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Article(s)
Capital punishment now part of Togo’s history
on 24 June 2009
Togo’s National Assembly passed a bill abolishing the death penalty on June 23, 2009. Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Zapatero, who was visiting the country, attended the parliamentary session to witness the event.
2009
Togo
Togo
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/559c040bccd48f6f89630f326563f902_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Statutes of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty
on 26 June 2011
Amended by the General Assembly on June 26, 2011
2011
![taiwan supreme court](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/taiwan-suprem-court-1.jpg)
Article(s)
Notes on the Supreme Court Trial in the Chen Fu-hsiang Case: Life or Death Debates in the Style of ChatGPT
By Lin Tzu-Wei (Legal Director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty), on 14 July 2023
Article first published in april on TAEDP’s website Return of life or death debates Following the previous oral arguments on death penalty cases at the Supreme Court in 2021, another life or death debate took place in April this year. This time, I had the opportunity to attend the oral arguments of the “Chen Fu-hsiang […]
2023
Taiwan
![instrumentalisation of the death penalty - 8th world congress pannel](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/instrumentalisation-of-the-death-penalty-8th-world-congress.jpg)
Article(s)
How the Death Penalty is Politicized: A Reflection on the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty
By Dunia Schaffa, on 27 January 2023
During the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, in Berlin Germany, the phrase “the death penalty is being used as a political tool” was used frequently – in panels, in round tables, in speeches, even amongst the participants getting a coffee in between Congress events.
2023
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
United States
Document(s)
“No One Believed Me”: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses
on 5 October 2021
2021
NGO report
Drug Offenses
Women
frMore details See the document
“No one believed me” is a quote from Merri Utami, who was sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Indonesia in 2002. Her quote reflects the injustices faced by women accused of capital drug offenses around the world: many decision-makers disbelieve women’s plausible innocence claims or discount the effects of relationships and economic instability on women’s decisions to traffic drugs.
Document(s)
Killing in the Name of God: State-sanctioned Violations of Religious Freedom
By Eleos Justice, Monash University, on 10 November 2021
2021
Academic report
Brunei Darussalam
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Maldives
Mauritania
Nigeria
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
More details See the document
As of 2020, blasphemy was formally criminalised in some 84 countries. As many as 21 countries criminalised apostasy as of 2019. The legal penalties for such offences range from fines to imprisonment to corporal punishment—and in at least 12 countries, the death penalty.
This report examines the extent to which States commit, or are complicit in, killings that violate religious freedom. Focussing on the 12 States in which offences against religion are lawfully punishable by death, we examine four different types of State-sanctioned killings on the basis of religious offence (apostasy, blasphemy, or alike) or affiliation (most commonly, membership of a religious minority): judicial executions, extrajudicial killings, killings by civilians, and killings by extremist groups. We explore the relationship between the retention of the death penalty for religious offences and other forms of State-sanctioned killings motivated by alleged religious offending or by religious identity.
- Document type Academic report
- Countries list Brunei Darussalam / Iran (Islamic Republic of) / Maldives / Mauritania / Nigeria / Qatar / Saudi Arabia / Somalia / United Arab Emirates / Yemen
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8a3329ed2cda37bfb8438d280aab36d5_2-1.jpg)
Article(s)
Closing ceremony of the project « My pencil for abolition » at the French Ministry of foreign affairs
By Marion Gauer, on 27 May 2016
On May 23rd, 2016, the closing ceremony of the project “My pencil for abolition” took place at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This project was organized by the team of “Educating and Raising Awareness on Abolition” in the association Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM): it consisted in involving a few middle and high school’s classes, from Lorraine, Belfort and the Parisian region, in the elaboration of articles and cartoons in order to create a magazine committed to the abolition of the death penalty, known as the Abolition Mag.
2016
Public Opinion
Article(s)
World Coalition takes part in UN death penalty report launch
on 30 May 2010
The World Coalition held a side event to accompany the presentation of the 8th Quinquennial Report of the UN Secretary General on capital punishment in Vienna on May 19.
2010
Death Row Conditions
Innocence
Juveniles
Legal Representation
Article(s)
Hank Skinner’s execution stayed amid international action
on 25 March 2010
The American death row inmate heard the news less than one hour before he was scheduled to die. From Huntsville to Paris, activists demand that new evidence be examined.
2010
Innocence
United States
Article(s)
Flurry of educational events on World Day Against the Death Penalty
on 6 November 2009
An abolitionist wave of marches, cultural happenings, petition signings and educational events swept across the world for the 7th World Day on October 10.
2009
Australia
Clemency
Democratic Republic of the Congo
India
Indonesia
Innocence
Public Opinion
Taiwan
United States
Page(s)
Life of the Network
on 22 June 2020
Abolitionists around the world are mobilizing to end the death penalty. World Day, World Congress, important events for the life of the World Coalition such as the steering committees, but also meetings, events and actions carried out by our members around the world: do not miss any event related to the fight against the death […]
2020
Article(s)
Activists from Burundi, Rwanda and DR Congo join forces
on 3 December 2008
The Great Lakes Regional Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its first meeting on November 17 in Kinshasa. Its lobbying efforts have accelerated Burundi’s legislative process.
