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Is capital punishment just? Does it deter people from murder? What is the risk that we will execute innocent people? These are the usual questions at the heart of the increasingly heated debate about capital punishment in America. In this bold and impassioned book, Austin Sarat seeks to change the terms of that debate. Capital punishment must be stopped, Sarat argues, because it undermines our democratic society.Sarat unflinchingly exposes us to the realities of state killing. He examines its foundations in ideas about revenge and retribution. He takes us inside the courtroom of a capital trial, interviews jurors and lawyers who make decisions about life and death, and assesses the arguments swirling around Timothy McVeigh and his trial for the bombing in Oklahoma City. Aided by a series of unsettling color photographs, he traces Americans’ evolving quest for new methods of execution, and explores the place of capital punishment in popular culture by examining such films as Dead Man Walking, The Last Dance, and The Green Mile.Sarat argues that state executions, once used by monarchs as symbolic displays of power, gained acceptance among Americans as a sign of the people’s sovereignty. Yet today when the state kills, it does so in a bureaucratic procedure hidden from view and for which no one in particular takes responsibility. He uncovers the forces that sustain America’s killing culture, including overheated political rhetoric, racial prejudice, and the desire for a world without moral ambiguity. Capital punishment, Sarat shows, ultimately leaves Americans more divided, hostile, indifferent to life’s complexities, and much further from solving the nation’s ills. In short, it leaves us with an impoverished democracy.The book’s powerful and sobering conclusions point to a new abolitionist politics, in which capital punishment should be banned not only on ethical grounds but also for what it does to Americans and what we cherish.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

There have been at least sixty-seven postconviction DNA exonerations in the United States. Our Innocence Project at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law has either assisted or been the attorney of record in thirty-nine of those cases, including eight men who served time on death row. For all of these men, existing appellate remedies failed to catch the mistakes and correct the injustice. In one third of the exonerations, bad lawyering contributed to their convictions yet in only one case was ineffective assistance of counsel recognized by an appellate court. Mistaken eyewitness identification was a critical factor in almost 90% of the unjust convictions yet not a single trial or appellate court found the eyewitness testimony to be unreliable.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Innocence,

Capital punishment has once again become the focus of intense national debate in the United States. There is increasingly widespread public concern over the propriety of state-sanctioned executions and the legal processes by which they are accomplished. Even in political arenas, where little more than a decade ago commentators could quip that “the electric chair has replaced the American flag as your all-purpose campaign symbol,” many elected officials are voicing second thoughts about capital punishment. The American Bar Association (ABA), among other prestigious groups, has called for a moratorium on executions until, at least, the procedural flaws in the legal process through which death sentencing takes place — what the ABA analysts characterized as a “haphazard maze of unfair practices” — have been identified and remedied. Recent assessments of the scope and seriousness of the problems that plague this process suggest that the task of reforming the system of capital punishment will prove to be a daunting one. For example, James Liebman and his colleagues have presented a sobering picture of what they termed a “broken system” in which the outcomes of capital trials — if judged by their fates in the appellate courts — are legally wrong more often than they are right. And at least one judge declared the federal death penalty unconstitutional because it failed to provide sufficient procedural protections to capital defendants.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Public opinion, Public debate,

The petition calls on retentionist states to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolish it on the ground that it is inhumane.

• Document type Campaigning
• Themes list Networks,
• Available languages World Day 2011 Petitionدرخواست برای توقف مجازات اعدام در سراسر جهانпетициюPetition 2011 contre la peine de mortPétition Journée mondiale 2011关于在全球范围暂缓使用死刑的呼吁Petición de 2011 contra la pena de muerte

This submission addresses the Central African Republic’s compliance with its humanrights obligations with regard to its use of the death penalty. This submission concludesthat although the Central African Republic (CAR) should be given great credit for takingimportant steps towards abolition of the death penalty, including supporting the 2012U.N. General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty, manyhurdles remain in terms of ensuring that the citizens of CAR are afforded adequatedomestic and international guarantees against the arbitrary deprivation of life.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Countries list Central African Republic
• Themes list Due Process , Trend Towards Abolition, Arbitrariness,

The logframe is a tool for concisely describing the results of an LFA project design process, as it summarises in a standard format: What the project is going to achieve, what activities will be carried out, what means/resources/inputs (human, technical, infrastructural, etc.) are required, what potential problems could affect the success of the project, how the progress and ultimate success of the project will be measured and verified.

• Document type Campaigning
• Themes list Networks,

This report aims to briefly highlight the past and present challenges and choices in Iran’s human rights record on juvenile offenders. It considers legal and theological perspectives on key issues as well as presenting case studies on selected individuals whose mistreatment raises serious questions about the injustices faced by young people in the Iranian judicial system. The report offers practical recommendations to the international community as it takes a closer look at the Islamic Republic and its human rights record through the 2010 Universal Periodic Review.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Juveniles,

It presents the theme of 2009 World Day, facts on the death penalty and all the actions and media coveragefor the 2009 World Day on Teaching Abolition.

