and documents violations of human rights in Iraq to […] [texte] => The Iraqi Coalition against Death Penalty (first called the Iraqi Alliance for the Prevention of the Death Penalty) promotes and enhances the values of human rights among Iraqi people. The Coalition works to define the culture of human rights in the judicial system. It also observes and documents violations of human rights in Iraq to prevent recurrence of such violations, working in co-operation and co-ordination with other human rights organization in Iraq and the world.The Coalition’s main actions are:• Preparing twenty-four workshops for women and the Teachers Institute on the definition of the draft Iraqi Constitution,• Organizing five workshops for the preparation of electoral observers and the control center of Iraqi parliamentary elections.The Coalition also distributes printed copy of the Universal Declaration of Human to citizens. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1298] => Array ( [objectID] => 1784 [title] => Hands Off Cain [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hands-off-cain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4e36c8b5d1871fb6356f3d1835c8f029_2.jpg [extrait] => Hands Off Cain is a league of citizens and parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. It was founded in Brussels in 1993. Hands Off Cain (HOC) is a non-profit organization and a constituent member of the Transnational Radical Party. The name “Hands Off Cain” is inspired by the Genesis. The first book […] [texte] => Hands Off Cain is a league of citizens and parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. It was founded in Brussels in 1993. Hands Off Cain (HOC) is a non-profit organization and a constituent member of the Transnational Radical Party.The name “Hands Off Cain” is inspired by the Genesis. The first book of the Bible includes not only the phrase “an eye for an eye” but also “And the Lord set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him”. Hands off Cain stands for justice without vengeance.A UN moratorium on executions is HOC’s main goal. The abolition of the death penalty cannot be imposed by decree. The moratorium can be viewed as a meeting point between abolitionists and retentionists. It allows retentionist states to take a step towards abolition, and helps abolitionists spare the lives of thousands of people. History has shown that after one, two or three years of moratorium it is difficult for a state to resume executions and the move often paves the way for complete abolition. This is what happened in many states, like the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia and South Africa.The Death Penalty Worldwide: Hands Off Cain’s annual report on the death penalty, published since 1997, gives a comprehensive overview of news, political and juridical developments, statistics and studies on the death penalty issue. This report has been an invaluable tool for activists working everywhere in the world for a new human right: not to be killed following a judicial measure or legal sentence. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1299] => Array ( [objectID] => 1785 [title] => Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/taiwan-alliance-to-end-the-death-penalty-taedp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/fbfec09e2a69041347896305e7dde4dc_2.png [extrait] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) is a coalition of local abolitionist NGOs and research institutes, which promotes the reform of Taiwan’s penal system in addition to advocating the abolition of the death penalty. It was launched in September 2003, by the Taiwan Association for Human Rights (TAHR), the Judicial Reform Foundation […] [texte] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) is a coalition of local abolitionist NGOs and research institutes, which promotes the reform of Taiwan’s penal system in addition to advocating the abolition of the death penalty.It was launched in September 2003, by the Taiwan Association for Human Rights (TAHR), the Judicial Reform Foundation (JRF), Fujen University John Paul II Peace Institute, the Chang Fo-chuan Center for the Study of Human Rights, the Taipei Bar Association (TBA) and the Peacetime Foundation.The TAEDP understands that Taiwan's society has not yet been exposed to a true debate on the death penalty, and that the general public seems to support capital punishment as a form of revenge.The Alliance therefore aims at creating an open discussion forum for the society on various issues regarding its abolition. It is particularly aware of the need to take victims' rights into account in penal reform.Taiwan underwent the world’s longest uninterrupted martial law rule from 1949 until 2000. During that time, 197 capital crimes were introduced in the state's legislation, 89 of which carry mandatory death sentences.Since 2000, newly elected leaders have been promising the abolition of the death penalty. The TAEDP wants the reform to be carried out and enshrined in Taiwan's constitution.Its advocacy and awareness efforts relies on the participation of prominent opinion leaders as well as visual artists to kick-start the debate on the island.Film festivals and photographic exhibitions are among the means the Alliance uses to achieve its goals. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1300] => Array ( [objectID] => 1790 [title] => Women’s Information Consultative Center [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/womens-information-consultative-center/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/74d3d32d45ef39ad03b55dd2f13b0ce3_2.jpg [extrait] => The main goal of the Women’s Information Consultative Center is to gather, generalise and disseminate information about women’s human rights and initiatives among women inside and outside Ukraine. Another goal of the Center is to create a discussion about gender issues in the political and social life of Ukraine to achieve real equality in society. […] [texte] => The main goal of the Women’s Information Consultative Center is to gather, generalise and disseminate information about women’s human rights and initiatives among women inside and outside Ukraine. Another goal of the Center is to create a discussion about gender issues in the political and social life of Ukraine to achieve real equality in society.Its actions consist in advocacy, research, publications, consultations and training. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ukraine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1301] => Array ( [objectID] => 1791 [title] => Norden Directions [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/norden-directions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Norden Directions is an Australian non-government organisation founded in 2009. It focuses on policy in relation to social justice and human rights issues both within Australia and overseas. It has contributed to the abolition of the death penalty internationally in public debate over the past decade. Its Director, Professor Peter Norden AO, is an experienced […] [texte] => Norden Directions is an Australian non-government organisation founded in 2009.It focuses on policy in relation to social justice and human rights issues both within Australia and overseas.It has contributed to the abolition of the death penalty internationally in public debate over the past decade.Its Director, Professor Peter Norden AO, is an experienced public advocate and social researcher based in Melbourne, Australia [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1302] => Array ( [objectID] => 1792 [title] => Prison Insider [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/prison-insider/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4e16421d3ee7d4baf869fedf15468765_2.jpg [extrait] => Prison Insider is a French independent NGO. Prison Insider’s main mission is to raise awareness about the conditions of detention and to promote the rights and dignity of people deprived of liberty, everywhere in the world. To reach its aims, the organisation primarily operates an information website. Prison Insider’s vocation is to make available and […] [texte] => Prison Insider is a French independent NGO. Prison Insider's main mission is to raise awareness about the conditions of detention and to promote the rights and dignity of people deprived of liberty, everywhere in the world. To reach its aims, the organisation primarily operates an information website.Prison Insider’s vocation is to make available and accessible to all - individuals, journalists, lawyers, civil servants, elected representatives, teachers, researchers, detainees’ relatives, NGO – all data related to imprisonnment.The work of Prison Insider is complementary to the work that is already out there. It gives an exposure to numerous actors mobilised on the field in all geographical areas by using a unified vocabulary and presentation, essential tools for the comparison of data. Prison Insider does not do advocacy work but offers the possibility for civil society organisations to seize the information and undertake their own advocacy work.Activities:INFORM.To have a collaborative information space, fed by a network of correspondents, on detention conditions for all to use.COMPARE.To allow, through an innovative mechanism, the comparison of data between different countries to promote good practices. We call on you to share any information on the conditions of detention on death row.TESTIFY.Prison Insider attaches the greatest importance to the words of the people concerned by the prison: prisoners themselves, parents, relatives.Photographs are also a major element in understanding real-life situations.Prison Insider mainly produces country-profiles, comparative studies, testimonies and portfolios.Its productions are available in French, English, Spanish and in the language of the country concerned. Follow Prison Insider on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1303] => Array ( [objectID] => 1793 [title] => Ordre des Barreaux Francophones et Germanophones de Belgique – OFBG [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-barreaux-francophones-et-germanophones-de-belgique-ofbg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/11020405a1c3447e8050c7b84d512678_2.gif [extrait] => The French- and German-speaking bars association (Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone, OBFG) brings together 10 French-speaking bar association and one German-speaking. It is regulated by Belgian penal laws. [texte] => The French- and German-speaking bars association (Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone, OBFG) brings together 10 French-speaking bar association and one German-speaking.It is regulated by Belgian penal laws. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1304] => Array ( [objectID] => 1794 [title] => Ordre des avocats de Genève [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-avocats-de-geneve/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6a59d2087e4a09d42677bae373acea4b_2.gif [extrait] => The Geneva Bar association (Ordre des Avocats de Genève) represents lawyers before the authorities, other regional bar associations, foreign bar associations and the Swiss Lawyers’ Federation. At the same time, it looks after the strict application of ethical and deontological standards. The Geneva Bar association was a partner of the 4th World Congress Against the […] [texte] => The Geneva Bar association (Ordre des Avocats de Genève) represents lawyers before the authorities, other regional bar associations, foreign bar associations and the Swiss Lawyers’ Federation. At the same time, it looks after the strict application of ethical and deontological standards.The Geneva Bar association was a partner of the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty organised in February 2010 in Geneva. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1305] => Array ( [objectID] => 1755 [title] => Human Rights and Democracy Media Center (SHAMS) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-and-democracy-media-center-shams/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2ba0bb7f5d3bc833fbf3e7fbb09b6700_2-300x300.gif [extrait] => Human Rights and Democracy Media Center “SHAMS” is a Palestinian non-governmental non-profit organization, established in 2003 in Ramallah by a group of academicians, educated, advocates and human rights activists .“SHAMS” Center holds Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations “SHAMS” Center believes that dissemination and generalization of human […] [texte] => Human Rights and Democracy Media Center “SHAMS” is a Palestinian non-governmental non-profit organization, established in 2003 in Ramallah by a group of academicians, educated, advocates and human rights activists .“SHAMS” Center holds Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations“SHAMS” Center believes that dissemination and generalization of human rights should be tackled ‎from a holistic approach that takes into consideration the civil, political, economic, social and cultural ‎rights, and their mutual interdependence on each other.‎“SHAMS” aims mainly at providing capacity building to organizations and individuals (especially women ‎and youth) in the fields of human rights and democratic participation.‎We try and achieve this through two main approaches. The first is direct engagement with local ‎communities through our vast network of human rights activist on-the-ground in villages throughout ‎the West Bank. In this capacity, we provide workshops, training courses, and other such activities to ‎enable people to take up and demand their own rights. Our other approach is to utilize the media to ‎spread information to a wider audience (through a bi-weekly TV-program and regular radio and TV ‎appearances).‎Goals and Objectives:1. Dissemination of information about human rights, democracy, and good governance issues ‎through the utilization of the media2. Opposing death penalty3. Promotion of the concepts of human rights in Palestinian legislation.4. Strengthening the role of Youth & women within their communities5. Capacity building and strengthening the relationship and cooperation between local, regional ‎and international institutions.6. Promoting change within society, especially countering stereotypes and biases towards ‎women, increasing values of tolerance, and awareness of democratic principles and ‎participation.“SHAMS” Programs:• Combating death penalty program: This aims at abolishing death penalty from the legislations applied in Palestine, and enacting Palestinian legislations which respect and protect the right to life and combat death penalty. And encouraging the president not to approve death sentences inflicted by Palestinian tribunals to correspond to the increasing international approach to stop executing this penalty. Additionally, providing guarantees of the fair trial and not prosecuting Palestinian civilians before military tribunals. And calling the president for using the constitutional authorities in granting a special pardon, and fulfilling Palestinian commitments to international agreements and conventions that Palestine accessed to.• Human rights program which contains capacity building “training” besides raising awareness, education, lobbying & advocacy, legal aid and assistance, researches and studies.• Human rights’ media program which includes (opinion & issues program): TV and radio dialogue episodes, written and TV human rights’ report, radio drama, a (newspaper) supplement, the monthly electronic newsletter and press releases.• Human rights program for Palestinian security sector and Sharia faculties’ students which contains the forum of enhancing human rights within the Palestinian security sector as well as including the concepts of human rights’ concepts for Sharia faculties’ students in the Palestinian universities.• Enhancing Women access to justice. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1306] => Array ( [objectID] => 1756 [title] => ACAT France [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-france/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/363a2da71b9266b98ded9c14a5c4bcec_2.jpg [extrait] => ACAT-France – Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture – is a human rights NGO that campaigns for the abolition of torture and the death penalty, and defends the right to asylum. Founded in 1974, ACAT-France has 28,000 members, including nearly 6,000 supporters and a team of 25 professionals working in its national secretariat. […] [texte] => ACAT-France - Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture - is a human rights NGO that campaigns for the abolition of torture and the death penalty, and defends the right to asylum.Founded in 1974, ACAT-France has 28,000 members, including nearly 6,000 supporters and a team of 25 professionals working in its national secretariat. It is a member of the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (CNCDH) reporting to the Prime Minister.Acting for the abolition of torture and all forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, ACAT-France conducts advocacy and lobbies governments and international bodies. These actions have the following objectives: the protection of victims of human rights violations, inhuman and degrading treatment, torture, as well as of persons likely to be tortured, executed or imprisoned without trial; the condemnation of torturers; the establishment of national and international monitoring bodies. It is the first ACAT (founded in 1974) and a founding member of the International Federation of ACAT - FIACAT, created in 1987.ACAT-France raises awareness, alerts and mobilizes public opinion. It intervenes in schools and universities to raise awareness and educate young people about human rights. To this end, it designs dedicated materials and tools, co-publishes and co-produces cultural works: books, films, documentaries, etc. It organizes conferences and debates throughout France. These actions aim to change mentalities, to create a favorable ground for the abolition of torture and executions.The association defends the right to asylum, and for more than 20 years has been providing legal services to welcome and accompany asylum seekers and refugees in France. ACAT-France is a member of the French Coordination for the Right of Asylum (CFDA) and of the National Association for Border Assistance for Foreigners (ANAFE). It supports refugees and works for the evolution of legislation and practices concerning asylum in France and in Europe.Every year, ACAT-France contributes to improve access to law and justice and to the liberation of hundreds of people who are victims of serious and sometimes fatal human rights violations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1307] => Array ( [objectID] => 1758 [title] => Hope and Justice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hope-and-justice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3689e889b54d85f9aecc7bb7548c8228_2.gif [extrait] => Hope and Justice is a small association founded after a plea for help from two prisoners sentenced to death, Justin Fuller and Carl Brooks. The initial aim was to save their lives by raising awareness among the greatest number of people possible of their cases and a fund for their defence. Justin Fuller was executed […] [texte] => Hope and Justice is a small association founded after a plea for help from two prisoners sentenced to death, Justin Fuller and Carl Brooks. The initial aim was to save their lives by raising awareness among the greatest number of people possible of their cases and a fund for their defence. Justin Fuller was executed in August 2006 and Carl Brooks' sentence was commuted to lifetime imprisonment in June 2007.Respecting a request by Justin Fuller before his execution, the volunteers from Hope and Justice decided to continue their fight against the death penalty and its assistance to prisoners. The association supports the prisoners on the death rows in Polunsky (Texas) and Raidford (Florida) prisons, easing their daily lives and relieving their solitude. Thanks to collections from the public, Hope and Justice provides them with financial help, magazine subscriptions, books and presents for Christmas and their birthdays. It helps set up defence funds.The association facilitates their contact with pen pals and organises a ten-day visit twice a year to the supported prisoners. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1308] => Array ( [objectID] => 1762 [title] => American Friends Service Committee [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/american-friends-service-committee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ac12ecd89befbc49901e8e17930163f2_2.jpg [extrait] => The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) carries out service, development, social justice and peace programs throughout the world. It was founded by Quakers during World War 1 to provide conscientious objectors with an opportunity to aid civilian war victims. The AFSC’s work is based on the Quaker belief in the worth of every person, and […] [texte] => The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) carries out service, development, social justice and peace programs throughout the world.It was founded by Quakers during World War 1 to provide conscientious objectors with an opportunity to aid civilian war victims.The AFSC's work is based on the Quaker belief in the worth of every person, and faith in the power of love to overcome violence and injustice. The organisation believes that the Spirit of God can lead us to transform conditions and relationships between human beings.It does not consider this gift to be the exclusive possession of any group, and therefore attracts the support and partnership of people of many races, religions, and cultures.The organisation's mission and achievements won worldwide recognition when it received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947.The AFSC supports the Quaker belief that every person has value in the eyes of God, that human life is sacred, and that taking the life of another human being is never justified.Its US national criminal justice programme highlights the fact that the death penalty targets people who have little or no money, which by and large means people of colour and those unable to afford defence.The AFSC considers that the death penalty does not serve as a deterrent to crime and has been used to execute innocent people. The organisation also denounces the fact that the death penalty takes valuable resources away from more effective ways of combating crime. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1309] => Array ( [objectID] => 1763 [title] => Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-marocaine-des-droits-humains-amdh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/60f14fca2b1b78e3dcff16ecc865eb21_2.gif [extrait] => Association marocaine des droits humains (AMDH) works towards safeguarding human dignity and for the respect, defence and promotion of human rights. Convinced of the universal nature of these rights, the AMDH bases its action on the international agreements which defend them. It campaigns for them to be respected in the political, civil, economic, social and […] [texte] => Association marocaine des droits humains (AMDH) works towards safeguarding human dignity and for the respect, defence and promotion of human rights. Convinced of the universal nature of these rights, the AMDH bases its action on the international agreements which defend them. It campaigns for them to be respected in the political, civil, economic, social and cultural spheres.The Association is open to all citizens, except those who prejudice human rights. Its main aims are:- dispersion and circulation of information and education on human rights, particularly through its publications;- ratification by Morocco of all international human rights conventions and inclusion of their provisions in Moroccan legislation;- criticism of human rights violations and victim support.The AMDH, which has 65 local sections, holds its national congress every three years. This congress elects an administrative committee which meets four times a year.This committee in turn elects the members of the central office which meets twice a month. The AMDH calls for the abolition of the death penalty and would like to see all those fighting for human rights and democracy join a national campaign against what itterms “inhuman punishment”. To this end, it participates in the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1310] => Array ( [objectID] => 1764 [title] => Amnesty International (AI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/amnesty-international-ai/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/dc851460b75a2d94cf514ea28086d139_2.jpg [extrait] => Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide voluntary activist movement working for human rights. It is independent of any government, political ideology, or religious creed, economic interest or religion. It does not support or oppose any government or political system, nor does it support or oppose the views of the victims whose rights it seeks to […] [texte] => Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide voluntary activist movement working for human rights.It is independent of any government, political ideology, or religious creed, economic interest or religion. It does not support or oppose any government or political system, nor does it support or oppose the views of the victims whose rights it seeks to protect. It is concerned solely with the impartial protection of human rights.AI mobilizes volunteer activists: people who give freely of their time and energy in solidarity with the victims of human rights abuses. AI has a varied network of members and supporters around the world.At the latest count there were more than 7 million members, supporters and subscribers in over 150 countries and territories in every region of the world.AI members come from many different backgrounds, with widely different political and religious beliefs, united by a determination to work for a world where everyone enjoys human rights.AI members may be organized in one of several thousand groups in local communities, schools and colleges. Tens of thousands of members also participate in networks working on particular countries and themes or using particular campaigning techniques.AI believes the death penalty to be the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, which has never been shown to deter crime more effectively than other punishments. It violates the right to life. The organisation works for an end to executions and the abolition of the death penalty everywhere. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1311] => Array ( [objectID] => 1765 [title] => Arab Coalition Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/arab-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Within the framework of its European Commission-sponsored programme against the death penalty, Penal Reform International (PRI), together with the Amman Centre for Human Rights Studies (ACHRS), organised a regional conference in Amman, Jordan, on July 2 and 3, 2007 to develop a regional strategy to advance the abolition of the death Penalty in the Arab […] [texte] => Within the framework of its European Commission-sponsored programme against the death penalty, Penal Reform International (PRI), together with the Amman Centre for Human Rights Studies (ACHRS), organised a regional conference in Amman, Jordan, on July 2 and 3, 2007 to develop a regional strategy to advance the abolition of the death Penalty in the Arab World.The conference then concluded by the formation of a regional coalition against the death penalty composed of national coalitions from Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine and Yemen, with an open invitation for future national coalitions from other Arab countries to join in.Its aim is to reach an Arab society free of death penalty where the rule of law, sanctity of human life, human rights and tolerance prevail.The objectives of the Arab Coalition are as follows:- To ensure the appropriation and the continuation of the programme challenging DP when PRI’s programme comes to an end.- To work towards enlarging the membership of the regional coalition by inviting other Arab countries to challenge death penalty.- To join the world movement against death penalty in celebrating the World Day Against Death Penalty on the October 10.- To encourage the most advanced country on the path to the abolition of the death penalty to host a regional gathering on the World Day Against Death Penalty.- To establish an Arab observatory of the death penalty under the supervision of PRI (Amman Office) and ACHRS.- To adopt the date of the first abolition in the Arab World as the Arab day against death penalty.- To facilitate the exchange of expertise and good practices among national coalitions.- To promote research and studies on alternatives to the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1312] => Array ( [objectID] => 1766 [title] => Iran Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/iran-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f8125cec62f7c667a96c4d5feafb6e90_2.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) is a non-profit politically independent NGO with a mission to build a strong civil society by empowering citizens, promoting and defending human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of the main objectives of IHR’s activities. With its broad network of […] [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) is a non-profit politically independent NGO with a mission to build a strong civil society by empowering citizens, promoting and defending human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of the main objectives of IHR's activities.With its broad network of human rights defenders inside Iran, IHR has been able to provide a more accurate assessment of human rights violations, especially the death penalty in Iran. Iran Human Rights has been publishing its annual report on the death penalty in Iran since 2008 and has become an international authority on the subject due to their sources and diligence in reporting. As well as researching, monitoring and reporting on human rights abuses in Iran, IHR also organises campaigns, meetings, press conferences, educations courses and exhibitions in line with its mission statement. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1313] => Array ( [objectID] => 1767 [title] => Magistrats européens pour la démocratie et les libertés (MEDEL) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/magistrats-europeens-pour-la-democratie-et-les-libertes-medel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6e26c0342bcec9ec9a7549ef9362afac_2.jpg [extrait] => European Judges and Public Prosecutors for Democracy and Fundamental Rights (Magistrats européens pour la démocratie et les libertés – MEDEL)) is an association regrouping 23 association of judges and prosecutors coming from 16 European countries. Its activities are centred on debates and studies on the independence of the judiciary and international judicial co-operation, in connection […] [texte] => European Judges and Public Prosecutors for Democracy and Fundamental Rights (Magistrats européens pour la démocratie et les libertés - MEDEL)) is an association regrouping 23 association of judges and prosecutors coming from 16 European countries. Its activities are centred on debates and studies on the independence of the judiciary and international judicial co-operation, in connection with the protection of human rights. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1314] => Array ( [objectID] => 1768 [title] => Bahrain Human Rights Society [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bahrain-human-rights-society/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0de56fe10d52c706951c164e08a0c9d5_2.jpg [extrait] => The Bahrain Human Rights Society is a non-governmental organization established in May 2001 and is registered with the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain under registration No. ( /ج/ت.ث 142). The Society was the first licensed society in the Kingdom of Bahrain specializing in the field of human rights. The Society seeks […] [texte] => The Bahrain Human Rights Society is a non-governmental organization established in May 2001 and is registered with the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain under registration No. ( /ج/ت.ث 142). The Society was the first licensed society in the Kingdom of Bahrain specializing in the field of human rights.The Society seeks to achieve, maintain, and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms contained in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain and the charters of the United Nations, foremost of which is the International Covenant on Human Rights, covenants, charters, declarations, and protocols issued by the United Nations and other international organizations concerned with human rights.The Society cooperates with regional and international organizations working in the field of human rights. BHRS is a member of the International Federation for Human Rights ( FiDH – www.fidh.org), the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ( WCADP – www.worldcoalition.org), the Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND – www.annd.org), and the Arab Organization for Human Rights (AOHR – wwwaohr.net). BHRS also cooperates closely with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Right (UN OHCHR – www.ohchr.org). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1315] => Array ( [objectID] => 1769 [title] => Belarusian Helsinki Committee [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/belarusian-helsinki-committee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/889bb03bf25465622f7ebb82c66b9fe7_2.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 1995, the National Human Rights Public Association “Belarusian Helsinki Committee” is one of the oldest human rights defenders organizations in Belarus. The list of its founders includes the nation’s most prominent leaders such as Vasil’ Bykau, Sviatlana Alexievich (Nobel prize in literature 2015). BHC sees as its main objective creating of civic context, […] [texte] => Founded in 1995, the National Human Rights Public Association “Belarusian Helsinki Committee” is one of the oldest human rights defenders organizations in Belarus. The list of its founders includes the nation’s most prominent leaders such as Vasil' Bykau, Sviatlana Alexievich (Nobel prize in literature 2015).BHC sees as its main objective creating of civic context, in which citizens, businesses and the government would realize that a comfortable and convenient living environment in the country may only be established through active participation and collaboration of all actors. In this way, the Committee promotes human rights as paramount element of economic and human development.BHC works mainly on six major human rights topics, such as: business and human rights (the topic has never been widely discussed in Belarus, and BHC is in fact pioneering business and human rights), discrimination (BHC carries out research and promotes the introduction of special anti-discrimination legislation), human rights based approach (BHC promotes incorporation of human rights instruments in project development at various levels), international human rights mechanisms (BHC promotes the use of the mechanisms by non-human rights organizations and develops electronic resources for assisting these organizations); national human rights mechanisms (BHC examines the legislation and addresses its gaps in order to provide as many protective measures as possible); death penalty (BHC carries out research and opens new aspects of death penalty such as overall brutalization of societies in which death penalty is practiced, for those interested).The BHC’s main ways of working include legal aid, monitoring, analysis, reporting and informing on human rights situation, advocacy, training, and communication campaigns. BHC has extensive experience of cooperation with UN international mechanisms. Alone and with other CSOs, the Committee has prepared and presented alternative reports on ICCPR, ICESCR, CEDAW, UPR and cooperated with various UN special rapporteurs. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1316] => Array ( [objectID] => 1770 [title] => Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-nationale-tunisienne-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0359385adcd8774fd3070f02520aa9d0_2-300x200.png [extrait] => The National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM) was founded in 2007 and legally recognized in 2012 after the fall of dictator Ben Ali. The CTCPM continues many generations of activist’ fight for the abolition of the death penalty since the mid-1970s. The CTCPM’s objectives are written down in its charter: – Achieving the abolition […] [texte] => The National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM) was founded in 2007 and legally recognized in 2012 after the fall of dictator Ben Ali. The CTCPM continues many generations of activist' fight for the abolition of the death penalty since the mid-1970s. The CTCPM's objectives are written down in its charter:- Achieving the abolition of the death penalty in Tunisia- Promoting a citizen's movement in favour of the abolition- Work with the authorities to make Tunisia join the abolitionist States sideThe National Coalition gathers eight associations:1- Ligue Tunisienne de Défense des Droits de l’Homme (Tunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights - LTDH)2- Organisation Contre la Torture en Tunisie (Organisation Against Torture in Tunisia - OCTT)3- Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates (Tunisian Association of Democractic Women - ATFD)4- Institut Arabe des Droits de l’Homme (Arab Institute for Human Rights - IADH)- Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates (Tunisian Association of Democrat Women - ATFD)5- Association des Femmes Tunisiennes pour la Recherche et le Développement (Association of Tunisian Women for Research and Development - AFTURD)6- Réseau Doustourna (Doustourna Network)7- Ligue des Ecrivains Tunisiens Libres (League of the Free Tunisian Authors - LETL)8- Centre de Tunis pour la liberté de la presse (Tunis Center for Freedom of the Press) [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1317] => Array ( [objectID] => 1771 [title] => Human Rights Watch [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-watch/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/dc77de13474758436600b0909a87c37b_2.gif [extrait] => Human Rights Watch is a nonprofit, nongovernmental human rights organization made up of more than 275 staff members around the globe. Its staff consists of human rights professionals including country experts, lawyers, journalists, and academics of diverse backgrounds and nationalities. Human Rights Watch is known for its accurate fact-finding, impartial reporting, effective use of media, […] [texte] => Human Rights Watch is a nonprofit, nongovernmental human rights organization made up of more than 275 staff members around the globe. Its staff consists of human rights professionals including country experts, lawyers, journalists, and academics of diverse backgrounds and nationalities.Human Rights Watch is known for its accurate fact-finding, impartial reporting, effective use of media, and targeted advocacy, often in partnership with local human rights groups. Each year, Human Rights Watch publishes more than 100 reports and briefings on human rights conditions in some 80 countries, generating extensive coverage in local and international media.The organisation supports the victims and those who defend human rights to prevent all forms of discrimination, preserve political freedom and protect individuals against inhuman behaviour at times of war.It calls on governments and people in power to end practices that contradict human rights and to abide by international law in this field. Human Rights Watch invites the general public and the international community to take part in the defense of human rights for all.With the leverage its work brings, Human Rights Watch meets with governments, the United Nations, regional groups like the African Union and the European Union, financial institutions, and corporations to press for changes in policy and practice that promote human rights and justice around the world.Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1318] => Array ( [objectID] => 1772 [title] => Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l’Homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ligue-ivoirienne-des-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1d98c46f57e44922c08cd7d383149394_2.gif [extrait] => The Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l’Homme [Ivory Coast Human Rights League, LIDHO] is politically and religiously independent. Its main aim is to work towards creating a state of law in Ivory Coast. To achieve that objective, it works in particular towards strengthening the legal system and ensuring an independent justice system and fair and […] [texte] => The Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l’Homme [Ivory Coast Human Rights League, LIDHO] is politically and religiously independent. Its main aim is to work towards creating a state of law in Ivory Coast.To achieve that objective, it works in particular towards strengthening the legal system and ensuring an independent justice system and fair and effective civil and political rights. In concrete terms, LIDHO organises campaigns and demonstrations denouncing human rights violations and arranges training, awareness raising, lobbying and legal assistance for the victims of human rights violations it welcomes and listens to.In particular, it has put in place the Human Rights and Freedoms Observatory in the academic environment and the Rights of People Living with HIV-AIDS Observatory.Created on 21 March 1987, LIDHO had to wait until 1990 for official recognition. It survives on subscriptions from its members and financing from overseas partners, including Oxfam Novib, the European Union, the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the National Democracy Institute. LIDHO received the Freedom Prize of the Republic of France in 1993.Locally, LIDHO units cover the entire country. The League is also part of several Ivory Coast bodies, the International Human Rights Union (UIDH) and the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1319] => Array ( [objectID] => 1774 [title] => Collectif des Organisations des Jeunes Solidaires (COJESKI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/collectif-des-organisations-des-jeunes-solidaires-cojeski/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c59647ebe1607c426ecfcb7ba63cda6c_2.gif [extrait] => The Collectif des organisations des jeunes solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa RDC [Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC, COJESKI-RDC] is a platform consisting of 340 youth organisations which has been operating in Congo-Zaire since 1995. Its main aim is to promote and defend positive human values, sustainable development and good governance of the Democratic Republic […] [texte] => The Collectif des organisations des jeunes solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa RDC [Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC, COJESKI-RDC] is a platform consisting of 340 youth organisations which has been operating in Congo-Zaire since 1995.Its main aim is to promote and defend positive human values, sustainable development and good governance of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It endeavours to involve young people in this objective and allow young people to participate in decision-making in the country.COJESKI currently has 11 offices in the DRC, in locations ranging from from Kinshasa to Bukavu. It is also represented in 15 countries in Europe, America and Africa.It is a member of several collectives in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including the Congo National Human Rights NGO Network (RENADHOC).Internationally, COJESKI supports the Coalition for International Criminal Court (CICC), the International Peace Bureau and other global networks.It has observer status at the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and consultant status at the UN Economic and Social Council. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1320] => Array ( [objectID] => 432 [title] => Turkey [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/turkey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1321] => Array ( [objectID] => 433 [title] => Turkmenistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/turkmenistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkmenistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1322] => Array ( [objectID] => 434 [title] => Uganda [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/uganda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1323] => Array ( [objectID] => 435 [title] => Ukraine [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/ukraine/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ukraine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1324] => Array ( [objectID] => 436 [title] => United Arab Emirates [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/united-arab-emirates/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Arab Emirates ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1325] => Array ( [objectID] => 437 [title] => United Kingdom [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/united-kingdom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1326] => Array ( [objectID] => 438 [title] => United Republic of Tanzania [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/united-republic-of-tanzania/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1327] => Array ( [objectID] => 439 [title] => United States [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601049494452'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='687px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='687px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='542px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1328] => Array ( [objectID] => 440 [title] => Uruguay [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/uruguay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uruguay ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1329] => Array ( [objectID] => 441 [title] => Uzbekistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/uzbekistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1330] => Array ( [objectID] => 442 [title] => Vanuatu [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/vanuatu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Vanuatu ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1331] => Array ( [objectID] => 443 [title] => Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/venezuela-bolivarian-republic-of/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1332] => Array ( [objectID] => 444 [title] => Viet Nam [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/viet-nam/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1333] => Array ( [objectID] => 445 [title] => Zambia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/zambia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1334] => Array ( [objectID] => 446 [title] => Zimbabwe [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/zimbabwe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1335] => Array ( [objectID] => 412 [title] => Somalia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/somalia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Somalia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1336] => Array ( [objectID] => 413 [title] => South Africa [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/south-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => South Africa ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1337] => Array ( [objectID] => 414 [title] => South Sudan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/south-sudan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => South Sudan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1338] => Array ( [objectID] => 415 [title] => Spain [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/spain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1339] => Array ( [objectID] => 416 [title] => Sri Lanka [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/sri-lanka/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1340] => Array ( [objectID] => 417 [title] => Sudan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/sudan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sudan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1341] => Array ( [objectID] => 418 [title] => Suriname [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/suriname/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Suriname ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1342] => Array ( [objectID] => 419 [title] => Eswatini [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/eswatini/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Eswatini ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1343] => Array ( [objectID] => 420 [title] => Sweden [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/sweden/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sweden ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1344] => Array ( [objectID] => 421 [title] => Switzerland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/switzerland/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1345] => Array ( [objectID] => 422 [title] => Syrian Arab Republic [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/syrian-arab-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Syrian Arab Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1346] => Array ( [objectID] => 423 [title] => Taiwan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1347] => Array ( [objectID] => 424 [title] => Tajikistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/tajikistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tajikistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1348] => Array ( [objectID] => 425 [title] => Thailand [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/thailand/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1349] => Array ( [objectID] => 426 [title] => North Macedonia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/north-macedonia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => North Macedonia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1350] => Array ( [objectID] => 427 [title] => Timor-Leste [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/timor-leste/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Timor-Leste ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1351] => Array ( [objectID] => 428 [title] => Togo [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/togo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1352] => Array ( [objectID] => 429 [title] => Tonga [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/tonga/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tonga ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1353] => Array ( [objectID] => 430 [title] => Trinidad and Tobago [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/trinidad-and-tobago/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1354] => Array ( [objectID] => 431 [title] => Tunisia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/tunisia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1355] => Array ( [objectID] => 392 [title] => Republic of Korea [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/republic-of-korea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1356] => Array ( [objectID] => 393 [title] => Moldova [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/moldova/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Moldova ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1357] => Array ( [objectID] => 394 [title] => Romania [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/romania/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Romania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1358] => Array ( [objectID] => 395 [title] => Russian Federation [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/russian-federation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Russian Federation ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1359] => Array ( [objectID] => 396 [title] => Rwanda [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/rwanda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Rwanda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1360] => Array ( [objectID] => 397 [title] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/saint-kitts-and-nevis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saint Kitts and Nevis ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1361] => Array ( [objectID] => 398 [title] => Saint Lucia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/saint-lucia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saint Lucia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1362] => Array ( [objectID] => 399 [title] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1363] => Array ( [objectID] => 400 [title] => Samoa [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/samoa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Samoa ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1364] => Array ( [objectID] => 401 [title] => San Marino [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/san-marino/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => San Marino ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1365] => Array ( [objectID] => 402 [title] => Sao Tome and Principe [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/sao-tome-and-principe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sao Tome and Principe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1366] => Array ( [objectID] => 403 [title] => Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1367] => Array ( [objectID] => 404 [title] => Senegal [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/senegal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Senegal ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1368] => Array ( [objectID] => 405 [title] => Serbia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/serbia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Serbia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1369] => Array ( [objectID] => 406 [title] => Seychelles [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/seychelles/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Seychelles ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1370] => Array ( [objectID] => 407 [title] => Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/sierra-leone/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1371] => Array ( [objectID] => 408 [title] => Singapore [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/singapore/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1372] => Array ( [objectID] => 409 [title] => Slovakia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/slovakia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Slovakia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1373] => Array ( [objectID] => 410 [title] => Slovenia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/slovenia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Slovenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1374] => Array ( [objectID] => 411 [title] => Solomon Islands [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/solomon-islands/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Solomon Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1375] => Array ( [objectID] => 372 [title] => Nauru [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/nauru/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nauru ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1376] => Array ( [objectID] => 373 [title] => Nepal [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/nepal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nepal ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1377] => Array ( [objectID] => 374 [title] => Netherlands [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/netherlands/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Netherlands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1378] => Array ( [objectID] => 375 [title] => New Zealand [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/new-zealand/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => New Zealand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1379] => Array ( [objectID] => 376 [title] => Nicaragua [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/nicaragua/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nicaragua ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1380] => Array ( [objectID] => 377 [title] => Niger [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/niger/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1381] => Array ( [objectID] => 378 [title] => Nigeria [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/nigeria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1382] => Array ( [objectID] => 379 [title] => Norway [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/norway/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Norway ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1383] => Array ( [objectID] => 380 [title] => Oman [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/oman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Oman ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1384] => Array ( [objectID] => 381 [title] => Palau [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/palau/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Palau ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1385] => Array ( [objectID] => 382 [title] => State of Palestine [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/state-of-palestine/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1386] => Array ( [objectID] => 383 [title] => Panama [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/panama/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Panama ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1387] => Array ( [objectID] => 384 [title] => Papua New Guinea [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/papua-new-guinea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1388] => Array ( [objectID] => 385 [title] => Paraguay [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/paraguay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Paraguay ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1389] => Array ( [objectID] => 386 [title] => Peru [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/peru/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Peru ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1390] => Array ( [objectID] => 387 [title] => Philippines [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1391] => Array ( [objectID] => 388 [title] => Poland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/poland/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Poland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1392] => Array ( [objectID] => 389 [title] => Portugal [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/portugal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Portugal ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1393] => Array ( [objectID] => 391 [title] => Qatar [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/qatar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Qatar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1394] => Array ( [objectID] => 352 [title] => Lithuania [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/lithuania/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lithuania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1395] => Array ( [objectID] => 353 [title] => Luxembourg [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/luxembourg/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Luxembourg ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1396] => Array ( [objectID] => 354 [title] => Madagascar [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/madagascar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Madagascar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1397] => Array ( [objectID] => 355 [title] => Malawi [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/malawi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1398] => Array ( [objectID] => 356 [title] => Malaysia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1399] => Array ( [objectID] => 357 [title] => Maldives [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/maldives/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1400] => Array ( [objectID] => 358 [title] => Mali [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/mali/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mali ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1401] => Array ( [objectID] => 359 [title] => Malta [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/malta/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malta ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1402] => Array ( [objectID] => 360 [title] => Marshall Islands [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/marshall-islands/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Marshall Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1403] => Array ( [objectID] => 361 [title] => Mauritania [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/mauritania/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1404] => Array ( [objectID] => 362 [title] => Mauritius [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/mauritius/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritius ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1405] => Array ( [objectID] => 363 [title] => Mexico [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/mexico/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mexico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1406] => Array ( [objectID] => 364 [title] => Micronesia (Federated States of) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/micronesia-federated-states-of/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Micronesia (Federated States of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1407] => Array ( [objectID] => 365 [title] => Monaco [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/monaco/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Monaco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1408] => Array ( [objectID] => 366 [title] => Mongolia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/mongolia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mongolia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1409] => Array ( [objectID] => 367 [title] => Montenegro [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/montenegro/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Montenegro ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1410] => Array ( [objectID] => 368 [title] => Morocco [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/morocco/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1411] => Array ( [objectID] => 369 [title] => Mozambique [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/mozambique/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mozambique ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1412] => Array ( [objectID] => 370 [title] => Myanmar [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/myanmar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1413] => Array ( [objectID] => 371 [title] => Namibia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/namibia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Namibia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1414] => Array ( [objectID] => 332 [title] => Indonesia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1415] => Array ( [objectID] => 333 [title] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/iran-islamic-republic-of/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1416] => Array ( [objectID] => 334 [title] => Iraq [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/iraq/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1417] => Array ( [objectID] => 335 [title] => Ireland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/ireland/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ireland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1418] => Array ( [objectID] => 336 [title] => Israel [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/israel/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Israel ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1419] => Array ( [objectID] => 337 [title] => Italy [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/italy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1420] => Array ( [objectID] => 338 [title] => Jamaica [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/jamaica/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jamaica ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1421] => Array ( [objectID] => 339 [title] => Japan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1422] => Array ( [objectID] => 340 [title] => Jordan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/jordan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1423] => Array ( [objectID] => 341 [title] => Kazakhstan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kazakhstan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1424] => Array ( [objectID] => 342 [title] => Kenya [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kenya/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1425] => Array ( [objectID] => 343 [title] => Kiribati [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kiribati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kiribati ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1426] => Array ( [objectID] => 344 [title] => Kuwait [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kuwait/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kuwait ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1427] => Array ( [objectID] => 345 [title] => Kyrgyzstan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kyrgyzstan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kyrgyzstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1428] => Array ( [objectID] => 346 [title] => Lao People’s Democratic Republic [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lao People's Democratic Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1429] => Array ( [objectID] => 347 [title] => Latvia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/latvia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Latvia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1430] => Array ( [objectID] => 348 [title] => Lebanon [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/lebanon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1431] => Array ( [objectID] => 349 [title] => Lesotho [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/lesotho/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lesotho ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1432] => Array ( [objectID] => 350 [title] => Liberia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/liberia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1433] => Array ( [objectID] => 351 [title] => Libya [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/libya/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Libya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1434] => Array ( [objectID] => 312 [title] => Estonia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/estonia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Estonia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1435] => Array ( [objectID] => 313 [title] => Ethiopia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/ethiopia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ethiopia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1436] => Array ( [objectID] => 314 [title] => Fiji [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/fiji/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Fiji ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1437] => Array ( [objectID] => 315 [title] => Finland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/finland/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Finland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1438] => Array ( [objectID] => 316 [title] => France [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/france/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1439] => Array ( [objectID] => 317 [title] => Gabon [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/gabon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gabon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1440] => Array ( [objectID] => 318 [title] => Gambia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/gambia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1441] => Array ( [objectID] => 319 [title] => Georgia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/georgia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Georgia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1442] => Array ( [objectID] => 320 [title] => Germany [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/germany/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1443] => Array ( [objectID] => 321 [title] => Ghana [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/ghana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ghana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1444] => Array ( [objectID] => 322 [title] => Greece [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/greece/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Greece ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1445] => Array ( [objectID] => 323 [title] => Grenada [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/grenada/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Grenada ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1446] => Array ( [objectID] => 324 [title] => Guinea [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/guinea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1447] => Array ( [objectID] => 325 [title] => Guinea-Bissau [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/guinea-bissau/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea-Bissau ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1448] => Array ( [objectID] => 326 [title] => Guyana [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/guyana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guyana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1449] => Array ( [objectID] => 327 [title] => Haiti [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/haiti/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Haiti ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1450] => Array ( [objectID] => 328 [title] => Holy See [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/holy-see/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Holy See ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1451] => Array ( [objectID] => 329 [title] => Honduras [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/honduras/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Honduras ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1452] => Array ( [objectID] => 330 [title] => Hungary [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/hungary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Hungary ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1453] => Array ( [objectID] => 331 [title] => Iceland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/iceland/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iceland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1454] => Array ( [objectID] => 292 [title] => Colombia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/colombia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Colombia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1455] => Array ( [objectID] => 293 [title] => Comoros [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/comoros/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Comoros ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1456] => Array ( [objectID] => 294 [title] => Congo [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1457] => Array ( [objectID] => 295 [title] => Cook Islands [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cook-islands/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cook Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1458] => Array ( [objectID] => 296 [title] => Costa Rica [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/costa-rica/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Costa Rica ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1459] => Array ( [objectID] => 297 [title] => Croatia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/croatia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Croatia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1460] => Array ( [objectID] => 298 [title] => Côte d’Ivoire [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cote-divoire/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1461] => Array ( [objectID] => 299 [title] => Cuba [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cuba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cuba ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1462] => Array ( [objectID] => 300 [title] => Cyprus [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cyprus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cyprus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1463] => Array ( [objectID] => 301 [title] => Czech Republic [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/czech-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Czech Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1464] => Array ( [objectID] => 302 [title] => Democratic People’s Republic of Korea [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1465] => Array ( [objectID] => 303 [title] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1466] => Array ( [objectID] => 304 [title] => Denmark [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/denmark/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Denmark ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1467] => Array ( [objectID] => 305 [title] => Djibouti [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/djibouti/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Djibouti ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1468] => Array ( [objectID] => 306 [title] => Dominica [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/dominica/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Dominica ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1469] => Array ( [objectID] => 307 [title] => Dominican Republic [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/dominican-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Dominican Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1470] => Array ( [objectID] => 308 [title] => Ecuador [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/ecuador/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ecuador ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1471] => Array ( [objectID] => 309 [title] => El Salvador [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/el-salvador/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => El Salvador ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1472] => Array ( [objectID] => 310 [title] => Equatorial Guinea [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/equatorial-guinea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Equatorial Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1473] => Array ( [objectID] => 311 [title] => Eritrea [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/eritrea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Eritrea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1474] => Array ( [objectID] => 272 [title] => Barbados [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/barbados/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1475] => Array ( [objectID] => 273 [title] => Belarus [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/belarus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1476] => Array ( [objectID] => 274 [title] => Belgium [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/belgium/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1477] => Array ( [objectID] => 275 [title] => Belize [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/belize/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belize ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1478] => Array ( [objectID] => 276 [title] => Benin [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/benin/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1479] => Array ( [objectID] => 277 [title] => Bhutan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bhutan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bhutan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1480] => Array ( [objectID] => 278 [title] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bolivia-plurinational-state-of/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1481] => Array ( [objectID] => 279 [title] => Bosnia and Herzegovina [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bosnia and Herzegovina ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1482] => Array ( [objectID] => 280 [title] => Botswana [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/botswana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Botswana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1483] => Array ( [objectID] => 281 [title] => Brazil [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/brazil/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1484] => Array ( [objectID] => 282 [title] => Brunei Darussalam [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/brunei-darussalam/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brunei Darussalam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1485] => Array ( [objectID] => 283 [title] => Bulgaria [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bulgaria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bulgaria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1486] => Array ( [objectID] => 284 [title] => Burkina Faso [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/burkina-faso/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burkina Faso ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1487] => Array ( [objectID] => 285 [title] => Burundi [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/burundi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1488] => Array ( [objectID] => 286 [title] => Cambodia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cambodia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cambodia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1489] => Array ( [objectID] => 287 [title] => Cameroon [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cameroon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1490] => Array ( [objectID] => 288 [title] => Canada [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/canada/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1491] => Array ( [objectID] => 289 [title] => Cape Verde [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cape-verde/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cape Verde ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1492] => Array ( [objectID] => 290 [title] => Central-African-Republic [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/central-african-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1493] => Array ( [objectID] => 291 [title] => China [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1494] => Array ( [objectID] => 252 [title] => Chile [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/chile/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Chile ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1495] => Array ( [objectID] => 253 [title] => Egypt [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1496] => Array ( [objectID] => 254 [title] => Chad [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/chad/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Chad ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1497] => Array ( [objectID] => 255 [title] => India [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/india/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1498] => Array ( [objectID] => 256 [title] => Yemen [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/yemen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1499] => Array ( [objectID] => 257 [title] => Pakistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1500] => Array ( [objectID] => 258 [title] => Afghanistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/afghanistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1501] => Array ( [objectID] => 259 [title] => Albania [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/albania/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Albania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1502] => Array ( [objectID] => 260 [title] => Algeria [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/algeria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1503] => Array ( [objectID] => 261 [title] => Andorra [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/andorra/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Andorra ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1504] => Array ( [objectID] => 262 [title] => Angola [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/angola/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1505] => Array ( [objectID] => 263 [title] => Antigua and Barbuda [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/antigua-and-barbuda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1506] => Array ( [objectID] => 264 [title] => Argentina [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/argentina/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Argentina ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1507] => Array ( [objectID] => 265 [title] => Armenia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/armenia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1508] => Array ( [objectID] => 266 [title] => Australia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/australia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1509] => Array ( [objectID] => 267 [title] => Austria [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/austria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Austria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1510] => Array ( [objectID] => 268 [title] => Azerbaijan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/azerbaijan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Azerbaijan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1511] => Array ( [objectID] => 269 [title] => Bahamas [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bahamas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahamas ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1512] => Array ( [objectID] => 270 [title] => Bahrain [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bahrain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1513] => Array ( [objectID] => 271 [title] => Bangladesh [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bangladesh/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1514] => Array ( [objectID] => 4272 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty for terrorism in Chad [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-for-terrorism-in-chad/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a03af5648b38a9a0f22e741cc38331c9_2-1-500x280.png [extrait] => On 28 April 2020, the Chadian National Assembly unanimously voted to abolish the death penalty for crimes of terrorism. [texte] => Extract from the FIACAT press release published on 29 April 2020. To read the press release : http://fiacat.org/en/media-press/press-releases/2874-press-release-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-for-acts-of-terrorism-in-chadAccording to Salomon Nodjitoloum, President of ACAT Chad: "The abolition of the death penalty for crimes of terrorism is the culmination of the struggle of ACAT Chad and of all the abolitionists in the world. By taking this courageous decision, despite the resurgence of terrorist acts, Chad has joined the worldwide abolitionist trend. However, the struggle for the respect of human rights remains our objective. »On 8th May 2017, Chad had promulgated a new Criminal Code repealing the death penalty, except for terrorism-related offences. Law N°034 of 5th August 2015 on the suppression of terrorism-related offences continued to apply the death penalty for a significant number of crimes. While no executions or convictions have been recorded in 2019, four persons sentenced in 2018 were still being held on death row in deplorable conditions and kept in a secret location away from other prisoners.In recent years there has been a resurgence of the death penalty in the context of the fight against terrorism, with many countries around the world retaining the death penalty in their legislation for crimes related to terrorism. Chad, despite being threatened by the jihadist group Boko Haram, is showing that an abolitionist path is possible.(Image : by Kurious on Pixabay) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Chad ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1515] => Array ( [objectID] => 4273 [title] => TAEDP Withdraws from Ministry of Justice’s Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taedp-withdraws-from-ministry-of-justices-task-force-to-research-the-gradual-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7fa4268642e8f518848ce8fb044bb67f_2-1-500x208.jpg [extrait] => TAEDP Press Release, April 2, 2020The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty made this decision after the Ministry of Justice, in total disregard for the rule of law, arbitrarily and illegally executed a death row inmate on April 1, 2020. [texte] => TAEDP responded to the MOJ’s press release on Weng Jen-hsien's (翁仁賢) execution as follows:Upholding the rule of law or flouting it?The execution conducted on April 1 was the second carried out under President Tsai Ing-wen’s administration. Prior to the execution of Li Hong-ji (李宏基) in 2018, TAEDP participated in the follow-up meetings convened by the Ministry of Justice in the wake of the first international review of the Convention On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). At one of the meetings, Deputy Minister Chen Ming-tang stated that he agreed with the view of civil society organizations that the “Guidelines Regarding the Execution of Death Penalty Cases” are problematic and needed to be reexamined. Chen asked the CSOs to provide suggestions for amendment. Ten days later, the Ministry of Justice executed Li Hong-ji, citing those same guidelines.Amendments to both the Prison Act and Detention Act were passed at the end of last year in the hope that these laws could be brought into line with human rights standards. The revision will come into force this coming July. Recently, various departments of the Ministry of Justice have called frequent meetings with civil society groups to discuss the relevant authorizations under their purview. Among the regulations being discussed, Article 145 of the newly amended Prison Act stated that “death penalty executions are carried out in specific locations in prisons. The approaches, restrictions, procedures and relevant rules are to be set by the Ministry of Justice.” This means that the past practice of execution by firing squad and lethal injection is subject to review, and that the relevant restrictions, procedures, etc. need to be worked out in order to ensure that they comply with human rights protections. But amidst these voices of discussion, the Ministry of Justice executed Weng Jen-hsien (翁仁賢) using the very execution procedures and methods which they admitted were questionable.The rule of law is not just about following the law. More importantly, it is about control and restraint of government power. The Ministry of Justice, as the competent authority for the death penalty, on the one hand knows that there is a problem with the law that needs to be changed. Nevertheless, the Ministry continues to carry out executions pursuant to the problematic law. This is not upholding the rule of law, this is flouting it.Carefully following the law or intentionally breaking it?This execution was not only a violation of the rule of law, it was also conducted illegally.In the third paragraph of its press release, the Ministry of Justice claims that, in accordance with the Guidelines Regarding the Execution of Death Penalty Cases, they sent inquiries to the relevant authorities to verify whether the death row inmate in question ever filed for an interpretation by the grand justices, a retrial ,or an extraordinary appeal and whether he had a mental disorder or a psychological or intellectual impairment, and confirmed that no application or pardon was granted before issuing the execution order. The Ministry of Justice claims that the process of human rights protection for death row inmates was carefully and thoroughly examined before authorizing the execution.However, during the course of the trial, Weng was clinically diagnosed by a psychiatrist as suffering from narcissistic personality disorder and partial autism-spectrum disorder. The diagnosis also indicated that Weng suffered from these multiple issues before and after the commission of the crime, and ultimately they were a major cause of this tragedy. How did the Ministry of Justice conclude that Weng’s case did not require a review relating to "mental disorder or other mental or intellectual impairment" as stated in the Guidelines Regarding the Execution of Death Penalty Cases? If the Ministry of Justice is unable to articulate the basis for its judgment, doubts about Weng’s execution being conducted unlawfully will remain.The fourth paragraph of the Ministry of Justice's press release also cites the ICCPR and ICESCR, stating that the implementation is in compliance with the provisions of the relevant conventions and that it is aimed at achieving judicial justice, enforcement and administration according to law. However, in accordance with the ICCPR and ICESCR, the CRPD, and the concluding observations and recommendations of the international review conducted in 2017, international experts have repeatedly said that the Taiwanese government should immediately establish a moratorium on executions, and that the death penalty should not be used against people with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities. This execution conducted by the Ministry of Justice is therefore in clear violation of covenant obligations.TAEDP again withdraws from the task force to research the gradual abolition of the death penaltyIn 2010, the Ministry of Justice invited experts and NGO representatives to form the "Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty". In the first and second articles of the mission statement of the task force, it was clearly stated that “to implement the policy of gradual abolition of the death penalty and achieve the ultimate goal of death penalty abolition, the Ministry of Justice is planning to establish a standing Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty” and that “The Act to Implement the ICCPR and ICESCR has already passed in the Legislature and the ICCPR and the ICESCR both were ratified by the President. The abolishment of the death penalty is a core issue of human rights. As part of human rights progress in Taiwan, the policy of gradually abolishing the death penalty shall be promoted with proactive measures. In order to obtain the approval of the civil society and victims’ groups, and achieve the goal of death penalty abolition in line with the international trend of death penalty abolition and secure the protection of human rights, a standing task force and its implementation mechanisms shall be established to urge other competent authorities to actively carry out relevant measures." This was the original intention behind the establishment of the task force and also the main reason for the CSO representatives to participate in the task force. It was a pity that, at the end of 2012, the Ministry of Justice openly stated that, “Regarding whether Taiwan’s death penalty should be retained or be abolished, the Ministry of Justice always upholds the principle of performing administrative duties according to law and has never pledged in public to abolish the death penalty or to end the death penalty.” In addition, witnessing how the government had continued to carry out executions since 2010, nine members from the civil society, including the TAEDP, held a press conference on December 25, 2012 to announce their withdrawal from the task force.During the second International Review of the ICCPR & ICESCR in early 2017, Deputy Minister Chen Ming-tang, in his response to the international experts’ inquiry, pledged to reinstate the task force within three months. However, the task force was not reinstated until the end of 2017. Members of the task force included the TAEDP, the Taiwan Innocence Project (台灣冤獄平反協會), the Chinese Human Rights Association (中華人權協會), the Association for Victims Support (犯罪被害人保護協會), the White Rose Social Care Association (白玫瑰社會關懷協會), and representatives from academia as well as government officials. At the first meeting of the task force, a majority of its members took a clear position in support of the death penalty. To date, seven meetings have been held and it has become obvious that only a few representatives from civil society would attend the meetings, generally the same ones, and that the meeting times and agenda appeared to be loose and lacking in substance. In the end, the meetings turned into lectures by international scholars. Many issues raised by civil society were not discussed in substance nor were any conclusions reached.The TAEDP has been actively involved in the operation of the Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty, hoping to assist the Ministry of Justice to foster more communication and discussion in civil society. However, the Ministry of Justice only passively reinstated the task force in response to the inquiry from international experts. The Ministry’s inaction and its continuation of executions in violation of the law are in total conflict with the goals of the task force. It has become obvious to the TAEDP that there is no point in remaining in the task force. Once again, the TAEDP has decided to withdraw from the task force.An Unsuitable Minister of JusticeIn 2002, the Taiwan Legislature failed to ratify the ICCPR and the ICESCR due to a motion to reconsider. In March 2009, the Legislature passed the Act to Implement the ICCPR and the ICESCR. According to Article 6, Item 6 of the ICCPR, “Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant.” It is beyond doubt that the abolition of the death penalty is an important policy objective for Taiwanese criminal law and it should be the government’s responsibility and goal.If reports by the news media are accurate, Minister of Justice Tsai Tsing-hsiang has claimed that neither Prime Minister Su Tseng-chang nor President Tsai Ing-wen had any prior knowledge regarding the execution. In his position as Minister of Justice, we expect Minister Tsai not only to respect the rule of law and lead his ministry in accordance with the law, he should also advise the government to actively promote the nation’s policy of abolishing the death penalty. A minister who arbitrarily carries out executions with such disregard for the rule of law has already shown that he is no longer suitable for this position. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1516] => Array ( [objectID] => 4274 [title] => Death penalty in 2019: Facts and figures [timestamp] => 1587513600 [date] => 22/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-in-2019-facts-and-figures/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/31caa1f93de435efc5439c33a308051f_2-1-500x208.jpg [extrait] => Amnesty International published its annual report on death sentences and executions worldwide on 21 April 2020. It showed that the number of known executions decreased slightly on the 2018 total, reaching the lowest figure in more than 10 years, despite Iraq nearly doubling its tally and Saudi Arabia having its highest executions total in any given year. [texte] => Extract from Amnesty International article published on 21 April 2020.To read the article: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/death-penalty-in-2019-facts-and-figures/Full report available here: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/1847/2020/en/Amnesty International recorded 657 executions in 20 countries in 2019, a decrease of 5% compared to 2018 (at least 690). This is the lowest number of executions that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade.Most executions took place in China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Egypt – in that order.China remained the world’s leading executioner – but the true extent of the use of the death penalty in China is unknown as this data is classified as a state secret; the global figure of at least 657 excludes the thousands of executions believed to have been carried out in China.Executions in Iran fell slightly from at least 253 in 2018 to at least 251 in 2019. Executions in Iraq almost doubled from at least 52 in 2018 to at least 100 in 2019, while Saudi Arabia executed a record number of people from 149 in 2018 to 184 in 2019.Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Kazakhstan, Kenya and Zimbabwe either took positive steps or made pronouncements in 2019 which may lead to the abolition of the death penalty.Barbados also removed the mandatory death penalty from its Constitution. In the United States, the Governor of California established an official moratorium on executions in the US state with biggest death row population, and New Hampshire became the 21st US state to abolish the death penalty for all crimes.Gambia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Russian Federation and Tajikistan continued to observe official moratoriums on executions.At the end of 2019, 106 countries (a majority of the world’s states) had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes, and 142 countries (more than two-thirds) had abolished the death penalty in law or practice.Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 24 countries: Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Singapore, Sudan, Thailand, UAE, USA, Zambia, Zimbabwe.At least 11 exonerations of prisoners under sentence of death were recorded in two countries: USA and Zambia.Amnesty International recorded at least 2,307 death sentences in 56 countries compared to the total of 2,531 reported in 54 countries in 2018. However, Amnesty did not receive information on official figures for death sentences imposed in Malaysia, Nigeria and Sri Lanka, countries that reported high official numbers of death sentences in previous years.At least 26,604 people were known to be under sentence of death globally at the end of 2019. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1517] => Array ( [objectID] => 4275 [title] => Punishing Sex Crimes: The Evolution of the Death Penalty in India [timestamp] => 1587427200 [date] => 21/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/punishing-sex-crimes-the-evolution-of-the-death-penalty-in-india/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0cca9b7f24ebc8a07448791fca4718ae_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => The Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics, an annual report published in January 2020 by Project 39A, details the application of the death penalty in India during the year 2019. It also describes developments in criminal justice and policy in the country. [texte] => According to the report, in 2019, the number of people sentenced to death decreased. However, at the same time, there is a significant increase in the number of convictions for sexual crimes: 52.94% compared to the previous year.The issue of sexual violence against women and children is now at the center of India's legislative and societal concerns in 2019. Key points of the report- 102 death sentences were handed down this year by courts of first instance, compared to 162 in 2018;- As of 31 December 2019, 378 people were on death row;- The two most frequent types of crime for those on death row are: - Murder with sexual offence (54 convictions), - Murder (28 convictions);- 3 prisoners sentenced to death died in prison;- 6 states have not passed death sentences in 4 years (Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim);- Of the 102 convictions, Rajasthan has the most convictions with 13 this year, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 12 convictions, Madhya Pradesh with 11 convictions and Karnataka with 10 convictions.4 people executed for the first time since 2015Sentenced in 2013 for the gang rape and murder of Jyoti Singh Pandey in New Delhi, Vinay Kumar Sharma, Pawan Gupta, Mukesh Singh and Akshay Thakur were executed by hanging on 20 March 2020, although the country had not carried out an execution since 2015.The infamous case provoked a wave of anger in India and around the world, prompting the government to change the law to include an amendment (the Nirbhaya law) in 2013 making gang rape punishable by death.In December 2019, following popular outrage in response to the mass rape in Hyderabad the previous November, the Andhra Pradesh state legislature amended the Indian Penal Code of 1860 to provide for the death penalty as the exclusive punishment for rape. This state-sponsored amendment to the Indian Penal Code must now be approved by the president in order to come into force in the state of Andhra Pradesh.The Disha Act 2019 (named after the rape survivor in Hyderabad), passed by the Andhra Pradesh legislature, includes a provision to shorten the trial period to 21 days.Amendment of the POSCO Act 2012Between July and August 2019, five new clauses were added to the POSCO (Protection of Children against Sexual Crimes) Act, including the death penalty for aggravated sexual assault committed by a person in a position of authority. This concerns persons working as civil servants, for example, but also the child's parents, relatives or a teachers. The amendments were voted by the Rajya Sabha upper house and the Lok Sabha lower house of the Indian parliament.However, this amendment may, instead of protecting children, put them in even greater danger. There is a greater risk that the perpetrator will kill his victim to escape conviction. It may also make it even more difficult to report cases, as assaults are often committed by someone close to the child. Convictions for sex crimes are more often confirmedThe report also notes a trend towards the confirmation of sentences for murder cases involving sexual offences by the High Courts. Seventeen sentences were confirmed, while only 15 were commuted. By way of comparison, for cases of simple murder, 8 cases were confirmed while 17 that were commuted.The Supreme Court, for its part, has a greater number of commuted sentences than confirmed sentences, with 11 cases commuted while only 4 confirmed.Most of the time, the sentences pronounced by the High Courts and the Supreme Court at the time of the commutation of the death penalty are: - life imprisonment (subject to remission after 14 years);- followed by imprisonment for the remainder of natural life (not subject to remission).In 2019, 6 death warrants were issued against prisoners, all of which were eventually suspended by the courts. The Abolition of Capital Punishment (Amendment) Bill, 2019Last July, Congress MP Pradeep Tamta introduced a bill to abolish the death penalty in India. He argued that the death penalty has been abolished in most countries in the world and that in India, it is often the result of botched investigations that affect mostly poor people.He withdrew the law by the appeal of G. Kishan Reddy, Minister of State for Home Affairs, who said that the government will decide after all the different states have submitted their reports on the issue of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1518] => Array ( [objectID] => 4276 [title] => Program and Admin Assistant (Trainee) [timestamp] => 1585612800 [date] => 31/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-and-admin-assistant-trainee/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months going from mid-June to mid December 2020. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence. Main tasks: The World Coalition is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months. The Intern will be in charge of: • Assisting the staff for the preparation of the international campaigns of the World Coalition and for the update of the Website: www.worldcoalition.org; • Participating in the logistics of World Coalition’s meetings and in the day-to-day management of the organisation. Qualifications: An internship agreement with a university is compulsory. • University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities; • Good organisational and writing skills; • Perfect speaking/ writing knowledge in one of the following languages: English or French, as well as a working knowledge of the other language required; • Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset; • Good knowledge of another language would be a plus. We offer: • An international working environment • Internship allowance of 600,60€ per month with an Internship agreement *• Contribution to transportation fees • Lunch vouchers• 2,5 days leave per month To apply: Applications should be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Internship) before 17 April 2020 with: • A cover letter • A curriculum vitae The World Coalition is a signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1519] => Array ( [objectID] => 4277 [title] => How Colorado became the 22nd abolitionist State in the USA [timestamp] => 1585526400 [date] => 30/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-colorado-became-the-22nd-abolitionist-state-in-the-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/306adb45e35d5c921aad3f34c5ed601a_2-1-500x281.png [extrait] => On March 23 2020, the Governor of the State of Colorado, Jared Polis, signed legislation abolishing the death penalty. The bill SB20-100 had passed the Senate by a 19-13 vote on January 30 and the House by a 38-27 vote on February 26. He also commuted the sentences of the three people on death row […] [texte] => On March 23 2020, the Governor of the State of Colorado, Jared Polis, signed legislation abolishing the death penalty. The bill SB20-100 had passed the Senate by a 19-13 vote on January 30 and the House by a 38-27 vote on February 26. He also commuted the sentences of the three people on death row in the state.Long Walk to Abolition: how abolitionists made it happenIn a fascinating article, the ACLU of Colorado explains “How Colorado Finally Repealed the Death Penalty”: “For more than twenty years, an evolving coalition of victims’ family members, corrections officers, defense attorneys, prosecutors, faith leaders, and civil liberties champions have worked relentlessly to end the death penalty in Colorado. In 2019, following a democratic sweep of both the legislature and the Governor’s office, many thought repeal was inevitable. Unfortunately, the state senate could not bring the bill across the finish line. In response, the ACLU of Colorado launched an ambitious, multifaceted, bipartisan, and community-driven campaign to finally end the broken death penalty.”For example, early in the campaign, ACLU Colorado organised community conversation in Aurora and other cities, where the majority of death penalty cases were pursued. Through a coalition of organisations, they organised postcard parties, letters to the editor, asked questions to legislators at town halls to raise awareness. They also gathered an extensive collection of stories and statistics in the ACLU of Colorado report, “Ending A Broken System: Colorado’s Expensive, Ineffective and Unjust Death Penalty.” Defense attorneys broke down the staggering costs of each case, exonerees testified to the flaws of the death penalty and victims’ families whose loved ones were murdered shared why, even in the face of such tragedy, they were firmly against the death penalty, in videos, at a press conference, and during testimony at the capitol. Faith leaders also participated in community events and signed a letter condemning the immorality of the death penalty. Finally, they organised an “End the Death Penalty Lobby Day” at the beginning of the legislative session in January 2020 during which nineteen corrections officers joined a sign-on letter urging legislators to end the death penalty based on the harm it causes public servants tasked with performing executions, twenty-seven Colorado prosecutors joined a sign-on letter explaining that using executions as a bargaining chip increases the risk that innocent people will plead guilty to a crime they did not commit and victims’ family members drafted a letter with 70 signatures explaining how the death penalty process forced them to relive the trauma of murder over decades, undermining the healing process. Abolition was made possible “thanks to a community-driven campaign that uplifted stories of people directly impacted by this legislation. We dug into Colorado-specific facts on the costs and inequities of the system and coordinated a network of activists to hold legislators accountable.”“It is time to say in law what our state what our state has made clear in practice”As many other States in the USA and worldwide, this abolition was preceded by a period of very limited use of the death penalty. The state’s only execution since the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment in 1977, was more than 20 years ago, in 1997, and the last sentence, by jury, 10 years ago, in 2010. Also, on 22 May 2013, then-Governor John Hickenlooper imposed a moratorium on executions. In his Executive Order, the governor stated, “If the State of Colorado is going to undertake the responsibility of executing a human being, the system must operate flawlessly. Colorado’s system for capital punishment is not flawless.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1520] => Array ( [objectID] => 4278 [title] => The World Coalition Has Published a New Guide on Working with the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights [timestamp] => 1585180800 [date] => 26/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-has-published-a-new-guide-on-working-with-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/53cfecbd52c487a411ac1c5d5d1cd56e_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition has developed and published a training manual, in partnership with its member the International Federation of Christians Against Torture (FIACAT), on working with the African Union’s human rights organ, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR). This how-to guide was created specifically for civil society to help encourage successful interaction with the ACHPR, a growing and influential human rights mechanism on the continent. [texte] => Produced in the context of the second phase of the project on “Contributing to the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa”, this guide provides information not only on the ACHPR itself, but also on the advocacy opportunities that civil society has within this human rights body for the abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition identified the need to create this guide after spending years working with the ACHPR and observing numerous civil society organizations who did not understand how the mechanism functioned. As a key to successful advocacy lies in learning how to operate within a structure, the necessity of this guide became apparent. Initial versions of this guide were used during ACHPR trainings led by the World Coalition during the 63rd, 64th and 65th Ordinary Sessions of the ACHPR in 2018 and 2019. The authors of the guide built on these versions, enrichened by the participants themselves, to create a clear and comprehensive manual. As stated by Komrabai Dumbuya, Society for Human Rights Development Organization in Sierra Leone during the training in April 2019, “I learned new things on human rights and the death penalty in Africa. Of course [this] training was useful and increased my advocacy skills and helped me build counter arguments for the total abolition of the death penalty.” Connie Numbi of the Ugandan Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, who led the most recent training in 2019, explained that “ [this type of training] is important because most NGOs [who] have an observer status [with the ACHPR] may not be utilizing it just because they do not know what to do [during the sessions.]” Published in both French and English, ‘How to Work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights for the Abolition of the Death Penalty’ is available below and on the World Coalition’s digital library, attached to this article. Publish at Calameo [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1521] => Array ( [objectID] => 18411 [title] => The State of Texas vs. Melissa [timestamp] => 1585094400 [date] => 25/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-state-of-texas-vs-melissa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Melissa Lucio was the first Hispanic woman sentenced to death in Texas. For ten years she has been awaiting her fate, and she now faces her last appeal. [texte] => Skip NavigationThe State of Texas vs. MelissaMelissa Lucio was the first Hispanic woman sentenced to death in Texas. For ten years she has been awaiting her fate, and she now faces her last appeal.moreDirector: Sabrina Van TasselDocumentariesMovie2020 5.1 hdStream thousands of shows and movies, with plans starting at $6.99/month. New subscribers only. BUNDLE WITH ANY HULU PLAN & SAVEGet Hulu, Disney+, and ESPN+.DetailsTerms applyYou May Also LikeExtrasDetailsKiller CasesTV14 • Crime • TV Series (2020)I Was a Child Bride: The Untold StoryTV14 • Documentaries • TV Series (2019)The Housewife and the HustlerTV14 • Documentaries • TV Series (2021)The Waiting RoomDrama, Documentaries • Movie (2012)Dating App Horrors: The Untold StoryTVPG • Crime, Documentaries • TV Series (2019)The Most Dangerous Animal of AllTV14 • Documentaries • TV Series (2020)Enemies of the StateDocumentaries • Movie (2020)Red DogDocumentaries • Movie (2019)Taken at BirthTV14 • Documentaries, Reality • TV Series (2019)Dark Side of the 90sTV14 • Documentaries • TV Series (2021)The Devil You KnowTV14 • Documentaries • TV Series (2019)Southern GothicTV14 • Crime, Documentaries • TV Series (2020)Sex for Sale: The Untold StoryTVMA • Documentaries • TV Series (2019)ABC 20/20TVPG • News Magazine • TV Series (1999)The ConDocumentaries • TV Series (2020)Select Your PlanNo hidden fees, equipment rentals, or installation appointments.Switch plans or cancel anytime.^^Bundle & SaveBundle & SavelogosIncludes Hulu (plan of your choice), Disney+, and ESPN+.MOST POPULAR30 DAY FREE TRIALHulu30 DAY FREE TRIALHulu (No Ads)DISNEY+, ESPN+,Hulu + Live TVMonthly price$6.99/mo$12.99/mo$69.99/moStreaming Library with thousands of TV episodes and moviesStreaming Library with thousands of TV episodes and moviesStreaming Library with thousands of TV episodes and moviesStreaming Library with thousands of TV episodes and moviesStreaming Library with thousands of TV episodes and moviesMost new episodes the day after they air^Most new episodes the day after they air^Most new episodes the day after they air^Most new episodes the day after they air^Access to award-winning Hulu OriginalsAccess to award-winning Hulu OriginalsAccess to award-winning Hulu OriginalsAccess to award-winning Hulu OriginalsWatch on your TV, laptop, phone, or tabletWatch on your TV, laptop, phone, or tabletWatch on your TV, laptop, phone, or tabletWatch on your TV, laptop, phone, or tabletUp to 6 user profilesUp to 6 user profilesUp to 6 user profilesUp to 6 user profilesUp to 6 user profilesWatch on 2 different screens at the same timeWatch on 2 different screens at the same timeWatch on 2 different screens at the same timeWatch on 2 different screens at the same timeNo ads in streaming libraryNo ads in streaming library—No ads in streaming library—Download and watchDownload and watch—Download and watch—Live TV with 75+ top channels. No cable required.Live TV with 75+ top channels. No cable required.——Live TV with 75+ top channels. No cable required.Live TV guide to navigate channels——Live TV guide to navigate channelsRecord Live TV with 50 hours of Cloud DVR storage——Record Live TV with 50 hours of Cloud DVR storageEndless entertainment with Disney+, ad-freeEndless entertainment with Disney+, ad-free——Endless entertainment with Disney+, ad-freeLive sports with ESPN+, now on HuluLive sports with ESPN+, now on Hulu——Live sports with ESPN+, now on Hulu^For current-season shows in the streaming library only^^Switches from Live TV to Hulu take effect as of the next billing cycleAvailable Add-onsAdd-ons available at an additional cost.Add them up after you sign up for Hulu.HBO Max™HBO Max™HBO Max™HBO Max™CINEMAX®CINEMAX®CINEMAX®CINEMAX®SHOWTIME®SHOWTIME®SHOWTIME®SHOWTIME®STARZ®STARZ®STARZ®STARZ®Unlimited ScreensUnlimited Screens——Unlimited ScreensEnhanced Cloud DVREnhanced Cloud DVR——Enhanced Cloud DVREntertainment Add-onEntertainment Add-on——Entertainment Add-onEspanol Add-onEspanol Add-on——Espanol Add-onShow Add-onsSee Add-ons.BROWSEStreaming LibraryLive TVLive NewsLive SportsTV ShowsMoviesOriginalsNetworksKidsFXHBO Max™CinemaxShowtimeSTARZHulu, Disney+, and ESPN+Hulu (No Ads), Disney+, and ESPN+Student DiscountHELPAccount & BillingPlans & PricingSupported DevicesAccessibilityABOUT USShop HuluPressJobsContact© 2022 Hulu, LLCEvidon AdChoicesAbout AdsTerms of UsePrivacy PolicyDo Not Sell My Personal InformationYour California Privacy RightsTV Parental GuidelinesSitemap [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.hulu.com/movie/the-state-of-texas-vs-melissa-48e646e4-be05-4465-815a-a3eb9756c914 ) [1522] => Array ( [objectID] => 4279 [title] => ECPM recherche un/e stagiaire communication Web [timestamp] => 1585094400 [date] => 25/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ecpm-recherche-un-e-stagiaire-communication-web/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1523] => Array ( [objectID] => 18611 [title] => Cameroon – Committee to Eliminate Racial Discrimination – Death Penalty – March 2020 [timestamp] => 1584748800 [date] => 21/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cameroon-committee-to-eliminate-racial-discrimination-death-penalty-march-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Cameroon's compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, particularly with respect to the imposition of the death penalty against Anglophone Cameroonians.By way of background, the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon began in 2016 as peaceful protests by lawyers and teachers demanding linguistic reforms but rapidly escalated into a war of secession that has killed thousands of people and displaced over one million.The Cameroonian Criminal Code adopted in 2016 allows for the death penalty, including for vaguely defined terrorism-related offences. In this regard, the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2014 has been used to prosecute Anglophone human rights activists before military courts for acts of terrorism, secession, rebellion, and spreading false news, with the death penalty as a potential sentence in such cases. While Cameroon ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1984, it has yet to ratify its Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (ICCPR-OP2). Although no execution has taken place in Cameroon since 1997, civil society organizations estimate that 220 people currently are under sentence of death in Cameroon. As discussed below, Cameroon fails to uphold its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination because its domestic law and institutional and political framework do not sufficiently protect Anglophones facing the death penalty. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Cameroon’s Compliance with International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (against Anglophone Cameroonians): Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyL’ACAT CamerounRACOPEMFIACATandECPMfor the 106th Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination11–29 April 2022Submitted 21 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.ACAT Cameroon is an organization active in the field of the defense of human rights and the promotion of social justice in Cameroon since 1993. ACAT Cameroon has an authorization from the Cameroonian public administration n°RD/00063 /RDA/JO6/BAPP of February 23, 1993. A local non-governmental organzation, ACAT Cameroon fights for the eradication of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment in all their forms and for the abolition of the death penalty. It works daily on public policies and social justice through the humanization of the prison environment, education in human rights and citizenship, legal and judicial support for 2victims of human rights violations, and human rights monitoring. ACAT Cameroon is an affiliated member of FIACAT, the Cameroon Human Rights Commission (CDHC) and the National AntiCorruption Coalition (CONAC). ACAT is also the leader of the platform of human rights defense associations called Maison des Droits de l’Homme du Cameroun (MDHC); it houses the Observatory on Arbitrary Arrests and Illegal Detentions; and it is a member and vice coordinator of the Observatory on Public Freedoms, for the Littoral Region of the CDHC.Le Réseaux des avocats camerounais contre la peine de mort (RACOPEM) is a Cameroonian organization that advocates for the respect of human rights and primarily the right to life in Cameroon. Founded in July 2015, the organization set its goal to bring national and international efforts in harmony in pursuit of the universal abolition of the death penalty or at least the establishment of a de jure moratorium on executions in the Cameroonian judicial system, the promotion of respect for human rights in the administration of justice, legal aid for vulnerable persons, mobilization of lawyers and other legal professionals engaged in the abolition of the death penalty in order to exchange and reinforce their skills on strategies of abolition, and the creation of a network of international solidarity between lawyers providing defense to persons subject to the death penalty. Established in 8 regions of Cameroon, RACOPEM has mobilized national actors with a view to abolishing the death penalty since its creation.FIACAT, The International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture, is an international non-governmental human rights organisation, set up in 1987, which works towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty. The Federation brings together some thirty national associations, the ACATs, present in four continents; 15 of them are active in sub-Saharan Africa. FIACAT represents its members before international and regional organisations; by referring the concerns of its members working on the ground to international bodies, FIACAT’s aim is to encourage the adoption of relevant recommendations and their implementation by governments. FIACAT works towards the application of international human rights conventions, the prevention of torture in places of detention, and an end to enforced disappearances and impunity. It also takes part in the campaign against the death penalty by calling on states to abolish capital punishment in their legal systems. FIACAT also assists its member associations in organising themselves, supporting them so that they can become important players in civil society, capable of raising public awareness and having an impact on the authorities in their country.ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) is a French non-governmental organisation that fights against the death penalty worldwide and in all circumstances by uniting and rallying abolitionist forces across the world. The organisation advocates with international bodies and encourages universal abolition through education, information, local partnerships and public awareness campaigns. ECPM is the organiser of the World Congresses Against the Death Penalty and a founding member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. In 2016, ECPM was granted consultative status with ECOSOC.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Cameroon’s compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, particularly with respect to the imposition of the death penalty against Anglophone Cameroonians.2. By way of background, the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon began in 2016 as peaceful protests by lawyers and teachers demanding linguistic reforms but rapidly escalated into a war of secession that has killed thousands of people and displaced over one million.13. The Cameroonian Criminal Code adopted in 2016 allows for the death penalty, including for vaguely defined terrorism-related offences. In this regard, the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2014 hasbeen used to prosecute Anglophone human rights activists before military courts for acts of terrorism, secession, rebellion, and spreading false news, with the death penalty as a potential sentence in such cases.24. While Cameroon ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1984, it has yet to ratify its Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (ICCPR-OP2).3 Although no execution has taken place in Cameroon since 1997, civil society organizations estimate that 220 people currently are under sentence of death in Cameroon.45. As discussed below, Cameroon fails to uphold its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination because its domestic law and institutional and political framework do not sufficiently protect Anglophones facing the death penalty.Cameroon’s domestic law and institutional and political framework do not sufficiently protect Anglophones at risk of being sentenced to death 6. The people of the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon remain a separate and distinct people with English as their official working language, whereas the people of the other regions of the country are Francophones. The non-recognition of the status of Anglophones as a distinct group with rights in line with unification agreements has led to gross violations of the individual rights of Anglophones in Cameroon.57. According to Amnesty International, “[m]ore than 1,000 Anglophone people arrested between 2016 and 2021 in relation to the Anglophone crisis are behind bars in at least 10 prisons across 1 Foreign Policy, Cameroon’s Forgotten Civil War Is Getting Worse, (December 2021) 1, available online at https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/12/02/cameroon-civil-war-worse-nigeria-ambazonia-anglophone-crisis/. 2Carole Berrih and Nestor Toko, Sentenced to Oblivion - Fact Finding Mission on Death Row in Cameroon, ECPM, 2019,¶ 51-53, available at https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquete-cameroun-2019-GB.pdf. 3 Parliamentarians for Global Action, Cameroon and the Death Penalty, available online at https://www.pgaction.org/ilhr/adp/cmr.html; World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Cameroon Abolitionist in practice: Legal Status of the Death Penalty, available online at https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cameroon/. 