2008
Burundi
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Moratorium
Rwanda
Page(s)
Become a member
on 22 June 2020
Only legal entities can join the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty In accordance with article 5.1. of its Bylaws, the World Coalition welcomes organizations that share the aim of the universal abolition of the death penalty. What the World Coalition offers its members What the World Coalition does not offer its members How members […]
2020
![Understanding the link between the Death Penalty and Torture](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/world-day-against-torture.jpg)
Article(s)
International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: Understanding the link between the Death Penalty and Torture
By Wendy Adouki, on 26 June 2023
Today, 26th June 2023, the world is commemorating the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International Day). Started in 1987, this International Day began when the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UN Convention Against Torture) came into force; a crucial legal text to combat […]
2023
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment
Death Row Conditions
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e7ed30e7099e79025228b43ac066e494_2.jpg)
Article(s)
‘Sakineh’ campaign to culminate in worldwide protests
on 25 August 2010
What started as an effort to save an Iranian woman sentenced to death by stoning is turning into a global movement for human rights and against capital punishment.
2010
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Public Opinion
Article(s)
Petition against the Death Penalty
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 1 October 2011
139 nations have already abolished the death penalty. In December 2012, the United Nations’ General Assembly will vote on a resolution calling for a worldwide halt to its use. We, the undersigned, in recognition of the five million people who signed the moratorium petition that was handed to the United Nations’ General Assembly in […]
2011
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8ad78de88f174a2399cc1fe98ed9c7ec_2-1.jpg)
Article(s)
The death penalty for drugs must go, it has no place in a civilised society
By Aurélie Plaçais, on 21 October 2015
Those were the words of Anand Grover, former UN Special Rapporteur on the right to health during the opening ceremony of Harm Reduction International’s 24th conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2015
China
Drug Offenses
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4fe9de2ec2209ef1b0929f27d1c7becb_2.jpg)
Article(s)
World Coalition members share knowledge on UN advocacy
By Asil Abuassba (The Advocates for Human Rights), on 19 February 2015
Asil Abuassba, a Palestinian intern with World Coalition member organisation The Advocates for Human Rights, attended a training session to help global activists submit reports on the death penalty situation in their countries to UN bodies.
2015
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment
Death Row Conditions
Fair Trial
Innocence
Intellectual Disability
Juveniles
Mental Illness
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9a71589104663251548826e18b2ae644_2.jpg)
Article(s)
ADPAN network strengthens abolitionists across Asia
By Aurélie Plaçais (in Taipei, Taiwan), on 9 December 2014
The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, a coalition hosted by Amnesty International in London since 2006, has become an independent organisation registered in Malaysia and held its first AGM in Taipei, Taiwan on 4-5 December.
2014
China
Japan
Malaysia
Mongolia
Public Opinion
Republic of Korea
Taiwan
Taiwan
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/55e3eec3dec4e9865d9b77edfde83947_2.jpg)
Article(s)
ECPM takes social media campaign to the fair ground
By Bronwyn Dudley, on 16 September 2014
World Coalition member organisation Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) was at September’s Fête de l’Humanité in Paris to spread awareness of the 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10.
2014
France
Intellectual Disability
Mental Illness
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bcb87f6be68fff98d26c7839920aefc4_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Belarus ends more than one year without execution
By Daria Gribanova, on 14 April 2014
Despite an execution this month, Amnesty International’s latest annual report on the death penalty shows Belarus did not kill any prisoner last year, meaning Europe and Central Asia was execution-free for the first time since 2009. This achievement bolsters local abolitionists – despite the risks they face in their activism.
2014
Belarus
Belarus
Moratorium
Page(s)
What is the Risk that the Death Penalty Will Return in Your Country?
on 20 August 2021
This interactive tool will allow you to identify the threat levels of the resurgence of the death penalty in your country. It is based on key indicators drawn from the experience of the World Coalition’s pilot project in three countries: the Maldives, the Philippines and Turkey from 2018 to 2021.
2021
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d260465d8b8b61441edf9f428ae35f58_2-1.jpg)
Article(s)
How to work with international bodies?
By Maria Donatelli, on 10 June 2013
The World Coalition is taking part in a workshop on mutual work relationships between international organisations and civil society at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. Here are tips for activists who would like to work with UN and regional bodies.
2013
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/90b24545434df9bb331e5fb453f01e52_2.jpg)
Article(s)
New defense manual to help lawyers in capital cases worldwide
By Thomas Hubert, on 29 May 2013
The World Coalition, together with Death Penalty Worldwide and the law firm of Fredrikson & Byron P.A., has launched the English and French editions of a manual compiling guidelines for defense lawyers whose clients face the death penalty at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty.