• Document type Campaigning
• Themes list Networks,
• Available languages Rapport Journée mondiale 2009: Eduquer à l'abolition

Amnesty International’s annual report on the use of the death penalty in the world

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Death Penalty, Statistics,
• Available languages التقرير العالمي لمنظمة العفو الدولية: أحكام وعمليات الإعدام في 2018گرارش جهانی : مجازات اعدام در سال 2018Cмертные приговоры и казни 2018Condamnations à mort et exécutions 2018Condenas a muerte y ejecuciones 2018

This report, released appropriately on International Human Rights Day, serves to strip away the “conspiracy of silence” and give voice to a group of victims who have for too long been largely ignored in the debate surrounding the death penalty: the families of the executed.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Murder Victims' Families,

Sentenced to death in Nigeria for murder, Arthur Judah was finally released in 2000 after 16 years of incarceration. Today, he works as writer and painter, and fight with us for the abolition of the death penalty.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Death Row Conditions, Death Penalty,

Regularly denounced by human rights associations, violations of the right to a fair trial and inequality before the law for prisoners who face the death penalty are flagrant. Most prisoners belong to the most disadvantaged social classes or to ethnic or religious minorities. Involved in often questionable circumstances, with confessions extracted under frequent beatings and torture, many litigants are not given an adequate defence. To defend these cases, lawyers appointed ex officio receive 200 rupees per hearing (less than 5 U.S. dollars). Often young and inexperienced to deal with procedures not respecting the minimum fair trial guarantees, these lawyers are not in a position to ensure the mandate entrusted to them.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Due Process , Discrimination, Country/Regional profiles,
• Available languages Pakistan, une longue marche pour la démocratie et l'etat de droit

For this 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty the World Coalition has decided to focus on a social media campaign which it hopes will spread the truth about death penalty more widely than ever before. The concept is simple. People will make signs stating why they are against the death penalty and take a photo of themselves holding that sign and upload it onto a social media platform, with the hashtag #nodeathpenalty. With the photo uploaded, the person will nominate at least 3 people to do the same, thus creating an exponential (snowball) effect. Think of it as a cross between the #bringbackourgirls campaign in support for

• Document type Academic report
• Available languages #nodeathpenalty - Signs_Farsi#nodeathpenalty - Signs_Russian#nodeathpenalty - Pancarte#nodeathpenalty - Signs_Chinese#nodeathpenalty - Signs_Spanish

This resource website displays data concerning death sentencing in the United States from 1990 to present. Research using these data includes a book, “End of its Rope: How Killing the Death Penalty Can Revive Criminal Justice” published by Harvard University Press in Fall 2017. This research was conducted by Professor Brandon L. Garrett with the support of the University of Virginia School of Law.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Death Penalty, Statistics,

Bryan Stevenson discusses criminal justice in the United States. He discusses the influence of race in the outcome of criminal justice cases and uses social statistics to give the listeners a broader view of why the US state prisons are comprised of more of one race or another. Between chapter 4 and 8 Stevenson discusses the seemingly inherent racial bias to the administration of capital punishment in the United States.

• Document type Arguments against the death penalty
• Themes list Minorities, Discrimination,

In this joint letter many Iranian and international human rights organizations, urge the governments they called to support the renewal of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, during the 37th session of the UN Human Rights Council.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Countries list Iran (Islamic Republic of)
• Themes list Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment, Discrimination,

Executionhas also (1) had a powerful negative influence on the substantive criminal law; (2) promoted the practice of using extreme penal sanctions as status rewards to crime victims and their families; (3) provided moral camouflage for a penalty of life imprisonment without possibility of parole, which is almost as brutal as state killing; and (4) diverted legal andjudicial resources from the scrutiny of other punishments and governmental practicesin an era of mass imprisonment. This chapter discusses these four latent impacts of attempts to revive and rationalize the death penalty in the United States.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list Arbitrariness,

The authors analyze data concerning race discrimination in capital sentencing and data regarding how the public perceives this issue. They conclude that race discrimination is not an inevitable feature of all death penalty systems. Before Furman v. Georgia was decided in 1972, widespread discrimination against black defendants marred the practice of capital punishment in America. According to studies cited by the authors, race-of-defendant discrimination has lessened since Furman. However, race-of-victim discrimination remains a significant factor in sentencing; defendants with white victims are at a significantly higher risk of being sentenced to death and executed than are defendants whose victims are black, Asian, or Hispanic. From 1976 to 2002, the proportion of white-victim cases among all murder and non-negligent manslaughter cases has ranged between 51% and 56%. However, 81% of executed defendants had white victims. Polling data indicate that the general public perceives only one form of race discrimination in the use of the death penalty – race-of-defendant discrimination – and that the public and elected officials may see racial discrimination as inevitable in the criminal justice system. Race of victim discrimination is a pervasive problem in the death penalty system. However, race discrimination is not inevitable. If serious controls were enacted to address this problem (such as those imposed in a few states) a fairer system could result.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Discrimination,

This book examines the death penalty within the changing socio-political context of China. The authors’ treatment of China’s death penalty is legal, historical, and comparative. In particular, they examine; the substantive and procedures laws surrounding capital punishment in different historical periods the purposes and functions of capital punishment in China in various dynasties changes in the method of imposition and relative prevalence of capital punishment over time the socio-demographic profile of the executed and their crimes over the last two decades and comparative practices in other countries. Their analyses of the death penalty in contemporary China focus on both its theory – how it should be done in law – and actual practice – based on available secondary reports/sources.