4 Prison Insider, Cameroon: detention conditions of people sentenced to death, (January 18, 2022), available at https://www.prison-insider.com/en/articles/cameroun-conditions-de-detention-des-condamnes-a-mort. 5 Chiatoh, Valerie Muguoh, Recognition of minority groups as a prerequisite for the protection of human rights: The case of Anglophone Cameroon, Afr. hum. rights law j. vol.19 n.2 Pretoria 2019.4the country, including 650 in Buea, 280 in Yaoundé, 181 in Douala and 101 in Bafoussam. Dozens have been arbitrarily detained.”68. The Anti-Terrorism Law’s vague and broad language is sometimes used as grounds for arresting human rights defenders focusing on issues of relevance to the Anglophone community.7 Anglophones in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Cameroon-CERD-Death-Penalty.pdf ) [1524] => Array ( [objectID] => 4280 [title] => Death Sentences in the Democratic Republic of the Congo More Numerous than Previously Thought [timestamp] => 1583971200 [date] => 12/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-more-numerous-than-previously-thought/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9d26ff61ae6b9461b23e88f23c38d467_2-1-500x334.png [extrait] => ECPM and CPJ published a report in December 2019 following a fact-finding mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) that took place earlier in the year. The results of the mission were astonishing – while the number of individuals sentenced to death was previously estimated to be 300 at most, the mission uncovered that there are at least 510 waiting execution. Liévin Ngondji, co-author of the report and President of CPJ, was in Paris in February 2020 to comment. Photo on the cover of the Report : 22 Oct 2015. Prison Centrale Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo copyright Ben Houdjik/ Shutterstock [texte] => The DRC has been an abolitionist de facto country for almost 20 years, the last execution dating to January 2003. While there has been growing civil society and political interest in the question of full abolition, capital punishment has continued to be passed down in the courts. Presenting the report at Ensemble Contre la peine de mort (ECPM)’s headquarters, Liévin Ngondji, President of Congolese NGO Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ), spoke about the main findings and what this may mean regarding the abolitionist fight in the DRC.A team of fact finders, led by CPJ, visited 10 prisons and detention camps spread throughout the country and interviewed over 250 individuals sentenced to death along with their family members, and prison workers. The team uncovered alarming facts about the current state of capital punishment throughout the nation including a much higher estimation of individuals sentenced to death than previously estimated, systemic problems in the DRC’s judiciary and the question of torture on death row.THE PROFILE OF THOSE SENTENCED TO DEATH IN THE DRC The report found that there are at least 510 individuals living with a death sentence in the DRC. This is twice the number than was previously estimated. Of those sentenced to death, almost half are incarcerated in an isolated detention camp in the north of the country in Angenga. A profile of those sentenced to death emerged; while most who are sentenced to death are men, there is at least 1 woman who was interviewed. Individuals ranging from 20 to 70 years old were interviewed, although the mean age is 40. In addition, 44% of incarcerated individuals had been sentenced to death in the past 5 years, and another 16% had been sentenced in the past 16-20 years. SYSTEMIC FLAWS IN THE JUDICIARY AND THE RIGHT TO LEGAL REPRESENTATION During the interviews, a reoccurring feature of many individual’s backgrounds was a flawed trial and ineffective legal representation during trial. Mr. Ngondji, a practicing lawyer himself, noted that the growing militarization of the Congolese legal system, not being given an interpreter during the court proceedings and coercion on the part of law enforcement to get a confession all contribute to large systemic flaws, barring hope for access to fair trials. The theme of 2020’s World Day Against the Death Penalty if the lack of effective legal representation during all stages of an individual’s arrest and the higher chances of a death sentence if such representation is not offered. This study exemplifies the paramount nature of this right in the outcome of an individual’s trial and the weight of the sentence. While 66% of those interviewed indicated that they had some sort of legal representation during their trial, many said that their legal representation was far from sufficient citing issues such as their lawyers were inexperienced in capital punishment trials, that they left mid-trial as they were not being paid by the client, or they put in contact with the defendant the day of the trial with no means to prepare in advance. Another 34% admitted to not being afforded a lawyer at all by the courts and being alone during the trial. Even though the Congolese penal code provides for universal legal representation, “the funds allocated for legal aid are generally unavailable at the free consultation offices of the Bar Association. Lawyers and advocates therefore do not have the resources to prepare files and organize the defense of their clients.” DETENTION CONDITIONS On top of the death sentence, the report disclosed details of prison conditions and what living on death row means for those who are sentenced. As the DRC is under a de facto moratorium, many who receive the death sentence are incarcerated indefinitely. Many are housed in facilities that are located far away from their families, rendering seeing loved ones a complicated, costly affair at best and completely impossible at worst. Overpopulation in prisons is omnipresent, going as far as 560% over capacity at the prison facility in Makala and 465% in Goma. Sanitary and hygiene conditions are deplorable, as well as the quality of food, medical services and security services in the prisons which contribute annually to numerous deaths. In 2019 the UN’s Committee on Torture condemned the situation, equating the hazardous living conditions to the definition of torture. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1525] => Array ( [objectID] => 4281 [title] => Singapore must stop targeting HR defenders and media [timestamp] => 1582156800 [date] => 20/02/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-must-stop-targeting-hr-defenders-and-media/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d75f3b26e73e2881051cab4969a0e231_2-1.jpg [extrait] => We, the 37 undersigned groups and organisations, and three individuals, are appalled by Singapore’s denial and response to the highlighting of alleged “barbaric” unlawful practices in execution method that was highlighted vide a Jan 16 media statement issued by Lawyers for Liberty (LFL).get to many more people when media reports on our statements. [texte] => Singapore claims that it is “untrue, baseless and preposterous”.We are also shocked by Singapore’s invoking of the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (Pofma), and the issuing of notices and directions ordering LFL and three parties that have shared the allegations – Singaporean activist Kirsten Han, The Online Citizen website and Yahoo Singapore – to correct the false statements.To comply with this Pofma Order, Singapore authorities said: “They will be required to carry a correction notice alongside their posts or articles stating that their posts or articles contain falsehoods”.Non-compliance with the Pofma notice is a crime, and if convicted an individual may be liable to a fine not exceeding S$20,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both, whereas others will be liable to a fine not exceeding S$500,000.The notice can also lead to an access blocking order, whereby service providers will have to disable access by end-users in Singapore to the online location.It is not a defence even if one has applied to the responsible minister to withdraw or vary the order, appealed to court or is “subject to a duty under any written law, any rule of law, any contract or any rule of professional conduct, that prevents the person from complying with the Pofma notice”.It is deplorable to ask any human rights defender or media agency to publicly take a position that the alleged rights violations and/or injustices that they highlighted or reported on are false or contains falsehood.Where there is an allegation of a wrongdoing or a crime, it is the duty of a human rights defender or any concerned person to highlight it, and thereafter, it falls on the relevant government, or relevant national, regional or international bodies to conduct the needed independent investigation and determine whether what was alleged was true or baseless. Note that many investigations may even come to no conclusions due to insufficiency of evidence, and this should in no way lead to the assumption that the allegations were untrue. A perusal of the LFL statement shows that the source of their information, amongst others, is from a credible source – a Singapore prison officer.This would reasonably be someone who had first-hand knowledge of what was being alleged.In the LFL statement, it also mentions that this officer is prepared to come forward and testify at the appropriate forum. LFL also highlighted this allegation earlier, in its Nov 23, 2019 statement, where it said: “Finally, we’ve also received shocking information relating to the process of execution at Changi prison.“We have incontrovertible evidence that unlawful and extremely brutal methods are secretly used in carrying out hangings by the Singapore Prison Services. We are prepared to reveal this evidence, supplied by prison officers, in due course.” LFL, in the Jan 16 statement, also said it had written to the Singapore authorities and informed them it is prepared to meet them and hand over the evidence in its possession. However, the Singapore government met LFL’s disclosures with deafening silence.Significantly, the government also did not deny LFL’s allegation of brutality in carrying out hangings, which has been widely reported.The Singapore government should have rightfully met with LFL, received the evidence and conducted a proper investigation and disclosed its findings.According to law, police are not supposed to torture detainees, but the fact is that some police officers do torture and even kill those in their custody.It may not the government’s fault, but the fault of these errant officers who did wrong.But, if a government, after receiving information of such wrongdoings, chooses to do nothing about it, then it can be said that the government that “covers up” wrongdoings of public servants or simply ignores it may be just as guilty of the said wrongdoings.The media is obliged to report to the public, and that includes statements and positions of ordinary people and human rights defenders.Most media outlets, would as a matter of good practice, try to get a response from the alleged perpetrator or other relevant parties but the news ought never be stifled simply because the perpetrators (or interested parties) do not provide an immediate response.Of course, most media will carry even a late response from the alleged perpetrator or other interested parties.Obligations imposed on the media should not be the same as those imposed on individuals using social media.Many good people who share news or views on social media, if they do get a response from alleged perpetrator or interested parties, will also usually share that response with their readership.In Malaysia, many human rights violations and even crimes that were highlighted by HR Defenders or media were investigated by the government.As an example, in Malaysia, it was the investigation by the New Straits Times Special Probes Team into the mass killings in Wang Kelian in 2015 that highlighted and suggested a massive, coordinated cover-up.It revealed the human trafficking death camps had been discovered months earlier, but police only announced the discovery on May 25.It also questioned why the police ordered the destruction of these camps, which were potential crime scenes before they could be processed by forensics personnel?The Malaysian government’s response was to investigate this case, and on Jan 16, it was reported that the Home Ministry will present a report by the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) on the Wang Kelian human trafficking incident to the Cabinet next week.Hopefully, thereafter the report will be made public.Like Malaysia, Singapore too should have conducted a comprehensive investigation on the allegations raised by LFL, and not try to “force” LFL and others who highlighted this issue to publicly admit that it contained falsehood.Publicly highlighting allegations or facts of wrongdoings, rights violations and injustices today is a means of ensuring that justice is done, for otherwise relevant governments and enforcement authorities can sometimes chose to simply “cover-up” such allegations.It is wrong for any government to use laws and crimes (with serious penalties) to prevent human rights defenders, media and others from highlighting allegations of wrongdoings.Such laws that undermine the responsibilities of human rights defenders, including media, ought to be repealed. Freedom of expression, opinion and peaceful assembly ought to be protected.The courage to highlight possible human rights violations, injustices and wrongdoings should be applauded, not stifled or penalised.The media reported that the Singapore Minister of Communications and Information had on Jan 23 directed the Infocomm Media Development Authority to get Internet service providers here to block the LFL website for not complying with a correction direction issued under the fake news law.Therefore, we call on Singapore to:– immediately and unconditionally withdraw the notice and internet access blocking orders pursuant to Pofma that were directed at LFL, Kristen Han, The Online Citizen, Yahoo Singapore and others.– ensure an independent and thorough investigation is conducted concerning allegations of unjust and barbaric practices that allegedly happened during the hanging of persons in Singapore.– respect human rights defenders and media agencies, and not to stifle them from carrying out their responsibility and duty to highlight allegations of human rights violations and injustices.– abolish the death penalty.________________________________________The above is a joint statement from Aliran, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (Adpan), Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances (Afad), Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons from Indian Administered Jammu and Kashmir, Association of Human Rights Defenders and Promoters- HRDP in Myanmar, Asociación de Trabajadoras del Hogar a Domicilio y de Maquila–Atrahdom, Guatemala, Australians Against Capital Punishment, Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (Masum), India, Dutch League For Human Rights, Empower Foundation Thailand, Families of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance (Find) – Philippines, German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Global Women’s Strike United Kingdom, Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Information Center, Karapatan Alliance Philippines, LAW United Kingdom, Madpet (Malaysians Against Death Penalty and Torture), Malaysian Trade Union Congress, Manushya Foundation Thailand, MAP Foundation (Migrant Assistance Program) Thailand, North-South Initiative, Odhikar Bangladesh, Payday Men’s Network United Kingdom. Persatuan Komuniti Prihatin Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur, Programme Against Custodial Torture & Impunity (Pacti) India, People’s Empowerment Foundation Thailand, Sarawak Dayak Iban Association (Sadia), Singapore Anti Death Penalty Campaign, Suaram Malaysia, Terai Human Rights Defenders Alliance Nepal, The Advocates for Human Rights, The Day of the Endangered Lawyer Foundation, The Julian Wagner Memorial Fund Australia, Union for Civil Liberty Thailand, Workers Assistance Center Inc Philippines, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty/ Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, WH4C (Workers Hub For Change), Vucong, Giao (School of Law, Vietnam National University Hanoi), N Jayaram (Journalist, Bangalore) and Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman (human rights defender from Bangladesh, in Hong Kong) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1526] => Array ( [objectID] => 4282 [title] => The Death Penalty in Human Rights Watch “World Report 2020” [timestamp] => 1580947200 [date] => 06/02/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-in-human-rights-watch-world-report-2020/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/75fa1c5f08afe1c248cf216aa52c1265_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => HRW, a member organization of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, focused its report on human rights practices in almost 100 countries, including on abuses in civil and political rights. [texte] => The report assesses the situation of the death penalty in several countries: Angola; Belarus; Bahrain; Egypt; India; Iran; Iraq; Japan; Libya; Malaysia; Mauritania; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; the Philippines; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Somalia; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Syria; Uganda and the Unites States.In 2019, Libya “released on health grounds two former Gaddafi prime ministers who a Tripoli criminal court had sentenced to death in 2015”. HRW highlighted that “[n]o death sentences have been carried out since 2010 [in Libya], although both military and civilian courts continued to pronounce them”. Egypt sentenced to death “hundreds of individuals” in both civilian and military courts “often in mass trials in cases that stem from alleged political violence or planned violence”. In addition, authorities “executed at least 15 prisoners in three cases on political grounds. Military and civilian courts of appeal upheld at least 32 death sentences, raising the number on death row to 74”. In Saudi Arabia the situation is critical concerning the death penalty. On 23 April “Saudi Arabia carried out a mass execution of 37 men in various parts of the country. At least 33 were from the country’s minority Shia community who had been convicted following unfair trials for various alleged crimes, including protest-related offenses, espionage, and terrorism”. Moreover, World Coalition member organization Reprieve confirmed that “[a]t least three of those executed were minors at the time of their alleged offences”. Reprieve affirmed that the government “has executed more than 100 people in the first four months of 2019”. In July 2019, Bahrain, following the customary royal confirmation of a death sentence, executed three men “including two men convicted of terrorism offenses”. In Iraq, the fight against terrorism continues to be the principal reason to hand down death sentences. HRW reported that “[i]n August 2019, authorities released Ministry of Justice data that showed 8022 detainees”. Furthermore, in 2018, 47 non-Iraqi foreigners, suspected of ISIS affiliation, have been transferred “to Iraq for investigation in 2018 and early 2019, including at least 11 French nationals who have been sentenced to death.” In Iran, until November 2019 at least 227 individuals were executed. Even though the number is lower in comparison with 2017, the trend of execution is still high. Under Iranian law the death penalty does not even spare minors. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1527] => Array ( [objectID] => 4283 [title] => Logistics and Partnership Manager [timestamp] => 1580688000 [date] => 03/02/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/logistics-and-partnership-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits a logistics and partnership manager for a full time permanent position starting as soon as possible. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Mission:1/ Project management - Management of the EIDHR project and possible future financial partnerships with member organizations;- Building strong relationship with the 7 partners of the EIDHR project for the follow-up of the project, in liaison with the Director and the Financial Manager; - Follow-up of the timetable and reminders for all supporting documents for the interim reports;- Regular updates on the progress of the project, the needs of the partners and the requirements of the donor;- Organization and participation in field monitoring missions;2/ Management of the World Coalition's membership based organisation- Call for annual subscriptions and reminders in connection with the financial director and treasurer;- Follow-up of annual membership fees and donations;- Management of the membership sub-committee for new membership applications, radiations and exemption requests;- Management of memberships before and after validation by the Steering Committee;- Support to the membership sub-committee and the Steering Committee for the network expansion;- Creation of tools to encourage new organizations to join the World Coalition.3/ Facilitation of the network of member organisations- Supporting member organisations’ requests and helping them exchange information; in collaboration with the director;- Regular updates of contact details of member organisations, excel files on the Cloud, on the Website, emailing lists…- Creation of a guide for new members;- Facilitating horizontal discussions between members ;- Dissemination of members' actions on social media and the World Coalition's website.4/ Administrative and logistics management- Management of the logistics of all activities of the World Coalition in collaboration with the Program Manager;- Negotiation with service providers and suppliers for tariffs and contracts;- Supervision of trainees for internal administrative management, follow-up of postal and electronic mail;- Internal administrative management, follow-up of emails and mails- Management of Volunteers, Pro Bono and in kind contributions (Interpreters...);- Procurement of supplies and inventory management.- Management of administrative and regulatory files for administrations and organizations;5/ Support for the general coordination of the World Coalition (Steering Committee and General Assembly)- Logistics of statutory meetings, in collaboration with the Director;- Coordinating, translating and printing statutory documents;- Ensuring the smooth running of statutory meetings, in particular to ensure technical follow-up, in webconferencing and for meetings in person;6/ Management of publications - Follow-up of various publications and reports and strengthening the links with service providers (authors, translators, external consultants, designers, printing companies, etc.), in collaboration with the Program Manager;- Organisation of printing; - Management of stocks and printed materials;- Organisation of all mailings, including the World Day mailing.Qualifications :- A university degree, Bachelors or Master (MBA, Project management, event marketing business, logistics or any other subject linked to the job description)- Knowledge of and motivation for the associative and international solidarity sectors- Minimum 5 years of professional experience in the field of partnership, project, logistics and event management;- Excellent command of Pack Office;- Fluent in English and French; third working language would be preferable;- Autonomy, rigour, good sense of organisation, ability to prioritise and to be pro-active;- Good Listening and interpersonal skills, ability to work in a team and adaptability;- Capacity to mobilize and facilitate a network;- Availability to travel abroad.Conditions :- Salary based on qualifications and experience (gross salary: from 2,500 € per month)- Other benefits: contribution to the costs of transportation (50%) and meals (60%). Health Insurance- 35 hours per week according to French law- Long term permanent contract - Based in the Paris area (France)To apply:The application must be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Logistics and Partnership Manager) before 25 February with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)Interviews will be conducted during the week of 2 March 2020.Contract expected to start as soon as possible.The World Coalition is signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1528] => Array ( [objectID] => 4284 [title] => Philippines’ Major Setback as Abolitionist Leader in South-East Asia [timestamp] => 1579737600 [date] => 23/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/philippines-major-setback-as-abolitionist-leader-in-south-east-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/44e230e962ba9845350f4fedbc42a0c2_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => As a prominent leader in the campaign against death penalty in the South East Asia region for the last decade, Philippines’ reputation is endangered with President Duterte’s determination to reintroduce death penalty in the country. The country’s legislators are now on its second attempt to pass the bills. [texte] => In 2006, the Philippines abolished the death penalty for all crimes. A year later, the country gained the reputation of a regional leader in the campaign against death penalty for being the first South-East Asian country to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. More than a decade later, this reputation is on shaky ground following President Duterte’s election in May 2016 and his determination to reintroduce the death penalty as one of his major campaign promises. The intention was made clear again, more recently, as he called for death penalty for drugs-related offenses and plunder in his State of the Nation address in July 2019. Legislator’s Second AttemptIn 2017, the Philippine House of Representatives voted to reintroduce the death penalty for serious drug-related offenses. The move was later stalled in the Senate, but the second attempt to pass the bill has resurfaced in November 2019. Since then, 19 bills to re-introduce death penalty have been filed in the 18th Philippine Congress for drug trafficking and other related offenses, plunder, and trafficking in persons. Coupled with the fact that the majority of the current Senators are president’s allies, the bills now have bigger likelihood to pass the Congress, whose session has restarted since 20 January 2019. Local ResistanceThere is, however, a strong local resistance to prevent the adoption of the bills. The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) of the Philippines and FLAG Anti-Death Penalty Task Force are such examples. In 2018, CHR came up with a national survey highlighting that only 33% or less respondents in the country demand the death penalty for crimes related to illegal drugs. The study is the first of its kind in the country and it serves as an argument against the popularity of the death penalty, as claimed by the government. More recently, the Commissioner of CHR marked the 17th World Day Against Death Penalty by recalling Philippines’ commitment to OP2 ICCPR, the impact of death penalty on children whose parents have been sentenced to death, and the need to uphold the right to life. On the same day, FLAG Task Force hold a National Congress Against Death Penalty inviting significant members of House of Representatives, Senators, and police officers among others. Both events gained significant media coverage that echoed the domestic voices against capital punishment. International ScrutinyAs a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, Philippines have signed up for commitment to abolish death penalty and is prohibited from reintroducing death penalty in the future. Reinstating the death penalty would be a serious breach of international law.Among those scrutiny are the High Commissioner for Human Rights in its open letter to Philippines in 2016 and the UN Human Rights Committee which adopted General Comment No. 36 in 2018 that eliminates any legal doubt that indeed, abolitionist state parties to ICCPR are barred from reintroducing death penalty. In July 2019, the UN Human Rights Council added urgency to the resistance by adopting a Resolution on Promotion and protection of human rights in the Philippines. Now the OHCHR is to prepare a report on the human rights situation in the country, which, as the time of its writing, is calling for submissions until 31 January 2020. The likelihood that the Philippines will experience a major setback despite having committed to international human rights obligation and was known as regional leader for abolitionist movement, shows that the path after abolition is not always linear nor definite. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1529] => Array ( [objectID] => 4285 [title] => Documenting Human Rights Violations in North Korea [timestamp] => 1579132800 [date] => 16/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/documenting-human-rights-violations-in-north-korea/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e4b316b2d66b3e188817df0826c61726_2-1-500x356.jpg [extrait] => The Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG) released a report in June 2019 entitled "Mapping the Fate of the Dead (Killings and Burials in North Korea)". [texte] => Updating an earlier report from 2017, it presents four years of research that aimed to document and map three types of death penalty-related locations in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea): locations of executions of persons sentenced to death; locations where bodies are buried or cremated by the state; official places that may contain documents or other evidence related to these events.The working group used satellite imagery in interviews with persons who have escaped from the North Korean regime. Satellite images containing basic information (city name, train station, etc.) are shown to interviewees who are then asked, starting with places close to where they lived or that they know of, to point on the map to places that correspond to the three types of places described (place of execution, burial place or place that may contain evidence). Witnesses are neither assisted nor directed by the persons conducting the interview. If they are able to point to locations, then the coordinates are recorded and compiled.To do this, the working group uses a geographic information system (GIS) to process, analyze and finally present the elements thus collected in the form of geographic data. The importance of such researchAs the authors of the report explain, this type of research is of particular importance both for investigating human rights violations and for the surviving victims of the regime, who are looking for answers.Indeed, having a clearer picture of the sites related to human rights violations in North Korea facilitates future investigative work on the crimes committed. It would allow these sites to be preserved and classified as crime scenes in order to gather as much information as possible.During the research, 92% of the participants felt that, in the case of transitional justice, it is necessary to exhume the bodies in order to identify the victims and return them to their families for a decent funeral.Finally, recognition of these crimes is fundamental to the recovery of society after a totalitarian regime. Mapping therefore adds an additional layer of understanding to the various research studies already carried out by other human rights actors, both to understand what is currently taking place in the North Korean regime and to fulfil a duty to remember the victims.TJWG’s research in a few key points The working group interviewed 610 people over 4 years. 323 sites were reported as state-sanctioned execution sites and were accompanied by geographical coordinates. Of these 323 sites, 200 are in the North Hamgyong Province. The most common crimes for which people are convicted in descending order are property crimes, violent crimes, political crimes, human trafficking, economic crimes. 318 sites were reported as sites of public execution. Of these public executions, 19 involved more than 10 persons at the same time. The most common places chosen for executions seem to be riverbanks, fields, markets, sports fields or schools. The various testimonies indicate that the size of the crowds varied, but that crowds of up to 1,000 or more people came to witness the executions. 83% of witnesses attended a public execution and 53% were forced to attend. 16% of those who testify have at least one family member who was executed by the regime.Lack of a fair trialIn addition to a lack of access to a lawyer, or to due process, many witnesses also indicated that the execution of convicted persons was often scheduled on the same day and place of the trial, thus underlining that the death sentence was decided in advance and that the trial was purely formal.Moreover, trials were often held in the absence of a judge, presided over solely by officers of the regime.The case of deaths in custody and secret executionsIn addition to public executions, 20 interviews conducted since 2018 mention deaths in custody, which may involve several people at the same time.The report states that three deaths that occurred a few days after a person's release, but were the direct result of the detention conditions. Finally, reference is also made to secret executions, particularly in cases where the person sentenced to death is accused of committing a crime such as murder or embezzlement.Gathering evidence: the question of official places containing documents relating to human rights violationsThe research conducted by the working group also aims to map locations that may contain death penalty-related material in North Korea. The North Korean regime is indeed known to carry out a systematic classification of the population. It uses a system called "songbun", a discriminatory system of surveillance and classification of citizens into several groups: "nucleus", "complex", "hostile".The first 2017 report identifies places such as local police offices, intelligence offices, military units and administrative offices, which may contain data on executions and human rights violations.For more information, click here to read the full report and here to access the map data.Photo by Aswin Deth on Unsplash [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1530] => Array ( [objectID] => 4286 [title] => Website Redesign and Development [timestamp] => 1579046400 [date] => 15/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/website-redesign-and-development/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s office in Paris area, France, is currently calling for web development and makeover tenders. The objective is to award a contract to develop and maintain the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s new website, based on technical specifications. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve this aim by supporting its member organisations, local, national and regional abolitionist forces; and by coordinating the international advocacy towards worlwide abolition of the death penalty.The World Coalition launches a call for tenders for a free lance web developer or web development company to meet its technical specifications for the redesign of its website.The successful free lance web developer or web development company shall have the following minimum qualifications:1. Duly established and authorized to conduct business with French-based customers;2. Proven track record developing, maintaining and search-engine optimizing PHP/MySQL websites;3. Proven track record using content syndication technologies including RSS and JSON;4. Ability to develop, maintain and search-engine optimize multilingual websites, including left-to-right languages. Tenders shall include the following information:1. Presentation of the candidate including qualifications of the developer(s) proposed to carry out the contract and examples of previous work matching the above requirements;2. The price for one hour of web development or maintenance work, inclusive of all taxes (as a non-profit, the World Coalition is liable to pay VAT in France);3. The price for one day of web development or maintenance work, inclusive of all taxes;4. An estimate of the time and cost (inclusive of all taxes) the candidate would charge for the technical specifications, with a short explanation of the way the candidate would go about each task. To apply: Proposals should be submitted by email in English or in French to web [at] worldcoalition.org by close of business on 1st March 2020. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1531] => Array ( [objectID] => 4287 [title] => Unfair trials and the death penalty for terrorism in Iraq [timestamp] => 1578873600 [date] => 13/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/unfair-trials-and-the-death-penalty-for-terrorism-in-iraq/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/940dd2689d2d8fdbf1973919c1aa72e2_2-1-500x280.png [extrait] => From January until August 2019, Iraq executed more than 100 individuals accused of being affiliated with Daesh, according to Kurdish media network Rudaw. [texte] => From January until August 2019, Iraq executed more than 100 individuals accused of being affiliated with Daesh, according to Kurdish media network Rudaw.To put it in perspective, during 2018 at least 52 individuals were executed; these new statistics would indicate that in the first 8 months of 2019 one individual was executed every other day at the hands of the State. Despite this high number of executions, Rudaw reports that there are still 8000 people sentenced to death in Iraq. CRIMES PUNISHABLE BY DEATH In Iraq, the death penalty is regulated by the national legislation and it is imposed to persons founds guilty of a variety of different crimes including murder, treason, espionage, rape, kidnapping, terrorism, war crimes and drug trafficking. However, people accused of terrorism face particular scrutiny because their cases are judged based on the Anti-Terrorism Law (No. 13) of 2005. According to articles 2 and 3 of this law, if a person is found guilty of a codified crime, either as an accomplice to the crime or a mastermind of it, the sentence is death. In many cases Iraq officials have elevated the Anti-Terrorism Law over the Criminal Procedure Code. This means that people accused of terrorist activities could see the denial of their fundamental civil rights. THE LACK OF FAIRNESS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM During a conference held in Paris on the occasion of the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Belkis Wille, a researcher at Human Rights Watch, reported that, most people accused of being affiliated with terrorism in Iraq are not informed of the reasons for their arrest. Additionally, they have no access to legal representation, they cannot talk with their families and they do not have enough time to prepare their defence. Finally, they are sentenced quickly through unfair and speedy trials, based on insufficient evidence or just on one testimony. Wille continued by saying that these unfair trials are the result of a confessional system that Iraqi criminal justice is based on. The pressure is put on investigators to get a quick confession in order to bring a defendant before a court. Consequently, torture and any kind of ill treatment become acceptable means in trying to make a suspect to confess. This is a system that proves to be focused more on revenge than on transparent and fair access to justice. There is no presumption of innocence because even suspects, who have not yet been found guilty of terrorist charges, are subjected to ill treatment. This unfairness, also has dramatic consequences for lawyers because they have defended alleged terrorists. In fact, as stated by Amnesty International, in 2018, about 15 lawyers were accused to be affiliated to Daesh just because they were defending people sentenced for terrorism. The behaviour of the Iraqi criminal justice system has been repeatedly criticised by human rights defenders as it is in violation of many human rights standards. This is why organisations like Amnesty International are trying to promote the creation of international courts to try individuals suspected of being linked to ISIS. These courts would aim to protect access to justice through fair trials and promote the integrity of the right to life by outlawing the death penalty. FOREIGNERS BEING SENTENCED TO DEATH AND THE QUESTION OF REPATRIATION A significant number of people suspected to be affiliated with ISIS are foreigners and they are more likely to be sentenced to death. Wille highlighted that, even though there is little evidence when it concerns foreigners, Iraq public opinion calls for the death sentence in cases where foreigners are brought to court. Those accused of being foreign fighters are blamed by many for entering Iraq and killing their citizens. On the grounds of repatriation negotiation, Iraq has demanded countries to take back their nationals suspected of being ISIS fighters. However certain countries, like France, have refused to accept them. Repatriation is an issue that ignited debate between European governments, NGOs and lawyers, who are struggling to bring their clients back to their respective countries to be tried in national courts. On one hand, European authorities reject repatriation on claims of negative public opinion and national security, while on the other hand lawyers claim that, the best security action is to repatriate the accused in order to better survey them and to prevent any future attack on national territory. The lawyers claims were reaffirmed when, in November 2019, many terrorism suspects, detained by Kurdish forces, escaped prison after a Turkish attack on the northern region of Syria. This has become a very uncontrolled situation that brought a risk of dispersion. Lawyer Nabil Boudi said, repatriation is "the easiest way to secure our territory". Nabil Boudi, the lawyer of six French nationals sentenced to death in Iraq, including Bilal Kabaoui and Brahim Nejara, insisted that repatriation is needed to make the trial of his clients equitable and fair. During the public debate organised at the Paris Bar, on the occasion of the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Nabil Boudi testified that his clients were subjected to torture during different stages and that their trial lasted about 10 minutes. Additionally, Kabaouis’ and Nejaras’ sisters participated in the conference in Paris and expressed their fears about the executions and the death of their brothers. They strongly wished for their brothers to be repatriated and if found guilty, they did not ask for impunity, they just want them to be tried in their own country.CONCLUSION It has been for many years that Amnesty International has placed Iraq on the list of the top five executioners in the world; a list that includes China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam. The death sentences in Iraq do not recognize a linear trend; sometimes the number of executions decrease, but sometimes they increase drastically, for example from 2018 to 2019. The frequency of executions was explained by the Minister of Justice Haider Al-Zamili in a meeting with the President of the Supreme Judicial Council in 2015. He stated that the application of the death penalty is a necessary deterrent given Iraq’s current situation and that it will be stopped once Iraq attains a situation of security. Contrariwise, Sarah Leah Whitson, the Executive Director of Middle East and North Africa Division affirmed “such broad prosecutions would be a grave mistake if Iraq is ever to establish some modicum of national reconciliation”. In her opinion, the solution is “to allow these ISIS members to participate in a national truth-telling mechanism that can also create a meaningful record of ISIS crimes, and to make amends through service to the Iraqi communities to which they and their families ultimately belong … Given the deeply fractured state of Iraqi society, this may also be its best chance to unite and rebuild a peaceful country”. Given the current situation in Iraq, the lack of fairness in its judicial system and the application of death penalty, human rights organisations and lawyers have urged France and other European countries to continue to be faithful to their moral principles of fair trial and human rights beyond its boundaries. The repatriation of European citizens is seen not just as a means to protect their rights, but also to fight against terrorism by obtaining information to better understand the phenomenon of radicalisation in France and Europe. Furthermore, the eventual executions could affect “the legitimacy and credibility of France on the international scene, both in the bilateral dialogue, and within international bodies in particular within the Union Europeans but also vis-à-vis third States wishing to join the EU since the abolition of the death penalty is a condition of membership of the European Union. This would create a danger precedent that could permeate any future discussion of human rights or of the treatment of French nationals prosecuted by the justice of another country, even then that the French authorities have an important role to play at this level.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1532] => Array ( [objectID] => 4288 [title] => The Inter-American system commits to see the end of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1578873600 [date] => 13/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-inter-american-system-commits-to-see-the-end-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c504e3b6c852efc1092af6c6d7f48111_2-1-500x286.jpg [extrait] => In November 2019, Ecuador hosted a series of high level meetings of the Organisation of American States (OAS), including the Third Forum of the Inter-American Human Rights System and the 174th Period of Sessions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), during which abolition of the death penalty was on the agenda. [texte] => Promoting adherence to the American regional protocol on the abolition of the death penaltyThe IAHRS Forum focused on the 60th anniversary of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and on the 40th anniversary of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. On 7 November, the World Coalition organised a panel on the 30th anniversary of the American Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty. Of the 35 member states of the OAS, 13 have ratified the American Protocol, 8 abolitionist countries in law have not ratified it (Bolivia, Canada, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Peru and Suriname,) and 14 still retain the death penalty. Speaking for the World Coalition, President Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina explained the death penalty situation worldwide, the Americas, success stories and regional challenges. Commissioner Joel Hernández García called on the IACHR and the World Coalition to increase collaboration and highlighted the importance of engaging the 8 non-adhered abolitionist countries. Reinforcing precautionary measures to prevent executionsIn recent years, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has made several decisions on death penalty cases, including with precautionary measures to prevent executions, as in the USA. While assessing the historical impact of the inter-American human rights system and the challenges for the future, Commissioner Joel Hernández García pointed out that some precautionary measures have never been implemented. In the USA, the duality of jurisdictions (Federal and State) are real challenges for the Inter American Human Rights System. Several ideas were suggested to improve that situation: increase the work between local civil society and the Inter American System, prioritize on emblematic situations to be more effective, improve Media coverage, create guidelines on how to comply with recommendations and decisions, develop social media, have a periodic and systemic way of monitoring corrective measures at different levels: executive, judiciary, legislation.Challenging the Status-quo in the English-speaking Caribbean countriesOn 12 November 2019, at the 174th Period of Sessions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) held in Quito, Ecuador, the Death Penalty Project, a member organisation of the World Coalition, appeared before the Commission at a thematic hearing on ‘The situation of the death penalty in the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean’. The delegation consisted of Co-Executive Director, Saul Lehrfreund, alongside Jamaican attorney Malene Alleyne and Kacey Mordecai: attorney and program officer at Robert F Kennedy Human Rights.The death penalty is currently retained by approximately one-third of the OAS Member States, and of the 14 retentionist States, 12 of them are within the English-speaking Caribbean. Yet none of these have executed in over a decade – most for much longer – and the US is the only actively executing country within the OAS. At present, the English-speaking Caribbean has a death row population of at least 69 persons – namely in Barbados (10), Grenada (1), Guyana (15), St Vincent and the Grenadines (1) and Trinidad and Tobago (42). Only four English-speaking Caribbean countries (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, and Jamaica) have ratified the American Convention. Both Barbados and Dominica have made specific reservations to the American Convention with respect to their use of capital punishment, and Trinidad and Tobago denounced the American Convention in 1998 in order to continue to impose capital punishment in line with the laws of the country. In a press release following the session, the IACHR asked those OAS member states that retain the death penalty to take proactive steps to move towards abolition: “The IACHR was particularly concerned about the information it heard regarding the death penalty in countries in the Anglophone Caribbean. While these countries have not enforced the death penalty for more than 10 years, challenges remain to abolish this form of punishment (…) The IACHR urges the States who still apply the death penalty to either abolish it or at least impose a moratorium on its application.”According to the Death Penalty Project, “In this context and given the de facto abolitionist status of all English-speaking Caribbean countries, there is a clear lack of momentum across the region towards complete abolition. This passivity is not necessarily reflective of any significant opposition to abolition, but rather demonstrates a reluctance to question the status quo. With no executions having taken place for over a decade across the region, and over two decades in many of these states, it seems clear that given the necessary impetus, meaningful steps could be taken towards the complete abolition of capital punishment in the English-Speaking Caribbean. The full hearing is available to view online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1011&v=c9NECHBXCmA&feature=emb_title [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1533] => Array ( [objectID] => 5562 [title] => Whom the State Kills [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/whom-the-state-kills/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An unexpected feature of the modern death penalty is the fact that most persons sentenced to death are not executed [...]. Death sentences are remarkably poor predictors of who will ultimately be executed. An even more salient feature of the death penalty is the fat that race matters [...]. Rarity and race, then, stand as hallmarks of the American death penalty. But until now the interaction of these two phenomena has not been studied. This Article examines whether race is relevant for understanding the fate of the unfortunate few [...]. By combining Baldus's sentencing data whith original execution data, we demonstrate that the overall execution is susbsentially greater for defendants convicted of killing a white victim than for those convicted of killing a Black victim. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://harvardcrcl.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/07.30.2020-Phillips-Marceau-For-Website.pdf ) [1534] => Array ( [objectID] => 5593 [title] => In May 2020, While the World May Be Under a Lockdown, the Death Penalty is Not! [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-may-2020-while-the-world-may-be-under-a-lockdown-the-death-penalty-is-not/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Statement from the World Coalition calling for a worldwide moratorium on the death penalty during the COVID-19 pandemics. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-WCADP-StatementCOVID19-deathpenalty_v1.0-1.pdf ) [1535] => Array ( [objectID] => 5602 [title] => Death Row Stories [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-stories/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This docu-series investigate the fallibility of the death penalty in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://edition.cnn.com/shows/death-row-stories ) [1536] => Array ( [objectID] => 5603 [title] => The Innocence Files [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-innocence-files/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This mini-series sheds light on 8 true stories of wrongful convictions overturned thanks to the work of the Innocence Project and several organizations from the Innocence Network. One of its episode feature the case of Texas death-row exoneree Alfred Dewayne Brown. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.netflix.com/title/80214563 ) [1537] => Array ( [objectID] => 5605 [title] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English) [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-english/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_EN-1.pdf ) [1538] => Array ( [objectID] => 5612 [title] => Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts: Are Courts Keeping “Junk Science” Out of the Courtroom? [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/psychological-assessments-in-legal-contexts-are-courts-keeping-junk-science-out-of-the-courtroom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reports the results of a two-part investigation of psychological assessments proposed as expert evidence in legal context. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1529100619888860 ) [1539] => Array ( [objectID] => 5613 [title] => My Life As a Death Row Executioner [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/my-life-as-a-death-row-executioner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on Real Stories YouTube channel, this documentary casts a penetrating look at the consequences of the death penalty through three powerful stories - the rare perspective of a former state executioner who comes within days of executing an innocent person; a Boston Marathon bombing victim who struggles to decide what justice really means; and the parents of a murder victim who choose to fight for the life of their daughter’s killer. As the battle to overturn capital punishment comes to a head in the U.S., this provocative film challenges viewers to question their deepest beliefs about justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JS5avm0g-4 ) [1540] => Array ( [objectID] => 5616 [title] => Sentenced to death without execution: Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-death-without-execution-why-capital-punishment-has-not-yet-been-abolished-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report Sentenced to Death Without Execution, Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados, was published on 7 April 2020. It presents the views of opinion formers and was written by Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal with the assistance of Amaya Athill.Six independent nations in the Eastern Caribbean – Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent and the Grenadines, all members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) – and Barbados, retain the death penalty for murder. Most of these countries have not executed anyone sentenced to death for at least ten years with the vast majority not carrying out an execution for more than twenty years.This independent empirical study, which presents the views of 100 ‘opinion formers’, drawn from the seven jurisdictions, aims to shed light on why these countries hang on to capital punishment and what are the barriers to the complete abolition of the death penalty in these nations. The respondents were asked about their knowledge of the use of capital punishment in their respective countries and the extent to which, and why, they either supported the policy of retaining the death penalty or were in favour of its abolition, as well as the factors, beliefs, and assumptions that appeared to account for their government’s unwillingness to embrace complete abolition.Key findings include:- Across these seven nations, 48 of the interviewees favoured retention of the death penalty (18 of them strongly) and 52 were in favour of its abolition (30 of them strongly) Of those who favoured retention of the death penalty, only a minority were committed to retaining it: only 10 of 48 interviewees said they would ‘strongly oppose an Act of Parliament to completely abolish the death penalty by definitely voting against it’. Respondents believed the best strategies to persuade their respective governments to embrace reform were: ‘through creating an influential civil society pressure group ‘Citizens Against the Death Penalty’; by ‘mounting a legal challenge to the constitutionality of the death penalty’; or by ‘persuading the government to establish a high-level commission to report on the subject’. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/sentenced-to-death-without-execution-why-capital-punishment-has-not-yet-been-abolished-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ ) [1541] => Array ( [objectID] => 5617 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On March 31, 2020, the 12th annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2019 was published by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). It provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2019 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2019, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2019 are also included in the tables. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/en/articles/4177/ ) [1542] => Array ( [objectID] => 5618 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our ninth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/death-penalty-2019 ) [1543] => Array ( [objectID] => 5619 [title] => There Is No Evil [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/there-is-no-evil/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There Is No Evil (Persian: شیطان وجود ندارد‎, lit. 'Satan doesn't exist') is a 2020 Iranian drama film directed by Mohammad Rasoulof. It won the Golden Bear for Best Film at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival. The film relates four stories concerning the death penalty in Iran. Rasoulof explained that the film is about "people taking responsibility" for their actions, and that each story "is based on my own experience." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=115&v=HgyisKVoFzY&feature=emb_title ) [1544] => Array ( [objectID] => 5620 [title] => Failings of the Supreme Court, Human Sacrifice, Sentencing and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/failings-of-the-supreme-court-human-sacrifice-sentencing-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the judicial discourse on the relationship between human sacrifice and punishment in criminal law, there are glaring errors. Looking closely at the Supreme Court’s judgment in Ishwari Lal Yadav v State of Chhattisgarh, the deviation from the principle of individualised sentencing and the consequences of ignoring evidence on the complex anthropological and psychological dimensions of human sacrifice are reflected upon. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.epw.in/journal/2020/8/commentary/human-sacrifice-sentencing-and-death-penalty.html ) [1545] => Array ( [objectID] => 5621 [title] => Black Deaths Matter: The Race-of-Victim Effect and Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/black-deaths-matter-the-race-of-victim-effect-and-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The racial dimensions of the death penalty are well-documented. Many observers assume this state of affairs derives from bias—often implicit and occasionally explicit—against black defendants in particular. Research points to an even more alarming factor. The race of the victim, not the defendant, steers cases in the direction of death. Regardless of the perpetrator’s race, those who kill whites are more likely to face capital charges, receive a death sentence, and die by execution than those who murder blacks. This short Essay adds a contemporary gloss to the race-of-victim effect literature, placing it in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement and showing how it relates to the broader, systemic devaluation of African-American lives. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3527059 ) [1546] => Array ( [objectID] => 5623 [title] => The Rise, Fall, and Afterlife of the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-rise-fall-and-afterlife-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This review addresses four key issues in the modern (post-1976) era of capital punishment in the United States. First, why has the United States retained the death penalty when all its peer countries (all other developed Western democracies) have abolished it? Second, how should we understand the role of race in shaping the distinctive path of capital punishment in the United States, given our country's history of race-based slavery and slavery's intractable legacy of discrimination? Third, what is the significance of the sudden and profound withering of the practice of capital punishment in the past two decades? And, finally, what would abolition of the death penalty in the United States (should it ever occur) mean for the larger criminal justice system? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024721 ) [1547] => Array ( [objectID] => 5628 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ‘Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics’ attempts to create a comprehensive year-by-year documentation of movements in the death row population in India. The publication tracks important political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty and the criminal justice system in the year 2019. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/5e25a02b5dfafe47d399d2ad/1579524149035/Project+39A+Annual-Statistics-04-PG-Web.pdf ) [1548] => Array ( [objectID] => 5962 [title] => [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/5962-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Abolishing the Death Penalty: Why India Should Say No to Capital Punishment, Gopalkrishna Gandhi asks fundamental questions about the death penalty. Is taking another life a just punishment or an act as inhuman as the crime that triggered it? Does having capital punishment in the law books deter crime? His conclusions are unequivocal: Cruel in its operation, ineffectual as deterrence, unequal in its application in an uneven society, liable like any punishment to be in error but incorrigibly so, these grievous flaws that are intrinsic to the death penalty are compounded by yet another—it leaves the need for retribution unrequited and simply makes society more bloodthirsty.Examining capital punishment around the world from the time of Socrates onwards, the author delves into how the penalty was applied in India during the times of Asoka, Sikandar Lodi, Krishnadevaraya, the Peshwas and the British Raj, and how it works today. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.in/Abolishing-Death-Penalty-Capital-Punishment/dp/9382277781 ) [1549] => Array ( [objectID] => 6465 [title] => [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/6465-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Энэхүү илтгэлийг боловсруулахдаа хэд хэдэн хэргийг тоймлон бичсэн ба тэдгээр нь цаазын ялыг хэрэгжүүлэхийн бодит аюулыг ил тодорхой харуулж байна. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/mon_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [1550] => Array ( [objectID] => 9030 [title] => Enduring Injustice. The Peristence of Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/enduring-injustice-the-peristence-of-racial-discrimination-in-the-u-s-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => This report seeks to provide an updated overview of the subject with particular attention to putting the American experience of race and the death penalty in context—both historical context and in relation to broader social movements. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/reports/r/Enduring-Injustice-Race-and-the-Death-Penalty-2020.pdf ) [1551] => Array ( [objectID] => 9068 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2019c/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Amnesty International's 2020 global report on death sentences and executions in 2019. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5018472020ENGLISH.PDF ) [1552] => Array ( [objectID] => 9297 [title] => Joint letter with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-letter-with-the-inter-american-commission-on-human-rights-on-the-occasion-of-the-30th-anniversary-of-the-protocol-to-the-american-convention-on-human-rights-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Joint letter with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to abolish the death penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ENLetterIACHR.pdf ) [1553] => Array ( [objectID] => 9298 [title] => Human Rights Activists in Iran Annual Report on Executions in Iran 2019-2020 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-activists-in-iran-annual-report-on-executions-in-iran-2019-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => On World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Center of Statistics of Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRAI) has published its annual report, in efforts to raise public awareness about the situation of the death penalty in Iran [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.en-hrana.org/world-day-against-the-death-penalty-annual-report-on-execution-in-iran-2019-2020 ) [1554] => Array ( [objectID] => 9621 [title] => Respect for Minimum Standards? Report on the Death Penalty in China [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/respect-for-minimum-standards-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => This report attempts to assess the use of the death penalty in China against the Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, as approved by the UNGeneral Assembly, which establish minimum standards where states still choose to use capital punishment. The report is an updated and expanded version of an interim publication produced by The Rights Practice for the World Congress Against the Death Penalty in 2019. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.rights-practice.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=2a885eaf-8f27-4180-9cd0-20344ad47f50 ) [1555] => Array ( [objectID] => 10569 [title] => Death Penalty: Majority of States Continue to Support UN Call for Moratorium on Executions at Committee Vote [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-majority-of-states-continue-to-support-un-call-for-moratorium-on-executions-at-committee-vote/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Congo [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Djibouti [4] => Dominica [5] => Eswatini [6] => Guinea [7] => Lebanon [8] => Libya [9] => Nauru [10] => Niger [11] => Pakistan [12] => Philippines [13] => Republic of Korea [14] => Sierra Leone [15] => Solomon Islands [16] => South Sudan [17] => Tonga [18] => Uganda [19] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5033542020ENGLISH.pdf ) [1556] => Array ( [objectID] => 12331 [title] => Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General (2020) [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/75/309 ) [1557] => Array ( [objectID] => 12974 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2020: Year-End Report [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2020-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2020 was abnormal in almost every way, and that was clearly the case when it came to capital punishment in the United States. The interplay of four forces shaped the U.S. death penalty landscape in 2020: the nation’s long-term trend away from capital punishment; the worst global pandemic in more than a century; nationwide protests for racial justice; and the historically aberrant conduct of the federal administration. At the end of the year, more states had abolished the death penalty or gone ten years without an execution, more counties had elected reform prosecutors who pledged never to seek the death penalty or to use it more sparingly; fewer new death sentences were imposed than in any prior year since the Supreme Court struck down U.S. death penalty laws in 1972; and despite a six-month spree of federal executions without parallel in the 20th or 21st centuries, fewer executions were carried out than in any year in nearly three decades. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://documents.deathpenaltyinfo.org/alike-kingfisher/production/reports/year-end/YearEndReport2020.pdf ) [1558] => Array ( [objectID] => 14084 [title] => I Spent A Day With Death Row Survivors [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/i-spent-a-day-with-death-row-survivors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Anthony Padilla interviewed 4 death row survivors to shed light on sentencing innocent people to death for a crime they did not commit. Derrick Jamison, Nick Yarris, Peter Pringle and Sunny Jacobs spent between 15 and 23 years awaiting executions, before being finally released from death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F11-RK2_mxQ&feature=youtu.be ) [1559] => Array ( [objectID] => 14192 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2020 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ‘Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics’ attempts to create a comprehensive year-by-year documentation of movements in the death row population in India. The publication tracks important political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty and the criminal justice system in the year 2020. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/60075f28f8b2cd7343a3f921/1611095850145/Annual+Statistics+Report+2020.pdf ) [1560] => Array ( [objectID] => 4289 [title] => DPIC Report on the 2019 Death Penalty Usage in the US [timestamp] => 1576800000 [date] => 20/12/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dpic-report-on-the-2019-death-penalty-usage-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/061d40daefae222c74f4a78bd4566b1d_2-1-500x307.jpg [extrait] => A year-end report by the Death Penalty Information Center highlights the continuing trend towards abolition with New Hampshire’s latest abolition, California’s moratorium, and the near-record low numbers of executions. [texte] => A year-end report published on 17 December 2019 by the Death Penalty Information Center highlights the death penalty usage in the US, public opinion, federal death penalty, and problematic executions.While the trend towards abolition continued in 2019, marked by California imposing a moratorium, New Hampshire abolishing death penalty, and other states further limiting the circumstances to impose death penalty, the report equally highlights the persisting problems of death penalty in the US.Progress Towards AbolitionAs recorded and projected by DCIP, the use of death penalty remained near historic lows this year with a total of 22 executions, between 35 and 37 new death sentences, and 2,656 people on death row throughout the country. Of these, more than one third (34.1%) of all people on death row in the USA have their executions on halt under a governor-moratorium. California is the latest state to do so on 13 March 2019, following the Governor Gavin Newsom’s announcement that racial discrimination, lack of deterrence value, and the high cost of capital punishment are signs of the “failure” of death penalty. This significant move has put California with the biggest death row population (729 as of 2019) on a similar boat as Colorado, Oregon, and Pennsylvania.Another remarkable news comes from New Hampshire, which becomes the 21st state to abolish the death penalty on 30 May 2019. Rep. Renny Cushing, a sponsor of the bill, quoted the importance of voices of murder victims’ family members, law enforcement, and the people that echo the objection towards death penalty.Federal Death Penalty and Judicial ErrorDespite the significant progress towards abolition that that DCIP has reported in 2019, the abolitionist movement in the US still has a lot to work on. On 25 July 2019, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) announced its intention to reintroduce federal death penalty after a 16-year hiatus. This sudden move has raised serious questions on the rulemaking procedures to adopt the execution protocol and has been followed by a federal lawsuit. On 20 November, executions scheduled for December 2019 and January 2020 were halted by a Federal Court, and on 6 December, the United States Supreme Court denied an application by the U.S. Department of Justice to lift the federal court injunction blocking the federal government from carrying out executions.On state level, “this year’s executions did not represent the worst of the worst crimes and offenders, but the most vulnerable defendants and those whose trials and appeals were the least reliable,” DPIC wrote. 19 out of the total 22 prisoners executed this year had either one or more of the following: serious mental illness, chronic childhood trauma, or brain injury/intellectual disabilities. As is the case with issues of innocence that stood out in 2019, with four men exonerated after having spent more than 40 years in prison such as Clifford Williams, Jr. and Charles Ray Finch. Additionally, executions of those with strong likelihood of innocence, such as Domineque Ray, further demonstrates the concern. This highlights the fact that judicial error continues to happen and death penalty as irrecoverable punishment faces the risk of executing an innocent person.Read the full report here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1561] => Array ( [objectID] => 4290 [title] => Children and the death penalty in Sub-Saharan Africa: NGO Forum and the 65th ACHPR Session [timestamp] => 1575849600 [date] => 09/12/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/children-and-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa-ngo-forum-and-the-65th-achpr-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9a9f38bd6d45f4e602a588fdb28a78d9_2-1-500x375.jpeg [extrait] => The NGO Forum and the subsequent 65th ACHPR Session (African Commission on Human and People’s Rights) was held in Banjul, the Gambia from 17th October to the 10 November 2019. [texte] => Addressing Children Who are Impacted by the Death PenaltyIn partnership with FIACAT, the World Coalition held a side-event at the NGO Forum on Saturday 19th October focusing on children of parents who are sentenced to death or executed in Sub-Saharan Africa, the theme of this year’s World Day. In the form of a panel, the side-event hosted speakers Connie Numbi (from Uganda’s Foundation for Human Rights Initiative- FHRI), John Nyoka (from Tanzania’s Children Education Society- CHESO), Paul Angaman (from Côte d’Ivoire, President of FIACAT), and Pacôme Akogou (Vice-President of ACAT Benin). Each speaker dove into various elements of how children experience the socio-psychological impact of the death penalty of a parent and what steps the State should take in protecting children from that impact. “[This] year’s theme and category are very important- the children we are celebrating today are rarely considered [by society with regards to capital punishment] but are condemned because of what their parents did…” said Connie Numbi about the current situation in Uganda.In line with the values set out by the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, a child’s best interest should be of primordial consideration in the context of judicial matters. The Charter further protects the rights of the child as it prohibits the “death sentence imposed on mothers [of infants and young children.]” The African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child have expanded the definition of ‘mother’ in this context to also include “a father” and/ or “any caregiver”. The subject drew in participants who filled the room quickly where the side-event was being held. The event was so popular that there were not enough chairs and audience members chose to stand in the room. However, this did not stop individuals from staying and engaging with the panelists. One question from two participants from Tanzania and the Congo respectively asked how can other countries and NGOs work to support children whose parents are sentenced to death? The panelists encouraged working together as a group by reaching out to organizations that work in similar subject matter: prisoner’s rights, children’s rights, etc. Coalitions have a greater and larger impact than isolated action as everyone has the same goal. John Nyoka stated that “copy[ing] from [other] institutions, which have performed better in the areas of advocating for abolition. Tanzania has learnt a lot from Uganda especially on what they are doing for the abolition of the death penalty.” The panel was an eye opener for many participants. According to some, unlike previous World Day themes, this year’s theme was targeting a specific vulnerable group who are otherwise innocent of their parent’s actions; it was untapped area and although the information is available, awareness is limited. Appreciated Advocacy Training on How to Work with the ACHPRIn a continued effort to provide resources to members, the World Coalition with FIACAT held its third edition of a training workshop for present members with the aim to teach more about how the ACHPR functions and how NGOs may interact with it. The bilingual workshop, held the day before the ACHPR’s Opening ceremony on Sunday 20 October, was led by Connie Numbi and Paul Angaman. The all-day workshop included practical exercises, group work, and role-playing. “The training was very important- I wish I had this information before!” stated John Nyoka. For the teachers of the workshop, this training was deemed as very valuable, particularly to be able to contribute during the session. As noted by both Connie Numbi, “[this type of training] is important because most NGOs [who] have an observer status [with the ACHPR] may not be utilizing it just because they do not know what to do [during the sessions].”Fourteen individuals were present for the workshop, which shows a continued trend of interested parties who find this training needed in the context of the ACHPR. The 2019 World Congress Acts LaunchedThe ACHPR’s Working Group on Death Penalty, Extra-Judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Africa hosted a panel on Thursday 24 October on the global situation in Africa regarding extra-judicial killings. While not necessarily focused on the abolition of the death penalty, the panel closed with remarks from Nicolas Perron from ECPM, who publicly launched the 2019 World Congress Acts, which cover the goals and outcomes of the Congress in Brussels. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1562] => Array ( [objectID] => 4291 [title] => Child rights highlighted on the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1574640000 [date] => 25/11/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/child-rights-highlighted-on-the-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1ec858b9ee5184d1985d285a5abe1fef_2-1-500x282.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2019, we celebrated the 17th World Day against the Death Penalty with various activities aimed to raise awareness on the death penalty and children as its unseen victims. Abolitionist forces in the two continents that gather most retentionist countries, Africa and Asia, were particularly active in raising awareness on the necessity to abolish the death penalty and its impacts on children this year.Through conferences, meetings, exhibitions, art installations, prison visits, radio broadcasts, flash mobs, dances and many other kinds of events, abolitionist forces in every continent took action to raise awareness about the use of death penalty in their national jurisdiction. The death penalty not only violates the fundamental right to life, but it also impacts the rights of children when the State sentences or executes a parent and has been found to have a long-term impact on the child's best interest. [texte] => ASIA: COUNTRY REPORTS, NATIONAL CONGRESS, AND ART EXHIBITIONFollowing the Malaysian government’s announcement to abolish death penalty on the 16th World Day, Amnesty International published a new report “Fatally flawed: Why Malaysia must abolish the death penalty”. By the end of 2019, a new legislation to remove mandatory death penalty for 11 offences is expected to be tabled in the retentionist country. Similarly in Indonesia, member organizations KontraS, ADPAN, and ECPM gathered in Jakarta to launch their fact-finding mission report “Dehumanized”, which highlights the prison conditions of people sentenced to death in the country. Philippines’ civil society led by FLAG Task Force, used the opportunity to bring awareness of death penalty to senators and members of House of Representatives in their National Congress Against the Death Penalty event in Manila. This one-day event, broadcasted live and received extensive media coverage, is a reaction against the recent government’s proposed bills to reintroduce death penalty despite having ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. In Pakistan, Justice Project Pakistan hosted an immersive art experience in Lahore, exploring experiences of death penalty through 11 performances which received high coverage on social media. On the same day, Legal Awareness Watch successfully conducted a workshop targeted to police and probation officers who treat juveniles sentenced to death and the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and FIDH published the report “Punished for Being Vulnerable, How Pakistan executes the poorest and the most marginalized in society”. AFRICA: ADVOCATING FOR MORE RATIFICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL TO ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTYThe latest ratification of the OP2-ICCPR by Angola this month has increased the hope among citizens of the neighbour countries to make this important legal step possible also in their motherland. Other abolitionist stakeholders were particularly busy this year to resonate the message in Africa, the second continent with the most retentionist countries. In Cote d’Ivoire, the Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme and the ACAT Côte d'Ivoire have set up a five days meeting with diplomatic, political and administrative authorities for the ratification of the OP2-ICCPR. In Liberia, Rescue Alternatives Liberia organised, with ACAT Liberia, a training workshop on the law to abolish the death penalty in national legislation in accordance with its ratification of OP2-ICCPR. Children themselves also joined to celebrate this day in Sierra Leone. REACTIONS IN THE MEDIASocial media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram united thousands of people from the diplomatic community to civil society with one hashtag: #nodeathpenalty. For example, Belgian embassies worldwide posed in pictures with teddy bears as a symbol of this World Day’s theme to show their support to children whose parents are sentenced to death. On WhatsApp, African abolitionist activists published thousands of messages, photos and videos informing others about their activities, showing support and a shared sense of belonging to a common movement. Journalists and bloggers joined the discussion by writing and reflecting on the meaning of 10 October. Hundreds of articles and videos in different languages were published, giving a highlight to events and public statement released on World Day. SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR), for instance, made a public statement calling the government of Bahrain to commute all death sentences. Human Rights and Democracy Media Center “SHAMS” published a press release expressing its concern on death penalty sentences and their overwhelming impact in the whole family, especially children. On Youtube, Wells of Hope Ministries uploaded a captivating poem sung by children with incarcerated parents. With their talent, they transmitted the pain that children live by having a parent in a death row and they called the community to think about the future of their children by making their justice more “just”. Once again, the World Day shows every year that people, talking different languages and coming from different backgrounds, cultures and religions, unite to fight together for the most important human value of the right to life.Photo Credit: Mano River Union Youth Parliament, Flash Mob in Sierra Leone [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1563] => Array ( [objectID] => 4292 [title] => The Rights of Children Whose Parents Are Sentenced to Death – The Case of Tunisia [timestamp] => 1572393600 [date] => 30/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-rights-of-children-whose-parents-are-sentenced-to-death-the-case-of-tunisia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c741e02d6445bf3d5fa1b08bea069906_2-1-500x220.png [extrait] => I joined Bronwyn Dudley of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Choukri Latif of the Coalition tunissiene contre la peine de mort (a Tunisian anti-death penalty NGO), to address the committee regarding Tunisia’s failure to implement the rights of children whose parents have been sentenced to death or were executed. [texte] => As a longtime practicing attorney in the United States, I spent much of my professional career working on cases related to criminal justice, including prison conditions and the death penalty. My death penalty work brought me in contact with The Advocates for Human Rights several years ago, when I had the opportunity to write a report to the UN Human Rights Council about the death penalty in the United States. So began a volunteer relationship in which I was able to participate in The Advocates’ UN work to abolish the death penalty and many other issues. It’s thanks to that relationship that I’m now studying International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at the Geneva Academy in Switzerland, and hope to continue addressing criminal justice issues using different approaches after graduation.While pursuing my studies, I am also still a volunteer for The Advocates in Geneva. Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in a pre-session meeting with the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child regarding Tunisia’s progress in implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The pre-session meetings provide a chance for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other interested stakeholders to provide information to the Committee in a confidential setting. I joined Bronwyn Dudley of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Choukri Latif of the Coalition tunissiene contre la peine de mort (a Tunisian anti-death penalty NGO), to address the committee regarding Tunisia’s failure to implement the rights of children whose parents have been sentenced to death or were executed. The Advocates, the Tunisian Coalition, and the World Coalition highlighted these issues in a recent report to the Committee.Children: Unseen victims of the death penaltyThis year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty, on October 10, 2019, will focus on how children around the world are affected by the death penalty, so meeting with the Committee on the Rights of the Child was a timely opportunity to apply this broader concern to a concrete situation. The World Coalition seeks to raise awareness of the severely damaging psychological trauma inflicted upon children whose parents are sentenced to death, at every stage of the process from arrest to incarceration to execution.Punishing Tunisian Children for Their Parents’ Wrongdoing Violates the ConventionAs in many retentionist countries, people sentenced to death in Tunisia typically spend many years in prison. Indeed, since Tunisia has thankfully been observing a moratorium on the death penalty since 1991, parents who are sentenced to death may spend decades in prison. As Choukri explained in his opening statement to the Committee, Tunisia is failing to protect the rights of those children to maintain meaningful relationships with their parents during their incarceration. Many of these parents are incarcerated far away from their families, and the prohibitive costs of transportation prevent children from exercising their visitation rights. Even for those who can do so, visits are limited to 30 minutes and, for younger children, direct physical contact with the parent is not permitted. Children of death-sentenced and executed parents are not provided with badly needed medical and mental health care to cope with the trauma they endure. Additionally, a new anti-terrorism law has expanded the potential application of the death penalty in Tunisia, including to children themselves, and is very unclear as to what conduct is covered.Tunisia Must Reform Its Laws and Practices to Respect Children’s RightsSeveral Committee members posed questions. The Committee's questions provided me with an opportunity to offer some specifics about the failings of Tunisia's laws, and how Tunisian authorities must address those failings to bring Tunisia into compliance with its human rights obligations. We also provided more information about the government's purported justification for the anti-terrorism law and possible alternative measuresAround the world, the death penalty in anti-terrorism laws is typically justified as a supposed deterrent to would be terrorists. But academic research reveals that there is no support for the notion that the death penalty is a deterrent to terrorism. In 2016, the UN Special Rapporteurs on summary executions, torture, and human rights while countering terrorism, respectively, specifically warned against using the death penalty in an effort to deter terrorism, stating:“there is a lack of persuasive evidence that the death penalty could contribute more than any other punishment to eradicating terrorism. The death penalty is also an ineffective deterrent because terrorists who are executed may just gain in prestige, as may their cause.”In other words, the death penalty, if it has any impact at all, may provide incentives to terrorists.Tunisia Creates Unnecessary Barriers to Children’s RightsWith regard to the need to continue reviewing and revising laws, I offered the laws affecting children of death-sentenced parents as an example showing that Tunisia’s laws are not yet compatible with the Convention and continue to be in need of reform. The Tunisian Constitution of 2014 expressly recognizes the rights of children and the government’s obligation to act in their best interests, and the law on Special Regulations for Prisons expressly provides that children are entitled to visit their detained parents. But these laws are vague and do not give Tunisian authorities direction about how to account for the recognized rights and obligations. In law and in practice, Tunisia continues to violate children’s rights through arbitrary interference (30 minute visit limitations and lack of physical contact), and failure of the government to make any provision to address the financial barriers associated with transportation to far-flung prison facilities. The latter failure constitutes a de facto denial of the right to visit, but Tunisia does nothing to take this right into account when deciding where a parent will be incarcerated. In fact, Tunisian authorities often deliberately place parents far from their families, considering such isolation to be part of the parent’s punishment. Such punishment obviously violates the rights of the child, just as expressly denying visits would.I was also able, thanks to the detailed research Bronwyn conducted before the meeting, to point the Committee to two of its own previous recommendations that supported our position that Tunisia has a positive obligation to take the child’s interests into account during criminal proceedings related to the parent.To learn more about The Advocates’ work on the Death Penalty, click here. By: Lisa Borden, a volunteer with The Advocates for Human Rights, currently based in Geneva, Switzerland.Link to the original article in English: https://theadvocatespost.org/2019/10/09/the-rights-of-children-whose-parents-are-sentenced-to-death-the-case-of-tunisia/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1564] => Array ( [objectID] => 25329 [title] => Malaysian – Poster Word Day 2019 [timestamp] => 1570665600 [date] => 10/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malaysian-poster-word-day-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2019-MAL.pdf ) [1565] => Array ( [objectID] => 4293 [title] => Joint Statement on Malaysia [timestamp] => 1570665600 [date] => 10/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-on-malaysia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a7ecf6e23bf007c9a093ed72c1300937_2-1-500x166.png [extrait] => As we mark the 17th World Day against the Death Penalty, a year after the government of Malaysia announced the revision of the country’s laws to fully abolish the death penalty on 10 October, we, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty: • Positively note the support by Malaysia for the seventh […] [texte] => As we mark the 17th World Day against the Death Penalty, a year after the government of Malaysia announced the revision of the country’s laws to fully abolish the death penalty on 10 October, we, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty:• Positively note the support by Malaysia for the seventh United Nation General Assembly resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty adopted on 17 December 2018;• Express full support for the leadership and commitment shown by the government to abolish the mandatory death penalty for all offences in national legislation at the next session of the Malaysian Parliament.• Note the encouragement expressed on 5 October 2019 by Michelle Bachelet, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to the government to “sustain the current moratorium on the death penalty and welcome the announcement […] that a special taskforce will be set up to examine alternative forms of punishment to the mandatory death penalty”; and that her office “stands ready to share evidence-based experience from other countries – both those who retain the death penalty and those who have abolished it.”• Welcome the publication by Amnesty International of research highlighting multiple layers of arbitrariness in the use of capital punishment. The burden of the death penalty in Malaysia has largely fallen on those convicted of drug trafficking, who disproportionately include women and foreign nationals. A significant proportion of those on death row are people from less advantaged socio-economic backgrounds and from some of Malaysia's ethnic minorities. • Join the call to commute existing death sentences during the review of the mandatory death penalty, as a critical first step towards full abolition of this ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.• Look forward to Malaysia becoming an abolitionist country, joining the majority of UN Member States.Signatories: Amnesty InternationalCapital Punishment Justice ProjectCoalition marocaine contre la peine de mortCommunità di Sant’EgidioECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort)FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights)International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)Observatoire Marocain des PrisonsThe Advocates for Human Rights The Rights PracticeWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1566] => Array ( [objectID] => 4294 [title] => The Undercurrent: How we took part in the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1570406400 [date] => 07/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-undercurrent-how-we-took-part-in-the-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b9f6334e4a652a4012f7a22714c2d4b6_2-1-500x389.jpg [extrait] => As night fell, Xu Ziqiang and Zheng Xingze boarded a plane for Dubai together with a group of TAEDP members. Belgium was their final destination following this layover. This would be Ziqian’s and Xingze’s first time on European soil; they were preparing to take part in the World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held once every three years. [texte] => (…)In addition to taking part in the World Congress Against the Death Penalty, the TAEDP also participated in the WCADP members’ conference. The main goal, in addition to hoping to work together on specific cases, was to gain an understanding of global trends, and, even more importantly, to express support for three men unfairly convicted of capital crimes in Taiwan: Qiu Heshun, Xie Zhihong, and Wang Xinfu.There was a row of stands outside the conference room, and the TAEDP set up posters telling the stories of Qiu Heshun, Xie Zhihong, and Wang Xinfu. Xu Ziqiang and Zheng Xingxe, who only speak Chinese, were able to share their personal experience with international visitors through interpreters. They also called on everyone to sign a petition and express support efforts to help the victims.At the various conference sessions and workshops, the Anti-Death Penalty Alliance shared its experience in hosting a “Public Discussion on Alternatives to the Death Penalty” during the past year in Taiwan. The Alliance had been working on this project for several years, and it is a new initiative that had never been held in Taiwan before. By organizing public discussions and local workshops, the TAEDP was able to collect and consider people’s opinions on alternatives to the death penalty. There were participants who supported, opposed, and felt ambivalent about capital punishment, but the general consensus was that everyone was willing to get together and discuss public issues. As expected, the topics discussed during this fruitful exchange included prison reform, crime prevention, victim protection, and education, among others.Lin Xinyi, the director of TAEDP who has participated in the WCADP on multiple occasions, said that, on the one hand, sharing news of this event at the congress allowed others to see what we are doing, and, on the other, created an opportunity to hear others’ thoughts. International participants of the congress were generally very interested in our public discussion strategy.“The first time I attended the congress my English was very poor. But when you want to share something with others, you realize that linguistic barriers are not an obstacle, and you try using all kinds of words to explain things to people. Even if the grammar is off, people will still understand you,” said Lin Xinyi. What is the value of a human life?Going abroad to take part in the World Congress Against the Death Penalty can appear to be in a different universe, disconnected from the lives of ordinary people. Opponents of the anti-death penalty movement often criticize such organizations for “relying on foreign forces, which meddle in Taiwan’s domestic affairs.” Nevertheless, after participating in the movement for so many years, we have seen how it bring so many people together.When they were sentenced to death and placed behind bars, Xu Ziqiang, Zheng Xingze, Su Jianhe, Zhuang Linxun, and Liu Binglang were ordinary people like you and me. But if a country with the power to make life and death decisions relies on a flawed system, their lives become as thin as a sheet of paper, easily crumpled or torn. Today they have left the prison walls behind and resumed their previously interrupted lives, exploring life’s opportunities with courage.After returning to Taiwan, Xu Ziqiang and Zheng Xingze were asked at a gathering organized by friends to share some of their thoughts on the trip. I was listening excitedly, thinking of their past experiences, and looking forward to hearing what they had to say.I was expecting to hear tragic, tear-jerking, melancholy stories, but the two guys, just like any regular friend, gave a detailed account of their first time on a plane, of the size of the airplane seats, of the cold weather in Europe, of security being worse than in Taiwan, of many cold dishes and the inconvenient lack of hot water during meals. It is only later that I understood – this is life, it’s just life.Life means feeling emotion, human, regular emotion, and as long as you live freely, there is nothing that separates us from one another. Those sentenced to death, on the other hand, are not treated like human beings, and their lives are stolen from them.This time, while seeking help using the posters about Qiu Heshun, Xie Zhihong, and Wang Xinfu, Ziqiang’s and Xingze’s personal experience also inspired others. In addition to people wrongly accused and released from prison like Ziqiang and Xingze, victims’ families also took part in the WCADP, courageously sharing their stories, which moved and inspire us. In the past, we have accepted plenty of friendly international help. We are also willing to work hard to contribute to helping other organizations if we can.Xu Ziqiang stated, “Actually, I wasn’t sure about what was happening during the congress because I didn’t understand English…. But I could still feel that in the EU, people are willing to spend money on helping other countries do things, and that makes me feel very grateful. Because their work is not for their own benefit, since they have already abolished the death penalty. Rather, they are working for others, spending time and money to help others, you just feel very grateful. Their work benefits the whole world, and I am thankful.”At the gathering of friends, Ziqiang said that he was “grateful” several times. These words were spoken with all sincerity by someone who has come back from the darkest of places, a former prisoner on death row. Ziqiang was extremely levelheaded as he described the reasons for our support, for not giving up, for striving towards our goals and aspirations.EpilogueNot long after returning home from the congress, we received some good news from Xie Zhihong!On March 13, the Tainan Branch of the Taiwan High Court ruled that Xie Zhihong’s death sentence was to be reviewed and suspended the execution of the penalty. On March 14, after losing over 6,800 days, or 18 years, of his life in prison, Xie Zhihong was finally released! On that afternoon, we saw Zhihong, unshackled, reaching for his elderly mother’s hand. He had finally come home.This is when Xie Zhihong broke free from the poster and the times when we were separated by a barred window in a prison visiting room; instead, he was with us in the flesh and bone. Xie Zhihong is here in person. Zhihong has come to the TAEDP office to take a picture with a photo cutout of the others wrongly convicted of capital crimes. People like Xu Ziqiang, Zheng Xingze, and Xie Zhihong will continue on with their lives. Hard work and the support of many has given them real hope. We will not give up, and one day, the sufferings of those on death row will come to an end, and people will no longer be wrongly executed. The lives of Qiu Heshun, Wang Xinfu, and others whose names are not yet known to us will be able to blossom beyond the barred prison window.Photo : Christophe Meireis [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1567] => Array ( [objectID] => 4295 [title] => Armenia and Angola Commit to Irreversible Abolition [timestamp] => 1570147200 [date] => 04/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/armenia-and-angola-commit-to-irreversible-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2fa07aacd0f04891b0080d676217e7c6_2-1-500x151.jpg [extrait] => Following the United Nations Treaty Event in New York, two more states have committed to irreversible abolition of the death penalty by signing and ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (OP2-ICCPR). The Protocol was highlighted by the United Nations […] [texte] => Following the United Nations Treaty Event in New York, two more states have committed to irreversible abolition of the death penalty by signing and ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (OP2-ICCPR). The Protocol was highlighted by the United Nations Secretary General this year, as 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of its adoption by the United Nations General Assembly.An international lock on abolition of the death penaltyArmenia is an abolitionist country for all crimes and has never carried out any executions. Armenia signed the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR on 26 September.Angola abolished the death penalty in 1992 and in January 2010, the new Constitution explicitly prohibited the death penalty in article 59. Angola ratified OP2-ICCPR on 2 October 2019. It had signed it six years ago, on 24 September 2013. The Protocol will enter into force on 2 January 2020.For both countries, the signature and ratification of the UN Protocol for abolition was thus a very important symbolic act, reflecting the universal trend towards abolition of capital punishment, and a strong commitment to never reinstate the death penalty.Angola became the 88th state party to the Protocol and Armenia the only signatory. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty congratulates Angola and Armenia for these important steps taken towards universal abolition. It encourages Angola to support the adoption of the draft protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa by the African Union, and encourages Armenia to ratify OP2-ICCPR and the Protocol 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola [1] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1568] => Array ( [objectID] => 4296 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2019! [timestamp] => 1569888000 [date] => 01/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2019/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ede0f8c15e964613e2e223b1c2847467_2-1-500x265.jpg [extrait] => Check what you can do for the 10th October. Browse the calendar of events and the interactive map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => Take action now! The 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of Events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)> Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty> Click on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country: > Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1569] => Array ( [objectID] => 4297 [title] => Singapore Executes People Sentenced to Death for Non-violent Crimes and Threatens their Lawyers [timestamp] => 1568851200 [date] => 19/09/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-executes-people-sentenced-to-death-for-non-violent-crimes-and-threatens-their-lawyers/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3f7ee1e2fd42634b2c1b46d4a8520148_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => On 13 July 2019, Think Centre reported that 32 executions have occurred in Singapore since it ended its moratorium on the death penalty in 2014. At the same time, lawyers defending capital cases have reported receiving threats from the government. As of the date of writing, Singapore is among 24 world states that have not ratified the ICCPR and its protocols. [texte] => Drug trafficking offences topped the listThe overwhelming majority (84%) of the executions in Singapore is drug-related offences, presenting a significant increase of execution numbers for drug offenders since 2017. Singapore is among 35 countries that retain the death penalty for drug offences, Harm Reduction International highlighted. The recently amended Misuse of Drugs Act stipulated that the accused could avoid mandatory death penalty on two conditions; if their role is merely a courier and if they provide substantive assistance to receive Certificate of Cooperation issued solely by the Attorney-General’s Chambers. As highlighted by Think Centre, two problematic factors might significantly reduce the likelihood of getting the certificate. First, when the status of merely a courier prevents the accused to provide enough information to receive the certificate, as illustrated in the case of Bill Agbozo, a Ghanaian man executed to death in 2018. Second, when the accused have borderline intelligence levels and played only the role of a mere courier, such as the case of Nagaenthran.“The death penalty is a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment that has no place in any society that wants to pride itself as being modern, developed and civilized,” Think Centre reiterates. Furthermore, it has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than long term imprisonment.Shrinking civic space Of similar concern, the right to legal advice for capital cases is also under threat. In July and August this year, Lawyers for Liberty has received threats from Singapore Attorney-General, accusing two of its lawyers for “scandalous allegations against Singapore and its legal system” and “prejudicing of the administration of justice”. The lawyers, N Surendran and M Ravi, acted as a counsel for Malaysian prisoners sentenced to death for drug-related offences in the neighbor country Singapore. Both lawyers face the risk of being barred from legal practice. Similar cases have happened to a human rights advocate Jolovan Wham guilty of charges of scandalizing the court this year and a British author Alan Shadrake for launching a book about death penalty in 2010. The increasing effort to silence local and foreign human rights defenders is alarming for civic space in Singapore. A recent study shows that only 38% Singaporean respondents have some knowledge about death penalty and only 3 in 10 people who favor mandatory death penalty still maintain their support after given realistic drug trafficking scenarios. Thus, maintaining a broad civic space where people could share and obtain knowledge, advocate for abolition, and demand for more transparency is a necessary step for Singapore to join the global trend towards abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1570] => Array ( [objectID] => 4298 [title] => The World Coalition elects its new governing bodies until June 2021 [timestamp] => 1568246400 [date] => 12/09/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-elects-its-new-governing-bodies-until-june-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a4f704b6f58687cae14910f790f310d5_2-1-500x261.jpg [extrait] => The 2019 General Assembly saw the Elections of a new Steering Committee for two years, which in turn elected a new Executive Board until June 2021. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its General Assembly during the World Congress Against the Death Penalty on 26 February 2019 in Brussels, Belgium. More than 50 member organizations of the World Coalition met for the General Assembly and elected the following organizations as members of the Steering Committee for a period of two years (June 2019 - June 2021):1. Advocates for Human Rights2. Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network3. Paris Bar4. Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty5. Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty6. Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico7. Communità di Sant'Egidio8. Culture for Peace and Justice9. Death Penalty Project10. ECPM11. FIACAT12. FIDH13. FHRI14. Iran Human Rights15. Journey of Hope... From Violence to Healing16. PGA17. Reprieve Australia/Capital Punishment Justice Project18. SYNAFEN Niger19. Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty20. Witness to InnocenceThe statutory meeting also saw the adoption of the 2018 activity report, the provisional budget and the 2019 orientation report as well as an amendment to the bylaws.The newly elected Steering Committee met on 28-29 June 2019 to adopt the 2018 financial report, modify the registered office (Mundo-M 47 avenue Pasteur 93100 Montreuil France) and elect a new Executive Board, which is now composed of :- Kevin Rivera Medina (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico), President- Guillaume Colin (FIACAT), Treasurer- Annemarie Pieters (Communità di Sant'Egidio), Vice-President- Amy Bergquist (Adocates for Human Rights), Vice President- Anne Souléliac (Paris Bar), Vice PresidentThe Steering Committee meeting continued with a training session on corporate responsibility and the abolition of the death penalty led by Celia Ouelette, Director of Responsible Business Initiative and Office Warming of the new offices of the World Coalition’s secretariat at Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur 93100 Montreuil.The World Coalition welcomes the successful work of its General Assembly, World Congress and Steering Committee. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1571] => Array ( [objectID] => 4299 [title] => Small Grant for Activities in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1567036800 [date] => 29/08/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/small-grant-for-activities-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for action on the abolition of the death penalty in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States launched by the Greater Caribbean for Life and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [texte] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition are part of a joint project, led by the Death Penalty Project and funded by the European Union, which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition.In the framework of this project, GCL and the World Coalition want to support a civil society movement for the abolition of the death penalty in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines.To do so, they are launching a call for actions on the issue of the death penalty and will help finance activities lasting between 3 – 12 months with small grants from EUR 1,000 to EUR 3,000 (EC Dollar: 3,175 – 9,525 or BBD: 2,350 – 7,050).How to apply? Please submit by email to ecs@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed by:- this Application form in word - your By-laws (if you have a legal entity)- your last two activity reports Deadline for submission is 25 September 2019, midnight Barbados time (UTC-4 / Atlantic Standard Time). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1572] => Array ( [objectID] => 4300 [title] => A Training on Advocacy for the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Sub-Saharan Africa [timestamp] => 1564358400 [date] => 29/07/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-training-on-advocacy-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/90edadee1947c4d3d6d66a0c07581847_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in partnership with FIACAT, and their local members ACAT Cameroon and Droits et Paix (Rights and Peace), organized a continental training course in July on advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa in Douala, Cameroon. This training brought together abolitionists and experts from 23 African countries. [texte] => A great moment of meeting between African abolitionist actorsCameroon, and more specifically the city of Douala, welcomed for the first time from 16 to 18 July 2019 several participants from different African countries to participate in the continental training. It was an opportunity for various actors from countries that have abolished the death penalty in their legislation, those respecting a de facto moratorium on executions and even those from retentionist countries to exchange and share their experiences on the fight for the abolition of the death penalty.Kicking off the trainingThe proceedings began with a welcoming address by Mr Nestor Toko, Esq., President of Droits et Paix, followed by Mr Maxime Bissay, President of ACAT Cameroon and finally Mr Michel Kalemba, Esq., member of FIACAT's International Board.Capacity building for African civil society actorsThis training was an opportunity to consolidate the knowledge of various African civil society actors working for the abolitionist cause. To this end, several techniques and strategies were at the heart of discussions between the various participants. In particular, the emphasis was placed on improving an overall advocacy strategy, and what those main principles consist of when considering what strategy should be adopted. The training elaborated on numerous other elements including regional advocacy or more specifically on how to work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the context of the abolition of the death penalty. Here participants used various tools developed that provide steps and advice on how to collaborate with the ACHPR.The fruitful exchanges between participants led to the discussion of other techniques that should be considered when advocating for abolition, including the importance of the media, an essential advocacy tool. Also discussed was the role of lobbying, where once again, the participants were able to interact with appropriate methods to use when meeting with authorities and decision makers.Finally, the participants benefited from the tools enabling them to better protect their members working in the field but also on how to promote the inclusion of women but also people with disabilities within their structures.Closing the course After two and a half days of intense work, exchanges and sharing of experiences, the time had come to close this training session. Each participant was given a certificate of participation captured by a photo to commemorate training and the gathering of civil society. Many participants gave feedback regarding their time in Douala at the training, expressing that they had "acquired and strengthened their knowledge of advocacy". It was also an opportunity for participants to formulate several recommendations and ways forward, including: • On how to focus on the transfer of skills and information sharing among members and partners; • On the need to work in collaboration with local, supportive diplomatic representations to complement the work that is done in the field;• Finally, on the recommendation that women be much more involved in advocacy missions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1573] => Array ( [objectID] => 4301 [title] => Responsible Business Initiative on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1563494400 [date] => 19/07/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/responsible-business-initiative-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4e24a86f4d5322d86d28f39c8a26cd28_2-1-500x331.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of the meeting of its Steering Committee on Friday 28 June and Saturday 29 June 2019, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has invited the director of Responsible Business Initiative Against the Death Penalty, Ms. Celia Ouellette, to present the involvement of companies against the capital punishment alongside with traditional activists. [texte] => Companies Are Strong Advocates for Human RightsEconomy plays a key role in society. In the lead-up to national elections, issues on employment or economic growth occupy a prominent place in most public debates and political speeches. Companies are, without a doubt, fully part of underlying social issues, when setting the location of their head office or deciding on new investments and partnerships. Their influence may be considerable, and it gives them a unique opportunity to engage political leaders, including those from the few remaining retentionist governements. However, this also requires for them to redefine what their responsibility should be with regard to ethical choices.Companies have shared major concerns for fundamental liberties and human rights. For instance, Levi Strauss’ CEO condemned gun violence when asking customers not to carry guns in the company’s retail stores, and Disney put pressure on the State of Georgia (USA) after it engaged to amend the right to abortion. Today, commitment against the death penalty is becoming one of the main issue raised by socially responsible corporations (CSR).According to Celia Ouellette, Founder and Director of Responsible Business Initiative for Justice, they are not isolated or temporary actions, but shape a true “organic movement”. New links are to be established between States and the private sector, such as companies that are willing to champion human rights.An Actors Network for the Abolition of Capital PunishmentWhether it be through Chambers of commerce or trade relations abroad, private and public companies constitute a foremost network of local and international actors that may have something to say on the promotion of human rights.Some have long involved in the human rights area, such as Lush Cosmetics and Virgin, whose representatives were invited to the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty in February 2019 in Brussels, Belgium. By voicing their hope for criminal systems worldwide to better respect the right to life, they gave the abolitionist plateform a high-visibility position.A Workshop to Strengthen Mobilization StrategiesAfter Celia Ouellette's presentation to the World Coalition's Steering Committee, members involved into a brainstorming session during which they collectively thought about new strategies to be adopted, and new actors to be reached out. Their suggestions included syndicates for employees or employers, specialized media, foundations, entrepreneurs and/or philanthropy networks, consumers’ associations, companies working in the tourism sector (in line with the campaign led in Brunei to oppose Sultan’s decision to carry out executions for same-sex intercourses), or even in trade schools (where students are entrepreneurs of tomorrow).Such a dialogue, Celia Ouellette further explained, must involve three parties: activists, CSR-labelled companies, and States. It is nothing but part of a broad movement for a fairer global society, in compliance with Sustainable Development Goal No. 16 on the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies and access to justice for all. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1574] => Array ( [objectID] => 4302 [title] => Joint Open Letter to the President of Sri Lanka on the Imminent Resumption of Executions [timestamp] => 1562025600 [date] => 02/07/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-open-letter-to-the-president-of-sri-lanka-on-the-imminent-resumption-of-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/94bb6e1dcb580e1d75cb0d2ffd605b91_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => The letter, co-signed by 58 organizations, encourages the President of Sri Lanka to do everything in his power to stop executions in Sri Lanka and consign the death penalty to the history books. [texte] => Dear President, On behalf of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and 58 other co-signing organizations, I am writing out of our grave concern at the announcement that four executions are scheduled to be carried out imminently in Sri Lanka. We respectfully ask you to halt plans to resume the implementation of the death penalty in the country for the first time in more than 40 years, and establish an official moratorium on all executions as a first step towards abolition. We represent more than 150 member organizations from all regions of the world, united in the effort to end the death penalty globally. We have long held Sri Lanka as a positive example in the Asia-Pacific region of a country which, despite adverse circumstances and prolonged internal conflict, has not wavered from its positive record of not implementing the death penalty. We have cherished the cooperation that several Sri Lankan officials have extended to us, including attending and contributing to debates that we held as part of two World Congresses Against the Death Penalty. Since the reports that you have signed four execution warrants have come to light, however, the eyes of the world have turned to Sri Lanka with great apprehension. We are alarmed as the resumption of executions in Sri Lanka would set the country against the global trend away from the death penalty, as well as its track record over the past 40 years. It would also see Sri Lanka act in contravention of its obligations under international law. Executions for drug-related offences are prohibited under international human rights law, as they do not meet the threshold of the “most serious crimes” to which the use of this punishment must be restricted in countries that have not yet abolished it. State practice and decreasing figures in drug executions in recent years also suggest that the world is steady in its rejection of the implementation of death sentences for drug-related offences. There is no evidence that the death penalty has a unique deterrent effect. As recently as March 2019, the UN has reiterated in unequivocal terms that the application of the death penalty for drug-related offences does not respect the spirit of the international drug-control conventions and has the potential to become an obstacle to effective cross-border and international cooperation against drug trafficking. We look to you as the country’s highest authority to preserve Sri Lanka’s untainted record of more than four decades without any executions, as well as the country’s prominent role among the 142 countries that are abolitionist in law or practice at international forums and within our movement. We encourage you to do everything in your power to stop executions in Sri Lanka and consign the death penalty to the history books.We thank you in advance for your consideration and remain at your disposal should you want to discuss the matter further.Yours sincerely, Kevin Miguel Rivera MedinaPresident – World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyLetter co-signed by: Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran ACAT Belgique (Belgium)ACAT BeninACAT CongoACAT FranceACAT GermanyACAT ItaliaACAT Liberia ACAT LuxembourgACAT RCA (Central African Republic)ACAT SwitzerlandAdvocacy Forum – NepalAdvocats Sans Frontières (France)Amman Center for Human Rights Studies – ACHRS (Jordan)Amnesty InternationalAnti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Association des Femmes Tunisiennes pour la Recherche sur le Développement – AFTURD (Tunisia)Barreau de Paris – Paris Bar (France)Comitato Paul Rougeau (Italy)Covenants Watch (Taiwan)Cornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideCross Cultural Foundation (Thailand)CURE (USA)Death Penalty Focus (USA)DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty - France)Fédération des Femmes pour le Développement Intégral au Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)FIACAT – International Federation of ACATs (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)FIDU - Federazione Italiana Diritti Umani (Italy)Foundation for Human Rights Initiative – FHRI (Uganda)German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty – GCADPHands off Cain (Italy)Harm Reduction InternationalHuman Rights Alert Manipur (India)Human Rights Commission of PakistanHuman Rights Office Kandy (Sri Lanka)Human Rights Organization of Nepal (HURON)ICJ Kenya – the Kenya Section of International Commission of JuristsIndonesian Legal Aid FoundationInternational Commission of Jurists (ICJ)International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)Japan Innocence & Death Penalty Information CenterJudicial Reform Foundation – JRF (Taiwan)Justice Project PakistanKontraS (Indonesia)Legal and Human Rights Centre (Tanzania)Lifespark - SwitzerlandLigue ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme (Côte d'Ivoire)Maldivian Democracy Network Mouvance des Abolitionnistes du Congo Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)Odhikar (Bangladesh)Pax Christi Uvira asbl (Democratic Republic of Congo)SYNAFEN – Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l'éducation du Niger (Niger)Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty – TAEDPTaiwan Association for Human Rights –TAHRUIA – International Association of LawyersUnion Chrétienne pour le Progrès et Défense des droits de l'homme asbl (Democratic Republic of Congo)World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)ANNEX – SINHALESE TRANSLATION OF THE LETTERගරු ජනාධිපතිතුමනි, මරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ලෝක සභාගය සහ අනෙකුත් සම අත්සන් යොදන සංවිධාන 52 වෙනුවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කඩිනමින් ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමට සැලසුම් කර ඇති බවට නිවේදනය කර ඇති මරණීය දණ්ඩන හතරක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වන අපගේ සාතිශය කණගාටුවෙන් මෙම ලිපිය ඔබ වෙත ලියමි. වසර 40කට වඩා වැඩි කාලයකට පසුව ප්‍රථම වතාවට රට තුළ මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම නැවත ඇරඹීම සඳහා වන සැලසුම අත්හිටුවන ලෙසත්, අහෝසි කිරීම සඳහා වන පළමු පියවරක් ලෙස නිල පමා සහන කාලයක් ස්ථාපිත කරන ලෙසත් අපි ඉතා ගෞරවයෙන් යුතුව ඉල්ලා සිටිමු.අපි සංවිධාන 150කට අධික සංවිධාන සහ සාමාජිකයන් නියෝජනය කරන අතර, එම සංවිධාන ගෝලීය වශයෙන් මරණීය දණ්ඩනය අවසන් කිරීම සඳහා වන ප්‍රයත්නයේදී සාමූහිකව ලෝකයේ සියලුම කලාප නියෝජනය කරන ඒවා වේ. දීර්ඝ කාලයක් පැවති අභ්‍යන්තර අර්බුද හේතුවෙන් හටගත් අහිතකර ප්‍රතිඵල මධ්‍යයේ වුවද, මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක නොකිරීමේ සාධනීය වාර්තාවෙන් බැහැර නොවූ ආසියා-ශාන්තිකර කලාපයේ රටකට ධනාත්මක නිදසුනක් ලෙස අපි ශ්‍රී ලංකාව හඳුනා ගෙන සිටිමු. මරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ලෝක සම්මේලන දෙකෙහි කොටසක් ලෙස අප විසින් පවත්වන්නට යෙදුණු විවාදවලට සහභාගී වීම සහ දායක වීම ඇතුළුව, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිලධාරීන් ගණනාවක් අප වෙත දක්වන ලද සහයෝගය සම්බන්ධයෙන් අපි බෙහෙවින් සතුටට පත්ව සිටිමු. කෙසේවෙතත්, මරණීය දණ්ඩන හතරකට අත්සන් තබා ඇති බවට ලැබී ඇති වාර්තා හේතුවෙන්, ලෝකයේ ඇස් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව දෙසට යොමුව ඇත්තේ මහත් භීතියකිනි.ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ මරණීය දණ්ඩනය නැවත ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමත් සමඟම මරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ගෝලීය ප්‍රවණතාවයට විරුද්ධ රටක් බවට ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පත් වන අතරම පසුගිය වසර 40කට අධික කාලයක් මරණීය දණ්ඩනයෙන් තොර රටක් බවට වන සිය ගමන් මගෙන් බැහැර වීමක්ද සිදු වේ. එසේම ජාත්‍යන්තර නීතිය යටතේ වන සිය බැඳීම්වලට එරෙහිව කටයුතු කරන රටක් බවටද ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පත් වනු ඇත. මරණීය දණ්ඩනය තවමත් අහෝසි කර නොමැති රටවල්වල මෙම දණ්ඩනය භාවිතා කිරීම සීමා කිරීමක් දක්වා වන "ඉතාමත් දරුණු අපරාධ"වල කඩඉම නොසපුරාන බැවින්, මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය ආශ්‍රිත වැරදිවලට මරණීය දණ්ඩනය පැනවීම ජාත්‍යන්තර මානව හිමිකම් නීතිය යටතේ තහනම් කර තිබේ. මෑත වසරවල රජයේ භාවිතාව සහ අඩු වන සංඛ්‍යාලේඛනවලින්ද පිළිබිඹු වනුයේ මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය ආශ්‍රිත වැරදිවලට මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් ලෝකය පැහැදිලි ස්ථාවරයක සිටින බවය. මරණීය දණ්ඩනයෙහි අද්විතීය තීරණාත්මක බලපෑමක් ඇති බවට කිසිදු සාක්ෂියක් නොමැත. 2019 මාර්තු තරම් මෑත කාලයක, එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය ඉතා පැහැදිලිව නැවත නැවතත් ප්‍රකාශ කර ඇත්තේ මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය හා අදාළ වැරදිවලට මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමෙන් ජාත්‍යන්තර මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය පාලන සම්මුතිවල උනන්දුවට ගරු නොකරන බවත් මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය ප්‍රවාහනය කිරීමට එරෙහි ඵලදායී දේශාන්තර සහ ජාත්‍යන්තර සහයෝගීතාවය සම්බන්ධයෙන් බාධාවක් ඇති වීමේ හැකියාවක් ඇති විය හැකි බවත්ය. කිසිදු මරණීය දණ්ඩනයක් නොමැති දශක හතරකට අධික නිකැළැල් ශ්‍රී ලංකා වාර්තාව ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමේ ඉහළම බලාධිකාරිය ලෙසත්, ජාත්‍යන්තර සංසදවලදී සහ අපගේ ව්‍යාපාරය තුළ නීතිය හෝ භාවිතයන් තුළ අහෝසි කරන රටවල් 142 අතර රටේ ප්‍රමුඛ භූමිකාව ලෙසත් ජාත්‍යන්තර සංසදවල සහ අපගේ සංවිධානය තුළ නිත්‍යානුකූල සහ පරිචය තුළ අපි ඔබ කෙරෙහි බලාපොරොත්තු තබා සිටිමු. ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ මරණීය දණ්ඩනය නතර කිරීම සඳහා ඔබගේ බලය තුළ සෑම දෙයක්ම කිරීමට අපි ඔබ දිරිමත් කරන අතර මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාස පොත්වලට භාර දීමටත් කටයුතු කරන මෙන් අපි ඔබගෙන් උදක්ම ඉල්ලා සිටිමු. මෙම කරුණ සැලකිල්ලට ගැනීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් අපි ඔබතුමාට බෙහෙවින් ස්තූතිවන්ත වන අතර ඔබට කිසියම් කරුණක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වැඩිදුර සාකච්ඡා කිරීමට ඇත්නම් අපි ඕනෑම අවස්ථාවක ඊට සූදානම්ව සිටින බව කාරුණිකව දැනුම් දෙමු.මීට විශ්වාසී,Kevin Miguel Rivera Medinaමරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ලෝක සභාගයේ අධ්‍යක්ෂ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1575] => Array ( [objectID] => 4303 [title] => Drug policy reform, harm reduction movement and the death penalty abolition movement have much in common [timestamp] => 1561507200 [date] => 26/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/drug-policy-reform-harm-reduction-movement-and-the-death-penalty-abolition-movement-have-much-in-common/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fa6567ed9b59fadf76e65c9bac9a6b07_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => As 26 June is “Support. Don’t Punish” Global Day of Action, the World Coalition shares some insight on the 2019 Harm Reduction International Conference which took place in Porto end of April. [texte] => 26 June is an interesting date for the death penalty abolition movement: it is International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, and some countries use it to execute people for drug related offenses, such as China and maybe this year, Sri Lanka. To counter that narrative, the International Drug Policy Consortium as made 26 June a Global Day of Action: “Support. Don’t Punish”, to “reclaim and shift that day’s narrative”. But 26 June is also International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, an equally important day for human rights activists and the death penalty abolition movement.At a CrossroadsAs Naomi Burke-Shyne, Executive Director of Harm Reduction International opened the HR19 conference, she mentioned the death penalty for drug-related offenses and HRI’s latest publication on this subject: “at least 35 countries retain the death penalty for drug offences in law, although UN experts have repeated time and again that it is a clear violation of international human rights law”. Michelle Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights concurred in her keynote speech: “I remain concerned about the continuing use of capital punishment for drug offenses in a number of States, and moves towards its re-introduction in others. (…) We strongly recommend States amend their penal codes and no longer impose the death sentence for any crimes, including for drug-related offences.”During the 2nd Plenary session on Drugs and Beyond: Upholding Human Rights, Sarah Belal, Justice Project Pakistan, presented the plight of Pakistani migrant workers sentenced to death in Saudi Arabia and the inspirational methodology of Justice Project Pakistan to free them: litigation, communication and advocacy. In February 2019, 2000 Pakistani prisoners were released from Saudi jails.In the roundtables focusing on Rogue States: The Death Penalty For Drugs, Giada Girelli, Harm Reduction International explained why it was important that the harm reduction movement cares about the death penalty. In 2018, executions for drug offences were carried out in China, Iran, Sau-di Arabia, Singapore and Vietnam. At least 7,000 people are on death row for drug offenses around the world. While there is a stark decrease in drug-related executions over the last 10 years, other events in 2018 show that for every progressive step, there is a regressive counter-narrative. In Bang-ladesh and Sri Lanka, populist rhetoric against the ‘threat’ of the ‘drugs menace’ has seen leaders push for expansion or re-implementation of the death penalty, while governments in the Philippines and United States (among others) pointed to capital punishment as an essential tool to confront drug trafficking or public health emergencies. Y.S.R. Murthy from Jindal Global University insisted on the role of NHRIs and encouraged civil society to work with them, for example in the Philippines and in Sri Lanka. Aurelie Placais, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty presented stories of women facing the death penalty for drug related offenses in Iran, Indonesia, insisting on the specific discrimination they face in criminal justice systems focusing on a punitive approach to drug. Julian McMahon, Capital Punishment Justice Project, discussed how to make change: “we need to feed the debate with facts and truth, we need interdisciplinary, cross barriers, and to work together”.Participants from Sri Lanka also took the floor and indicated that with the elections taking place at the end of 2019, the death penalty was considered as an alternative to mass incarceration. The case of the Philippines was also debated during the conference, with information that the number of extrajudicial executions had reached 30 000. Another participants informed panellists that the 1st Asia Regional Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Drug Policy will be held at the University of Hong Kong from 14 -15 October 2019, and that one of the panel will be on the death penalty.Progress made with the UNODCSince the 2015 World Day Against the Death Penalty focusing on “the death penalty doesn't stop drug crimes”, and the UNGASS on drugs in 2016, some progress have been made. The High Level Ministerial segment and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs which took place in March 2019, have generated intense debates on the death penalty in Vienna, but the UN common position is a good sign that things are changing from within.Zaved Mahmood, OHCHR, explained the irrelevance of the death penalty in the three drug conventions and quoted the UN system common position on international drug control policy through effective inter-agency cooperation: “to promote the principle of proportionality, to address prison overcrowding and overincarceration by people accused of drug crimes, to support implementation of effective criminal justice responses that ensure legal guarantees and due process safeguards pertaining to criminal justice proceedings and ensure timely access to legal aid and the right to a fair trial, and to support practical measures to prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention and torture”.Earlier this year, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has joined the International Drug Policy Consortium and attended its first members meeting as a side event of HR19. It was striking to witness the many similarities with the World Congress Against the Death Penalty and the General Assembly of the World Coalition in February. The two movements have indeed much in common and need to work more hand in hand. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1576] => Array ( [objectID] => 4304 [title] => Statement on executions in the USA [timestamp] => 1561075200 [date] => 21/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-executions-in-the-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the worldwide trend towards abolition of the death penalty grows, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty notes with concerns that the USA has reached a total of 1500 executions since 1977. [texte] => As of 21 June 2019, 106 countries worldwide have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, 8 other countries have abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes and 28 countries are abolitionist in practice. Of the 56 retentionist countries, 20 countries have carried out executions in 2018. According to Amnesty International, the USA was the 7th worst executioner in the world in 2018 after China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Viet Nam, Iraq and Egypt. In December 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted the 7th resolution for a worldwide moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 121 UN member states out of 193 voting in favour, the highest number ever. Unfortunately, the USA voted against this resolution for the 7th consecutive time.Even within the USA, the trend towards abolition in stronger than ever. Over the last 10 years, 7 states have abolished the death penalty, most recently New Hampshire on 30 May 2019. Altogether, 21 states have now abolished the death penalty and among the 29 states that still allow capital punishment, 4 have a governor issued moratorium on the death penalty: California in 2019, Colorado in 2013, Oregon in 2011 and Pennsylvania in 2015.US state governors, parliaments and supreme courts have repeatedly found that the death penalty is applied discriminatorily; that many innocent people are on death row, that it is not an effective response to crime and that more and more family member of murder victims are opposed to the death penalty because they call for justice and not revenge. The death penalty is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death. It is inefficient and does not keep society safe. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime effectively than other punishments. It is unfair and discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault. It is counterproductive. By establishing the killing of a human being as a legal solution, the death penalty promotes the idea of murder more than it fights against it. The world looks at the US for leadership in many criminal justice issues, human rights issues and in the rule of law. It is high time for the United States to join the ranks of countries that have abolished the death penalty and show leadership in ending this cruel punishment all around the world. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1577] => Array ( [objectID] => 4305 [title] => Increased use of the death penalty in Egypt since 2013 [timestamp] => 1560384000 [date] => 13/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/increased-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-egypt-since-2013/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c2b6bea10813c0eb6bcf118e2ed1ddb2_2-1-500x238.jpg [extrait] => Since the fall of the Morsi regime in 2013, the use of the death penalty has increased considerably in Egypt with a death sentence rate estimated at 2443 people between 2013 and 2018 according to Reprieve. [texte] => A report published on 27 May 2019 by the human rights NGO "Reprieve" and the Daftar Ahwal Data Research Center, after analysis of numerous official documents, legal sources, but also media reports and information from human rights defenders, reveals that the El Sissi regime imposed the death penalty on 2443 people, including 11 children under the age of 18 between 2013 and 2018. Of these, 1884 were tried in group trials in which 15 or more accused were tried simultaneously. During the same period, at least 45 of these trials resulted in the death sentence. The report also denounces that in mass trials, defendants are regularly sentenced to death on the basis of false accusations of terrorism linked to the exercise of fundamental rights such as freedom of assembly. In some cases, defendants are sentenced to death for deadly offences they have not committed. In others, people are sentenced to death on nebulous and non-lethal charges related to their "membership" in alleged terrorist organizations. The report also highlights the higher number of political trials than criminal trials tried by the courts. Since September 2018, at least 77 people have been awaiting execution, 86 % of whom have been sentenced under the El Sissi regime and at least 6 have already been executed.Finally, the report reveals that despite this increase in death sentences in Egypt, in violation of the rules of international law in this field, the European Union, several of its Member States and the United States have continued to cooperate with the El Sissi regime. All data is available through the Egypt Death Penalty Index, a database compiled by Reprieve that tracks the use of the death penalty in Egypt between 25 January 2011 and 23 September 2018. During this period, the index identified: 1,592 confirmed death sentences and 145 executions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1578] => Array ( [objectID] => 4306 [title] => New Hampshire: 21st State to Abolish the Death Penalty in the USA [timestamp] => 1560297600 [date] => 12/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-hampshire-21st-state-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-in-the-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b2944c81026812e1784ba6d426814d74_2-1-500x163.jpeg [extrait] => On 30 May 2019, the NH state Senate voted to override the governor’s veto. The death penalty repeal took effect immediately. [texte] => Bill HB455 entitled “relative to the penalty for capital murder” was introduced on 3 January 2019. The New Hampshire House of Representative (vote on 7 March 2019: 279-88) and Senate (vote on 11 April 2019: 17-6) voted to abolish the death penalty, only to have Governor Sununu veto it on 3 May 2019. They voted again end of May to override the veto (House of Representative vote on 23 May: 247-123; Senate vote on 30 May: 16-8) and the bill became law. The last execution took place in 1939, but there is still one person on death row. The repeal law does not apply retroactively to Michael Addison, who killed Manchester Police Officer Michael Briggs in 2006. But death penalty abolition in other states have often led to the commutation of the remaining death sentences. Since its first use in 1734, New Hampshire has executed 24 people.A lesson in perseveranceThis repeal was made possible after two decades of hard work. Hampton Democrat Rep. Renny Cushing had sponsored repeal bills unsuccessfully for years. In 2000, Gov. Jeanne Shaheen, a Democrat, vetoed a similar bill in 2000. In 2014, Gov. Maggie Hassan, also a Democrat, said she would support the bill, but the Senate deadlocked vote 12-12 prevented the repeal of the death penalty. “Today as I watched the final vote for repeal, I was thinking back 5 years ago to when the WCADP Steering Committee assembled in New Hampshire, at a moment when we in our state were on the cusp of repeal. We were so disappointed when the final vote to repeal failed by a tie vote. Since that time we have worked diligently, inspired by being part of a global abolition movement, to secure the votes necessary to advance repeal” wrote Repr. Renny Cushing, representative of Murder Victim’s Families for Human Rights to the World Coalition. “I speak often of the visit of the World Coalition to New Hampshire. And I am glad that today former WCADP President Elizabeth Zitrin was present of this historic vote.”Opponents of capital punishment cheered from the Senate gallery when the override vote was tallied. They hugged and they cried. Photo courtesy of Elizabeth Zitrin: “Renny in the small gallery, standing as he was recognized by the senate in the chamber below.”New strategies“The vote today in New Hampshire is the result of the legislature recognizing the voices of family member of murder victims opposed to the death penalty, the voices of law enforcement opposed to the death penalty, and the witness of persons wrongfully condemned exposing the dangers of capital punishment” added Repr. Renny Cushing.The first hearing at the House of Representative Committee on Criminal Justice and Public Safety on 19 February gathered more than 90 witnesses. Many organizations worked together to make it happen, including the New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, the ACLU, American Friends Service Committee and others.“I am grateful to the many survivors of murder victims who bravely shared their stories with the Legislature this session, many of whom told us that the death penalty, with its requisite long legal process, only prolongs the pain and trauma of their loss,” said Democratic Senator Martha Hennessey in explaining her vote to override the veto.The bill was also successful because it was a bipartisan bill. "Ending New Hampshire's death penalty would not have been possible without significant Republican support. Increasing numbers of GOP state lawmakers believe capital punishment does not align with their conservative values of limited government, fiscal responsibility, and valuing life” said Hannah Cox from the Conservatives Concerned About the Death Penalty.A Growing TrendOver the last 10 years, 7 states in the USA have abolished the death penalty, either by the legislature voting for a bill (New Hampshire in 2019, Maryland in 2013, Connecticut in 2012, Illinois in 2011 and New Mexico in 2009) or by the state supreme court ruling for its abolition (Washington in 2018 and Delaware in 2016). In 2017, Nebraska’s legislature also abolished the death penalty, but voters subsequently reinstated it in a referendum the same year.In the USA, 21 states have now abolished the death penalty and 29 states still allow capital punishment, but in 4 of them governors have issued moratoriums on the death penalty: California in 2019, Colorado in 2013, Oregon in 2011 and Pennsylvania in 2015. “I (…) thank every member of the World Coalition for supporting the work in our state to end capital punishment” added Repr. Renny Cusing. “The vote today in New Hampshire is a victory for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and all who work to rid the world of the death penalty.”(Source for Infographics: DPIC) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1579] => Array ( [objectID] => 4307 [title] => Follow-up to the initiative on the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners [timestamp] => 1560124800 [date] => 10/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/follow-up-to-the-initiative-on-the-conditions-of-detention-and-treatment-of-death-row-prisoners/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cd1672efb2c8e15b934651bf9f685608_2-1-500x329.jpg [extrait] => PRDH, in partnership with ECPM and the University of Grenoble-Alpes, organized a side event on the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners worldwide during the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty in Brussels (27 February - 1 March 2019) which provided food for thought and some areas of work thanks to the presence of some thirty participants working in more than 10 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The results of these discussions are shared in this article. [texte] => In October 2018, the association Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme (PRDH), a member association of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, launched an international initiative at the Paris Bar for the World Day Against the Death Penalty on October the 10 2018, which focused on the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners worldwide. In this perspective, PRDH's action aims to develop, in partnership with the Legal Clinic in Freedom Law of the Université Grenoble-Alpes’ law school, a research, action and advocacy work for at better taking into account in international law the issue of the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners worldwide, in order to draft and adopt additional guidelines on this issue, and, more generally, to obtain international recognition of death row prisoners as a specific legal category for persons deprived of their liberty.This research led to the publication of a first article at the end of November 2018 on the Coalition's website. Since then, PRDH, in partnership with ECPM and the University of Grenoble-Alpes, organized a side event on this theme during the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty in Brussels (27 February - 1 March 2019) which provided food for thought and some areas of work thanks to the presence of some thirty participants from more than 10 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The results of these discussions are shared in this article.While available statistics indicate that there are nearly 20,000 death row prisoners worldwide out of 11 million in detention, the detention standards applied to those facing, or sentenced to, death do not take into account the particular context in which they live. PRDH's analysis tends to show that the specific vulnerabilities of convicted prisoners are not sufficiently rooted in international human rights law.Defendants facing the death penalty generally suffer violations of their procedural rights and minimum judicial guarantees. In terms of detention, death row prisoners are often in dedicated areas of the prison, but detention on death row is not systematic. The percentage of women sentenced to death is generally low, but varies from one prison system to another. Some children are sentenced to death, in violation of international human rights and humanitarian law, and may be detained for several years before reaching the age of majority and executed. The shortcomings of current international law. Some emblematic examplesWhile, on the question of the rights of detainees, international and European human rights law recognizes general protection for persons deprived of their liberty (in particular the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners - 1955 Rules updated in 2015 as the Mandela Rules), nevertheless, today, there are no specific provisions in international human rights law or regional human rights law1 concerning the conditions of detention and treatment of persons sentenced to death, even though persons sentenced to death have specific vulnerabilities and special needs. However, the death penalty is a discriminating and aggravating factor detrimental to respect for the dignity of detainees and the effectiveness of minimum judicial guarantees.As a preliminary point, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) makes no mention of the requirement for transparency and the production of statistics on the number of death sentences or executions, which are regularly recommended during State reviews by UN human rights mechanisms. Moreover, while these rules recall the fundamental principle of non-discrimination, they do not mention the obligation of non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity2. However, several countries provide in their legal arsenal for the detention and sentencing of persons to death on this basis3.Among the topics that would deserve more attention in the Mandela rules and international law in general, a distinction should be made between:About the conditions of detention and treatment of accused persons facing the death penalty: persons awaiting trial and facing the death penalty may suffer, in many contexts, major violations of their fundamental rights that are not fully recognized by international law, such as, for example:1.The right to a fair trial:In several of the countries studied, such as Pakistan or Egypt - countries that are in the top ten countries that impose death sentences - the trial courts that impose death sentences are single-judge courts, which are not likely to guarantee the proper administration of justice. Moreover, when, in other countries, the panels of judges are collegial, decisions are taken by a majority and not by unanimity, which is the only real bulwark against arbitrariness. In some countries, such as Morocco, parliamentarians are mobilizing to ensure that this type of decision is taken unanimously.The death penalty should not be imposed collectively. Collective sentences, as in Egypt, are handed down in violation of the principle of the law of individual criminal responsibility.2.Access to quality interpreting:The question of access to interpreting is covered in different ways in legal terms depending on the stage of the criminal proceedings in which the defendant facing the death penalty or the person sentenced to death finds himself/herself. Rule 61 of the Mandela Rules fully covers the issue of interpreting in relation to access to counsel, establishing an obligation of competence and independence for the interpreter4. Rule 41, which deals with discipline and disciplinary punishment in prison, does not reverse this requirement for competent and independent interpreting. With regard to access to health care (rules 24 to 35), there is no mention of a positive obligation on the part of the prison authority to provide an interpreter in the context of exchanges between medical staff and the prisoner. In many countries, such as Mauritania, where death sentences are still handed down, there is no system of judicial expert interpreters. However, these judicial experts must meet certain requirements of competence and professional ethics (professional secrecy, moral guarantee of the integrity of their service).About the conditions of detention and treatment of prisoners sentenced to death:The conditions of detention and treatment of prisoners sentenced to death are particularly difficult on a number of daily dimensions of this particular form of deprivation of liberty. Some dimensions are insufficiently covered by international law and the Mandela Rules.1.Access to education and manual activities:This access is far from being guaranteed or offered to death row prisoners in many prison systems. For example, in Malawi, women sentenced to death can participate in gardening activities. In Burkina Faso, women prisoners, including those sentenced to death, have the opportunity to read what they want, which is not the case in most prison systems around the world. International rules do not contain any specific provisions on this subject concerning death row prisoners.2.Freedom of religion and worship:While access to the free exercise of religion and worship is guaranteed in international rules (Mandela Rules 65 and 66), prison authorities must guarantee any prisoner sentenced to death access to a chaplain without distinction as to sex, age or religious affiliation. Women sentenced to death must have access to a female chaplain if they so request. This gender dimension is absent from the Mandela Rules and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Offenders and the Imposition of Non-custodial Measures on Women Offenders (the so-called Bangkok Rules, 2011).3.The protection of persons sentenced to death against public curiosity and respect for private life:This protection of persons facing the death penalty and of persons sentenced to death against public curiosity only concerns, under international law, certain stages of judicial proceedings and detention such as transfer5 or the question of protection against public curiosity during public executions, prohibited under international human rights law6. Legal provisions contained in the 1949 Geneva Conventions could serve as food for thought to strengthen the protection of death row prisoners against public curiosity at all stages of the proceedings.74.The question of the remains and personal belongings of death row prisoners:While rule 72 enshrines the principle of respect and dignity for the remains of a person who died in custody, it does not address the question of the charging of the financial costs associated with execution. The costs of execution must be borne entirely by the prison authority, not by the family8. The bodies of those sentenced to death should not be trafficked, as in the Chinese context9. The Mandela Rules refer to the management of prisoners' personal belongings only in the case of release (rule 67). Thus, these rules remain completely silent on the question of the fate of the personal effects of those sentenced to death, and the positive legal obligation to return them to the family or their beneficiaries.5.Public awareness and information exchange:This issue refers to the role of raising awareness of the conditions of detention of death row prisoners and soliciting a variety of actors (power control bodies such as Parliament or national human rights institutions, academic and research centers, civil society) to develop research on these aspects, in the spirit of rule 70 of the 2011 Bangkok Rules on women deprived of their liberty10. The addition of such a rule in the Mandela Rules could thus recognize the limited reliable data and public awareness of the issue of the conditions of detention and treatment of death row inmates worldwide, the impact of incarceration on their families, as well as the importance of sharing information on r [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1580] => Array ( [objectID] => 4308 [title] => Mass executions in Saudi Arabia with more than 100 people executed since January 2019 [timestamp] => 1559865600 [date] => 07/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mass-executions-in-saudi-arabia-with-more-than-100-people-executed-since-january-2019/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5f83210f1c6dc55c9ae1cb5b89a1dbb1_2-1.png [extrait] => The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia once again made its mark on the international scene by executing 37 people sentenced to death for terrorism in six regions of the country on Tuesday, 23 April 2019, 36 of whom were beheaded, while the last was crucified. [texte] => Massive human rights violations Saudi Arabia once again made the headline by executing 37 of its citizens, the majority of whom were Shia men convicted after mock trials that violated international standards of fairness, based on "confessions" extracted under torture. Among the latter was also a young man Abdulkareem al Hawaj, convicted of charges that took place when he was still a minor (16 years old). These facts once again demonstrate the minimal value that the Saudi authorities attach to human life and their willingness to continue to flout all the rules of international law.Further executions planned after RamadanSince the beginning of 2019, Saudi Arabia has executed at least 104 people, including at least 44 foreigners, the majority of whom have been convicted of drug-related offences. In 2018, the Kingdom had carried out a total of 149 executions according to Amnesty International. However, the number of executions is likely to increase, according to several government sources. At least 20 people currently convicted of terrorism could be executed at the end of the month of Ramadan. These include Islamic moderators Sheikh Salman al-Odah and Awad al-Qarni and journalist Ali al-Omari, all accused of terrorism. Indignation of the International Community Faced with this distressing and worrying situation, many voices rose, as did the Director of the association Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM), who had described these executions as shame and cynicism. The Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty also condemned these executions as unfair and violating the right to life. Human Rights Watch denounced the fact that "Saudi Arabia has one of the highest execution rates in the world and applies the death penalty to a wide range of offences that do not constitute the "most serious crimes", including drug-related offences. »The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in turn expressed her dismay by stating: "I strongly condemn these shocking mass executions (...) despite the concerns raised about these cases by many UN Special Rapporteurs, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child and others", said High Commissioner Michelle Bachelet. In particular, she found "abhorrent" that at least three of the victims were minors at the time of their trial. ESOHR also condemns the fact that "the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has acted blatantly against the requests and recommendations previously made by Ben Emmerson, former Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism. »The European Union in turn reacted to this mass execution, notably through the voice of one of its spokespersons who stated that "this negative trend in executions in Saudi Arabia is in stark contrast to the growing abolitionist movement throughout the world". He also added that "these mass executions raise serious doubts about the respect for the right to a fair trial, which is a fundamental international minimum standard of justice," she said, expressing concern about the "risks" of religious tensions that these executions could provoke.The World Coalition, which constantly calls on these States to put an end to the violation of the right to life, - Expresses its anger and denounces the mass executions committed by Saudi Arabia,- Calls on the international community to take action and put pressure on Saudi Arabia to stop the imposition and execution of the death penalty,- Calls on all its member organizations to increase efforts and awareness to stop its mass executions,- Expresses its solidarity with the families of the executed victims. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1581] => Array ( [objectID] => 4309 [title] => 64th ACHPR Session: Concluding in Egypt, Where Sentences & Executions are on the Rise [timestamp] => 1557792000 [date] => 14/05/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/64th-achpr-session-concluding-in-egypt-where-sentences-executions-are-on-the-rise/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cc01300b5d1264593425c860db82a4a5_2-1-500x265.jpg [extrait] => The 64th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) is concluding in Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt. The ACHPR, the African Union organ steadfast in promoting and protecting human rights on the African continent, held the session from 24 April – 14 May 2019. Despite holding official human right’s discussions in a country where sentencing and executions are on the rise, the abolitionist voice was still heard. [texte] => Discussing Death Penalty Abolition in EgyptOn 25th April, the day after the opening ceremony of the 64th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR, a panel on the death penalty was held. It was organized by the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extrajudicial, Summary of Arbitrary Killings in Africa in collaboration with the World Coalition, FIACAT and FIDH. Moderated by the Chairperson of the Working Group, the Honorable Commissioner Zainabo Sylvie Kayitesi, the panelists spoke openly about the necessity of abolition and the steps some countries have taken to get there. Bafou Jeng of the Attorney General’s Chambers and Ministry of Justice of The Gambia spoke of the steps that have been taken nationally over the past year to commit to the abolitionist cause. Paul Angaman, President of FIACAT, and Cheikh Barham Aboubacar, the President of the Intra & Inter Religious Dialogue Committee in Niger, elegantly highlighted the reasons for abolition, the latter focusing on religious reasoning in Islamic texts to promote repealing capital punishment. Lastly, Arnold Tsunga, Vice President of FIDH, spoke of the use of the death penalty today on the African continent, focusing on the most active retentionist country within the union: Egypt. Indeed, while the most recent global statistics published in Amnesty International’s Global Report on the Death Penalty show a continued global trend towards abolition, Egypt remains an outlier with a confirmed 43 individuals executed in 2018 and an astonishing 717 sentenced to death. Egypt was among the three states being reviewed during this session by the ACHPR, submitting their 4th periodic report earlier this year (the other states being reviewed are Lesotho and The Gambia). Following the concluding remarks of the panelists, the Representative of Egypt quickly took the floor. He reiterated what was stated in the Egyptian report vis-à-vis the death penalty; namely that the practice remains “lawful under Egyptian penal code and Egyptian sovereignty” and applied only in the “most serious-crime scenarios”. However, this statement does not reflect the reality in which death sentences are handed down in Egypt. As noted in a shadow report co-submitted by the World Coalition and the Advocates for Human Rights to the ACHPR earlier in April, Egypt does not reserve capital punishment for the most serious offenses and has applied the punishment to offenses that did not result in death of the victim. Indeed, more and more the death penalty is applied to cases of political dissent and following trials en masse. Training the World Coalition’s Network on Advocacy with the ACHPROn the 23rd April, before the start of the session, the World Coalition in partnership with FIACAT held a training workshop for interested members focusing on how to advocate within the ACHPR body and what to expect during ordinary sessions. Still in its trial phase, the bi-lingual workshop (French and English) put in place by the World Coalition during the ACHPR’s ordinary sessions included 12 participants, many members of the World Coalition, and hailing from countries all over the African Union: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cameroun, Morocco, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Côte d’Ivoire. Lawyers and activists alike participated in this half-day training that reviewed the role and function of the ACHPR as well as the numerous methods available to civil society to advocate for human rights causes- particularly for the abolition of capital punishment.Together, the participants role played giving oral statements on the floor of the session, learned the nuances of drafting and submitting shadow reports to the ACHPR, as well as a myriad of informal ways on how to interact with ACHPR commissioners and the secretariat. “I learned new things on human rights and the death penalty in Africa. Of course [this] training was useful and increased my advocacy skills and helped me build counter arguments for the total abolition of the death penalty” stated Komrabai Dumbuya of the Sierra Leonian NGO Many River Youth Parliament. An overall success for students and teachers alike, the World Coalition is looking forward to improving their pedagogical technique for the next ordinary session.Limited Space for Civil Society A reoccurring characteristic of the session in Sharm-el-Sheikh was the limited space created by the host country to allow civil society to operate. Egyptian authorities worked hard to place restrictions on the present including but not limited to denying certain individuals entry visas, denying access to private meeting rooms in hotels to hold side-events, and limiting any civil society gathering to the session’s venue, the International Congress Center, where a constant presence of the Egyptian government was felt. The Egyptian authorities also took over the role of issuing identification badges for entry into the venue. The World Coalition and their partners were no exception to this clamp-down. The World Coalition was denied access to numerous private hotel rooms to hold their training session. Eventually, a space was secured within the International Congress Center. As a consequence, the training which was previously scheduled for a full day was reduced to a half day. During her opening statement on behalf of the NGOs Forum, Hannah Forster, Chairperson of the NGO Steering Committee stated; “Participants at the [NGOs] Forum expressed dismay at the number of NGOs denied visas. Furthermore, some of them complained about facing prohibitive rate that curtailed their engagement of sharing side-events.” Also mentioned was a letter of protest written by the NGOs during the Forum addressed to the ACHPR to highlight the poor treatment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1582] => Array ( [objectID] => 4310 [title] => Awareness Building Workshop with African Union Members [timestamp] => 1557792000 [date] => 14/05/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/awareness-building-workshop-with-african-union-members/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ad64a31dc4443983a418674addb2a439_2-1-500x352.jpg [extrait] => The end of March saw a first of its kind awareness-building workshop in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia for the permanent French-speaking members to the African Union. Moderated by the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extrajudicial, Summary of Arbitrary Killings in Africa in close collaboration with FIACAT, the World Coalition and the Organisation International de la Francophonie (OIF), the training focused on raising awareness of the Draft Protocol on the Abolition of the Death Penalty. [texte] => Awareness Workshop On 28th March, Ambassadors and Permanent Representatives to the African Union from Burkina Faso, Egypt, the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Chad, Togo, and the Comoros met at the initiative of the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty in partnership with FIACAT, the World Coalition and the OIF. The aim was to raise awareness, identify obstacles and generate enthusiasm for the Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa. The session opened with moderation by the Chairperson of the Working Group, the Honorable Commissioner Zainabo Sylvie Kayitesi. The rest of the panel who directed the workshop included Issa Abdourhamane, the OIF permanent representative to the African Union, Paul Angaman, President of FIACAT, Michel Sonomou, President of Avocats Sans Frontiers Guinea and Baye Moctor Diop the President of the Group of Francophone Ambassadors, representing Senegal to the AU and to Ethiopia. The speakers took turns calling for the abolition of the death penalty, exploring best practices within their respective nations, and reviewing the procedural steps necessary within the African Union (AU) to adopt the Draft Protocol.Then followed discussion between dignitaries. The topics raised during discussions proved to be crucial in understanding existing obstacles and challenges to death penalty abolition faced in certain countries. While many states represented are either abolitionist or under a moratorium, the Representative from Egypt did join in discussions giving reasons why Egypt was not in support of abolition. A notable obstacle that was brought up in securing a place for the Draft Protocol in the African Charter was that many representatives were simply uninformed that the protocol remains procedurally blocked at the AU Summit since 2016. “Given the interest in this room alone [in seeing the Draft Protocol be adopted], I’m not sure I understand at what level the protocol is being blocked” stated the Representative from Comoros. There are several reasons for the stalemate: retentionist powerhouses like Egypt and Botswana oppose the draft protocol, the visibility of the protocol is poor, and it has not yet been placed on the official agenda of the AU Summit. An overall success, the organizers hope to be able to lead similar workshops in the near future.The Draft Protocol to the African Charter on AbolitionThe Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Abolition of the Death Penalty is a long-term project conceived by ACHPR (African Commission on Human and People’s Rights) in July 2014 at the first Conference on the Death Penalty in Africa. Having received support by many UA State representatives, parliamentarians and National Human Rights Institutions, and NGOs across Africa it was officially adopted as a draft protocol during the 56th ACHPR Ordinary Session in 2015. Since then, it has met numerous administrative obstacles in making its way to adoption by the UA. The content of the draft protocol reinforces the commitment the UA States have made to abolishing the death penalty, and if the necessary steps haven’t yet been taken, place a moratorium on all executions until capital punishment can be legally abolished. A crucial tool in encouraging African governments to openly deal with the issue of the death penalty, the draft protocol once adopted would be optional and only apply to those states who sign it. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1583] => Array ( [objectID] => 4311 [title] => Arab League Summit: the death penalty at the heart of the alternative summit organized by civil society [timestamp] => 1557446400 [date] => 10/05/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/arab-league-summit-the-death-penalty-at-the-heart-of-the-alternative-summit-organized-by-civil-society/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d12b5ec4e47e76bf9ad8e794b64c55aa_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of the 30th session of the Arab League Summit, which took place in Tunis from 26 to 31 March 2019 and brought together 21 Arab delegations, a parallel counter-summit, organized by civil society, was held to address the issue of human rights in the Arab world. [texte] => Organized by the National Union of Tunisian Journalists and a dozen civil society organizations, including the Tunisian Coalition against the Death Penalty, this alternative summit provided an opportunity to debate, inform the general public and challenge the leaders of the Arab world on the defense of freedom of speech, respect for human rights and status of women. It was also an opportunity for the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty to draw up a situational analysis of the death penalty in the Arab world in general and in Egypt in particular. Indeed, the question of the recent executions in Egypt, but also the unrest in Algeria and the situation in Palestine, have occupied a prominent place in the debates. The actions carried out during this alternative summitThe alternative summit was rich in events and debates. In the run-up to the summit, recommendations concerning youth and the media were made by the Civil Society and Media Forum in the Middle East and North Africa. The day of the 28th of March was devoted to the Algerian socio-political situation (which led to the drafting of an open letter), while the issue of human rights in Egypt was the focus of the day of Saturday the 30th. In turns, several speakers were given the opportunity to alert the opinion on the general context of the human rights situation in Egypt (Mohamed Omran, human rights activist), on the high cost of defending human rights (Moataz al-Fajeri, secretary of the Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Support of Human Rights Defenders and regional coordinator of Front Line Defenders), on freedom of expression (Rubaqa Boualaki from Amnesty International’s regional office) and finally on the issue of the death penalty.In this regard, the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty through Chokri Latif presented a precise overview of the death penalty in the regime of Abdel Fattah al-Sissi.Recalling that Egypt has not ratified either the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment or the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty has warned of the current political use of the death penalty in Egypt and the failure to respect fair procedures.Raise awareness among the general publicBroadcasted live on the second Tunisian channel (while the official summit was broadcasted at the same time on the first), the 30th of March was therefore the occasion for the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty and ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort) to call on States to put an end to the practice of capital punishment and to denounce the violations currently committed in Egypt. It was also an opportunity to be able to inform the general public directly, in an official way, on a prime time channel.Demonstration on Bourguiba AvenueSunday was devoted to human rights in the Arab world in general, and despite an impressive deployment of police forces, the summit ended with a peaceful demonstration on Avenue Bourguiba.A thousand people, including representatives of political parties, NGOs, journalists and ordinary citizens, walked down Avenue Bourguiba, accompanied by the Clown Activist Brigade.A moment of struggle and solidarity in a good-natured spirit that brought this alternative summit to a close. The next actions The Tunisian coalition against the death penalty intends to continue its educational action to raise awareness by reaching out to Tunisian youth through meetings and debates organized in several cities across the country. A study is also currently being conducted on the conditions of detention in Tunisian prisons for persons sentenced to death. It will thus make it possible to draw up a socio-economic portrait of the detainees, to testify about their conditions of detention, the management of their defense, etc.This major study will be presented at the next World Day Against the Death Penalty, which will take place on 10 October 2019. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1584] => Array ( [objectID] => 4312 [title] => Death penalty 2018: Dramatic fall in global executions [timestamp] => 1554854400 [date] => 10/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-2018-dramatic-fall-in-global-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/40294021ada14010f65cc4aaf18e399b_2-1-500x417.jpg [extrait] => Despite a rise in executions in some countries, global executions fell by 31% in 2018. The universal fight for the abolition of the death penalty seems to be on the right way. [texte] => Global executions fell by almost one-third last year to the lowest figure in at least a decade, Amnesty International said in its 2018 global review of the death penalty published today. The statistics assess known executions worldwide except in China, where figures thought to be in their thousands remain classified as a state secret.Following a change to its anti-narcotics laws, executions in Iran – a country where the use of the death penalty is rife – fell by a staggering 50%. Iraq, Pakistan and Somalia also showed a significant reduction in the number they carried out. As a result, execution figures fell globally from at least 993 in 2017, to at least 690 in 2018.“The dramatic global fall in executions proves that even the most unlikely countries are starting to change their ways and realize the death penalty is not the answer,” said Kumi Naidoo, Amnesty International’s Secretary General.“Despite regressive steps from some, the number of executions carried out by several of the worst perpetrators has fallen significantly. This is a hopeful indication that it’s only a matter of time before this cruel punishment is consigned to history, where it belongs.”Reinstating the death penaltyHowever, it wasn’t all good news. Amnesty International found increases in executions in Belarus, Japan, Singapore, South Sudan and the USA. Thailand carried out its first execution since 2009, while Sri Lanka’s President Maithripala Sirisena declared he would resume executions after more than 40 years, posting an advert seeking executioners in February 2019.“The positive news of 2018 has been marred by a small number of states who are shamefully determined to buck the trend,” said Kumi Naidoo.“Japan, Singapore and South Sudan reported their highest levels of executions in years, and Thailand resumed executions after almost a decade; but these countries now form a dwindling minority. To all the countries that still resort to the death penalty, I challenge you to act boldly and put a stop to this abhorrent punishment now.”Noura Hussein, a young Sudanese woman, was sentenced to death in May 2018 for killing the man she was forced to marry as he tried to rape her. After global outrage, including major campaigning efforts from Amnesty International, her death sentence was over-turned, and she was instead given a five-year prison sentence and asked to pay financial compensation, customarily known as Diya or “blood money” of 337,500 Sudanese pounds (around US$8,400) to the victim’s family.Noura told Amnesty International:“I was in absolute shock when the judge told me I had been sentenced to death. I hadn’t done anything to deserve to die. I couldn’t believe the level of injustice – especially on women. I’d never imagined being executed before that moment. The first thing that came to my mind was, ‘How do people feel when they are executed? What do they do?’. My case was especially hard as at the time of sentencing, my family had disowned me. I was alone dealing with the shock.”The world’s top executionersChina remained the world’s top executioner – but the true extent of the use of the death penalty in China is unknown as this data is classified as a state secret. Amnesty International believes thousands of people are sentenced to death and executed each year.In an unprecedented move, death penalty figures were made publicly available by authorities in Viet Nam, who reported that at least 85 executions took place in 2018. This tally confirms its place within the world’s top five executing countries: China (1000s), Iran (at least 253), Saudi Arabia (149), Viet Nam (at least 85) and Iraq (at least 52).Hồ Duy Hải, convicted of theft and murder after he says he was tortured into signing a “confession”, was sentenced to death in 2008. He remains at risk of execution on death row in Viet Nam. The stress of a pending death sentence has had a hugely detrimental impact on his family.His mother, Nguyễn Thị Loan, told Amnesty International:“It has been 11 years since he was arrested and our family was torn apart. I can no longer bear this pain. Just thinking about my son suffering behind bars hurts me so much. I would like the international community to help reunite my family. You are my only hope.”Despite a significant decrease in the number of executions it carried out, Iran still accounted for more than one third of executions recorded globally.Amnesty International was also concerned about a sharp spike in the number of death sentences that were imposed in some countries over the course of the year.In Iraq, the number quadrupled from at least 65 in 2017, to at least 271 in 2018. In Egypt, the number of death sentences handed down rose by more than 75%, from at least 402 in 2017, to at least 717 in 2018. This rise can be attributed to the Egyptian authorities’ appalling track record of handing out mass death sentences after grossly unfair trials often based on “confessions” obtained under torture and flawed police investigations.Global trend towards abolitionOverall, 2018’s figures show that the death penalty is firmly in decline, and that effective steps are being taken across the world to end the use of this cruel and inhuman punishment.For example, Burkina Faso abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in June. In February and July respectively, Gambia and Malaysia both declared an official moratorium on executions. In the US, the death penalty statute in the state of Washington was declared unconstitutional in October.During the United Nations General Assembly in December, 121 countries – an unprecedented number - voted to support a global moratorium on the death penalty. Only 35 states voted against it.“Slowly but steadily, global consensus is building towards ending the use of the death penalty. Amnesty has been campaigning to stop executions around the world for more than 40 years – but with more than 19,000 people still languishing on death row worldwide, the struggle is far from over,” said Kumi Naidoo.“From Burkina Faso to the US, concrete steps are being taken to abolish the death penalty. Now it’s up to other countries to follow suit. We all want to live in a safe society, but executions are never the solution. With the continued support of people worldwide, we can – and we will – put an end to the death penalty once and for all.”At the end of 2018, 106 countries had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes and 142 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1585] => Array ( [objectID] => 4313 [title] => The State of Palestine commits to abolishing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1554854400 [date] => 10/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-state-of-palestine-commits-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/68f1061370878b15f4bed04a11ca9d26_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => On 18 March 2019, the State of Palestine acceded to the United Nations Treaty aiming to abolish the death penalty, becoming the 87th State Party to the OP2-PIDCP. [texte] => The State of Palestine, on the brink of abolition?In June 2018, President Mahmoud Abas had given his consent for the State of Palestine to accede to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. Palestinian members of the World Coalition, the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) and SHAMS, welcomed President M. Abas' decision at the time, stressing that the abolition of the death penalty in Palestine was "a step in the right direction". It then took nine months for the instruments of ratification to be formally deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 18 March 2019. The Protocol will enter into force on 18 June 2019 in accordance with article 8 of the Protocol.The State of Palestine was given an observer non-member State status in the United Nations by General Assembly's resolution A/RES/67/19 of 29 November 2012 and has since been able to ratify international treaties. The State of Palestine has already asserted this right in the field of human rights, by acceding to the ICCPR in April 2014 and five other treaties in May 2014. An uncertain situation of the death penalty in Palestine From the founding of the Palestinian Authority in 1993 (on the occasion of the Oslo Accords) to 2017, the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) recorded 41 executions in Palestine, but it is symptomatic of the political differences that exist in Palestine. Almost all the executions (39) have been carried out in the Gaza Strip (controlled since the 2006 legislative elections by Hamas, hostile to Fatah, President Mahmoud Abas' party). Thus, according to a strict interpretation of the law, more than two third of all executions carried out in Gaza during this period (28) are extrajudicial executions because they were not preceded by a presidential decree authorizing the executions to be carried out. Indeed, the UN only recognizes the authority of the "President of the Palestinian National Authority".The Gaza Strip and the West Bank are both under a different Criminal Code, in which the death penalty is legally provided for about 15 crimes. PCHR is actively advocating for President M. Abas to amend them.SHAMS also denounces numerous violations of the rights to a fair trial and independent justice. In December 2018, six convictions were handed down by a military court in the Gaza Strip in violation of the Constitution. Abolition of the death penalty and the political context in Gaza and West Bank The domestic policy of the State of Palestine is in a particular situation, due to tensions between Hamas (which controls the Gaza Strip, where most executions take place) and Fatah (whose authority is recognized in the West Bank). The PHCR points out that since 2015, with the failure of the Palestinian Government of National Unity in 2014, death sentences have gradually increased in Gaza, while in the West Bank, on the other hand, sentences have been fewer (the last ones are reported to date back to 2015). The fight for abolition in Palestine is therefore strongly impacted.By acceding to OP2-PIDCP, the State of Palestine has undertaken to renounce executions and to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction. Article 6 also provides that States may not derogate from the prohibition of executions, even in time of public emergency threatening the existence of the nation. It remains to be seen whether Hamas in Gaza will feel bound by the treaty. Civil society will therefore have a key role to play in the coming months in monitoring the entry into force of the Treaty in June 2019. Photo credits: Wikimedia [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1586] => Array ( [objectID] => 4314 [title] => Human Rights Coordinator – HRI [timestamp] => 1554768000 [date] => 09/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/human-rights-coordinator-hri/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International is currently seeking to recruit a full-time Human Rights Coordinator to join its Human Rights and Justice team for a period of six months. [texte] => Founded in 1996, Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. It promotes the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies.Its Human Rights and Justice team monitors rights abuses committed globally in the name of drug control, and advocates to promote the human rights of people who use drugs and their communities. Since 2007, it has conducted targeted research and advocacy on the death penalty for drug offences. The successful candidate will be an integral part of the Human Rights and Justice team, supporting the delivery of research outputs and advocacy initiatives, as well as providing administrative support. Responsibilities include: Research (25%): •Monitor the use of capital punishment for drug offences around the world; •Follow and report on UN human rights processes relevant to the work of the organisation; •Carry out desk-based research – as relevant – on the death penalty, the human rights of people who use drugs, and other issues at the intersection of human rights and drug policy. Project, operations and administration (50%): •Assist in the preparation and logistical planning of meetings, seminars, workshops and other activities that the Human Rights and Justice team participate in; •Organise and coordinate travel for HRI staff, consultants and external participants; •Provide general administrative support to HRI staff as needed, including by attending meetings, tracking programme activities and deadlines, and providing support with reporting. Support to advocacy and campaigning (25%): •Draft, edit, and support the production of reports, advocacy briefings, blog posts and position statements; •Track and identify advocacy opportunities at international and regional levels.Essential Qualifications •Strong interest in human rights, drug policy, and advocacy processes; •Study and/or work experience of 2 years or more in human rights, drug policy, or related fields; •Experience with desk-based research, monitoring, and data gathering; •Strong writing and editing skills; •Experience providing planning, logistical, and administrative support; •Flexibility and ability to work independently, and to juggle multiple projects and deadlines. Desirable Qualifications •Understanding of the UN system, and working knowledge of UN agencies and processes related to human rights and drug policy;•Experience designing briefings and other materials;•Fluency in a second language; •Postgraduate degree in a relevant field, or equivalent experience. Salary: £21-23,000 per annum, equivalent, depending on experience. Location: The post will be based at the HRI office in London. HRI can only accept applications from candidates who already have the right to live and work in the UK. Application details: This is full-time contract for a period of six months, to start as soon as possible. Please send cover letter and CV to hiring@hri.global with a subject line of ‘[NAME] - Application Human Rights Coordinator.’ HRI is accepting applications on a rolling basis, with a first review date of 18 April 2019. Harm Reduction International is committed to employment equity and encourages applications from all qualified candidates, including people living with HIV and people who use drugs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1587] => Array ( [objectID] => 4315 [title] => 7th World Congress – The rights of children of parents sentenced to death [timestamp] => 1554681600 [date] => 08/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-the-rights-of-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d47fcc21d45a299602857662a03fb4ad_2-1.png [extrait] => This 10th October, the World Coalition will celebrate the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty, which is focused on the rights of children whose parents are sentenced to death or executed. In time for the 30th anniversary of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child on 20 November, this year’s theme serves as a reminder that the death penalty constitutes a widespread violation of human rights, impacting even those unseen victims. Let’s look back at how this theme was discussed and addressed during the 7th World Congress. [texte] => On 10 October, the World Coalition will celebrate the 17th edition of the World Day against the Death Penalty, devoted to the rights of children of parents sentenced to death or executed. On November 20, we will all celebrate the 30th anniversary of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). How can the abolitionist movement address the twin issues of the right to life and the right of children? Let's look back at the reflections conducted during the World Congress against the Death Penalty. The death penalty never sentences only one individual Driven by a strong desire for revenge, the death penalty deeply affects the lives of the sentencedperson's immediate family, first and foremost their children. This was the conclusion of the workshop on death row prisoners and their families and the witness evening. Innocent and yet sentenced to carry a heavy burden based on their family lines alone the children of death row inmates see their lives turned upside down. Sabine Atlaoui whose husband, Serge Atlaoui, is currently waiting on death row in Indonesia, gave poignant testimony to the World Coalition's working group in charge of 17th World Day. Their son, born during Serge Atlaoui's detention, faces questions from his classmates in France and the propaganda broadcast in Indonesia against his father. Threatened, stigmatized and discriminated against, these children are excluded from the rest of society and their fundamental rights are violated. Hedad Bentaoui and her children fled Saudi Arabia where her husband Raef Bentoui was convicted and sentenced for committing, according to the regime, a crime of apostasy. Hedad's children in Canada have only fragmentary information about their father, whose sentence has been commuted to a prison sentence and 1000 lashes, with a 10-year ban on leaving the country. The conviction of a parent, the waiting, the retribution that can be sought following the crime, and the occasional secrecy surrounding the execution and place of burial, constitute a real torture that denies childrentheir right to health and to be protected from mental trauma. As a side effect, their right to an education is often impaired, a right which serves as a basis for many others to follow. Acting for the rights of all childrenThe Human Rights Committee or the Committee on the Rights of the Child encourage the remaining retentionist States to reduce the use of the death penalty, taking into account in particular its impact on children. In the name of the best interests of the child, which are enshrined not only in the International Convention on the Rights of the Child but also in the conclusions of various international and regional human rights institutions, major reforms are necessary. For years, the Quaker United Nations Office, a party to the World Congress, has been working to promote children's rights. Their latest report “Protection of the Rights of Children of Parents Sentenced to Death or Executed: An Expert Legal Analysis”, provides a high-level analysis of children's rights in international human rights law. And to remember that beyond infringements of their right, the death penalty compromises their well-being. Their previous report, entitled “Children of sentenced or executed parents”, explores this avenue further. In addition to maintaining calls for the universal and unconditional abolition of the death penalty, it is crucial, for example, to better train prison staff, school educators, and provide social services with the means to better care for children.10th October: Actions to develop together The World Day relays the work of various abolitionist organizations around the world to denounce the unacceptable situation of children whose parents sentenced to death or executed. While the number of retentionist countries is now only a small minority, this year as in previous years, collective mobilization is decisive. There is an urgent need to jointly explore new avenues for action at the international, national or local level. The 10th October will be a unique opportunity to bring together everyone's initiatives and demonstrate everyone's commitment to the right to life.Photo credits: Christophe Meiris [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1588] => Array ( [objectID] => 4316 [title] => Ways to Restrict the Use of the Death Penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1554681600 [date] => 08/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ways-to-restrict-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d1c197abe33cfd3c3a11cc2eb523e1a8_2-1-500x293.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR); March 27, 2019: A part of the 11th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, by IHR, deals with the ways to restrict the use of the death penalty in Iran. [texte] => READ THE FULL REPORT HERE (pdf) Read the article on the Iran Human Rights website hereIn 2018, we witnessed the most significant decrease in the number of executions in the last decade. Although the number of drug-related executions had the largest reduction, there was also a notable reduction in the number of qisas executions and public executions. It is not known whether the relative reduction in the number of qisas and public executions was a result of a political decision. But there is no doubt that the large reduction in the number of drug-related executions was a direct result of the legislative reforms made in 2017."While the number of drug-related executions has dropped significantly since 2015, the number of qisas executions has had fluctuations in both directions. In 2018, both the drug-related and qisas executions had a reduction." The experience in the past two decades has shown that the international community and the Iranian civil society are the main driving forces behind any reforms towards restricting the use of the death penalty in Iran. The few times we have witnessed policy changes either in law or practice, the authorities have unwillingly given in to the external pressure. The stop in stoning punishment and the recent amendments to the Anti-Narcotic Law are the two processes which will be discussed in the following sections. How did the practice of stoning as punishment stopped? After nearly two decades of isolation, with the election of Mohammad Khatami as the President in 1996 the relation the relations between Iran and EU entered a new era. The serious situation of human rights in Iran was an obstacle for the total normalization of EU-Iran relations. Publication of stoning footage by an opposition group[1] received much attention in the international media and was in strong contrast with the reformist image of the new Iranian government. As a condition to upgrade the economic relations the EU put certain human rights demands, including a moratorium on stoning punishment.[2] Iranian authorities informed the EU that a moratorium on stoning had been in effect from the end of 2002.[3] However, the practice of stoning continued secretly and stoning remained in the Iranian Penal code. Human rights activists launched a campaign called “Stop stoning forever” to raise awareness about the continuous practice of stoning.[4] Newly established Iranian human rights NGOs in the diaspora, such as IHR[5], contributed the awareness campaign about the stoning directed towards the European governments.[6] It was first after the massive global campaign for Sakineh Ashtiani [7] which Iran stopped the stoning punishment in practice. However, the Iranian officials do not appreciate abandoning the implementation of punishments because of the pressure of the international community. In a meeting with the heads of Police on January 15, 2019, Iran’s Chief Prosecutor, Mohammad Jafar Montazeri, said: “I am very sorry that the Islamic Republic has stopped implementing certain hodoud punishment in order to avoid condemnation by the international community”.[8]Lessons from the process of changing the Anti-Narcotics LawThe first mention of a need for a change in anti-drug legislation came on December 4, 2014, when Javad Larijani, head of the judiciary’s “High Council for Human Rights”, said in an interview with France 24, “no one is happy to see that the number of executions is high.” Javad Larijani continued: “We are crusading to change this law. If we are successful, if the law passes in Parliament, almost 80% of executions will go away. This is big news for us, regardless of Western criticism.”[9] Almost at the same time, the head of the Judiciary, Ayatollah Sadegh Larijani, addressed the need for a change in legislation in a meeting with judiciary officials.However, nine months earlier in March 2014, the same Javad Larijani had addressed the UN’s “Human Rights Council” about drug-related executions, saying: “We expect the world to be grateful for this great service to humanity”. He continued: “Unfortunately, instead of celebrating Iran, international organizations see the increased number of executions caused by Iran’s assertive confrontation with drugs as a vehicle for human rights attacks on the Islamic Republic of Iran.”[10] This last statement has been the Islamic Republic’s official position for many years. It is unlikely that the Iranian judiciary has suddenly, in less than nine months, come to recognize the fact that the death penalty does not deter drug crimes.Iran has used the death penalty for drug crimes since the very beginning of the Islamic Republic in 1979 and both the crime rate and drug abuse has been increasing in the past three decades.However, international attention on the death penalty for drug offenses is rather new. In recent years, a growing number of global institutions and agencies have expressed public concern about Iran’s use of the death penalty for drug offenses and called for an end to international cooperation with Iranian counter-narcotics efforts. European aid to the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) and Iran has been widely criticized.International NGOs which have urged UNODC to freeze counter-narcotics funding to Iran include Reprieve, Harm Reduction International, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Iran Human Rights, and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort.[11]Moreover, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, who was appointed in 2011, has significantly contributed to the sustainable focus on the issue of drug-related executions in Iran. Besides the annual reports where the death penalty in general and the death penalty, in particular, have been addressed, the UN Special Rapporteurs have issued several public statements calling on Iran to abolish the death penalty for drug offences which are not regarded as the “most serious” crimes by the ICCPR which Iran has ratified. Increasing criticism and awareness led to decisions by individual State donors to withdraw funding from UNODC operations in Iran. In 2013, Denmark withdrew support for such efforts, stating that “donations are leading to executions”[12]. The United Kingdom subsequently did the same, citing “the exact same concerns” as Denmark[13]. Ireland also took similar action with the then Foreign Minister explaining that “we have made it very clear to the UNODC that we could not be party to any funding in relation to where the death penalty is used so liberally and used almost exclusively for drug traffickers”[14].In October 2015, the European Parliament passed a Resolution with a 569 to 38 majority condemning Iran’s high rate of drug-related executions and calling on the European Commission and Member States “to reaffirm the categorical principle that European aid and assistance, including to UNODC counter-narcotics programs, may not facilitate law enforcement operations that lead to death sentences and the execution of those arrested”.So, international pressure on the Iranian authorities and thus the increased political costs of continuous executions of drug offenders is most likely the factor which triggered the sudden change in the Iranian authorities’ rhetoric and attitude towards the use of the death penalty. This, in turn, created a space for public debate and encouraged civil society, lawyers and MPs to drive the process of changing the legislation ahead.Iranian authorities have admitted on several occasions that the political cost of drug-related executions has become too high. In a recent meeting with the General Secretary and other high ranking officers of Iran’s Drug Control Headquarters, the head of the Iranian Parliament, Ali Larijani, said, : ”Death penalty must be the last way of combating the drug problems”, and continued, “the costs of the executions is very high, you must not underestimate the costs”.[15]It is too early to know whether the change in the Anti-Narcotics Law will lead to a reduction in the number of drug-related executions also in the future. The international community must monitor the process of commuting death sentences closely. Calling for transparency in this process is crucial.The UNODC, which has been cooperating with the Iranian authorities in fighting drugs, must be given access to the list of all death row prisoners for drug offenses and participate in monitoring and evaluating the process.The EU and countries which have been funding UNODC projects in Iran must not resume funding until clear results are achieved. Moreover, the issue of due process for drug offenders must be a top priority in future talks with the Iranian authorities.Strategies to restrict the scope of the death penalty beyond drug offenses in IranThe examples from the process of stopping the practice of stoning and the change of the Anti-Narcotic Law show that:- Sustained international pressure is essential- Creating awareness and mobilization of civil society is very importantAt the present moment, putting an end to the execution of juvenile offenders and stopping the practice of public executions seem to be the most reachable goals. Both the international community and the civil society inside Iran are sensitive to these issues. Moreover, Iran is among the very few countries in the world practicing such executions.Another important step would be to push for legal reforms which promote due process and rule of law. Many of those executed would be saved even within the current Iranian law if the standards for due process of law had been respected by the Iranian authorities. As mentioned earlier in the report, Iran is obliged to the principles of due process and fair trials both through the international conventions it has ratified and its own Constitution. Changing the qisas law might seem more challenging. Partly because the Iranian authorities consider death sentence for murder (qisas: retribution in kind) as a red line which should not be crossed. The Iranian [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1589] => Array ( [objectID] => 4317 [title] => 7th Congress – Preventing the resurgence of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1552953600 [date] => 19/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-congress-preventing-the-resurgence-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5cbe9a73a298ffe0ee1ec73ec28d0978_2-1-500x374.jpg [extrait] => The fragile victories of the abolitionist movement are being undermined by several states ready to resume the use of the death penalty, at the cost of abuses. [texte] => 2018 marked important victories for the right to life movement, with the abolition of the death penalty in Burkina Faso and Washington State (USA) where the state’s Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional last October. But some States, which are currently either de facto or de jure abolitionist, are blocking the path to universal abolition and are considering reinstating the death penalty in their jurisdictions. Let’s look back at the congress participants' reflections on protecting the right to life.The right to life at the heart of international human rights lawThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), adopted in 1966 at the initiative of the United Nations Human Rights Committee, provides the basis for international advocacy for the right to life, protected in article 6. However, in this article the death penalty is not explicitly prohibited. It was not until the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol in 1989 that the legal vacuum was partially filled, urging the signatory states to the ICCPR abolish the death penalty. However, 2018 marked a significant turning point with the adoption of General Comment No. 36, which clarifies the provisions of article 6 of the ICCPR to make the right to life a "supreme right".A political instrumentalization of the death penaltyIn Cameroon (where the death penalty is no longer carried out but continues to be handed down by judges) or in Mauritania, the fight against terrorism serves as a pretext for a more severe use of the death penalty at the cost of serious human rights violations. For example, minors are exposed to the death penalty because of their forced recruitment into certain small terrorist groups (such as the Boko Haram sect) due to a very flexible definition of the notion "terrorist" and the increased competence of judges. In the Philippines, the abolitionist movement is vacillating between victories and setbacks, with the death penalty having already been abolished twice, in 1994 and 2006. The recent presidential elections saw the death penalty once again brought to the forefront, in a pure political strategy according to Karen Gomez-Dumpit, Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Human Rights. However, the Commission's investigation, which is available on its website, reveals that 7 out of 10 Filipino citizens would favor alternatives to the death penalty.Acting as a networkEmphasis was placed on creating a real synergy for the benefit of abolitionists. The resurgence of the death penalty jeopardizes the founding principles of the rule of law and fair trial, and risks once again impacting the most vulnerable populations: children, migrants, religious minorities. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has thus initiated an advocacy project specifically dedicated to the concerns of its members with regards to countries considering a return to the death penalty, in law or in practice.Photo credits: Harm Reduction International [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1590] => Array ( [objectID] => 4318 [title] => The World Coalition welcomes the moratorium on executions in California [timestamp] => 1552521600 [date] => 14/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-welcomes-the-moratorium-on-executions-in-california/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/04c96ac2ce39a7bc575f098db3f555c1_2-1-500x289.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the moratorium on executions announced by the Governor of the US State of California, Gavin Newsom. California has 737 prisoners on death row, about 25% of all US death row prisoners, and the largest death row in the Western Hemisphere. Fewer than 30% of nations still use […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the moratorium on executions announced by the Governor of the US State of California, Gavin Newsom. California has 737 prisoners on death row, about 25% of all US death row prisoners, and the largest death row in the Western Hemisphere.Fewer than 30% of nations still use the death penalty in law and in practice. The death penalty is a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We welcome the 40 million people of California, the largest state in the USA, to this moratorium and encourage future steps toward full abolition of this barbaric, cruel and ineffective practice.13 March 2019World Coalition Against the Death Penalty--------------------------------------------------------------The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1591] => Array ( [objectID] => 4319 [title] => 7th Congress – The new challenges of the abolitionist movement [timestamp] => 1551744000 [date] => 05/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-congress-the-new-challenges-of-the-abolitionist-movement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7b1bfd534c9ef3904efe8b2d44898ebd_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The actors involved in the universal abolition of the death penalty outlined the new challenges ahead in the fight for the right to life. [texte] => Gathered for 3 days in Brussels on the occasion of the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, abolitionists from all over the world shared their experiences to consolidate the movement in favor of the right to life. This is a decisive initiative at a time when few countries are maintaining their use of the death penalty or even considering using it again.New strategies and actors working for a single objective: the universal abolition of the death penaltyThe Congress served as a showcase for the main initiatives taken by private companies who are concerned with their consumers' commitments. Their fields of action are unique inspirations for the abolitionist movement: refusing to provide the prison administration with the products used during lethal injections, financing philanthropic companies (Virgin Unite) or engaging and conducting fundraising campaigns. From 15 to 25 May, 2017, Lush Cosmetics put up for sale bath bombs whose profits were entirely donated to abolitionist organizations, for a total of nearly $150,000.Alongside the usual abolitionists (journalists, lawyers, judges, politicians, etc), an emphasis was placed on involving younger generations and influencing conservative political opinion to move the abolitionist cause along.Making the link between the abolitionist and feminist movementsThe Congress highlighted the issue of gender discrimination, which is still often excluded from the concerns of lawyers, academics and even activists. The work of Cornell University’s Law School, represented by its director Delphine Lourtau, highlights the gender bias suffered by women sentenced to death. Their report, entitled "Judged for more than her crime", available online, shows that women sentenced to death constitute an invisible population, victims of abuse by their spouses, forced prostitution or marriage, without these circumstances being taken into consideration by judges during deliberation, while their alleged status as "bad mothers" or "bad wives" is exacerbated.The seminar gave rise to an intense debate on the alliance between abolitionist and feminist movements; should the detention of women be considered different from that of men and act on the basis of the differences identified, or should universal action be considered without arbitrary gender distinction? Some of the advocacy options explored include convening visits to prisons or seeking the support of UN women.The Congress, rich in firsthand accounts, mirrored the overall image of the abolitionist movement- open to involve all opinions in favor of human rights and concerned with regularly breathing new life into the movement. Photo credits: Harm Reduction International [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1592] => Array ( [objectID] => 4320 [title] => 7th World Congress – Closing ceremony [timestamp] => 1551398400 [date] => 01/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-closing-ceremony/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f1ed1f6ddbc6773529b8ba6ee1f79b26_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => The 7th World Congress is coming to an end, after four days of intense exchanges and debates to advance the cause of abolition. A look back at this last morning and the closing ceremony. [texte] => Last morning of exchanges Round tables, workshops and training sessions were held throughout the morning at the Egmont Palace, covering a wide range of topics, like the issue of the discriminatory application of the death penalty to women, how to advocate with religious leaders, or the use of new technologies and new strategies to be implemented. A studious morning, but which allowed everyone to participate, to exchange ideas and to propose new initiatives. Journalists, members of organizations, lawyers, or activists were able to work together in a tremendous spirit of collaboration, mutual support and energy. The closing ceremony The Closing Ceremony, moderated by Susan Kigula, a former death row inmate in Uganda, and Alexandria Marzano-Lesnevich, an American author, provided an opportunity to reiterate everyone's commitment to the abolitionist cause and to review the many initiatives developed during the four days of Congress. While many speeches in support of the abolitionist cause have taken place, particularly from Benin and Monaco, but also from parliamentarians, lawyer bar associations, national human rights institutions, the red hands of abolitionist activists have risen to say no to the death penalty. The closing ceremony was also an opportunity for the World Coalition to read the final declaration of the Congress.Finally, to conclude this very beautiful moment of activism, all the participants gathered for the World March for Abolition. A peaceful, luminous and fraternal moment through Brussels that emotionally sealed this 7th World Congress. The 7th Congress is now over, but the fight continues! [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1593] => Array ( [objectID] => 4321 [title] => 7th World Congress – 28th february [timestamp] => 1551312000 [date] => 28/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-28th-february/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f8c863a1c626e24346ccc6384cb50e7d_2-1-500x275.jpg [extrait] => The programme of the 7th World Congress continued today with more than fifteen events held at the Egmont Palace. Plenary meetings, round tables, workshops, screenings and signings... This is a non-exhaustive summary of this new day. [texte] => A day of testimonies Capital punishment inflicts pain to everybody. This is an essential point that is constantly recalled during this 7th Congress and in particular through the testimonies of relatives of persons sentenced to death. A workshop on the subject was held during the day, raising the question of the needs of the first persons concerned by the death penalty: the convicteds of course, but also their families, whose difficulties, suffering and social stigmatization must be taken into account. This evening Inside-Out will take place in Bozar, an evening of testimonies, a real highlight of the Congress. Punctuated by several artistic performances, it will allow us to evoke the links between those who were, or are still on death row, and the outside world. High-flying academic events The plenary was devoted to the challenges of Sub-Saharan Africa and several training sessions and round tables were held throughout the day, allowing lawyers, researchers, journalists etc. to present the state of their research and share their knowledge.Strategies for abolition in Iran Organized jointly by ECPM and Iran Human Rights, this side event provided an opportunity to examine the specificities of the Iranian situation and, based on the 11th annual report on the death penalty in Iran, to draw up several possible strategies to advance the abolitionist cause. Two issues remain of particular concern in Iran, the issue of minorities (notably Iranian Kurdistan and Balochistan) on the one hand, but also that of juvenile offenders on the other. While human rights are regularly violated, the death penalty is used as a tool for political repression. "It is quite possible that a change may occur, but to do so, pressure must be maintained at an international level." The strategies mentioned are the renewal of the legislative arsenal and a commitment, considered essential, by the European Union on these issues. Round table: Foreigners sentenced to death in the fight against terrorism Begun with a presentation by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, and through the example of Tunisian (presented by journalist Hédi Yahmed) and French people detained in Iraq, but also the military courts of Guantanamo (subject dealt with by James Connell, lawyer), this round table presented several aspects of this thorny issue, because, as Martin Pradel, lawyer at the Paris Bar, pointed out: "These cases are the sum of all fears and cowardice." When public opinion seems to be more than largely unfavorable to convicted persons and military courts operate in complete opacity, in disregard of the most fundamental human rights, the duty of States to enforce the law and protect their fellow citizens should prevail. Unfortunately, this is not the case, and France is sadly making a name for itself in this area. For more information on the Guantanamo courts, feel free to follow GITMO WATCH's work on twitter: @GitmoWatch @BaluchiGitmo @CarolRosenberg Culture always on the agenda Culture is not to be forgotten during the congress. While several signing sessions were held at the bookstore stand of the Abolition Village, several films were screened today, including the documentary film "The Sinner" by Asim Rafiqui, presented by Justice Project Pakistan. A film with striking sobriety and intensity that tells the story of Jan Mashi, who was an executioner for many years in Pakistan. The documentary strongly shows how barbaric the practice of hanging is and reminds us that the death penalty is a suffering that infects all those it affects, regardless of their side. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1594] => Array ( [objectID] => 4322 [title] => 7th World Congress – Opening ceremony and first day [timestamp] => 1551225600 [date] => 27/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-opening-ceremony-and-first-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7debbfe6afe063ec4025cf03d59092be_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Launched yesterday, abolitionists from around the world have gathered in Brussels for the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty organized by ECPM in partnership with the World Coalition that will continue until Friday. Looking back on the last two days of a Congress that has been thus far rich in emotion [texte] => The opening ceremony at the European Parliament By receiving abolitionist activists at its highest institution, the European Union wanted to make a strong commitment to the fight against the death penalty and underline the importance of the work carried out by activists around the world. Emphasis was placed on the many positive developments that have come from the abolitionist movement, including the States that newly voted in favor of the moratorium on the death penalty during the United Nations General Assembly last December, bringing the number of States who voted for the resolution to 121. However, abolitionist work remains considerable, and the opening ceremony was also an opportunity to highlight the severity of the events that are currently taking place in Egypt. While we are all aware that the battle to abolish capital punishment is an uphill fight full of occasional setbacks,Raphael Chenuil-Hazan, the Executive Director of ECPM, gave powerful testimony full of energy, passion and hope that was reflected in the activists present.As stated by Aminata Niakate, ECPM Administrator: "The road to abolition is terribly long, but I do not despair of seeing the day when we will no longer need to meet in a congress and where we can announce the dissolution of ECPM." The arts were engaged ... The arts also took center stage during this opening ceremony with an artistic performance given by Vanessa Place, American lawyer and poet, who read a text written for the occasion, along with a mini concert performed by Tyvh Barrow, Belgian singer. Towards the end of the opening ceremony, all those present will remember for a long time to come, the speech delivered by Ndume Olatushani, formerly sentenced to death, who presented a painting created especially for the Congress. ... The private sector as well Taking the example of some pharmaceutical companies that have decided not to be complicit in executions and not to provide the necessary compounds for the lethal injections in the US, the plenary session following the opening ceremony was devoted to the links between the business world and civil society in the fight against the death penalty. February 26Right before the opening ceremony During the Steering Committee meeting and the General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty which took place yesterday, 13 side-events took place at the same time at the Palais d'Egmont.They brought together lawyers, politicians, academics, representatives of local communities, journalists and artists from all around the world, all committed to the fight against the death penalty. Those side-events included a conference organized by the International Commission against the Death Penalty. Drawing on the example of 29 abolitionist States, the ICDP questioned the lessons that can be learned in order to define new strategies and news actions that can be taken. Among them, the importance of political involvement in this area was emphasized. Read the full report here. "Pain is Pain" - Mike Radelet, University of Colorado sociologistDuring this 7th Congress, the impact of the death penalty on convicts' relatives is also a monumental subject. This is particularly true about the project "Who deserves to die? " led by Sofia Moro, ajournalist whose book can be viewed on her website and whose photos will be exhibited from 22 FEBRUARY 19 to 07 APRIL 19 at BOZAR. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1595] => Array ( [objectID] => 4323 [title] => 7th World Congress LIVE on Twitter! [timestamp] => 1551139200 [date] => 26/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-live-on-twitter/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ab247c396be682cf6b3e641b2a70fd97_2-1-500x166.png [extrait] => Follow the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty taking place in Brussels from 26 February to 1st March 2019 on Twitter: #7congressECPM [texte] => Follow the #7congressECPM Tweet #7congressECPM [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1596] => Array ( [objectID] => 4324 [title] => Saudi Arabia’s false promise on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1549411200 [date] => 06/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabias-false-promise-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/feddf93a6a4f5dc7f3f36d06f0012a02_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => With 149 executions in 2018, one of the highest rates since the 1990’s, the Saudi Kingdom seems to be locking itself into a violent authoritarian drift [texte] => With 149 executions in 2018, one of the highest rates since the 1990’s, the Saudi Kingdom seems to be locking itself into a violent authoritarian drift, according to the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights’ 2018 report. Figures on hand, the organization warns of “one of the darkest periods of repression” that may be unfolding in Saudi Arabia, where the use of the death penalty is mainly due to political and arbitrary decisions. The Kingdom’s reluctance to communicate the exact number of executions could reveal an even more critical situation. Saudi Arabia recently widened the scope of the capital punishment despite the Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman’s statement in April 2018 who promised penal reforms limiting the use of the death penalty. Moreover, the death penalty often follows the use of torture during interrogation or unfair trials during which lawyers for the defendant are not always present – violating more rules in international law. According to the report, the death penalty is above all a valuable political instrument for the Kingdom, increasingly used against women, human rights activists or certain religious, effectively equating their activism with terrorism. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1597] => Array ( [objectID] => 4325 [title] => Critical expansion of the use of the death Penalty in India in 2018 [timestamp] => 1549411200 [date] => 06/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/critical-expansion-of-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-india-in-2018/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/981a5d1a2143cdd4e0b4382fce20f5fa_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => In 2018 India followed a particularly repressive path by sentencing 162 people to death. [texte] => In 2018 India followed a particularly repressive path by sentencing 162 people to death – reaching a new high after nearly two decades. Amongst the many explanations, Project 39As’ report hightlights recent penal reforms and pending draft bills that aim at expanding the death penalty for non-lethal offenses, such as sexual crimes towards children, or for maritime piracy. India also voted against the United Nations’ 2018 moratorium on the use of the death penalty, arguing a contradiction with its domestic law that permits capital punishment only for the rarest of cases. As a result, there were 426 people on death row in 2018 compared to 371 in 2017.However, the Supreme Court has, in a way, slightly countered this punitive shift by commuting 11 out of 12 sentences to life imprisonment. In the meantime, MP Dr. Shashi Tharoor introduced a new bill for abolishing the death penalty. The bill explicitly follows the footsteps of abolitionist movement in India by advocating alternative sentences, as well as preventive and rehabilitation penal measures and noting the bias or the ineffectiveness of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1598] => Array ( [objectID] => 4326 [title] => 2018 confirms a long-term decline of the death penalty in the US [timestamp] => 1548633600 [date] => 28/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/2018-confirms-a-long-term-decline-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0433fa376cadca0a8bd6e81674a0498f_2-1.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2018 End-of-Year report confirms decline despite strong lasting inequalities. [texte] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2018 End-of-Year report confirms decline despite strong lasting inequalities.The abolitionist movement keeps gaining ground in the USIn 2018, the abolition movement gained important victories, including political and juridical ones. Many prosecutors have been replaced by reform candidates, including two of the country’s most aggressive supporters of the death penalty in Orange and San Bernardino counties in California. During the gubernatorial elections, anti-death penalty candidates were either reelected (as in Oregon and Pennsylvania where moratoria on death penalty have been ordered) or elected for the first time (as in Colorado where the candidate explicitly advocated against death penalty). On the side of juridical victories, Washington’s Supreme Court’s decision was decisive. The Court indeed ruled that the death penalty violated the state constitution, arguing in an “arbitrary and racially biased manner”. Thanks to this decision, Washington became the 20th abolitionist state in the US. Juries also exonerated two individuals sentenced to death in California and Florida and commuted the sentences of three others to life in prison in Ohio and Texas. Public opinion is also slightly changing its position on the death penalty according to an October Gallup poll. The death penalty is now seen as a fair sentence by less than half of Americans, which is the lowest level since 2000 the DCIP’s report points out. The use of the death penalty remains discriminatory With 25 executions and 42 death sentences, 2018 is the fourth consecutive year with less than 30 executions and less than 50 death sentences. Despite these figures, the death penalty continues to reveal important social and territorial inequalities. The DPIC describes it as “geographically isolated”: 14 states were responsible for the sentencing, including Texas and Florida where 14 sentences were passed down and only 8 states were responsible for all of the executions in2018, including 13 in Texas. The DPIC’s report points out that 70% of the people sentenced to death suffer various mental illness, brain damage or even chronic abuse. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1599] => Array ( [objectID] => 5614 [title] => Death Penalty Sentencing in Trial Courts: Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (2000-2015) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-sentencing-in-trial-courts-delhi-madhya-pradesh-and-maharashtra-2000-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Compiled by Project 39A from the National University Law in Delhi, India and based on numerous figures and statistics, this report attempts to understand how death sentencing is practised among the district and sessions courts in India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/5ebc3dc0879c75754ab23f78/1589394902371/Death+Penalty+Sentencing+in+Trial+Courts.pdf ) [1600] => Array ( [objectID] => 5615 [title] => Darlie Lynn (song) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/darlie-lynn-song/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Darlie was convicted and sentenced to death for a crime she did not commit. Ever since that conviction, new attorneys have been working to obtain a new trial and establish her innocence.This story is a tragic one, but it is not finished yet.Song performed and recorded by Indie Pirate Shop. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F4IcVRJINI ) [1601] => Array ( [objectID] => 5627 [title] => A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE INDIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND COURT HIERARCHY [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-brief-introduction-to-the-indian-judicial-system-and-court-hierarchy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper provides an introduction to the Indian judicial system and court hierarchy, outlining the jurisdiction of constitutional and statutory courts and tribunals and the appointment, tenure and removal of judges. It describes forms of alternative dispute resolution that have emerged in recent decades, partly to combat delays in the court system, and informal dispute resolution bodies that mediate family disputes, such as Sharia courts. The paper concludes by discussing the contentious issues of delay in the court system, public interest litigation, and appointments to the Supreme and High Courts of India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/3085178/India-Briefing-Paper_final.pdf ) [1602] => Array ( [objectID] => 5629 [title] => Death Penalty in Liberia. When will it be abolished? [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-liberia-when-will-it-be-abolished/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The FIACAT and ACAT Liberia organized an awareness-raisingworkshop on 17 and 18 September 2019 in Monrovia (Liberia) for 30 participants: Muslim and Christian religious leaders, traditional chiefs, members of civil society organizations, journalists, members of the Independent National Commissionon Human Rights (INCHR) and parliamentarians. This workshop resulted in the production of this publication to raise awareness among opinion leaders on the abolition of the death penalty in Liberia, considering the specific characteristicsand needs of the country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://fiacat.org/attachments/article/2806/FIACAT_PDM_LIBERIA_BROCHURE_A5_2019_lecture.pdf ) [1603] => Array ( [objectID] => 5630 [title] => REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON REVIEW OF THE MANDATORY DEATH SENTENCE UNDER SECTION 204 OF THE PENAL CODE [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-task-force-on-review-of-the-mandatory-death-sentence-under-section-204-of-the-penal-code/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report incorporates the results of the audit and recommendations for the design of a comprehensive framework for resentence hearings of capital offenders in Kenya. The framework could guide courts to conduct the resentence hearing process in a structured and evidence-based manner, taking into consideration all the key information that is necessary for mitigation, reintegration and resettlement needs of the offenders, allow the input of the victims, families and communities to be considered, and ensure consistency in resentencing judgments across the country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://www.statelaw.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/EDITED-Final-Nov-5th-DPTF-REPORT.pdf ) [1604] => Array ( [objectID] => 5631 [title] => THE STATE OF AFRICAN REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS BODIES AND MECHANISMS 2018-2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-state-of-african-regional-human-rights-bodies-and-mechanisms-2018-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report presents a comprehensive review of the current state and performance of the African regional human rights system in the period between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2019. It appraises the functioning, working methods, outputs and impact of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR); the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC); and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) during the reporting period. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr01/1155/2019/en/ ) [1605] => Array ( [objectID] => 5632 [title] => The Decline of the Judicial Override [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-decline-of-the-judicial-override/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article discusses the role of judges in death determinations, identifying jurisdictions that initially (post-1972) allowed judge sentencing and naming the individuals who today remain under judge-imposed death sentences. The decisions guaranteeing a jury determination have so far been applied only to cases that have not undergone initial review in state courts. Key questions remain unresolved, including whether the evolving standards of decency permit the execution of more than 100 individuals who were condemned to death by judges without a jury’s death verdict before implementation of the rules that now require unanimous jury votes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/The-Decline-of-the-Judicial-Override.pdf ) [1606] => Array ( [objectID] => 5633 [title] => Nobody To Talk To: Barriers to Mental Health Treatment for Family Members of Individuals Sentenced to Death and Executed [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nobody-to-talk-to-barriers-to-mental-health-treatment-for-family-members-of-individuals-sentenced-to-death-and-executed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Four decades after the reinstatement of the death penalty in the United States, the harmful impact of death sentences and executions on persons other than the individual offender is still not widely recognized – not even among mental health professionals who specialize in responding to individual and community needs in the aftermath of traumatic events. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://texasafterviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TAVP_Report.pdf ) [1607] => Array ( [objectID] => 5634 [title] => Justice Project Pakistan Death Penalty Database [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-project-pakistan-death-penalty-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => n the course of its advocacy and litigation work, JPP has developed a substantial collection of data sets on death row. With technical support from HURIDOCS, it has now developed open source data sets based on existing research on death row and on age determination under the Juvenile Justice Systems Ordinance. This project marks the beginning of the process of making the information publicly available, allowing the public and academic institutions to generate their own findings and base their campaigns on verified data. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://data.jpp.org.pk/ ) [1608] => Array ( [objectID] => 5635 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2019: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2019-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The US death penalty usage remains near record lows in 2019. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2019-year-end-report ) [1609] => Array ( [objectID] => 5636 [title] => The Condemned [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-condemned/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Forty-three years after the Supreme Court reversed course and reinstated the death penalty, reliable data on the individuals sent to death row is maddeningly difficult to obtain. The Intercept set out to compile a comprehensive dataset on everyone sentenced to die in active death penalty jurisdictions since 1976. The findings show that capital punishment remains as “arbitrary and capricious” as ever. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://theintercept.com/series/the-condemned/ ) [1610] => Array ( [objectID] => 5637 [title] => Advocacy Toolkit: Abolition Of The Death Penalty In Africa [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advocacy-toolkit-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This advocacy toolkit is for the use of activists working on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. It is intended to equip them with some key advocacy tools to effectively influence the institutions and individuals who can make abolition a reality in the region. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/1162/2019/en/ ) [1611] => Array ( [objectID] => 5638 [title] => Pathways to Justice: Implementing a Fair and Effective Remedy following Abolition of the Mandatory Death Penalty in Kenya [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pathways-to-justice-implementing-a-fair-and-effective-remedy-following-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-kenya/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report draws on experiences in other jurisdictions where capital sentencing laws have been struck down or abolished, thereby generating the need for prisoners already unlawfully sentenced to death to be given substitute sentences. It delineates the ways in which other common law jurisdictions have addressed the practical and procedural challenges of resentencing following the abolition of the mandatory death penalty – navigating potential human rights infringements and ensuring that satisfactory requirements of due process are met. Resentencing procedures must also be scalable and practically accessible to the large number of individuals (thousands in the case of Kenya) entitled to relief. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/pathways-to-justice-implementing-a-fair-and-effective-remedy-following-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-kenya/ ) [1612] => Array ( [objectID] => 5639 [title] => DEATH ROW USA. Summer 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-usa-summer-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides death row statistics and an update on executions in the US as of July 2019. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.naacpldf.org/wp-content/uploads/DRUSASummer2019-1.pdf ) [1613] => Array ( [objectID] => 5640 [title] => Practice guide for defense counsel representing individuals facing the death penalty in Uganda [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/practice-guide-for-defense-counsel-representing-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty-in-uganda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Practice guide offers guidance to defense counsel in Uganda for the accused person facing a criminal trial of a capital offence involving a death penalty. The best practices are intended to ensure effective legal representation in order to mitigate the potential of imposition of the death penalty. The best practices detailed in the Practice guide intend to enhance the performance of criminal defense counsel in all stages of the criminal trial proceeding to mitigate the adverse effect of an erroneous conviction and sentencing of the accused person to death.The Practice guide was developed in recognition of the unique nature and effect of the death penalty compared to other criminal penalties, and therefore defense counsel in a capital case should take extraordinary efforts on behalf of the accused to review and ensure compliance with these best practices throughout the proceedings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.penalreform.org/resource/practice-guide-for-defense-counsel-representing-individuals-facing/ ) [1614] => Array ( [objectID] => 5641 [title] => Contradictions in Judicial Support for Capital Punishment in India and Bangladesh: Utilitarian Rationales [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/contradictions-in-judicial-support-for-capital-punishment-in-india-and-bangladesh-utilitarian-rationales/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article draws on two original empirical research projects that explored judges’ opinions on the retention and administration of capital punishment in India and Bangladesh. The data expose justice systems marred by corruption, incompetence, abuses of due process, and arbitrary and inconsistent treatment of defendants from arrest through to conviction and sentencing. It shows that those with the power to sentence to death have little faith in the integrity of the criminal process. Yet, a startling paradox emerges from these studies; despite personal knowledge of its flaws, judges have trust in the death penalty to deter crime and to realise other sentencing aims and feel retention benefits society. This is explained by reference to utilitarian values. Not only did our judges express strongly utilitarian justifications for sentencing people to death, in terms of their erroneous belief in its deterrent effect, but some also articulated utilitarian justifications for misconduct in pre-trial processes, suggesting that it was necessary to break the rules to secure convictions when the system was dysfunctional and ineffective. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-019-09304-0 ) [1615] => Array ( [objectID] => 5642 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2019: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2019-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP) – a statewide advocacy organization based in Austin, Texas – publishes this annual report to inform the public and elected officials about issues associated with the death penalty over the past year. The report includes illustrative charts and graphs, and cites the death penalty developments in Texas (USA). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2019.pdf ) [1616] => Array ( [objectID] => 5643 [title] => Children, Yet Convicted as Adults [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-yet-convicted-as-adults/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In May 2019, at least 85 alleged juvenile offenders were sitting on death row in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Last year, seven child offenders were executed, and since the year 2000, Iran has put to death at least 140 individuals for offenses they allegedly committed as children. Today, on World Day Against the Death Penalty, Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC) releases an original report titled, Children, Yet Convicted as Adults, which challenges Iran’s justifications for the use of capital punishment against child offenders, examines the question of maturity through the lens of empirical scientific research, and calls on the Islamic Republic to take immediate action to ensure that no individual is put to death for crimes committed as a child [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3629 ) [1617] => Array ( [objectID] => 5644 [title] => On the possibility of Viet Nam ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-the-possibility-of-viet-nam-ratifying-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-iccpr-aiming-at-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study aims to assess the possibility of Viet Nam ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. It analyzes: (a) the current international legal framework and the process of legal development to abolish the death penalty in selected countries, (b) the compatibility between the existing regulations on the death penalty in the Vietnamese legal system and the Second Optional Protocol of the ICCPR, and (c) the assessment of feasibility for abolition of the death penalty in Viet Nam. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/Death%20Penalty%20Report%20(ENG).pdf ) [1618] => Array ( [objectID] => 5645 [title] => Iran 34th Session of the Working Group on the UPR: Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-34th-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-upr-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This joint stakeholder report aims to provide up-to-date and useful information to understand the reality of the death penalty in the Islamic Republic of Iran, in view of the next review of Iran by the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in November 2019. The substantive information was gathered from news, reports and testimonies from various local sources. Iran is one of the leading death-sentencing and executing states in the world. Despite some recent steps towards limiting the scope of the death penalty for drug-related crimes, Iran’s use of capital punishment remains non-transparent, arbitrary, and worrisomely broad in scope. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/UPR-IRAN-050419-MD.pdf ) [1619] => Array ( [objectID] => 5646 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Fifty-five (55) OSCE participating States have either completely abolished the death penalty or maintain moratoria on executions as an important first step towards abolition. However, in a global context where discussions focus on the threat of terrorism and a need to be tough on crime, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of reintroducing the death penalty surfaces at times, including in the OSCE region. It is, therefore, a good moment to reflect on the reasons why there is still support for the death penalty, considering the growing understanding that capital punishment is a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. Some of the most persistent arguments used to justify the use of the death penalty and its possible reintroduction will be discussed in the report. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/odihr/430268?download=true ) [1620] => Array ( [objectID] => 5647 [title] => A Perverse and Ominous Enterprise: The Death Penalty and Illegal Executions in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-perverse-and-ominous-enterprise-the-death-penalty-and-illegal-executions-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The evidence reviewed demonstrates frequent and heavy-handed recourse to the death penalty by Saudi Arabia in recent months. At least 149 people were executed in 2018, with at minimum 46 remaining on death row at the end of the year. A significant proportion of those executed were political dissidents, and a number were children at the time of their alleged offending. Each of these features connotes a grave violation of international human rights norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/Helena%20Kennedy%20Report%20on%20Death%20Penalty%20KSA%20-%2029.7.19%20.pdf ) [1621] => Array ( [objectID] => 5648 [title] => Dehumanized: The Prison Conditions of People Sentenced to Death in Indonesia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dehumanized-the-prison-conditions-of-people-sentenced-to-death-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although much research has been carried out into the administration of justice in death penalty cases in Indonesia, there is little research into the conditions of detention of the men and women sentenced to death in that country. This study is one of the first to focus on the conditions of detention of death row prisoners in Indonesia. This report aims to give a voice to the men and women on death row in Indonesia and to their families, while documenting their situation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/rapportindon%C3%A9sie_gb.pdf ) [1622] => Array ( [objectID] => 5649 [title] => Punished for Being Vulnerable. How Pakistan executes the poorest and the most marginalized in society [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/punished-for-being-vulnerable-how-pakistan-executes-the-poorest-and-the-most-marginalized-in-society/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report aims to provide an update on the 2007 report, bearing in mind the significant changes that have taken place in Pakistan under various governments since then, including the 2008 unofficial moratorium and the resumption of executions in 2014. The mission aimed at exploring specific issues within the theme of the death penalty, including detention conditions on death row, the use of capital punishment for minors, and the impact of the death penalty on families of death row inmates, particularly their children. However, a recurring theme emerged in discussions about each of these sub-issues: a strong systemic bias against the poor and marginalized. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Punished-for-being-vulnerable_FIDH-HRCP.pdf ) [1623] => Array ( [objectID] => 5650 [title] => Fatally flawed: Why Malaysia must abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fatally-flawed-why-malaysia-must-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Malaysia retains the death penalty for 33 offences and held 1,293 people on death row as of September 2019. This report highlights how the burden of the death penalty has largely fallen on those convicted of drug trafficking, who disproportionately include women and foreign nationals. These findings gain an even greater significance in the context of laws and policies that are in contravention of international human rights law and standards and which have added multiple layers of arbitrariness into the use of this punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/1078/2019/en/ ) [1624] => Array ( [objectID] => 5652 [title] => Clemency [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/clemency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bernadine Williams, a prison guard, still has to drive an inmate through Death Row. Little by little, his work becomes unbearable. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.clemencymovie.com/ ) [1625] => Array ( [objectID] => 5653 [title] => Just Mercy [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/just-mercy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A powerful and thought-provoking true story, “Just Mercy” follows young lawyer Bryan Stevenson (Jordan) and his history-making battle for justice. After graduating from Harvard, Bryan heads to Alabama to defend those wrongly condemned or who were not afforded proper representation, with the support of local advocate Eva Ansley (Larson). Bryan becomes embroiled in a labyrinth of legal and political maneuverings and overt and unabashed racism as he fights for Walter, and others like him, with the odds—and the system—stacked against them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.justmercyfilm.net/ ) [1626] => Array ( [objectID] => 5654 [title] => A Stolen Life: The Debra Milke Story [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-stolen-life-the-debra-milke-story/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Arizona said Debra Milke was a baby killer. Phoenix Homicide Detective Armando Saldate testified she "confessed" to having her four-year-old son murdered when he thought he was going to see Santa. In 1990, she ended up exactly where most thought she deserved--the only woman on Arizona's death row. This compelling investigative work by one of Arizona's most acclaimed journalists takes readers inside the case--inside the prison, inside the evidence, inside the breakdown of justice, inside the legal tenacity, inside the heart and mind of Debra Milke. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/STOLEN-LIFE-DEBRA-MILKE-STORY/dp/0578496224 ) [1627] => Array ( [objectID] => 5656 [title] => Compounded Violence: Domestic Abuse and the Mandatory Death Penalty in Ghana and Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compounded-violence-domestic-abuse-and-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-ghana-and-sierra-leone/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper applies a gendered perspective to women sentenced to a mandatory death penalty in the West African countries of Ghana and Sierra Leone. At present, there are six women on death row in Ghana and two women on death row in Sierra Leone. All eight women are sentenced to mandatory death for murder. However, interviews with the women on death row suggest that their offenses do not meet the threshold of ‘most serious crimes.’ Instead, many are convicted for acts committed in retaliation following violence against them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Anjuli-Peters_DPP-Research-Summary_.pdf ) [1628] => Array ( [objectID] => 5657 [title] => Compounded Violence: Domestic Abuse and the Mandatory Death Penalty in Ghana and Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compounded-violence-domestic-abuse-and-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-ghana-and-sierra-leone-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper applies a gendered perspective to women sentenced to a mandatory death penalty in the West African countries of Ghana and Sierra Leone. At present, there are six women on death row in Ghana and two women on death row in Sierra Leone. All eight women are sentenced to mandatory death for murder. However, interviews with the women on death row suggest that their offenses do not meet the threshold of ‘most serious crimes.’ Instead, many are convicted for acts committed in retaliation following violence against them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Anjuli-Peters_DPP-Research-Report-.pdf ) [1629] => Array ( [objectID] => 5658 [title] => River of Fire: My Spiritual Journey [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/river-of-fire-my-spiritual-journey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => River of Fire is a book for anyone interested in journeys of faith and spirituality, doubt and belief, and “catching on fire” to purpose and passion. It is a book, written in accessible, luminous prose, about how to live a spiritual life that is wide awake to the sufferings and creative opportunities of our world. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/133675/river-of-fire-by-sister-helen-prejean/9781400067305/ ) [1630] => Array ( [objectID] => 5659 [title] => Malaysia: On Death Row [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malaysia-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Malaysian jails, more than 1,200 prisoners are on death row. For them, news that the government was planning to abolish the death penalty provided a much-needed glimmer of hope. But many Malaysians want to keep the law as it is, saying capital punishment deters criminals and helps keep citizens safe. Families of murder victims say the only way to get justice for their loved ones is by hanging the perpetrators. 101 East meets the people on either side of this emotional life-and-death debate and investigates if Malaysia is ready to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuLrVOQozW4 ) [1631] => Array ( [objectID] => 5660 [title] => High-Level Panel Discussion On The Question Of The Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 26/2 and 36/17. It provides a summary of the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty held on 26 February 2019 at the fortieth session of the Council. The panel discussion addressed human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to the rights to non-discrimination and equality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/42/25 ) [1632] => Array ( [objectID] => 5664 [title] => Leaflet 2019 World Day [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-2019-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet for the 2019 World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Leaflet_EN-1.pdf ) [1633] => Array ( [objectID] => 5666 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Activists [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-activists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for activists. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1634] => Array ( [objectID] => 5667 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Defense Lawyers [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-defense-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for defense lawyers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1635] => Array ( [objectID] => 5668 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Legislators [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-legislators/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for parliamentarians. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019QUNO_Legislators_EN-1.pdf ) [1636] => Array ( [objectID] => 5670 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Media [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-media/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for media. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019QUNO_Media_EN-1.pdf ) [1637] => Array ( [objectID] => 5672 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Prison Staff [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-prison-staff/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for prison staff. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1638] => Array ( [objectID] => 5673 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Sentencers [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-sentencers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for judges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019QUNO_Sentencers_EN-1.pdf ) [1639] => Array ( [objectID] => 5675 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Educators [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-educators/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for educators. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1640] => Array ( [objectID] => 5676 [title] => In Their Own Words (Black and White) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-their-own-words-black-and-white/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A tool with testimonies of children with a parent on death row, compiled by the World Coalition thanks to its member organizations (to be printed). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Temoignages_EN_BW-1.pdf ) [1641] => Array ( [objectID] => 5680 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2019 (Black and White) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2019-black-and-white/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilization Kit for the 2019 World Day Against the Death Penalty, in black and white (to be printed). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019MobilizationKit_EN_BW-1.pdf ) [1642] => Array ( [objectID] => 5682 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilization Kit for the 2019 World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019MobilizationKit_EN-1.pdf ) [1643] => Array ( [objectID] => 5684 [title] => Detailed Factsheet 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet for the 2019 World Day, on the rights of children whose a parent has been sentenced to death or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019DetailedFactsheet_EN-1.pdf ) [1644] => Array ( [objectID] => 5686 [title] => Seven Dates With Death [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/seven-dates-with-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Louisiana in the late 50s, Moreese Bickham, who was the oldest living survivor of death row, killed two members of the Ku Klux Klan to save his own life. He was sentenced to death and believes he was lucky enough to even have a trial as a black man in the south. Due to mental toughness, a timely supreme court decision, and a lot of hope, Bickham survived his death sentence. Whether he knew it or not, after that day, his life was not going to get any easier [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://vimeo.com/345073847 ) [1645] => Array ( [objectID] => 5687 [title] => Who Are We Hanging? [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/who-are-we-hanging/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The index, created by Justic Project Pakistan, gives statistical information on the use of the death penalty in Pakistan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://data.jpp.org.pk/ ) [1646] => Array ( [objectID] => 5688 [title] => Mapping the Fate of the Dead (Killings and Burials in North Korea) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mapping-the-fate-of-the-dead-killings-and-burials-in-north-korea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Transitional Justice Working Group’s 2019 report “Mapping the Fate of the Dead: Killings and Burials in North Korea” is based on four years of research(2015-2019) to document and map three types of locations connected to human rights violations in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea): [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://en.tjwg.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2019-Report-Mapping-the-Fate-of-the-Dead-Killings-and-Burials-in-North-Korea.pdf ) [1647] => Array ( [objectID] => 5690 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 25- June 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-25-june-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign as of 20 June 2019. This update gives information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate-June2019-EN-1.pdf ) [1648] => Array ( [objectID] => 5694 [title] => Facts and Figures 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and figures from Amnesty International's 2019 report on death sentences and executions in 2018 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019FactsFigures_EN-1.pdf ) [1649] => Array ( [objectID] => 5698 [title] => The Egypt Death Penalty Index [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-egypt-death-penalty-index/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Egypt Death Penalty Index is a joint initiative of Reprieve and the Daftar Ahwal Data Research Center. The Index tracks Egypt's use of capital punishment between 25 Janurary 2011 and 23 Septembrer 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://egyptdeathpenaltyindex.com/ ) [1650] => Array ( [objectID] => 5699 [title] => Does the death penalty give victims closure? Science says no [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/does-the-death-penalty-give-victims-closure-science-says-no/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article deals with one of the main arguments of defenders of the capital sentence: is the death penalty a source of relief for the victims? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.sanluisobispo.com/living/family/linda-lewis-griffith/article230010544.html ) [1651] => Array ( [objectID] => 5700 [title] => Trial by fire [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/trial-by-fire/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Trial by Fire is the true-life Texas story of the unlikely bond between an imprisoned death row inmate (Jack O'Connell) and a mother of two from Houston (Laura Dern) who, though facing staggering odds, fights mightily for his freedom. Cameron Todd Willingham, a poor, uneducated heavy metal devotee with a violent streak and a criminal record, is convicted of arson-related triple homicide in 1992. During his 12 years on death row, Elizabeth Gilbert, an improbable ally, uncovers questionable methods and illogical conclusions in his case, and battles with the state to expose suppressed evidence that could save him. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.trialbyfirethefilm.com/ ) [1652] => Array ( [objectID] => 5701 [title] => The Pakistan Capital Punishment Study. A Study of the Capital Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Pakistan [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-pakistan-capital-punishment-study-a-study-of-the-capital-jurisprudence-of-the-supreme-court-of-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Pakistan Capital Punishment Study is the result of a two-year long research and analysis project undertaken by lawyers and academics at the Foundation for Fundamental Rights (‘FFR’) in Pakistan and international legal non-profit organization, Reprieve. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pakistan-Capital-Punishment-Study.pdf ) [1653] => Array ( [objectID] => 5702 [title] => Drug-related Offences, Criminal Justice Responses and the Use of the Death Penalty in South-East Asia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/drug-related-offences-criminal-justice-responses-and-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-south-east-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Most of the world’s countries or territories have either abolished the death penalty or no longer use it. More than half of those that retain the death penalty, of which many are in South-East Asia, do so for drug-related offences. Most prisoners on death row in South-East Asia have been convicted of drug-related offences, although law and practice vary considerably among countries that retain the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://bangkok.ohchr.org/Documents/DrugRelatedOffences2018.pdf ) [1654] => Array ( [objectID] => 5703 [title] => Mass Injustice: Statistical Findings on the Death Penalty in Egypt [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mass-injustice-statistical-findings-on-the-death-penalty-in-egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, Mass Injustice, presents the Egypt Death Penalty Index (“the Index”), a first-of-its-kind website and statisticaldatabase on Egypt’s application of thedeath penalty. The report provides background information on Egypt’s growing unlawful application of the death penalty, and explains how the Index was compiled. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://egyptdeathpenaltyindex.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2019_05_09_PUB-EGY-Egypt-data-report-Mass-Injustice-WEB-version.pdf ) [1655] => Array ( [objectID] => 5705 [title] => Executions of juveniles since 1990 (as of April 2019) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executions-of-juveniles-since-1990-as-of-april-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty for crimes committed by people younger than 18 is prohibited under international human rights law, yet some countries still execute child offenders. Since 1990 Amnesty International has documented 145 executions of child offenders in 10 countries: China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Sudan, Sudan, the USA and Yemen. This is the most up to date version of this document. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/0233/2019/en/ ) [1656] => Array ( [objectID] => 5706 [title] => The Death Penalty Project: 2018 Report [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-project-2018-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project publishes its 2018 annual report. It provides testimonies, figures and a look on the actions accomplished in favour of the human rights worlwide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/DPP-Annual-report-2018.pdf ) [1657] => Array ( [objectID] => 5707 [title] => The importance of raising awareness among ambassadors to the African Union on the draft African Protocol on abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-importance-of-raising-awareness-among-ambassadors-to-the-african-union-on-the-draft-african-protocol-on-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FIACAT press release about the awareness raising workshop for permanent representatives to the African Union. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.fiacat.org/attachments/article/2740/201904%20CP%20awareness%20on%20the%20draft%20African%20Protocol%20on%20abolition.pdf ) [1658] => Array ( [objectID] => 5708 [title] => Death Sentences and Executions 2018 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International's annual report on the use of the death penalty in the world [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/9870/2019/en/ ) [1659] => Array ( [objectID] => 5709 [title] => Responsible Business Engagement on the Death Penalty. A Practical Guide [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/responsible-business-engagement-on-the-death-penalty-a-practical-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Business engagement in the death penalty is critical because of the impact it can have. Putsimply: the power is in your hands. If your business is looking for a human rights issue whereit can achieve measurable change, advocacy on the death penalty must be considered.Global support for the death penalty is declining. Meanwhile, competition for investment isfierce. Governments and the public at large care more about job creation and a healthy economythan a system of executions. Therefore, the voices of businesses and business leaders havea huge role to play in shaping public dialogue about whether to keep – or end – the use ofcapital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5aad31b0e17ba3b8d97c0b87/t/5c7501070d92970b2d61b46d/1551171848746/RBI_Practical+Guide.pdf ) [1660] => Array ( [objectID] => 5710 [title] => Stolen Youth. Juvenils, mass trials and the death penalty in Egypt [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stolen-youth-juvenils-mass-trials-and-the-death-penalty-in-egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Stolen-Youth-Juveniles-mass-trials-and-the-death-penalty-in-Egypt-.pdf ) [1661] => Array ( [objectID] => 5711 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: The Impact on Women [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-the-impact-on-women/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/03/12/death-penalty-impact-women.pdf ) [1662] => Array ( [objectID] => 5712 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Foreign Nationals [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-foreign-nationals/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/03/12/death-penalty-foreign-nationals.pdf ) [1663] => Array ( [objectID] => 5713 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Conditions of Detention on Death Row [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-conditions-of-detention-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Conditions of Detention on Death Row [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/03/12/death-row-conditions-2018.pdf ) [1664] => Array ( [objectID] => 5715 [title] => Unsafe convictions in capital cases in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unsafe-convictions-in-capital-cases-in-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Taiwan-Unsafe-Convictions-Report-FINAL_Printed.pdf ) [1665] => Array ( [objectID] => 5716 [title] => Call by the NHRIs to Strengthen and Broaden the Fight Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-by-the-nhris-to-strengthen-and-broaden-the-fight-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call by the NHRIs to Strengthen and Broaden the Fight Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://congres.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/7thWC-joint-statement-NHRI.pdf ) [1666] => Array ( [objectID] => 5717 [title] => Concluding Talking Ponts on behalf of Parliamentarians and PGA, Attending the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/concluding-talking-ponts-on-behalf-of-parliamentarians-and-pga-attending-the-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Concluding Talking Ponts on behalf of Parliamentarians and PGA, Atteding the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://congres.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/7eWC-joint-statement-parliamentarians.pdf ) [1667] => Array ( [objectID] => 5718 [title] => Joint Statement of UN Independent Experts [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-statement-of-un-independent-experts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joint statement of UN Independent Experts: Agnès Callamard, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Michel Forst, Nils Melzer, Anaïs Marin, Philip Alston, E. Tendayi Achium, Dainius Puras, Ahmed Shaheed, Javaid Rehman, Yuval Shany. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [1668] => Array ( [objectID] => 5719 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2018 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since its first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This eighth report on the subject, continues its work of providing regular updates on legislative and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/02/22/HRI_DeathPenaltyReport_2019.pdf ) [1669] => Array ( [objectID] => 5720 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2018 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides an assessment and analysis of death penalty trends in 2018 in the Is-lamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2018, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2019-GB-BD.pdf ) [1670] => Array ( [objectID] => 5721 [title] => Protection of the Rights of Children of Parents Sentenced to Death or Exectued: An Expert Legal Analysis [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/protection-of-the-rights-of-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death-or-exectued-an-expert-legal-analysis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The QUNO's report offers an updated review of differents elements of international law on the human rights of the child. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/QUNO%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20CPDSE_An%20Expert%20Legal%20Analysis.pdf ) [1671] => Array ( [objectID] => 5722 [title] => The Deprived: Innocent On Death Row [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-deprived-innocent-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The book describes how thousands of Americans are convicted of crimes they never committed. Many of them end up on death row where inmates have been executed despite their innocence. ‘The Deprived' is based on interviews with 10 Americans who have all been affected by wrongful convictions and the death penalty. The book also describes what leads to wrongful convictions in America and who’s most likely to be convicted of a crime they never committed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Deprived-Innocent-Death-Row/dp/154395507X ) [1672] => Array ( [objectID] => 5723 [title] => Declaration on Malaysia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/declaration-on-malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Declaration on Malaysia adopted by acclamation in Brussels on 1st March 2019 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7congress-DeclarationMalaysia-EN-1.pdf ) [1673] => Array ( [objectID] => 5727 [title] => Death Penalty in India: 2018 Annual Statistics Report [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-2018-annual-statistics-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The number of death sentences reached a new peak in 2018 in India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/5c5020c003ce6447fb54cb66/1548755150348/Project+39A+Annual+Statistics.pdf ) [1674] => Array ( [objectID] => 5728 [title] => 2018 Death Penalty report: Saudi Arabia’s False Promise [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2018-death-penalty-report-saudi-arabias-false-promise/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The European Saudi organisation for Humans Rights published its 2018 report on the use of the death penalty in the Saudi Kingdom. It points an authoriatiran drift within the increase of the political use of the capital sentence against activists, women and clerics. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/en/?p=2090 ) [1675] => Array ( [objectID] => 5892 [title] => High-level Panel Discussion on the Question of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 30/5. It provides a summary of the high-level discussion on the question of the death penalty held on 1 March 2017 at the thirty-fourth session of the Council. The objective of the panel discussion was to continue the exchange of views on the question of the death penalty and to address violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/36/27 ) [1676] => Array ( [objectID] => 6041 [title] => High-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Report of the UN Hugh Commissioner for human Rights provides a summary of the high-level discussion on the question of the death penalty, held on 4 March 2015, at the twenty-fifth session of the Council. The aim of the panel discussion was to exchange views on the question of the death penalty, and to address regional efforts aiming at the abolition of the death penalty and the challenges faced in that regard. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_21_ENG.docx ) [1677] => Array ( [objectID] => 7570 [title] => In Their Own Words [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-their-own-words/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A tool with testimonies of children with a parent on death row, compiled by the World Coalition thanks to its member organizations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Temoignages_EN-1.pdf ) [1678] => Array ( [objectID] => 4327 [title] => 10 years with no hanging in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1545177600 [date] => 19/12/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/10-years-with-no-hanging-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/97cb65bbd279052c5996a83f9c4001cc_2-1-500x500.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) notes that 19 December, 2018 marks the 10th anniversary of the hanging of Charles la Place in St Kitts and Nevis. He was the last person who was hanged in the English-speaking Caribbean. [texte] => The longest period of time that has expired since someone was hanged in the English-speaking Caribbean was 40 years ago - in Grenada – and see: Barbados in 1984, Belize in 1985; Dominica in 1986, Jamaica in 1988, Antigua and Barbuda in 1991, St Vincent and the Grenadines in 1995, St Lucia: in 1995, Guyana in 1997, Trinidad and Tobago in 1999, and the Bahamas in 2000.GCL calls on our leaders in the region to accept that the restrictions placed by the ruling of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in the 1993 case of Pratt and Morgan v Attorney-General of Jamaica and by subsequent JCPC rulings, make it extremely difficult for death sentences to be carried out in our region.In the Pratt and Morgan case, the JCPC ruled that in any case where the execution of a person is to take place more than five years after sentencing, there would be strong grounds for believing that the delay is such as to constitute “inhumane or degrading punishment or other treatment”. In such cases the death penalty should be commuted to life imprisonment.To date 142 countries – more than two thirds of the world’s countries - have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Since the trend is to move away from the death penalty, we believe that it is time that our leaders and our people devote our energies to act on the recommendations contained in the 2012 UNDP Report entitled Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security. The report reviews the state of crime, as well as the national and regional policies and programmes to address crime in seven English and Dutch-speaking Caribbean countries, including T&T. A key recommendation is that our Governments should seek to get “a better balance between legitimate law enforcement and preventive measures, with a stronger focus on prevention rather than repressive only measures”.The UNDP report highlights “the need to beef up the public institutions’ capacity to tackle crime and violence – including the criminal justice system – while boosting preventive measures. It contains recommendations to: prevent youth crime involvement by offering education and employment opportunities, especially to the marginalised urban poor; shift from a State protection approach to one focusing on citizen security and participation; and promote a law enforcement that is fair, accountable and more respectful of human rights”.Here in TT, GCL urges citizens to reach out in compassion and love to the victims of the 500 or more persons who have lost their lives this year through violent crime. Parishes/communities should establish victim support groups and seek to meet their needs. If we are serious about making a “dent” in crime, we need to spend more than 15 cents in the dollar on crime prevention. The time has come for courageous leadership in our region. The US Bishops were right when they said that: “The death penalty offers the tragic illusion that we can defend life by taking life.” Peace and non-violence will not become a reality if we keep baying for blood. Let’s end the death penalty in our region and strive to stop crime, not lives! Let’s become a people of and for life. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1679] => Array ( [objectID] => 4328 [title] => Death penalty: Global abolition closer than ever as record number of countries vote to end executions [timestamp] => 1545004800 [date] => 17/12/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-global-abolition-closer-than-ever-as-record-number-of-countries-vote-to-end-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d260465d8b8b61441edf9f428ae35f58_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A record number of States - 121 out of 193 member states - voted in favour of a moratorium on the death penalty at the United Nations General Assembly on December the 17th. A world without the death penalty may become a reality according to Chiara Sangiorgio, Amnesty International's Death Penalty Expert. [texte] => After a record number of UN member states today supported at the final vote a key UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty, Amnesty International’s Death Penalty Expert Chiara Sangiorgio said: “The fact that more countries than ever before have voted to end executions shows that global abolition of the death penalty is becoming an inevitable reality. A death penalty-free world is closer than ever. “This vote sends yet another important signal that more and more countries are willing to take steps to end this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment once and for all. “The result also shows the increasing isolation of the 35 countries that voted against the resolution. Those countries still retaining the death penalty should immediately establish a moratorium on executions as a first step towards full abolition.”Background121 of the UN’s 193 member states voted in favour of the seventh resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty at the UNGA plenary session in New York, while 35 voted against and 32 abstained. 117 had done so in December 2016. This resolution was proposed by Brazil on behalf of an Inter-Regional Task Force of member states and co-sponsored by 83 states.For the first time, Dominica, Libya, Malaysia and Pakistan changed their vote to support the resolution, while Antigua and Barbuda, Guyana and South Sudan moved from opposition to abstention. Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Mauritius, Niger, and Rwanda once again voted in favour of the call for a moratorium on executions, having not done so in 2016.Five countries reversed their 2016 votes, with Nauru moving from vote in favour to vote against and Bahrain and Zimbabwe switching from abstention to opposition. Congo and Guinea changed from voting in favour to abstention.When the UN was founded in 1945 only eight of the then 51 UN member states had abolished the death penalty. Today, 103 of 193 member states have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, and 139 have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. In 2017 executions were reported in 22 UN member states, 11% of the total. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1680] => Array ( [objectID] => 18726 [title] => Fourteen Days in May [timestamp] => 1543536000 [date] => 30/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fourteen-days-in-may/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Fourteen Days in May is a documentary directed by Paul Hamann. The program recounts the final days before the execution of Edward Earl Johnson, an American prisoner convicted of rape and murder.The documentary crew, given access to the prison warden, guards and chaplain and to Johnson and his family, filmed the last days of Johnson's life in detail. The documentary argues against the death penalty and maintains that capital punishment is disproportionately applied to African-Americans convicted of crimes against whites. The programme features attorney Clive Stafford Smith, an advocate against capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty [1] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcvNce3dbKo ) [1681] => Array ( [objectID] => 4329 [title] => No mention of death row prisoners in Mandela rules [timestamp] => 1543536000 [date] => 30/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-mention-of-death-row-prisoners-in-mandela-rules/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/38aa17510a075b710a2b2828a7e94f12_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 2018 is an opportunity to question the effectiveness of civil and political rights, but also economic, social and cultural rights, in the context of an increasingly globalized world that ostracizes, excludes, sentences to death and continues to execute. [texte] => Chosen as the theme of the World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2018, living conditions on death row are subjected to general standards in line with those of people deprived of their liberty, as enshrined in a series of treaties and reference guidelines: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Convention against Torture, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Articles 4, 5 and 6), African Charter on Human Rights and Child Welfare, Robben Island Guidelines, the 1955 Mandela Rules (revised in 2015), complemented by the Beijing Rules on Minors Deprived of their Liberty and the Bangkok Rules on Women Deprived of their Liberty.In this context, this 70th anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights is also an opportunity to question ourselves on the need to strengthen existing international standards on living conditions on death row.Living conditions on death row: a general protection and missed opportunitiesWhile there are many legal norms guaranteeing general protection for detainees - and therefore for those sentenced to death - there are no legal provisions guaranteeing specific protection for prisoners sentenced to death, even though there are certain vulnerabilities for which international human rights law remains silent to this date.Unfortunately, the review of the Mandela rules in 2015 did not include specific final provisions for living conditions of death row inmates, while additional standards for minors and women deprived of their liberty exist. In addition, the European Union guidelines on torture and the death penalty do not address the issue of living conditions of death row inmates at all, whereas the European Union's Action Plan on Human Rights (2015-2019) includes in point 13(a) the need to work towards minimum standards.Another disappointing event was the very recent revision and adoption of General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Right to Life by the United Nations on 30 October, which remains completely silent on the issue of living conditions on death row.Lack of grounding in international human rights lawThe legal vacuum is only rarely in favour of the most vulnerable rights holders, such as the incarcerated and the sentenced to death. For example, there is no specific definition of "death row" and "prison isolation", which affect a significant proportion of people on death row around the world (over 20 000 people now, according to official statistics).Living conditions on death row vary dramatically from one continent to another. In some countries, they are held in separate prison blocks; in other countries, prisoners sentenced to death are kept with the general prison population. In both cases, their needs are intricately linked to their sentence and are not taken into consideration. Death row forces isolation upon prisoners and presents it as an administrative and non-disciplinary measure. However, isolation very often amounts to real torture, and endless, since good conduct provides no means of escape. People sentenced to death held with the general population are easy targets because they are doomed to die; as a result, authorities pay little attention to their future or their daily lives. If the sentence is imminent death, it cannot lead to degrading treatment or daily torture, hence the need to regulate the living conditions on death row.Food for thoughtLiving conditions on death row are particularly difficult in many aspects of deprivation of liberty. The following points should be enshrined as minimal legal guarantees, in the name of human dignity:• Access to the outside world (family, lawyers, diplomatic or consular representation), with increased vulnerability for women and minors. The challenge is to maintain the social fabric. Some prisons holding death row prisoners are located hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the cities, which is likely to undermine the prisoners' links with family or loved ones.• Access to health care, medical staff and specific care (particularly psychological care). In many prison systems, the death sentence is an aggravates the denial of general access to health care. An organization defending the rights of death row inmates in Pakistan (particularly in the Punjab region) reports weekly deaths in custody due to poor sanitary conditions, including regular deaths of people on death row.Next, specific training of prison officer on health issues and the "death row syndrome" should be addressed in a specific recommendation or rule.• Access to the courtyard and to outdoor areas: the minimum standard is one hour a day; however, many death row prisoners are granted access to an indoor courtyard and remain deprived of fresh air.• Access to free and quality legal aid for appeal proceedings, with automatic access to an interpreter if necessary.• Access to education and physical activities. For example, in Malawi, women sentenced to death can participate in gardening. In Burkina Faso, women prisoners, including those sentenced to death, can read what they want, which is not the case in all prison systems.• The issue of the remains and personal belongings of those sentenced to death. International standards are far from explicit on this subject. In order to be able to grieve, like the families of victims of forced disappearances who have later been found, families should be able to recover the body of the executed individual, all his or her personal belongings, in order to hold proper funeral rites.• Internal or external inspections of living conditions on death row should lead to regular visits and reports. Unfortunately, the issue isn't mentioned in the current iteration of international standards.• The issue of being part of a minority group: in a number of States where the death penalty is applied, being a minority (e. g. Afghans or Ahwaz Arabs in Iran) is an aggravating factor similarly to other factors such as poverty or level of education. The same applies to the issue of sexual orientation and gender identity. In this context, Mandela rules are not sufficiently inclusive and precise regarding the need for non-discrimination, which transcends all treaties on the protection of human rights.• The issue of the media. This refers to raising awareness of living conditions on death row and soliciting actors to develop research on these aspects, in the spirit of rule 70 of the 2011 Bangkok Rules on Women Deprived of Liberty.ConclusionThe purpose of this first article was shed light the very obvious shortcomings of international human rights law regarding the specific protection of death row prisoners around the world. International human rights law is to be strengthened and discussed in terms of experiences, good practices and jurisprudence at the regional and national levels.That is why Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme will organise a side event on 26 February in Brussels, prior to the opening of the World Congress against the Death Penalty: it will be the first of many workshops on the development and drafting of standards specific to living conditions on death row. We hope to see you all in Brussels!For more information on the side event, please contact Nordine Drici (nordinedrici@hotmail.fr) and Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner (sandrine.ageorges@gmail.com). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1682] => Array ( [objectID] => 4330 [title] => Death penalty is torture, says expert [timestamp] => 1543449600 [date] => 29/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-is-torture-says-expert/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dc22950543ce2694e681c230fa8735bb_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => In celebration of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights' 70th anniversary, the 20th EU-NGO Forum was held in Brussels on 21-22 November 2018, during which a session on "International Actions against Death Penalty and Torture" took place. World Coalition Director Aurélie Plaçais was invited to participate in the panel discussion, alongside representatives from Coalition member organizations ECPM and FIACAT. [texte] => After all the presentations and discussions, it became clear that torture and the death penalty are intimately linked. Beyond the emotional side of it, i.e. the horrific situation one is faced with when sentenced to death and sent to death row, it has been proven that the practice of the death penalty is akin to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment: whether it be the methods of execution, the living conditions of detainees or the death row syndrome which is a form of psychological torture for the condemned, their families and/or loved ones.Professor Manfred Nowak was the first UN Special Rapporteur to work on the intricate connections between the absolute prohibition of torture and the abolition of the death penalty. Although opposition of the international community was very strong at the time, his successor Juan Mendes continued his research with great success and came to the conclusion that an international law custom was being established: one that considers that the application of the death penalty amounts to an act of torture in all circumstances.The death penalty is a form of tortureThe link between torture and the death penalty is particularly obvious when considering the living conditions on death row: insufficient access to food or medical care, isolation, the restricted amount of visits and support from family and relatives. This link becomes even more apparent when looking at the situation of convicted women, and was the primary inspiration for this year's World Day, which focused on "Living conditions on death row".When taking the floor during the discussion, the NGO SUARAM related the account of a convicted man that summed it up very well: "During the 18 years I’ve spent in prison, waiting to be executed, I have only been visited by a judge 4 times!"In Chad, ACAT Chad recalled that with the adoption of a special anti-terrorist law (of which there is no real definition since some people are sentenced to death for ordinary crimes), convicted individuals are detained in the DST’s premises, deprived of access to either their families or their lawyers, cut off from the world, making it impossible for civil society to document their living conditions. Similarly, suspected terrorists are detained in a prison more than 1000 km from their court of jurisdiction, rendering credible investigations and a fair trials simply impossible.Limiting exports of products used by practitioners of torture and death penaltyIt was also reminded that some methods of execution may constitute acts of torture. It is for this reason that, in 2015, the European Union revised its Directive on the prohibition of the export of goods that could be used in acts of torture to include products used for lethal injections.Commissioner Malmstrom started the Global Alliance for Torture Free Trade in 2017 in parallel of the UNGA to encourage States to commit to greater control and limitation of the export of goods and products that could be used for torture or the death penalty. This alliance now includes 65 UN Member States and could eventually lead to the adoption of a legally binding convention: although it would not end torture nor the death penalty, it would make it more difficult for those who practice torture. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1683] => Array ( [objectID] => 4331 [title] => 3+4: Death Penalty Cases Now Jury Cases [timestamp] => 1542931200 [date] => 23/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/34-death-penalty-cases-now-jury-cases/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0cb84f1ae4813558f59975e8c8f8a295_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => On 24 April 2018, ‘The People’s Jury Law’ established a new judicial framework to deal with serious criminal cases, including death penalty cases. As of its enactment, death penalty cases in China are now jury cases. [texte] => A man by the name if Liu Chunlu started a fire inside a KTV bar back in April 2018, following an altercation he had with a waitress and, on a separate occasion, with another KTV patron.He was arrested the next day, and a few days later, ‘The People’s Jury Law’ was enacted, providing a new system to make rulings on severe criminal charges, including those punishable by the death penalty.On 11 September 2018, Liu was sentenced to death by a Guangdong court, making him the first man to be charged with capital punishment under the new law, which establishes a system dubbed “3+4”, standing for the requirement of having 3 judges and 4 jurors in rulings for cases listed in the bill.Article 17 stipulates that this system is to be applied for cases involving “prison sentences of 10 years or more, life sentences, death sentences and sentences for crimes with a big impact on society”.Interestingly, the previous draft incarnation of the law solely included cases involving “prison sentences of 10 years or more”, with death penalty cases being added prior to its official implementation.According to a law professor from the Shanghai Administration Institute, this move reflects the authorities’ intent to treat death penalty cases with a higher degree of caution and ensure the proper application of the law.Since then, a quota of 3 times the number of judges per court has been issued, which is to be submitted to the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress.Many big cities and provinces have subsequently turned to State media such as Xinhua and People’s Daily to announce their courts’ individual number of required jurors.China is famous for shrouding its use of the death penalty in secrecy, and although public opinion towards capital punishment is difficult to evaluate, the involvement of jurors in death penalty cases will undeniably affect the Chinese people’s stance towards the death penalty.In early November, China underwent the Universal Periodic Review at the UN, which saw a number of countries recommending that China ratifies the Second Optional Protocol, reduces the scope of the death penalty and, more generally, work towards the complete abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1684] => Array ( [objectID] => 26380 [title] => Behind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1542672000 [date] => 20/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/behind-the-curtain-secrecy-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report published by the Death Penalty Information Center on secrecy and the death penalty in the United States. This report documents the laws and policies that states have adopted to make information about executions inaccessible to the public, to pharmaceutical companies, and to condemned prisoners. It describes the dubious methods states have used to obtain drugs, the inadequate qualifications of members of the execution team, and the significant restrictions on witnesses’ ability to observe how executions are carried out. It summarizes the various drug combinations that have been used, with particular focus on the problems with the drug midazolam, and provides a state-by-state record of problems in recent executions. It explains how government policies that lack transparency and accountability permit states to violate the law and disregard fundamental principles of a democratic government while carrying out the harshest punishment the law allows. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:SearchSearchDeath Penalty Information CenterAboutFor the MediaResourcesFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateEmailTwitterFacebookInstagramLinkedInHomePolicy IssuesFacts & ResearchExecutionsDeath RowState & Federal InfoFacebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailBehind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United StatesPosted on Nov 20, 2018Lethal InjectionRead the Full ReportExecutive Summary Additional InformationExecutive SummaryUpDuring the past seven years, states have begun conducting executions with drugs and drug combinations that have never been tried before. They have done so behind an expanding veil of secrecy laws that shield the execution process from public scrutiny.As pharmaceutical companies have taken action to prevent states from using their medicines to execute prisoners, states have responded by procuring whatever drugs seem available and obtaining them secretly through questionable means.Since January 2011, legislatures in thirteen states have enacted new secrecy statutes that conceal vital information about the execution process. Of the seventeen states that have carried out 246 lethal-injection executions between January 1, 2011 and August 31, 2018, all withheld at least some information about the about the execution process. All but one withheld information about the source of their execution drugs. Fourteen states prevented witnesses from seeing at least some part of the execution. Fifteen prevented witnesses from hearing what was happening inside the execution chamber. None of the seventeen allowed witnesses to know when each of the drugs was administered.This retreat into secrecy has occurred at the same time that states have conducted some of the most problematic executions in American history. Lethal injection was supposed to be a more humane method of execution than hanging, the firing squad, or the electric chair, but there have been frequent reports of prisoners who were still awake and apparently experiencing suffocation and excruciating pain after they were supposed to be insensate. These problems have intensified with the use of new drug formulas, often including midazolam. In 2017, more than 60% of the executions carried out with midazolam produced eyewitness reports of an execution gone amiss, with problems ranging from labored breathing to gasping, heaving, writhing, and clenched fists. In several of these cases, state officials denied that the execution was problematic, asserting that all had proceeded according to protocol. But without access to information about drugs and the execution process, there is no way the public can judge for itself.Disturbing stories of botched executions are just one sign of the need for public scrutiny of lethal injection. Investigators who have managed to uncover hidden information have found evidence of illegal actions, misrepresentations to the courts and the public, and incompetence in the conduct of executions. States have repeatedly tried to conceal controversial information about executions, including the use of illegally imported drugs, less than reputable drug sources, and unqualified executioners. Without transparency, cases of incompetence or misconduct can continue unchecked.Governmental transparency is fundamental to democracy. The public has a right to know how its government is carrying out its business and whether the government is working honestly and competently, by and for the People. The Eighth Amendment requires that punishments imposed by the government conform to public standards of decency, but this is impossible to determine if crucial information about a punishment is kept from the public.Secrecy increases the risk of problems. It results in more botched and potentially problematic executions. Prisoners have a right to information about the execution process so that they can raise legitimate challenges to execution methods that may subject them to excruciating pain. Without this information, prisoners cannot meet the high burden of proof the courts have set out for challenging executions.This report documents the laws and policies that states have adopted to make information about executions inaccessible to the public, to pharmaceutical companies, and to condemned prisoners. It describes the dubious methods states have used to obtain drugs, the inadequate qualifications of members of the execution team, and the significant restrictions on witnesses’ ability to observe how executions are carried out. It summarizes the various drug combinations that have been used, with particular focus on the problems with the drug midazolam, and provides a state-by-state record of problems in recent executions. It explains how government policies that lack transparency and accountability permit states to violate the law and disregard fundamental principles of a democratic government while carrying out the harshest punishment the law allows.Additional InformationUpView DPIC’s Press Release for Behind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United StatesTAGS SecrecyJoin our mailing listEnter your email addressDeath Penalty Information CenterEmail Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedInPolicy IssuesArbitrarinessCostsDeterrenceInnocenceIntellectual DisabilityInternationalJuvenilesLGBTQ+ PeopleMental IllnessProsecutorial AccountabilityRaceRepresentationSentencing AlternativesVictims' FamiliesFacts & ResearchFact SheetDeath Penalty CensusClemencyCrimes Punishable by DeathDPIC ReportsHistory of the Death PenaltyInnocence DatabaseMurder RatesPublic OpinionRecent Legislative ActivityReligionSentencing DataStudent Research CenterUnited States Supreme CourtExecutionsExecutions OverviewUpcoming ExecutionsExecution DatabaseMethods of ExecutionBotched ExecutionsLethal InjectionDeath RowDeath Row OverviewConditions on Death RowForeign NationalsNative AmericansTime on Death RowWomenState & Federal InfoState by StateFederal Death PenaltyMilitaryAboutAbout UsStaff & Board of DirectorsDPI in the MediaDPI TestimonyPress ReleasesWork for DPIFor the MediaResourcesRelated WebsitesPublications & TestimonyDPI PodcastsDPIC ReportsNew VoicesEn EspañolFor EducatorsHigh School CurriculumTeacher's GuideCollege CurriculumFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW, Suite 750 | Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2024 Death Penalty Information CenterTweetFacebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/in-depth/behind-the-curtain-secrecy-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states ) [1685] => Array ( [objectID] => 4332 [title] => NGO Forum & The ACHPR: A broad overview of African prisons amidst tensions [timestamp] => 1542326400 [date] => 16/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ngo-forum-the-achpr-a-broad-overview-of-african-prisons-amidst-tensions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3c9b4657b3df3d50bfda9281a13c1132_2-1.jpg [extrait] => The NGO Forum, preceding the ACHPR session, was held from 20 to 23 October 2018, with “The Fight against Corruption” as its main topic. [texte] => Addressing living conditions on death rowIn the wake of the World Day against the Death Penalty, living conditions on death row in sub-Saharan Africa was at the heart of discussions during a side event organized by the World Coalition, FIACAT and FIDH.Members of the panel included Connie Numbi (FHRI, Uganda), Nestor Toko (Rights and Peace, Cameroon) and Jessica Corredor (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty). Moderation was provided by Mabassa Fall, FIDH representative to the African Union. The speakers presented the situation regarding the death penalty in their respective countries, with an emphasis on living conditions on death row.The FHRI representative explained that "Uganda has 28 offences that carry the death penalty. This is the highest number of offences punishable by the death penalty in the East African region." However, Uganda has not executed any prisoners since 2005 and the death row population has decreased significantly since the Susan Kigula ruling, which resulted in the abolition of the mandatory death penalty.Despite positive progress and efforts by the Ugandan prison administration, living conditions in Ugandan prisons still do not meet international standards. According to Connie Numbi, "the main problem detainees have to face is waiting. A poor person can wait up to 10 years before a court-appointed lawyer actually accepts his case." In addition to the waiting, there are also issues related to the clearly insufficient hygiene and medical services. Ms Numbi said that "most death row inmates are over 50 years old. They are vulnerable to diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Purchasing drugs is almost impossible and the government can only provide them to a certain extent. There is an inmate who is forced to wear diapers because of his diabetes, and he suffers because the government only provides them from time to time.”She nonetheless highlighted the government's efforts in terms of education and rehabilitation activities. Many female prisoners, illiterate before they entered prison, were able to learn how to read and write. Some, such as Susan Kigula or Paul Kakubi, have received scholarships from international organizations to study law.In Cameroon’s case, Mr. Toko gave the preliminary results of a death row investigation in Cameroon conducted by his organization in partnership with Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM). The picture painted by Maitre Toko of the 5 prisons they investigated is rather grim: hygiene-related problems are numerous and, like those sentenced to death in Uganda, prisoners receive inadequate medical attention.In addition to frequent problems with many prisons on the African continent, there is also the issue of prisoners convicted of terrorism, particularly in Maroua prison in northern Cameroon. The representative of Rights & Peace reported on the many abuses commited by prison staff, not only against detainees but also their families. "Especially for those sentenced to death for acts of terrorism, their visitors are intimidated and scammed by the Maroua prison staff. And even if visitors have received proper authorization, access to the prison is only granted after prolonged interrogations and systematic frisking. In addition, those sentenced to death for terrorist acts - mostly foreigners – get very few visits. Their families, for fear of being arrested for complicity in terrorism (and therefore suffering the same fate as their loved one) do not go to prison.Finally, the representative for the World Coalition expressed her concern about the situation of women sentenced to death, due to the many problems faced specifically by women. She then invited participants to read the report on the subject published by the Cornell University Center on the Death Penalty and the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The audience then took the floor to ask various questions about the death penalty on the African continent and living conditions in prisons, but also to discuss the situation surrounding the death penalty in their respective countries: Algeria, DRC, Liberia, Kenya, Sudan and Tanzania.Mr. Mabassa Fall, FIDH representative to the African Union, concluded the session by recalling that the role of civil society is to educate and raise awareness, accompanying governments on the path to abolition. He also stressed the importance of advocating for the adoption of the Protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty by the African Union.Corruption and judicial failuresAs in every NGO Forum preceding the ACHPR, the death penalty was discussed during the "Special Interest Groups" discussions, this time through the prism of the fight against corruption. Comprising representatives from Algeria, Togo, Cameroon, Kenya, Uganda, Mauritania and Uganda, the group was to address the impact of corruption on the application of the death penalty and subsequently issue recommendations.Participants noted the direct impact of corruption on the death penalty, particularly when the judiciary is subservient to the executive branch. Indeed, some political powers can use justice to silence any dissenting voices.In addition, most people facing the death penalty live in poverty and therefore cannot afford a competent lawyer. As a result, they are sentenced to the death penalty whereas the State should have guaranteed the right to legal representation via legal aid.Corruption also has a negative impact on prison conditions, particularly when prison budgets are diverted and the State is no longer able to meet its basic obligations, particularly in terms of food and health care.To this regard, the group made three main recommendations: promoting legislative reforms to bring justice closer to the people, increasing the capacities of judicial actors and civil society in the field of corruption and strengthening the independence of the judicial system.The 63rd session of the ACHPR in a context of threats to its independenceThe 63rd session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights took place from 24 October to 2 November. The session took place in amidst tensions between the Commission and civil society organizations due to the recent decision of the African Union to restrict the independence of the ACHPR.Indeed, in parallel of the 33rd Ordinary Session of the African Union held in Mauritania in June 2018, the Committee of Permanent Representatives of the African Union and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights participated in a joint meeting where important decisions were taken on the functioning of the ACHPR. As stated in the decision, "the Executive Council emphasizes that the independence of the ACHPR is functional in nature and is not independent of the bodies that created it, while expressing its caution about the tendency of the ACHPR to act as an appellate body, thereby undermining national legal systems". The Executive Council also decided that "the work of the ACHPR should be aligned with [...] common African ideals, the institutional reform of the Union and the decisions of its governing bodies, while considering the virtues of the historical tradition and values of African civilization that should inspire and characterize their vision of the concept of human and popular rights.”The attending civil society organizations met to launch a campaign in support of an independent ACHPR. Following this meeting, the Banjul Declaration was drafted and sent to the ACHPR. The statement is available here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1686] => Array ( [objectID] => 4333 [title] => Call for Moratorium on Executions Gains Record-High Support at Committee Vote [timestamp] => 1542326400 [date] => 16/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-moratorium-on-executions-gains-record-high-support-at-committee-vote/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fb6f2f8658a8cb74e36080d8ead9c37e_2-1-500x283.jpg [extrait] => Today the international community offered unprecedented support to a UN call to halt executions when the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly considered a draft resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => A total of 123 UN member states – the highest number on record to date – voted in favour of the proposal, mirroring recent increases in the number of countries that have abolished the death penalty in law or practice globally.A minority of countries, 36, voted against the proposal and 30 abstained at the vote. For the first time, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica and Malaysia positively changed their vote to support the resolution, while Antigua and Barbuda moved from opposition to abstention. Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Mauritius, Rwanda and Seychelles once again voted in favour of the call for a moratorium on executions, after they did not do so in 2016. Only two countries negatively changed their votes compared to December 2016, with Bahrain switching from abstention to voting against and Suriname from voting in favour to abstention.The increase in the support for the draft resolution offers yet another indication that the world’s direction on the death penalty continues to be in favour of its eventual abolition. Since the adoption of the last UNGA moratorium resolution in 2016, indefinite stays of execution were put in place in Gambia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea and several other countries have taken important steps to move in this direction. In 2017 Guinea and Mongolia each abolished the death penalty for all crimes and Guatemala became abolitionist for ordinary crimes only. Burkina Faso was the last country to have removed the death penalty from its Criminal Code last June, while Gambia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, last September. The weight of the death penalty is carried by an isolated group of countries. In 2017 executions were reported in 22 UN member states, 11% of the total. Of these executing countries, only 11, or 6%, were “persistent” executioners, meaning that they carried out executions every year in the previous five years.Community of Sant’Egidio made a table comparing the UN member states’ 2016 and 2018 vote on the moratorium: it can be accessed here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1687] => Array ( [objectID] => 4334 [title] => Washington State Abolishes Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1540512000 [date] => 26/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/washington-state-abolishes-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9f375501776c588210b4f60be46d2f33_2-1-500x312.jpg [extrait] => On 11 October 2018, Washington became the 20th US state to abolish the death penalty: the court ruling, written by Chief Justice Mary E. Fairhurst, cited the “arbitrary and racially biased manner” in which the death penalty was applied as a violation of the state’s constitutional prohibition of “cruel punishment”. [texte] => The ruling was issued in the case of Allen Gregory, an African-American man sentenced to death for rape and murder: in the process of proving the death penalty’s unconstitutionality, the court referred to a 2014 study by Prof. Katherine Beckett from the University of Washington which showed that Washington jurors are 3 times more likely to recommend capital punishment for a black defendant than for a white defendant in a similar case.This historic decision comes after governor Jay Inslee’s 2014 moratorium on all executions, and makes Washington the 8th state to abolish the death penalty in the last 20 years. The Supreme Court Justices also decided to commute the death sentences of all 8 prisoners on death row to life imprisonment without possibility of release.The successful outcome of this case could not have been achieved without the efforts of all actors involved: lawyers, researchers, abolitonist NGOs, and activists, most notably the ACLU Washington. Attorneys Lila Silverstein of the Washington Appellate Project and Neil Fox represented Allen Eugene Gregory in his appeal to the state supreme court and brought the claims of constitutional error on his behalf. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1688] => Array ( [objectID] => 4335 [title] => Gambia commits to full abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1540512000 [date] => 26/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/gambia-commits-to-full-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9ed3819831df4549176c6c3e3bdbaa3d_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => On 28 September 2018, during the UN Treaty Event in New York, Gambia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the irreversible abolition of the death penalty, alongside the Convention Against Torture. [texte] => A year prior, on 21 September 2017, Gambia had signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Convention for Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), during the 72nd General Assembly of the United Nations. Its ratification by Gambia now makes it binding, and comes after a string of execution in 2012, the first in 31st years, which brought a lot of criticism on the West African state.President Barrow stated that the ratification of the treaty was to reflect on the nation’s willingness to promote democratic values and commitment to “protect lives of political activists”. Gambia has yet to abolish the death penalty in its Criminal Code, but this is undoubtedly a huge step in the right direction.The Gambia is the 86th country to ratify this Protocol.Photo credit: Chatham House [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1689] => Array ( [objectID] => 4336 [title] => Hope resonates globally on World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1540425600 [date] => 25/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hope-resonates-globally-on-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/698d18b703d88cc4858a9b01eb5d0c8e_2-1-500x275.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2018, abolitionist forces around the world celebrated the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty in a flurry of diverse activities and events meant to raise awareness on living conditions on death row. Activists in every continent mobilized civil society, challenged governments and reached out to the general public in a collective effort to promote and advance the common goal of universal, worldwide abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => This year’s theme was as mysterious to the general public as it is poignant: although death penalty cases are often featured in the media, living conditions on death row are rarely spoken of, and for those who saw the death penalty as a quick and easy solution against the most heinous crimes in their opinion, the realization that people on death row prisoners are subjected to cruel and degrading treatment as well as intense psychological torment may change their views, even if it is just a little.The German Coalition against the Death Penalty recently published artwork by people on death row, and Abdorrahman Boroumand Center released a collection of stories from death row, a punishment that “doesn’t end at the gallows” – regardless of whether you are against the death penalty or not, these stories, and all of the events that took place on World Day, are undeniable testimonies to the unspeakable horrors of death row.ASIA: MALAYSIA’S IMPENDING ABOLITION & “NO TIME TO SLEEP”Asia undoubtedly stepped into the limelight with Malaysia’s sudden announcement of a bill to abolish the death penalty, which has already been tabled at Parliament on October 15: this move is sure to have repercussions on Malaysia’s retentionist neighbors such as Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore.On the other hand, Taiwan having recently resumed executions, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty actively commemorated this year’s World Day, organizing a commemoration event, a symposium at the National Taiwan University and an open forum featuring Saul Lehrfreund from Death Penalty Project and Shadow Brexit secretary Keir Starmer.In Pakistan, ”No Time to Sleep”, a 24-hour theater performance that was broadcast online for the world to see, received extensive media coverage, and was a resounding success: co-sponsored by Justice Project Pakistan, the play focused on the last 24 hours of ‘Prisoner Z’, showing the world the torment one goes through when waiting for one’s death.AFRICA: JOURNEY OF HOPE & EXTRAORDINARY LOCAL INITIATIVESMember organization Journey of Hope…From Violence to Healing went on a speaker’s tour around the Ugandan capital, visiting schools, appearing on local radio/TV shows and giving talks at the Ugandan Parliament and Makerere University. Journey of Hope also met with fellow World Coalition member Foundation for Human Rights Initiative at their commemoration event at Human Rights House in Nsambya: in cooperation with the EU, the latter also recorded songs written and performed by prisoners and released them on the radio and online for the world to enjoy.The MRU Youth Parliament in Sierra Leone visited the female correctional facility to document the detention experiences they face, and a two-day training session for lawyers was held in Lagos, organized by the Cornell Center and Avocats Sans Frontières. Also, a commemorative event was held at the University of Liberia, organized by the EU delegation to Liberia as well as ACAT, which featured students from the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law partaking in public debates.Niger’s civil society was particularly active this year, a symposium by the Nigerien abolitionist movement, composed of the Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty (CONICOPEM), the National Union of Training and Education Officers (SYNAFEN), ACAT Niger (Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture) and the NGO REPRODEVH-Niger brought together teachers, researchers, students, magistrates and human rights specialist to discuss living conditions of those sentenced to life imprisonment, as well as to support the draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa. Also high school students in Maradi held a public reading of Victor Hugo’s “Last Day of a Convicted Man” and university students in Niamey organized a public debate and conference at the University of Niamey (featuring slam poet Althess for an artistic expression of our abolitionist views). MIDDLE-EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: THE URGENCY OF IRANThe MENA region was also home to a lot of events this year: in Lebanon, for instance, Association Justice & Mercy organized a Sports & Arts competition at the Roumieh Prison, temporarily relieving the prisoners of the pain they are inflicted with while on death row. The Moroccan Coalition against the Death Penalty held a press conference and sit-in in front of Parliament, and in Palestine, a sit-in took place in Ramallah. A report was published by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies on military executions, and several other events also took place in Tunisia, Algeria and Bahrain.However, in light of the gravity of the situation, the Iranian civil society was arguably the most active in the region: 3 political prisoners detained in the women’s ward of Evin prison sent an open letter to the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran. Furthermore, 2,320 prisoners currently on death row in Iran signed a joint statement calling for the end of executions in Iran and denouncing their instrumentalization by the state. Radio France International also featured Mahmood Aliry-Moghaddam, co-founder of member organization Iran Human Rights, who argued against the death penalty and its alleged justification by Islamic law.The Iranian situation echoed around the world, with several reports issued on World Day.NORTH AMERICA AND CARIBBEANIn Dominica, the Bar Association organized a public speaking competition on the topic “Why should the death penalty be abolished?”, and member organization Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) presented a paper at a conference organized by the EU delegation and the High Commissioner of Australia to Trinidad & Tobago entitled "A dialogue on the death penalty in TT and the Caribbean: Moving Towards Abolition". GCL also screened the film ”The Penalty”; in cooperation RED Initiative and with the support of Amnesty International. St. Vincent & the Grenadines Human Rights Association (SVGHA) appeared in several radio broadcasts in SVG.In nearby Puerto Rico, vice-President of the Coalition Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina visited several universities to give talks and hold forums about the death penalty and living conditions on death row, most notably at Universidad del Turabo with Juan Melendez (Puerto Rican exoneree of Florida death row). Meanwhile, in Minneapolis, member organization Advocates for Life gave training for lawyers on capital punishment cases.In the UK, The Justice Institute Guyana and the Center for Small States organized a conference on “Challenging the Death Penalty in the Commonwealth Caribbean”. GCL's chair made a presentation at this conference via a video-link. at the same time, organizations in the region actively commemorated World Day as well.EUROPE: "LINDY LOU" & GARY DRINKARDIn a similar fashion, the film ”Lindy Lou, Juror #2”; (released on October 10 2018) was screened in Rhode Island and New Jersey in the US, while Lindy Lou herself accompanied by director Florent Vassault held several screenings in France, most notably at the Louxor in Paris sponsored by ECPM and in Malakoff and Montreuil, sponsored by ECPM, ACAT and Amnesty International. Another American abolitionist was touring France, namely Gary Drinkard from Witness to Innocence: partnering with ECPM, the death row exoneree intervened in several schools in Paris and then Brussels to raise awareness on the death penalty amongst French/Belgian youth, especially on what it is like to be on death row.Also in Paris, ECPM co-organized a conference on living conditions on death row at the Paris Bar, with guest speakers from Cameroon, Indonesia and America sharing their knowledge of conditions in their respective countries’ death row. During the event, the association Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme, co-organiser of the event, launched an initiative supported by the World Coalition for specific minimum standards of detention for people on death row, recognizing their specific vulnerabilities. Elsewhere in Europe, the Community of Sant’Egidio invited Susan Kigula, whose case in Uganda was of paramount importance to the abolitionist movement, to give speeches at the University of Antwerp in Belgium and the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands.AUSTRALIA: ‘GUILTY’ & STRATEGY FOR ABOLITIONAs part of its recent ‘Strategy for the Abolition of the Death Penalty’, Australian High Commissioners took the world by storm, publishing articles in local newspapers everywhere, most notably in Ghana, Kenya, Trinidad and Tobago and Thailand. Their work undoubtedly informs the public on the death penalty and nudges the world towards our long-standing goal of universal abolition.Australia’s contribution to World Day was also done on the national level: screenings of "Guilty";, a film about Bali 9 co-leader Myuran Sukumaran’s last days before his execution, took place around Australia, with events sponsored by the likes of Reprieve Australia, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch for a rock-solid effort to raise awareness on the horrors’ of the death penalty.The role of Human Rights Commissions is also not to be understated: in South Korea, a ‘Ceremony and Conference’ was co-held at the National Assembly of Korea by the Korean Civil Society Coalition for Abolishing Death penalty, Parliament Members and the National Human Rights Commission of Korea. Also in Asia, the Philippines’ Human Rights Commission organized a commemorative event as well, and the Pakistani Commission held events across the nation, its local chapters organizing public demonstrations, forums and public discussions in 9 different cities in Pakistan.The international political community came together in unison for a global call for abolition: governments across the world commemorated World Day via public statements supporting the abolition of the death penalty. Western countries such as France, Belgium, Austria, t [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1690] => Array ( [objectID] => 4337 [title] => First symposium on the abolition of the death penalty in Niger [timestamp] => 1539734400 [date] => 17/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/first-symposium-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-niger/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/57910230daa18621e2e384b359c17949_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => October 10 2018, Niamey, National Human Rights Commission CNDH NIGER. The Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty and the Nigerien abolitionist movement in Niger (SYNAFEN, NGO REPRODEVH NIGER, ACAT NIGER) organized the First National Symposium on the Contribution to the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Niger, following the theme "DIGNITY FOR ALL" and entitled: "Living Conditions of those under Life Imprisonment in Niger's prisons and pleading in favour of Niger's vote on the draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa...", under the sponsorship of the President of the CNDH NIGER Professor KALID IKIRI. [texte] => The symposium was preceded by a press conference on October 8 2018 in the conference room of the French-Nigerien Cultural Center (CCFN NIGER), which aimed to announce activities related to the celebration of the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty in Niger to the media and law students' club of AMD University in Niamey.On its part, the symposium attracted a crowd of enthusiastic participants and new partners.To further promote the theme of World Day, thirty supervisors from the Niamey prison were invited under the guidance of the main manager to give the public an idea of living conditions of prisoners in the Niamey prison.The event was also joined by students, Ulemas representatives, women's associations, magistrates, lawyers, collectives of human rights associations, trade unions, parliamentarians, etc.Several speeches were made throughout the opening ceremony before the Minister in Charge of Relations with State Institutions, the representative of the Mediator of the Republic , the French Embassy and the EU Delegation to Niger, the representative of the NGO Grandir Dignement Niger who works with underage children in Nigerien prisons. We commend the following interventions:1. Welcoming address by Commissioner Mr. ALMOUSTAPHA MOUSSA IDE (CNDH);2. The Spanish Ambassador to Niger, Mr. Ricardo Mor Solá;3. The Belgian Embassy's representative, Mr. PIERRE CHARLIER;4. The President of the Nigerien abolitionist movement, the Nigerien Coalition and the NGO REPRODEVH NIGER, SYNAFEN AND ACAT NIGER, Mr. Moumouni ALFARI BALMA;5. CNDH NIGER, represented by Mr. MOUSSA HAMIDOU TALIBI acting as interim President.Following the speeches was the panel discussion about the aforementioned theme, moderated by GARBA ILLOU ALMOCTAR, President of the NGO REPRODEVH and Coordinator of the Colloquium, and joined by prominent teachers, researchers, magistrates, lawyers and abolitionist actors from Niger.HighlightsSponsored by the National Commission on Human Rights (CNDH NIGER), this symposium:• brought together about a hundred participants with different backgrounds, including: political leaders, preachers, students, researchers, journalists, prison administration staff, civil society and abolitionist actors, trade unions, NGOs, teachers, diplomatic missions, government officials, representatives of Niger's institutions, etc;• created a forum for discussion in favour of the abolition of the death penalty in Niger and advocated Niger's vote on the draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa;• garnered significant media attention in Niger; and• was carried out/organized successfully.Difficulties:• Lack of financial and logistical resources;• Difficulties in getting abolitionist actors from the eight regions of Niger and international experts to participate;• Insufficient production of Nigerien death penalty documentation• Insufficient means to promote the eventNeeds : Financial and Logistical Resources1. Printing of the bulletin (notes from the symposium) and steering committee and experts of the symposium, for a wide dissemination of actions on the death penalty;2. Producing a documentary film accompanying the conference and web design for the Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty;3. Financing the activity program of the Nigerien coalition and institutional support. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1691] => Array ( [objectID] => 4338 [title] => Program Manager [timestamp] => 1539561600 [date] => 15/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits a program manager for a full time permanent position starting in January 2019. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Mission: 1. Defining, managing and evaluating actions, campaigns and projects: World Day against the Death Penalty:- Production and dissemination of information and mobilization tools- Production and dissemination of specific tools for specific target countries- Coordination of events organized all over the world- Social Media Campaign- Support for the activities of member organisations in target countries - Promotion of events with experts related to the theme Africa:- Initial training with all project partners- Participation in the ordinary sessions of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights the NGO forum- Organisation of advocacy missions in target countries - Organisation of advocacy missions to the African Union Countries at risk (Maldives, Philippines, Turkey):- Training of civil society in each target country- Production of tailored mobilisation tools- Monitoring of regional and international human rights mechanisms Barbados and the Easter Caribbean:- Follow-up of UPR with partners- Follow-up of the project with Greater Caribbean for Life and the Death Penalty Project (Speaking Tours, Newsletter…)2. Support for coordination of international advocacy (protocols, moratorium, joint submissions…)3. Support for the general coordination of the World Coalition (Steering Committee and General Assembly)4. Developing publications - Monitoring of the various publications and reports and strengthening the links with various service providers (authors, translators, external consultants, designers, printing companies, etc.). Experience required:- Minimum 5 years of professional experience in the field of human rights (preferably in a national, regional or international NGO)- Knowledge on the subject of the death penalty is desiredSkills and training:- A university degree in political science, international relations or international law and human rights;- Fluent in English and French; third working language would be preferable- Ability to work in a team and independently, discipline, attention to detail, ability to prioritise;- Availability to travel abroad.Conditions:- Salary based on qualifications and experience (gross salary: from 2,500 € per month)- Other benefits: contribution to the costs of transportation (50%) and meals (60%) Health Insurance- 35 working hours per week according to French law- Long term permanent contract - Based in the Paris region (France)To apply:The application must be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Program Manager) before 15 November with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)Interviews will be conducted during the week of 26 November 2018.Contract expected to start on 2nd January 2019, the latest, for a handover period of at least 2 weeks with the current Program Manager.The World Coalition is signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1692] => Array ( [objectID] => 25339 [title] => Italian Poster 2018 [timestamp] => 1539129600 [date] => 10/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Italien Poster 2018 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AfficheHD-JM2018-IT.pdf ) [1693] => Array ( [objectID] => 4339 [title] => Global overview of women facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1539129600 [date] => 10/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b35e9a662baa2f520817f8312a3c1301_2-1-500x260.jpg [extrait] => Launch of a groundbreaking report entitled "Judged for more than her crime: A Global Study on Women Facing the Death Penalty" [texte] => We estimate that at least 500 women are currently on death rows around the world. While exact figures are mpossible to obtain, we further estimate that over 100 women have been executed in the last ten years—and potentially hundreds more.This report aims to shed light on this much-neglected population. Few researchers have sought to obtain information about the crimes for which women have been sentenced to death, the circumstances of their lives before their convictions, and the conditions under which they are detained on death row. As a result, there is little empirical data about women on death row, which impedes advocates from understanding patterns in capital sentencing and the operation of gender bias in the criminal legal system. To the extent that scholars have focused on women on death row, they have concluded that they are beneficiaries of gender bias that operates in their favor.A much needed gender perspective While it is undeniable that women are protected from execution under certain circumstances (particularly mothers of infants and young children) and that women sometimes benefit from more lenient sentencing, those that are sentenced to death are subjected to multiple forms of gender bias.Most women have been sentenced to death for the crime of murder, often in relation to the killing of family members in a context of gender-based violence. Others have been sentenced to death for drug offenses, terrorism, adultery, witchcraft, and blasphemy, among other offenses. Although they represent a tiny minority of all prisoners sentenced to death, their cases are emblematic of systemic failings in the application of capital punishment.Conditions on death rowTo mark World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Penal Reform International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are publishing a factsheet on prison conditions for women facing the death penalty.On the same day, 11 UN Special Rapporteurs published a call "Women and girls on death row require specific gender-based responses and policies".Living conditions on death row remain poor for both men and women; however, given that most facilities are designed with the majority male population in mind, the unique needs and vulnerabilities of women are overlooked.In countries that do not execute women, the prolonged length of their death sentences means that poor conditions have a disproportionate impact on their physical and mental well-being.Women serving death sentences are vulnerable to violence, particularly in prisons where male staff supervise them, or where prison authorities fail to protect them from violence at the hands of other prisoners. For example, in China, women prisoners (like their male counterparts) suffer at the hands of ‘cell trustees’, who control their cellmates through abusive means, sometimes leading to deaths.Despite the Bangkok Rules prohibiting the use of restraints on women who are pregnant, during labor or after birth, in Sudan, Meriam Ibrahim was shackled to heavy chains in prison while eight months pregnant and caring for a young child, and during childbirth.Similarly, death row prisoners are frequently held in solitary confinement, either by virtue of their sentence or as a disciplinary sanction. Despite limitations set down in the Mandela Rules, prolonged solitary confinement (which is prohibited) for women and men on death row has been reported in China, Indonesia, Jordan, India and the United States. Evidence shows that solitary confinement brings unique harms and dangers to women prisoners. This is linked to the disproportionately high rates of mental illness and trauma from past abuse suffered by women in prison.Prisons generally fail to provide women with female-specific healthcare and deprive them of necessary hygienic products. For those serving long terms in prison, healthcare needs become greater and more complex – including mental ill-health and complications from lack of hygiene – and particularly in overcrowded facilities or where health provision is lacking.Many prisons do not proactively provide healthcare and hygiene adequate for women’s menstruation. The lack of menstruation care is compounded by tzelack of privacy and washing and bathing facilities in most prisons. Moreover, sanitary napkins, when provided, are sometimes withheld as punishment.RecommendationsThe report and the factsheet end with recommendations for stakeholders to address urgent issues affecting women in prison generally, and particularly women on death row.It highlights for example the need for more transparency, for more research on root causes and structural, systemic discrimination against women in society, for more monitoring of government and prison compliance with international human rights standards in relation to women on death row and to support family visits to women in prison, including by helping to transport family and children to visit their relatives in prison.Photo credit: Kulapa Vajanasara, Women Prison Reform, Mahidol University (Cover photograph of the report) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1694] => Array ( [objectID] => 4340 [title] => Web-Editor [timestamp] => 1539043200 [date] => 09/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/web-editor/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting a Web-editor/Editorial Webmaster for its website. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve this aim by lobbying international organisations and States; by organising international campaigns, including the World Day Against the Death Penalty; and, by supporting national and regional abolitionist forces.MissionThe World Coalition has a website in seven languages (French/ English/ Arabic/ Spanish/ Russian/ Farsi/ Chinese) partly devoted to news of those taking action against the death penalty (www.worldcoalition.org). A “news” page presents the initiatives contributing to reducing the application of the death penalty all around the world. The World Coalition has also developed web pages dedicated to the campaigns of its members and strategies for social media, including Facebook and Twitter, to raise awareness among a wider audience. The World Coalition is looking for a Web-Editor/Editorial Webmaster who will have to: - Participate in the development of a new Website and follow-up with the developers and the director;- Participate in the creation of multimedia and multilingual editorial content (one editorial meeting with the staff a month);- Order, write, proofread, validate, and publish translated articles (4 articles a month on average);- Publish a monthly newsletter in English and French (identify topics, compile and present the information in the newsletter, put out and send the letter to subscribers and update the list of subscribers);- Manage issues related to the structure of the site (possible bugs, ...) and report to the director when web development is needed;- Manage the relationship with external applications (DailyMotion, Youtube, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, Dlvr, Google Account, Instagram...);- Manages the Google grant and the adds in 7 languages on a monthly basis;- Facilitating online communities (monitoring once a week on average).Profile / experience- Writing Skills- Editorial Skills- Animation of Websites- Excellent knowledge of French and English. Knowledge of another language is a plus- Knowledge of server technologies as a user (PHP / Databases, HTML).- Knowledge of basic tools of image and video processing (photoshop, editing online videos, etc.).- Knowledge of social media (Facebook, Twitter, ...)- Knowledge of Google Add GrantsConditions- Freelance Contract- The World Coalition accepts the following legal status: Self-Employed or Company.- Remuneration will be worked based, upon presentation of invoices according to the terms and conditions previously agreed with the World Coalition.- Estimated average working time: from four to eight hours per week.To Apply:Applications should be sent by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Web-Editor) before 5 November 2018 with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)The World Coalition is a signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1695] => Array ( [objectID] => 4341 [title] => Program and Admin Assistant (Trainee) [timestamp] => 1539043200 [date] => 09/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-and-admin-assistant-trainee-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits an intern for a period of 6 months starting in September 2019. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Main tasks:The World Coalition is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months. The Intern will be in charge of:• Assisting the staff for the preparation of the international campaigns of the World Coalition and for the update of the Website: www.worldcoalition.org;• Participating in the logistics of World Coalition’s meetings and in the day-to-day management of the organisation.Qualifications:An internship agreement with a university is compulsory• University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities;• Good organisational and writing skills; • Perfect knowledge in one of the following languages: English or French, spoken and written, and working knowledge of the other language required;• Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset;• Good knowledge of another language would be a plus.We offer:• An international working environment• Internship allowance of 577,5 per month with an Internship agreement• Contribution to transportation fees • Lunch vouchers2,5 days leave per monthTo apply:Applications should be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Internship) before 10 June 2019 with:• A cover letter • A curriculum vitaeThe World Coalition is a signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1696] => Array ( [objectID] => 4342 [title] => Kenya’s new taskforce to review death penalty laws [timestamp] => 1536624000 [date] => 11/09/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kenyas-new-taskforce-to-review-death-penalty-laws/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7f88f0e582c8c7296e0f99277a4d35f3_2-1-500x215.jpg [extrait] => In December 2017, two Kenyan men challenged the legality of capital punishment at the Supreme Court, which resulted in Chief Justice Marage declaring the « mandatory nature of the death sentence » unconstitutional. Following this groundbreaking statement, the Taskforce on the Review of the Mandatory Nature of the Death Penalty was appointed on March 15 2018. [texte] => Wilson Thirimbu Mwangi and Francis Karoki Muruatetu Thirimbu were convicted of murder in 2003 and subsequently sentenced to death. Although their sentence had already been commuted in 2009, they still went on to challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty at Kenya's Supreme Court.In the past, the Kenyan government has commuted the death sentences of over 4000 and 2747 inmates in 2009 and 2016 respectively, and although no execution has been recorded since 1987, the country has yet to abolish the death penalty.However, following Chief Justice Marage’s historic declaration, courts were subsequently given discretion on sentencing similar cases, and the Supreme Court gave the Attorney General and other relevant institutions 12 months to work on a detailed review of the legislative framework surrounding the death penalty.Taskforce on the Review of the Mandatory Nature of the Death PenaltyOn March 15 2018, Attorney-General Githu Muigai appointed the Taskforce on the Review of the Mandatory Nature of the Death Penalty to complete the work, led by Maryann Njau-Kimani and currently composed of 3 sub-committees, each one assigned to a specific issue, namely sentence rehearing, the parameters of life imprisonment and legislative reforms. In a draft report for public participation, the taskforce suggested that all concerned inmates should undergo sentence rehearing and provided the basic framework for such a process. According to the African Prison Project (APP), there has been a huge number of inmates who have filed petitions in different courts: as of now, several high courts across the country have started the reviewing process and over 20 cases have successfully been resentenced, amounting to an average period of imprisonment of 15 years. In reviewing the parameters of life imprisonment, the taskforce studied the jurisdictions of 21 other countries, and proposed a new categorization of offences punishable by life imprisonment: “aggravated” murders would yield no possibility of parole, whereas “simple”, “second degree” and “manslaughter” offences are eligible for parole after serving 25 years, 20 years and two thirds of the sentence respectively. However, devising potential legislative reforms has proven to be a contentious issue between the taskforce’s main advisor, the Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC), and members of the civil society: although the latter suggested that the death penalty be removed “in its entirety”, it concluded that the Kenyan Constitution “permits the death penalty if provided by law”, considered by some as a misreading of the constitution. Furthermore, the replacement of the death penalty by mandatory sentences for certain crimes has been subject to criticism. The taskforce has also visited prisons and met with inmates to gather their views on the matter: the resulting analysis of death row prisoners with respect to their socioeconomic background showed that the death penalty disproportionately affects those with lower income and lower level of education, thus proving yet again the discriminatory nature of the death penalty.An Ongoing Debate Surrounding the Death Penalty in KenyaThe creation of the taskforce coincides with the new Strategic Plan 2018-2023 of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), but debate around the death penalty rages on: earlier in August, the Taskforce held an open forum to tackle the divisive issue; a few days later, Ms. Chivusia, the KNCHR Commissioner, gave a speech for Prisoners Justice day on August 10 during which she declared that “Capital punishment in Kenya commonly known as the Death Penalty remains a subject that has elicited a lot of debate on the approach that the country should take either towards its abolition or retention.”At the same time, the KNCHR stated on Twitter that it “shall continue advocating for Kenya to join the 106 states around the world including 20 African states that have abolished the death penalty both in law and practice.”If the taskforce’s recommendations are adopted this coming December, 838 prisoners on death row will have their sentences commuted, among other changes. As of March this year, there were 838 persons on death row - 789 men and 129 women. Image: KNCHR [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1697] => Array ( [objectID] => 4343 [title] => Overcoming the isolation of the people sentenced to death and their relatives [timestamp] => 1536537600 [date] => 10/09/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/overcoming-the-isolation-of-the-people-sentenced-to-death-and-their-relatives/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8f0f10e0061b73608d13f06071237321_2-1.png [extrait] => One of the observations made by the World Coalition while doing the preliminary work for this year’s World Day, is the isolation in which the people sentenced to death might live. [texte] => In order to avoid that the people on death row sink into oblivion, we encourage you to contact those who suffer from the living conditions on death row: the person sentenced to death, the families and relatives, as well as the lawyers. There are many ways in which the civil society organisations can support the people sentenced to death and its relatives: by sending support messages, establishing a pen pal relationship with a person sentenced to death, organising a prison visit to report on the conditions of detention and meeting with the prisoners to hear bout their needs…You can also organize a prison visit, following the World Coalition's guidelinesWe can help you contact people on death row, families and relatives and member organisations that have expertise in that field, having access to prisons, but also organisations that coordinate correspondence with people on death row around the world.If you wish to send support messages to a prisoner on death row, his/her family, relatives, or lawyer:► Contact the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to know about the organisations that work directly with the people sentenced to death and/or their families► Get in touch with the organisation, who will guide you through the process► Send your support messages► Invite others to do so!If you wish to go further and establish a pen pal relationship with a person on death row:► First of all, you should be willing to commit to the pen pal relationship you are about to engage in: this means you need to write regularly, invest the time it requires, respond to the letters and if possible, not putting an end to the pen pal relationship.► Once you have decided that you want to engage in this activity, get in contact with the World Coalition to know about the organisations that work directly with the people sentenced to death and that work specifically arranging pen pal relationships.► Contact the organisation and enquire about requirements, the do’s and the don’ts► Write your letter [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1698] => Array ( [objectID] => 4344 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2018! [timestamp] => 1536537600 [date] => 10/09/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2018/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2cbd096c373c056ac5544881e9771657_2-1-500x358.png [extrait] => Check what you can do for 10 October. Browse the calendar of events and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => Take action now! The 16th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)> Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty> Click on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country: > Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1699] => Array ( [objectID] => 4345 [title] => Abolitionist activities, criminal policy at the heart of abolition [timestamp] => 1533081600 [date] => 01/08/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-activities-criminal-policy-at-the-heart-of-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f6ebe0727798b618c016e63643155174_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => On 30 June 2018, as a side event to the 2nd National Congress of Réseau des avocats contre la peine mort (RACPM), a conference was organised under the title "Death Penalty and Criminal Policy". Morocco seemed eager to match its Tunisian neighbour, which had recently proposed, with the Commission on Individual Freedoms and Equality, abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => This conference organized by the Moroccan Prison Observatory (OMP) and RACPM in partnership with Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) and the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty is part of the OMP's policy for "a reform of the criminal and prison legal system guaranteeing the protection of the human rights and dignity of prisoners".Recognition of the right to life in Morocco (Article 20 of the Constitution) an antinomy to the country's criminal policyBy organising this conference, OMP wishes to relaunch dialogue on criminal policy and the death penalty. In Morocco, although article 23 of the Constitution guarantees the right of detainees and article 20 recognizes the right to life, no compliance has been initiated to abolish the death penalty, which is still imposed by the courts. Morocco has been under a de facto moratorium since 1993, and in 2017, more than 15 people were sentenced to death and 112 are currently detained on death row. The OMP and its partners wished to broaden the network and the reflection on the issue of the abolition of the death penalty in order to bring criminal policy into line with the Constitution. Of course, advocacy plays an important role and participants wished to recall the role of civil society and lawyers in the struggle for abolition.World Day Against the Death Penalty to be debatedAs every year since 2003, on 10 October, the World Coalition against the Death Penalty has established the World Day against the Death Penalty.This year the theme for 2018 is living conditions on death row. This debate is very relevant and a huge number of associations and organizations have been mobilized by sending testimonies for the preparation of the Day or by preparing events for 10/10/2018.At the conference on 30 June 2018, following the programme which involved several personalities from Moroccan institutions - parliamentarians and representatives of civil society - the debates focused in part on the living conditions on death row. It has emerged that it is becoming important to raise awareness among the general public through civil society and to implement additional studies on the situation of persons sentenced to death in order to assess their conditions of detention and the reality they face.Discussions then concluded with the following recommendations:• Continued efforts to reform criminal policy;• Given the weakness of the legislative initiative, it was recommended that work be done to establish an advocacy and awareness programme for elected representatives;• The implementation of the provisions of the 2011 Constitution, and in particular, the implementation of the right of Petition.• Lead a campaign for the vote on the UN resolution on the moratorium on the abolition of the death penalty to be held at the United Nations in December 2018;• To plead for the stopping of the pronouncements of death sentences by the Moroccan courts;• The implementation of a profound reform of the criminal legal arsenal, exempt from the death penalty;• The implementation of the recommendations of the UN committees concerning the ratification of the 2nd Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;• Implementation of the Commission's recommendations concerning ratification of the Second Protocol and the Rome Statute;• Improving the conditions of those sentenced to death, pending the change of death sentences to limited alternative sentences, also excluding life sentences considered equally inhuman;• Increase efforts to broaden public debate;• Increase initiatives for the implementation of awareness and education programmes on the right to life.• Energize and encourage networking among civil society actors, lawyers, parliamentarians, health, cultural and other stakeholders. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1700] => Array ( [objectID] => 4346 [title] => Lindy Lou Juror #2 [timestamp] => 1532995200 [date] => 31/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/lindy-lou-juror-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/05cea73611e48ffa22c6d7fa7f4fcca8_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the screening of the movie Lindy Lou Juror number 2 on Monday 25 June 2018, abolitionist associations such as Amnesty International, ACAT France, Together Against The Death Penalty French Collectif Free Mumia! and the World Coalition against the Death Penalty met at the Centre Wallonie Bruxelles in Paris. [texte] => Jurors operating in the shadow of criminal justiceIt must be admitted this film directed by Florent Vassault does not look like an abolitionist and militant documentary. The passion that animates this film and the feelings that inhabit the viewer throughout the 84 minutes are not those of activism but those of understanding and desire to speak. To speak simply, humanly, sincerely, without hesitation, and to discuss about the death penalty.Lindy Lou, the main protagonist in this documentary, was juror on a murder case in Mississippi. In 1994, its 11-member jury (plus an alternate) sentenced a man, Bobby Wilcher, to death.For Lindy Lou this week was trying and changed her life. Her meeting with Florent Vassault allows her to reflect on the feelings that have inhabited her since then. Originally the director was thinking of building the movie around Lindy Lou, which she would tell the jury, the stages they went through before pronouncing the death sentence. In reality, as the documentary and the meetings that follow, the film is based more on "the twenty years that followed, on how this decision [the pronouncement of the death penalty] worked for these men and women.”A different target, a wider audienceThis documentary is therefore neither abolitionist nor militant, created not to justify the abolition of the death penalty but to focus on an audience that we have little tendency to listen to in the abolitionist field (and for reason). Florent Vassault makes the bet to mediatize differently this white America of Trump of the rich districts. Far from remaining focused on the usual clichés (firearms, racism, etc.), this documentary also opens the minds of those people who live and see things differently. The public could then be varied, abolitionist, retentionist, sceptical, Lindy Lou herself was not against the death penalty.What is important in this documentary is the impact of this conviction on these 11 people... an impact more or less strong in some, one of the jurors having forgotten everything, not even remembering the conviction.An underlying question on abolition educationBeyond the people directly affected by the conviction of Bobby Wilcher, his family and certain members of the jury, the documentary deals with a more distant audience. The jury family. They experienced the pain and suffered seeing their mother, in Lindy Lou's case, torture herself for over twenty years. It would seem that educating one's relatives when one has had such an experience is beneficial in raising their awareness of the issue of abolition. Thus, one of the questions that constantly emerges is the one of the first scene where Lindy Lou asks her 13-year-old granddaughter, "Could you sentence a man to death?” The answers are varied and never very precise. This scene echoes one of the last scenes in the documentary in which Lindy Lou meets the president of her jury, Kenneth Branch, juror #1, and talks with him, his wife and daughter. The latter explains that she could not sentence a man to death, that "it does not belong to me"; Lindy Lou in the background retorts"nor to the State".This last scene allows everyone to really think about who this decision should belong to, if not to anyone.For more informations: Associations contact : Phillippe Hagué, hague.philippe@gmail.comDistribution: JHR films 09.50.45.03.62 - info@jhrfilms.com [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1701] => Array ( [objectID] => 4347 [title] => The Sunny Center [timestamp] => 1532908800 [date] => 30/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-sunny-center/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/455de6e7ea1f204a5f2b83153bdb8a15_2-1-500x249.png [extrait] => “Extraordinary things can happen to ordinary people and still be OK »The Sunny Center is a place like no other place in the world. Perched on the top of a hill, it is surrounded by lakes and hills that multiply as far as the eye can see. The landscape is breath-taking. But the landscape is nothing compared to the founders of the Sunny Center. Sunny Jacobs, 72, and Peter Pringle, soon 80, began welcoming innocent people into their homes in 2011. [texte] => Sunny and Peter were both wrongly convicted. Sunny was sentenced to death in Florida along with her partner at the time in 1976 and spent 17 years in prison. Peter was sentenced to death in Ireland in 1980 and spent 15 years in prison. Both convictions were overturned, and they were released. They met at an antideath penalty conference in Ireland late 1990’s, fell in love and got married.That is why they do the work they do with the exonerees: they are happy together and were able to rebuild a life. Not everyone does.“We want these people to know that they are something else than what happened to them”They both know what it is like to spend 15, 20 years in prison and to leave that prison totally devoid of everything in the social, economic and even emotional level. Without family and friends, it is very difficult to find support and therefore to get by. And to this is added the feeling of betrayal and bitterness to have had so many years of their lives stolen from them. The Sunny Center is, as the founders call it “ a sanctuary, providing exonerees with immediate, spiritual, emotional and physical support, with the goal of assisting them with overcoming the trauma, isolation, and disconnection resulting from wrongful incarceration.” A place where the exonerees can heal from their wounds. The work that Sunny and Peter do is extraordinary. It is unique.A normal day at the Sunny CenterI had the pleasure to stay with Sunny and Peter in the spring and to experience what any other visitor experiences while staying with them. That is, Sunny and Peter’s daily life, which makes you feel as part of the family right away.Peter gets up at around 8 am, Sunny a bit later. Then they go to the goats’ shed to feed, let them out and milk them if necessary. They will milk the goat just enough to bring her relief. Then, the hens are fed.They come back to the house and Peter will rest while Sunny makes the fresh goat cheese. This takes about an hour, as everything must be rinsed and sterilized. After the cheese is done, it’s meditation time. Before noon they will have a very nutritious breakfast. And, as Sunny says, “after that, half of the daily work is already done”.After lunch they’re both busy with their activities: Peter will be doing some ground work or house work while Sunny works at her desk. She replies to emails, makes phone calls and reads about all the things she’s interested in on the Internet. “ She’s and endless source of knowledge” as Peter will say.During this time, the visitors can take the dogs for a walk or spend some time by themselves or with a friend from the region that Sunny and Peter have introduced them to. Then we have lunch. After lunch, Sunny goes to the green house, cleans it up a bit and grabs the vegetables for diner. Peter will continue his work until it is time to cook and have diner. After diner, Peter goes outside and puts the animals to bed. Finally, it is time for Peter to “ prepare the berries”. In the evening we sat in their living room, eat the berries and talk until it’s time for them to go to bed.Feeling as a part of the family, being part of the routine of the Sunny Center, meditating with them, doing yoga and, most of all, spending time with Sunny and Peter will help the exoneree “take out all the bitterness” which is a first step towards a new beginning. The future of the Sunny CenterAs a small organization which did not start as one, Peter and Sunny are constantly learning and evolving. But what The Sunny Center struggles the most with is finding the funds to grow as its founders would like to: “in an ideal situation, we would have a lot more space, two separate buildings, an art workshop, so that those who come can explore their creativity”.The Sunny Centre works thanks to the donations of many people who support their cause, although the largest donation they have ever had does not exceed $5,000. Sunny and Peter would like to find a philanthropist who is willing to support their project over the long term. “we would like to expand, but not for ourselves, but to expand the work we do... if we have the funding, we can do the rest. But we don't have the funds”.Sunny thinks another priority is establishing solidarity networks for when the exonerees go back home. Many of them have to live in shelters for the homeless or halfway houses when they go out of prisons. They are constantly dealing with how to survive the next day. For this purpose, they have initiated the first exonerees community in the USA.To perpetuate the Sunny Center, Sunny and Peter would like to teach other exonerees how to do the work that they do. Their work is expanding to the rest of the World, but they need your help!There are many ways in which you can help the Sunny Center: volunteer, make a donation or even pledge air miles. You can find more information here: http://www.thesunnycenter.com/help-us.htmlIf you want more information about the Sunny Center, please visit their website: http://www.thesunnycenter.com/You can also watch this short video: https://youtu.be/uCPb7qoZzdg [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ireland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1702] => Array ( [objectID] => 4348 [title] => Launching of death penalty abolition project in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean [timestamp] => 1532476800 [date] => 25/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/launching-of-death-penalty-abolition-project-in-barbados-and-the-eastern-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3a41a515a7b940550e1252dd4ea789ef_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The 22 and 23 June 2018, the Greater Caribbean for Life, the Death Penalty Project, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Human Rights Association, the University of the West Indies and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty met in Barbados to launch their joint three year project in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean. [texte] => The objective of this event was to allow the partners of the project funded by the European Union to meet and set strong basis for their collaboration in the fight for the abolition of the death penalty in the region.The opening of the meeting, chaired by David Berry, dean of Law of the University of the West Indies was attended by around 30 people including the partners of the project, law students of the Cave Hill campus, but also representatives from the European Union and the United Nations in Barbados. After the opening, several sessions took place, where the partners of the project presented the different activities that they will develop within the three years: a study and a survey, mobilization kits, information tools, UPR shadow reports, speaking tours as well as films and documentary screenings.Dr. Lloyd Barnett, member of the Greater Caribbean for Life’s board, addressed the issue of the importance of having a revitalised strategy for the anti-death penalty movement. The population in the Caribbean is young and they need to be aware of the inconsistencies and injustice of the death penalty. The message that this project should promote is, in his own words “You cannot protect life by promoting death”.For his part, Saul Lehrfreund, Co-director of the Death Penalty Project, explained that the project will also focus on the need to rebut the argument for death penalty based on public opinion. In this sense, he stated: “It is important to inform the general public as much as possible but public opinion should not avoid political leaders from taking action”. Furthermore, although an important part of the project will focus on the political elites in the Eastern Caribbean, Leela Ramdeen, Chair of the Greater Caribbean for Life, highlighted that the awareness raising is not only essential, but complementary to the work with the political elites. The Greater Caribbean for Life and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty will focus on strengthening and mobilising civil society, and lauched a call for actions in the region. To this end country representatives from the Eastern Caribbean states: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, as well as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were also invited to the meeting with the purpose of creating a strong civil society movement in each one of the countries The second day was fully devoted to a training for the country representatives. It started with a tour de table, where each representative presented the situation of the death penalty in their country and the obstacles to its abolition. The three main obstacles that came out of the discussion are public opinion, political will and the lack of awareness raising.The purpose of the training was to work on how to overcome the obstacles. To this end, the facilitator presented case studies on successful strategies for the abolition of the death penalty. Later on, the participants worked on a concrete advocacy strategy and presented the events that they are planning for World Day against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1703] => Array ( [objectID] => 4349 [title] => Call for actions in Barbados and Eastern Caribbean [timestamp] => 1531180800 [date] => 10/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-in-barbados-and-eastern-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of a joint project which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, the Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition are lanching a call for actions. [texte] => In the framework of this project, GCL and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty want to support a civil society movement for the abolition of the death penalty in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent & the Grenadines.To do so, the GCL and the World Coalition are launching a call for actions on the issue of the death penalty and will help finance activities lasting between 3 – 12 months with small grants from EUR 1,000 to EUR 3,000 (EC Dollar: 3,175 – 9,525 or BBD: 2,350 – 7,050).You fill find the call attached. Please note that the call is only for people or organizations based in the countries mentioned above.The deadline for applications is August 20, 2018.All applications must be sent to: ecs@worldcoalition.orgDo not hesitate to circulate the call within your networks!For more information, please contact: ecs@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1704] => Array ( [objectID] => 4350 [title] => Regarding the execution in Japan of seven people [timestamp] => 1531180800 [date] => 10/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/regarding-the-execution-in-japan-of-seven-people/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bd5131a6ec00afa1cde84e76f340950f_2-1-500x274.jpg [extrait] => STATEMENT – WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its sympathy and support to all courageous anti-death penalty activists who have fought bravely to try to prevent the executions of seven people in Japan on the same day, on 6 July. The World Coalition calls […] [texte] => STATEMENT – WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its sympathy and support to all courageous anti-death penalty activists who have fought bravely to try to prevent the executions of seven people in Japan on the same day, on 6 July.The World Coalit