2013
Legal Representation
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b5763ce18a872e462c29d2a3e812f6fb_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Japan in breach of international standards, opinion wavering – study
By Thomas Hubert, on 14 March 2013
A report published by the Death Penalty Project and the Center for Prisoners’ Rights shows that Japanese law and practice on capital punishment violate international treaties, and questions the high level of public support for the death penalty reported by the authorities.
2013
Japan
Public Opinion
![World Coalition Against the Death Penalty](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1.png)
Article(s)
Call for tenders for an external final evaluation
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 15 June 2021
External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey
2021
Maldives
Philippines
Turkey
Document(s)
Leaflet – World Day 2023
on 12 June 2023
2023
Campaigning
World Coalition
arfrMore details Download [ pdf - 1095 Ko ]
Leaflet for the 21th World Day against the death penalty (2023), on torture and the death penalty.
- Document type Campaigning / World Coalition
- Available languages كتيب - اليوم العالمي 2023Brochure - Journée mondiale 2023
Document(s)
DPIC Special Report: The Innocence Epidemic
By Death Penalty Information Center, on 20 July 2022
2022
NGO report
Innocence
United States
More details See the document
A Death Penalty Information Center Analysis of 185 Death-Row Exonerations Shows Most Wrongful Convictions Are Not Merely Accidental.
- Document type NGO report
- Countries list United States
- Themes list Innocence
Document(s)
Death in the time of Covid-19: Efforts to restore the death penalty in the Philippines
By Jose M.Jose and Maria Corazon A.De Ungria, on 10 August 2021
2021
Academic report
Drug Offenses
Philippines
More details See the document
The Philippine Congress recently passed a bill amending the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses. House Bill No. 7814 also allows the presumption of guilt in certain drug-related crimes unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing constitutional presumption of innocence.
The bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away before being signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte. This paper discusses the ramifications of the new bill and the questioned timeliness of its passage when the country continues to have a large and overcrowded prison population and a significant number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia.
The government’s lapses in following the 2021 national vaccination plan became apparent in the 31 March 2021 assessment made by the congressional health panel on the government’s response to the pandemic.
From the authors’ perspective, the urgency of using the country’s limited resources to help medical frontliners and local government units prevent further infections and save lives should have outweighed the efforts exerted to pass a law that legalized the death penalty for the third time in the Philippines.
- Document type Academic report
- Countries list Philippines
- Themes list Drug Offenses
Document(s)
2021 World Day Report
on 10 June 2022
2022
World Coalition
Women
frMore details Download [ pdf - 4154 Ko ]
On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. In 2021, the World Day explored the theme “Women sentenced to death, an invisible reality” to raise awareness on how the treatment of gender and gender-based inequalities create particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment. This report presents the activities organised for the 19th World Day and the media coverage it received.
- Document type World Coalition
- Themes list Women
- Available languages Rapport journée mondiale 2021
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8426a6bc81fc2145ec1d3cb26e5b8067_2.jpeg)
Member(s)
Lualua Center for Human Rights
on 30 April 2020
The objectives of Lualua Center for Human Rights are: 1- To contribute in the promotion of economic, social, cultural, environmental and civil growth according to the international declaration of human rights and subsequent relevant international conventions. 2- To work on achieving integrity and transparency and fighting corruption. To enshrine the concept of citizenship by promoting […]
2020
Lebanon
Document(s)
Death Penalty in India – Annual Statistics Report 2021
By Project 39A, on 4 February 2022
2022
Academic report
India
More details See the document
Project 39A at the National Law University, Delhi published the sixth edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report which provides an annual update on the use of the death penalty in India along with legislative and international developments on the issue. As on 31st December 2021, there were 488 prisoners on death row across India (a steep rise of nearly 21% from 2020), with Uttar Pradesh having the highest number at 86. This is the highest the death row population has been since 2004 as per the data from the Prison Statistics published by the National Crime Records Bureau.
- Document type Academic report
- Countries list India
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a9fb4dea4f1826734050703263be38be_2.jpg)
Article(s)
10.10.10 Looking back on the World Day in Asia
on 3 December 2010
The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network rounds up reports from the main events organised across the Asia-Pacific region for World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10.
2010
Australia
Bangladesh
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Italy
Japan
Pakistan
Singapore
Terrorism
United States
Article(s)
Bad press for China after Briton’s execution
on 10 January 2010
Bitter criticism has been targeting China since the execution of British national Akmal Shaikh in the Chinese province of Xinjiang on December 29 after he was found guilty of transporting drugs.
2010
China
Mental Illness
United Kingdom
Article(s)
Greater Caribbean for Life – Project Manager
By Greater Caribbean for Life, on 7 June 2018
The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) is currently seeking to appoint a part-time Project Manager, to assist with the management, administration, and implementation of a project seeking to restrict and reform the use of the death penalty in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States.