• Document type Book
• Countries list China
• Themes list Networks,

Public support for the death penalty, which reached a four-decade low in 2016, has increased somewhat since then. Today, 54% of Americans favor the death penalty for people convicted of murder, while 39% are opposed, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in April and May.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Public opinion,

This article deals with one of the main arguments of defenders of the capital sentence: is the death penalty a source of relief for the victims?

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Public debate, Death Penalty,

A new book by Professor Robert Bohm of the University of Central Florida looks at death-penalty decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court prior to the modern era of capital punishment that began in 1968. In The Past As Prologue, Bohm examines 39 Court decisions, covering issues such as clemency, jury selection, coerced confessions, and effective representation.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list International law, Trend Towards Abolition,

Many studies during the past few decades have sought to determine whether the death penalty has any deterrent effect on homicide rates. Researchers have reached widely varying, even contradictory, conclusions. Some studies have concluded that the threat of capital punishment deters murders, saving large numbers of lives; other studies have concluded that executions actually increase homicides; still others, that executions have no effect on murder rates. Commentary among researchers, advocates, and policymakers on the scientific validity of the findings has sometimes been acrimonious.

• Document type Book
• Themes list Deterrence ,

This book examines how family members and advocates for victims address the impact of capital punishment. The book presents the personal stories of victims’ family members and their interactions with the criminal justice system. It also examines the relevant areas of legal research, including the use of victim impact evidence in capital trials, how capital punishment affects victims’ family members, and what is known about addressing the needs of the survivors after a murder.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Murder Victims' Families,

This paper examines Chinese students’ attitudes about the death penalty in contemporary China. Drawing upon Western public opinion research on the death penalty, samples of Chinese college students at home and abroad are used to explore the magnitude of their pro-death penalty attitudes and sources of variation in these opinions. Both groups of Chinese students are found to support the death penalty across different measures of this concept. Several individual and contextual factors are correlated with pro-death penalty attitudes, but the belief in the specific deterrent effect of punishments was the only variable that had a significant net effect on these attitudes in our multivariate analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this study for future research on public opinion about crime and punishment in China.

• Document type Article
• Countries list China
• Themes list Public opinion, Public debate,

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Indonesian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)Tagalog : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)Japanese : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)Divehi : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)German : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

That the European area is a zone free of capital punishment is the result of a complex process of restraints that has evolved over the last 50 years. Domestic, regional and universal international law, as well as certain components within each level, have influenced each other to produce a dynamic, circular movement towards abolition. Starting from the internal level, restraints on the death penalty rose up to the regional and universal levels, and then descended back down into domestic law. This process, however, has not produced a completely closed circle, and certain countries in Europe retain legislation permitting recourse to the death penalty for certain crimes, especially war crimes and, according to recent interpretations, criminal offences related to terrorist activity. Extradition or other administrative mechanisms of expulsion also illustrate potential disjunctions in the circle, as they may allow persons to be transferred to retentionist countries. Even though the legislative framework has significantly evolved in the last few years, the dominant role played by political evaluations creates new fissures in the abolitionist circle. Only recently have new abolitionist perspectives emerged from the ‘right of interference’ in foreign death penalty cases, which some countries try to exercise when their own nationals are involved.

• Document type Article
• Themes list Networks,

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Tagalog : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)Japanese : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)Italian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)Divehi : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)German : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Indonesian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)Tagalog : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)Italian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)Divehi : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)German : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Indonesian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)Japanese : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)Italian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)Divehi : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)German : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Indonesian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)Tagalog : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)Japanese : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)Italian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)German : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in Malay

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list Juveniles, Public debate, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages German : Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death PenaltyPoster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Persian)Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 17ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Cartel - 17º Día Mundial Contra la Pena de Muerte

17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in German

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list Juveniles, Public debate, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Malay : Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Malay)Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death PenaltyPoster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Persian)Poster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 17ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Cartel - 17º Día Mundial Contra la Pena de Muerte

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Indonesian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)Tagalog : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)Japanese : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)Italian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)Divehi : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in black and white

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list Juveniles, Public debate, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Affiche - 17ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mort (noir et blanc)

Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English)

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Indonesian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano)Tagalog : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog)Japanese : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese)Italian : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian)Divehi : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi)German : Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Arabic)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Farsi)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Russian)Affiche - 18ème Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Chinese)Poster - 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Spanish)

In this book Beth Berkowitz tells the story of modern scholarship on the ancient rabbinic death penalty and continues the story by offering a fresh perspective using the approaches of ritual studies, cultural criticism, and talmudic source criticism. Against the scholarly consensus, Berkowitz argues that the rabbinic laws of the death penalty were used by the early Rabbis in their efforts to establish themselves in the wake of the destruction of the Temple. The purpose of the laws, she contends, was to create a complex ritual of execution that was controlled by the Rabbis, thus bolstering their claims to authority in the context of Roman imperial domination.

• Document type Book
• Themes list Religion ,

While most western democracies have renounced the death penalty, capital punishment enjoys vast and growing support in the United States. A significant and vocal minority, however, continues to oppose it. Against Capital Punishment is the first full account of anti-death penalty activism in America during the years since the ten-year moratorium on executions ended.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Trend Towards Abolition,

The Flynn Effect is a well documented phenomenon demonstrating score increases on IQ measures over time that average about 0.3 points per year. Normative adjustments to scores derived from IQ measures normed more than a year or so prior to the time of testing an individual have become controversial in several settings but especially so in matters of death penalty litigation. Here we make the argument that if the Flynn Effect is real, then a Flynn Correction should be applied to obtained IQs in order to obtain the most accurate estimate of IQ possible. To fail to provide the most accurate estimate possible in matters that are truly life and death decisions seems wholly indefensible.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

This paper discusses some case law on detention issues by the Human Rights Committee (HRC) that supervises the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), as well as HRC case law on the so-called “death row phenomenon,” which involves forcing a person to live under conditions that spawn intense fear, distress, and the virtual destruction of the personality while awaiting execution.

• Document type Article
• Themes list Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment, Death Row Phenomenon,

The study results indicate that when test subjects, many of whom are likely retributivists, are presented with information about the problem of innocence, the drop in support for capital punishment spans all points on the Likert scale. Our study suggests that more rigorous testing may demonstrate that an individual’s knowledge of the “innocence problem” can generate more profond changes in attitudes toward the death penalty than indicted by previous studies of the marshall Hypotheses.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Public opinion, Innocence,

This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list International law, Trend Towards Abolition,
• Available languages Evolution de la campagne de ratification 8 - Aout 2011

This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list Networks,
• Available languages Evolution de la campagne de ratification 7 - mai 2011

This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list International law, Trend Towards Abolition,
• Available languages Evolution de la campagne de ratification 9 - Octobre 2011

This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list Networks,
• Available languages Evolution de la campagne de ratification 6 - mars 2011

The Death Penalty Project and Forensic Psychiatry Chambers have released two new publications, together providing an authoritative guide on the application of mental health law in capital cases. The resources respond to the knowledge that, in many countries that retain the death penalty, mental health issues are not being sufficiently addressed by the courts, leading to miscarriages of justice and putting vulnerable individuals at risk.This Casebook uses real-life examples to address ethical and professional questions and explore the application of legal principles.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Death Penalty,

List of states that have signed and/or ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Classifyied by region of the world as of 1st July 2011.

• Document type Lobbying
• Themes list Networks,
• Available languages Liste des Etats signataires du deuxième Protocole facultatif par région

Report of the 2019 World Day

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,
• Available languages Rapport annuel - Journée mondiale 2019

This 65-page report reveals the slipshod history of executions by lethal injection, using a protocol created three decades ago with no scientific research, nor modern adaptation, and still unchanged today. As the prisoner lies strapped to a gurney, a series of three drugs is injected into his vein by executioners hidden behind a wall. A massive dose of sodium thiopental, an anesthetic, is injected first, followed by pancuronium bromide, which paralyzes voluntary muscles, but leaves the prisoner fully conscious and able to experience pain. A third drug, potassium chloride, quickly causes cardiac arrest, but the drug is so painful that veterinarian guidelines prohibit its use unless a veterinarian first ensures that the pet to be put down is deeply unconscious. No such precaution is taken for prisoners being executed.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Lethal Injection,

On 18 April 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide and Malawi’s Paralegal Advisory Services Institute (PASI) released their report on “Malawian Traditional Leaders’ Perspectives on Capital Punishment” before a group of public officials and stakeholders in Lilongwe.The report analyses data from surveys of 102 traditional leaders in villages across Malawi. Clifford Msiska, the National Director of PASI, informed an audience in Lilongwe that over ninety percent of traditional leaders surveyed did not support the use of the death penalty to punish individuals convicted of murder. Only six traditional leaders stated that death was the appropriate penalty for murder. The rest preferred a term of years, life imprisonment with opportunity for early release, or (least frequently of all) life imprisonment with no opportunity for release.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Public opinion, Public debate, Death Penalty, Country/Regional profiles,

The state of Texas incarcerated him for nearly two decades — and nearly executed him twice — for murders he didn’t commit. And now, the state is balking at giving him the $1.4 million he’s owed for all the years he spent wrongfully imprisoned.