2018
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/949d6efc1d09b6239b051d5a17d72ecf_2-1.png)
Article(s)
Philippines: Do not revive the Death Penalty
By Ngeow Chow Ying, for the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), on 15 January 2017
ADPAN strongly urges all members of the Philippine House of Representative and Senate to reject the reinstatement of the death penalty and uphold the rights to life as enshrined in the Constitution.
2017
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7d13ab6d8e2466416033265d4f76b9c2_2.jpg)
Article(s)
The Greater Caribbean for Life rejects the call for the resumption of the death penalty
By Leela Ramdeen, on 9 November 2017
The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL), an independent, not-for-profit regional civil society organization working towards the abolition of the Death Penalty in the region, rejects the recommendation for the resumption of the death penalty.
2017
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/38aa17510a075b710a2b2828a7e94f12_2-1.jpg)
Article(s)
No mention of death row prisoners in Mandela rules
By Nordine Drici (Planète Réfugiés) & Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner (ECPM), on 30 November 2018
Commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 2018 is an opportunity to question the effectiveness of civil and political rights, but also economic, social and cultural rights, in the context of an increasingly globalized world that ostracizes, excludes, sentences to death and continues to execute.
2018
Death Row Conditions
Ending the Death Penalty in Africa
on 10 June 2022
The African continent is part of the international movement towards universal abolition. In 1990, only one country, Cap Verde, had abolished the death penalty. Today, out of the 55 African Union member States, 26 have abolished the death penalty in law, 15 are applying a long-term moratorium on executions while 15 retain capital punishment. Chad […]
2022
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cc3116a5143ee644e884ff5139100376_2-1.jpg)
Article(s)
COVID-19: Calling for a Worldwide Moratorium on the Death Penalty During the Pandemic
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 18 June 2020
“When the whole world is trying hard to save lives from COVID-19, an execution by the state is contradictory and perverse” said Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
2020
Moratorium
Article(s)
According to Taiwanese civil society, new President Tsai Ing-wen might relaunch debate on the abolition of the death penalty
By Marion Gauer, on 31 March 2016
Even though Taiwanese general mindset appears to be quite in favor of death penalty, Taiwanese civil society expects some changes to happen in the application of death penalty under the presidency of Tsai Ing-wen. In his article “Taiwan: Can Tsai Ing-Wen Change the Politics of Death?”, Michael Caster – graduate student at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, as well as human rights advocate and civil society consultant based in East Asia – quotes Executive Director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, Lin Hsin-yi, on that controversial matter.
2016
Taiwan
Article(s)
Clever use of online tools could boost activism
on 28 February 2010
Kathy Brown, an English IT specialist, is not the typical anti-death penalty campaigner. She is not an NGO-registered lawyer nor a political science student. But through the internet, she has become active in the global abolitionist community.
2010
China
Drug Offenses
Mental Illness
![A country is considered to have repealed the death penalty in practice if it has not executed anyone in 10 years or if the government has officially committed to a moratorium. Image: TAEDP](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/abolition-taiwan.jpg)
Article(s)
Does one year of “double zero” mean the death penalty has been repealed? How close is Taiwan to abolishing capital punishment?
By Lin Hsin-yi, Executive Director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, on 28 April 2022
After the end of the last workday of 2021, it became clear that no one would be sentenced to death or executed that year – the first time ever that Taiwan has experienced “double-zero.”
2022
Taiwan
Article(s)
World Coalition hands 5 million signatures over to the UN
on 1 November 2007
The President of UN General Assembly is to receive 5 million signatures calling for a moratorium on executions collected worldwide by the Community of Sant’Egidio and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
2007
Albania
Angola
Brazil
Croatia
Gabon
Mexico
Moratorium
New Zealand
Philippines
Portugal
Article(s)
Book: a victory on the road to abolition
on 19 January 2010
The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty has just published Staving off the Executioner, a book describing the Taiwanese abolitionist movement’s strategies, challenges and successes.
2010
Fair Trial
Legal Representation
Taiwan
Taiwan
Article(s)
US Supreme Court revives “failed” death penalty
on 17 April 2008
The World Coalition condemns the April 16th decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the lethal injection as a humane method of executing a human being.
2008
Moratorium
United States
![project39A-logo](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/project39A-logo-1.jpg)
Member(s)
Project 39A
on 13 September 2022
Project 39A is a criminal justice initiative, based in the National Law University, Delhi – a prestigious public university in New Delhi. Inspired by Article 39-A of the Indian Constitution, Project 39A’s work furthers the intertwined values of equal justice and equal opportunity. Project 39A uses empirical research to re-examine policies on various criminal justice […]
2022
India
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c59647ebe1607c426ecfcb7ba63cda6c_2.gif)
Member(s)
Collectif des Organisations des Jeunes Solidaires (COJESKI)
on 30 April 2020
The Collectif des organisations des jeunes solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa RDC [Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC, COJESKI-RDC] is a platform consisting of 340 youth organisations which has been operating in Congo-Zaire since 1995. Its main aim is to promote and defend positive human values, sustainable development and good governance of the Democratic Republic […]
2020
Democratic Republic of the Congo
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/82b324d8fcd777ef36d863c124144bdf_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Inmates’Voices
on 30 April 2020
Switzerland
Member(s)
Save Anthony
on 30 April 2020
Save Anthony is a charity registered under the 1901 French law. It is designed to promote the story and finance the privately retained legal team of Anthony Mungin, sentenced to death and incarcerated at the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida (USA) since February 23rd, 1993. Anthony Mungin has always maintained his innocence for the […]
France
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3a03b911c663a6adc274a60faae567b2_2.jpg)
Member(s)
League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan
on 30 April 2020
The League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan aims at improving the legal consciousness of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, the protection of civil, social, economic and cultural rights of women in Tajikistan, gender equality, improving women’s status in society lawyer, as well as assisting in the preparation of legal training among young girls. League […]
Tajikistan
Member(s)
Legal Awareness Watch (LAW)
on 30 April 2020
Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) is a nonpartisan, non-profitable NGO registered under law since 1999, holding registration number 1388. Since its creation, LAW has been advocating, and raising awareness in Pakistan on human rights of prisoners in 104 Pakistani prisons i.e. the right to vote, right to dignity, right to life etc. Apart from the promotion […]
Pakistan
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e6878fbdae434bfd0efeb2a24135a130_2.gif)
Member(s)
Conférence Internationale des Barreaux
on 30 April 2020
The International Bar Association Conference (Conférence internationale des barreaux – CIB) was founded by representatives of 24 bar associations of countries that share both the French language and a common judicial tradition. It is now composed of 83 members. The CIB’s objective is to create a cooperation structure between them. It groups together associations that […]
France
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/49b808b4f7f42d88d88c3058c22a74e3_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Penal Reform International (PRI)
on 30 April 2020
Penal Reform International (PRI) is an independent international non-governmental organisation that structures its work through a policy programme, regional programmes, and a governance and strategy programme that ensures learning and impact. Registered in The Netherlands (registration no 40025979), PRI operates globally with offices in multiple locations. We work to promote criminal justice systems that uphold […]
United Kingdom
Document(s)
Swahili – Ripoti ya kimataifa ya amnesty international: hukumu za kifo na watu walioadhibiwa kifo 2023
on 29 May 2024
2024
NGO report
Trend Towards Abolition
More details Download [ pdf - 1806 Ko ]
Ufuatiliaji wa Amnesty International wa matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo duniani ulibaini watu
1,153 wanaofahamika kuwa walinyongwa mwaka 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia
31 kutoka 883 mwaka 2022. Hata hivyo nchi zinazowanyonga watu zilipungua kwa
kiwango kikubwa kutoka 20 mwaka 2022 hadi 16 mwaka 2023
- Document type NGO report
- Themes list Trend Towards Abolition
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/81ffe7a37adb8f0244ff035f6b7656e2_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI)
on 30 April 2020
The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental organisation aiming to enhance the knowledge, respect and observance of human rights in Uganda. FHRI’s objective is to remove obstacles to democratic development. The organisation defends the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and other internationally recognised human rights instruments. FHRI undertakes […]
2020
Uganda
![Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/abolition-zambia.jpg)
Article(s)
Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty
By Bronwyn Dudley, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 6 January 2023
On 23 December 2022, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema signed into law Penal Code (Amendment) Bill number 25, which bans the death penalty and the offence of criminal defamation of the president.
2023
Zambia
Article(s)
Program and Admin Assistant
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 5 January 2017
The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits interns twice a year for a period of 6 months (from March to August and from September to February).
2017
Article(s)
Human Rights Advocacy Officer
By Harm Reduction International, on 17 August 2017
Harm Reduction International is currently seeking to recruit Human Rights Advocacy Officer. Working as a member of the Campaigns and Advocacy Team.
2017
Article(s)
Program and Admin Assistant (Trainee)
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 9 October 2018
The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits an intern for a period of 6 months starting in September 2019.
2018
Article(s)
Program and Admin Assistant (Trainee)
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 31 March 2020
The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months going from mid-June to mid December 2020.
2020
Article(s)
Country-by-country death penalty data now available
By Center for International Human Rights at Northwestern University School of Law, on 19 April 2011
A new statistic and legal database designed by Northwestern University in partnership with the World Coalition offers a unique view of the use of capital punishment in more than 90 states.
2011
Article(s)
10.10.10 World Day Against the Death Penalty – USA special
on 6 August 2010
On 10 October 2010, the World Day Against the Death Penalty will focus on the USA. There are two months left to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day.
2010
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment
United States
Article(s)
Live from death row
on 25 February 2010
The 180 members of the public who had gathered to view the film Manners of dying had an opportunity to witness a discussion between Mumia Abu-Jamal and his lawyer Robert Bryan.