• Document type Legal Representation
• Themes list Innocence,

The dark room was a photography exhibition planned as part of a project lunched by Amnesty International Italy under the title “I am against the death penalty because…”. The exhibition was held in Rome at Palazzo delle Exposizioni, Sala della Fontana, from 8th to 20th June 2010.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Networks,

For this 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty the World Coalition has decided to focus on a social media campaign which it hopes will spread the truth about death penalty more widely than ever before. The concept is simple. People will make signs stating why they are against the death penalty and take a photo of themselves holding that sign and upload it onto a social media platform, with the hashtag #nodeathpenalty. With the photo uploaded, the person will nominate at least 3 people to do the same, thus creating an exponential (snowball) effect.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list Public opinion, Trend Towards Abolition,
• Available languages #nodeathpenalty - Flyer

The Egypt Death Penalty Index is a joint initiative of Reprieve and the Daftar Ahwal Data Research Center. The Index tracks Egypt’s use of capital punishment between 25 Janurary 2011 and 23 Septembrer 2018.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list Death Penalty, Country/Regional profiles,

The secrecy that surrounds capital punishment in Japan is taken to extremes not seen in other nations. This article describes the Japanese state’s policy of secrecy and explains how it developed in three historical stages: the “birth of secrecy” during the Meiji period (1867 – 1912); the creation and spread of “censored democracy” during the postwar Occupation (1945 – 1952); and the “acceleration of secrecy” during the decades that followed. The article then analyzes several justifications for secrecy that Japanese prosecutors provide. None seems cogent. The final section explores four meanings of the secrecy policy that relate to the sources of death penalty legitimacy, the salience of capital punishment, the nature of Japan’s democracy, and the role and rule of law in Japanese society.

• Document type Article
• Countries list Japan
• Themes list Transparency,

The case of Cameron Todd Willingham has become infamous and was enmeshed in the death penalty debate and the reelection of Texas Governor Rick Perry, who refused to grant a stay of execution. The governor has since attempted to derail an investigation by the Texas Forensic Science Commission.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Innocence,

Brandon Garrett hand-collected and analyzed national data, looking for causes and implications of this turnaround. End of Its Rope explains what he found, and why the story of who killed the death penalty, and how, can be the catalyst for criminal justice reform.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Due Process , Public debate, Death Penalty, Country/Regional profiles,

Drawing on his encyclopedic knowledge of the field, Bedau addresses topics such as strong public suppport for the death penalty, wrongful convictions, the disappearance of executive clemency, constitutional arguments surronding the Eight Amendment, and procedural reforms under consideration that move toward abolition.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

The penalty follows three people caught in the crosshairs of capital punishment, and the political landscape thatcould decide their fate. Going behind the scenes of some of the biggest headlines in the history of America’sdeath penalty, the film follows the lethal injection protocol crisis that resulted in a botched execution, therehabilitation of a man who spent 15 years on death row for a crime he didn’t commit, and the family of a youngwoman – brutally murdered – split by the state’s pursuit of the ultimate punishment.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Fair Trial, Right to life, Murder Victims' Families, Death Row Phenomenon, Lethal Injection, Death Penalty,

Lawyers are generally familiar with the ethical rule forbidding frivolous arguments, principally because of sanctions imposed under rules of civil procedure for making such arguments. Not all lawyers are aware, however, of two ways in which the prohibitions of frivolous arguments are restricted in both the rules themselves and in their enforcement. First, the ethical rules have express limitations with respect to arguments made on behalf of criminal defendants, and courts are generally loath to sanction criminal defense lawyers. Second, the term “frivolous” is narrowed, even in civil cases, by the way it is defined and explained in the ethical rules and in court decisions.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Legal Representation,

Poster of the 14th Wold Day against the death penalty dedicated to terrorism: Execution is a terrorist’s tool. Stop the cycle of violence

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list Terrorism,
• Available languages German : Poster - 14. Welttag gegen die TodesstrafeItalian : Poster - 14° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morteپوستر - رد روز جهانی علیه مجازات اعدام 2016плакат - Всемирный день 2016海報 - 世界反对死刑日 2016 繁體海報 - 世界反对死刑日2016 简化字Cartel - Día Mundial 2016Affiche Journée Mondiale 2016

This article explores the roots of white support for capital punishment in the United States. Our analysis addresses individual-level and contextual factors, paying particular attention to how racial attitudes and racial composition influence white support for capital punishment. Our findings suggest that white support hinges on a range of attitudes wider than prior research has indicated, including social and governmental trust and individualist and authoritarian values. Extending individual-level analyses, we also find that white responses to capital punishment are sensitive to local context. Perhaps most important, our results clarify the impact of race in two ways. First, racial prejudice emerges here as a comparatively strong predictor of white support for the death penalty. Second, black residential proximity functions to polarize white opinion along lines of racial attitude. As the black percentage of county residents rises, so too does the impact of racial prejudice on white support for capital punishment.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Public opinion,

Within the international community, other countries have recognized the potential for harm caused by our current system, and as a result have refused to extradite back to the United States individuals who might face the death penalty. These countries cite not only the possibility of execution as reason for refusal, but the waiting process which attends that death as a separate, independent violation of human rights. If we remain unpersuaded by the international community, the behavioral trends of those individuals awaiting execution are telling as well. Within one week in 2008, two individuals awaiting death in Texas committed suicide, reflecting the heightened suicide rates on death row, estimated at ten times greater than those in society at large and several times greater than those in a general prison population. In addition, the widely-recognized practice of “volunteering” for execution permits condemned inmates to waive their state and federally mandated rights to appeal in order to speed up the execution process, in essence “volunteering” to be executed.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Death Row Phenomenon, Extradition,