2010
Switzerland
United States
Article(s)
800 cities light up for life
on 17 November 2008
On November 30, monuments in nearly 800 cities across the globe will light up to celebrate “Cities for Life – Cities Against the Death Penalty”.
2008
Italy
Public Opinion
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/752e09d97d89b57fdcfb6dae1f3e6998_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Madagascar’s MPs abolish the death penalty
on 10 December 2014
The National Assembly of Madagascar adopted a bill that abolishes the death penalty on 10 December, World Human Rights Day.
2014
Madagascar
Madagascar
![Universal Declaration of Human Rights](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.jpg)
Article(s)
Statement on the occasion of the International Human Rights Day
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 10 December 2020
Humanity and the global human rights movement, including the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, are celebrating the 72nd anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. This day has been commemorated by the United Nations as International Human Rights Day.
2020
Moratorium
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/87e827849f1588f4b8bacbfc4c87eeca_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Asia: Stop executions and unfair trials
By ADPAN, on 6 December 2011
A hard-line group of Asian countries are defying the global trend against the death penalty and putting to death thousands of people after unfair trials every year, the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) said today in a new report.
2011
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e4777fc4c8993e10f0a2cbdc1c3b9647_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Calendar of events for World Day
By WCADP, on 10 September 2013
On 10 October 2013, the World Day Against the Death Penalty is focusing on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean. Browse the schedule and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day.
2013
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/db3d1b3cda7cb1213598e684c8933585_2-1.gif)
Article(s)
ADPAN welcomes Mongolia’s decision abolish death penalty in law
By ADPAN, on 18 December 2015
Mongolia abolished the death penalty for all crimes in law on 3 December 2015 by adopting a new Criminal Code without any reference to capital punishment. Mongolia had already taken a strong commitment in 2012 by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, and it was one of the World Coalition’s target countries for the follow-up of the ratification campaign. The new Criminal Code will come into effect in September 2016
2015
Article(s)
WANTED: Program and Admin Assistant
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 19 August 2016
The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is looking for an intern for a period of 6 months, starting mid-September.
2016
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ba3ddff80c9f2d62a8097e0531f3c149_2.jpg)
Article(s)
Abolitionist movement shifts up a gear in Morocco
By Thomas Hubert, on 20 December 2013
Through engagement with members of Parliament, the publication of an unprecedented report on death row conditions and the launch of a new website, the Moroccan abolitionist movement is entering a new dimension.
2013
Mental Illness
Morocco
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/aa4486adc6820cfd6721ddebd92718fe_2.jpg)
Article(s)
From restrictions to abolition
By World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, on 17 August 2012
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has published a new report and called for abolition of the death penalty.
2012
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Document(s)
Somebody’s Child: Amid the Lingering Trauma of Trump’s Executions, a New Project Brings Families to Federal Death Row
By The Intercept, on 15 February 2024
2024
Article
United States
More details See the document
Published on February 11, 2024.
In 2002, Ra’id was arrested alongside several other suspects following a botched bank robbery that left two people dead and another paralyzed. His co-defendants pointed to him as the mastermind, which Ra’id adamantly denied. “I did not take part in that atrocity,” he told the court following his trial. “I did not shoot and kill anyone.”
Newson attended his father’s sentencing hearing, along with his mother, Jeannie Gipson-Newson. A death sentence would be “devastating to my child,” she remembered testifying. But it felt futile. The jurors seemed to have made up their minds. In 2004, Ra’id was sentenced to die.
- Document type Article
- Countries list United States
Document(s)
Malaysia: On Death Row
By Al Jazeera, on 1 January 2019
2019
Multimedia content
Malaysia
More details See the document
In Malaysian jails, more than 1,200 prisoners are on death row. For them, news that the government was planning to abolish the death penalty provided a much-needed glimmer of hope. But many Malaysians want to keep the law as it is, saying capital punishment deters criminals and helps keep citizens safe. Families of murder victims say the only way to get justice for their loved ones is by hanging the perpetrators. 101 East meets the people on either side of this emotional life-and-death debate and investigates if Malaysia is ready to abolish the death penalty.
- Document type Multimedia content
- Countries list Malaysia
- Themes list Moratorium , Murder Victims' Families, Death Row Phenomenon,
Document(s)
Experimenting with Death: An Examination of Colorado’s Use of the Three-Judge Panel in Capital Sentencing
By Lutz, Robin / University of Colorado Law Review, on 1 January 2002
2002
Article
United States
More details See the document
Mr. Page committed an atrocious crime. He did not know his victim, Peyton Tuthill, a young woman who had recently graduated from college and moved to Denver. But he was in her house, looking for money and items to sell, when she returned from a job interview. Instead of leaving her home, Mr. Page stayed to beat Peyton Tuthill, tie her up, stab her, slit her throat, rape her repeatedly, and eventually, kill her. Clearly, Ms. Tuthill did not deserve to die such a tortured death. Clearly, her death resulted from an egregious crime. However, the answer to the question of whether Mr. Page should be executed for committing this murder is not as clear. Some would answer affirmatively, others negatively. An important question is: who should decide?