The stories of parents, siblings, children, and cousins chronicled in this book-vividly illustrate the precarious position family members of capital offenders occupy in the criminal justice system. They live in the shadow of death, crushed by trauma, grief, and helplessness. In this penetrating account of guilt and innocence, shame and triumph, devastating loss and ultimate redemption, the voices of these family members add a new dimension to debates about capital punishment and how communities can prevent and address crime.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

The authors gathered information on 1665 death-eligible cases nationwide for three years at decade intervals: 1994, 2004, and 2014. In 517 cases death sentences were imposed; in 311 cases sentences spared the defendants from death sentences, and in 837 cases prosecutors spared defendants from death sentences.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Death Penalty, Statistics, Country/Regional profiles,

External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey

• Document type World Coalition
• Countries list Maldives / Philippines / Turkey
• Available languages Appel d'Offre Evaluation 2021

The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) is one of the world’s principal regional human rights bodies.It promotes democratic elections, respect for human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, and the rule of law. ODIHR is the human rights institution of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), an intergovernmental body working for stability, prosperity and democracy in its 56 participating States.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Networks,
• Available languages Polish : Czym jest ODIHR?Greek : Τι είναι το ODIHR;German : Was ist das ODIHR?Что такое БДИПЧ?Qu’est-ce que le BIDDH?

This document provides a list of the members of the Arab League and the origins of the organisation. It also describes its composition and provides contact information.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Networks,

The Last Supper illustrates the meal requests of U.S. death row inmates. Cobalt blue mineral paint is applied to second-hand plates, then kiln-fired by technical advisor Toni Acock. I am looking for a space to exhibit all the plates on a ten-year loan. 540 final meals, and two first meals on the outside for exonerated men, are completed to date. I plan to continue adding fifty plates a year until capital punishment is abolished.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Death Row Conditions,

In May 2019, at least 85 alleged juvenile offenders were sitting on death row in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Last year, seven child offenders were executed, and since the year 2000, Iran has put to death at least 140 individuals for offenses they allegedly committed as children. Today, on World Day Against the Death Penalty, Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC) releases an original report titled, Children, Yet Convicted as Adults, which challenges Iran’s justifications for the use of capital punishment against child offenders, examines the question of maturity through the lens of empirical scientific research, and calls on the Islamic Republic to take immediate action to ensure that no individual is put to death for crimes committed as a child

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Juveniles, Death Penalty,

Executions per Death Sentence, with cumulative death sentences (1977 through 2010), cumulative executions (1977 through 2010) and executions per death sentence, per State.

• Document type NGO report

Spring 2020 edition of Death Row USA, on the situation of the death penalty in the USA as of April 2020

• Document type NGO report
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Statistics,

This video explores the case of Greg Tomson who killed a 28 year woman. Originally he was seen as competent to stand trial, now his defense who are appealing his case, are trying to show that Tomson was not mentally stable when he committed the crime and also that he does not understand why the state is seeking the death penalty against him.

• Document type Legal Representation
• Themes list Networks,

On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for judges.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list Fair Trial, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Death Penalty,
• Available languages : Fiche d'information pour les juges - Journée mondiale 2020

This leaflet gives details about the importance of the Protocol for the abolitionist movement and explains the reasons behind this ratification campaign.

• Document type Lobbying
• Themes list International law,
• Available languages Folleto - campaña de ratificaciónBrochure campagne de ratification Protocole ONU

The report denounces the judicial use of the death penalty in Iran in 2012

• Document type Article
• Countries list Iran (Islamic Republic of)
• Themes list Statistics,
• Available languages گزارش سالانھ مجازات اعدام در ایران سال ۲۱۰۲Rapport Annuel sur la peine de mort en Iran 2012Annual Report: Death Penalty in Iran 2011گزارش سالانه اعدام در ایرا سال ۱۱۲۲Rapport annuel sur la peine de mort en Iran 2011

Thisreport examines the imposition of the death penalty in Iran in light of international human rightsstandards.This report will also examine and discuss the judicial process applied in casesinvolving punishment by the death penalty.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Countries list Iran (Islamic Republic of)
• Themes list Due Process , Fair Trial, International law,

Malaysia is one of only a handful of countries around the world that continues to retain a mandatory death penalty. The newly elected Malaysian government has promised to abolish mandatory death sentences and other “oppressive laws”. This short animation sheds light on what the mandatory death penalty is, what the Malaysian public think about it and why it is time to consign this abhorrent punishment to history.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Countries list Malaysia
• Themes list Public opinion, Drug Offences, Mandatory Death Penalty,

Women sentenced to death: an invisible reality.