- Document type Article
- Countries list United States
- Themes list Networks,
Document(s)
The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2020
By Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), on 9 October 2020
2020
Regional body report
Belarus
United States
ruMore details See the document
This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020. Special Focus: Is the death penalty inherently arbitrary?
- Document type Regional body report
- Countries list Belarus / United States
- Available languages Смертная казнь в регионе ОБСЕ: Справочный документ 2020 года
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9712d7acacf191dc38954fbaab22806f_2.png)
Member(s)
The Sunny Center Foundation
on 30 April 2020
2020
Ireland
Document(s)
Portuguese : Homofobia do Estado: Uma pesquisa mundial sobre legislações que proíbem relações sexuais consensuais entre adultos do mesmo sexo
By Daniel Ottosson / International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), on 8 September 2020
2020
NGO report
enfresMore details See the document
O propósito deste relatório anual sobre a Homofobia do Estado, expresso desde sua primeira edição, em 2007, é revelar e denunciar os países que, no século 21, negam às pessoas LGBTI os direitos humanos mais fundamentais: o direito à vida e à liberdade, na esperança de que, a cada ano, mais e mais países abandonem a ―comunidade‖ dos países homofóbicos.Em comparação com o relatório do ano passado, em que relacionamos os 77 países que perseguiam as pessoas com base em sua orientação sexual, no presente relatório você encontrará ‗apenas‖ 76 países nesta mesma lista, incluindo os cinco ―infames‖,que condenam as pessoas à morte com base em sua orientação sexual: Irã, Mauritânia, Arábia Saudita, Sudão e Iêmen (e algumas regiões da Nigéria e da Somália). Um país a menos, se comparado ao relatório de 2009, pode parecer um avanço insignificante, até nos darmos conta de que ele compreende 1/6 da população humana.
- Document type NGO report
- Themes list Homosexuality,
- Available languages State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adultsHomophobie d'État: Une enquête mondiale sur les lois qui interdisent la sexualité entre adultes consentants de même sexeHomofobia de Estado: Un informe mundial sobre las leyes que prohiben la actividad homosexual con consentimiento entre personas adultas
Member(s)
Norden Directions
on 30 April 2020
Norden Directions is an Australian non-government organisation founded in 2009. It focuses on policy in relation to social justice and human rights issues both within Australia and overseas. It has contributed to the abolition of the death penalty internationally in public debate over the past decade. Its Director, Professor Peter Norden AO, is an experienced […]
2020
Australia
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1862c1c2a5d931f28e1882f9a20be60c_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico
on 30 April 2020
The Puerto Rico Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico) represents all the attorneys in Puerto Rico, and has historically taken a very active role in the public debate. Since 2006 the Bar Association has been part of the World Coalition under the umbrella of the Puertorican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, […]
Puerto Rico
![Hope Behind Bars Africa](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/HBBA-logo.png)
Member(s)
Hope Behind Bars Africa
on 5 September 2023
Hope Behind Bars Africa provides free legal services and direct support to indigent individuals in contact with the justice system while promoting criminal justice reforms through research, evidence-based advocacy, and technology.
2023
Nigeria
![Human Rights Association - logo](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IHDLogosu_Vektorel-1200x2056.jpg)
Member(s)
Human Rights Association
on 2 May 2023
The Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği) is a non-governmental, independent, and voluntary body. The association, which was founded in 1986 by 98 human rights defenders, today has 27 branches, 7 representative offices, and ~8,000 members. İHD is the oldest and largest human rights organization in Turkey and its “sole and specific goal is to […]
2023
Turkey
![IBA Logo including HRI name](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IBA-Logo.jpg)
Member(s)
International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI)
on 14 March 2023
The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) works with the global legal community to promote and protect human rights and the independence of the legal profession worldwide. The IBAHRI is an autonomous and substantively independent entity of the International Bar Association (IBA), the world’s leading organisation of international legal practitioners, bar associations and law […]
2023
United Kingdom
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/557646acf853f8327e4d99d73278e703_2.png)
Member(s)
Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ-KENYA)
on 30 April 2020
Mandate and goals : – To develop, strengthen and protect the principles of the rule of law in Kenya. – Develop, maintain and protect the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession in Kenya. – Protect and promote the enjoyment of human rights in Kenya and Africa. Kind of actions : – Legal research […]
2020
Kenya
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/092554e3d420c5aba05e85a8774509a1_2.gif)
Member(s)
Barreau de Paris
on 30 April 2020
The Paris Bar was founded under the reign of Louis XIV. Nowadays, it represents around 20 000 lawyers, i.e. nearly half of those practicing in France. Its prime objectives are to organise and structure the legal profession, to strengthen training and adapt it to the deep changes occurring in society and to expand the role […]
France
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9ab51b6b352267ba067eada2a9359700_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)
on 30 April 2020
The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) was founded in Hong Kong on the World Day against the Death Penalty in 2006. In 2014, at its first General Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) members approved ADPAN’s Constitution, and ADPAN’s first Executive Committee was elected. ADPAN, an independent Asia-Pacific network committed to working […]
Malaysia
![Harm Reduction International](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/HRI-logo.png)
Member(s)
Harm Reduction International
on 30 April 2020
Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. We promote the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies. Since […]
United Kingdom
![German Coalition logo](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/German-Coalition-Logo.jpg)
Member(s)
German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty
on 30 April 2020
The Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe e.V. (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty – GCADP) was founded in 1997 and is a non-profit organization since 2000. Our association is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. Our work is based on the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as […]
Germany
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/19af3d8a53d83df7d51101e3fa92b847_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH)
on 30 April 2020
The Alert and Intervention Network for Human Rights (Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) aims to organise, finance and support any work, initiatives, measures, ideas or discussions which aim to defend and promote human rights (particularly civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, […]
France
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4f8f76921275e3805fdced00e6082a4_2.png)
Member(s)
International Commission of Jurists
on 30 April 2020
The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is dedicated to promoting rule of law and advancement of human rights around the world. The ICJ statute provides: The Commission carries out activities at the global, regional, national and local level and in particular takes effective steps to: 1. Support and advance the Rule of Law and human […]
Switzerland
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f77c074eee949c0704c815399d6b47ef_2.png)
Member(s)
Justice Project Pakistan (JPP)
on 30 April 2020
Justice Project Society, commonly referred to as Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), represents the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the harshest punishments at home and abroad, including those facing the death penalty, mentally ill prisoners, juvenile prisonners, women, victims of police torture, and overseas Pakistani prisoners. JPP was the winner of the 2016 Franco-German Human Rights […]
Pakistan
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/23f0500d2a0ae3ab4fa9521336606ee9_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Ligue des droits de l’Homme
on 30 April 2020
Founded in 1898 during the Dreyfus affair, the League for Human Right (LDH) has a rich history thanks to a century of activism and attentive monitoring of all major contemporary issues. Originally, its mandate was to defend an innocent man, victim of anti-Semitism and reason of state, but the LDH expanded its actions to include […]
France
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b4e0a66995c35f9808cfbba7628714c1_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC)
on 30 April 2020
The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is registered as a private, non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit making organization based in Tanzania, East Africa. The LHRC works to create legal and human rights awareness among the public, in particular the underprivileged section of the society of Tanzania, through legal and civic education, provision of legal aid, […]
United Republic of Tanzania
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/29c65fb9db92f760627855c0f8dcac76_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Journey of Hope… From Violence to Healing
on 30 April 2020
“Journey of Hope…from Violence to Healing is an organisation led by murder victim family members joined by death row family members, family members of the executed, the exonerated, and others with stories to tell, that conducts public education speaking tours and addresses alternatives to the death penalty. Every year, the organisation arranges a Journey of […]
United States
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/81242ca30817cc657d0627d95423edbb_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Città di Reggio Emilia
on 30 April 2020
For a long time, the city of Reggio Emilia has been proud of its strong vocation for the struggle in defense of Human Rights, which is supported by the commitment of the entire community. An example is that, in order to strengthen its contribution in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, the city signed […]
Italy
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3ee7909e64448fa42cae84ed72052a55_2.png)
Member(s)
Fédération Syndicale Unitaire (FSU)
on 30 April 2020
The United Trade-Union Federation (FSU) brings together 22 national trade unions in the fields of education, teaching, research, culture, training and social integration. They represent the majority or a large proportion of workers in their professional fields. FSU unites these national trade unions by combining diversity, pluralism and unity. Its characteristic organisational innovation is to […]
France
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/268862215bdc3de24830c3dca0b36dae_2.jpg)
Member(s)
The Human Rights Centre “Viasna”
on 30 April 2020
The Human Rights Centre “Viasna” is a non-governmental human rights organization active since 1996. It is a nation-wide NGO with a central office in Minsk and a dozen local offices across the country. Viasna has about 200 members. In 2003, the Supreme Court groundlessly cancelled the registration of Viasna for its participation in the observation […]
Belarus
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/476ebce8268ff8c219b2e8c56730be58_2.jpg)
Member(s)
Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU)
on 30 April 2020
Active since 1987 as Italian Helsinki Committee, FIDU promotes the protection of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social in other relevant international documents. FIDU therefore intends to work to spread the knowledge of […]
Italy
![](https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b9a209c040703f99f739830f3e05acde_2.gif)
Member(s)
National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL)
on 30 April 2020
The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is the preeminent organization advancing the mission of the criminal defense bar to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or wrongdoing. A professional bar association founded in 1958, NACDL’s 12,000-plus direct members in 28 countries – and 90 state, provincial and local affiliate organizations […]
United States