• Document type Campaigning
• Themes list Women
• Available languages 2021اليوم العالمي ضدّ عقوبة الاعدامPoster ES - 2021 Día Mundial contra la Pena de Muerte2021روز جهانی علیه مجازات مرگAffiche FR - 2021 Journée mondiale contre la peine de mortPoster RU- 2021 Всемирный день против смертной казниPoster ZH 2021- 世界反死刑日

Poster of the 15th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to poverty. Poverty and Justice: a Deadly Mix.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Themes list Discrimination,
• Available languages German : Poster - 15. Welttag gegen die TodesstrafeItalian : Poster - 15° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morteپوستر - رد روز جهانی علیه مجازات اعدام 2017плакат - Всемирный день 2017海報 - 世界反对死刑日 2017 繁體海報 - 世界反对死刑日2017 简化字Affiche Journée Mondiale 2017Cartel -15° Día mundial contra la pena de muerte

When the Supreme Court is deciding death, how much does law matter? Scholars long have lamented the majoritarian nature of the Court’s Eighth Amendment “evolving standards of decency” doctrine, but their criticism misses the mark. Majoritarian doctrine does not drive the Court’s decisions in this area; majoritarian forces elsewhere do. To make my point, I first examine three sets of “evolving standards” death penalty decisions in which the Court implicitly or explicitly reversed itself, attacking the legal justification for the Court’s change of position and offering an extralegal explanation for why those cases came out the way they did. I then use political science models of Supreme Court decisionmaking to explain how broader social and political forces push the Court toward majoritarian death penalty rulings for reasons wholly independent of majoritarian death penalty doctrine. Finally, I bring the analysis full [*pg 2] circle, showing how broader sociopolitical forces even led to the development of the “evolving standards” doctrine. In the realm of death penalty decisionmaking, problematic doctrine is not to blame for majoritarian influences; rather, majoritarian influences are to blame for problematic doctrine. The real obstacle to countermajoritarian decisionmaking is not doctrine, but the inherently majoritarian tendencies of the Supreme Court itself.

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

This submission addresses Iraq’s compliance with its human rights obligations withregard to its use of the death penalty. This submission concludes that Iraq cannotguarantee its citizens adequate domestic and international guarantees against the arbitrarydeprivation of life and therefore should abolish the death penalty.

• Document type Multimedia content
• Countries list Iraq
• Themes list Fair Trial, Arbitrariness,

She tells the story of two inmates she came to know as a spiritual adviser. Dobie Williams, a poor black man with an IQ of 65 from rural Louisiana, was executed after being represented by incompetent counsel and found guilty by an all-white jury based mostly on conjecture and speculation. Joseph O’Dell was convicted of murder after the court heard from an inmate who later admitted to giving false testimony for his own benefit. O’Dell received neither an evidentiary hearing nor potentially exculpatory DNA testing and was executed, insisting on his innocence the whole while. Besides exploring the shaky cases against them, Prejean describes in vivid detail the thoughts and feelings of Williams and O’Dell as their bids for clemency fail and they are put to death. The second part of the book details “the machinery of death,” the legal process that Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun, dismayed at the inequities of the death penalty, cited as his reason for resigning and that current justice Antonin Scalia has boasted of being a part of.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

For two hundred years, the constitutionality of capital punishment had been axiomatic. But in 1962, Justice Arthur Goldberg and his clerk Alan Dershowitz dared to suggest otherwise, launching an underfunded band of civil rights attorneys on a quixotic crusade. In 1972, in a most unlikely victory, the Supreme Court struck down Georgia’s death penalty law in Furman v. Georgia. Though the decision had sharply divided the justices, nearly everyone, including the justices themselves, believed Furman would mean the end of executions in America.Instead, states responded with a swift and decisive showing of support for capital punishment. As anxiety about crime rose and public approval of the Supreme Court declined, the stage was set in 1976 for Gregg v. Georgia, in which the Court dramatically reversed direction.A Wild Justice is an extraordinary behind-the-scenes look at the Court, the justices, and the political complexities of one of the most racially charged and morally vexing issues of our time.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Due Process , Country/Regional profiles,

The second edition of America’s Experiment with Capital Punishment is an updated and expanded version of the comprehensive first edition. Chapters, authored by the country’s leading legal and social science scholars, have been revised to include a host of important developments since the 1998 edition. Thus, new evidence and information is presented concerning racial disparities in the administration of the death penalty, wrongful convictions, deterrence, the prediction of future dangerousness, jury decision-making, public opinion about the death penalty, the effects of the capital punishment process on murder victims’ and offenders’ relatives, death row incarceration, the costs of capital punishment, execution methods, and many other issues.

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States

The Darkest Hour: Stories and Interviews from Death Row by Nanon M. Williams emerged from a deep and dark despair in a place where the thought of suicide often holds more appeal than the thought of living

• Document type Book
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment, Death Row Conditions,

In the past thirty years, American attitudes towards those convicted of crimes have followed a devastating progression toward the dehumanization of criminal defendants. The evolution of law and policy has mirrored these changing attitudes. The philosophies behind incarceration have shifted from “facilitat[ing inmates’] productive re-entry back into the free world” to “using imprisonment merely to punish criminal offenders by … “containing’ them behind bars … for as long as possible.” 4 Rather than preventing crime or rehabilitating offenders, incarceration has become a means to satisfy society’s desire for vengeance and retribution. Responding to this push to punish, prosecutors in their haste to obtain a conviction are more likely to stress the heinousness of crimes rather than questioning the circumstances surrounding …

• Document type Article
• Countries list United States
• Themes list Networks,

The purpose of this article is (1) to establish that increasing punitiveness characterizes criminal justice policies in Japan and (2) to explain this trend in terms of the penal populism promoted by crime victims and supporting politicians. This article first examines newspaper articles to illuminate the increasingly punitive character of recent criminal justice policies in Japan in terms of both legislation and judicial decisions. The next section discusses the main contributing factors behind this trend and its public acceptance. The next two sections discuss two related issues: the public’s subjective sense of security, and the lack of a role for empirical criminologists in criminal justice policy making in Japan. The concluding section compares the Japanese and Anglo-American situations and argues that the same penal populism seen in Anglo-American countries is rapidly rising in Japan, and that public distrust of government has ironically increased the state’s investigative, prosecutorial, and sentencing powers in Japan. This article closes with the conjecture that police, prosecutors, and judges are unlikely to relinquish their increased power in the event that they gain the public’s trust and equally unlikely in the event of a change of the ruling party.

• Document type Article
• Countries list Japan
• Themes list Networks,

Lebih banyak orang yang dieksekusi mati di kawasan Asia-Pasifik dibandingkan dengan gabungan jumlah hukuman mati di kawasan lain di dunia. Ditambah lagi adanya kemungkinan bahwa mereka dieksekusi hukuman mati setelah melalui sebuah peradilan yang tidak adil, maka ketidakadilan yang sangat besar dari hukuman ini menjadi semakin jelas.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Fair Trial,
• Available languages Korean : 아시아에서의 치명적 불의 불공정 재판을 멈춰라, 사형집행을 중단하라.Thai : การประหารชีวิตที่อยุติธรรม ในภูมิภาคเอเชีย ยุติการพิจารณาคดีที่ไม่เป็นธรรม ยกเลิกการประหารชีวิตUrdu : یفاصناان کلہم ںیم ایشیا ںیرک متخ توم ےازس ،دنب تامدقم ہنافصنمریغTagalog : NAKAMAMATAY NA KAWALAN NG KATARUNGAN SA ASYA Itigil ang Di Makatarungang paglilitis, Itigil ang PagbitayMongolian : АЗИ ТИВ ДЭХ ЭНЭРЭЛГҮЙ ШУДАРГА БУС ЯВДАЛ Шударга бусaap шүүх явдлыг зогсоож, цаазын ялыг халъяJapanese : 不当に奪われる生命 ～アジアにおける不公正な裁判を止め、 死刑執行の停止を～Hindi : एशिया में घातक अन्याय: समाप्ति अनुचित परीक्षण, सज़ाएँ बंद करोLethal Injustice in Asia: End unfair trials, stop executions亚洲的致命不公: 终止不公审判，停止处决

This document briefly goes through the steps involved in a death penalty case, from the point of arrest to judge sentences.

• Document type Working with...
• Themes list Networks,

Report about the treatment of Pakistanis in the Saudi criminal justice system

• Document type NGO report
• Countries list Pakistan
• Themes list Discrimination, Foreign Nationals,

The purpose of this annual report on State-sponsored Homophobia, as stated since its first edition in 2007, is to name and shame the states which in the 21st century deny the most fundamental human rights to LGBTI people, i.e. the right to life and freedom, in the hope that with every year more and more countries decide to abandon the ‘community’ of homophobic states.Compared to last year’s report, where we listed the 77 countries prosecuting people on ground of their sexual orientation, this year you will find ―only‖ 76 in the same list, including the infamous 5 which put people to death for their sexual orientation: Iran, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen (plus some parts of Nigeria and Somalia). One country less compared to the 2009 list may seem little progress, until one realizes that it hosts one sixth of the human population.

• Document type NGO report
• Themes list Homosexuality,
• Available languages Portuguese : Homofobia do Estado: Uma pesquisa mundial sobre legislações que proíbem relações sexuais consensuais entre adultos do mesmo sexoHomophobie d'État: Une enquête mondiale sur les lois qui interdisent la sexualité entre adultes consentants de même sexeHomofobia de Estado: Un informe mundial sobre las leyes que prohiben la actividad homosexual con consentimiento entre personas adultas

Reforming Criminal Justice is a four-volume report meant to enlighten reform efforts in the United States with the research and analysis of leading academics. Broken down into individual chapters—each authored by a top scholar in the relevant field—the report covers dozens of topics within the areas of criminalization, policing, pretrial and trial processes, punishment, incarceration, and release. The chapters seek to enhance both professional and public understanding of the subject matter, to facilitate an appreciation of the relevant scholarly literature and the need for reform, and to offer potential solutions. The ultimate goal is to increase the likelihood of success when worthwhile reforms are debated, put to a vote or otherwise considered for action, and implemented in the criminal justice system.

• Document type Academic report
• Themes list Due Process , Fair Trial, Legal Representation, Death Penalty,

The race of the victim and the race of the defendant in capital cases are major factors in determining who is sentenced to die in this country. In 1990 a report from the General Accounting Office concluded that “in 82 percent of the studies [reviewed], race of the victim was found to influence the likelihood of being charged with capital murder or receiving the death penalty, i.e. those who murdered whites were more likely to be sentenced to death than those who murdered blacks.

• Document type Arguments against the death penalty
• Themes list Discrimination,